monuments in newport pagnell church
Transcription
monuments in newport pagnell church
MONUMENTS IN NEWPORT PAGNELL CHURCH © Dennis C Mynard And Shaun Higgins 2011 Transcriptions and typing by Dennis, photographs by Shaun The earliest record of Memorial monuments in the Church is by Browne Willis the renowned antiquary who lived 1682-1760. Willis visited the church c1735-40, when he was collecting material for a History of The Newport Hundred. The latest burial that he recorded was that of Elizabeth Chapman 1735. Browne Willis, Antiquary and Historian researched and published Histories of all of the Cathedrals and Abbeys in the Country. He also wrote and published a History of the Buckingham Hundred but as this was not well received his work on the Newport Hundred remained unpublished. His original manuscript History of the Newport Hundred is preserved with his other works in the Bodliean Library in Oxford. After Willis' death in 1760, his friend, the Revd William Cole, also a keen antiquary, transcribed the Newport Hundred material and had it bound into a volume which is preserved with his own manuscript collection in the British library. MONUMENTS RECORDED BY BROWNE WILLIS Willis obviously made notes when he visited the church and in rewriting these he occasionally altered the layout of the original inscriptions. Cole's transcriptions contain a few errors but this is understandable as Willis' hand is not easy to read. As far as possible Cole's transcriptions, and spelling, are given below exactly as he wrote them, apart from his underlining of certain words. On an ordinary stone at the lower end of the Church is this Inscription: Here Lyeth the body of Thomas White Esq., late Lord of the Manor of Caldecote, who having obtained a good Report died in the Faith of 1 Christ the 26 Day Sept A.D. 1670 in the 63 year of his Age. He lived piously towards the God, justly towards Men, temporately as to himself. He was a loving Husband, a provident Father, a prudent Peacemaker, a faithful Friend, a Benefactor to the Poor, a great Promoter of the publick good. He did much in little Time. non etam diu, sed quam bene It is not so much how long, as how well a man liveth. The memorial of the Just is blessed. Prov.X.7 -------On an ordinary Stone near the last is a brass Plate bearing this Inscription : Here under lyeth the Body of Mr. Anthony Potter of Newport Pagnell who departed this life the 16. July, 1653, aged 68 years and 9 months. On a like stone near the last is a brass Plate, on which is this inscription. Here lyeth the body of Mrs Mary White, wife of Mr Thomas White , the younger of Caldecot, and Daughter of George Rotherham of Farley. Esq., who died in the 38 year of her Age upon the 15 day of July 1635, aged 38. On the same stone is this engraved Mr Samuel White died October 11 1701. In the middle of the Church are laid 3 large antient stones abreast, of the Paganels, as supposed, said to be brought from Tickford Priory Church, on which were Arms & Inscriptions on brass Plates, some of which are torn off: On one remain the Figure of a man and a woman, on another the portrait of a man, with a label from his mouth; on the stone were Arms and a Plate with an Inscription which are lost . Here was buried one of the Paganels, my Account has S Paganel, who died Anno 1390: as also one of the Family of St Leger who died 1447. There were also anciently in the windows of this Church the Arms of Aylesbury Lord of Milton Keynes, & of Neville Earl of Warwick; & another Coat, viz: 2 Bars in Chief & in Base 3 Annulets. On an ordinary stone is this cut: 2 Here lyeth the Body of Mr George Chapman who departed this life March the 1. 1696 Aetatis sue 70. Under the Window of the N. Isle is an ancient Altar Monument on which was an Inscription on a brass Plate now taken away. Under the upper window of the S. Isle is an Altar Monument of Stone on which is this Inscription: Here lieth the Body of Mr Thomas Kilpin who departed this life April the 16. 1677. Against the S. Wall, near the S. Door is a white marble set in freestone, on the Top of which are these Arms, viza ^ or a crescent countercharged for Chapman impaling 2 Lions pafsant crowned for Catesby. “ I remember to have seen these Arms on a small painted Atchievement at the House of Mr Robt Chapman, Rec tor of Little Woolstone. W.C.” Under there Arms, having this Crest, out of a Wreath an erased Arm is this Inscription: Here lye interred the several Bodies of Roger Chapman Esq. Rebecca his wife, & Felicia their daughter, who died on the Days & in the years underwritten. Rebecca died the 25 April 1697. Felicia who was married to Captain James Dumas died 31 December 1698 And Roger died 15 of Feb'y 1702. Buried here Tho Chapman Esq., Son of Roger Chapman & Elizabeth his wife on April 6 1735. Her Corpse was brought from Potters Perry, she was Dau of one … Goodman a Keeper in the Forest. Mr Roger Chapman was member of Parliament for Bucks & Amersham.& an excellent Justice of the Peace but squandered his Estate. In the middle against the S. Wall is such another Monument, at the top of Which are these Arms A Crest, viz A lion Passant for Taylor impaling Chapman as before. Crest a Panther. On the White marble Tablet is the following Inscription under the Arms: Under this place lyeth the Body of Mr Chapman Taylor who departed this life September the 30 1705 in the 47 year of his age. Also the Body 3 of his sister Mrs Rebekah Taylor who departed this life Aug the 21 1706 Near the Altar Monument on a flat Stone is this Inscription cut: MS Thomas Kilpin Ecclesia Lynford Magna Rectoris qui Resurectionem Mortiored Expectat HSE Aetat An' 52 Mens 10 Deibus 15 On an ordinary Stone near the last is this Inscription cut: MS Jane Kilpinae Thomae Kilpini Lynfordiensis Viduaet Thomae Stanley Aeschyte ediot et Philosophorium vitis conscritpis inter eruditos celebriani, Filia que Reusrectionem Justoriati Expectans HSE Thomas Kilpinus, Thoams et Jane Filius Prianogenitis Maeroris et Pietatis sue Testimonium HMPC On an ordinary stone fixed to the S Pillar of the Chancel is this: Here lyeth the Body of Thomas Jenkins who departed this Life June 13 1705, & Mary his wife On a Large Gravestone at the Upper End of the Church are these arms viz a ^ between 3 Nags or Horses Heads impaling the same erased & bridled, & under them this: Here lyeth the Body of Samuel Christie Esq., who died the 21 of July 1703 n.b. He was buried under his Pew in the Church & making the Grave near a Pillar damaged the Church. 