The cultural economy in Provence-Alpes-Côte d`Azur.

Transcription

The Cultural Economy
in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur
September 2009
1
Overview
MDER - 2009 / Cultural Economy in PACA
Contents
Problems and methods
2
OVERVIEW
We have limited the potentially vast scope of this view of the Cultural Economy in the PACA region to the study of 13 branches of
the arts. Cross-tabulation of all this data, though occasionally risky, has enabled us to separate out the following salient features:
¾ The PACA region has a unique position in France for this sector: it is on average, the third largest region in terms of
employment, of numbers of students, of establishments and of visitors. The lag behind Rhône-Alpes is far smaller than in
other sectors of activity, though both fall far short of the Ile-de-France.
¾ The various branches of the Cultural Economy represent around 60,000 jobs, of which nearly 10,000 are in the public sector
(excluding education); to these can be added about 6,000 who do not work full-time. The three major components are crafts
(17,000 jobs), the performing arts including street theatre (11,000), and historic heritage (7,000). Crafts are the major
cultural employer in the region, as they are nationally. This can no doubt be explained by the great attraction exercised by
the region’s history, countryside and climate.
¾ Some historic buildings serve as a backdrop for artistic events, the more prestigious of which are internationally renowned;
others attract traditional cultural tourism, both from France and abroad. This combination of history with many forms of art
(the performing arts, music, books, etc.) is a key feature of the region. The major festivals are the leading lights of the
international influence of the region, far more than other sectors of the economy!
¾ Several major companies such as Harmonia Mundi, Actes Sud and Vandoren, and the 20,000 small businesses that surround
them are evidence of the key contribution to the cultural economy made by the private sector. In addition to artistic
creation, the PACA region has adopted the digital arts and developed research platforms, with training and education
facilities that are essential to the cultural economy.
Alongside public bodies which observe, publicise and assist, the regional council has launched a system of recognition for centres,
known as PRIDES, with the aim of building up a network of players to develop innovation, exports, and social and environmental
responsibility. Several centres with a cultural focus have been recognised by this scheme. This initiative, and the nomination of
Marseille-Provence as European capital of culture in 2013, cutting across geography and disciplines, should give an added boost to
the sector.
We should remember that, beyond its economic aspect, culture has first and foremost a social and educational function. The
benefits brought by culture cannot be measured solely in terms of turnover… But what should we conclude from the large number
of infrastructures whose use, operating resources and sometimes staff are below those observed in other regions of France?
3
CONTENTS
Overview
Problems and methods
Contexts:
¾ Europe
¾ France
¾ Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur
¾ Benchmark PACA / France
Presentation by activity
¾ Architecture
¾ Crafts
¾ Performing arts – Street art
¾ Visual arts – Painting and sculpture
Networks of the Cultural Economy: collaboration, spin-offs and
support.
¾ Public action
¾ Cultural sponsorship
¾ The principal public structures
¾ Eleven centres of excellence focusing on culture
¾ Funding of part-time performers
¾ New technologies and culture
¾ Copyright – Other rights
¾ Media and cultural broadcasting
¾ Marseille-Provence 2013: European Capital of culture
Regional events
¾ Companies
¾ Events
(Not including design and visual communications)
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Audiovisual, Cinema – Multimedia
Design
Music industries
Books and reading
The art market
Fashion
Landscape and historic architecture
Photography
Advertising – Communication
Research and training in the cultural sector
¾ Training – General
¾ Training – Summary of data
¾ Laboratories and research centres
Appendixes:
¾ Lists of structures and infrastructures
¾ Resource centres
¾ Acknowledgements
4
PROBLEMS AND METHODS (1/4)
What is the Cultural Economy?
The economics and social changes relating to the economic of the knowledge-based society, and the role played by culture in the
economy and in social cohesion, demand and justify greater understanding of the mechanisms and the links which exist between
culture and economic development.
Because of the multiplicity of approaches and sources, there is a shortage of data and statistical tools to assess the contribution of
the Cultural Economy as a whole.
To try and reflect the complexity of the economic study of these areas, we will use and combine the two approaches adopted by
the working group on observing culture in the region*
¾ “The intersectorial approach”
“Observations bearing on all cultural sectors: ancient monuments, books and archives, museums, sculpture, live theatre, the cinema,
audiovisual arts, etc.”
¾ “The transverse approach”
“Observations across the region exploring problems common to all sectors, with a transverse impact on culture: town and country
planning, the economy, employment, training, cultural practices, etc.”
* “Observer la culture en region”: contribution by the 2003 working group under the aegis of the DDAT and the DEPS. - Ministry of Culture and Communication
5
The first step in assessing the economy of culture is to define its content: professions, sectors, groups and sub-groups. We
adopted the outline defined by the European Union in a study entitled: “the Economy of culture in Europe” (KEA & Partners,
2003). So the field of investigation includes:
¾ The cultural sector, namely:
9 The non-industrial sectors producing goods and services intended to be consumed on the premises (concerts, arts
fairs, exhibitions). These may be visual arts (painting, sculpture, crafts, and photography), the art market, performing
arts (including opera, orchestras, the theatre, dance, circus, concerts…), and heritage (including museums, historic,
archaeological and natural sites, libraries and archives…)
9 The industrial sectors producing goods and services intended to be reproduced for mass distribution (for example
books, films, sound recordings…). They constitute the “cultural industries” including film and video, video games,
music, publishing, broadcasting…
¾ The creative sector:
9 A sector in which culture is an “input” in the production of non-cultural goods. This sector includes activities such as
design (fashion, interior design, and industrial design), architecture and advertising. Creativity is considered as the
use of cultural resources by way of an interim consumption during the production process in non-cultural sectors,
and as a source of innovation.
Note: we deliberately chose not to deal with “Lifestyle Arts”: table decoration, linguistic cultures, local and Provencal culture and
so on, for reasons of feasibility, as the scope we intended to cover was already very wide. For the same reasons we have not
touched on the press.
Thus defined, the cultural field does not constitute a sector in the classic economic meaning of the term and so it is not covered
by specific sectorial analyses. The activities which compose it belong to many sectors and are not always clearly identified in
statistical surveys.
6
Technical
resources
Creative
activities
- Crafts
- Constructions / Materials
- Performing arts
- Visual arts
- Cinema and audiovisual
- Books and reading
-Art work, logistics
- Design and decoration
- Fashion
- Music
- Photography
- Radio
- Digital technologies: image,
sound, multimedia…
- Stage design / Museography
(…)
¾ Natural and cultural heritage
“Museums, historical archaeological sites, libraries and
archives, monuments, protected areas and parks, etc.”
¾ Cultural events
Production / Editing / Publishing / Distribution /
Support
- Street performance
¾ Technical resources
“Resources used both in the process of artistic creation
and in the distribution of the finished work”.
- Advertising / Communication
(…)
Events
The Cultural Economy consists of four main branches:
¾ creative activities
“By which we mean not creative industries, but all the
activities of artistic creation”.
Consumer
Natural and cultural
heritage
- Antiques
- Theatre
- Circus
- Archaeology
- Architecture
- Concerts
- Dance
- Parades
- Exhibitions
- Festivals
- Fairs and Trade shows
(…)
- Archives
- Libraries
- Museums
- Parks and Gardens
(…)
7
Cross-disciplinary and peripheral domains with an impact on cultural activities in their economic dimension
Associations and
organisations
Infrastructures and
equipment
Audiences and
consumers
Status and rights of
artists
Cultural tourism
Cultural policies in the
region
Cultural industries,
products and commerce
Training, education, research
8
Cultural contexts
Europe
France
Provence-AlpesCôte d’Azur
Benchmark
France / PACA
9
EUROPE (1/3)
The economic impact of the cultural and creative sectors
¾ Turnover of the cultural and creative sectors*, 2003: 654 billion euros
(nearly twice that of the automobile industry).
9 Contribute 2.6% to the European GDP and are at present growing faster
than the rest of the economy.
9 From 1999 to 2003, overall growth of added value in the sectors was
19.7%.
¾ In 2004 the cultural and creative sectors employed 5.8 million people,
9 48% of workers in these fields were highly qualified (as against 26% in all
employment).
9 The proportion of non-salaried workers (i.e. self-employed or unpaid
family members) represents 29% of culture workers (as against 14% in
employment as a whole). The highest proportions are in Italy (53%) and
Greece (35%)
Source: “The economy of culture in Europe” - KEA - 2006
Employment in the cultural sector in the EU (25 nations) in
2005:
¾ The cultural sector employed at least 4.9 million people, corresponding to
2.4% of total employment. (This is more than the active populations in Greece
and Ireland combined). From 1.1% in Romania to 3.8% in the Netherlands.
¾ Cultural jobs offer less security: 16% are temporary as against only 13% of
all jobs; 25% are part-time as against 17% in all. In France and Estonia, the
proportion of temporary jobs is twice as high in cultural employment as in total
employment.
* Definition used by KEA & Partners
¾ In most countries, the number of workers with a second job is higher in
cultural employment than in employment as a whole.
¾ 29% of European cultural workers work habitually or occasionally at home.
Proportion significantly higher than in total employment (13% work at home).
Varies from 3% in Cyprus to 41% in Austria and the United Kingdom (up to
46% in Iceland).
¾ 58% of cultural jobs are located in heavily built-up areas, whereas this
percentage is 44% for total employment.
¾ Within the EU-27, about 95% of these jobs are exercised by nationals.
Trade of cultural goods outside and inside the EU
Trade outside
the EU:
Trade within
the EU:
Imports and
exports between
the EU-27 and the
rest of the world
Countries of
the rest of the
world
(United
States,
Switzerland,
Chine, etc.)
Imports
and
exports
between
member
states
Imports
Exports
Source: MCC - DEPS
¾ Balance of external trade between the EU 27 and the rest of the world
(2006): in excess of 3 billion euros for the major cultural goods (Books,
magazines, DVDs, works of art, antiques and musical instruments)
Source: “Statistiques culturelles en Europe – 2007” DEPS – Eurostat
10
EUROPE (2/3)
Trade of cultural goods outside and inside the EU
(continued)
¾ United States, China and Switzerland: three main destinations for exports
from the EU 27: between them account for 43% of these exports. Are also
major sources of imports.
¾ Asian countries: major suppliers of books and musical instruments (72% of
imports of musical instruments come from China, Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan and
South Korea). Wind instruments are the major export (21%).
¾ The countries that receive book exports from the EU 27 greatly reflect
cultural and linguistic exchanges; strong cultural links between Belgium, Quebec,
Switzerland and France
¾ Trade of cultural goods within the European community is slightly higher
than exports from all the countries of the EU 27. The largest item in value is
books, at 4.1 billion euros, followed by newspapers (2.3 billion) and DVDs (2.2
billion).
¾ Exports of newspapers, magazines and periodicals distinctly greater than
imports.
¾ Trade in works of art, collectors’ items and antiques is the highest with a
positive balance of €1.7 billion. In value, books take second place.
¾ Note that the licences, patents and copyright fees are very large in quantity,
but reliable indicators are few.
¾ Nature of exchanges:
Cultural expenditure by households
¾ Expenditure on leisure and culture is the fourth highest item of spending by
European households (after rent, food and transport), with between 2.7 and
5.8% of the total budget across the various countries of the EU.
¾ Breakdown of cultural spending:
9 31% on printed cultural products (books, newspapers, graphic art
…)
9 24% on the use of equipment for receiving and reproducing sound
and pictures.
46%, (i.e.
potentially the
9 22% on buying them.
major item of
expenditure)
9 13% on attending shows and cultural events (cinema, theatre,
concerts, museums, etc.)
9 10% on amateur activities (photography, music…)
Source: MCC - DEPS
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EUROPE (3/3)
¾ Generally speaking, cultural expenditure depends on income and socio-professional class.
Cultural practice in Europe
¾ Only a relatively small part of the population attend cultural events, activities which are often pay-on-entry and urban. Visiting historic monuments and the cinema are
the only activities that affect more than half of the European population.
¾ In 2007, 71% of Europeans read at least one book during the year.
¾ In 2006, 18% of households owned a games console.
¾ The results broken down by social class and educational level demonstrate that cultural activities tend to increase with the volume of economic and socio-cultural
resources
9 Professionals are more likely to visit museums, the theatre and the ballet.
9 Students are more likely to go to the cinema, libraries and concert halls.
¾ Time spent on cultural activities:
9 Leisure time changes with the details of working time.
9 In every country, the average time spent in watching television and videos is the highest among all the different cultural practices.
9 Mediterranean countries spend less time watching television and other cultural activities as their main activities. In particular, they read much less.
12
FRANCE (1/3)
Employment structure (Source: Job survey by the INSEE)
¾ In the cultural sector (employed in the sector, depending on the main activity of the
company, whatever the profession exercised)
9 In 2005, nearly 460,000 people worked in the cultural sector, nearly 2% of
the population in work.
- 52% (241,000 jobs) concentrated in cultural industries
-
84,000 in publishing and bookselling
75,000 for the press,
41,000 in radio and television
41,000 in cinema and video
9 Among which:
-
65,000 performers
22,000 executives
33,000 technicians
4,500 unskilled
¾ In the cultural professions (PCS categories, whatever the sector of activity)
9 Distribution of jobs according to the profession:
- 28% (133,000) in the performing arts and artistic activities
- 20% shared between heritage (33,000) and architecture (53,000)
9 53% men and 47% women
9 76% are salaried (of which 74% on permanent contracts)
28%
Sources: - “L’emploi dans le secteur culturel en 2005” Culture chiffres – DEPS 2007
- “Chiffres clés 2008 – statistiques de la culture” La Documentation française 2008
¾ The cultural industries in 2006 (a subsection of the cultural sector above which
includes only the activities of publishing, the audiovisual and press agencies):
9 157,000 staff (full-time equivalent )
9 23,450 companies
9 Turnover 43 billion € (8.5% of the turnover of the market services
sector)
9 The 1,000 large, medium and small businesses:
- Represent 4% of the sector
- Account for 81% of total turnover (in current euros) and 75%
of jobs. The remainder of the turnover (19%) and jobs (25%) is
accounted for by 19,000 micro and very small companies.
Source: “Aperçu statistique des industries culturelles”, Note by the DEPS, 2008
¾ Characteristics of the sector: no employees (53% of businesses do not employ
anyone), and small companies.
¾ In 2004, 125,000 part-time entertainers
9 47% in the audiovisual arts
9 50% in the performing arts
¾ Detail of cultural professions:
Source: INSEE / DEPS
9 Audiovisual and performing arts:
- 55,200 performers
- 73,500 executives, technicians and unskilled staff
9 Arts and crafts:
- 24,400 artists
- 82,200 designers / decorators
- 14,800 photographers
- 30,600 craft workers
9 Literary professions:
- 48,600 journalists and publishing executives
- 8,900 authors, screenwriters, etc.
Source: “L’emploi dans les professions culturelles en 2005” Culture chiffres – DEPS 2007
13
FRANCE (2/3)
Structure of employment in the cultural professions (continued)
¾ 58% are men (as against 54% in the active population overall).
Strong disparities exist depending on the profession:
9 76% of architects
9 74% of photographers
9 73% of authors
Again, there are strong disparities from one profession to another:
9 83% of authors, 74% of architects and 64% of photographers are not on a
salary
9 88% of art teachers and professionals in the audiovisual and performance
fields are employed on a salary
are men
Conversely:
9 87% of executives and technicians
in documentation and conservation
are women
9 58% of art teachers
¾ Those active in the cultural professions are on average a little younger
than in other professions: 50% are under 40 as against 47% in the active
population as a whole.
Strong disparities exist depending on the profession:
9 69% of stylists – decorators
9 56% in the artistic and technical
professions of the performing arts
Are aged under 40
9 12% of architects and artists are aged over 60
¾ The cultural professions stand out clearly in terms of level of general
education: 66% of workers have a level of Bac (school-leaving certificate) + 2
years or more, compared with 34% in the active population as a whole.
9 This percentage rises to 97% among authors
9 It is only 36% among photographers
9 It is only 29% among craft professionals
¾ Geographical distribution: urban concentration
9 Four workers out of ten live in the Ile-de-France (with disparities
depending on the profession: this is the case for more than 60% of the
literary professions, but not for the craft workers.)
9 78% of those in cultural professions (as against 58% for the employed as
a whole live in or close to urban centres).
¾ More than one in four is not on a salary and 29% are self-employed (compared
with 11% of the active population)
¾ The conditions of employment are more precarious that in the rest of the
economy (fixed-term contracts, part time or second job.)
9 For more than 1/3 of those on a contract, it is fixed-term (as against 13% in
all professions)
9 Dependence on temporary staff is commonplace in the audiovisual and
performing professions
9 23% work part time (against 16% among workers as a whole). This is the case
for art teachers (57%) and performers (43%)
Source “L’emploi dans les professions culturelles en 2005” Culture chiffres – DEPS 2007
Central and local government
¾ Staff in the cultural services of central and local government:
9 In 2007, the Ministry of Culture employed about 31,000 people
9 In 2005, jobs in the cultural services of local government came to 73,360
(of which 65.6% were permanent jobs compared with 75.9% in services as a
whole)
- These staff represent 4.4% of those employed by local
government (excluding subsidised jobs)
- With 5,897 employees, the PACA region is the third largest after
Île de France (16,099) and Rhône-Alpes (7,277)
¾ Budget of the ministry of culture in 2009: €2.8 billion
Source: “Chiffres clés 2008 – Statistiques de la Culture” La Documentation française
14
FRANCE (3/3)
Cultural associations:
¾ 205,000 cultural associations (18.6% out of the 1.1 million voluntary
associations in France)
¾ 15% of these employ staff (i.e. 31,400)
¾ 83,000 part-time and 405,000 full-time employment contracts in the
voluntary sector
¾ 6% account for 62% of jobs. (1,870 cultural associations have a gross wage
bill of over €150,000)
¾ From 1999 to 2005:
9 Number of associations increased by 26%
9 Number of part-time jobs increased by 2%
Atomisation of
the sector
¾ budget of cultural associations with employees: €3.8 billion Staffing charges
represent 63.5% of the budgets
Source: “Associations culturelles et emplois” Opale November 2007
The trade in cultural goods in France
¾ Imports and the exports of cultural goods are taken, in France, from
customs records and include:
9 Books
9 Press publications
9 Music and video recordings
9 Musical scores
9 Musical instruments
9 Art works and objets d’art
¾ Trade in cultural goods with the rest of the world exceeds €2 billion
(since 2000 for exports, since 2004 for imports).
Adjusted for inflation, this trade grows regularly:
9 + 63% for exports between 1995 and 2006
9 + 43% for imports over the same period
¾ Only the trade in art works and objets d’art shows a consistent and increasing
surplus.
¾ More than 75% of the trade books, press publications, records and videos is
with the countries of the EU. Except for the exports of books, given the
extension of the French-speaking world outside Europe.
¾ The main target for exports of art works and objets d’art are the United
States and Switzerland
¾ The trade in cultural services is becoming increasingly important, particularly
the flow of rights and licences relating to music, films and audiovisual works.
Despite the lack of statistics on this subject, the Banque de France estimates that
in 2006 the income from cultural services came to €1.8 billion (including 1.3 for
audiovisual). Expenditure was €2.5 billion (including 1.5 for audiovisual). This nett
deficit has existed since 2002.
¾ In 2006, there were 8,633 export certificates issued, 24% for objets d’art and
23% for archaeological items
¾ In 2005, there were more than 6,000 titles released by French editors to be
published in a foreign language, (mainly to the EU, China and South Korea) while
there were only 1,191 titles acquired (mainly from English-speaking countries).
Source: “Les échanges culturels en France” Culture chiffres – DEPS 2007
15
PROVENCE-ALPES-CÔTE D’AZUR (1/7)
Overview of statistical data by sector
Note: the sums of data, given in the line “Totals”, are merely indicative and only intended to illustrate orders of magnitude. They should not be considered as a reflection
of reality, as these data do not include part-time performers. In addition, they may contain redundancies since some establishments may have been counted twice in different
sectors.
PANORAMA
All a ctivitie s in c lu d e d
S e c tors
Arc h ite c tu re
Cra f ts
P e rf orm in g a rts
+ s tre e t a rts
V is u a l a rts
(g ra p h ic & p la s tic )
Cin e m a - Au d iov is u a l
M u ltim e d ia
De s ig n - De c ora tion
Book s - Re a d in g
Art M a rk e t
Fa s h ion
M u s ic in d u s trie s
Na tu ra l
a n d c u ltu ra l h e rita g e
(P riv a te )
Nu m b e r of
e s ta b lis h m e n ts
S ta f f
3,500
100,000
5,300
105,000
6,000
Nu m b e r of
e s ta b lis h m e n ts
S ta f f
3,500
5,300
5,300
16,500
10,000
6,000
10,000
450
470
450
470
1,300
770
420
3,570
1,570
11,000
3,300
5,000
500
12,000
1,300
500
420
1,500
1,570
3,300
3,300
500
5,000
*
28,500
50,000
*
0.98 b n
18.3 b n
0.43 b n
4.27 b n
+ 3,400 artists
1.5 b n
2,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
1,900
7,200
1,500
1,750
432
1,000
23,472
56,120
Tra in in g
Tota ls
Tu rn ov e r
5,000
Na tu ra l
a n d c u ltu ra l h e rita g e
(P u b lic )
P h otog ra p h y
Ad v e rtis in g Com m u n ic a tion
Es tim a te d c u ltu ra l c on te n t
131,480
229,270
•These data also include professionals
in the press and printing industries
¾ We may consider that the total working in the cultural sector is around 60,000 people (excluding temporary performers), including more than 10,500 public
jobs (local government employees, excluding teachers).
¾ The number of temporary vacancies filled is around 20,000, by nearly 6,000 temporary staff
(see the paragraph on “Temporary performers”, pp. 105 and 106).
16
“Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur: an exceptionally rich cultural dimension.
Lifestyle, music and fashion... reflect this diversity”
Summary of key data
Source: PACA regional tourist office
¾ General comments on all branches of art and culture:
9 third largest region in France for people employed in cultural activities: Local authorities = 5,900 jobs, but 10,500 in sectors closely
related to culture (p. 93), making 7.2% of local government employees.
9 €717 M of public expenditure (2003) on culture, of which €213 M on the performing arts (p. 92), and support to 1,200 organisations.
9 Local authorities spend more than 4% more (2003) than the national average (p. 92).
9 Second largest region for cultural sponsorship, 10% of the national figure (p. 94).
9 Part-time performers: 2nd region in terms of numbers (p. 106).
9 Alpes-Maritimes: major departement in the region for design, and also ahead for contemporary art.
9 Var: 60% of the world’s production of musical reeds (40 million reeds per year from the departement)
9 Unique in France:
- The multimedia incubator of La Belle de Mai – Marseille.
- The ENSP (higher national photography college) – Arles
9 11% of gardens recognised as “outstanding” in France are in PACA.
9 France’s second largest tourist destination, €2.97 billion, in 2006 (income from heritage tourism)
17
Summary of key data
¾ Details of “traditional” professions:
9 Architecture: 10% (2,850) of the 29,500 architects in France are
in PACA (p. 28).
9 Crafts: 1st position nationally (p. 30).
9 Performing arts:
- 3rd region for the number of employers of professional
performers.
- More than 400 festivals and 1,700 troupes (p. 32).
9 Graphic and plastic arts (visual arts): second largest number of
artists (3,400 out of 42,000, or 8%).
9 Audiovisual – Cinema: second most popular region for making
cinema/audiovisual films, second most popular region in France for
foreign film-makers in 2006 (1st in 2005) and the second-largest
region for the production of sound and images.
9 Design: 420 establishments, providing 500 jobs (p. 51). AlpesMaritimes: major departement in the region.
9 Music: many festivals and prestige events, national and
international.
9 Books and reading:
- 2nd position for the number of publishers and 14% of
the national production of illustrated novels,
- 3rd position for the number of bookshops,
9 The art market:
- L’Isle sur la Sorgue (84), capital of the sector (boutiques and
art galleries, antiques and collectables fairs, and international
trade shows).
- PACA: 7.1% of the total lots auctioned in France (p. 56).
9 Fashion / Textiles:
- 3rd position in France for the number of establishments
(10% of the total are in PACA),
- 5th position for the number of staff employed.
9 Heritage (culture, nature and historic buildings): one of the crucial
factors for the attractiveness of the region to tourists
- 4 of the 10 French national parks,
- 400 museums : 1 for every 41,000 inhabitants as against 1 per
60,000 on average in France,
- 2,207 protected historic monuments: PACA, a region richly
endowed (map P. 80),
- 5 historic “World Heritage” sites out of 33 in France.
- MIP (International Museum of Perfume) – Grasse: largest
public collection in the world
9 Photography: 1,000 establishments, providing 1,700 jobs. Region much
favoured by photographers for the diversity of its landscapes and the
richness of its colours.
9 Advertising – Communication: France’s second largest pool of
information, after the Ile de France, for the volume of information and the
number of media present. 1,900 establishments, providing 7,200 jobs.
18
Summary of key data
¾ Research: 53 laboratories, centres of research and experimentation, including 15 for history, 10 (and 2 associations) for music, 11 cross-disciplinary and 4
for books and reading (details on pp. 126 to 128). The activities of certain laboratories illustrate the upheavals as well as the prospects offered to artistic creation by
new technologies (digital arts).
¾ Training:
(see details on pp. 122 to 126 + Training Appendix)
9 432 establishments*, providing about 1,000 jobs (on average)
9 Details of training by category:
Number of
ORGANISATI
ONS
Number of
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE
15
48
CRAFTS
49
166
PERFORMING ARTS, THEATRE & MULTIDISCIPLINARY COURSES
97
140
STREET ARTS
11
10
GRAPHIC AND PLASTIC ARTS (Visual Arts)
44
84
AUDIOVISUAL - CINEMA
35
80
COMMUNICATION
34
90
DANCE
42
58
DESIGN – DECORATION
24
45
BOOKS AND READING
19
31
CULTURAL MEDIATION, INSTITUTION AND ADMINISTRATION
18
36
FASHION
23
57
MULTIMEDIA
28
79
114
153
NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
14
39
PHOTOGRAPHY
10
14
6
16
Note: training courses are not standardised. Do not try to draw comparisons
CATEGORY
MUSIC
THEORY AND HISTORY OF ART
… 6 ,500 craft apprentices.
… 13,000 students are studying music, dance and
drama in conservatoires.
… crafts, music and the performing arts and especially
the ensemble audiovisual, cinema, multimedia and
communication dominate.
* NB: The number of organisations is greater than the number of
establishments. The number of establishments stated only takes the
private sector into account, whereas the number of organisations
includes the public sector in addition. Also, an establishment may
cover several organisations that in turn offer several training courses..
9 In total: 555 organisations*, offering1,099 training courses
19
Some indications of the scale of staffing - public and private sectors
¾ ARCHITECTURE:
9 Atelier Rudy Ricciotti – Bandol – 30 people
9 Greater Marseille planning agency (AGAM): 60 staff
¾ PERFORMING ARTS:
9 Conservatoire of Music, Dance and Drama of Greater Avignon: 100 teachers
9 Nice Philharmonic Orchestra: 90 musicians
9 Avignon Orchestra: 43 musicians, Cannes Orchestra: 40 musicians
9 National Dance College of Marseille: 29 people
¾ AUDIOVISUAL, CINEMA – MULTIMEDIA:
9 Action Synthèse: 40 staff in 2007. Activity: Film studio. Executive production. Full-length films - Marseille
9 Cityvox: 22 staff in 2006. Activity: interactive guide to outings and leisure – Marseille
9 Ulticom Europe: 47 staff in 2006 and more than 60 in 2008. Activity: Publishing development tools and language software - Nice
¾ THE MUSIC INDUSTRY
9 Harmonia Mundi (headquarters): SA – 46 M € turnover in 2006, 230 jobs – Activities: publishing and distributing music and books – Arles
9 Vandoren: between €20 M and €50 M turnover in 2006, 200 jobs – third-largest French business in this field - Activity: manufacturing musical instruments, Bormes-lesMimosas
¾ BOOKS AND READING
9 Actes Sud: SA – €28.7 M turnover in 2007, 130 jobs – Activity: editing and publishing books – Arles
9 Harmonia Mundi Livre: SA – €22 M turnover in 2007, 195 jobs – Activities: editing and publishing books – Arles
9Nice and Marseille Libraries: two Municipal Libraries with Regional scope (BMVR), out of the 12 in France (230 and 250 jobs)
¾ HERITAGE (cultural, natural and historic buildings)
9 Société Méditerranéenne des Bâtiments et Restauration (SMBR) – Nice – 50 staff (2006)
9 Parc Naturel Régional de Camargue – 35 staff
¾ ADVERTISING – COMMUNICATION
9 Publicis soleil – Marseille – Nice, 60 people
9 EuroRSCG 360 – Marseille, 65 people
¾ CROSS-DISCIPLINE
9 DRAC PACA – Direction Régionale des Affaires Culturelles: Local service of the Ministry of Culture and Communication – Nearly 150 people in 2009
9ARCADE – Agence Régionale des Arts du Spectacle Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur: 26 staff
20
Some regular cultural events of international repute
(details p. 120)
¾ Carnival of Nice (06)
¾ Festival of Sacred Music (06)
¾ Cannes International Film Festival (06)
¾ “Jazz in Juan” Festival (06)
¾ Nice Jazz Festival (06)
¾ MIDEM show (06)
¾ MIPTV/MILIA show (06)
¾ Dock des Suds: Babel Med Music and Fiesta des Suds shows / festivals (13)
¾ Aix-en-Provence opera festival (13)
¾ International Piano Festival in La Roque d’Anthéron (13)
¾ International Documentary Festival – FID (13)
¾ Marsatac Festival (13)
¾ Les Rencontres d’Arles (international photography festival) (13)
¾ International fashion and photography festival, Villa Noailles (83)
¾ Chorégies of Orange (84)
¾ Avignon Festival (84)
21
Some special regional features:
Alongside the great festivals, museums, conservatoires, orchestras and operas there are also noteworthy facilities, bodies and projects:
Bodies and facilities
¾ Centre des Archives nationales d’Outre-Mer - CAOM, Aix-in-Provence (13):
Projects
¾ Former abattoirs of Nice (06): plans to create a major centre for artistic
creation.
¾ Cité de l’Image, Arles (13): an international centre for photography and the
image. Aim: to make Arles the photographic centre of France. Expected
completion: 2011.
¾ Centre de l’Oralité Alpine, Gap (05): resource centre aiming to preserve the
existing oral record, develop collections on a theme and make this intangible
heritage widely accessible
¾CRM – Mediterranean regional centre, Marseille (13): cultural and conference
centre devoted to the Mediterranean. Opens: 2011.
¾ Cité des Arts de la Rue, Marseille (13): 11,000 square metre resources
centre with space for rehearsal, training and performance. Expected completion
in 2011.
¾ La Fabrique, Avignon (84): auditorium of 28,000 m² on the île Piot. Will also
serve as a reception and rehearsal space for companies invited to the Avignon
Festival.
¾ Maison des cinématographies de la Méditerranée, Marseille (13): under
construction. Will house: a music salon, museum space, a film theatre and a
library. Expected completion 2009.
¾ MUCEM – museum of the civilisations of Europe and the Mediterranean,
Marseille (13): largest museum of French society. Museum of arts and
civilisations. Scientific and cultural project. Expected completion late 2012.
¾ New building of FRAC-PACA, the Regional Contemporary Art Fund,
Marseille (13): Expected completion in 2011
¾ PAD – the Var departmental archaeological centre, Fréjus (83): a five-hectare
site to house the departmental archaeological service, the departmental
museum of Gallo-Roman archaeology, a site museum (the Saint-Lambert
cemetery) a documentation centre, public reception and the Heritage
Department of the town of Fréjus.
¾ Theatre des Libertés, Toulon (83): a 746-seat auditorium (professional dance,
music and plays) and two others of 150 and 220 seats (smaller shows, club
activities, talks and audiovisual showings).
60,000 maps and plans, 150,000 photos, etc.
¾ Cité du Livre, Aix-en-Provence (13): Libraries, record and video libraries,
multimedia centre, regional book agency and university faculty of bibliographic
studies.
¾ CIRM International centre for musical research, Nice (06): a research centre
recognised as a National Centre of Musical Creation
¾ CICL – Interregional centre for book conservation, Arles (13): specialists in
preserving, computerising and restoring historical documents.
¾ CICRP – Interregional centre for conservation and restoration, Marseille (13)
¾ CITL – International college of literary translators, Arles (13): residential centre
for translators from all countries.
¾ National Centre for Radio-Frequency Identification, Rousset (13): information,
standards, regulations, projects, collective action and services (monitoring,
training, support, advice and testing) relating to contactless technology.
¾ DRASSM – Department of underwater and submarine archaeological research,
Marseille (13): a decentralised national service under the heritage section
(archaeology sub-section) of the Ministry of Culture.
¾ ENS – national college of photography, Arles (13), unique in France.
¾ Rosella Hightower advanced dance school, Cannes (06), a world leader in the
training of classical, contemporary and jazz dance.
¾ Ecole Supinfocom, Arles (13) and Institut Ingémédia, Toulon (83): international
training courses in 3D animation.
¾ INA – Mediterranean national audiovisual institute, Marseille (13): catalogues
and inventories of documentaries related to PACA, Corsica and Mediterranean
countries.
¾ Maison des Editeurs, Arles (13): meeting-place and services for professionals in
publishing.
¾ Pôle d’Excellence Rural Pays du livre et de la lecture, de Forcalquier (04):
business service centre devoted to the book trade, cultural centre, writers in
residence, writing workshops.
¾ Belle de Mai media centre, Marseille (13): 120,000 m² devoted to creative
minds. Audiovisual and multimedia. Houses the only multimedia development
centre in France and a heritage resource.
¾ Five World Heritage Sites.
(…)
NB: Some of these facilities are illustrated and developed below, as we deal with that specific branch of the arts.
22
BENCHMARK France / PACA (1/3)
Source: Chiffres Clés des Statistiques de la Culture, edition 2009 – La Documentation Française
Positioning of PACA in France
All of this data is likely to differ from that presented in the detailed chapters of the panorama, because the sources quoted may well use different methods of calculation.
VISITS TO MUSEUMS OF FRANCE BY REGION (2007)
MUSEUMS, ARTS PLASTIQUES, LIBRARIES (2007)
Ile-de-France
PACA
Museums of
France
FRAC art centres
Libraries*
136
16
320
119
Rhône-Alpes
106
11
10
Registered
readers (borrowers
131
30.7
269,500
PACA
115
2.721
26,677
Rhône-Alpes
102
2.1
25,660
… other regions
…
…
…
Alsace
47
1.38
31,380
Nord Pas de Calais
43
1.4
40,040
17.8
14.8
6.8
Brittany
230
17.35
9.7
PACA
220
12.9
Admissions
Ile-de-France
15,497
5.23
Rhône-Alpes
2,744
1.59
PACA
2,207
1.14
Pays de la Loire
1,571
1.16
(in millions)
14.7
288
National average: 15.45
(paying and free admissions)
Performances
Staff (per 10,000
habitants)
Ile-de-France
Ile-de-France
VARIETY AND MUSICAL SHOWS - 2007
as % of the population)
359
Average number of
visits
375
MUNICIPAL LIBRARIES (2007)
Rhône-Alpes
Total number of
visits (in millions))
232
* Departmental, municipal and university libraries
(including 6 departmental, 6 university and 220 municipal in PACA)
Libraries
Museums &
annexes
responding
7.8
National average: 9.6
23
Source: Chiffres Clés des Statistiques de la Culture, 2009 edition – La Documentation Française
All of this data is likely to differ from that presented in the detailed chapters of the panorama, because the sources quoted may well use different methods of calculation.
TEACHING MUSIC, DANCE AND DRAMA – 2007 (CRR* and CRD**)
Schools
(number)
Total students
Music
Dance
Drama
Ile-de-France
30
29,558
25, 295
3,846
417
Rhône-Alpes
11
14, 790
12, 875
1,679
236
Nord Pas de
Calais
10
9,542
8,506
849
187
PACA
7
13,248
11,071
1,706
471
•CRR: Conservatoire,with regional influence
•** CRD: Conservatoire with departmental influence
HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE (2007)
Historic monuments
(listed, all grades)
Protected areas, ZPPAUPs*, towns and
regions of artistic or historical interest
Ile-de-France
3,779
51
Brittany
2,992
73
Aquitaine
2,726
70
Midi Pyrénées
2,593
31
…
…
2,156
49
… other regions
PACA
* ZPPAUP: Architectural or natural
conservation area
24
Source: Chiffres Clés des Statistiques de la Culture, 2009 edition – La Documentation Française
All of this data is likely to differ from that presented in the detailed chapters of the panorama, because the sources cited may well use different methods of calculation.
TEACHING THEATRE, MUSIC, DANCE – 2007 (establishments subsidised by the MCC*)
* MCC: Ministry of Culture and Communication
Theatre
Music
Dance
Total
Ile-de-France
43
104
1
148
Rhône-Alpes
20
44
2
66
PACA
14
43
2
59
Pays de la Loire
13
20
2
35
THEATRE: national theatres, national and regional drama
centres, regional theatres, grant-aided organisations.
MUSIC: opera houses, permanent orchestras, professional
musical and vocal ensembles, contemporary music venues.
DANCE: national choreographic centres.
LOCAL AUTHORITY STAFF IN CULTURAL JOBS (2006)
Total
Of which Heritage officers
Teachers
Ile-de-France
16,382
3,680
9,249
Rhône-Alpes
7,381
2,151
3,248
PACA
5,947
2,255
2,451
Nord Pas de Calais
5,431
1, 226
3,434
25
Players, key statistics, networks…
Architecture
Craft industries
Books and
reading
The art market
Performing arts
Graphic & plastic
arts (visual arts)
Audiovisual,
Cinema,
Multimedia
Design
Fashion
Natural and
cultural heritage
Photography
Publicity –
Communi-cation
(including street art)
Music industries
26
Ilustration of the connection between each of
professions dealt with and the four branches of the
cultural economy
Architecture
Craft industries
Performing arts (including Street art)
Graphic & plastic arts (Visual arts)
Audiovisual, Cinema
Design
Music industries
Books and reading
The art market
Fashion
Natural and cultural heritage
Photography
Publicity – Communication
(branches presented on p. 7)
1
Creative activities
Multimedia
2
Technical
resources
3
Events
4
Natural and
cultural heritage
27
ARCHITECTURE (1/2)
Key data: Architectural Activities
The profession
Profession: supervising, managing and building architectural works
Architected: must be registered with the Ordre des Architectes:
¾ Must hold a degree and qualifications as an architect
¾ Only person entitled to apply for building permits
3,500 establishments surveyed: “Architectural activities” representing about
5,300 jobs (Estimate based on SIRENE records)
Key data: Architects
2,850 architects listed with the regional committee of the Ordre des
Architectes in the PACA region making about 10% of the 29,500 architects
in France (80% of architects are men).
Distribution by employment status:
¾ 1,730 self-employed
I.e. 83% of the total
¾ 650 partners in an architectural firm
¾ 110 public employees, 120 employed by architectural firms or other
bodies
¾ 250 not employed in a professional capacity
Geographical distribution of architects:
Alpes‐maritimes 23%
Bouches ‐du‐Rhône 43%
Var 18% 2 Alpines Dpts 6%
Vaucluse 23%
(Alpes de Haute-Provence
Hautes-Alpes)
Source: “Observatoire de la profession d’architecte 2008”. National Council of the Ordre des Architectes
A branch which includes the professions of:
¾ Designing architectural projects, plans and buildings
¾ Town and country planning
¾ Consultancy
¾ Without employees: 78%
¾ 1 employee or more: 22%
9 3 establishments have between 20 and 50 staff:
- Architectes Associés
- Carta & Triacca SARL
- François Vieillecroze
9 Among the public bodies:
- AGAM – the Greater Marseille planning department: 60 staff
- AUDAT – Toulon planning department: 17 staff
- AUPA – the planning department of the Pays d’Aix - Val de Durance:
15 staff
- Var Architecture Planning and Environment Consultancy (20 to 50
staff)
¾ 25% of these bodies are located in the Alpes-Maritimes and nearly 40% in
the Bouches-du-Rhône (800 establishments in Marseille)
¾ More than 70% of the establishments are declared as self-employed
¾ More than 80% of the establishments have opened since 2000
Source: INSEE – SIRENE 2008 (NAF 71.11Z)
Specialist bodies
9 associations to promote, publicise and support architectural activities
Ateliers du patrimoine: Aix, Marseille, Nice, etc.
CROA: Regional Council of the Ordre des Architectes, Marseille
Forum d’Architecture et d’Urbanisme, Nice
Maison de l‘Architecture et de la Ville, Marseille
6 professional bodies for architects (one in each département). All are
members of the URSA-PACA: Regional Union of Architects’ Syndicates in the
PACA region.
Source: “Lieux de distribution de l’architecture - Répertoire 2003”
Association PIXEL 13
28
ARCHITECTURE (2/2)
Production cycle
Diagnosis
Programming
Definition of the need
between client and
architect
Analysis of the site
Design
1- Sketch
2- Brief preliminary study
3- Detailed preliminary study
4- Project
Tendering
Contract
management
Handover of
completed work
Site
1- Transformation of the technical Ensuring that the
contract is obeyed
project into a contract
2- Invitation to tender
3- Assistance in concluding the
contract
Guarantee of
completion
(1 year)
Artistic
decoration
Public bodies
Training
DRAC – PACA: Regional department for cultural affairs, Aix-enProvence.
PACA architecture network: a meeting of the statutory and nonstatutory bodies in the region (initiative of the DRAC PACA).
Six SDAPs: Departmental Architecture and Heritage Services.
Five CAUEs: Architecture, Planning and Environment Committees,
(departmental organisations).
A high-quality cluster of professional training bodies, consisting of: the
DRAC, the CROA, the ENSAM and the architects’ unions throughout PACA.
It offers extensive training (design and creation of the built environment).
ENSAM: Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture, Marseille – Luminy,
third largest architectural school in France (1,083 students in 2007/08)
SESAME: organisation for the ongoing training of architects (administred by
five professional bodies and the CROA), Marseille
IAR: Institut d’Aménagement Régional, Université Paul Cézanne, Aix en
Provence. University of Nice, Sophia - Antipolis
Sources: DRAC 2007 / Info-Archi-Paca
Proposed
Cultural buildings being planned:
¾ Construction of the “MUCEM” in Marseille by the architects Rudy
Ricciotti and Roland Carta, completion expected in 2012
¾ Construction of the Regional Contemporary Arts Fund – Marseille,
by the architect Kengo Kuma & Associated and the Agence Toury Vallet,
completion expected in 2011
¾ Construction of the Centre Régional de la Méditerranée – Marseille,
by the architect Stefano Boeri, completion expected in 2011
¾ Construction of “Cité de l’image” in Arles, by the architect Frank
Gehry, completion expected in 2011
¾ Construction of the “Cité des arts de la rue” in Marseille by the
architects Isnardon Lacube – Redondo, completion expected in 2011
¾ Proposals for the former abattoirs of Nice (06): a major project of
artistic creation.
“Equerre d’argent 2008” silver award presented to Marc Barani,
Nice architect for the completion of the Nice tramway interchange.
Source: Info-Archi-PACA
Model of the proposed Cité de l’Image,
Arles
THREE PRIDES
Model of the proposed MUCEM,
Marseille
(see details pp. 100 & 103)
Lifestyle in Provence, themes: among them, architecture and the environment are
linked to this branch.
Sustainable Mediterranean buildings, themes: construction, renovation and
evaluation of buildings in the region with an environmental approach,
Heritage and culture, themes: Engineering and distribution of culture / Heritage
(nature, buildings & culture)
29
THE CRAFT INDUSTRIES (1/2)
Les métiers d’artisans d’Art
Key data
Craft industries are registered with the Nomenclature d’Activité Française de
l’Artisanat (NAFA). This lists more than 250 craft activities, twenty of which are craft
industries.
Three criteria:
¾ A craft in the technical sense of a set of complex skills, learnt over time, based on
the transformation of materials.
¾ Production of objects that are one-off or in short production runs, of an artistic
and creative nature.
¾ For the professional, control of the work in its totality.
Number of craft workers in PACA: 100,000 businesses registered on the list of trades
in 2008, making 1/3 of the companies in the region, and 270,000 people actively
employed: i.e. 17% of the economically active in the PACA.
Nearly 16,500 of these are art crafts workers, across 5,300 establishments, including
1,000 Master Craftsmen.
First in the country for the number of art crafts workers: 16,500 (listed with the
Trades’ Register)
Divided into three categories:
8 749
¾ The conservation and restoration of historic buildings or objects.
¾ Traditional crafts.
¾ Creative crafts.
5 338
1 000
626
792
Some 217 craft industries are classified in twenty domains:
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Floral art
Performing arts
Folk arts and traditions
Graphic arts
Mechanical arts: Games and toys
Jewellery – Goldsmithing – Clock-making
Wood
Leather
Decoration (all materials)
¾ Instrument-making
¾ Lighting
¾ Fancy metalwork –
blacksmithing
¾ Crafts related to architecture
¾ Fashion
¾ Stone
¾ Luxury goods
¾ Terre
¾ Textiles
¾ Glass
Qualifications and labels:
¾ Label: “Living heritage enterprises” awarded by the Regional Department of
Trade and Craft).
¾ Label “Master Artist”, (awarded by the Ministry of Culture).
¾ Qualifications: “Master craftsman” and “Master artisan” have existed since 2003
and are awarded by the Chambers of Trade and Craft.
¾ Diploma: Meilleur Ouvrier de France (Diploma awarded by the Education
Nationale).
¾ Metfem: regional prize for creating or reviving jobs for women in crafts.
(Alpes de Haute-Provence & Hautes-Alpes)
51 businesses in the region are recognised as “Living heritage enterprises”.
In 2007, out of the 16,000 craft apprentices in the region, 6,500 are apprenticed in
art crafts.
This means 20% of all apprentices (in all trades) in training in PACA (total of nearly
33,000 apprentices).
Sources: Regional Chamber
departmental Chambers 2008
of
Trades
and
Crafts
&
Sources: Regional Chamber of Trades and Crafts & PACA Regional Council 2008 & “Schéma Régional de Développement Economique” 2005
30
THE CRAFT INDUSTRIES (2/2)
Specialist organisations
Training
CRMA: Regional Chamber of trades and crafts
Nearly 50 establishments offer training:
¾ A hundred CAPs offered
¾ About 30 BEPs – CMAs
¾ About 30 Professional Bacs
6 departmental chambers of trades and crafts
Maison de l’artisanat and des artisanats d’art – Marseille
These include:
¾ Fifteen training centres for apprentices (CFA) in the Chambers of Trade
and Craft network.
¾ 24 secondary schools and vocational colleges
¾ 6 HE colleges. E.g.: Ecole d’Avignon: centre for training in the
rehabilitation of historic buildings.
PRIDES
SEMA: Société d’Encouragement aux métiers d’art – Paris, awards SEMA
prizes: departmental, regional and national.
Events
Craft industry open days in PACA: 163 workshops, 139 demonstrations
of skill, 60 exhibitions on art professions, shows, talks, etc. http://www.jma2008.fr
(see details pp. 98 to 104)
Ceramic arts, trades and industries – Provence, themes: Decoration,
ceramics and earthenware.
Carac’ Terres, theme: socially responsible tourism and the land.
Art de Vivre en Provence, themes: including the related themes of
decoration and table arts, furnishings, perfumed products.
Biennale Argilla – Aubagne: the largest pottery market in France
Fête de la pierre et du patrimoine – Les Baux de Provence
Marseille Craft Show: 90 exhibitors
Nice Craft Show: 300 exhibitors
Advantages of the region
International Biennale of engraving – Digne-les-Bains
Arts and crafts contribute to maintaining local skills and traditions and
attract both tourists and finance.
9 Provencal fabrics
9 Moustiers fine tin glazed potery
Famous
9 Marseille soap
9 Cogolin pipes
names:
9 Grasse perfume
9 Aubagne miniature figures and
9 Terra cotta from Salernes
pottery
9 Earthenware and scents and
9 Ochres from Apt
International Biennale of art ceramics – Vallauris
Market for artists, potters and makers of miniature figures – Aubagne
fragrances of Provence
Theme forms part of the Regional Economic Development Plan (SRDE)
Source: “Schéma Régional de Développement Economique” 2005
31
PERFORMING ARTS (1/11)
General
comments
Key data
Contents
¾ General comments
¾ Employment
¾ Training
¾ Production (creation and promotion)
¾ Distribution
¾ Focus on music
¾ Street and circus art
¾ Infrastructures
¾ Geography
p. 32
p. 33
p. 34
of shows p. 35
p. 36
pp. 37, 38
p. 39
p. 40
pp. 41, 42
Establishments:
¾ Among the 6,000 establishments in the PACA there were 2,400
establishments with one employee or more, making a total of nearly 10,500 staff
in 2005.
9 Of these establishments, 89% offered live performances and 11%
audiovisual
¾ Significant growth in the number of establishments: up 60% since 1996,
compared with 31% average growth in the regional economy.
¾ Sector typified by small-scale establishments:
9 73% have no employees (self-employed, sole traders or not employing
staff …).
Performing arts activities
In show business, all impresarios must hold a licence (there are 3 of these),
allowing them to exercise their profession. Each profession is also divided into three
categories.
Number of licences active in 2007 (Note: the number of licences differs from the
PROFESSIONS
number of establishments)
CATEGORY 1
CATEGORY 2
CATEGORY 3
(Producer,
Tour manager)
(Theatre manager)
(Distributor of shows)
Licence 1
9
DISTRIBUTION
LICENCES
Licence 2
PRODUCTION
9
DISTRIBUTION
Source: Arcade 2006
Advantages of PACA
In 2007, it was the second-largest region in France for the number of part-time
entertainers and the number of employers.
More than 400 festivals and 1,700 performing groups.
386 Licences
(16%)
1,460 Licences
(59%)
Licence 3
¾ 32% are voluntary associations, 22% are commercial companies.
9
634 Licences
(25%)
1,020 Licences
The region enjoys the reputation of international festivals and a plethora of
artistes and local organisations.
¾ Avignon,
¾ Aix-en-Provence,
¾ La Roque d’Anthéron,
¾ Orange,
¾ Cimiez (Nice)
¾ …
¾ In 2007, nearly 2,500 licences were issued to more than 1,600 organisations.
¾ Licence 2 is the most often issued, at 59%.
Sources: DRAC PACA / Arcade 2008
32
Employment
PRIDES
3 PRIDES:
¾ ICI – Industries de la Créativité Innovation, themes: Interactions between
people and their digital environment: in private and public spaces – in shows
(see details p.101)
¾ Livres et Disques, themes: the book and record industries
(see details p.102)
¾ Pôle Sud Image, themes: Audiovisual, Cinema, Animation, video games
(See details p.103)
Employment in PACA
Paid staff
Les intermittents (Source: ARCADE 2007)
¾ 3 categories of work: artistic, technical, administrative
9 The administrative jobs are often permanent
9 The artistic and technical professions are often part-time
¾ About 30,000 paid staff in PACA in 2007, of which:
9 Nearly 10,000 permanent employees,
9 About 20,000 part-time.
- 30/40% are classed as professionals (more than 150 hours a year)
- 60/70% are occasional (less than 150 hours a year)
Note to the reader: Do not attempt to add these two sets of figures because
some people are counted twice.
The artists
¾ Professionals: more than 1,000 artists registered themselves on the
database “Réseau Culture” of the Arcade. Of them, 75% are in the field of
music, with a high proportion of groups and ensembles.
¾ Thriving amateur practices: 1,500 groups* in 2008, with nearly 500
chorales and more than 150 bands or orchestras.
Source Arcade 2008
*
Vocal music (chorales, choirs and vocal ensembles), instrumental music (bands, brass bands,
ensembles and orchestras), dance, modern music, traditional and world music and dance, theatre.
The French social security system recognises a special category of intermittents
du spectacle: part-time workers in the performing arts. Named in this document :
“temporary performers”
Note: there is no “official” count which can be relied on. So here they are
surveyed in two categories of people recruited for however long a period:
¾ 18,500 temporary jobs offered for shows (figures from CNCS - national
centre for stage costume and scenery)
¾ 5,650 temporary jobs offered other than for shows (figures from GUSO –
national Unédic operator)
¾ We have finally concluded that:
9 The number of intermittents in the region is about
6,000 people paid by the Pôle Emploi.
9 The approximate number of temporary jobs offered in the region
is about 20,000 (data used on other pages of this document)
(See also paragraphs on intermittents, pp. 105 and 106)
33
Availability of training
Training
The principal approved bodies are:
(see pp. 122 to 126)
Courses leading to a professional diploma or other qualification recognised by
the RNCP (National Register of Professional Certification)
Vocational training leading to qualifications from the ministry of Education,
Culture and Communication, or from the training bodies.
Diplomas from the National Education service:
¾ Literary Baccalaureate with an arts specialism (Theatre, Dance or Music)
¾ Technical Baccalaureate of music and dance, option instrument or dance
¾ Technological courses (BTS) and university courses (LMD) in three sectors:
9 Artistic: Music, Theatre, Dance
9 Technical: Sound, lighting, stage management, stagecraft
9 Cultural environment: Law, Management, Administration, Mediation,
Communication, etc.)
Other diplomas (especially in culture and communication):
¾ Specialist teaching provided by conservatoires leading to one of three
diplomas: music, theatre, choreography.
¾ Higher education leading to an artistic and/or teaching-related career: State
Diploma to teach music, dance or drama
28 conservatoires:
¾ 4 conservatoires serving the region (Toulon, Avignon, Marseille, Nice).
¾ 4 conservatoires serving the département (Aix-en-Provence, Gap and Alpes
de Haute-Provence).
¾ 20 conservatoires serving one or more communes.
8 further education and professional training establishments
¾ 3 HE colleges:
9 The Regional Actors’ School in Cannes.
9 The Higher National School of Dance in Marseille.
9 The Rosella Hightower Advanced School of Dance in Cannes.
¾ 5 training centres: Cefedem-Sud, CFMI, ISTS, CNIPAL, Piste d’Azur.
Source: Arcade 2008
Training bodies (2006):
Les écoles d'enseignem ent supérieur
Ecole d' enseignement supérieur des arts du spectacle
Ecole d' enseignement supérieur de danse
Briançon
Ongoing training
¾ 1,902 entertainment venues registered with the AFDAS* in 2007; 78% of
them are live entertainment venues
¾ 2,000 people (AFDAS 2007) were trained in that year;
60% were permanent staff and 40% intermittents.
Ha u t e s-Al p e s
Les centres de form ation
Gap
Cefedem
Cfm i
Cnipal
Piste d' Azur
Digne-les-Bains
Va u c l u se
Ists
Al p e s-Ma r i t i m e s
Al p e s-d e -Ha u t e -Pr o ve n c e
Avignon
Les écoles contrôlées
Conserv atoire à Ray onnem ent Régional
In addition there are 250 private dance schools in PACA (not
counted in the total of training structures in the corresponding
paragraph on p. 120).
*Training insurance fund for the sectors of culture, communication and leisure
Nice
La Roquet t e-sur-Siagne
Aix-en-Provence
Va r
B o u c h e s-d u -Rh ô n e
Marseille
Cannes
Aubagne
Toulon
Conserv atoire à Ray onnem ent Départem ental
Source: DRAC PACA 2008
34
Production
Production
About fifteen centres of creation, theatres and orchestras
¾ 2 other centres of creation for street art:
9 CNAR: Centre National des Arts de la Rue (with Citron Jaune and
Ilotopie), Port Saint-Louis
9 CNCAR: Centre National de Création des Arts de la Rue (with Lieux
Publics), Marseille
The entrepreneur 2 licence is the most widespread, with 1,460 licences, 59% of
the total.
50% of production bodies are in the Bouches-du-Rhône and 19% in the AlpesMaritimes
¾ And on a smaller scale:
9 1 National Centre for Cultural Creation and Distribution - CNCDC, in
Châteauvallon
9 4 Scènes nationales (regional theatres recognised by the Ministry of
Culture): centres of creation, production and distribution: le Merlan in
Marseille (13), the Scène Nationale in Cavaillon (84), the Théâtre des Salins in
Martigues (13) and the Théâtre la Passerelle in Gap (05)
50
Principal production bodies approved (by the: MCC, DRAC, Conseil Régional,
etc:
¾ 6 centres of creation:
9 2 National Drama Centres:
- National Theatre de la Criée (Marseille)
- National Theatre of Nice
9 2 National Choreography Centres:
- national Ballet of Marseille
- Preljocaj Ballet of Aix-en-Provence
9 2 National Musical Creation Centres:
- GMEM: Experimental Music Group of Marseille
- CIRM: international Centre for Musical Research of Nice
Sources: DRAC PACA - Arcade 2008
Briançon
Centre Chorégraphique National
Ha u t e s-Al pe s
Centre National de Création et de Développement Chorégraphique
Centre Dramatique National
Gap
Centre National des Arts de la Rue
Sources: - Etude Arcade : « Données et Territoires » - 2005
- Arcade 2008
¾ 4 opera houses: Marseille, Avignon, Nice and Toulon.
Production and distribution
¾ 3 permanent orchestras:
9 Orchestre Régional of Cannes – PACA
9 Orchestre Lyrique of the Avignon-Provence Region
9 Nice Philharmonic Orchestra
Centre National de Création des Arts de la Rue
Centre National de Création Musicale
Alpes-de-Haut e-Provenc e
Vauc luse
Opéra
Al pes-Marit im es
Orchestre permanent
Av ignon
Source : Drac Paca - Arcade
Nice
Manosque
Bouc hes-du-Rhône
Aire urbaine
© Arct ique
Var
Aix -en-Prov ence
Cannes
Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône
* MCC: Ministry of Culture and Communication
Marseille
ToulonOllioules
Sources of maps: DRAC PACA – Arcade
© Arctique
35
Distribution
Distribution
Performances on offer 2007-2008
1,020 licences for category 1 and 3 impresarios:
¾ 386 operators of performance venues (licence 1)
9 I.e. 16% of all licences
9 34% in the Bouches-du-Rhône, 28% in the Alpes-Maritimes
¾ 634 distributors (licence 3)
9 I.e. 25% of all licences
9 41% in the Bouches-du-Rhône, 21% in the Alpes-Maritimes
400 venues surveyed, for providing 150,000 seats (see pp. 40 to 42):
¾ 60% of them offer only musical performances.
9 Cafés-théâtres
9 Zenith arena theatres
9 Big tops
9 Rehearsal spaces
9 Opera houses
9 Clubs discothèques
9 Bars with a music licence
9 Bars / Restaurants with cabaret
9 Theatres
9 Multi-purpose venues
9 Auditoriums
¾ 3 Zeniths arenas offer 8,500 seats each. (see list p. 40)
11,560 shows surveyed (i.e. more than 23,300 performances made available
by nearly 1,100 distributors: theatre managers, event organisers, programmers,
etc.).
¾ 45% are concentrated in the Bouches-du-Rhône.
¾ 60% of the music events take place in the spring and autumn (Number of
shows: Spring: 7,128, summer: 4,089, autumn : 6,865, winter: 5,240).
¾ Strong predominance of theatre, variety and music
Les genres artistiques
diffusés par département
Arts de la rue
Danse
Musique et danse
Théâtre et spectacles
Arts du cirque
Musique
Pluridisciplinaire
Vaucluse
Var
Bouches-du-Rhône
Principal accredited distribution organisations
9 13 theatres including 4 scènes nationales (see previous page), 7 scènes
conventionnées and/or 10 regional poles for cultural development
9 17 venues for modern music
Alpes-Maritimes
Hautes-Alpes
Alpes-de-Haute-Pce
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Lieux pour les m usiques act uelles
Bri ançon
5
535 events surveyed:
Hautes-Alpes
Gap
2
1
Les t héât res
2
Château-Arnoux -Sai nt-Auban
Alpes-Maritim es
Vaucluse
Apt
Cav ai l l on
Manosque
Maubec
Arl es
1
Alpes-de-Haute-Prov ence
Av i gnon
Grasse
Air e u r b ain e
Ni ce
Sal on-de-Prov ence
Ai x -en-Prov ence
Var
Bouches-du-Rhône
Dragui gnan
illustrated on pp. 118 to 121.
¾ Forums and trade shows, three major events:
9 Midem in Cannes
9 Babel Med Music in Marseille
9 Forum of Modern Music in Toulon
Cannes
Istres
Port-de-Bouc
Source : Drac Paca - Région Paca - Arcade
Marti gues
Marsei l l e
¾ Festivals:
heavily represented in PACA, festivals are a powerful
attraction. There are too many to list in this document, but the most representative are
Toul on
© Arctique
¾ Concerts, expanded under the heading “Music Focus” on the next page.
Source: Arcade / Base Agenda 2007-2008
36
Music Focus
Rehearsal rooms / recording studios
101 rehearsal rooms.
72 rehearsal and creation facilities, including:
¾ Studio Répétita – Marseille
¾ Hyperion musical entertainment venue – Marseille
12 have been recognised as Regional Rehearsal Facilities (ERR), a quality standard awarded by the regional
council since 2003:
9 Centre Culturel Altitude 500 – Grasse (06)
9 MJC Prévert – Aix-en-Provence (13)
9 Le Bij – Hyères (83)
9 Passagers du Zinc – Avignon (84)
9 Le Café Provisoire – Manosque (04)
9 Studio Langevin – Berre l’Etang (13)
9 Cita del Rock – Sisteron (04)
9 Espace Babylone – Briançon (05)
9 Tandem – Toulon (83)
9 Le Grenier à sons – Cavaillon (84)
9 ACDC – Fréjus (83)
9 Association Impulse – Gap (05)
Concerts and musicians in PACA
Forty classical concerts scheduled in PACA during 2009
Nearly 1,000 artistes were registered on the Réseau Culture de l’Arcade
information base. More than three-quarters of these performers are in the musical
field, with a high proportion of groups and ensembles
There are about 1,520 modern* music groups, bands, ensembles or artistes in the
region, 790 playing amplified music, 470 jazz and improvised music, and 260 singers.