4 On an ordinary stone in the middle of the Chancel is this Inscription: Here lyeth the Body of John Cook A. M. & late Vicar of this Parish, Ob 7ber 28 1688 Within the Communion Rails on a black marble are these arms cut viz B. 3 Bars, A in Chief 3 Bezants & in Fefs the Arms of Ulster. Under them is this Inscription: MS Here under lyeth the Body of Sir Richard Atkins, Bart, Son of Sir Richard Atkins of Clapham in Surry, Bart, & Marie Re Becca his Wife, Daughter of Sir Edmund Wright alias Buckly of Swachley in Middx. The valuable Accomplishment of his Mind & Body recommended him to the Love & Esteem of all who knew him & qualified him for the Service of King and Country with double Capacity as Representative of the Gentry of Buckinghamshire in the High Court of Parliament, 7 as Colonel of a Regiment of Foot under his most sacred Majesty King William. Both which employ he honourably discharged with unbyassed Integrity & un alterable Fidelity. He might have been said to be truely happy being universally beloved by his worthy Acquaintances & blessed with a numerous and hopefull Progeny, had not the latter Part of his life been clouded with some domestick Troubles caused by the Fault of others not his own: and which ought to be covered with a veil of Silence. But these misfortunes tho' in a great measure they hastened his End yet they could not take from him the well deserved Caracter of a true honest English Gentleman: a man of strict Honour, a hearty Lover of his King & Country. To preserve the Memory of which singular good qualities & as an Instance of her tender Affections to him, the Lady Rebecca Atkins his mother & sole Executrix has caused this stone to be laid over him. He dyed Nov: 28 1696 in the 42 year of his age. the S Wall of the Chancel are these Arms painted, & Quarterings 1. Barry of CB & A in Chief 3 Besants: Arms of Ulster in Fess Atkins 2. Poly of Ga and G in chief 3 Cockle Shells S 3. Bendy Wavy a Lion pafst A in chief 3 Plates 4. B a Bend indented between 2 Cotises O, overally an Escoheon of Balance viz S on 5 a ^ it. 3 Bulls Heads A as mainly B Under these Arms is this Inscription on the Wall The Coat Armour of Sir Richard Atkins of Much Hadham in the County of Hertford Knt & Baronet, Son & Heir of Sir Henry Atkins Knt quartering the Arms of Hawkins, Barry & Power, by Anabella his Wife, Daughter and sole Heir of John Hawkins of Cheal drington in Kent, by Anne his Wife daughter & Coheir of Mr Power of Hamshire, together with the Arms of his Lady on an Escocheon of Pretence, scilicet Rebecca youngest Daughter and Coheir of Sir Edmund Wright, Knt Alderman of London. 6 MONUMENTS RECORDED BY JOSEPH STAINES The earliest published work containing a record of monuments in the church is in the History of Newport Pagnell, published in 1842 by Staines whose list contains some of the memorials recorded by Willis and others up to 1837. Staines' list has been retyped as below, the original linage has been retained as far as possible, and his page numbers are given. 184 The interior of the Church is very handsome ; it is well pewed, and contains a great many free seats. The font is modern ; in the south aisle are three stone stalls ; the cloth on the altar is marked N. P. 1664, and the altar piece contains the Ten Commandments, the Belief, and the Lord's Prayer. In addition to the inscriptions on the monuments, given in the text, are the following : CHANCEL. Church Monuments. In the Vault beneath lie the Remains of Sarah Needham, Daughter of Caroline and the Revd. C. Kipling, Vicar of this Parish, Who Died April 9th, 1813, Aged 1 Year and 5 Months. ------Sacred to the Memory of Henry Van Hagen, Esquire, of Tickford Park, in this Parish, Who Departed this Life 18th June, 1832, Aged 40. "As for me I will behold thy face in righteousness ; I shall be satisfied when I awake with thy likeness." Ps. 17. ------Thomas Pike Died July 10th, 1831, Aged 60 Years. 7 Ann Price, Wife of Luke Price, Died January 30th, 1837, Aged 31 Years. -------J, G. Durham, A.M., Vicar of this Parish, Died June 7, 1832, Aged 50. 185 SOUTH AISLE. Here lyeth the Body of Thomas Jenkins, Who Departed this Life June the 13, 1705, and Mary his Wife. -------William Lucas Died 29th Dec. 1827, Aged 69. Letitia, his Wife, Died 31st Aug. 1823, Aged 59. -------Under this Place lieth y° Body of Thomas Taylor, who Departed this Life August ye 12th, 1719, in the 47th Year of his Age. Also ye Body of Thomas Taylor, the Son of Thomas and Ann Taylor, Who Departed this Life April the 16th, 1719, In the 4th Year of his Age. -------Under this Place lieth ye Body of Mr. Chapman Taylor, Who Departed this Life September the 30th, 1705, in the 17th Year of his Age. Also ye Body of his Sister, Mrs. Rebekah Taylor, Who Departed this Life August ye 21th, 1706. -------- 8 Dorothea Conjux Dilectissima Johannis Hurst Gcnerosi E Vita Excessit vicessimo secundo Die Octobris Anno Salutis 1749. Aetatis 37. In Eodem Tumulo Etiam Hic Requiescit Foelicem Expectans Resurrectionem, Johannes Hurst Maritus Ejus Amantissimua. Qui Decessit die Octobris Quarto, Anno Dom V MDCCLXXTI. Aetatis Suae LXVI. 186 Georgius Pitt Hurst Generosus. Filius Natu Maximus, Johannis