¾ 250 professional performers.
¾ Dynamism of amateurs: 1,270 perform as amateurs or semi-professionals.
More than 900 bodies (occasional or permanent organisers, local authorities, etc.)
organised a “modern* music” event in 2006.
Number of concerts
% selling tickets
% free
Distribution by type
of music (%):
Singing
Musical comedy
In France
2006
2007
2006
2007
1445
92
8
1848
90
10
25344
86
14
28305
86
14
2007
2007
33
38
5
4
Jazz and improvised
music
Pop-rock and similar
genres
Rap, Hip-Hop,
Reggae and similar
21
18
18
20
8
5
Electronic music
4
4
11
11
(excluding classical music)
World music
* The term “modern music” is generic, covering those musical forms also known as pop music, youth music or amplified music.
In PACA
PACA / France
(%)
2006
2007
5,7
6,5
PACA is the third
most active region in
France, a long way
behind the Île-deFrance but just after
Rhône-Alpes
Source:Centre National des Variétés - 2007
37
PERFORMING ARTS(7/11)
Musical training
Focus on Music
(Repeat of some information, already illustrated on p. 34, related to music. See also section on Training, pp. 122 to 126)
Some 265 bodies offer artistic, technical or administrative training in the field of music:
¾ 3 specialist training centres offer courses leading to a profession in music (musicians, performers, technicians):
9 IMFP – Salon de-Provence
9 Artist – Cavaillon
9 Pro-Musica – Le Thor
¾ 4 Conservatoires serving the region (CRR): Avignon, Marseille , Nice, Toulon.
¾ 4 Conservatoires serving the département (CRD) and 20 serving one or more communes (CRC and CRCI).
¾ 4 National schools of music (ENM), devoting part of their teaching to modern music:
9 Aix-en-Provence
9 Gap
9 Digne-Manosque
9 Avignon
¾ 1 Higher institute of theatre techniques – ISTS – Avignon
In-service training leading to a diploma in the techniques of live productions: stage technique, machinery, lighting,
sound, etc.
¾ Very many local authority schools of music, voluntary associations, arts centres and cultural centres organise
training for professionals and amateurs. 2 examples:
9 The Impulse voluntary school – Gap
9 The AJMI – Avignon
Source: Arcade 2008
38
Street art
Street art – Circus arts
Companies which regularly present shows are classed as “professional”. In total,
more than 200 bodies specialise in Street Art.
The Arcade directory lists:
¾ 37 street art companies
¾ 32 circus companies
2 specific accreditations awarded to street art organisations:
9 CNAR - Centre National des Arts de la Rue : awarded to Citron
Jaune and Ilotopie, Port Saint-Louis-du-Rhône
9 CNCAR - Centre National de Création des Arts de la Rue :
awarded to Lieux Publics, Marseille
FAIAR - Formation Avancée Itinérante des Arts de la Rue, Marseille :
the first training course in Europe totally devoted to street art.
A specific feature of Street Art is its very strong relationship to the space in
which the shows take place. So they develop themes around urban renewal, social
relationships on housing estates, the fabric of the area…
Infrastructure: Cité des Arts de la Rue, Marseille - supported by the APCAR, an
association preparing the Cité des Arts de la Rue (a project under construction):
a permanent space for working and training, and a resource centre for street and
circus arts
CREAC - Centre de Recherche Européen des Arts du Cirque, Marseille
Major events:
¾ Contemporary circus festival: “January in the stars”– La Seyne-sur-Mer
¾ Festival of Pyrotechnics – Cannes
¾ Festival of Gestural Arts “Les Elancés” – Istres
¾ “Circus in May” Festival – Martigues
¾ “Circus City” Festival – Gap
¾ The Cité will be a home for seven organisations:
Source: Arcade 2008
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Lieux Publics
Generik Vapeur
Karwan
Lézarap’art
Gardens
FAI AR
Sud Side
- Courses
- Promotion
- Workshops
- Events
- Residences…
(“Lieux Publics” and “Generik Vapeur” are nationally and internationally famous.)
¾ Building work began in 2008, completion expected in 2010
¾ A building of 11,000 m².
39
Infrastructures
The largest auditoriums in the region
Concerts: More than 1,000 places
04 ¾ Palais des Congrès, Digne-les-Bains
05 ¾ Espace Culture Le Cube, Gap
¾ Acropolis Auditorium, Apollon, Nice
06 ¾ La Palestre, Le Cannet
¾ Palais Nikaia, Nice
¾ Le Moulin, Marseille
¾ Le Pasino, Aix-en-Provence
¾ Auditorium de Palais des Congrès, Marseille
¾ Théâtre Nono, Marseille
13 ¾ Espace Charles Trenet, Salon-de-Provence
¾ Dock des Suds, Marseille
¾ La Halles de Martigues, Martigues
¾ Le Dôme, Marseille
¾ Hall d’Expositions, Brignoles
83 ¾ Espace 3 000, Hyères
¾ Zénith Oméga, Toulon
84 ¾ Centre Culturel André Malraux, Sorgues
(Listed by département and then by capacity)
3,300 places
2,100 places
2,500 places
4,000 places
9,000 places
1,200 places
1,200 places
1,205 places
1,500 places
2,082 places
2,500 places
8,500 places
8,500 places
1,000 places
3,000 places
8,800 places
1,000 places
Theatres, Dance and Opera houses:
More than 500 seats
04 ¾ Théâtre Jean Le Bleu, Manosque
691 places
05 ¾ Théâtre La Passerelle, Gap
850 places
¾ Théâtre de Grasse, Grasse
508 seats
735 places
06 ¾ Palais de l’Europe, Théâtre Fransisco Palmero, Menton
¾ Théâtre National de Nice, Nice
956 places
¾ Opéra de Nice, Nice
1,050 places
¾ Théâtre du Jeu de Paume, Aix-en-Provence 494 places
¾ Théâtre Comoedia, Aubagne
499 places
¾ Théâtre du Merlan, scène nationale, Marseille
544 places
¾ Le Théâtre, Fos-sur-Mer
582 places
¾ Théâtre de l’Olivier, Istres
582 places
¾ Théâtre Molière, Marignane
595 places
¾ Théâtre Gyptis, Marseille
638 places
13 ¾ Théâtre du Gymnase, Marseille
686 places
¾ Théâtre Toursky, Marseille
747 places
¾ Théâtre La Colonne, Miramas
760 places
¾ Théâtre de l’Odéon, Marseille
774 places
¾ Théâtre National de la Criée, Marseille
783 places
¾ Friche de la Belle de Mai , Marseille
9 La Cartonnerie
450 places
13
9 Le Cabaret Aléatoire
900 places
¾ Grand Théâtre de Provence, Aix-en-Provence
1,366 places
¾ Opéra Municipal de Marseille, Marseille
1,832 places
¾ Chapiteau Circoscène, La-Seyne-sur-Mer
586 places
975 places
83 ¾ Théâtres Jean Galli, Sanary-sur-Mer
¾ Opéra de Toulon Provence Métropole, Toulon
1,200 places
¾ Auditorium de Vaucluse Jean Moulin, Le Thor
635 places
1,200 places
84 ¾ Opéra – Théâtre, Avignon et Pays de Vaucluse
¾ Palais des Princes, Orange
503 places
Some subsidised venues* (Size variable)
Theatre and dance:
04 ¾ Théâtre Durance: Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban
05 ¾ Théâtre Le Cadran: Briançon
508 seats
06 ¾ Théâtre de Grasse: Grasse
¾ Théâtre le Sémaphore: Port-de-Bouc
¾ Théâtre du Pays d’Arles: Arles
13
¾ Le Pavillon Noir : Aix-en-Provence
¾ Théâtre des Salins: Martigues
83 ¾ Théâtres en Dracénie: Draguignan
¾ Vélo Théâtre: Apt
84
¾ Théâtre de Cavaillon, scène nationale: Cavaillon
Modern music:
04 ¾ MJC Café Provisoire: Manosque
06 ¾ MJC Picaud Studio 13: Cannes
¾ Le Cri du Port: Marseille
¾ Le Moulin à Jazz: Vitrolles
150 places
13 ¾ L’Affranchi: Marseille
¾ MJC Escale Saint Michel: Aubagne
¾ Café Musiques Portail Coucou: Salon-de-Provence
¾ Association for Jazz and Improvised Music:
84
Avignon
¾ La Gare de Coustellet: Maubec
¾ Grenier à Sons: Cavaillon
350 places
325 seats
364 seats
246 seats
303 seats
378 seats
615 seats
735 seats
120 seats
500 seats
300 places
350 places
135 places
271 places
300 places
360 places
150 places
250 places
Source: « Guide des salles de spectacle » - Régie Culturelle Régionale 2008
There are various titles and standards depending on the financing body: SMAC, EMA, PRDC, PRMA, Scène Nationale, Centre National, etc.
40
Geography
Auditoriums in the region:
Organisations approved or accredited by the DRAC and/or the Regional Council
36 venues in 2008 – The majority in the Bouches-du-Rhône and almost a quarter in the Vaucluse
41
Geography
The 337 auditoriums listed by the Regional Arts Board
Note: This map is not exhaustive. Venues accredited by the MCC / DRAC PACA are not shown.
Local authorities with auditoriums
Regional Cultural Development Centre (PRDC)*
Venues for modern music
accreditation given to networks of people
devoted to developing the regional arts policy
Note to the reader: this map cannot be used to tell the
actual type and size of auditorium. Do not try to compare
them.
Fond©IGN-Route120
CRPACA-DSI -SASP-PhilMat -07/2008
Source : «Guide des salles de spectacle » - Régie Culturelle Régionale 2008 .
42
GRAPHIC AND PLASTIC ARTS (1/2)
(Excluding Design and visual communication)
The professions
NAF category 90.034 “artistic creation relating to the visual arts” includes::
¾ Restoring works of art (paintings)
¾ The activities of independent artists, such as sculptors, painters, designerscaricaturists, engravers, aquafortists, etc.
Drawing, Textile design, Graphics, Illustration, Painting, Visual art, Sculpture,
Ceramics, Decoration, Engraving, Tapestry, Stained glass.
450 establishments representing about 470 jobs (Estimation Estimate from SIRENE
records)
¾ Nearly 90% are freelance individuals
¾ are craft workers, 6% are associations
¾ 6% of establishments have more than 1 employee
Types of
establishment
¾ ATEC - Workshop and school for restoring pictures, Chateaurenard (13): less
than 10 staff
Source: INSEE – SIRENE 2008 - (NAF 90.03A)
Key data 2008
PACA nationally:
¾ More than 10% of the painters in France
¾ More than 10% of the sculptors
¾ 6% of the graphic designers
3 ,400 artists categorised under “Graphic and plastic arts” :
2nd largest population of artists, after the Ile-de-France; 8% of the 42,000
artists nationally.
¾ 56 % men, 44 % women
¾ 34 % aged 20-40 ans, 50 % aged 40-60,
¾ 16 % more than 60 years old
¾ Region biased towards the graphic arts and painting with:
9 1 555 painters (46 % of the artists in the region)
9 850 graphic designers (25 %)
9 280 sculptors (11 %)
9 272 plastic artists (8 %)
Distribution by sex:
¾ Over-representation of women in ceramics (86%), decoration
(80%), and textile design (87%)
¾ Over-representation of men in graphics (60%), illustration
(65%) and sculpture (66%)
Advantages of PACA
The region has the 2nd largest number of artists in France
One of the highest concentrations of organisations for creating and
distributing art.
International reputation of PACA for its landscapes and their colours
Dynamism of the Var, Nice and Marseille in contemporary art
Contemporary art
120 temporary or permanent exhibition venues, including:
¾ 68 permanent exhibition spaces
¾ 31 occasional distribution facilities
¾ 22 places with artists in residence
6 festivals, events and nomadic galleries:
¾ Arborescence, Aix-en-Provence
¾ Festival Voies Off, Arles
¾ Art Dealers ARCA Marseille
¾ Galerie Ambulante, Marseille
¾ Instants vidéo numériques et poétiques, Marseille
¾ International encounters of multimedia arts, Marseille
6 art libraries and 7 resource centres
1,000 students in art schools each year.
Sources: Maison des Artistes 2008 & AGESSA2008
Source: Fonds Régional d’Art Contemporain 2008
43
GRAPHIC AND PLASTIC ARTS (2/2)
(Excluding Design and visual communication)
Specialist organisations
FOCUS on
FRAC: Fonds Régional d’Art Contemporain, Marseille
FRAP: Fédération Régionale des Arts Plastiques, La Seyne-sur-Mer
CRAP: Centre Régional d’Art Présent, Saint Raphaël
Programme of the Regional Council “Visual arts CAC” (creation support
committee)
ADDA: Association for the Distribution and Development of Art
Documents d’Artistes : a fund of documents centring on 200 graphic artists
living in PACA (www.documentsdartistes.org )
6 Centres of contemporary art:
¾ CIRVA - Centre International de Recherche sur le Verre - Marseille
¾ Collection Lambert – Avignon
¾ Espace de l’art concret - Mouans-Sartoux
¾ Villa Arson - Nice
¾ Villa Noailles – Hyères
¾ CAIRN – Centre d’Art Informel et de Recherche sur la Nature - Digneles-Bains
FRAC – the regional contemporary arts fund –
Marseille
¾ 2005: the FRAC’s "Hors les Murs" collection: 725 works,
365 artists.
9 31 exhibitions attended by 64,000 visitors
9 51 exhibitions and awareness programmes in schools
¾ 2007:
9 Exhibitions / loans in more than 20 countries
9 10 jobs
¾ 2011: handover of new premises, on the Euroméditerranée
site (architects: Kengo Kuma & Associates Agence Toury
Vallet – a National-Regional partnership)
Sources: « Guide d’Art Contemporain », Régie Culturelle Régionale 2005
& « A.B.C. de l’exposition », Régie Culturelle Régionale, 2006 & Report of
the FRAC’s activities 2005
Training
References
8 art schools (about 1,000 students a year):
Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Avignon, Marseille, Nice, Toulon
9 Arles and Nice are accredited “Ecoles Nationales Supérieures
9 The ESAA: Avignon school of Art: department for the conservation and
restoration of paintings
Painting: a region full of inspiration for Cézanne, Braque, Derain, Dufy,
Picasso, Matisse, Léger, Chagall, Vialat, Pagés, Dezeuze, the Nice School, etc.
Nice: Villa Arson, art school, exhibition centre and artistic centre for
international exchanges, artists in residence, etc.
Marseille: Galerie Athénor, the Roger Pailhas gallery
Around Toulon: Villa Noailles, Villa Tamaris, the Tête d’obsidienne gallery
Aix-en-Provence, Musée Granet: Cézanne exhibition, 440,000 visitors in 3
months (2006)
Arles, Musée Réattu: Christian Lacroix Exhibition, 140,000 visitors in 2008
45 secondary schools with courses in art.
2 university faculties: ”art history” and “visual arts” in the University of
Provence.
44
AUDIOVISUAL, CINEMA – MULTIMEDIA
(1/6)
General comments
Sources: extracts from the Panorama “Audiovisuel & Multimedia in PACA”, an MDER publication, June 2007
Key data
Contents
¾ General comments
¾ Sector-wide
¾ Sectors
9 Audiovisual – Cinema
9 Multimedia
¾ Maps
9 Audiovisual
9 Multimedia
pp. 45, 46
p. 47
2,100 audiovisual and multimedia structures in the region represent
jobs (excluding intermittents)
p. 48
p. 48
Audiovisual - Cinema
8,300
¾ 2nd most active centre in France with 400 films made in 2008
¾ Leading region in France in 2005 and 2nd in 2006/07
p. 49
p. 50
¾ 4,404 days’ filming in 2005.
¾ 39% of the foreign films made in France
¾ Nearly 1,300 organisations representing 3,300 jobs
Multimedia
¾ 770 companies employing 5,000 people
Activities
Human resources
¾ Cinema
production
(creation,
filming,
production,
postproduction of films, TV fiction and documentaries)
¾ 2D-3D animation
editing,
for the cinema and educational and cultural video
¾ Nearly 200 specialist training courses
¾ 18,000 image and sound technicians and artists (including intermittents)
¾ 3,500 students
games
¾ Production of content and applications for mobile terminals
¾ Video games
45
(2/6)
General comments
Production cycles
Audiovisual
Writing /
Development
Multimedia
Creation / Production of
content
Post-production
Image & sound
Shooting /
Filming
Production
Integration of content and
technologies
Development of application
software
Distribution / Publishing /
Broadcasting
Publishing /
distribution of content
Advantages of PACA
¾ Cannes international film festival (provided 16,000 jobs worth an estimated 800 million €
in business in 2006) and other international festivals (MIPCOM etc.)
¾ 4 fields of excellence in imaging: satellite, submarine, industrial and medical
¾ 2,600 hours of sunlight a year
Competitiveness centres and PRIDES
¾ Exceptional natural decor
¾ Platforms specialising in content-focussed industries
¾ One of the greatest concentrations of technological resources in the field of image and
sound in Europe
¾ Pro-active support by public authorities in welcoming the filming, financing and running
of audiovisual/cinema and multimedia facilities
World centre of competitiveness (+ PRIDES) Secure Communicating Solutions
(See details p.104)
- SCS (for the Multimedia part)
3 PRIDES :
¾ Pôle Sud Image, , themes: Audiovisual, Cinema, Animation, video
games
¾ 3D training: Supinfocom (Arles), Institut Ingémédia (Toulon)
¾ CMCA: Mediterranean Centre for Audiovisual Communication – Marseille: awards an
international prize for Mediterranean documentary and reporting
¾ Maison des cinématographies de la Méditerranée, Château de la Buzine, Marseille, under
construction on 3,972 m² in five hectares of grounds. Will have: a music room, 500 m² of
gallery space, a viewing room (350 seats) and a library. Handover in 2009.
Periphecal
¾ The only incubator on the theme of multimedia in France: The Belle de Mai – Marseille
¾ Livres et Disques, themes: Book / Disk Industries
(See details p.103)
(See details p.102)
¾ Heritage and Cultural, themes: Engineering and distribution of
Cultures, culture / heritage (natural, architectural & cultural)
(See details p.103)
Sources: Extract from the Panorama “Audiovisuel & Multimédia en PACA”, an MDER publication, June 2007
46
(3/6)
Sector-wide
Professional associations and networks
¾ ARCSIS, microelectronics
¾ GameSud, video games
¾ MedMultimed, multimedia
¾ Baby Smart, microelectronics
¾ Libertis, freeware
¾ SAME, microelectronics
¾ Pôle Sud Image, cinema, audiovisual
¾ MedInSoft, software
¾ Telecom Valley, Telecommunications
Specialist platforms
References
¾ National RFID* Centre – Rousset (13): to facilitate the adoption of RFID,
¾ Cinema: The Horseman on the Roof, Taxi, Marius and Jeannette, Plus
develop its use and coordinate initiatives nationally
¾ Pôle Médias de la Belle de Mai – Marseille: 30,000 m² of studios, offices and
technical facilities for image and sound producers and companies
¾ Studios Riviera – Nice: 70,000 m² multimedia complex (11 studios, 6,000 m² of
sound stages) and service providers
¾ Média Pôle d’Arles: 4,000 m² devoted to image and animation professions
¾ Paca Mobile Center, a shared test centre for mobile phones, approved by the
belle la vie, Brice de Nice, the Raid…
¾Reality TV: Nice People (TF1) at the Riviera Studios
¾Animation: The Magic Roundabout (the biggest French production using
film animation 2006: 20 M €)
¾Itinerant multimedia event: Mobile Monday Méditerranée, discovering
new technologies, new content, giving updates on the mobile phone
market and meeting other players.
SCS competitiveness centre
¾33 hectare Image Science-park Project in Cannes
* * RFID: Radio Frequency IDentification – this means using a radio frequency to automatically identify an object, animal or person.
Sources: extracted from the Panorama “Audiovisuel & Multimédia en PACA”, MDER publication, June 2007
47
(4/6)
Audiovisual - Cinema Sector
Sectors
Multimedia Sector
¾ 1,300 audiovisual and cinema production companies
¾ Representing 3,300 employees, not counting intermittents du spectacle
¾ 2 major categories of players: “Production and Postproduction” and “Service
Providers”
Large number of
very
small
businesses
and
sole traders
482 Service providers
¾ Region specialises in educational and cultural multimedia: companies operating
around interactive writing, 3D animation, animation films, digital sound, mobile tools,
educational games, etc.
¾ Nearly 770 companies surveyed, essentially medium-sized, small and very small
companies and sole traders.
¾ Medium-sized, small and very small companies, the heart of multimedia – account
for 500 businesses and 3,300 jobs (estimated).
9 The 110 companies with 10 to 49 staff represent more than 2,000 jobs.
783 production and postproduction companies
¾ Change in multimedia and convergence: the analogue activities are moving
towards digital. Aggregation between different categories of activity for content
from companies originally providing services. Example: TV on mobile phones.
¾ Distribution by category:
Production & Postproduction category (783 companies)
Service Providers category (482 companies)
Others*
Distribution / Publishing
¾ Players by category:
35
9 CIT excluding production of content: 265
112
Diffusion
151
9 Production of content: 245
9 Businesses with multiple interests: about 260
184
718
65
Postproduction
Internet providers
M
¾ Very high representation of audiovisual production businesses in the region.
Tendency to predominate because companies were surveyed by their main activity
whereas many producers also develop service provision.
Production of content
Development of application
software
MULTIMEDIA
PACA*
+/- 770 companies
* “Others” includes the categories: Laboratories/Consumables, SNG Transmission,
Reporting/Recording/OB, production logistics, Writing, image archives/banks, Sound
stages/studios, Casting/Extras, Location scouting/management
Audiovisual Sources: MDER data – October 2006
Production of multimedia content
CIT excluding production of multimedia content (+
68 players exercising multiple CIT activities)
Publishing content
Equipment, Supports,
Components
Services
Telecom networks & services
Multimedia sources: CCI and CRCI data - updated June 2006
Sources: extracted from the Panorama “Audiovisuel & Multimédia en PACA”, MDER publication, June 2007
48
AUDIOVISUAL, CINEMA – MULTIMEDIA (5/6)
Maps
Listing available on our website: www.mder-paca.com
49
(6/6)
Maps
Listing available on our website: www.mder-paca.com
50
DESIGN (1/2)
Many professional designers are independent artists, work within voluntary associations, are multidisciplinary, or
are difficult to identify within industries…
The professions
Design, one of the “Applied Arts”, is a creative activity whose
establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services
systems in whole life cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of
humanisation of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and
exchange.
Key data
aim is to
and their
innovative
economic
Source: Definition by the ICSID, International Council of Societies of Industrial Design
A meeting of disciplines:
¾ Design combines cross-disciplinary activities:
9 Architecture (space)
9 Fashion (textiles)
9 Craft (produced objects
9 Multimedia (graphics and computer
9 Visual arts (images, packaging)
graphics)
9 Cinema and audiovisual (image)
9 Advertising (graphics,
communication and visual identity)
¾ Professions in design are derived from:
9 creative and cultural professions
9 creative staff working in other sectors of the economy (industrial
designers, event designers, etc.)
… with innovation at the heart of the business.
“Design management” is the deployment of design in a company to help it build
its strategy and render it visible.
Artistic creation in design plays a variety of roles, from the very essence of the
concept to a simple input or as extra added value.
Dynamism around design, a factor for innovation for businesses, but a sector as
yet inadequately structured.
The 100,000 or so designers nation-wide can be broken down this way:
¾ 50% specialise in “Messages”: graphic designers, visual communication
¾ 30% specialise in “Objects”: products, textiles, etc.
¾ 15% specialise in “Spaces”: interior designers etc.
Not all the professionals in the sector are identified by the NAF code
“specialist design activities” (NAF 74.10Z). This covers the professions of:
¾ creation of models for textiles, furniture, ornaments and other personal
and domestic items
¾ industrial design
¾ graphic design
¾ interior decoration
420 establishments classified as: “specialist design activities”, representing
about 500 jobs (Estimate based on SIRENE records)
¾ 390 of them have no employees (92 %)
¾ 5 establishments have more than 6 staff:
9 Bergonzo Sud (13)
9 Paul Collier (06)
9 M.A. Studio (13)
9 Agence Michel Tortel (83)
9 Sud Déco (13)
between 6 and 9 staff
between 10 and 19 staff
36% of the establishments are located in the Alpes-Maritimes and 34% in the
Bouches-du-Rhône
Status: more than 40% are limited companies while 32% are self-employed
professionals and 15% are craft workers.
Sources: - INSEE – SIRENE 2008 - (NAF 74.10Z) - Alliance
Française des Designers 2008
Sources: APCI: Agence pour la Promotion de la Creation Industrielle 2008, Minami
Design, ICI PACA & Contre Allée
51
DESIGN (2/2)
Training
The MAAD Collective: Marseille Arts Appliqués Design. This quality label
covers the 4 high schools in the region which offer the DSAA: higher diploma in
applied arts. (Bac + 4 years’ study)
¾ Lycée Jean Perrin – Marseille
¾ Lycée Diderot – Marseille
¾ Lycée Marie – Curie – Marseille
¾ Lycée St. Exupéry – Marseille
Other establishments (35 employees 160 students)
(See details in the appendix on Training
¾ 6 art schools
¾ 6 centres of contemporary art
(See details p. 44)
¾ 1 International school of design, EID Toulon,
PRIDES (See details p. 100 & 101)
ICI – Industries of Creativity and Innovation, theme: interactions between man
and the digital environment.
Earth-based arts, crafts and industries – Provence, themes: Decoration,
ceramics and the use of clay.
References
FRAC PACA : Regional Contemporary Art Fund – Marseille
Villa Noailles – Hyères
International museum of perfumery – Grasse
Museum of packaging and printing – Valréas
Source: APCI: Agency for the promotion of industrial creation 2008
Events
Salon Archivision – interior design show – Marseille (2,000 visitors, 130
exhibitors -2007)
“Commerce Design Marseille” competition – CCI of the Bouchesdu-Rhône
Design Parade – international festival of design and fashion – Villa Noailles
– Hyères
Luxe Pack, luxury product packaging show – Monaco
Design in the House show – Marseille
Contemporary art show – Marseille
The design month, an annual event organised by the Contre Allée
collective, Marseille
Specialist bodies
ATLAS: Association of Technologies Linking Art and Science – Toulon
ARPAN: Regional association of professionals in the digital arts– Marseille
Bibliothèque Méjane: fund of documents on the craft industries – Aix-enProvence
Centre de design – Marseille
Contre Allée: designers’ collective of Marseilles
IED: Institut Européen du Design – Toulon
MINAMI Design: international Pecha Kucha Night network: developing a
platform for creation, exchange and distribution.
Zoom on industrial design
The businesses in the region make use of industrial design in their
production processes. A few examples:
¾ Eurocopter
¾ Beuchat
¾ Shark
¾ “Jean & Frasca design” created the Ferry Boat across Marseille
harbour
52
THE MUSIC INDUSTRY (1/5)
General comments
Contents
Key data
¾ General comments
¾ Record manufacturing
¾ Sales of disks
¾ Related activities
pp. 53, 54
p. 55
p. 56
p. 57
Professions
Recorded music Disks
9
9
9
9
9
Venues
Production
Publishing
Distribution
Recording studios
Sales
and concert production
9
9
9
9
Impresarios / Artists’ managers
Sale and hire of equipment
Rehearsal rooms
Concerts / Musicians
Related activities
Recorded music / disk sector:
¾ 245 companies in production, publishing, broadcasting and distribution (not
counting sales), of which 103 are recognised as professionals by the Arcade in
2008. They include:
9 133 production companies,
9 Nearly 20 publishers,
9 11 distributors,
9 101 recording studios.
¾ 213 record retailers
Venues and concert production:
148 businesses
¾ 69 producers - tour organisers
¾ 45 sound companies – 34 lighting companies
¾ 101 rehearsal rooms and facilities
¾ 1,850 concerts in 2007 and 1,520 music groups, including 250 professional
musicians (groups, bands, ensembles or performers of modern music).
Source: ARCADE 2008
Related activities:
¾ 94 radio stations
¾ 87 musical instrument makers, representing 71 establishments
¾ 265 structures offering musical training
(Not an exhaustive list)
9 Radio
9 Instrument manufacturing
9 Training
(Note: many organisations perform multiple roles)
Advantages of PACA
2nd largest region in France: very many festivals and high-profile events related to
musical activities (Festival Voix du Gaou, Jazz à Nice, Marsatac, La Roque d’Anthéron,
opera in Aix, Chorégies in Orange, etc.)
MIDEM: international record market – Cannes (and “NRJ Music Awards”
broadcast live from this event)
BABEL MED MUSIQUE: Forum of world music – Marseille
6 Regional Conferences on modern music since 2000 (at Gap in 2006)
Festival de l’Anche, Hyères (83)
53
General comments
Cycle of record production
Authors,
composers
and
performers
Use of the disk,
recording, studio,
mastering
Production
Selling
General
supermarkets, mailorder, Internet,
record shops,
Marketing Radio, TV,
internet, record
libraries, etc.
Diffusion
Advertising
agencies,
Management
PRIDES
Promotion
(See details p. 102)
¾ PACA Livres et Disques, themes: the book and record industries
Publishing
Use of the work,
administration of
rights
Manufacture
Distribution
Manufacturing
the disk
Logisticians,
distributors,
wholesalers
Conservation
Media libraries,
archives, etc.
Weighting by type of operator
¾ Region strongly oriented towards the production industry
Haut es- Al pes
Specialist bodies
45
Gap
¾ ARCADE PACA: regional agency for the performing arts, Aix-en-Provence
¾ PHONOPACA: group of publishers, producers and distributors. 25
members in 2008, Marseille
26
Al pes- Mar i t i mes
Al pes- de- Haut e- Pr ovence
Avi gnon
Vaucl use
¾ Departmental organisations
9 CDMDT 05,
9 ADDEM 06,
9 ADIAM 83,
9 ADDM 84
Manosque
Bouches- du- Rhône
Var
diDistributors
st r i but eur s
Edi
t eur s
Publishers
Gest
i on de
dr oi t
Copyright
management
Mar sei l l e
PrRecord
oduct iproduction
on phonogr aphi que
© Arctique
Toul on
Source: Arcade PACA – Pôle regional musiques actuelles 2008
1
Ai x- en- Pr ovence
¾ Cité de la musique – Marseille
¾ SACEM South-Mediterranean Regional Office, Aix-en-Provence
10
Ni ce
Tour
s
Tourneur
organisers
Aire
urbaine
Urban
area
54
Record
manufacturing
A widespread and original feature of the structures in this sector: 54% are voluntary associations and 46% are commercial firms, the majority of them
Production
limited companies
Record distributors
133 record companies and labels identified in 2007:
¾ More than 60% are located in the Bouches-du-Rhône
¾ About 14% in the Var
¾ Record companies: 55 are in Marseille (6 in Aix-en-Provence, 5 in Nice, 5 in
Toulon)
9
9
9
9
9
Among the19 largest bodies (nett turnover of more than 100 K€ each):
Le chant du monde
Arles
Souffle d’Or Gap
Emouvance Marseille
Virgo Music Marseille
Season of mist
Marseille
Sources: PRIDES Livres et Disques - 2008 / Arcade 2008
Music publishers
Publishers play a part in discovering new talent, and they are major players in
promotion.
11 structures identified in 2007 (NB: most distributors are also producers):
¾ 6 are in the Bouches-du-Rhône
¾ The biggest five distributors in the region make a total nett turnover of more
than 30 M€ (each of them having a turnover of more than 100 K€).
¾ Example: Harmonia Mundi (212 jobs), Arles, the largest record distributor in
the region. Its book/disk distribution activities represent 28 M€, more than 60% of
the total turnover.
Recording studios
101 structures surveyed in 2007 by the Arcade and identified in the Officiel de
la musique 2008 (IRMA).
¾ 43% are 10 years old or more
¾ 38% are less than 10 years old
Geographical distribution:
Some twenty structures were identified in 2007, the majority recently
created.
About
Marseille).
60% are located in the Bouches-du-Rhône (9 publishers are in
9 major publishing establishments (nett turnover of more than 100 K€ each):
9Grosso Modo Production
Aix-en-Provence
9Looping Production
Antibes
9Apela
Avignon
9Eliott
Hyères
9Ailissam
Marseille
9Street Skilliz
Marseille
9La Cosca
Marseille
9ADAM Production
Marseille
9La Boîte à Chanson
Tallard
Five structures generate a nett turnover of more than 100 K€ each (2006 and
2007 figures) with a total of 1.9 M€:
9 Imasud – Aix-en-Provence
9 Académie Musicale du Var (Europianos) – Hyères
9 Mike Music Production – Mougins
9 Studios la Buissonne (synthesis and creation) – Pernes-les-Fontaines
9 Régie Radio Conseil Multimédia – Toulon
Source: PRIDES Livres et Disques - 2008
55
Sales of disks
Sales of disks
213 points of sale of disks surveyed (2004 - Observatoire de la Musique – Paris)
¾ 21% are independent
¾ 23% are specialist chains – GSS (FNAC, Virgin …)
¾ 56% are general supermarkets (GSA)
The sale of new records represents 84% of the record market.
More than 4 out of 5 points of sale sell less than 10,000 titles
Sources: - Observatoire de la musique / Cité de la musique - February 2004
- Arcade 2008
Independent record shops
¾ 2007: 89 structures identified
¾ Distribution by department
¾ In 2007, the four largest independent record sellers in the region
achieved sales of more than 1.5 M€.
9 Rapsodie (Audica)
St-Tropez
9 Hit Import - Planète Rock
Nice
9 Arpège Musiques
Apt
9 Général Music
Avignon
¾ Two chains of record shops:
9 Harmonia Mundi
- 2 Forums: Arles and Aix-en-Provence
- 5 boutiques: Avignon, Hyères, Gap, Marseille, Nice
9 Planète Saturne, 4 shops: La Valette-du-Var, Les Pennes-Mirabeau,
Marseille, Vitrolles
¾ DEM – Diffusion Electro Musicale:
9 Wholesaler in Biot since 1965
9 Sales of more than 23 M€ in 2007
9 About 50 staff
Specialist record supermarkets (GSS): 34 points of sale
(15 sellers in Marseille)
(11 sellers in Avignon)
(10 sellers in Nice)
¾ 13 France Loisirs
¾ 8 Fnacs: Aix-en-Provence, Avignon, Cannes, Le Pontet, Marseille (2
Fnacs: Centre Bourse and La Valentine), Nice, Toulon
¾ 5 Virgin Mégastores: Avignon, La Garde, Les Pennes-Mirabeau, Marseille,
Nice
¾ 5 Leclerc book and record departments: Carpentras, Cogolin, Gap,
Hyères, Manosque
¾ 3 Cultura: Mandelieu la Napoule, Marseille, Sorgues
(7 sellers in Toulon)
General supermarkets (GSA)
¾ 31 structures generate a nett turnover of more than 100 K€ each.
9 Total turnover of more than 43.5 M€
9 More than 300 staff at all levels
Source: PRIDES Livres et Disques - 2007
¾ The following major supermarkets have record sections: Intermarché,
Champion, U hypermarkets & supermarkets, Carrefour, Leclerc, GéantCasino, Auchan & Galeries Lafayette (in decreasing order of the number of points of
sale in the region),
Source: Observatoire de la musique, 2004
56
Impresarios / Management
Musical instrument manufacture
69 concert producers and tour organisers identified by l’Arcade in 2007
16 enterprises generated a nett turnover of more than 100 K€ each:
¾ 118 M€ of turnover in total
¾ Employed about 40 permanent staff on average
¾ Some examples: Adam Productions, Fissure Prod’, Emouvance, Richard
Walter Production…
Sources Arcade / PRIDES Livres & Disques, 2008
Stage equipment: sale and hire
L’Arcade lists 45 sound companies and 34 lighting companies. Many of
them combine the two activities.
La Régie Culturelle régionale (Bouc-Bel-Air) in 2007: (see chapter “Main public
bodies in the region”, p. 96)
9
9
9
9
Related activities
Regional stock of audiovisual and theatre equipment
1,800 loans of equipment (650 of them free of charge)
About 40 public or private agents
Budget of 2.5 M€
Sources: Arcade 2008 / Régie Culturelle 2007
Radio stations
94 radio stations in the region:
¾ 5 national radio channels have 20 regional stations (Chérie FM, NRJ, etc.)
¾ 10 stations in the Radio France group
¾ Many local radio channels have high listener figures
NAF category 32.20 Z “Manufacture of musical instruments” covers:
¾ Manufacture of string instruments (including keyboards and player pianos),
wind instruments, percussion, etc.
¾ Manufacture of instruments whose sound is produced electronically
¾ Manufacture of parts and accessories…
71 establishments representing about 267 jobs (Estimate based on SIRENE files
2008)
¾ Nearly 80% are craftsmen and tradesmen
¾ 32% of establishments are in the Bouches-du-Rhône and 23% in the Var.
¾ 45% are violin and guitar makers, 8.5% are organ-builders
L’Arcade lists 87 instrument makers: “The manufacture of instruments
represents a major economic vector for the region. The sale of musical
instruments is rocketing. The Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region is in second
position nationally, behind the Ile-de-France, both in the quantity of instruments
manufactured and in their quality.”
Source: SIRENE – 2008
6 businesses have more than 10 staff:
¾ Manufacture of double basses and cellos: Sté ATNI, 23 staff, in Six-Fours (83). Unique instruments using carbon fibre.
¾ Four companies in the Var manufacture mainly reeds (Var: 60% of the world
production of reeds, with 40 million a year).
9 Vandoren: 183 staff. 2006 turnover between 20 and 50 M€ - Bormesles-Mimosas (third largest manufacturer in France)
9 ETS Rigotti – 14 staff – Cogolin
9 Marca et Cie – 11 staff – Ollioules
9 Roso France – 18 staff - Hyères
¾ One organ manufacturer in the Vaucluse:
9 Orgues Pascal Quoirin – 13 staff – Saint Didier
Source: Arcade 2008
57
General
comments
BOOKS AND READING (1/8)
Contents
Jobs
¾ General comments
¾ Publishing
¾ Distribution
¾ Bookshops
¾ Libraries and archives
¾ Public reading (Addition to the paragraph on libraries)
¾ Literary life
p. 58 & 59
p. 60
p. 61
p. 62
p. 63
p. 64
p. 65
Sectors
Books
Literary life
2,300 establishments
8,500 jobs
622 establishments
2,000 jobs
Nearly 650 writers
- Publishing
- Bookshops
- Printing
- Reproduction
- Journalism…
- Bookshops
- Writers
- Events
(90% of them in printing))
¾Publishing, printing, reproduction, journalism, etc: 4.4% of the industrial added
value in the region (lower proportion than the national one of 5.2%)
Source: INSEE 2005
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Writers
Publishers
Distributors – broadcasters
Booksellers
Librarians – Archivists (included in the category Literary life)
Event organisers (voluntary groups)
Key data on jobs
In total, excluding printing, the cultural part of the sector seems to represent
nearly 1,500 establishments (people and organisations) generating about 4,500 jobs.
By trade:
¾ Writers:
9 115 writers were members of AGESSA in 2008, about 6% of the 1,900 writers
registered in France. (55% are men)
9 About 550 authors with books with a publisher live in the region (selfpublishing is not taken into account)
¾ Publishers:
9 213 publishing houses representing more than 570 jobs (2nd ranking
nation-wide)
9 Issued 2,300 books in 2007 and have more than 24,500 books on their
catalogues.
¾ Distributors:
9 2 wholesalers, 10 distributors
9 Represent about 200 jobs and turnover of more than 40 M€
¾ Bookshops:
9 241 bookshops represent nearly 720 jobs (62% between 1 and 5 staff, 16%
more than 5 staff)
9 More than 3,000 points of sale
¾ Literary life:
9 622 libraries, media centres and drop-in-libraries.
9 In 2005, 286 libraries provided a total of 2,039 full-time-equivalent jobs
9 231 training centres and writing workshops in 2007
¾ Events: 740 events in 2009 on the subject of books and reading, more than 100 of
them recurrent.
Sources ARL 2008 / MDER – PRIDES Livres & Disques 2008
58
General
comments
BOOKS AND READING (2/8)
Cycle of book production
(See definitions and distribution, p. 61)
Sales
Bookshops, mailorder, Internet,
supermarkets,
etc.…
Promotion
Authors
Publishing houses
Publishing
Diffusion
Bookshops
Fabrication
Distribution
Printers,
bookbinders
Transporters,
distributors,
wholesalers
Events
Public
reading &
conservation
Resource centres,
Libraries, archives …
PRIDES
(See details p. 102)
Livres et Disques PACA, book and record industries.
Advantages of PACA
The vitality and dynamism of publishing: small, newly-created businesses and major
companies (Harmonia Mundi, Actes Sud, MC Productions, Panini France…)
Many groups of professionals in the book and writing professions, including: around
Forcalquier (04) and Arles (13).
Banque Régionale du Livre PACA
Regional support to publishers and booksellers.
Importance of publishing (second largest number of publishers in France)
Many events promoting books (98 in 2007)
E.g: Les Rencontres du 9ème Art: international festival of illustrated novels in Aix-enProvence
“Chéquier Ciné-Lecture” scheme by the Regional Council to encourage access by
300,000 young people and students to cultural resources
Specialist bodies
ARL: Regional Book Agency – Aix-en-Provence
CICL: Inter-regional Centre for Book Conservation– Arles
CITL: International College of Literary Translators - Arles
International Poetry Centre – Marseille
European Poetry Centre– Avignon
Polytechnic of the book trade: Université de la Méditerranée –
Aix-en-Provence
Libraires du sud: a network of 48 booksellers
Groups of publishers: Jedi Paca Editeurs sans Frontières
Sources: MDER / PRIDES Livres et & Disques 2008
59
Publishin
g
Key data – Publishing
Publishing in PACA by literary genres:
213 publishing houses providing more than 570 jobs
% P ACA
40
30
20
10
0
All literary genres are present: in 2008, 2,100 books were published by
companies in the region, making about 5% of the national production
National position: PACA represents about 14% of the production of
illustrated novels, 6.5% of literature, and 6% of art books… (ARL figures – given by
Ra tio P a ca / F r
8 publishers are among the 200 major publishers in France:
¾ Actes Sud, Editions de l’Aube, Equinoxe, Images en manoeuvres éditions,
Soleil – MC production, Panini France S.A., Editions Philippe Picquier, Le Souffle
d’Or
¾ 260 staff, total turnover of 250 M €, making about 1% of the national total
¾ 55% of the regional production in 2007 with more than 1,200 titles
published.
¾
¾
¾
¾
Actes Sud in 2007:
128 staff
Turnover of more than 28.5 M €
530 new titles
More than 6,500 titles on its catalogue
Maison des éditeurs in Arles: incubator in the former SNCF workshops
an
um
Li
5 publishers’ groups:
Editeurs sans frontières (12 publishers)
JEDI Paca (5 publishers)
Editer en Haute-Provence (7 publishers)
Editer en Vaucluse (8 publishers)
Soleda (5 publishers in Marseilles)
H
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Sc
ie
number of titles published)
% F ra n ce
nc
te e s
ra
tu
re
Yo
ut
h
Pr
a
S c c tic Art
s
a
ie
n c l bo
Il l e a oks
us
n
tra d t
R
t
e ...
el
ig d n
io
o
ns v e
a n ls
d
s.
..
BOOKS AND READING (3/8) :
¾ Literature is a clear leader with 1/3 of books published (2003), followed by
Human and Social Sciences (19%) and cartoon novels (13%).
Analysis of the sector
(Study by ARL 2004, sample of 172 publishing houses. Excludes self-publishing)
Legal status:
¾ 95% are private bodies, including 50% limited companies and 35% with nonprofit-making status.
¾ 5% of public bodies are universities, teachers’ resource centres, art schools and
museums.
Jobs:
¾ 72% of publishers have a staff of 1 to 5 employees (only Actes Sud exceeds 100)
¾ 60% of publishers have been in existence for between 1 and 12 years, but the
larger ones have existed for more than 12 years.
¾ 6 publishers have more than 500 titles: Edisud, Aube, Actes Sud, Aix-Marseille
University 1 Publications, Soleil (illustrated novels) and the Presses du Midi.
Sources ARL / MDER - PRIDES Livres & Disques 2008
Sources: ARL Key statistics 2004-2006 / www.livre-paca.org / Dazibao No.3: December 2004
60
Distribution
Definitions – Distribution and diffusion
The distributor manages the flow of information, the flow of physical objects
and money relating to the book trade.
Diffusion means all the commercial and communication operations in the
various sales networks.
Many companies manage both activities.
In France, 5 distributors account for 80% of the market: Hachette, Interforum,
Sodis, Volumen and Union Distribution
2 wholesalers
Storage points which form part of the circuits of distribution, holding
works from numerous publishers, and supplying to customers.
¾
9
9
¾
9
Libre-Service Hachette (LSH):
Limited company created in 1993,
Based in Septèmes-les-Vallons (13)
Interforum Marseille –Editis
A limited company based in Bouc-Bel-Air (13)
Key data
12 distribution and diffusion companies and wholesalers
¾ Employ about 200 people
¾ Have a combined turnover of more than 40 M €
the four largest distributors - diffusers in the region in 2007 were:
¾ Harmonia Mundi Livre (SA) – Arles (13)
9 Harmonia Mundi Livre (SA) – Arles (13)
9 Their book activity has built up a turnover of 22 M€, making more than 48%
of total sales
9 Distribute and diffuse for fifty publishers with 5,000 points of sale in France
(Source: Infogreffe)
9 Employs some of the 195 staff of the group
9 An important factor nationally
9 Actes Sud – Arles (13)
9 Employs some of the 128 staff of the company
9 Distribution represents 21% of turnover
9 Mariani Pinelli Provence – Les Pennes Mirabeau (13)
9 14 staff
9 Turnover: 5.2 M€
9 Groupe Calade Distribution – Aix-en-Provence (13)
9 11 staff
9 Turnover: 3.3 M€
Analysis of the regional sector
Research among publishers
¾ 55 % have a diffuser, 50 % have a distributor
¾ 63 % have recourse to self-distribution
Research among bookshops
¾ The leading suppliers to the bookshops of the region are the five largest
distributors in France. Hachette is the leading supplier for 50% of them.
¾ 94% of booksellers state that they work with self-distributing publishers.
Sources: ARL, Key statistics 2004-2006 / www.livre-paca.org / Dazibao No.16 – March 2008 &
MDER – PRIDES Livres & Disques 2008
61
Bookshop
s
Key data – Bookshops
¾ A dynamic sector
9 45% of bookshops have been founded since 2000
9 53% are 10 years old or more
¾ Staffing
9 12% have no employees
9 70% have between 1 and 10 staff
9 7% of bookshops employ more than 10 people
¾ Groups
In 2008, the PRIDES Livres & Disques studied a wider spectrum of
bookshops:
¾ 241 bookshops.
¾ Representing 720 jobs.
9 Libraires du sud (46 bookshops)
9 Libraires à Marseille (13)
9 Libraires à Nice (11)
¾ Specialisation - 2004
9 68% are generalist bookshops
9 32% specialise: 27% % of these specialise in
cartoon books
18 bookshops were among the 400 leading bookshops in France (2008):
¾ about 250 jobs and a turnover of nearly 41 M €
¾ 5 are based in Aix-en-Provence and 4 in Marseille
¾ Stock - 2004
9 17% hold stock greater than 50,000 works
9 5 bookshops have more than 100,000 books in
stock
3rd most important region in France after the Île-de-France and RhôneAlpes, with 1,950 establishments classified as “Retailers of books, periodicals
and stationery”. (NAF 2003: 52.4R)
The Agence Régionale du Livre and the Ministry of Culture and
Communication count the “Points of sale presenting a large assortment of
titles and selling essentially books”. There were about 200 establishments in
2008.
¾
¾
¾
¾
The leading 4:
Librairie de Provence, Aix-en-Provence: 5.5 M€ in 2007, 32 staff
Gilbert Joseph, Marseille: 2.8 M€, 23 staff
Maupetit – Actes Sud, Marseille: 34 M€, 22 staff
Sorbonne Privat, La Garde: 2.6 M€, 18 staff
Sources: Books Hebdo 2008 / ARL 2008 / PRIDES Livres & Disques 2008
Sources: ARL, Key statistics 2004-2006 / www.livre-paca.org / Dazibao No.5 – June 2005 / MDER
– PRIDES Livres & Disques 2008
Geographical distribution
Location of the 241 bookshops
(Marseille (46 bookshops), Aix
(18), Arles (4) and Salon (4),
account for 75% of the
bookshops in the Bouches-duRhône.)
62
Libraries and
archive
Key data – Libraries
622 libraries, resource centres and drop-in-libraries for the 963 communes
in the region.
(Levels of classification depend on several
9 87 level-1 libraries
criteria, including: the surface area / cost in
euros per inhabitant / opening hours / trained
staff / …)
9 294 drop-in-libraries and book deposits
9 6 Departmental lending libraries (BDPs)
¾ In 2005, 286 Municipal libraries (BMs) employed 2,039 full-time equivalent
staff
¾ 5 Municipal Libraries are classified for the range of their stock: Aix-enProvence, Avignon, Carpentras, Nice et Marseille
¾ 2 are Municipal Libraries intended to serve the region (BMVRs)
9 Alcazar de Marseille
(250)
Staff:
9 Nice
(230)
¾ 6 university libraries
¾ The Departmental lending library of Bouches-du-Rhône employs 45 people
Source : ARL 2005 - 2008
Key data – Archives
6 departmental archive services:
9 Avignon (84)
9 Digne-les-Bains (04)
9 Draguignan (83)
Cinémémoire, a voluntary association, has with the help of the Regional Council
created a portal for audiovisual archives in PACA: http://archives-films-paca.net/
Library and archive management (private establishments )
"Library and archive management": (NAF 91.01Z) is a category that includes:
9 Documentation and information services in all types of libraries
9 Loan and storage of books, maps, periodicals, films, disks, cassettes, art
works, etc.
9 Research activities to respond to requests for information
9 Photographic and cinematographic libraries and archive services
9 Managing the catalogues of collections
¾ 105 public and private establishments categorised under "Library and archive
management" representing some 258 jobs (Estimated from SIRENE database)
9 70 % have one member of staff
9 30 % have more than 1 member of staff
¾ The Var and the Bouches-du-Rhône each account for about 30% of these
establishments
9 Gap (05)
9 Marseille (13)
9 Nice (06)
74 territorial archive services
CAOM : National Overseas Archive Centre - Service intended to serve the
nation based in Aix-en-Provence (part of the Ministry of Culture)
¾ 37 km shelving
¾ 60,000 maps and plans
¾ 150,000 photographs
¾ 100,000 printed books
Association of French Archivists, PACA – Corsica regional group: in the
process of creating a guide to the services and archive sources in the region.
La Vieille Charité centre is home to the regional fund of INA Méditerranée
¾ 60,000 documents
¾ 30,000 of archive recordings
Source: SIRENE 2008
Specialist bodies
CRFCB: Regional librarianship training centre – Marseille
ABF PACA: French library association - PACA branch
COBIAC: Collective of librarians involved in the arts
ADBS: Association of librarians and information specialists - regional branch
Presence in Arles of the International College of Literary Translators
The Cité du Livre in Aix-en-Provence houses the: Bibliothèque Méjane (Albert
Camus archives), the Agence Régionale du Livre, and the "Book professions"
polytechnic
CDHA: Centre for historic documentation on Algeria – Aix-en-Provence
63
Public
reading
The reading public (appendix to the paragraph on libraries)
National data:
¾ 286 municipal libraries.
¾ 209 of them serve 81% of the population
9 9,3 M€ in acquisitions
9 1,922 jobs, 9% of the national share
9 13.2 M loans to 771,000 registered users
9 Reach 20% of the inhabitants of the region (registered users)
9 Rate of registered readers who are borrowers (2007): 12.9%
¾ 4,390 public libraries, of which 4,285 municipal and 97
departmental
¾ Books: collection – 105 M (municipal libraries)
¾ 185 M loans to 5.3M registered users (sample of 2,500
municipal libraries)
¾ Rate of registered readers who are borrowers: National
average: 15.5%
Source : MCC – 2009: key figures 2007
Municipal and departmental libraries
(snapshot on partial figures in 2005, based on
269 respondents)
VAR
VAUCLUSE
9 82% computerised
9Public internet access 42%
92.5 euros / inhabitant
9Loan 3.83 documents / inhabitant
91 paid member of staff for every 1,925 inhabitants plus 252
9Serve 78% of the population
969% computerised
91 paid member of staff for every 2,009 inhabitants
9Reach 22.5% of the population
9Reach 14% of the population
9 Serve 61% of the population
volunteers
plus 132 volunteers
ALPES DE HAUTE-PROVENCE
975% computerised
91 paid member of staff for every 1,582 inhabitants, 51 FTE staff
and 62 volunteers
BOUCHES-DU-RHÔNE
9Serve 95% of the population
985% computerised
91 paid member of staff for every 1,749 inhabitants and 329
volunteers
HAUTES-ALPES
2005:
Sample of 269
municipal
libraries
925% computerised
92 euros / inhabitant
9Loan 5 documents / inhabitant
91 paid member of staff and 13 volunteers for every 2,659
inhabitants
ALPES-MARITIMES
997% computerised
91 paid member of staff for every 1,967 inhabitants and 59
volunteers
Source : ARL, Dazibao No.11 – December 2006, based on a study conducted by the DRAC in 2006 on 286 communes with a population of 3.8 M inhabitants..
64
Literary life
Events in libraires
In general, libraries display great vitality:
1989
Literary events
Attendance has doubled since
Of the 234 libraries surveyed in 2004-2005 by the ARL, 88% staged events
740 events recorded in 2009 by the ARL: Shows, festivals, book days or festivals
¾ 100 of them are recurrent
¾ Several events are devoted to the illustrated novel, very active in the region
Lire en Fête : 143 events (2005), during the 3 days of this national initiative
¾ 50% run by libraries, presenting 189 activities as part of the event
Number of
activities
¾ 17% were concerts/stage shows,
¾ 16.5% were exhibitions…
Le printemps des poètes, national annual event:
¾ Next event: 12th Printemps des Poètes, from 8 to 21 March 2010. Theme:
“Couleur femme”
¾ Involvement in PACA in 2005: 31 libraries ran 122 activities: 28% were public
readings, 20.5% were meetings with authors…
Source : ARL, Dazibao No.4, March 2005
30 libraries, 30 bookshops and 30 secondary schools took part in the
Regional Council’s pupils’ literary prize
Numerous partnerships between libraries, schools and arts bodies
Source: ARL, Dazibao No.11, December 2006
65
THE ART MARKET (1/3)
Key data
Professions
The INSEE records the activities and establishments involved in the art
market in three categories:
¾ Retailers of second-hand goods in shops (47.79Z)
¾ Other miscellaneous specialist retailers (47.78C)
¾ Other retailers on stalls and markets (47.89Z)
This includes: the activities of commercial art galleries, retailing objets
d’art, retailing second-hand books, retailing antiques, second-hand goods, retail
antiques, auction rooms…
In total, this sector represents nearly 1,570 private businesses
¾ 803 Antique dealers
¾ 49 Sellers of old jewellery
¾ 230 Second-hand dealers
¾ 33 Auctioneers (20 auction rooms)
¾ 51 Bookshops specialising in old editions
¾ 53 Experts in objets d’art and antiques
¾ 327 Art galleries
¾ 18 Transporters of objets d’art
Sources: www.curiositel.com 2007 & www.pagesjaunes.fr 2008
This classification does not allow these activities to be selected out with
precision, as these codes cover a total of more than 12,000 art establishments
Source : INSEE – SIRENE 2008
According to Curiositel, the network and Interprofessional directory of
Arts and Antiques, the following trades are particularly prevalent in the region:
¾ Antique dealer
¾ Seller of old jewellery
¾ Second-hand dealer
¾ Auctioneer
¾ Bookshops specialising in old editions
¾ Experts in objets d’art and antiques
¾ Art galleries
¾ Transporter of objets d’art
La Maison des Artistes (MDA) recorded in 2008 in PACA :
387 member establishments, making 42.5 M € in turnover. (These
establishments declared to the MDA for “Sale of original art works, objets
d’art, in two and three dimensions”):
¾ 22 Auctioneers (excluding compulsory sales): 1.1 M € of turnover
¾ 122 Antique dealers: 11 M €
¾ 34 Second-hand dealers: 1.7 M €
¾ 40 Mixed dealers: 2.9 M €
¾ 2 Art publishers: 0.2 M €
¾ 167 Galleries: 26 M €
Source: Maison des artistes 2008
According to the DEPS and the Conseil des Ventes Volontaires (CVV)*:
¾ Auctions excluding compulsory sales (total SVVs, all types of auctions
combined: objets d’art, wine, vehicles, horses, etc.) in the region in 2006
came to: 25.5 M € in turnover..
Source : « Chiffres clés 2008 »– statistiques de la culture, La documentation française 2008
(*the Conseil des Ventes Volontaires is the governing body for auctioneers in France)
66
Advantages of PACA
Distribution of these eight professions by département:
Large number of antique fairs.
L’Isle-sur-la-Sorgue (84), regional capital for the trade: 250 shops and art
galleries, a dozen antiques villages and two international fairs. The art market is a
major economic activity for the town: 128% increase in the antiques and secondhand business in 10 years.
Many events.
Source http://www.foireantiquitesislesurlasorgue.fr/lafoire.htm
Distribution of professions
The eight categories of profession break down as follows:
Events, including
62 shows, antiques and collectibles fairs, etc. in PACA, in 2009 (only regular events
within a single year):
¾ including:
9 30 in the Var
9 12 in the Vaucluse
9 11 in the Alpes-Maritimes
9 9 in the Bouches-du-Rhône
¾ A region strongly involved in the antique and second-hand
business, with many art galleries.
Sources www.curiositel.com 2007 & www.pagesjaunes.fr 2008
Among the more representative annual events:
9 Antiques and second-hand show, Nice – 60 exhibitors
9 Antique dealers’ show, Fayence (83), 5 times a year, 70 exhibitors
9 Antique dealers’ show, Antibes, 130 exhibitors
9 Antiques and second-hand day, Aix en Provence – 60 exhibitors
9 Antique dealers’ show of the Pays d’Aix, Le Tholonet – 80 exhibitors
9 Antiques and second-hand show, Arles
9 2 international antiques and second-hand fairs, l’Isle sur la Sorgue
(84) – 220 exhibitors
15 Christmas markets, featuring traditional miniature figures (santons) and
shepherds announcing the Nativity.
67
Auctions in 2007
Auction houses
This data only illustrates sales of Fine Art (Paintings, Sculptures, Installations,
Drawings, etc.) and were compiled from a non-exhaustive sample.
Some twenty auction houses were listed in PACA in 2008
Some major ones:
PACA represents:
¾ 2.8% of the products of sales in France
¾ 7.1% of the total lots sold
The income from Fine Art In 2007 came to more than 12 M € for a total of
3,370 lots sold. (6,840 lots went under the hammer)
Lots sold per period:
¾ 231 items of contemporary art (400,000 € of sales)
¾ 556 items of post-war art (1.5 M€)
¾ 2,030 items of modern art (7.2 M€)
¾ 553 other lots (2.9 M€)
Source: Art Price 2008 - © Artprice.com
Source: Art Price 2008 - © Artprice.com
Auction houses*
Companies**
Towns
Appay-Debussy (S.V.V.)
Cannes Enchères SARL
CANNES (06)
Besch (S.V.V.)
Besch & Associés SARL
CANNES (06)
Issaly-Pichon (S.V.V)
Azur Enchères Cannes
SARL
CANNES (06)
Treiber-Savani-JulienNonclercq-Laleure
Huissiers de Justice
CANNES (06)
Boisgirard-Guilloux
(S.V.V.)
Boisgirard Provence
Côte d'Azur
NICE (06)
Palloc-Courchet-FedeJaphet (S.V.V.)
Nice Enchères S.A.R.L.
NICE (06)
Wetterwald-RannouCassegrain (S.V.V.)
Hôtel des Ventes Nice
Riviera SARL
NICE (06)
Holz (S.V.V.)
Holz Arles E.U.R.L.
ARLES (13)
De Dianous (S.V.V.)
Marseille Enchères
Provence S.A.R.L
MARSEILLE (13)
Leclere (S.V.V.)
MARSEILLE (13)
Ribiere-Tuloup Pascal
(S.V.V.)
Etude de Provence SARL
MARSEILLE (13)
Yvos Arnaud (S.V.V.)
Var Enchères
SAINT-RAPHAEL (83)
Maunier-Noudel-Deniau
(S.V.V.)
Hôtel des Ventes de
Toulon SARL
TOULON (83)
Armengau Patrick
(S.V.V.)
Hôtel des Ventes
d'Avignon SARL
AVIGNON (84)
* This column identifies the auction house by the name of auctioneer(s)
** This column gives the name of the company running the auction house
68
FASHION (1/3)
Advantages of PACA
Key data
¾ Specialist local platforms and networks (see details overleaf)
In the region:
Large number of very
small and single-person
businesses
¾ 11,000 establishments …
¾ … employing 28,500 people
¾ PACA contains 10% of the establishments in France and 5.2% of
the jobs in the sector
¾ It is the third-largest region in France in the number of
establishments and fifth in the number of staff
¾ 4.27 billion euros of turnover in 2007
¾ Bouches-du-Rhône : 38% of the total establishments and 41% of
jobs
¾ 18 regional teaching establishments from the Brevet d'Etudes
Professionnelles to Brevet de Technicien Supérieur
PRIDES / Networks of players
(See details pp. 100 to 106)
¾ Employment continuously rising in this sector
¾ Large number of establishments, mainly commercial
¾ Young, thrusting businesses (highly encouraging of creativity), with strong identifiable
brands
¾ Specialist training covering all trades
Main areas of activity
¾ Deep knowledge of clothing and the fashion industry
¾ High preponderance of first-time entrepreneurs and established brands
References
¾ Dynamism and influence of great creators and brands like Christian Lacroix, Emanuel
Ungaro, Souleiado, Les Olivades, and many others
¾ PRIDES ICI Fashion, themes: fashion, textiles, clothing
¾ Système Productif Local Professions Mode – SPL Urbain: a network of
¾Development of a generation of young designers contributing new influences
local players In fashion and clothing
Production cycle
Designer
Couturier
Manufacturer
Distribution
Sales
Fashion shows
(Haute couture, etc.)