et Dorotheae, Obiit die Martis Decimo None. MDCCCXVII. Aetatis SUAE 73. -------Here ly Interred y" severall Bodys of Roger Chapman, Esqr. Rebecca, his Wife, and Felicia, their Daughter, Who Dyed on the Days and in the Yeares underwritten. Rebecca Dyed ye 25° of Apr. 1697. Felicia, who was Married to Capt. Ja: DVMAS, Dyed ye 31" of Decbr, 1698, And Roger Dyed y" 15" of Febr. 1702. -------Hic Requiescit. Felicem Expectans Resurrectionem Joannes Rogers Generosus Vixit Annos LXXV. Decessit die Jan. XXVII. Anno Dom. MDCCXXVI. -------9 Here Resteth the Body of James Hartley, Who departed this Life June the 27th, 1666, Aged 63. Here lyeth y" Body of Alice, ye Wife of Mr. John Chowne, Who departed this life March ye 21, 1699-1700 In ye 46 year of her Age. Here also lyeth ye Body of Mr. John Chowne, Who departed this life May ye — 187 Thomas Forster died 23 Jan. 1775, Aged 56. Thomas Godfrey Forster, (Son of Thomas Forster) died 30 Jan. 1792, Aged 43. -------Thomas Barringer, Son of Thomas and Ann Barringer, Late of Ravenstone, died February 2, 1810, Aged 45. Sarah Barringer, Wife of Samuel Barringer, died January 4, 1825, Aged 76. Samuel Barringer, Husband of Sarah Barringer, died December 27, 1833, Aged 76. -------Mary Knibb, died 2 Jan. 1822, Aged 78. George Valentine Knibb, died 5th Jan, 1817, Aged 37. Mary Ann Knibb, died 12 July, 1824, Aged 43. George Knibb died 23rd Octr. 1826, Aged 76. -------Hic Jacet Thomas Pvlford, In Artibvs Bach Obijt 29 Maij, 1672, Mtat suae 21. Ante Obitvm Nemo. 10 John Perrott, Son of Richard and Mary Perrott. 1721. -------Beneath this Stone are deposited the Remains of Ann Plowman, Daughter of Thomas Foster, Senr. Was born Septr. 27, 1753; Died June 1st, 1840. -------Here lyeth y° Body of Thomas Bazeley, of Hemingforth Abbott, in ye County of Huntingdon, Yeoman, Who dyed y' 4th of October, 1703, In the 63rd year of his Age. 188 Robert Collison, Died 8th March, 1803, Aged 54. Lucy Collison, Died 24th August, 1799, Aged 50. -------Mr. Samuel White, Died October y" 11, 1701. -------NORTH AISLE. Here lieth ye Body of Frances Mander, Wife of Daniel Mander, Who departed this Life Octr. the 24th. 1704, In the 26th year of her Age. -------Here lieth the Body of Susannah Kilpin, Who departed this Life December 6th, 1711, Aged 71. Here I lie, sleeping in the dust, Untill the resurrection of the just: Untill our Christ (Saviour) does say, ' Arise, ye dead, and come away. -------Here lieth the Body of Mr. John Johnson, 11 He departed this Life the 28th of August, 1711, In the 48th year of his Age. Read on the other hand, and thou shalt see, The dismal tokens of mortality: Here lies the Mother, with her Children dear; And here the Father, coming in the rear; All sleeping now together in the dust Untill the resurrection of the just. -------- Here lieth the Body of Mary Johnson, Wife of John Johnson, and their 12 Children, 189 She died October 10th, 1708, In the 35 year of her Age. What root and branches too ! O cruel death, So early in our day to stop our breath ! Tis true we all lye conquered here by thee, Yet thou, O death, soon conquered must be; When thou thy sleeping prisoners must let go, Free from the feares of any after blow. NAVE. Here lyeth the Body of Samuel Christie, Esq. Who died the 21st of July, 1703. Here also lyeth the Body of Ann, his Wife, Who-died August the 28th, 1713. -------To the Memory of William Pomfret, Late of this Parish, Gent. Who, together with his three Wives, and a numerous Offspring, Lyeth near this place Interred. He departed this Life the 6th day of June, 1666, Virtus post Funera Vivit. 12 -------Here lieth ye Body of Mr. George Chapman, Who departed this Life March ye 1, 1696, AEtate sve 70. There are in different parts of the Church several old stones, robbed of their brasses, which are probably some of those to which Browne Willis refers. Besides those already mentioned there are no monuments in the Church-yard that particularly claim our attention. The Church- 190 yard is in an airy open situation ; and the view from the iron railings, at the end of the terrace, is one of the finest landscapes in the neighbourhood. OTHER INSCRIPTIONS RECORDED BY STAINES SIR RICHARD ATKINS PAGES 125-6 By the death of Sir Richard Adkins in the year 1689, the Abbey at Tickford with the other estates in this parish belonging to the family, devolved upon his son, the second Sir Richard Adkins who was a Member of Parliament for this county, and Colonel of a foot regiment; a pair of large drums belonging to him are still preserved. Seven years after the decease of his father, and while in the full vigour of his days, 13 he was removed by death, and was buried within the Altar Rails of the Parish Church. Over his remains there is a marble slab bear ing the following epitaph ; and it is much to be be regretted that the memorial of so distinguished an individual should be in so obscure a situation. Here under, Lyeth the body of SIR RICHARD ATKINS, Bart., Son of Richard Atkins of Clapham, in Surrey, Bart., : And Dame Rebecca his wife, daughter of Sir Edmund Wright, alias Bunckley, of Swakely, In Middlesex. The valuable accomplishments of his mind and body re commended him to the love and esteem of all who knew him, and qualified him for the service of his King and coun try, in a double capacity, as representative of the gentry of Buckinghamshire, in the High Court of Parliament, and as Colonel of a regiment of foot, under his most sacred Majesty, King William, both •which employments he honor ably discharged with unbiassed integrity, and unalterable fidelity. He might have been said to be truly happy, being universally beloved by his worthy acquaintance, and blessed with a numerous and hopeful progeny ; had not the latter part of his life been clouded with some domestic troubles, caused by the fault of others, not his own, and which ought to be covered with a veil of silence. But these misfortunes, though in a great measure they hastened his end, yet they could not take from him the well deserved character of a true, honest, English gentleman, a man of strict honor, and a hearty lover of his king and country. To preserve the memory of which singular good abilities, and as an instance of her tender affection to him, the Lady Rebecca Atkins, his mother, and sole executrix, has caused this stone to be laid over him. He died November 28th, 1696, in the 42nd year of his age. -------A tablet in the west porch states, that about this time, the Lady Rebecca Adkins gave two 14 silver flagons, and one silver salver, for the use of the Communion, and also gave fifty pounds for the putting out apprentice, ten poor children of this parish. REVD JOHN GIBBS PAGE 128 Joseph Staines referring to Gibbs stated that “An Altar Tomb was erected to his memory; of which the top and one end stone now only remain; it was with great difficulty that many years ago a gentleman was enabled to trace the Latin inscription, the following is nearly the substance of it: This tomb is erected, equally from gratitude and affection, Over the spot where are laid the sacred ashes of The Reverend John Gibbs; A man of a well cultivated mind, wonderful memory, Acute judgement, and great learning, As well as eminent piety and great integrity; A fervent preacher both to saints and sinners.” (Having been) Pastor of (an Independent) Church, . . years, He willingly dismissed his spirit, In the year of Christ, 1699, And of his age 72” On one end stone, Here lieth the body of MARTHA The wife of Mr. John Gibbs, Who departed this life the 2nd of January, 1704, In the 73rd year of her age.” On the other end stone, Friendship and gratitude have raised this tomb, Wherein his sacred body find a room: Happy his wit, his memory was vast, Piously learn'd, and accute to the last. Holy as were the purest saints of old, In the defence of the true faith most bold; To saints and sinners equally he preached, 15 And God's own church as faithfully he teach'd JAMES SANDERSON PAGE 154 Staines recorded that “the Rev. Humphrey Gainsborough, Minister at the independent Church, brother to the celebrated portrait painter, was the author of the Latin inscription on a Tomb in the Church yard, to the memory of Mr. Sanderson, a monument which has unfortunately been suffered to fall into decay, a portion of the tablet now only remaining". The inscription was to the following effect. Sacred to the Memory of JAMES SANDERSON, Of Newcastle, Who died suddenly at Newport, on his way to his native place, September, 13th 1745, On the day of the month on which he was born Anno Domini 1706 . Life, like a tale that's told, runs smoothly on, Charms the vain mind awhile and then 'tis done, So found poor Sanderson. He left his native home, Pleased with the thoughts of gain, but gained his tomb; From native soil to this fair spot he came, Here dyed, but dying left a deathless name; His sudden and extensive sorrows spread, Spectators wept, the hearts of lovers bled. But why ? the man was good, the soul released, Fled up the skies to heaven, with God is blest. Reader, then know thyself, live but as he, Die where thou wilt, such glory waits for thee. REVIS PAGES 160-161 16 “On his decease Mr. Revis was brought to his native Town for interment, and was buried in a Vault under the north porch, a monument bearing the following inscription, has been recently removed to the east end of the north Aisle, immediately over the Pew, appropriated to the inmates of the alms houses”. Sacred to the Memory of MRS. ELIZ. & ANN REVIS, Daughters of MR. John Revis, Apothecary, and Sarah, his wife, Ann after a very long and painfull illness, which she bore with a true Christian Patience and Resignation to the Divine will, exchanged this life for a better, on Wednesday, Jany. 8th 1755, in the 53d year of her Age. Eliz'th Died on Wednesday Feby. 26, 1755, in the 60th Year of her age. Eliz'th Clark, Daughter of Mr. John Clark, Apothecary, and Sarah his Wife, Died Friday Octobr26, 1750, Aged 13 years & 17 days, And all three lye buried in a Vault in this Porch. This monument was erected by Mr. John Revis, of Charing: Cross, in the Parish of St Martin's in the Fields, Westminster, Linnen Draper, to Testifie the great love and Affection he bore his Sisters, and the Sincere regard he had for the other. Among whose Remains now lie those of the above worthy John Revis, the last of his Father's Family, who after acquiring a good Fortune with Justice & Honour, and taking care of his Mother's most distant Relations : did in his Life Time Erect Seven Almshouses in this Churchyard, for 4 Men & 3 Women, for ever, and att his death give a generous Endowment to this his native Town, in Houses, Land, & Money, to the value of 3700£, and who was suddenly translated into a better world. 17 MONUMENTS RECORDED BY LIPSCOMB 1847 These are mostly copies of Browne Willis' record On an ordinary stone, near the west end of the church, is this inscription : Here lieth the Body of Thomas White, Esq. Late Lord of the Manor of Caldecote, who, having obtained a good property, died in the Faith of Christ, the 26th day of Sept. A.D. 1070, in the 60th year of his age. He lived piously towards God, justly towards men, tempe rately as to himself. He was a loving Husband, a pro vident Father, a prudent Peace-maker, a faithful Friend, a Benefactor to the Poor, a great promoter of the Public Good. He did much in a little time. Non tarn diu, sed quam bene. It is not so much how long, as how well, a man liveth. The memorial of the just is blessed.