Sources: CCIMP data – June 2007 / MDER – October 2008
69
69
FASHION (2/3)
Specialist platforms
Inter-company bodies
¾ Espace Mode Méditerranée – Marseille: brings the culture and economy relating to this
sector all together under one 3,000 m² roof:
¾ Chambre Syndicale de l’Habillement Marseille Region (an international
9 Le Musée de la Mode
9 The multimedia documentation centre
9 L’Institut Mode Méditerranée
9 La Chambre Syndicale de l’Habillement, Marseille Region
9 The FORTEXHA (in-service training)
9 The Institut Français des Techniques de l’Habillement (IFTH)
network) advice and information
¾ Cité Européenne de la Mode (local Network), Marseille
¾ Institut Mode Méditerranée - IMM (international Network) An economic
observer for the profession, Marseille
¾ Syndicat de l’Industrie de l’Habillement Côte d’Azur (international
Network), Nice and Paris
¾ Valentine Vallée Verte Industrial Services Platform – Marseille (PFSI), a group of
innovative businesses and logistics hub specialising in the fashion trade
Illustration of the sector and members of the PRIDES
Main sectors
Families
¾ 4 sectors:
¾ 6 major categories of players:
FASHION - TEXTILES - CLOTHING
257 players*
First-time entrepreneurs
Sales
Established brands
Artisans
Fashion contractors
Other services
* The total stated number of players in the PRIDES is less than the cumulated data on the pie-chart
because some are counted in several categories at once, on account of their multiple activities.
Sources: Données PRIDES Mode / MDER – June 2008
70
FASHION (3/3)
Map illustrating the coverage of the PRIDES
257 acteurs
A list of the businesses in the PRIDES in April 2008 is available from the MDER
71
71
General
comments
HERITAGE (1/12)
Contents
Heritage: natural, built and cultural
¾ General comments
¾ Economic implications and employment
¾ Heritage management
¾ Tourism and heritage
¾ List of “Musées de France”
¾ Maps
9 Historic monuments
9 Monuments, museums, curiosities, etc.
9 Natural heritage (parks)
pp. 72, 73
p. 74
p. 75
pp. 76, 77
pp. 78, 79
pp. 80 to 83
p. 80
pp. 81, 82
p. 83
Heritage is dealt with here under four headings:
¾ Historic buildings
¾ Nature
¾ Archaeology
¾ Museums
Focus on certain heritage activities
Key data 2007
Historic buildings:
¾ 2,207 historic monuments with preservation orders: PACA is one of the
most richly endowed regions in this respect (See map p. 77)
¾ 5 historic sites recognised as “World heritage sites” by UNESCO (out of 33
sites listed in France)
9 Avignon: historic centre
9 Briançon and Mont-Dauphin: fortifications by Vauban
9 Orange: ancient theatre and Triumphal arch
9 Arles – a starting-point on the pilgrim route to Santiago de Compostela
¾ State of listed buildings:
9 1,301 listed buildings
9 756 grade I listed buildings
9 495 local authorities own a historic monument
9 300 buildings are classified as “20th-century heritage sites”
9 34 groups of city buildings are classified as 20th-century heritage sites
9 11 ZPPAUP, plus 22 under consideration (Architectural Town and
Country Heritage Protection Area)
Natural heritage:
¾ 5 Natural Regional Parks (out of 45 in France): Alpilles, Camargue,
Lubéron, Queyras, Verdon. + Préalpes d’Azur in process of creation and 2
others proposed.
¾ 4 National Parks (out of 10 in France): Ecrins, Mercantour, Port Cros and
Massif des Calanques
¾ 164 protected parks and gardens
¾ 33 “outstanding gardens” (out of 309 listed in France)
Archaeology:
¾ 29,000 archaeological remains listed
¾ 152 preventive excavations in 2007, 53 excavations and 31 prospecting
works
Museums: more than 400 museums are registered by the ORT PACA*
¾ 4 national museums: Marc Chagall (Nice), Picasso (Vallauris) Fernand Léger
(Biot), MUCEM : Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisation (in prospect Marseille)
¾ 117 musées de France (3.2 million visitors in 2006), 73 musées contrôlés*.
* which are museums approved by the French Museum Directorate and subject to technical control
by the government.
Sources: DRAC Paca, data 2007 & “Key data 2008 – statistiques de la culture” La documentation française 2008 & PRIDES Industries Culturelles et Patrimoine
72
HERITAGE (2/12)
General
comments
Advantages of PACA
¾ International fame of the region’s ancient history, abbeys, etc. underlined by
many international festivals
¾ 5 towns of art and history (national award): Arles, Briançon, Fréjus, Grasse,
Menton (110,000 visitors in 2006)
¾ 2 areas of art and history: the “Pays de Comtat Venaissin and Carpentras” and
“Provence Verte”
¾ 1 museum per 41,000 inhabitants compared with 1 museum per 60,000
nationally
¾ Musée Granet: (Aix en Provence) most-visited provincial museum in 2006 (year
of the Cézanne exhibition)
¾ 43,000
heritage
photographs
in
the
regional
photo
archive:
http://patrimages.regionpaca.fr
PRIDES
(See details pp. 100 to 104)
PRIDES Heritage and cultures, themes: Engineering and diffusion of culture /
Heritage (natural, built & cultural)
Lifestyle in Provence, among the themes: Hotels and restaurants, gastronomy,
furnishing, architecture and the home.
Sustainable Mediterranean buildings, theme: construction, renovation and an
environmental approach to the assessment of the region’s buildings.
Carac’Terres, theme: local tourism
Business tourism and conferences
* museum approved by the French Museum Directorate and subject to technical control by the government
Sources : Paca, data 2007 & “Chiffres clés 2008 – statistiques de la culture” La documentation française 2008
Specialist bodies
Regional Heritage Agency – ARP, Marseille: in its role as an observatory promotes
the importance of heritage in the economic and social life of the region, particularly in
its impact on tourism.
DRAC PACA
General Inventory Service, transferred to Regional Councils in 2007
Interregional Centre for Heritage Conservation and Restoration – Marseille
Departmental Architecture and Heritage Services
References
“Pôle patrimoine” in the Belle de Mai Media Centre, Marseille, with the coming
together of three institutions: the Interregional Centre for Heritage Conservation and
Restoration (CICRP), the National Mediterranean Audiovisual Institute (INA) and the
Marseille City Archives.
“Antiquities Heritage Plan”: 107 M€ allocated to the restoration of 11 major sites
(between 2002 and 2009), by the government and the Regional Council. (Sites: Dignes,
Fréjus, Marseille, Arles (2), Nice (2), Orange (2), St-Rémy de Provence and Vaison la
Romaine.
Events
TECHA 2010 International show - Technology Expo for Cultural Heritage
Advancement, technologies applied to the conservation and promotion of heritage,
Arles
Operation “Welcome home”, by the Regional Council, 15 days in January/February
2009. Some 250 sites of regional tourist heritage open to the public.
26th year of European heritage days, 19 and 20 September 2009 .
SUDS in ARLES, aims to promote cultural, intangible, historic and natural heritage.
Annual, July.
“Bitume Party”, FRAC PACA, Marseille (13) - April 2009
“Cities and culture on the Mediterranean”, MMSH, Aix-en-Provence (13) - April
2009
Antiquity days in Provence and Languedoc-Roussillon, Spring 2009
& PRIDES Industries Culturelles et Patrimoine
73
HERITAGE (3/12)
Economic implications
and employment
Jobs generated by heritage
Heritage accounts for about 50,000 jobs in PACA and a turnover in the region of
1.5 billion euros
¾ Nearly 3,000 directly employed (employment created by all heritage sites,
keeping them running, welcoming visitors, providing entertainment, carrying out
maintenance) including:
9 400 to 500 jobs at monuments
9 about 900 heritage guides
9 nearly 2,000 jobs in local and national government
¾ about 28,000 indirect jobs in sectors supplying goods and services to the
heritage sector, including:
9 nearly 27,000 tourism jobs related to heritage (estimate by the ARP, by
assessing the tourism share of heritage expenditure in terms of tourism
jobs)
9 650 to 1,750 jobs in heritage restoration (restoration firms, craftsmen
and architects)
9 21 businesses qualified as “Restorers of ancient monuments and historic
buildings” representing about 750 jobs
9 27 specialist architects qualified in architectural and urban heritage
Visits to sites and monuments
6.5 million visitors
Between 2 and 2.5 million paying visitors annually
¾ 50% of visitors are from abroad
¾ Nearly 40% are in management jobs
¾ 60% are aged between 35 and 65
9 sites attract more than 100,000 paying visitors annually. They account
for three quarters of paying admissions in the region:
¾ Abbaye de Sénanque, Gordes (84)
¾ Abbaye du Thoronet, Le Thoronet (83)
¾ Amphitheatre – Arles (13)
¾ Citadell– Les Baux-de-Provence (13)
¾ Palais des Papes – Avignon (84)
¾ Pont Saint-Bénezet – Avignon (84)
¾ Theatre Antique – Orange (84)
¾ Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild – Saint-Jean-Cap Ferrat (06)
¾ Village des Bories – Gordes (84)
.
¾ About 18,000 indirect jobs (jobs created because of the activity generated by
services directly and indirectly related to heritage). Calculations based on a
multiplier of 1.6 established by Xavier Greffe, an economist specialising in the study of the
impact of heritage.
Income from the operation of monuments and sites
Public expenditure on heritage in 2004
Public expenditure on the restoration of protected heritage:
27 million euros
Public expenditure on unprotected heritage:
15 million euros
In 2004 monuments in PACA generated 19.2 M€ in income, including:
¾ 13.6 M € in ticket sales
¾ 2.1 M € generated by shops
¾ 1.2 M € in guided tours
¾ 1.2 M € in organised events
¾ 1 M € in miscellaneous income
18 monuments generate more than 150,000 € in annual receipts and 8 exceed
500,000 €
Sources : “L’impact économique et social du patrimoine en PACA” – 2005, ARP
& “Le heritage tourism en région PACA” – ARP, 2007
74
HERITAGE (4/12)
Heritage management
Culture and Heritage
Heritage management
Key data: 307 businesses and 21 training centres
Details of the three categories concerned:
¾ Renovation and artistic craftsmanship (192 businesses and 21 training
centres)
9 Regional turnover excluding tax 2004: 37.6 M€ (Groupement Français des
Entreprises de Restauration des Monuments Historiques)
9 100 businesses restoring old buildings (17 specialising in historic
monuments)
9 87 engineering firms renovating old buildings
9 5 businesses specialising in museum displays, E.g: SMBR, Société
Méditerranéenne de Bâtiments et de Restauration, Nice. 6.8 M€ turnover in
2006, 50 staff.
9 21 bodies offering training in the restoration of buildings (including the
Conservation-restoration department of the ESAA: Ecole Supérieure d’Art
d’Avignon)
¾ Managing landscape, bioengineering (115 businesses)
9 15 businesses maintaining open spaces
9 45 service businesses in the environment and natural sites
9 12 businesses creating SIG or environmental monitoring software
9 7 structures specialising in geomatics, E.g: Camargue Regional Park, a joint
local authority board with 3 M€ budget in 2006, 35 staff.
¾ Indirect activities, heritage is a source of business creation in different sectors
of the regional economy, such as:
9 Multimedia
9 Edition
9 Shows and events (very many businesses, companies and arts groups
specialising in spectacles on heritage sites)
Source: PRIDES Patrimoines et cultures - 2006
Professions: (NAF 91.03Z et 04Z)
¾ Museum management: combining the activities of: Managing museums of all kinds
(art museums, natural history, science, etc.)
¾ Managing sites and historic monuments and similar tourist attractions, including the
activities of: Managing and preserving sites and historic buildings
¾ Managing botanical gardens, zoos and nature reserves, including the activities of:
9 Managing botanical gardens and zoos, including children’s zoos
9 Managing nature reserves including the protection of wildlife
Key data: 261 establishments representing 1,580 jobs
Details of the three categories concerned:
¾ Managing museums: 27 establishments, representing about
from the SIRENE database)
130 jobs (estimate
9 55% have between 1 and 5 staff
9 40% are in the Bouches-du-Rhône, 26% in the Alpes-Maritimes, and nearly 20%
in the Vaucluse
¾ Managing sites and historic monuments and similar tourist attractions: 182
establishments representing about 750 jobs (estimate from the SIRENE database)
9 Bouches-du-Rhône and Alpes-Maritimes are host to 25% each
9 Var and Vaucluse are host to around 20% each
¾ Managing botanical gardens, zoos and nature reserves:
52 establishments representing about 700 jobs (estimated from SIRENE database)
9 60% have no staff
9 20% have more than 10
9 Var 27% of establishments, Alpes-Maritimes 25% and Bouches-du-Rhône 23%.
Source: INSEE – SIRENE , 2008
75
HERITAGE (5/12)
Tourism and heritage
Heritage: a decisive advantage
Indirect economic impact of heritage
Heritage tourism key data 2006
In 2006, it is estimated that income from heritage tourism amounted to
2.97 billion Euros
France’s second favourite tourist destination with 237 million overnight stays
and 330,000 direct and indirect jobs. The activity generates 11 billion euros in
income per year.
27% of all tourists in PACA (some 9.26 million) state that the heritage of the
region is one of their main motivations, compared with only 17% nationally.
60 million overnight stays attributed to heritage
Tourists motivated by history and culture come to the region 3 times as often
as other tourists.
They stay one day more than the average tourist in the region, i.e. 12.28 days
Annual income from the visitors’ tax attributable to heritage tourism: 4
million Euros
Advantages of PACA
The rich and varied culture and nature contribute heavily to the tourist
attractiveness of the region.
Regional Tourism Development Scheme
introduced in 2006. Labels:
¾ “World heritage sites”
¾ “Towns and Regions of art and history”
¾ “Historic monuments”
¾ “Most beautiful villages in France”
Specialist bodies
2 Regional Tourism Committees (CRTs): PACA and Riviera
6 Departmental Tourism Committees (CDTs)
Numerous Tourist Information Offices
Characteristics of heritage tourists
Heritage tourists are great consumers of commercial accommodation and
restaurants. They hire more cars (+ 6 points) and take the train more (+ 2
points).
Consume on average 57 € a day (i.e. 13.5 € more than an ordinary tourist)
Heritage tourists are largely families without children (40.6% of heritage
tourists). 27% are management and professional people.
References
Paul Cézanne Exhibition, “Musée Granet” (Aix-en-Provence), 2006:
¾ 440,000 visitors
¾ 25% are foreign visitors
¾ Picasso – Cézanne Exposition (2009)
They visit exhibitions 8 times more often than the average visitors
2/3 of heritage tourists visit historic and archaeological sites (32% religious
sites, 30% châteaux, 17% ancient sites …)
44% of heritage tourists visit a museum compared with 12% of all tourists
Source : Le tourisme patrimonial en région PACA”, Agence Régionale du Patrimoine – 2007
76
HERITAGE (6/12)
Tourism and heritage
The most visited heritage sites in 2004 and 2005
¾ Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (04) :
9 Gorges du Verdon Prehistory Museum – Quinson
9 Ancient citadel of Sisteron
9 Priory of Notre-Dame – Ganagobie
9 Priory of Notre-Dame de l’Assomption – Mane
9 Walled town and citadel – Entrevaux
¾ Hautes-Alpes (05) :
9 Les Ecrins National Park, Maisons du Parc
9 Les Ecrins National Park, site visitors’ centres
9 Le Pré de Madame Carle – Pelvoux
9 Abbaye de Boscodon – Crots
9 La Montagne aux Marmottes – La Sauze du Lac
9 Place Forte, Mont-Dauphin
9 Fortifications of the Ville Haute – Briançon
¾ Alpes-Maritimes (06) :
9 Citadel of Saint-Elme – Villefranche-sur-Mer
9 Maeght Foundation– Saint-Paul-de-Vence
9 Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Nicholas – Nice
9 Musée Chagall – Nice
9 Musée Picasso – Antibes
9 Villa Île-de-France – Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat
9 Musée Matisse, Nice
9 Archaeological sites of Cimiez – Nice
9 (Arena + Baths)
9 Villa Kerylos – Beaulieu-sur-Mer
¾ Bouches-du-Rhône (13) :
9 The Basilica of Notre-Dame-de-la-Garde, Marseille
9 Archaeological site of the Plateau des Antiques –
9
Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
9 Saint-Sauveur Cathedral – Aix-en-Provence
9 Walled town – Les-Baux-de-Provence
9 Château of Les Baux de Provence
9 Amphitheatre – Arles
9 Cathédrale d’Image – Les-Baux-de-Provence
9 Notre-Dame-de-la-Mer parish church –
Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer
74 000
Visitors
61 500
26 200
19 100
9 300
172 200
110 300
80 500
49 600
46 600
33 600
10 800
900 000
212 200
209 000
166 000
139 000
131 500
127 000
57 400
53 800
800 000
500 000
500 000
320 000
245 500
175 800
102 000
88 500
9
9
9
9
9
9
Saint-Trophime church and cloister – Arles
Glanum archaeological site –Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
Musée Vieille Charité – Marseille
Atelier Cézanne – Aix-en-Provence
Château d'If – Marseille
Musée Alphonse Daudet – Fontvieille
¾ Var (83) :
9 Abbaye du Thoronet, Le Thoronet
9 Le Village des tortues, Gonfaron
9 Dominican Convent of Saint-Maximin-la-SainteBaume
9 Chapel of Notre Dame de Grâce – Cotignac
9 Citadel – Saint-Tropez
¾ Vaucluse (84) :
9 Palais des Papes – Avignon
9 St Bénezet bridge and chapel – Avignon
9 Roman Theatre – Orange
9 Village des Bories – Gordes
9 Abbey of Sénanque – Gordes
9 Archaeological site of La Villasse – Vaison-la-Romaine
9 Château – Lourmarin
84 200
83 500
77 000
71 500
67 000
55 000
123 700
110 000
100 000
100 000
43 200
570 000
335 400
170 400
102 400
100 000
82 000
25 800
Sources : “Patrimoine et territoires, cahier N°5 – June 2008” Agence Régionale du Patrimoine. Further
info CRT Paca and CRT Riviera Côte d’Azur
La Vieille Charité: a multidisciplinary approach
¾ The Vieille Charité centre in Marseille combines:
9 The International Poetry Centre of Marseille
9 The “Regard” bookshop
9 The Municipal Museums: Museum of Mediterranean Archaeology,
Museum of African Art, Museum of Oceanian Art, Museum of Amerindian
Art
9 The Marseille museums department
9 “Le Miroir” cinema
9 The INA Mediterranean regional fund
9 The EHESS post-graduate school
in social sciences
Source: http://www.vieille-charite-marseille.org/
77
HERITAGE (7/12)
Museum
Musées de France
Status
Type of collection
¾ 04 Alpes de Haute-Provence
9 Musée de la Vallée, Barcelonnette
9 Musée Gassendi
9 Musée municipal, Forcalquier
9 Musée de Salagon
9 Musée départ. de la préhistoire, Quinson
9 Musée archéologique, Riez
9 Musée du Vieux Sisteron
9 Musée archéologique, Vachères
9 Musée de la faïence, Moustiers Sainte Marie
Social history
Municipal
Mixed
Municipal
Social history - Arts
Municipal
Social history
Departmental
Archeology
Departmental
Archeology
Municipal
Social history
Municipal
Archeology
Municipal
Decorative arts
Municipal
¾ 05 Hautes-Alpes
9 Musée départemental des Hautes Alpes, Gap
Departmental
¾ 06 Alpes-Maritimes
9 Musée Picasso, Antibes
9 Musée archéologique, Antibes
9 Musée d'histoire et céramique Biotoise, Biot
9 Musée Fernand Léger, Biot
9 Musée château, Cagnes
9 Musée Renoir, Cagnes
9 Musée de la Castre, Cannes
9 Musée de la mer, Cannes
9 Musée d'art et d'histoire de Provence, Grasse
9 Musée international de la parfumerie, Grasse
9 Musée Fragonard, Grasse
9 Musée Bonnard, Le Cannet
Status
9 Musée de la préhistoire régionale, Menton
9 Musée Cocteau, S. Wunderman, Menton
9 Musée des Beaux Arts, Menton
9 Musée des Merveilles, Tende
NICE
9 Muséum
9 Musée des Beaux-arts
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
National
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Natural history
Arts
Type of collection
9 Musée Masséna
9 Musée du Vieux Logis
9 Musée archéologique Cimiez
9 Musée Matisse,
9 MAMAC,
9 Palais Lascaris,
9 Musée de paléontologie Terra Amata,
9 Musée international Anatole Jakovsky,
9 Musée des Arts Asiatiques,
9 Musée national du message biblique
9 Musée Marc Chagall,
Municipal
Social history
Municipal
Social history
Municipal
Archeology
Municipal
Arts – Monographies
Municipal
Arts
Municipal
Social history
Municipal
Archeology
Municipal
Arts
Departmental
Social history
National
Arts
9 Ecomusée de la Roudoule, Puget Rostand
9 Musée Magnelli, céramique, Vallauris
9 Musée Picasso, Vallauris
9 Musée d'art et d'hist., Villefranche /mer
Associatif
Municipal
National
Municipal
Social history
Arts / Decorative arts
Arts
Social history
Mixed
Arts
Archeology
Social history
Arts - Decorative arts
Social history
Social history
Social history - Arts
Social history - Arch.
Social history
Social history
Arts
Arts
Single artist
Archéologique
Municipal
Arts
Municipal
Arts
Departmental
Archeology
Municipal
Museum
¾ 13 Bouches-du-Rhône
AIX EN PROVENCE
9 Muséum, Aix
9 Musée Granet
9 Musée atelier Paul Cézanne
9 Musée du Pavillon Vendôme
9 Musée des tapisseries
9 Musée du vieil Aix
9 Musée Paul Arbaud, Aix
ARLES
9 Musée Réattu, Arles
9 Musée départ. de l'Arles antique
9 Museon Arlaten, Arles
9 Musée Camargais
9 Musée municipal Cassis
9 Musée René Beaucaire, Istres
9 Musée Ciotaden, La Ciotat
Joint local authority Joint Natural history
Arts
local authority
Arts
Municipal
Arts
Municipal
Arts
Municipal
Social history
Municipal
Bibliography /
Voluntary group
Decorative arts
Municipal
Departmental
Departmental
Voluntary group
Arts Archeology
Social history
Social history
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Social history
Archeology Social
history
Source : DRAC PACA 2008
78
HERITAGE (8/12)
Museum
9 Musée folklorique du vieux Lambesc
9 Fondation Louis Jou, Les Baux de Provence
9 Musée d'histoire et d'archéologie, Les Baux de
Provence
9 Musée Frédéric Mistral, Maillane
MARSEILLE
9 Cabinet des monnaies et médailles
9 Musée des Beaux Arts
9 Musée Borély
9 Musée Cantini
9 Musée des docks romains
9 Musée Grobet Labadié,
9 Musée d'histoire de Marseille
9 Musée d'archéologie méditerranéenne
9 Musée des arts africains, océanien amérindiens
9 Musée du Vieux Marseille
9 Musée de la Mode
9 Musée de la faïence
9 MAC: Musée d’Art Contemporain
9 Muséum d'histoire naturelle,
9 Préau des Accoules
9 Musée des Civilisations de l‘Europe et de la
Méditerranée,
9 Musée des Alpilles, Saint-Rémy-de-Prov.
9 Musée Estrine, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
9 Musée Baroncelli, Stes Maries de la mer
9 Musée de Salon et de la Crau, Salon de
Provence
9 Musée de l'Empéri, Salon de Provence
9 Musée Suffren, Saint Cannat
9 Musée Ziem, Martigues
9 Musée municipal, Mazan
9 Musée Paul Lafran, Saint Chamas
9 Musée municipal, Sault
¾ 83 Var
9 Musée des tourneurs, Aiguines
9 Musée Charles Cazin, Bormes les M.
9 Musée du pays Brignolais, Brignoles
Musées de France
Status
Type of collection
Municipal
Fondation
Municipal
Social history / Memorial 9 Musée des arts et tradition populaires
Social history Archeology 9 de Moyenne Provence, Draguignan
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
National
Social history
Museum
9 Musée municipal, Draguignan
9 Musée de l'artillerie, Draguignan
Social history / Memorial 9 Musée archéologique, Fréjus
Social history
Arts
Arts
Archeology
Social history
Social history
Archeology
Social history
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Musée des troupes de marine, Fréjus
Musée municipal, Hyères
Musée Jean Aicard, La Garde
Musée archéologique, Saint Raphaël
Musée de l'Annonciade, Saint-Tropez
Musée Jean Aicard, Solliès ville
Musée du vêtement prov., Solliès pont
Muséum, Toulon
Musée d'art et d'archéologie, Toulon
Status
Type of collection
Municipal
Joint local authority
Mixed
Social history
National
Science and technology
Departmental
Archeology
Etat
Municipal
Social history
Municipal
Memorial
Municipal
Archeology
Municipal
Arts
Voluntary group
Memorial
Municipal
Social history
Departmental
Natural history
Municipal
Arts et Archeology
¾ 84 Vaucluse
9 Musée municipal d'archéologie, Apt
Municipal
Archeology
9 Musée de l'aventure industrielle, Apt
Municipal
Social history
Social history
9 Muséum Esprit Requien, Avignon
Municipal
Social history
Natural history
9 Musée Calvet, Avignon
Municipal
Social history
Mixed archéo, Arts Arts
9 Musée du Petit Palais, Avignon
Municipal
Arts
Arts
9 Musée Comtadin & Duplessis, Carpentras
Municipal
Natural history
Archeology
9 Musée lapidaire, Carpentras
Municipal
Children’s exhibition
Social history
9 Musée Sobirats, Carpentras
Municipal
Social history
Archeology
9 Musée de l'Hôtel Dieu, Cavaillon
Municipal
Social history
Municipal
9 Musée Jouve, Cavaillon
Municipal
Social history
Social history
Voluntary group
9 Musée Juif Comtadin, Cavaillon
Municipal
Arts
Social history
Municipal Social hist. / Natural hist. 9 Musée Marc Deydier, Cucuron
Municipal
Social history
Municipal
9 Musée bibliothèque Pétrarque, Fontaine
Departmental
Social history
9 de Vaucluse
Municipal
9 Musée Philippe de Girard, Lourmarin
Municipal
Social history
Mixed
Municipal
9 Musée municipal, Mazan
Municipal
Social history
Mixed
Municipal
9 Musée municipal, Orange
Municipal
Archeology / Arts
Social history
Municipal
9 Musée municipal, Sault
Municipal
Social history
Social history / Archeology
Municipal
9 Musée archéologique Théo Desplans, Vaison- Municipal
Arts
Municipal
la-romaine
Social history
Social history
9 Musée du cartonnage et de l'imprimerie,Departmental
Valréas
Natural history
Voluntary group Social history
9 Muséum L'Harmas de Fabre, Sérignan du National
Arts
Municipal
Comtat
Voluntary group Social history
Source: DRAC PACA 2008
79
HERITAGE (9/12)
Historic monuments
Historic monuments in the region
Distribution across the whole area
Source: “Patrimoine et Territoire, Cahier n°5”, Agence Régionale du Patrimoine
Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, June 2008
80
HERITAGE (10/12)
81
HERITAGE (11/12)
Regional historical monuments
Source: Comité Régional du Tourisme – CRT PACA, 2007
Ancient history
Military history
Châteaux & stately homes (continued)
¾ Jardin des vestiges and Museum of the Roman docks, Marseille
(13)
¾ Site of Tauroentum, Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer (83)
¾ Olbia archaeological site, Hyères (83)
¾ The Gallo-Roman Fishpond, Roquebrune-sur-Argens (83)
¾ Ancient monuments, Fréjus (83)
¾ The Trophée d’Auguste, La Turbie (06)
¾ Roman Arena and Alyscamps, Arles (13)
¾ Les Antiques and Glanum, Saint-Rémy de Provence (13)
¾ Roman theatre and triumphal arch (84)
¾ Ancient site, Vaison-la-Romaine (84)
¾ Roman columns, Riez (04)
¾ Baths, Gréoux-les-Bains (04)
¾ Departmental Museum, Gap (05)
¾ Fort Saint-Jean and Fort Saint-Nicolas, Marseille (13)
¾ Fort Balaguier, La Seyne-sur-Mer (83)
¾ Tour Royale, Toulon (83)
¾ Fort Sainte-Agathe, Island of Porquerolles (83)
¾ Citadel of Saint-Tropez (83)
¾ Fort Royal, Island of Sainte-Marguerite (06)
¾ Fort Carré, Antibes Juan-the-Pins (06)
¾ Citadelle Sainte-Elme, Villefranche-sur-Mer (06)
¾ Fort of Sainte-Agnès (06)
¾ Mediaeval Fort of Buoux (84)
¾ Fortress of Mornas (84)
¾ Commanderie of the Templars, Richerenches (84)
¾ Citadel of Sisteron (04)
¾ Forts of Colmars-les-Alpes (04)
¾ Citadel of Seyne-les-Alpes (04)
¾ Forts of le Haut Saint-Ours and Roche-la-Croix en Ubaye
(04)
¾ Citadel of Mont-Dauphin (05)
¾ Fort Queyras (05)
¾ Fortified City of Briançon (05)
¾ Line of fortification of les Gondrans, Montgenèvre (05)
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Religious history
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Basilica of Notre Dame de la Garde, Marseille (13)
La Vieille Charité, Marseille (13)
Bishop’s cloister, Fréjus (83)
Fortified monastery of the Ile Saint-Honorat, Cannes (06)
Saint Nicholas’s orthodox cathedral, Nice (06)
Sanctuary of Notre Dame des Fontaines, La Brigue (06)
Chartreuse de la Verne, Collobrières (83)
Le Thoronet Abbey (83)
La Celle Abbey, La Celle-en-Provence (83)
Basilica of Saint Mary Magdalene, Saint-Maximin (83)
Montmajour Abbey, Arles (13)
Silvacane Abbey, La Roque d’Anthéron (13)
Palais des Papes (84)
Abbey of Sénanque, Gordes (84)
Carpentras Synagogue (84)
Cathedral and cloister of Our Lady of Nazareth, Vaison-laRomaine (84)
Salagon Priory and Ethno-botanical Museum, Mane (04)
Ganagobie Priory, Lurs (04)
Notre-Dame du Bourg, Digne-les-Bains (04)
Priory of Saint-André de Rosans (05)
Notre-Dame du Laus, Saint-Etienne-le-Laus (05)
Boscodon Abbey, Serre-Ponçon (05)
Cathedral of Notre-Dame du Réal, Embrun (05)
Notre-Dame de Valvert, Val d’Allos (04)
Chateaux & stately homes
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Château of Avignon, les Saintes-Maries de la Mer (13)
Palais Longchamp, Marseille (13)
Château Pastré, Marseille (13)
Château of La Napoule, Mandelieu-la-Napoule (06)
Château Grimaldi, Cagnes-sur-Mer (06)
Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild, Saint-Jean-Cap Ferrat (06)
Villa Grecque Kérylos, Beaulieu-sur-Mer (06)
Villa Maria Serena, Menton (06)
Château of Vins-sur-Caramy (83)
Château d’Entrecasteaux (83)
Château de la Tour d’Aigues (84)
Château of Ansouis (84)
Château of Lourmarin (84)
Château of Le Barben (13)
Château of the Empéri, Salon-de-Provence (13)
Château of Montauban, Fontvieille (13)
Château of Tarascon (13)
Château of Gordes (84)
Château d’Allemagne-en-Provence (83)
Château of Sauvan, Mane (04)
Château of Simiane-la-Rotonde (04)
Musée de la Vallée “Villa mexicaine”, Barcelonnette (04)
Château and mediaeval city of Tallard (05)
Château of Montmaur, Veynes (05)
Château of Picomtal, Crots (05)
Modern and contemporary heritage
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Housing Unit, Le Corbusier, Marseille (13)
Hôtel du département (county hall), Bouches-du-Rhône,
Marseille (13)
Departmental Archives, Marseille (13)
Port des Sablettes, La Seyne-sur-Mer (83)
Villa Noailles, Hyères (83)
Cité Lacustre, Port-Grimaud (83)
Chapel of Notre-Dame de Jérusalem, Fréjus
Chapel of the Rosary (decorated by Matisse), Vence (06)
Maeght Foundation, Saint-Paul-de-Vence (06)
Mont-Gros astronomical observatory, Nice (06)
Louis Nucéra library, Nice (06)
Mamac (Museum of modern art), Nice (06)
Museum of Asian art, Nice (06)
Preljocaj ballet national choreography centre, Aix-enProvence (13)
Gorges du Verdon Museum of prehistory,
Quinson (04)
The olive tree outdoor museum, Volx (04)
Sculpture walk, Gigondas (84)
Goldsworthy Museum, Gassendi, Digne-les-Bains (04)
Maison du Bois, Méolans-Revel (04)
Railway workers’ outdoor museum, Veynes (05)
Serre-Ponçon dam (05)
La Meije cable cars, Col du Lautaret (05)
82
HERITAGE (12/12)
Regional Parks
Proposed Regional Parks
National Parks
Côte Bleue Regional Marine Park
Botanical gardens
Proposed
Highlands and mountains
Rivers
Proposed
Massif des Calanques, Park of the, accredited
in April 2009
Proposed
83
PHOTOGRAPHY (1/4)
Professions
Key data
The “Photographic Activities” sector (Naf 74.20Z) is composed of 3 professional
statuses and includes the jobs of:
¾ Photographic production, commercially or privately, which is the equivalent of
being an author – art photographer
¾ Processing films and photographic materials: laboratories, shops,
¾ developing, retouching… which is the equivalent of being a commercial
tradesman: developing, picture-framing, shops…
¾ Status of independent photo-journalists – Press photographers
Self-employed photographers exercise a variety of activities:
¾ art photography
¾ photo-journalism, photo-reporting,
¾ advertising, fashion, business or administrative photography
¾ teaching, history of photography,
¾ museum photographic collections
¾ specialist photographers: architecture, archaeology, underwater photography,
etc.
About 50% of photographers combine the activities of press, art photography and
business photography
50% are commercial tradesman
Sources: UPC Méditerranée & ENSP
Total sector: 1,000 establishments, representing about 1,700 jobs (Estimated
from SIRENE database).
¾
¾
¾
¾
750 have no staff (75%)
200 have 1 to 5 staff (20%)
28 have 6 to 9 staff (3%)
13 have more than 10 staff (1.3%)
About 30% of the establishments are in the Alpes-Maritimes and the
Bouches-du-Rhône.
About 65% of establishments have been created since 2000
2 major chains:
¾ La Générale de Téléphone (18 Photo Services, 16 Photo Stations)
¾ The Photomaton company (16 establishments)
Source: INSEE – SIRENE 2008
Focus AGESSA*: 238 photographers members of AGESSA* living in PACA,
about 7% of the 3,200 photographers registered in France.
¾ 80% are men
¾ Average age on entry into the system: 38 years
¾ Nearly 50% live in the Bouches-du-Rhône and nearly 20% in the Alpes
Maritimes
Source: AGESSA 2008
Focus: 450 photographers are members of the professional union “UPC
Méditerranée”: Union of Creative Photographers
Source: UPC méditerranée 2008
* AGESSA: Association for the management of Authors' Social Security
84
PHOTOGRAPHY (2/4)
Cycle of production
Photographers
Manufacture of
equipment
Cameras, lenses,
accessories, etc
Commercia-lisation
Networks and
points of sale of
photographic
equipment
Creating and taking a
photograph
1- Project or order
2- Setting up
3- Taking the photo
Development
1- Laboratory
2- Retouching
3- Printing
Multi-support
distribution
1- Sales (Businesses, individuals,
institutions, etc)
2- Exhibitions
3- Multimedia
4- Press
Specialist Bodies
Advantages of PACA
The Rencontres internationales de la photographie in Arles
The international fashion and photography festival in Hyères (Villa Noailles)
Proposal by the LUMA foundation to create an international photography
centre in a park, "the Parc des Ateliers” in Arles (American architect Frank
Gehry)
43,000 photographs of historic treasures can be consulted on line on the site
http://patrimages.regionpaca.fr
Corsica has the Centre Méditerranée de la photographie, in Di Pietrabugno
Training
UPC Méditerranée: Union of Creative Photographers, consisting of 450
photographers in the region
Union of professional photographers of Provence, 20 photographers. (Regional
branch of the GNPP: National Professional Photography Group)
(See section on training, pp. 122 to 126 + Annexe)
ENSP: Ecole Nationale Supérieure de la Photographie – Arles (only one in France)
Supinfocom: Higher education college specialising in computer graphics – Arles
IUT d’Arles: digital training (computing, audiovisual, multimedia)
6 advanced art colleges: Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Avignon, Marseille, Nice and Toulon
85
PHOTOGRAPHY (3/4)
Analysis of the sector
The arrival of digital photography has deeply affected the skills and
positioning of all the image-based professions. Barriers between professions
have broken down, with new opportunities for creating value. The intangible
nature of the digital image has encouraged the development of four functions:
9 Production (manufacturers) See diagram overleaf
9 Sales (distribution and services)
9 Creation (professional photography)
9 Consumption (art and culture)
¾ The creation of web and multimedia services illustrates the convergence
between the image, audiovisual and multimedia
9 Storage on line
9 Social networks
9 Blogs of amateur and professional photos
Illustration of change:
¾ 2005: 46% households owned at least one digital camera ((4.6 million
digital cameras sold in France in 2005), introducing a new relationship with
the image.
¾ 2008: 29% of consumers were replacing their first digital equipment
Source: "Etat des lieux 2005", Observatoire des professions of the image
This change is a source of new applications stimulated by digital convergence
with the internet:
¾ Print services, photo printers, print terminals, etc. become sources of
value
¾ Rapidly-changing markets in:
9 storage materials (data sticks, memory cards, external hard drives)
9 portable leisure equipment: Ipods, games consoles, mobile phones,
digital picture frames
9 remote printing
9 retouching software
Some events
The Rencontres internationales de la photographie Arles
– The international festival of fashion and photography – Villa Noailles – Hyères
The Seven Off, festival of Mediterranean photography – Alpes-Maritimes
The Phot’aix festival – Aix-en-Provence
The FEPN: European Festival of Nude Photography – Arles
86
PHOTOGRAPHY (4/4)
The world of image professionals
2
Sales
1
Production
Industrial
laboratories
Télécom
operators
Amateur
photo/video
equipment
Minilabs &
other services
E-business,
mail-order
DISTRIBUTION & SERVICES
Photo specialists, department stores,
supermarkets, minilabs
Central purchasing
Commercial training
Point of sale
equipment
Professional
camera
equipment
Print
consumables
Computer
peripherals
MANUFACTURERS
French industrialists,
importers, subsidiaries
Professional
laboratory
equipment
Wholesalers
Films
Minilabs
Accessories
Photo
booths
PHOTOGRAPHY
Professional
laboratories
Social photography
Interior
decorators
General, independent,
fashion and advertising, press
Studio hire
Technical training
Creation
Exhibitions
Cultural courses
Specialist press
Make-up
artists
Coiffeurs
Assistants
Stylists
3
Press and media
Press & illustration
agencies
PROFESSIONAL
PHOTOGRAPHERS
Models
Museums
ART & CULTURE
Galleries &
sale-rooms
Leisure parks
Sponsorship
Art books
Festivals
Consumption
4
Data: “Etat des lieux 2005” Observatoire des Professions de l’Image / Layout: MDER, 2009
87
ADVERTISING AND COMMUNICATION (1/3)
Professions
The category dealt with here consists of two categories of profession:
¾ Advertising: The sector “Activities of advertising agencies” (NAF 73.11Z)
includes the work of:
9 Designing and running publicity campaigns (Multi-media)
9 Running marketing campaigns and other advertising services
9 Posting fixed or mobile advertising posters, erecting and maintaining
advertising hoardings
¾ Consultancy and Communication: this includes businesses which offer
consultancy and creative advertising services, with their head office in PACA.
Excludes printers, media brokers, graphic and prepress studios, software and
computing services companies, etc.
Advertising
¾ 1,900 agences
¾ 7,200 jobs
Consultancy &
Communication
¾ 514 agences
¾ 1,750 jobs
9 Advertising-Generalist
9 Interactive (an audiovisual advertising message allowing the viewer to interact when
it is broadcast. Interactive communication enables brands to establish a special relationship
with their clients or prospect).
9
9
9
9
9
Events-based promotions
Corporate
Marketing Services
Publishing design
Media
Specialist bodies
¾ UCC PACA, Union of Communication Consultancies: a professional
association founded in 1976 (50 agencies): label “Agences UCC-PACA” “Nuit de
la Com”. 2009 Project: “South of France advertising award”.
¾ Cité des média et de la communication in Marseille (Cité des métiers)
¾ Club Provence – Communication
¾ Marseille-South Alps Press Club: group of professionals in information and
communication
¾ A majority of recently created companies, with small numbers of staff
Advantages of PACA
¾ According to the professionals in the sector themselves: France’s secondlargest information pool, after the Ile de France, in the wealth of information
flow and the number of media present (NB: strong upsurge in Rhône-Alpes, in
recent years).
¾ All the communication professions are highly developed.
88
Key data: Consultancy and Communication
Key data: Publicity
This includes 1,900 establishments, representing about 7,200 jobs
(Estimation base fichiers SIRENE)
¾ 1,400 have no staff (75%)
¾ 370 have from 1 to 5 staff (20%)
¾ 70 have from 6 to 9 staff (3%)
¾ 80 have more than 10 staff (4%)
About 45% establishments are in the Bouches-du-Rhône, 30% in the Alpes
Maritimes
514 agencies and consultants in communication
in 2007
270 M€ turnover, 110 M€ Added Value (VA)
1,750 jobs
The consultants help develop the service sector
in the region
2 regional centres:
¾ Aix – Marseille: 50 M€ Added Value (87 agencies)
¾ Nice –Cannes – Grasse: 20 M€ Added Value (47 agencies)
76 % of establishments have been founded since 2000
Legal categories
¾ More than 65% are limited companies
¾ 10% are traders
¾ 10% are professionals
Among the 514 agencies, 171 create more than 150,000€ each in Added Value
¾ In 2007, they represented 76% of the employment (1,330) and 77% of the
turnover (208 M€) of the 514 consultancy and communication agencies
¾ Specialisation :
9 General advertising:
50 agencies, 400 jobs, 63 M€ turnover
9 Interactive:
28 agencies, 235 jobs, 31 M€
9 Évents:
9 Corporate:
9 Marketing Services:
9 Publishing design:
9 Media:
6 agencies,
10 jobs, 1.5 M€
¾ These cover all the communication professions.
Production cycle
Source: « Baromètre 2007 - L’activité des agences de communication» UCC-PACA
Creation
Project
1- Consultancy
2- Draft project
3- Storyboard
1- Specifications
2- Tendering
Clients &
agencies
Choice of the
medium
Conception
Validation
Publishing
Printing /
Broadcasting
1- Thumbnails
2- Graphics / copy
3- Layout
4- Design
89
Geographical distribution
(based on a sample of 144 agencies)
¾ Marseille: (13)
9 65 agencies
9 615 jobs
9 95 M€ turnover
¾ Nice: (06)
9 25 agencies
9 135 jobs
9 25 M€ turnover
¾ Cannes – Grasse: (06)
9 22 agencies
9 180 jobs
9 28 M€ turnover
¾ Pays d’Aix: (13)
9 22 agencies
9 150 jobs
9 24 M€ turnover
¾ Avignon – Vaucluse: (84)
9 14 agencies
9 100 jobs
9 13 M€ turnover
¾ Toulon – Var: (83)
9 8 agencies
9 50 jobs
9 6 M€ turnover
Some firms
Through takeovers and mergers of specialist agencies by generalists, global
communication firms have emerged: Publicis, Euro-Rscg, etc.
¾ Publicis Soleil: agency of Publicis Conseil for the south-east of France
9 Headquarters in Marseille, office in Nice
9 Owns the regional agencies: Okarito Passion Créative and Okarito,
Design Publicis Soleil.
9 Staff of 60 people
¾ Euro RSCG 360: an integrated communication agency of Euro RSCG
France
9 65 staff in Marseille
9 Offices in the Belle de Mai media centre
¾ Arles – Martigues: (13)
9 5 agencies
9 30 jobs
9 4 M€ turnover
¾ Adrexo: an advertising distribution and parcel delivery company
9 Headquarters in Aix-en-Provence
9 2006 turnover: 246 M€
9 1,500 permanent staff nation-wide
9 25 establishments in the region
¾ Hautes-Alpes et Alpes de Haute-Provence: (04 & 05)
9 3 agencies
9 10 jobs
9 1,5 M€ turnover
¾ SPIR Communication: creation and local distribution
9 Headquarters in Aix-en-Provence
9 2007turnover: 125 M€
9 28 establishments in the region
Source: « Baromètre 2007 - L’activité des agences de communication », UCC-PACA
90
Cultural economy networks:
a cross-disciplinary approach, peripherals and supports.
The cultural categories described above are naturally aided and supported by public finance from national and local government, as well as by private
sponsorship. This support comes through networks set up among players (the PRIDES funded by the regional council) and by permanent regional
structures (DRAC, Agence Régionale du Livre, du Patrimoine, ARCADE, etc.) which support and provide multiple arts and services to businesses,
voluntary associations, groups, project organisers, etc.). Particular mention should be made of the intermittents du spectacle whose fragile status
provides the human resources suited to the special needs of these professions. Technological change has had a strong impact on this sector, opening
up new prospects in the field of artistic creation. Brief information is rightly given on the important question of Literary and Artistic Property law
(PLA). Many specialist or local media encourage the distribution of cultural activities.
Finally, we will present the major Marseille-Provence project, European capital of Culture 2013, which will contribute to significantly strengthening
the cultural and international attractiveness of Marseille and the region.
Public action
Cultural
sponsorship
The principal
public
structures
Culturebased Poles
and PRIDES
Temporary
performers
New technologies and
culture
Copyright
and related
rights
Media and
arts
publishing
MarseilleProvence
2013:
European
capital of
Culture
91
PUBLIC ACTION (1/2)
Key data 2003
717 M€ spent on culture in 2003 in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur by the
government, the Regional Council, the départements and a panel of 76 towns.
¾ 80% devoted to operation
¾ 20% devoted to investment
Distribution of finance:
¾ 58% by towns
¾ 17% by the Region
¾ 15% by government
¾ 10% by the Regional Council
Local authorities spend different proportions on operation and investment.
¾ Operation :
61% by towns
8% by the Region
¾ Investment:
50 % by towns
19% by Region
The Regional Council spends proportionally more on investment than the other
levels of local government.
2 headings account for 80% of running expenses for culture:
¾ Staffing costs (236 M€, or 41.4%)
¾ Expenditure on grants (212 M€, or 37.2 %)
PACA on the national scale
The public financing of the arts by the local authorities in the PACA region is
higher than the national average as calculated in 2002.
¾ towns spend 8.7% on average
¾ The Regional Council 6.4%
more
¾ The Départements 4%
Analysis of euros per inhabitant spent on culture
Public expenditure per inhabitant per year in PACA
¾
¾
¾
¾
108€ by towns
22€ by départements
18€ by government
10€ by the Regional Council
158€
Above the national average for
expenditure by départements and
regions.
Public support is also high when compared with the amount that households
themselves spend on:
¾ Cultural outings (182 € a year)
¾ Buying books and disks (169 € a year)
Expenditure by local authority (2003)
The towns are the leading financers (nationally and also in this region). In 2003,
the 76 towns on the panel financed the arts to the tune of 431 M €.
Towns are predominantly the major spenders: up to 70% in the AlpesMaritimes. The exception being the Alpes de Haute Provence where the Conseil
Général is the main financer.
The contribution of the départements:
¾ Noticeable in the Hautes-Alpes and the Var.
¾ The Conseil Général in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence is proportionally the
biggest financer in the departement.
Source: Arcade & OPC « Les financements publics de la culture en PACA en 2003»
92
PUBLIC ACTION (2/2)
The territorial approach (2003)
Local government staffing
Since there is no real division of responsibility in cultural matters, we must
consider the effect of this cumulated expenditure (cross-financing) over an entire
département.
4 sectors of activity related to culture: cultural activities, library provision,
heritage and arts education.
¾ The PACA region contained nearly 145,000 local government staff at the
end of 2005.
¾ Of them, 10,500 worked in sectors related to culture, i.e. 7.2% of regional
staff.
Distribution of total operating expenditure provided by local authorities in the
region:
Bouches-du-Rhône 45 %
Source: Arcade 2008
Financing live performance
Alpes de Haute-Provence 2 .5 %
Hautes-Alpes 2 %
(This indicator is automatically higher for the more heavily populated areas. The indicator “euros per
inhabitant” corrects this bias.)
Cultural expenditure by département and per inhabitant (local and national
government combined):
151
134
120
The performing arts (theatre, circus, street arts, dance, music...), are the most
heavily-financed sector: 213 M €, on operating expenditure in 2003
¾ Central government, the Region, the six Départements: 97.8 M €
¾ 76 towns questioned: 115.5 M €
4 cities accounted for more than 75% of expenditure:
9 Marseille : 43 M €
9 Nice : 28 M €
9 Avignon : 8,5 M €
9 Aix-en-Provence : 5 M €
(Expenditure by towns is mostly by direct management and not by way of grants, because of the high
cost of certain provision.)
The artistic sectors: Expenditure by central government, the Region and
94
89
71
Source: Source: Arcade “Les financements publics de la culture en PACA en 2003”
départements
¾ Music is the most heavily-financed sector (39.3 M € in operating expenses).
¾ The theatre, circus and street arts represent 26 M € in operating expenses.
¾ Dance seems to be the least well-endowed sector with 9.3 M €
¾ Cross-disciplinary performing arts, with staff operating in more than one
field, represent nearly 24 M€.
The structures supported
¾ 1,200 structures dedicated to live performance
¾ 576 of these present music, 386 are in theatre, circus and street arts, 104 in
dance and 115 in cross-disciplinary performing arts.
Source: Arcade “Les financements publics de la culture en PACA en 2003”
93
CULTURAL PATRONAGE (1/2)
Definitions
63% of total patronage comes from businesses with 200 staff or more
Patronage: support given to a work or a person, without direct return from
the beneficiary, for exercising activities that are for the public good: cultural,
social, educational, scientific, etc.
Sponsorship: support given to an event or a person, product or organisation
with a view to receiving direct benefit.
The Patronage Act of 1 August 2003 encouraged the creation of foundations
within French businesses.
The patronage entitles the giver to a tax reduction of 60% of the amount given
in cash or in kind, up to a limit of 5% of turnover. Patronage is a gift, always net of
tax.
Patronage can be given in various ways:
¾ cash patronage
¾ patronage in kind
¾ technological patronage
¾ patronage in skills
¾ media partnership
73% of patrons are small businesses with 20 to 99 staff
36% of businesses are active in the field of culture with 39% of the budget
54% of business patrons claim tax relief
Distribution of expenditure of foundations according to their field of operation:
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Art and culture
Social services
Health / medical research
Education and training
Environment
Employment and the labour market
Science
Other
23%
21%
16%
15%
10%
7%
5%
3%
Sources: ADMICAL: “Enquête sur le mécénat d’entreprise” 2008 /
Observatoire de la Fondation de France 2006
Patronage is often given by large companies, but also by small and mediumsized concerns.
Source: www.admical.org
Patronage in PACA
In 2007, patronage in PACA represented 250 M € (10% of the national share)
40% (100 M €) was allocated to cultural patronage
Patronage in France
2.5 billion € given in patronage in 2008.
Nearly 30,000 businesses exercise patronage.
In 2006, there were 250 business foundations:
¾ 175 founded by a single business (116 M € in 2004)
¾ 75 founded by several businesses together (277 M € in 2004)
¾ 85% were state-approved
PACA is the 2nd best region in France, behind the Paris region but ahead of
Rhône-Alpes. Many private bodies raise funds. Marseille – Provence 2013 and the
CCIMP are catalysers of initiative in this.
There is no platform or regional structure for cultural patronage, but
initiatives by foundations, businesses and project leaders.
2007: An agreement signed between DRAC PACA and the regional council of
chartered accountants in Marseille PACA and Corsica for the development of
cultural patronage.
94
CULTURAL PATRONAGE (2/2)
Specialist bodies
ACT Culture 2006
¾ ADMICAL: forum for business patronage (has a centre and a regional
network)
Days organised by the CCIMP and the DRAC: first culture days. Ambition of the
CCIMP to mobilise culture as an accelerator for taking Marseille into the Top 20 of
European cities.
¾ Partners: DRAC, Espace Culture, Mécènes du Sud and the Ecureuil
business foundation.
¾ 30 businesses and 50 cultural players
¾ Regional Council of chartered accountants (CROEC) :
9 Tour of France of patronage
9 CROEC – DRAC agreement
¾ CCIMP:
9 CCIMP – DRAC agreement: promotion of cultural patronage
9 Support to training by the ARCADE and the Espace Culture
Act’Culture trophy 2006: Extra culture, association to support the opening of a
space to promote and disseminate the graphic arts.
¾ Espace Culture: patronage bureau
¾ Mécènes du Sud: 15 heads of companies (a business club whose aim is to
support contemporary arts in Marseille and the surrounding area). Some
members: Courtage de France Assurances, Groupe CFM, High Co, Olympique de
Marseille, Pébéo, Ricard SA, Société Marseillaise de Crédit, Vacances Bleues
Some cultural patrons in the region
¾ Association Regards de Provence, Reflet de Méditerranée : a EuroMediterranean award for artistic creation
¾ Crédit Agricole foundation:
9 “Pays de France” heritage initiative
9 “Label Mozaïc” modern music initiative
¾ Fondation de France, PACA branch: 506 initiatives by voluntary associations
supported in 2008 (aid of 4.4 M €)
¾ Banque Populaire group business foundation
¾ Ecureuil foundation, one of the first foundations in the region
¾ Nature et Découverte foundation
¾ Mécènes du Sud
¾ Patronage by the bank for official deposits: Urban solidarity, classical music,
young original works
¾ Mutualité Sociale Agricole patronage
Source: CRIJPA - Centre Régional Information Je²unesse Provence-Alpes, 2008
References
Cézanne Exhibition 2006: total budget of 9.2 M €, of which 1.5 M € from
patronage.
Picasso – Cézanne Exhibition, from 25 May to 27 September 2009, in partnership
with businesses in the Aix region.
Aix en Provence opera festival
Avignon Festival
Very many cultural venues have partners’ clubs made up of businesses that
support their activities and enjoy various advantages: Boxes at the theatre, private
showings, etc.
Future projects
Camp des Milles: a project at the planning stage supported by Lafarge and the
Ecureuil foundation, in memory of the deportation.
Marseille 2013: more than 70 economic players players in the region are
supporting and financing the project “Marseille Provence – European capital of
Culture 2013”. The aim is to provide 15% of the total budget of the operation.
A gift from the Maja Hoffmann foundation of 100 M €: Financing the creation of
the “Cité de l’image”, an 8-hectare site in Arles. Rehabilitation of disused railway
property.
95
THE PRINCIPAL PUBLIC BODIES
The Regional Department of Cultural Affairs
A decentralised service of the Ministry of Culture and Communication
Its aims:
¾ Local planning and expansion of audiences: DRACs, using project
contracts between central government and the region, establish
partnerships with local authorities (regions, départements and communes),
city contracts and cultural development agreements.
¾ Artistic and cultural education: DRACs give annual operating grants to
approved music schools, and in some regions, to art schools. They run
projects in liaison with education authorities and other government
services to promote artistic and cultural education in schools and
universities, and in other places frequented by children and young people
(crèches, leisure centres, etc.). Artistic and cultural education involves
understanding of heritage, an introduction to artistic languages and an
approach to contemporary creation.
¾ Staff: nearly 150 people
¾ Cultural economy, DRACs:
9 Take part in structuring the economic sector of culture.
They offer help and advice to cultural businesses.
9 Support the development of cultural patronage.
9 Manage the implementation of projects to train and qualify
cultural players and where necessary help to finance them.
9 Distribute information on employment law as it applies to
cultural jobs and take steps to ensure it is correctly applied.
(1/2)
The PACA Regional Council
CULTURE AND HERITAGE DEPARTMENT: applies the cultural policy adopted by
the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Regional Council. It stimulates international
exchanges (both the European and Euro-Mediterranean axes), encourages and
supports operators, and assists and supports cultural projects.
http://www.regionpaca.fr
REGIONAL ARTS BOARD: intervenes on behalf of the Regional Council in all fields
of the arts: live performance, cinema, audiovisual, books and reading, heritage, plastic
and visual arts, and scientific and technical culture. Its activities are based on three lines
of approach:
¾ Local planning and increasing audiences
¾ Cultural development
¾ Promotion and publishing
(See p. 57 for statistical data on the establishment)
http://www.laregie-paca.com
http://www.paca.culture.gouv.fr
96
(2/2)
THE PRINCIPAL PUBLIC BODIES
L’Agence Régionale du Livre
Le Fonds Régional d’Art Contemporain
L'Agence Régionale du Livre PACA: The PACA regional book agency was
created in 2003 by the PACA Regional department of Cultural Affairs and the
Regional Council as part of the 2000-2006 plan, a contract between the
government and the region.
¾ Task: to encourage cooperation between all the players active in the
domains of developing books, reading and writing.
¾ It records, coordinates and networks together the existing resources
and encourages all partnership activities. As a centre of resources around
books and reading, it develops information, training and advisory
activities, and coordination and networking projects.
¾ Staff: 8 people
http://www.livre-paca.org
L’Agence Régionale du Patrimoine
The ARP - (the regional heritage agency), is part of a perspective of crossfertilisation and diversification of ways of learning about and promoting
monuments and initiatives around historic buildings in the region: publications,
coordination of heritage-related research, setting up a survey of the economic and
social side-effects, a fund of documents, expert advice and support to local
initiatives, diffusion of good practice, networking and professionalisation of
players, combating social exclusion, teaching and outreach, participation in
European programmes and international exchanges.
¾ Created in January 2001 at the initiative of the Regional Council and
the Ministry of Culture.
¾ Staff: 6 people
http://www.patrimoine-paca.com
The aim of the FRAC (Regional Contemporary Arts Fund) in PACA is to create and
circulate a collection of contemporary art, to programme and set up temporary
exhibitions, programmes of meetings, talks and publications, and to organise activities to
raise awareness and teach a range of audiences (schoolchildren, students and adults).
¾For more than 20 years it has done substantial work to find and support youthful
talent which means it now has a collection representing the major trends in
contemporary art internationally.
http://www.fracpaca.org
L’ARCADE
ARCADE (the regional agency for the performing arts in Provence-Alpes-Côte
d’Azur) provides services in the fields of information, promotion, training and
development of music, dance, theatre, street arts and the circus in the region.
¾ It provides resources for professionals and project managers, students and
researchers, people changing careers and for those who appreciate and attend live
performances.
¾ A training centre offering ongoing professional training to managers of cultural
businesses: production, distribution and sources of finance, administration,
managing productions and cultural businesses, communication and public relations.
¾ An observatory of the performing arts, producing indicators, research and
analysis along three lines: employment and training, public financing, and the
activities of the performing arts.
¾ A place for discussion and promotion: organises talks and discussions with
professionals on the performing arts, sets up ways of promoting artists and cultural
organisations in the region.
¾ Staff 2009: 26 people(ETP)
The Arcade is grant-aided by the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur
and the DRAC (the regional directorate for cultural affairs of the Ministry of Culture
and Communication).
http://www.arcade-paca.com
97
11 CULTURE-RELATED POLES & PRIDES
PRIDES – Pôle Régional d’Innovation et de Développement Economique Solidaire
A label given by the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur to 30 thirty groups of economic players in the region (businesses – particularly small and mediumsized businesses – research laboratories and training centres), to try and develop joint actions on the themes of innovation, international development, the optimum use of
new technologies, social and environmental responsibility and staff training.
The regional clusters listed below are fertile ground for the various components of our region’s cultural economy.
¾ Art de vivre en Provence
The food industry and catering, decor and table decoration, the hotel and quality restaurant trade, furnishing, architecture, habitat,
textiles, perfumes, soaps and cosmetics
¾ Activargile Provence
Decoration, ceramics and all arts and crafts relating to clay
¾ Bâtiments durables méditerranéens
The construction, renovation and assessment of buildings in the region from an environmental viewpoint
¾ Carac’Terres
Socially aware local tourism
¾ Industries de la créativité et innovation – ICI
Interactions between people and the digital environment: in private and public spaces and in performance
¾ Livres et disques
The book and disc industries
¾ Mode
Fashions / Textiles / Clothing
¾ Patrimoines et cultures
Maintaining and advertising our cultural heritage (nature, historic buildings & culture)
¾ Pôle Sud Image
Cinema, Audiovisual / video games / Animation
¾ Solutions communicantes Sécurisées – SCS
Multimedia / Microelectronics / Telecommunications / Software
¾ Tourisme d’affaires et de congrès
Business tourism and conferences
Source: Conseil Régional PACA, 2009
98
A crossover between the cultural sector and the PRIDES (regional centres for innovation and socially inclusive economic development)
¾ 4 Four central markets are fed by four “support” categories into which the PRIDES fall
THE CULTURAL ECONOMY
Relative positions of the PRIDES
1
Pôle Sud Image
2
Patrimoines & Cultures
3
Livres & Disques
4
Industries de la Créativité et Innovation
5
SCS (Multimédia / Nouvelles technologies)
6
Mode, Textile, Habillement
7
Tourisme d’affaires et de Congrès
8
Art de vivre
9
Bâtiments Méditerranéens Durables
10
Carac’Terres
11
Activargile Provence
PRODUCTION
PUBLISHING
BROADCASTING
DISTRIBUTION
The 11 PRIDES related to the cultural sector cover each of the four categories composing this sector.