—Prov. x. 7. On an ordinary stone, near the last, is a brass plate, with this inscription : Here under lyeth the Body of Mr Anthony Potter, of Newport Pagnell, who departed this life the 16th July 1653, aged 68 years and 9 months. (Note, Re above Lipsomb incorrectly says Andrew, it was Anthony) On a similar stone, with another brass plate, is this inscription : Here lyeth the Body of Mrs Mary White, wife of Mr Thomas White the younger, of Caldecote, and daughter of George Rotheram of Farley, Esq. who died in the 38th year of her age, upon the 15th day of July, A.D. 1635, aged 38. In the middle of the church are laid three large stones, parallel (of the Paganells, as 18 supposed), said to have been brought from Tickford Priory Church,3 (Cole's Mss) on which had been effigies, and inscriptions on brass plates: on one remained the figures of a man and woman ; and on another, the portrait of a man, with a label from his mouth: the inscription gone. On slabs, in the floor of the nave : Dorothea Conjux Dilectissima Johannis Hurst Generosi e vita excessit vicesimo secundo die Octobris Anno Salutis 1749 aetatis 37. In eodem tumulo etiam quiescat faelicem expectans Resurrectionem, Johannes Hurst Maritus ejus amantissimus qui decessit Die Octobris 4 th A.D. 1772. Georgius Pitt Hurst Gen. filius natu maximus Johannis et Dorotheae obiit die Martis 19° 1817, aetatis suae 73. Alice, wife of Mr. John Chowne, died March 21, 1699, aged 46. Mr. John Chowne died May 4, 1730, aged 90. On a tombstone on the south side of the churchyard, are the following lines, written by Cowper Pause here, and think a monitory rhyme Demands one moment of thy Fleeting time. Consult Life's silent clock, thy bounding vein; Seems it to say, " Health here has long to reign ?" Hast thou the vigour of thy youth ? An eye, That beams delight? a Heart untaught to sigh ? Yet hear: youth oft-times, healthful and at ease, Anticipates a day it never sees; And many a Tomb, like Hamilton's, aloud Exclaims, " Prepare thee for an early shroud! " ! Weever's Funeral Monuments, p. 30. See also Gent. Mag. 1748, vol. xviii. p. 506. - Some portions of parietal bones were exhibited at an Anatomical Lecture in London, about the year 1794; which bones were then stated to have been brought from Cambridge, and were inspected by the writer of this History. (Quere.) Whether there were not a specimen of this kind in the Collection of John Heaviside, Esq. Surgeon to King Geo. III. in Great George Street, Hanover Square ? 3 Cole's MSS. 19 MONUMENTS RECORDED BY SHEAHAN 1862 Sheahan copied Lipscomb's entries re the Windows. He also gave the following list: The church contains memorials to members of the families of White, Potter, Chapman, Chowne, Revis, Pike, Price, Jenkins, Taylor, Bazeley, Barringer, Knibb, Perrott, Forster, Collison, Mander, Kilpin, Lucas, Johnson, Christie, Etc. Also to Henry Van Hagen, Esq., of Tickford Park who died in 1832 aged 40; and the late Vicar of the Parish the Rev. James George Durham, who died in the same year, aged 50. Sheahan also stated “ In the middle of the church are laid three large grave slabs, on which had been effigies, etc. on brass plates. These are said to have been brought from Tickford Priory, and to have belonged to the Paganells. 20 MONUMENTS RECORDED IN RATCLIFF'S HISTORY OF THE NEWPORT HUNDRED 1900 Brass Lectern given in Memory of Philip and Margaret Butler of Tickford Abbey by their sons in 1898 The Marble floor in the Chancel was given in 1894 by Mrs Catherine Elizabeth Taylor, the roof of the Chancel was restored at the same time by her sons. The East window erected in 1860 in Memory of Robert Collison, Surgeon, by his friend George Morley, vicar. The South window in the Chancel erected 1862 in Memory of Robert Collison by his brother George. The West, tower, window erected by the Parishioners in Memory of Samuel Wilberforce, for 25 years the Bishop of Oxford. Brass Chandelier in Belfry roof given in 1758 by James Leverrett, whitesmith. The church contains memorials to the members of the families of Chapman, Revis, Pike, Price, Jenkins, Taylor, Barringer, Knibb, Forster, Collison, Kilpin, Lucas, Powell, Johnson, Van Hagen, Rogers, Atkins etc.. 21 MONUMENTS RECORDED BY F.W.BULL C 1900 THREE mural monuments (to the memory of Roger Chapman, John Rogers, and T. and T. G. Forster) have coats of arms, but beyond these and the monuments specially mentioned elsewhere, there are none of any special interest in the Church. Some altar monuments were once in existence, but they have long since disappeared, while most of the older stones on the floor of the church of which there are records, were covered over when the seating was re-arranged. In the middle of the Church were formerly three large stones (laid parallel and brought, it is supposed, from Tickford Priory), on which had been brasses. On one of them remained at the time the MS. quoted from was written, the figures of a man and a woman, and on one of the others the figure of a man with a label issuing from his mouth, but all inscriptions had gone. One of the brasses was later on stolen by the sexton. The other, which is detached from the stone, is still in existence, and is supposed to be that of a civilian of about the year 1440. Bull also recorded the following inscriptions A brass plate on the organ has the following inscription :—" A.M.D.G. George Cooch and his sister Anne gave this Organ to lead the praises of God in this Parish Church, where during long lives they were devout and pious worshippers. October, 1867." The black and white marble paving in the chancel was the gift of the late Mrs. Taylor, and the roof restoration was carried out by her family in remembrance of her. A brass on the south side of the chancel records these facts as follows:— " To the Glory of God the marble floor was placed in this chancel by bequest of Catherine Elizabeth Taylor, A.D. 1894. The roof of the chancel was restored at the same time by her sons and daughters in loving remembrance." A marble slabs in the pavement is inscribed;—" J. G. Durham, A.M., Vicar of this Parish. Died June 7, 1832. Aged 50." An old stone slab to his memory having been removed in the course of the restoration. The window at the East end of the South aisle represents the Brazen Serpent in the Wilderness, Christ and the lame man, Christ healing the blind man, and the Good 22 Samaritan, and beneath is a brass plate inscribed as follows:— "This window was erected to the memory of Robert Collison Surgeon a liberal Benefactor to this Parish who died April 3rd 1860, Aged 78 years (by his grateful friend George Morley Vicar)." The next window in the South aisle has the words " Feed my sheep " in a scroll above, and represents the Adoration of the Magi, the delivery of the keys to Peter, and Christ blessing the Children. It also has beneath it a brass plate with the following inscription:— “This window was erected by George Collison, brother of Robert, who died September 15th, 1862, aged 75 years." The remaining stained glass window, that in the Tower, was placed there in 1876, and is referred to in the brass plate on the side of the Tower arch, which runs as follows : "To the Glory of God and memory of Samuel Wilberforce, fo 25 years Bishop of Oxford, the Parishioners of Newport Pagnell have placed in the west window of this Church figures of Patriarchs and Prophets, whose labours he emulated and whose rest he shares." The very handsome brass lectern bears on its base the following] inscription:— "To the Glory of God. In Memory of Philip and Margaret Butler, of Tickford Abbey. Presented by their Sons. Christmas 1898." 23 MONUMENTS RECORDED BY RCHM 1912 In South Aisle The Chapman monument In the South Porch A stone dated 1699 but very worn (Note: This may be Alice wife of John Chowne, DM) In the Tower A monument to John Barton 1701 and his wife 1699. (Note: This was not recorded by Willis, Staines or Lipscomb, DM) In the Chancel The slab to Sir Richard Atkins, set in the floor next to the north wall 24 MONUMENTS RECORDED BY THE VICTORIA COUNTY HISTORY 1927 A brass figure of a civilian of about 1440, now much worn, is nailed to the doorway of the turret stairway at the south-east of the nave. On the wall above this doorway is a tablet to Thomas Jenkins (d. 1705) and Mary his wife. In the south aisle are mural monuments to John Revis, apothecary (d. 1765), 'who did in his life time erect seven alms houses in this churchyard for 4 men & 3 women for ever and at his death gave a generous endowment to this his native Town,' and Elizabeth and Ann his daughters ; Thomas Taylor (d. 1719) ; Chapman Taylor (d. 1705) and Rebecca his sister (d. 1706). Roger Chapman (d. 1702), Rebecca his wife (d. 1697) and Felicia Dumas, their daughter (d. 1698), with a shield of arms, a lion standing, impaling a cheveron cut off at the ends, a crescent for difference. John Rogers (d. 1726), with a shield of arms, a cheveron between three harts. Thomas Foster (d. 1775) and T. G. Foster, his son (d. 1792). A floor slab to Sir Richard Atkins of Clapham, Surrey (d. 1696), has been placed against the north wall of the chancel; it has a shield of arms and the Ulster badge. In the tower are a floor slab to John Barton (d. 1701) and Mary Barton (d. 1699), and an early 16th-century slab with matrices for brasses. 25 MONUMENTS RECORDED BY DENNIS MYNARD AND SHAUN HIGGINS © 2011 Copyright of this list and photographs is reserved to the authors, no item or part may be reproduced without due acknowledgment. IN THE NORTH AISLE WALL MONUMENTS 1 MORLEY White Marble tablet IN MEMORY OF GEORGE MORLEY VICAR OF THIS PARISH FOR 33 YEARS BORN 1802 - DIED 1865 AND OF HIS WIFE MARTHA REBECCA AND THEIR TW0 INFANT SONS GEORGE AND THOMAS LUCY THEY ARE BURIED IN THIS CHURCHYARD 26 2 COLLISON-MORLEY White Marble tablet IN LOVING MEMORY OF JOHN LACY COLLISON-MORLEY. MD; SECOND SON OF REV. G. MORLEY FOR 33 YEARS VICAR OF THIS PARISH BORN 5th MARCH 1841 -DIED 10th APRIL 1907 FORMERLY LIEUT. IN THE XX EAST DEVONSHIRE REGT MEDICAL OFFICER TO ST PAUL'S SCHOOL W. KENSINGTON IN QUIETNESS AND CONFIDENCE SHALL BE YOUR STRENGTH 27 3 MORLEY White Marble tablet IN MEMORY OF MAJOR LIONEL ST HELIER MORLEY. D.S.O. SHERWOOD FORESTERS 2nd SON OF THE ABOVE 1876-1954 AND OF HIS WIFE MILDRED CONSTANCE OGILBY OF PELLIPAR DUNGIVEN Co LONDONDERRY 1885-1945 28 4 COLLISON-MORLEY An inscribed brass plate IN LOVING MEMORY OF LIEUT. COLONEL HAROLD DUKE COLLISON-MORLEY THE BUFFS COMMANDING THE 19th LONDON REGIMENT . T.F. SON OF J.L. COLLISON-MORLEY. M.D. BORN NOVEMBER 30th 1877 HE FELL LEADING HIS MEN AFTER BEING WOUNDED IN THE ATTACK ON LOOS. SEPTEMBER 25th 1915 29 5 LYDDON MORLEY An inscribed brass plate IN LOVING MEMORY OF LIEUT COLONEL GEORGE LYDDON MORLEY LATE 79TH CAMERON HIGHLANDERS AND THE ARMY SERVICE CORPS WHO DIED IN JERSEY ON 15TH JANUAY 1902 AGED 62 YEARS ALSO OF HIS BELOVED WIFE MABEL INGRAM WHO DIED IN LONDON ON 6TH JUNE 1910 AGED 64 YEARS THIS TABLET ERECTED BY THEIR SONS 30 6 ODELL White and black Marble tablet IN LOVING MEMORY OF CORPORAL PERCY JOHN ODELL M.M. 1ST BUCKS TERRITORIALS KILLED IN ACTION IN THE BATTLE ON THE SOMME OCT. 7TH 1916 31 SLABS IN FLOOR 7 PERROT REDEVIVA PERROT DIED OCT THE 15TH 1706 8 Not sure who, the stone under a radiator between columns 32 IN THE SOUTH AISLE WALL MONUMENTS 9 REVIS White Marble tablet, formerly at the East end of the North aisle and moved to the South Aisle. Sacred to the Memory of MRS. ELIZ. & ANN REVIS, Daughters of MR. JOHN REVIS, Apothecary, and SARAH, his wife, ANN after a very long and painfull illness, which she bore with a true Christian Patience and Resignation to the Divine will, exchanged this life for a better, on Wednesday, Jany. 8th 1755, in the 53rd year of her Age. Eliz'th Died on Wednesday Feby. 26. 1755, in the 60th Year of her age. Eliz'th CLARKE Daughter of MR. JOHN CLARKE, Apothecary, and SARAH his Wife, Died Friday Octobr 26. 