99
Art de vivre en Provence
(Currently in preparation)
Themes: food and wine, decoration and table-laying, hotels and haute cuisine, furniture, architecture and the
home, perfumes.
Aims: to develop businesses that fall within the six “lifestyle arts in Provence”.
These six specific arts are dressing, entertaining, decorating, tasting, living and smelling; all help to:
¾ Promote the businesses, products and image of Provence.
¾ Encourage a developmental approach to lifestyle in Provence, combining modernity and tradition.
Key data
¾ 70 potential member businesses
¾ Partnership with Euromed Marseille and the
Ceram of Nice. FRIAA: Fédération Régionale des
Industries Agro Alimentaires, CIVP: Comité
Interprofessionnel des Vins de Provence, UNIFA
Sud-Est: Ameublement, Fédération des Logis de
France, Chambre Régionale des Métiers PACA
Led by: PRIDES Art de Vivre en Provence – Chemin de la Burlière – 83170 Brignoles – Contact: Chairman
Jean-Jacques Bréban. E-mail: [email protected]
Activargile Provence
Themes: Decoration, ceramics and other arts, trades and industries related to clay.
Aims:
¾ To create value by working on design and trends, commercial development and exports (positive
tourist, cultural and heritage spin-offs).
Key data
¾ 60 member establishments
¾ Account for 1,350 jobs in the region
¾ Sectors: Ceramics, pottery, decoration and highquality tiles.
Bâtiments durables méditerranéens
Theme: The sustainable construction, renovation and assessment of buildings in the region with an
environmental approach
Aim:
¾ To make the region a leading area in eco-construction, across all the fields of new-build, renovation
and/or design (materials, energy used, etc.)
Key data
¾ About 170 players involved, including:
9 115 businesses
9 24 architects
9 20 design studios
9 11 distributors
Led by: Association Bâtiments Durables Méditerranéens – Avenue Louis Philibert – Domaine du Petit Arbois
– 13857 Aix-en-Provence – Contact: Michèle Volpe, e-mail: [email protected]
100
Carac’Terres
Theme: Affordable and socially responsible staycations.
Aims:
¾ To increase the selling capacity, the overall performance and growth of members, based on the values
of socially responsible tourism.
Key data
¾ 3,800 jobs involved
¾ Types of professionals: campsites, family hotels,
very small companies offering leisure, cultural and
sports activities.
Led by: Association Tourisme de Territoire – Le Bel Ormeau, Bâtiment H, 373 Avenue Jean-Paul Coste –
Aix-en-Provence – E-mail contact: [email protected]
Industries de la Créativité et Innovation – ICI
Themes: Interactions between people and the digital environment: in private and public spaces and in
performance.
Aims:
¾ To create a market for new cultural products
¾ To create new services for the public and new commercial relationships based on tagging (digital
linking) and communicative objects.
¾ To create a cluster dynamic centred on cultural and artistic creation beginning with the application or
the alternative use of technologies.
¾ To invent new vectors for selling cultural products in response to two trends: the hyper-segmentation
of the market and the exponential growth of B to C sales.
Led by: Association Industries de la Créativité et Innovation - 15, rue Michelet – 06000 – Nice
Contact: Olivier Eschapasse, e-mail : [email protected]
Key data
¾ 50 member businesses, 10 research and training
centres, and 30 voluntary, public or semi-public
bodies
¾ Member of most digital artists’ networks
regionally (ARPAN), nationally (RAN) and
internationally (MADE)
¾2nd-largest region in France for the number of
intermittents du spectacle
¾Some names: Doremi / Unisys / Raniou /
Marseille 2013 / INRIA / UNSA
101
Livres et disques
Themes: Book and disc industries affected by copyright.
Aims:
¾ To develop regional leadership across the complete value-chain of books and discs, through
innovation.
¾ To develop economically those commerces and industries using cultural content which are affected by
copyright.
¾ To create an open, dynamic network of players to develop innovatory projects that encourage
attractiveness.
¾ To encourage the introduction and use of new technologies in business.
Key data
¾ 90 member businesses
¾ 180 M€ turnover
¾ 1,430 jobs
¾ 200 more potential members in the sector
¾ Some names: Actes Sud / Adverbum / Harmonia
Mundi / Phonopaca / …
Led by: Association Industries et Commerces culturels, Livres et Disques PACA – 18, rue de la Calade –
13200 – Arles – Contacts: [email protected] / [email protected]
Mode
Themes: Mode / Textiles / Clothing..
Aims:
¾ To bring together the creative and innovatory abilities of the sector, its production and its access to
different markets.
¾ To support the development of a network economy.
¾ To put very small, small and medium-sized companies in touch with national and international buyers
and distributors.
¾ To extend industries and the services beyond the Textile-Clothing sector.
¾ To maintain existing jobs and to develop new ones.
Led by: PRIDES ICI Mode, 27 Bd Charles Moretti, 13014 Marseille – Contact: [email protected] /
Website: www.icimode.fr
Key data
¾ 250 member businesses including: 18% shops,
32% known manufacturers, 37% first-time
entrepreneurs, 9% craft workers and 3% fashion
contractors
¾ Aim: to create 2,000 jobs jobs in 10 years – 1,500
in retailing and 500 in manufacturing
¾ Some names: Breuer / Chacok / Faconnable / Le
Temps des Cerises / Les Olivades / Olly Gan /
Poivre Blanc / …
102
Heritage and culture
Themes: Engineering and diffusion of culture / Natural, architectural and cultural heritage.
Sectors of reference: Building and public works (renovation) / Landscape management / Bioengineering /
Shows / Multimedia / Events.
Aims:
¾ To restore, promote and preserve the heritage of a given area.
¾ To set standards of excellence and to provide the region with leadership in the areas of heritage and
culture.
¾ To promote the complete chain of skills in the relevant areas.
¾ To encourage the development of innovatory products and services.
Key data
¾ 89 member businesses and 25 public and private
laboratories
¾ 7,926 jobs
¾ Some names: A-Corros / Actes Sud / ARP /
Altearch Médiation / Guintoli / LSIS / Mérindol /
Supinfocom / …
Led by: Association Pôle Industries Culturelles et patrimoines – Av. de la 1e Division France Libre – BP 39 –
13643 Arles – Contact: [email protected]
Pôle Sud Image
Themes: Cinema / Audiovisual / Television / Video games / Animation / Multimedia / Publishing / Distribution
and broadcasting of programmes.
Aims:
¾ To open businesses up to new media: VOD (Video On Demand), mobile TV, Web TV, Podcasting.
¾ To anticipate the convergence of technologies and uses between cinema, audiovisual and multimedia.
¾ To facilitate the switchover to high definition by sharing post-production editing resources.
¾ To develop animations and video games.
¾ To encourage the emergence of a market for scientific films in the region.
Key data
¾ 30 M€ turnover
¾ 600 jobs
¾ 2nd favourite region in France for providing film
locations.
¾ Some names: Action Synthèse / Comic Strip
Production / Domino Studio / ESRA / Gamesud /
INA Med / Monkeybay Productions / Panavision /
Shibuya International / The Bakery / …
Led by: Association Pôle Sud Image – Pôle Médias Belle de Mai - 37, rue Guibal – 13003 Marseille –
Contact: [email protected]
MDER - 2009 / Panorama Cultural Economy
103
Solutions communicantes Sécurisées – SCS
Themes: Multimedia / Microelectronics / Telecommunications / Software / New technologies.
Aims:
¾ To make PACA a centre of international excellence in the field of CIT.
¾ To cover the entire CIT value chain so as to nurture innovative projects.
¾ To design and develop new solutions combining components, programs, networks and systems so as
to exchange and process information reliably and safely.
¾ To use the most promising media (Multimedia / Microelectronics / Programs / Telecommunications),
for innovatory purposes (traceability, connectivity, identity, security, convergence and mobility), in
response to rapidly-growing markets: health, tourism, security, mobile communications, risk and digital
identity.
Key data
¾ More than 330 partners and 1,200 public
researchers involved in the projects
¾ Partnership with 6 networks and business
associations: ARCSIS / Baby Smart / MedInSoft /
Medmultimed / SAME et Telecom Valley
¾ Some names: Gemalto / NXP /
STMicroelectronics / Tagssys / Texas Instruments
Led by: Association Pôle SCS – Place Sophie Laffitte – BP 217 – 06904 – Sophia Antipolis Cedex – Contact:
[email protected]
Tourisme d’affaires et de congrès
Themes: Business and conference tourism.
Aims:
¾ To energise the region as a key destination for business and conference tourism.
¾ To structure and reposition the business and conference tourism sector internationally.
¾ 3 strategic development aims:
9 A unified presence at trade shows,
9 monitor the sector / network,
9 To attract new conferences of 300 people maximum.
Key data
¾ Accounts for 4,000 jobs in the region
¾Conference centres, event venues, hotels / tour
representatives / equipment hire companies, etc.
¾ Founding networks: 2 CRT (PACA et Riviera) /
CRCI PACAC / Provence Méditerranée Congrès
¾ Some names: LSO International / Nice Acropolis
Led by: Association Provence Côte d’Azur Events – 400, Promenade des Anglais – 06000 - Nice – Contact:
[email protected] / [email protected]
104
“INTERMITTENTS” (1/2)
The French social security system recognises a special category of intermittents du spectacle:
part-time workers in the performing arts. This status is under review, so the figures should be treated with caution.
Employers (2007)
The Bouches-du-Rhône has a greater concentration of professional employers
than other départements and also 35% of the new employers in the region.
9,000 working employers in 2007, made up of:
¾ 1,874 professional employers.
¾ 7,200 employers outside the performing arts industry.
2 categories of performing arts industry employers:
¾ Professional performing arts industry employers:
9 PACA : 3rd largest region in terms of numbers, after the Ile-de-France and
Rhône-Alpes
9 75% of them were active: 1,874 professional employers
9 87% are considered to be habitual employers (more than 6 periods of activity
in the year) and 13% to be occasional (less than 6)
¾ Employers not involved in the performing arts industry (not professionals):
9 7,200 employers
9 Only 19% of them were active
2007
Professional employers
Employers not in the performing
arts industry (Guso)
TOTAL
04
51
05
43
06
336
13
952
83
250
84
242
PACA
4 874
439
411
1 217
2 282
1 536
1 331
7 216
490
454
1 553
3 234
1 786
1 573
9 090
Source: Garp / CNCS
The majority of employment earnings are generated by
professionals
3,350 of the total employers were new.
¾ PACA provides 7% of new employers nationally.
9 286 are professional performing arts industry employers and 3,068 are not in
the performing arts industry.
9 Substantial turnover rate: 15% of new professional employers and 42.5% of
employers not in the performing arts industry.
Compared with the national figures, PACA has a higher rate of professional
employers: 1 performing arts industry professional employer for every 3.8 employers
who are not involved in the performing arts industry. (e.g.: 1, for every 4.9 in RhôneAlpes)
Legal status:
¾ 74% of the professional performing arts industry employers are voluntary
bodies (compared with 58% nationally)
¾ 41% of employers not involved in the performing arts industry are voluntary
bodies (identical to the national figure). About 33% are private individuals.
Business sectors of professional employers:
¾ 73% in live performance
¾ 16% in audiovisuals (nationally, audiovisuals represent 29% of professional
employers)
Business sectors of employers not involved in the performing arts industry:
Recreational and leisure activities
(open-air centres):
Voluntary
bodies:
Administration:
Education, health, welfare:
Catering (Cafés, Hotels,
Restaurants)
Source: Arcade, 2008
105
“INTERMITTENTS” (2/2)
Employees (2007)
The Employees (2007)system recognises a special category of intermittents du spectacle: part-time workers in the performing arts.
This status is under review, so the figures should be treated with caution.
We think that:
9 There are about 6,000 employees paid as intermittents by the Pôle
Emploi (French Employment Agency).
9 There are approximately 20,000 vacancies in the region filled by
intermittents
¾ 70% worked for professional employers in the performing arts industry
¾ PACA: 2nd largest French region with about 7% of the 126,000 intermittents
employed in France, in 2005 (Source: MCC)
Classification of intermittents:
¾ 36% of intermittents recruited were women
¾ Average age: 38 years.
Categories of jobs: Artistes, technicians and managers
¾ The professional performing arts industry employers recruit:
9 52% of the artistes
9 47% of technicians and managers
managers)
(The inverse of the figures for France as a whole: 45% artistes and 54% technicians and
¾ Employers not involved in the performing arts industry in both France and the
region recruited 92% of the artistes.
Types of work undertaken by intermittents:
¾ Artistes: the music sector employees the largest number of artistes: variety
artiste, musician, singer, conductor etc.
9 49% of new employee certificates were for musicians
9 About 15% were actors
9 About 13% were dancers
9 Conductor: the number of certificates was lower but the average number of
hours was higher: 25 hours.
Idem
The Bouches-du-Rhône: 3rd largest French département for the number of
intermittents employed by performing arts professionals.
¾ 42% of total recruitments were for people resident in the region
Postes de salariés intermittents :
¾ Artistes : le secteur de la musique est prépondérant : artiste de variétés,
musicien, chanteur, chef d’orchestre…
9 49 % des déclarations d’embauches concernent des musiciens
9 Environ 15 % sont des comédiens
9 Environ 13 % sont des danseurs
9 Chef d’orchestre : nombre de déclarations le plus faible mais moyenne
d’heures la plus élevée : 25 h
¾ Technicians and managers: (average hours per declaration higher than for artistic posts)
9 59% of declarations involve professions that are common to different
sectors
9 31% involve live performance.
9 8.5% involve cinema and television
Source: Arcade 2008
Number of declarations by employees:
¾ More than 50% of intermittents made fewer than 5 declarations during the
year
¾ The PACA region has a larger proportion of low declarations (1or 2
declarations) per employee (45%), compared with only 38% nationally.
Intermittents claiming benefit: (Entitlement to unemployment benefit is subject to the number
of hours worked: 507 hours worked as intermittent in the performing arts for 319 days for artistes or 304
days for technicians)
¾ 5,900 intermittents were paid benefit in 2007
9 57% of artistes
Employment earnings: (Employment earnings are the total of gross amount paid to employees in
the establishment. This includes employees’ salaries and bonuses)
¾ Employment earnings: 87 M €
¾ PACA: 3rd largest region behind Rhône-Alpes, in spite of a higher number of
intermittents.
¾ 50% of the employment earnings is generated by the voluntary sector, 40% by
industrial and commercial companies
¾ The audiovisual sector has higher pay than the performing arts.
106
NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND CULTURE (1/3)
Development
Regional specialisms
Driven by the digital revolution, the economy is marked by the convergence of
businesses in different spheres: telecommunications, computing, media or
audiovisuals.
Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur is a region specialising in educational and cultural
multimedia: businesses are grouped into areas such as interactive writing, 3D
animation, films, video games, digital sound, portable devices, educational
entertainment, etc.
Mastering the technologies for creating and broadcasting multimedia
information, culture, knowledge and entertainment is a strategic necessity not only
for businesses and voluntary bodies, but also for the public bodies that support the
development of these activities.
It is commonly held that the advent of web 2.0 as a medium for communication
and artistic creation is essential. An ever-increasing trend…
Professions using analogue information are veering towards digital. Different
categories of profession are clustering together to provide contents provided by
companies in the service sector. E.g.: television on mobile phones .
A particularly dense network of artistes and operators have been working for
more than 10 years in these areas researching, experimenting, creating, meeting
other professionals, performing etc.
Artistic and cultural multimedia are at the heart of the development strategies
within PACA, whatever the basis for analysis: artistic, educational, social, economic
etc.
Nice, Sophia Antipolis, Marseille and Provence, are all strongly linked with the
new technologies in our region, and form a platform for cross-disciplinary coordination – a key factor in ensuring the success of multimedia projects linked with
culture:
¾ Cross-disciplinary co-ordination between creative artists, integrators and
distributors.
¾ Cross-disciplinary co-ordination between the 3 spheres associated with
multimedia: artistic, technical and financial.
¾ Very developed telecoms and logistical systems.
Key data for the sector: refer to the data given in the Multimedia part of this document and to
the slide show “Audiovisual et Multimedia en Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur”, produced by MDER in 2007.
107
3 PRIDES
(see p. 100 to 104 for details)
PRIDES Industries for Creativity and Innovation – (ICI): interactions between people and their digital environment in
private and public places – in performance.
¾ The value chain for new technologies traditionally starts with the creation of new technologies by industry and
goes as far as the end user. This Competitive Cluster’s originality is to work the chain in the region and its local
authorities from the other end: an adult user (creative artist, artiste), capable of having an influence on the
innovative process and on technological development of high tech industries.
Pôle (and PRIDES) Secure Communications Competitive Cluster - (SCS): Multimedia / Microelectronics /
Telecommunications / Software: new technologies
Sud Image Competitive Cluster: Cinema, Audiovisual, Television, Video games, Animation, Multimedia
Regional Organisations
Synergism in educational and cultural multimedia:
¾ Belle de Mai business incubator, leading national special-interest business
incubator dedicated to educational and cultural multimedia projects, Marseille.
¾ ORME - Observatoire des Ressources Multimedia en Education, Marseille. (a
multimedia resources in education monitoring centre).
¾ PRIDES Pôle Sud Image: professional regional network for the cinema, television,
animation, audiovisual and multimedia sectors.
¾ Association Professionnelle MedMultimed (Multimedia) – the multimedia section
of the SCS Competitive Cluster: Mediterranean network of multimedia content
businesses.
¾ Sections of the SCS PRIDES: ARCSIS – Association pour la Recherche sur les
Composants et les Systèmes Intégrés Sécurisés (Association for research into
Secure Integrated Systems) (CIT, Microelectronics), Medinsoft (Software),
Telecom Valley - STIC cluster (Telecommunications), Libertis (freeware)
¾ AARSE – Association des Auteurs Réalisateurs du Sud Est (Association for
writer-directors in the South-East), ARTS – Association Régionale des Techniciens
du Sud, Club Mouvement Web (Multimedia, Web investment), Dantech
(Multimedia and CIT), Enovalis (Multimedia, Web skills), ICN-PA – Industries
Culturelles Numériques du Pays d’Arles (Cultural Digital Industries for the Arles
Region) (Multimedia, new digital media), LPA – Les Producteurs Associés, Marseille
Innovation (Multimedia and photonics), OSMIA – Association pour l’Organisation
coopérative de Services Multimédias Institutionnels et Associatifs.
In PACA
Since late 2001, the cinema and audiovisual department for the DRACs
(French Regional Cultural Affairs Agencies) has been authorised to support
artistic multimedia creative arts. These agencies also coordinate DICREAM (the
scheme for aid for artistic digital creation) set up by the National
Cinematography Centre.
Réseau Régional de l’Innovation: network of all the bodies with a close or
distant involvement in innovation (technological, cultural, aoolications, etc.)
Some programmes and events:
¾ Tourism@ international Contest: new technologies as applied to tourism
– Nice.
¾ International conference “Les Nouveaux Territoires de l’Art” – Marseille
2002: discussions on the challenge of new cultural practices in historic urban
areas
¾ Seconde Nature: Festival of digital Arts and electronic cultures – Aix-enProvence
¾ Festival RIAM: festival of digital arts – Marseille
¾ “PACA Labs” programme, which aims to promote and support digital
innovation through experimental new digital uses within Provence-AlpesCôte d’Azur
108
Analysis
Not restricted to PACA
The economic and cultural revolution introduced by the advent of digital
technologies and networks is now accompanied by a break with former ways of
practicing, understanding and selling arts and heritage.
The proliferation of digital contents and CIT practices is opening up ever
more challenges and prospects for the cultural sectors. There is a growing
correlation between technological innovation and the artistic approach. The
digital culture and its new tools has a vast number of artistic expressions,
events, places... These new approaches use images, sound, texts, light,
movement, buildings … process them, design them and disseminate them using
digital tools, networks and new applications and in so doing help to renew
them in many ways, especially in the economic aspects of culture.
Digital art has been developing as an artistic type for almost 20 years and
includes a number of creative categories that use the special features of digital
language. Driven by the computer’s calculating power and the development of
electronic interfaces that enable the human subject and the artificial intelligence
to interact creatively, digital creative art has expanded considerably by
developing artistic categories that were already well identified. Particular
subcategories such as “virtual reality”, “augmented reality”, “generative art”
“interface art and “participatory art” have added to the techniques for new
artistic practices.
The activity of multimedia businesses also illustrates the impact that technology
can have on the creative process or cultural outreach. They combine several ways
of presenting information, such as sound, still or animated images and other
informative contents. This is illustrated in the creation of video games, in the
design and creation of websites and interactive terminals, in 3D animation, multimedia computer graphics, professional databases etc. These new applications keep
each other under observation and change all the artistic and heritage professions.
Culture and the media are in perpetual change with the development of digital
technologies: satellite radio, IPTV, advent of Web 2.0, electronic books and music
files, digital projection in cinemas etc. This technological revolution has an
influence on the cultural environment and its workers, starting from the design of
artistic works to marketing them and in their relationship with the public.
This leads to three major challenges:
¾ Redefining the components in the artistic and cultural chain: creation,
production and dissemination
¾ Examining the effects of these new technological platforms on business
models and on public funding
¾ Ensuring that intellectual property and copyright are respected.
109
COPYRIGHT – RELATED RIGHTS
(1/2)
Key subject, but not restricted to PACA
Conditions for protection
Definitions
Literary and artistic property rights (PLA) protect works of the mind. They
cover:
¾ Copyright: books photographs music theatrical or dramatic works,
choreography, software etc.
¾ Related rights: rights of interpretive artistes, producers of sound recordings
and video recordings, audiovisual businesses.
There are two aspects to these:
¾ Moral rights (non-transferable) composed of the right to respect for the
work, integrity right, right of disclosure, right to authorship.
¾ Economic rights (transferable) includes the right to reproduce (recording the
work in a material form) and performance rights.
Proof of protection
There are several ways of proving authorship including a recorded delivery letter
or a declaration in front of a lawyer.
Copyright:
¾ Copyright exists from the mere fact of creating or designing, even if
incomplete.
¾ It exists independently from the medium on which the work is made
(acquiring the medium does not imply acquiring the copyright).
¾ It is sufficient to prove originality, that’s to say that the author has left the
imprint of his personality on it.
¾ The author always owns the rights except for software.
Related rights give rights that are identical to copyright to people who are not
authors, but these rights must not infringe the copyright. They belong to:
¾ Interpretive artistes and anybody who performs, sings, recites, reads in public,
plays or executes any other type of literary or artistic works.
¾ Producers of sound recordings, the natural person or legal entity that took
the initiative and was responsible for the first recording in a material form of a
sound sequence.
¾ Producers of video recordings, the natural person or legal entity that took the
initiative and was responsible for the first recording in a material form of a
sequence of images with or without sound.
¾ Audiovisual communications businesses, bodies that provide an audiovisual
communications service that is made available to the public, through a
telecommunications procedure (sound, images, data etc)
Source: « Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle 2009 » www.legifrance.gouv.fr
110
COPYRIGHT AND ASSOCIATED RIGHTS
(2/2)
Key subject but not specific to PACA
Extent
Specialist bodies
Institutional bodies:
¾ INPI - Institut National de la Propriété Industrielle: the official body which
issues industrial property certificates
¾ OMPI – World-wide organisation for intellectual property
¾ APP – Agency for the protection of programs
¾ AFNIC – French association for Internet naming in cooperation
Works must be protected internationally according to the principles of the Berne
Convention.
The special feature of copyright is that protection arises from the very fact of
creation. This is an absolute protection
Duration of rights:
¾ 70 years for copyright (counting from the death of the author)
¾ 50 years for associated rights (counting from the performance, fixing or first
communication to the public).
Companies which collect and distribute copyright fees
Distinction by category:
¾ Societies of authors and publishers:
9 ADAGP - French society for the collective management of copyright in
the visual arts
9 CFC – French Centre for copyright exploitation
9 SACD - Society of Dramatic Authors and Composers
9 SACEM - Society of Authors, Composers and Music publishers
9 SAIF – Society of authors in the visual arts and the still image
9 SAJE – Society of games authors
9 SCAM - Non-commercial partnership of Multimedia Authors
9 SDI
9 SEAM – Society of Music publishers and Authors
9 SOFIA - French society for the Interests of Authors
¾ Societies of publishers:
9 AEEDRM - Association of publishers for exploiting mechanical
reproduction rights
9 SCELF – Non-commercial partnership of French language publishers
9 SEAM – Société des Editeurs et Auteurs de Musique
¾ Societies of authors:
9 SDRM - Society for administering mechanical reproduction rights
9 SESAM – Joint fund for managing copyright in the multimedia
9 SGDL - Society of writers
¾ Societies of artistes and performers:
9 ADAMI - non-commercial partnership for administering the rights of
performers, artistes and musicians
9 SPEDIDAM - Society for collecting and distributing the rights of
performers, artistes musicians and dancers
¾ Societies of producers:
9 ANGOA – national agency for managing audiovisual works
9 PROCIREP - non-commercial partnership of Cinema and Television
Producers
9 SCPA – Non-commercial partnership of Associate Producers
9 SCPP – Non-commercial partnership of gramophone producers
9 SPPF - Non-commercial partnership of gramophone producers in
France
¾ Multi-category joint societies:
9 ARP – Non-commercial partnership of Authors, directors and
producers
9 AVA – Still picture rights
9 Copie France: Society for the remuneration of private audiovisual
copying
9 Extra Média
9 GRACE
9 SORECOP - Societies for the remuneration of private sound and
audiovisual copying
9 SPRE - Society for collecting equitable remuneration of public
broadcasting of commercial sound recordings.
Source: « Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle 2009 » www.legifrance.gouv.fr
111
MEDIA AND CULTURAL DISSEMINATION (1/4)
in 2008 there were almost 200 publications (some of which have appeared nationally),
associated with culture, covering all the fields referred to in this document.
Sources: DRAC PACA, mars 2008 / ARL 2009
112
MEDIA AND CULTURAL DISSEMINATION (2/4)
Printed journal
Type
Frequency Circulation Printed journal
Type
¾ Actualité de la Scénographie
¾ Agone
¾ Alpes de lumière (Les)
¾ Antibes – Juan les Pins
Magazine
¾ Archistorm
N/A
Human science
Dance, music
Dance, music,
theatre
Architecture, art
Bimonthly
Half-yearly
Quarterly
Bimonthly
N/A
N/A
4,000
40,000
¾ Cassandre
¾ CCP / Cahier critique de poésie
¾ CES Infos
¾ Cesar
Bimonthly
N/A
¾ Architecture d’aujourd’hui (L’)
¾ Art Press
¾ Autres & pareils, la revue
¾ Avenir Côte d’Azur (L’)
Architecture
Art, culture
Literature
Dance, music,
Theatre
Dance
Literature
Cultural events
Bimonthly
Monthly
Half-yearly
Weekly
N/A
N/A
N/A
4,725
¾ CNC Info
¾ Conférence
¾ Connaissance Hellénique
¾ Correspondances Culture, dance
(Le mas de la danse)
¾ Cote Arts
Monthly
3 times / year
Bimonthly
N/A
N/A
N/A
Arts
Books
Books
Dance, music,
theatre
Audiovisual,
cinema
Literature
Books
Monthly
Annual
Quarterly
Bimonthly
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Monthly
N/A
Half-yearly
Bimonthly
N/A
N/A
Literature
Books
N/a
Art, culture
Books
Books
Literature
Performing arts
Literature
Dance, music,
theatre
Dance, music,
theatre
Dance, music,
theatre
Books
Bi-annual
Monthly
Irregular
Quarterly
Half-yearly
Annual
Half-yearly
Quarterly
Two-yearly
Monthly
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Monthly
N/A
Monthly
530,000
Quarterly
N/A
¾ Ballet 2000
¾ Basilic
¾ Bavar
¾ Beaux Arts
¾ Besace à poèmes (La)
¾ Bi Place
¾ Bollène
¾ Bref : le magazine du courtmétrage
¾ Bulletin des amis Jean Giono
¾ Bulletin des bibliothèques de
France
¾ Café Verre
¾ Cahier du refuge (Le)
¾ Cahiers (Les)
¾ Cahiers de la maison Jean Villar (Les)
¾ Cahiers de la Méditerranée
¾ Cahiers de la Narratologie (Les)
¾ Cahiers de l’Alba (Les)
¾ Cahiers de Prospero (Les)
¾ Cahiers Henri Bosco
¾ Calendrier des manifestations
¾ Cannes communication
¾ Cannes Soleil
¾ Carnets du Ventoux (Les)
¾ Cote Marseille Provence
¾ Cote Revue d’Azur
¾ Courrier d’Aix (Le)
¾ Courrier des Alpes (Le)
¾ Coursive
¾ Crash-test
¾ Critique d’art
¾ Culturecommunication
¾ Culture & recherche
¾ Culture Europe
International
¾ Cultures France Monde
¾ Cultures
¾ Cycnos
¾ Dans la rue, j’ai vu …
¾ Danube et PaprikaEuropean music
¾ D’architectures
¾ Dazibao (ARL)
¾ Bulletin d’information
de Débi-débo
¾ Dédale
¾ Développement culturel
¾ Diapason
¾ Données et territoires (Arcade)
¾ Echanges (FNCC) Culture
¾ Ecrire l’histoire
Frequency
Circulation
Literature
Literature
Culture
Dance, music,
theatre
Audiov., cinema
Books
Books
Half-yearly
Bimonthly
Half-yearly
Irregular
Bimonthly
N/A
N/A
N/A
60,000
Quarterly
Half-yearly
Quarterly
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Opera, theatre
Bimonthly
12,000
Dance, music,
Monthly
theatre
Dance, music,
Monthly
theatre
Dance, music,
Weekly
theatre
Dance, music
Weekly
theatre, street arts, circus
Dance, music,
Monthly
theatre
Literature
Bi-annual
Art
Quarterly
Culture
Monthly
Culture
Bimonthly
Art, cultural
Bimonthly
management
Culture
Quarterly
Culture
Bimonthly
Books
Half-yearly
Books
Annual
Quarterly
N/A
Architecture
Bimonthly
Books
Quarterly
Music
Quarterly
21,000
Literature
Culture
Classical music
Performing arts
Irregular
Human science
Quarterly
Quarterly
Monthly
Irregular
N/A
Half-yearly
64,000
4,500
5,000
13,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Sources: DRAC PACA, March 2008 / ARL 2009
113
MEDIAS ET DIFFUSIONS CULTURELLES
Printed journal
¾ e.LETTRE
¾ En scènes Marseille
¾ Estival Magazine (L’)
¾ Etats civils (Les)
¾ Euromedinculture
¾ Evasion Mag
¾ Event’s Magazine
¾ Fanz’yo
¾ Fanzine (Le)
¾ Ficanas (Le)
¾ Filou (Le)
¾ Filigranes
¾ Gazette de Lurs (La)
¾ GPU
¾ Haut-Parleur de
Lieux publics
¾ Hivernalier (L’)
¾ Hôpital Brut
¾ Ici, Alpes Maritimes
¾ If
¾ Il Particolare
¾ Incidences
¾ In Situ
¾ Interlude 05
¾ Intraitable (L’)
¾ Jazz man
¾ Journal intime collectif (le
Recueil)
¾ Journal Proximité
¾ Jurisculture
¾ Karwan Info
¾ Keuspasstil
¾ Let’s Motiv Méditerranée
(Marseille – Montpellier )
Type
Frequency Circulation Printed journal
Dance, music,
Monthly
Dance, music,
N/A
Social events
Quarterly
Books
Quarterly
Euro-Med. culture
Monthly
Dance, music,
Bimonthly
theatre
Dance, music,
Weekly
Dance, music,
N/A
Contemp. music
Quarterly
Dance, music,
Monthly
theatre, street arts, circus, Opera
Books
Half-yearly
Books
3 times / year
Books
Half-yearly
Books
Bi-annual
Street arts
Irregular
Contemp. dance
Arts
Dance, music,
theatre
Literature
Literature
Literature
Dance, music,
theatre
Dance, music,
theatre
Books
Music Jazz
Books
Dance, music,
theatre
Legal matters for
cultural businesses
Street arts, circus
Theatre
Current Affairs
(3/4)
Type
Frequency
Circulation
N/A
N/A
20 to
40,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10,000
800
2,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Quarterly
Two-yearly
Bimonthly
5 to 10,000
N/A
250,000
Half-yearly
Half-yearly
Annual
Monthly
N/A
N/A
N/A
17,000
N/A
N/A
Quarterly
Monthly
Irregular
N/A
N/A
N/A
Monthly
40,000
Monthly
N/A
N/A
Quarterly
Monthly
N/A
N/A
35,000
¾ Lettre (La)
¾ Lettre du CSA (La)
¾ Lettre du musicien (La)
¾ Lettre du spectacle (La)
¾ Liqueur 44
¾ Littera la trame des jours
¾ Live in Marseille
¾ Local Contemporain
¾ Maison Côté Sud
¾ Marges linguistiques
¾ Marginales
¾ Marseille
¾ Marseille Info
¾ Marseille le Jour et la Nuit
¾ Mentonnais à la Une (Le)
¾ Mésogée
¾ Méthode !