1750, Aged 13 years & 17 days, And all three lye buried in a Vault in this Porch. This Monument was Erected by Mr. John Revis, of Charing Cross, in the Parish of St Martin's in the Fields, Westminster, Linnen Draper, to Testifie the great love and Affection he bore his Sisters, and the Sincere regard he had for the other. Among whose remains lie those of the above worthy JOHN REVIS, the last of his Father’s Family, who after acquiring a good Fortune with Justice and Honour, taking care of his mother’s most distant Relations: did in his Life Time Erect Seven Almshouses in Churchyard, for 4 Men and 3 Women, for ever, and att his death give a generous Endowment to this his Native Town in houses, Land and Money to the value of 3700, and 33 who was suddenly translated into a better world Sept 7th 1763 Aged 68 years 34 10 ROGERS White Marble tablet HIC REQUIESCIT FELICEM EXPECTANS RESURRECTIONEM JOANNES ROGERS GENEROSUS VIXIT ANNOS LXXV DECESSIT DIE JAN. XXVI ANNO DOM. MDCCXXVI 35 11 CHAPMAN White Marble tablet Hereby Interred ye several bodys of ROGER CHAPMAN. Esqr REBECCA his Wife and FELICIA their daughter who dyed on the days and in the yeares under Writen REBECCA dyed ye 15th of Apr 1697 FELICIA Who was married to Capt Ja DUMAS dyed ye 31st of Dec 1698 ROGER dyed ye 15th Feb 1702 36 12 CHAPMAN TAYLOR White Marble tablet Under this place Lieth ye Body of Mr Chapman Taylor who Depa rted this Life September the 30th 1705 in 17th year of his age Also ye Body of his Sister Mrs Rebekah Taylor who departed this Life August ye 21st 1706 37 13 TAYLOR White Marble tablet Under this place lieth ye body of Thomas Taylor who Departed This life August ye 12th 1719 Also ye Body of Thomas Taylor the Son of Thomas Taylor and Ann Taylor who Departed this life In the 4th Year of his age 38 14 LUCAS White Marble Sarcophagus shaped tablet on black rectangular panel GEORGE LUCAS, DIED XIth OCT MDCCCLXI AGED LXXVII GEORGIANA HIS WIFE DIED VIIth FEBry MDCCCLXXXII AGED LXXVIII 39 15 LUCAS White Marble Sarcophagus shaped tablet on black rectangular panel WILLIAM LUCAS DIED 29th DEC 1827 AGED 69 LETITIA, HIS WIFE DIED 31st AUG 1823 AGED 59 40 16 LUCAS White Marble Sarcophagus shaped tablet on black rectangular panel HENRY LUCAS DIED XXVI AUGUST 1847 AGED LVI ELIZA ANNE, HIS WIFE DIED XXIII SEPT 1851 AGED LI 41 17 PRICE and PIKE White Marble tablet THOMAS PIKE DIED JULY 10th 1831 AGED 60 YEARS ANN PRICE WIFE OF LUKE PRICE DIED JANUARY 30TH 1837 AGED 30 YEARS LUKE PRICE DIED AUGUST 29th 1844 AGED 40 YEARS GEORGE OSBORNE PRICE JULY 29th 1905 FRANCES ELIZABETH PRICE 1848-1930 HENRY ANTHONY PRICE (TONY) CAPTIAN BEDS YEOMANRY R. A. OCT 2nd 1915 -SEPT 12th 1944 JOHN ANTHONY PRICE 1880 1933 42 18 NEEDHAM White Marble tablet IN THE VAULT BENEATH LIE THE REMAINS OF SARAH NEEDHAM DAUGHTER OF CAROLINE AND THE REVD. C KIPLING VICAR OF THIS PARISH WHO DIED APRIL 6th 1813 AGED 1 YEAR AND 2 MONTHS SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF THE REVD CHARLES KIPLING PERPETUAL CURATE OF STONEY STRATFORD AND FORMERLY VICAR OF THIS PLACE WHO DIED 25th MAY 1844 IN THE 73RD YEAR OF HIS AGE A FAITHFUL AND AFFECTIONATE HUSBAND AND A KIND AND INDULGENT PARENT HIS MEMORY WILL BE EVER FONDLY CHERISHED BY HIS FAMILY AND FRIENDS ALSO TO THE MEMORY OF WILLIAM KIPLING COX THE INFANT SON OF WILLIAM COX GENT. AND CAROLINE HOWE HIS WIFE BORN 13TH APRIL 1834 AND DIED THE 28th OF AUG IN THE SAME YEAR CHARLES HODDLE KIPLING SURGOEN OF THIS TOWN AND ELDEST SON OF REVD CHARLES KIPLING, B.C.L., DIED DEC 29 1844 AGED 39 YEARS HE LIVED BELOVED AND DIED LAMENTED MARY WIFE OF CHARLES HODDLE KIPLING SHE DIED NOVr 28TH 1840 CLARISSA ANN KIPLING YOUNGEST DAUGHTER OF THE REVD CHARLES KIPLING BORN FEB 24th 1847 DIEDMARCH 28th 1855 CAROLINE MILES KIPLING RELICT OF THE ABOVE NAMED REVD CHARLES KIPLING DIED 21ST OCT 1853 43 19 POWELL Within a Wreath on a White Marble tablet IN MEMORY OF HENRY MILLER POWELL CAPT 57th REGT KILLED BY LIGHTNING AT NEWPORT PAGNELL OCTOBER 26th 1870 AGED 28 YEARS ERECTED IN LOVING REMEMBRANCE BY HIS LATE COMRADES 44 20 VAN HAGEN Rectangular white Marble tablet within black marble border SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF HENRY VAN HAGEN, ESQ, OF TICKFORD PARK IN THIS PARISH WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE 18, JUNE 1832 AGED 40 “AS FOR ME I WILL BEHOLD THY FACE IN RIGHTEOUSNESS: I SHALL BE SATISFIED, WHEN I AWAKE, WITH THY LIKENESS” Ps 17 45 SLAB IN THE FLOOR 21 FOSTER TO The Memory of THOMAS FOSTER Husband of ELIZABETH FOSTER Stone missing below here 46 ON THE WEST WALL OF THE AISLE 22 BARRINGER White Marble tablet THOMAS BARRINGER SON OF THOMAS AND ANN BARRINGER LATE OF RAVENSTONE DIED FEBRUARY 2.1810 AGED 15 SARAH BARRINGER WIFE OF SAMUEL BARRINGER DIED JANUARY 4 1825 AGED 76 SAMUEL BARRINGER HUSBAND OF SARAH BARRINGER DIED DECEMBER 27 1833 AGED 76 47 23 KNIBB White Marble tablet MARY KNIBB DIED 2ND JAN: 1822 AGED 78 GEORGE VALENTINE KNIBB DIED 5TH JAN: 1817 AGED 37 MARY ANN KNIBB DIED 12TH JULY 1824 AGED 43 GEORGE KNIBB DIED 23RD OCTOBER 1826 AGED 76 48 ON COLUMNS AT THE WEST END OF THE SOUTH AISLE 24 COLLISON White Marble tablet ROBERT COLLISON DIED 8TH MARCH 1803 AGED 54 LUCY COLLISON DIED AUGUST 24TH 1799 AGED 50 49 25 FORSTER White Marble tablet THOMAS FORSTER DIED 23. JAN. 1775, THOMAS GODFREY FORSTER SON OF THOMAS FORSTER DIED 30. JAN. 1792, AGED 43 50 IN THE NAVE 26 Nailed on the door to the tower stairs is the Brass figure of a Civilian dated by VCH to about 1440 51 27 JENKINS On the wall above the door to the stairs to the roof of the South Aisle is a Wall monument of white marble, a shroud like slab, with a skull and crossbones above the inscription, HERE LYETH THE BODY OF THOMAS JENKINS WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE JUNE THE 15TH 1705 AND MARY HIS WIFE 52 IN THE FLOOR AT EAST END OF NAVE After the clearance of the Churchyard in 1965 several stones were brought into the Church and laid in the floor of the Nave. These are numbers 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, 38, 39, and 40 below. 28 CHRISTIE on a Black marble slab Here Lyeth the Body of SAMUEL CHRISTIE Esq Who dyed the 21st of JULY 1703 Here Also Lyeth the body of ANNE HIS WIFE Who dyed AUGUST the 28th 1713 53 29 COLES Erected to the Memory of THREE CHILDREN ONE SON AND TWO DAUGHTERS JOHN and ANN COLES JOHN Died Sep 17 1814 aged 3 Months SARAH Died Feb 29 1816 Aged 8 Months MARY ANN Died March 1 1816 Aged 3 Years & 2 Months The above were buried in the Churchyard, Grave no 182 54 30 HARRIS IN Memory of SUSANNA HARRIS Wife of JOHN HARRIS who died Novr 20th 1830 AGED 74 YEARS 55 31 HARRIS IN Memory of JOHN HARRIS Husband of SUSANNA HARRIS Who Died June 17th? 1812 AGED 66 YEARS The above were buried in the Churchyard grave no 141 56 32 & 33 SAUNDERS and HOLLINGWORTH Two slabs removed from a table tomb, Grave 302 in the churchyard, brought into the church and laid in the floor in the 1960s 32 In this Vault lie the Remains of SARAH SAUNDERS who was buried Feb. 6 1776 Also of JOHN HOLLINGWORTH GENT who died Dec. 20 1807 Aged 78 Also of MARY Wife the above JOHN HOLLINGWORTH who died April 18th 1808 Aged 77 Also two Children of the above JOHN and MARY HOLLINGWORTH 57 33 In Memory OF THO SAUNDERS HOLLINGWORTH GENT. Who died April 9th 1813 Aged 47 Also ANN Relict Of the above and Widow of EDWARD COWLEY Who Died January 19th 1863 Aged 81 THEN SHALL THE DUST RETURN TO THE EARTH AS IT WAS AND THE SPIRIT SHALL RETURN UNTO GOD WHO GAVE IT 58 34a, 34b and 34c JACKSON Words in brackets are an inserted and not visible on the stones 34c The upper part of the stone TO THE MEMORY OF CHARLOTTE JACKSON (Wife of) 34b THOMAS JACKSON Daughter of GEORGE & SUSANNA MILLS Who died March 29th 1853 Aged 26 Years 34c Probably but not certainly part of the above. (Also) MA(RY) AB WIFE OF 59 35 JOHNSON The stone to John Johnson was recorded by Staines but only part has survived. HERE LIETH THE BODY OF MR. JOHN JOHNSON, HE DEPARTED THIS LIFE THE 28TH OF AUGUST, 1711, IN THE 48TH YEAR OF HIS AGE. READ ON THE OTHER HAND, AND THOU SHALT SEE, THE DISMAL TOKENS OF MORTALITY: HERE LIES THE MOTHER, WITH HER CHILDREN DEAR; AND HERE THE FATHER, COMING IN THE REAR; ALL SLEEPING NOW TOGETHER IN THE DUST UNTILL THE RESURRECTION OF THE JUST. -------HERE LIETH THE BODY OF MARY JOHNSON, WIFE OF JOHN JOHNSON AND THEIR 12 CHILDREN, SHE DIED OCTOBER 10TH, 1708, IN THE 35 YEAR OF HER AGE. WHAT ROOT AND BRANCHES TOO ! O CRUEL DEATH, SO EARLY IN OUR DAY TO STOP OUR BREATH ! TIS TRUE WE ALL LYE CONQUERED HERE BY THEE, YET THOU, O DEATH, SOON CONQUERED MUST BE; WHEN THOU THY SLEEPING PRISONERS MUST LET GO, FREE FROM THE FEARES OF ANY AFTER BLOW. 60 36 LEVERRET SACRED To the MEMORY OF JAMES LEVERET Husband of SARAH LEVERET who died Jan 19th 1814 Also GEORGE son of the above who died Jan 19, 1792 AGED 9 MONTHS 61 37 MAYNE IN MEMORY OF MARTHA WIFE OF WILLIAM MAYNE WHO DIED 21ST JANUARY 1837 AGED 71 ALSO OF THE ABOVE NAMED WILLIAM MAYNE WHO DIED 19TH JULY 1813 (0R 15) AGED 84 The above were buried in the Churchyard Grave no 125 62 38 MILLS Very worn stone. SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF GEORGE MILLS HUSBAND OF SUSANNA SON ----- MILLS AGED The above were buried in the Churchyard grave no 206 63 39 MILLS SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF ABRAHAM MILLS Who Died DEC. 13TH 18-8 Aged 83 Years The above were buried in the Churchyard grave no 205 64 40 PAINE Very worn stone JOHN PAINE SON OF THOMAS ISLETON PAINE SARAH WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE JANUARY XIX MDCC- - - III The above was buried in the Churchyard grave no 168 65 41 PRICE Very worn stone HANNAH PRICE 42 No Stone 66 43 67 44 Sacred TO THE MEMORY OF MARY WIFE OF JAMES HITCHIN daughter of ----- ELIZABETH ROSE Who Died April 16th 1855 Aged 20 Years 68 45 Has Indented border Died Jan - - 18 Aged 34 YEARS ALSO JOSEPH SON OF THE ABOVE WHO DIED IN HIS INFANCY 69 46 LINNELL Daughter of Henry & Sarah Linnell of Paulers Pury Co. of Northampton who departed this life 17 Sep. 1832 In the - - - year of her age 70 47 Not enough of stone remains to be read 48 Inscribed letters to small and worn to read 71 49 Part of initials and date only remain. -W 1782 50 SIR RICHARD ATKINS This stone slab was formerly set in the floor, above a vault, by the North Wall, but was removed between 1912 and 1927 and placed in the North wall to block the former doorway to the Vestry. It is interesting that Willis rewrote and expanded the memorial inscription into a more extensive obituary, and that when Cole transcribed Willis' work he read the date of Sir Richard’s death as the 28th instead of 26th. Staines merely copied Willis' version. The arms of Annesley are engraved above the inscription. Here lyeth the Body of Sir Richard Atkins, late of Clapham in the County of Surry, Baron, whose valuable Accomplishments of Mind & Body recommended him to the Love & Esteem of all who knew him & qualified him for the Service of King and Country with double Capacity as he was Member of Parliament for the County of Bucks, and at the same time a Colonel of a Regiment of Foot 72 in Both which Employment He acquitted Himself with Honour and Integrity and has left behind him the Character of an Honest and Brave English Man To preserve the Memory of which good Qualities The Marble hath been laid over Him. He Died November The 26.th 1696, in the 42nd year of His Age POSTSCRIPT In recording these monuments we realised that many that had been recorded earlier had not survived or were covered over as Bull noted by changes to the seating in the church. This was obviously also a problem that earlier recorders had encountered. 73 74