¾ Mois à Cannes (Le)
¾ Monde de la musique (Le)
¾ Monde de San Antonio (Le)
¾ Moniteur Architecture (Le)
¾ Monsieur Thérèse
¾ Mosaïque
¾ Mouli-Marsi
¾ Moussons
¾ Mouvement
¾ Mouv’in
¾ Musiques & cult. digitales
¾ Nioques
¾ Nord-Sud passage
¾ Nouveau musicien (Le)
¾ Nouvelle Vague
¾ Nu(e)
¾ Observatoire (L’)
¾ Objectif Méditerranée
¾ Officiel des Loisirs (L’)
Sources: DRAC PACA, march 2008 / ARL 2009
Performing arts
Culture
Music
Performing arts
Literature
Literature
Events
Town planning
Dance, music,
theatre
Books
Books
Cultural review
Dance, music,
theatre
Dance, music
Dance, music,
theatre
Books
Books
Events
Music
Books
Architecture
Literature
Books
Books
Books
Performing arts
Dance, music,
Music, culture, TIC
Literature
Literature
Music
Contemporary music
Books
Cultural politics
Dance, music,
theatre
Dance, music,
theatre
Quarterly
Monthly
Monthly
Bimensuelle
3 times / year
3 times / year
N/A
Annual
Bimonthly
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
190,000
Half-yearly
Annual
Quarterly
Bimonthly
N/A
N/A
4,000
40,000
Monthly
Monthly
20,000
2,500
Annual
Half-yearly
Monthly
Monthly
Quarterly
Monthly
N/A
Half-yearly
Irregular
Half-yearly
Bimonthly
Monthly
N/A
N/A
14 to 18,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Monthly
Irregular
Annual
Monthly
Monthly
3 times / year
Quarterly
Bimonthly
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10,000
N/A
N/A
20,000
Weekly
13,000
114
MEDIAS ET DIFFUSIONS CULTURELLES
Printed journal
¾ Papier music
¾ Paris Côte d’Azur
¾ Patriote Côte d’Azur
¾ Pays Vésubien
¾ Performarts
¾ Pensée de Midi (La)
¾ Photo nouvelles
¾ Pierre d’angle
¾ Planète Marseille
¾ Poiesis
¾ Policultures
¾ Portulan
¾ Potins de scène
¾ Potins du Brigadier (Les)
¾ Préoccupations
¾ Projections
¾ Propos de campagne
¾ Prosper
¾ Reflets Magazine
¾ Notre Région
¾ Régional (Le)
¾ Repères
¾ Revue des archers
¾ Revue des eaux claires
¾ Revue la nuit
¾ Revue marseillaise du théâtre
(La)
¾ Riveneuve continents
¾ Saisons de la danse (Les)
¾ Salmigondis
¾ Semaine
Type
Frequency Circulation
Classical and
N/A
contemporary music
Arts, performing arts Monthly
dance, music,
Weekly
jazz, theatre
Books
Annual
Culture
Quarterly
Books
3 times / year
Photography
Bimonthly
Books
Annual
dance, music,
Monthly
theatre
Books
N/A
Cultural
Monthly
& artistic politics
Books
Two-yearly
Dance, jazz,
Monthly
classical & romantic music
theatre
Bimonthly
Books
3 issues/2 yrs
cinema, Audiovisual Bimonthly
Literature
Half-yearly
Cultural diary
Bimonthly
(Vaucluse)
dance, music,
Monthly
theatre
dance, music,
Quarterly
theatre
dance, music,
Weekly
theatre
Culture
Irregular
Books
Half-yearly
Books
Irregular
Books
N/A
theatre
Bimonthly
Books
dance
Books
Arts
Half-yearly
Monthly
Half-yearly
Weekly
N/A
10,000
12,500
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
(4/4)
Printed journal
¾ Lettre (La)
¾ SCAPA
¾ Scène (La)
¾ Semaine des spectacles
¾ Provence Côte d’Azur (La)
¾ Sept infos
¾ Sirada (La)
¾ Soleils et cendre
¾ Sorgue
¾ Souffle de Perse
¾ Strada (La)
¾ Tarente (La)
¾ Techniques & Architectures
¾ Télérama
¾ Terrain
¾ Trottinette
¾ (Un)Limited store
¾ Vaucluse Magazine
23,000
¾ Ventilo
2,261 000
12,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
¾ Vertigo
¾ Vibrations
¾ Vu du Pont
¾ Yoyo
¾ Zibeline
Type
Frequency
Performing arts
Quarterly
Classical and
Quarterly
contemporary music
Performing arts
Quarterly
dance, music,
Weekly
theatre
dance, music,
Weekly
theatre
music, art,
N/A
theatre
Literature
Bimonthly
Literature
Half-yearly
Literature
Two-yearly
dance, music,
Bimonthly
theatre
dance, music,
Quarterly
Architecture
Bimonthly
Culture, social issues
Weekly
Culture
Half-yearly
dance, music,
Monthly
Arts
N/A
dance, music,
Monthly
Dance,
Weekly
contemporary music, theatre
cinema
Half-yearly
Opera
Weekly
dance, music,
Quarterly
theatre
Contemporary music,
Monthly
theatre
dance, music,
Monthly
Circulation
N/A
N/A
N/A
24,000
N/A
37,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
20 to 50,000
20,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
270,000
20,000
N/A
N/A
50,000
10,000
25,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Sources: DRAC PACA, March 2008 / ARL 2009
115
MARSEILLE – PROVENCE 2013: European capital of culture
Objectives: Enriching the cultural scope of the Barcelona process
(1/2)
Area of the candidature
Create a sustainable hub in the area for creative artists from Europe and the
Mediterranean in all disciplines of art and thought where they will be welcomed,
and where they can produce and transmit their work; its common thread being
Euro-Mediterranean intercultural dialogue
Develop artistic and cultural activity as the engine for revival for the city by
bringing together four aspects:
¾ Quality of public open spaces
¾ Outreach
¾ Citizens’ participation
¾ Drawing power of the conurbation
Concept
The “Ateliers de l’euro-méditerranée”: Training and creative workshops for
artists and citizens from Europe and the Mediterranean.
¾ Workshops in businesses
¾ Workshops run by voluntary welfare groups
¾ Workshops run by voluntary arts groups
In 2008: 10 pilot-scheme workshops
In 2013: from 200 to 250 workshops will be set up in businesses and in artistic
and educational establishments
9 conurbations
2.2 million inhabitants
This translates as
Projects
10 building programmes for Euro-Mediterranean cultural establishments
begun in 2008, including the MUCEM*, the Mediterranean Regional Centre, la
Cité des arts de la rue and the Silo in Marseille; the Cité de l’image in Arles
etc. (Expected opening in late 2012)
¾ Total investment of 570 M€, by all the players involved in the
candidature
¾ These are part of the overall strategy of the “Schéma de Cohérence
Territoriale - land development plan” (SCOT) adopted in 2008.
Exceptional effort to encourage public and private contracting
¾ 6 films dealing with the place of women in Mediterranean
¾ A “European Artists’ Funfair” commissioned from 10 architects and
visual artists from 10 countries
Strategy 1: “Sharing the South” (European-wide) with the themes:
¾ Migrations and memories
¾ Values and beliefs
¾ Sex and gender issues
¾ Sharing water
Strategy 2: “The Radiant City” (local) with the themes:
¾ Art in public spaces
¾ Walkers – nomads – territories
¾ A thousand and one nights
¾ Everyone is involved
*
MUCEM: Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations
116
MARSEILLE – PROVENCE 2013: European capital of culture
Programme
4 seasons of events and shows planned for the year of major importance:
¾ Inaugural events
¾ The celebration of otherness
¾ Voyages by water
¾ Sails of fashion
11 exhibitions
25 major structuring events, including 2 new festivals:
¾ “InterMed”: in the spheres of contemporary creative art and young
audiences
¾ “Via Marseille” : European event based on art and the city.
(2/2)
Sponsors
More than 200 players from the
region:
businesses,
institutions,
voluntary bodies etc. including:
¾ Best Western
¾ Caisse d’épargne
¾ CMA - CGM
¾ Ernst & Young
¾ Grand Port Maritime de Marseille
¾ Pernod – Ricard
¾ Société Marseillaise de Crédit
¾ etc.
250 Euro-Mediterranean workshops: participatory projects in voluntary bodies,
schools, cultural establishments, businesses etc.
www.marseille-provence2013.fr
6 summer festivals already existing in: Aix en Provence, Arles, La Roque
d’Anthéron and Marseille will be exploited for the occasion.
After 2013
The 2013 year will be closed by “The amateurs’ night”.
The newly constructed venues will make a permanent mark on MarseilleProvence’s cultural life and its Euro-Mediterranean mission.
Budget
Budget of 98 M€ for the years 2009 to 2013 (excluding investment)
¾ Organisation: 18 M€
¾ Advertising and Deployment: 11 M€
¾ Events : 69 M€
The “Celebration of otherness” and the “The amateurs’ night” will be
continued, along with the Euro-Mediterranean workshops making permanent
meeting places.
4 new structuring programmes:
¾ Central market, le théâtre des cuisines (kitchen theatre) – feminist
company,
¾ Trafic (urban culture)
¾ The International Biennale of Circus Arts
¾ The savoir-fêtes
Source: Association “Marseille Provence 2013”, 2008
117
Regional events
management
Businesses
Events
118
REGIONAL EVENTS MANAGEMENT: Businesses (1/3)
The events and/or programmes of the companies involved are not listed here
Professions
Establishments coming under : “Organisation of fairs, professional trade
fairs and conferences” of INSEE’s SIRENE category (Naf 82.30Z) include the
professions of:
¾ Organising, promoting and managing events (trade fairs, markets, talks,
conferences, meetings etc.) whether or not this includes the management
and provision of people to staff the installations
¾ Organising second-hand markets
¾ Organising trade fairs intended for the general public
Key data
700 establishments, providing on average 1,600 jobs
¾ 600 have no employees (80%)
¾ 100 have between 1 and 5 employees (15%)
¾ 15 have 6 to 9 employees (2%)
¾ 8 have more than 10 employees (1%)
Geographical distribution:
¾ About 40% of establishments are in the Bouches-du-Rhône,
¾ 32% in the Alpes Maritimes
¾ 16% in the Var
55% of establishments are concentrated in 11 towns in the region
Legal status: about 60% of the establishments are SARL (limited liability
companies)
80% of them were created after 2000
References
Some major businesses:
¾ Comité d’organisation de la foire de Nice: between 6 and 9 employees
¾ Foire internationale de Marseille (SA): between 20 and 50 employees
¾ SEMEC: a semi-public company covering events in Cannes: between 250
and 499 employees.
¾ LSO international has 3 establishments in the region (Vallauris, Biot and
Marseille) and employs between 50 and 99 staff
Examples
In 2009, a Picasso-themed tourist and cultural route through the region,
offered in Sorgues, Ménerbes and Avignon (84), Les Baux-de-Provence,
Vauvenargues and Aix-en-Provence (13), Antibes, Vallauris and Cannes (06).
The “Bienvenue chez vous” event, organised by the Regional Council over
15 days from 30 January to 15 February 2009. Open to the general public with
presentation and activities in 250 regional tourist sites. Major themes include
culture and traditions, life-style, nature, industrial and scientific tourism.
http://bienvenuechezvous.régionpaca.fr
119
REGIONAL EVENTS MANAGEMENT: The events (2/3)
Events
Source: Arcade / Base Agenda 2007-2008
PACA, was France’s second-largest region for the number of festivals, events and performances
in 2007:
¾ 11,560 shows listed (almost 23,300 performances)
Source: Centre National des Variétés, 2007
9 including 1,848 musical concerts (apart from classical)
9 About 40 classical music concerts (in 2009)
9 60% of the musical programmes took place out-of-season (spring and autumn).
9 The theatre, shows and music predominated
¾ 535 events counted
9 including almost 400 festivals
9 Shows (music, dance, theatre): almost 220 events in 2009
Some internationally famous recurrent cultural events
¾ Nice Carnival (06)
9 Annual, in February/March
9 Popular culture, performance street art
9 Audience: international
9 113,500 tickets issued, receipts estimated at 1.35 M€ (2008)
¾ Festival of Sacred Music (06)
9 Nice
9 Annual, in June
9 Religious music
¾ Cannes International Film Festival (06)
9 Annual, in May - Cinema & audiovisual
9 200,000 participants, including 36% foreign visitors
9 20 M€ budget
916,000 jobs involved with an 180 M€ estimated economic spin-off
¾ “Jazz in Juan” Festival
9 Antibes Juan-les-Pins (06)
9 Annual, in July
9 International Jazz Forum
¾ Nice Jazz Festival (06)
9 Annual, in July
9 Attendance 2008: 55,000.
¾ MIDEM Trade Fair
9 Cannes (06)
9 Annual, in January
9 International forum for disks and music and video publishing
9 Attendance 2009: 8,000 visitors from 80 countries
9 Also hosts the international “NRJ Music Awards” song awards ceremony
¾ MIPTV/MILIA trade fair
9 Cannes (06)
9 Annual in March/April
9 Digital audio-visual content. Audience: international
911,500 visitors from 105 countries and almost 1,600 exhibitors, 50 talks
and 150 participants.
¾ Dock des Suds: Trade Fairs and festivals; Babel Med Music and Fiesta des
Suds
9 Marseille (13)
9 Annual, Babel Med Music in March and Fiesta des Suds in October
9 2 Festivals of contemporary and world music
¾ Aix-en-Provence Opera Festival (13)
9 Annual, in June/July. Audience: international
9 75,500 visitors in 2008, budget of 19.2 M€
¾ International Piano Festival of La Roque d’ Anthéron (13)
9 Annual, in July/August
9 Piano, music
9 Attendance 2008: more than 80,000 visitors and 400 artists.
¾ International Documentary Festival FID
9 Marseille (13), Annual, in July
9 Professionals from 18 countries
9 35 films competing, including 30 world premières
¾ Marsatac Festival
9 Marseille (13). Annual, in September
9International Festival of world music
¾ Arles international photography festival (13)
9 Annual from July to September
9 52 exhibitions in 2008
9 60,000 visitors and 4,600 professionals in 2008
¾ Hyères International Fashion and Photography Festival
9 Villa Noailles, Hyères (83). Annual, in July.
9 Fashion and photography awards and exhibitions
9 300 young creative artists and 80 photographers in 2008
¾ Choregies d’Orange (84)
9 Annual, in July
9Opera Festival
9 60,000 visitors in 2008.
¾ Avignon Festival (84)
9 Annual in July – Theatre
9 Audience: international (10% are foreign visitors)
9 100,000 visitors in 2008.
910 M€ budget and 23 M€ in economic spin-off
120
REGIONAL EVENTS MANAGEMENT
(3/3)
121
Research and training in the
cultural sector
¾ The data presented make reference to some of the research and training centres offered in the region that cover the
professions and businesses presented in this panorama. They are not intended to be exhaustive but to illustrate the diversity
and wealth of what is on offer.
¾ In order to show details of the research and training and make it accessible, we have followed the panorama’s system of
categorising by cultural sector. We have split up some sectors for easier reading (e.g. dance, Music, Theatre). Similarly, we
have brought together some areas that are specific to education: Cultural outreach, theory and art history …).
¾ Only a summary of data on this subject is presented here. The complete listing is available as an appendix, in the
document “Training in the cultural sector in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur”.
Training General matters
Training –
cumulated data
Laboratories and
research centres
122
TRAINING: GENERAL POINTS (1/4)
See also the summary on p. 19 or the detailed listing in the appendix “Training in the cultural sector in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur”
Professions
List of frequently used abbreviations
The “Cultural Education” category of INSEE’s SIRENE classification
(Naf 85.52Z) brings together:
¾ Teachers of piano and other music courses
¾ Art courses
¾ Drama schools (apart from university departments)
¾ Fine art schools (apart from university departments)
¾ Schools for the performing arts (apart from university
departments)
¾ Schools of photography (apart from professional diplomas)
¾ Independent schools and teachers of dance
Key data
432 institutions, representing about 1,000 jobs (on average)
¾ 324 have no employees (75%)*
¾ 80 have from 1 to 5 employees (18.5%)*
*(outside
¾ 17 have from 6 to 9 employees (5.3%) *
sector)
¾ 11 have more than 10 employees (1.2%)*
the public
About 35% of the institutions are in the Bouches-du-Rhône, 30% in the Alpes
Maritimes
Legal categories
¾ 275 are professionals (65%)
¾ 27 are registered voluntary bodies (30%)
The MCC has identified almost 2,500 teachers working in local authorities in
Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur.
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
BM: Brevet de Maîtrise
BMA: Brevet des Métiers d'Art
BP: Brevet Professional
BT: Brevet de Technicien
BTS: Brevet Technique Spécialisé
CFA: Centre de Formation des Apprentis
CNAM: Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers
CNFPT: Centre National de la Fonction Publique Territoriale
CPGE: Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Ecoles
CRC: Conservatoire à Rayonnement Communal
CRCI : Conservatoire à Rayonnement Communal et Intercommunal
CRD: Conservatoire à Rayonnement Départemental
CRR: Conservatoire à Rayonnement Regional
DMA: Diplôme des Métiers d’Arts
DNAP: Diplôme National d’Arts Plastiques
DNAT: Diplôme National d’Arts et Techniques
DNSEP: Diplôme National Supérieur d’Expression Plastique
DT: Diplôme de Technicien
DTS: Diplôme de Technicien Supérieur
DUT: Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie
IAR: Institut d’Aménagement Regional
LASH: Lettres Arts et Sciences Humaines
LEP : Lycée d’Enseignement Professional
LSH: Lettres et Sciences Humaines
LACS: Lettres, Arts, Communication et Sciences du langage
MCC: Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication
MIM Mathématique Informatique, Mécanique
PRO: Professi²onal
REC: Recherche
RNCP: Registre National des Certifications Professionnelles
UFR: Unité de Formation et de Recherche
-
Sources: Information compiled using the following sources:
Atlas des formations de l’ONISEP, www.onisep.fr
Site Internet of L’ETUDIANT, www.lletudiant.fr
ARCADE: Agence Régionale PACA des Arts du Spectacle
DRAC PACA: Direction Régionale des Affaires Culturelles
ARP : Agence Régionale du Patrimoine
ARL: Agence Régionale du Livre
123
TRAINING: CUMULATED DATA (2/4)
Sources: Atlas ONISEP, The ETUDIANT website, ARCADE , DRAC PACA
ARCHITECTURE
¾ 2 universities (Aix-Marseille I & III), offering 9 Masters degree,
¾ 5 schools (including the Marseille ENSA), offering 12 diplomas and 1
Masters degrees,
¾ 1 training body, offering 12 areas of study,
¾ 7 high schools and vocational high schools, offering 14 training programms.
¾ These institutions concentrated in 2 departments:
9 Alpes-Maritimes
9 Bouches-du-Rhône
CRAFTS
¾ 6 schools, offering 10 diplomas,
¾ 19 training bodies (including 15 CFA), offering 52 areas of study,
¾ 24 high schools and vocational high schools, offering 104 training courses,
including:
9 24 Vocational Bacs
9 15 18+ school-leaving diploma,
9 57 vocational training certificate,
9 4 BMA / DMA
¾ These institutions evenly distributed throughout the 6 départements.
PERFORMING ARTS – MULTIDISCIPLINARY TRAINING
¾ 6 universities, offering 13 diplomas (including 5 Masters degree and 3 first
degrees),
¾ 28 academies, offering 47 teaching courses, including:
9 4 regional (CRR), offering 18 teaching courses,
9 4 for the département (CRD), offering 4 teaching courses,
9 20 local authority or inter-local authority (CRC and CRCI),
offering 25 teaching courses.
¾ 38 training bodies offering 41 areas of study,
¾ 10 high schools and vocational high schools offering 20 training courses
including:
9 8 general Bacs
9 4 CPGE
¾ These institutions evenly distributed throughout the 6 departements.
STREET ARTS
¾ 11 training bodies, offering 10 areas of study
¾ These institutions concentrated in 2 départements:
9 Alpes-Maritimes
9 Bouches-du-Rhône
GRAPHIC AND PLASTIC ARTS (Visual Arts)
¾ Université Aix-Marseille I (2 departments), offering 4 diplomas (preparation
for the teaching diploma examinations, secondary school teaching diploma,
Masters degree & first degree),
¾ 8 schools of arts, offering 29 diplomas of arts,
¾ 9 schools, offering 16 diplomas as preparation for schools of art,
¾ 26 high schools and vocational high schools, offering 35 training courses
(general, professional and technology Bacs, vocational training certificate)
¾ Institutions distributed in 4 of the 6 departements in the region (excluding
départements in the Alps).
CINEMA - AUDIOVISUAL
¾ 4 universities, with 9 university departments, offering 20 diplomas (including
12 Masters degree and 5 first degrees),
¾ 1 training body (CADASE), offering 3 training courses,
(from Bac to the 18+ school-leaving diploma/vocational training certificate).
¾ Institutions distributed in 4 of the 6 departements in the region (excluding
départements in the Alps).
COMMUNICATION
¾ 6 universities, with 16 departments, offering 43 diplomas (including 1
Postgraduate Professional Diploma, 19 Masters degrees, and 8 first degrees)
¾ 16 schools, offering 23 diplomas (including 8 Masters degree)
¾ These institutions mainly concentrated in two departements
9 Alpes-Maritimes
9 Bouches-du-Rhône
124
Sources: Atlas ONISEP, The ETUDIANT website, ARCADE , DRAC PACA
DANCE
¾ 2 universities, with 2 departments, offering 2 diplomas, including 1
Masters degree,
¾ 4 national schools (Marseille and Cannes), offering 8 National Diplomas,
¾ 7 schools, offering 7 training courses,
¾ 24 training bodies, offering 34 training courses and diplomas,
9 Alpes-Maritimes
9 Bouches-du-Rhône
DESIGN - DECORATION
¾ 2 training bodies, offering 2 areas of study,
9 Alpes-Maritimes
9 Bouches-du-Rhône
9 Var
BOOKS AND READING
Masters degree and 4 first degrees),
¾ These institutions concentrated in Bouches-du-Rhône
CULTURAL OUTREACH, INSTITUTION and ADMINISTRATION
Masters degree and 7 first degrees),
¾ 2 schools (in Aix-en-Provence), offering 2 training courses,
¾ 11 training bodies, offering 12 training courses.
¾ Institutions distributed in 4 of the 6 départements in the region
(excluding départements in the Alps).
FASHION
¾ Aix-Marseille II University, offering 1 first degree,
¾ 2 training bodies, offering 2 training courses,
(including 4 BTS, 21 eighteen + school-leaving diploma, 8 vocational training
certificates).
¾ Institutions distributed in 5 of the 6 départements in the region (apart
from Hautes-Alpes).
MULTIMEDIA
Masters degrees, 13 first degrees, 5 DUTs),
¾ 16 schools, offering 27 diplomas and training courses,
¾ 1 high school and vocational high schools, offering 1 BTS.
¾ Institutions evenly distributed over all 6 départements, with the Bouchesdu-Rhône predominating.
MUSIC
Academies and schools with Ministry approval
¾ 28 academies, offering 47 teaching courses, including:
9 4 regional (CRR), offering 18 teaching courses,
9 4 for the département (CRD), offering 4 teaching courses,
9 20 local authority or inter-local authority (CRC and CRCI),
offering 25 teaching courses.
¾ These academies evenly distributed throughout the 6 départements.
Techniques, application and teaching
¾ 5 universities, with 10 departments, offering 18 diplomas including:1 PhD, 2
Masters degrees, 4 first degrees, secondary school teaching diploma, CAPES
DU, preparation for the teaching diploma),
¾ 41 training bodies, offering 43 areas of study and diplomas,
¾ 9 high schools and vocational high schools, offering 7 general Bacs and 2
musical training courses.
¾ Institutions distributed in 5 of the 6 départements in the region (apart
from Hautes-Alpes) with Bouches-du-Rhône predominating..
125
NATUREL AND CULTUREL HERITAGE
¾ 4 universities, with 8 departments, offering 15 diplomas (including: 10 Masters degrees and 5 first
degrees),
¾ 3 training bodies, offering 11 training courses and diplomas,
¾ 2 high schools and vocational high schools, offering 6 training courses.
¾ Institutions distributed in 4 of the 6 départements in the region (excluding départements in the Alps).
PHOTOGRAPHY
¾ Aix-Marseille Université I, with 3 departments, offering 3 diplomas (including: 1 Masters degree and 1
first degree),
¾ 6 schools, offering 7 diplomas (from the professional Bac to National Diploma),
¾ 2 training bodies, offering 2 vocational training certificate,
¾ 1 vocational high school, offering 2 training courses.
9 Bouches-du-Rhône
9 Var
ART THEORY AND HISTOIRY
¾ 2 universities, with 6 departments, offering 12 diplomas (including 10 Masters degree,1 first degree, 1
DU),
¾ 4 high schools and vocational high schools, offering 4 general Bacs.
9 Alpes-Maritimes
9 Bouches-du-Rhône (predominant)
9 Var
Sources: Atlas ONISEP, The ETUDIANT website, ARCADE, DRAC PACA
126
SOME LABORATORIES AND RESEARCH CENTRES (1/3)
Total: 53 laboratories, research and experimental centres, including:
¾ 15 for heritage,
¾ 10 (and 2 voluntary bodies) for music,
¾ 11 cross-disciplinary
¾ 4 for books and reading.
The activities of some laboratories illustrate the upheaval but also the
prospects offered to artistic creation by new technologies and digital arts.
ARCHITECTURE
¾ GAMSAU: Research group for the Application of Scientific Methods to
Architecture and Town planning, Marseille
¾ UMR 694 MAP: Models and Simulations for Architecture, Town
planning and Landscaping (CNRS) Marseille
CRAFTS
¾ LSFC: Laboratory for the Synthesis and functional applications of
Ceramics (CNRS), Cavaillon
PERFORMING ARTS
¾ CREAC: European Research Centre for Arts of the Circus, Marseille
¾ INFRAT: Research and Training Institute in Art Therapy, Avignon
¾ GRETE: Research and Experimentation Group for Theatre and
Teaching, Marseille
¾ Observatory of Artistic and Cultural Practices in the MJC youth
organisations, Aix-en-Provence. (FRMJC Mediterranean: Regional
Federation of MJCs)
VISUEL ARTS
¾ CIRVA: International Centre for Research on Glass and Plastic Arts,
Marseille
¾ CAIRN: Informal Art Centre for Research on Nature, Digne-les-Bains
AUDIOVISUAL, CINEMA - MULTIMEDIA
¾ A large number of research laboratories., Refer to Panorama MDER 2007: “Audiovisual and Multimedia in
PACA”
BOOKS AND READING
¾ CIPM – International Poetry Centre, Marseille
¾ CICL – interregional Centre for the Conservation of Books, Arles
¾ The Vis-à-vis Workshop – Research Laboratory for artistic creation and
cultural objects, Marseille
9 F.I.L.A.C. - International Collection of Creative Books
9 Research and development centre for the arts and professions of books and
printing
¾ Centre for open electronic publishing (CNRS), Marseille
INFORMATION - COMMUNICATION
¾ I3M: Information, Environment, Media, Outreach Laboratory - Université de
Nice-Sophia Antipolis and Université du Sud Toulon-Var (Institut Ingémédia)
¾ LSIS: Information and Systems Sciences Laboratory (CNRS), Marseille and
Aix-en-Provence
¾ Communications Systems (CNRS), Sophia Antipolis
¾ Medi@SIC: Research Laboratory on the Media, Information and Knowledge,
Université de la Mediterranée – Aix-Marseille
¾ GERSIC: Study and Research Group in Information and Knowledge Science,
Université Paul Cézanne – Aix-Marseille
Sources: FRAC, ARCADE, DRAC and The Régie Culturelle, 2008
127
MUSIC
¾ Locus Sonus - Audio art research laboratory of. Partnership between:
9 École Supérieure d'Art in Aix-en-Provence,
9 École Nationale Supérieure d'Art in Nice Villa Arson
9 École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Marseille
¾ GMEM: Groupe de Musique Expérimentale, Marseille. Awarded the title
“Centre National de Création Musicale”
¾ GRIM–Groupe de Recherche et d’Improvisation Musicale, Marseille
¾ Université de Nice: Research Centre for the analysis and interpretation
of musical documents
¾ CIRM: Centre International de Recherche Musicale, Nice. Awarded the
title “Centre National de Création Musicale”
¾ MIM: Laboratoire de Musique et Informatique (music and computing
laboratory) in Marseille
¾ CARMA: Centre Associatif de Recherches Musicales et Artistiques,
Nice
¾ LMA: Laboratoire de Mécanique et d’Acoustique – Computer-assisted
music – CNRS, Marseille
BUILT AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
¾ CICRP: Centre Interrégional de Conservation et Restauration du
Patrimoine, Marseille
¾ INRA: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Branches in
Avignon and Sophia Antipolis
¾ La Tour du Valat: Research Centre for the conservation of
Mediterranean wetlands
¾ DESMID: Dynamique Ecologique et Sociale en Milieu Deltaïque (CNRS –
University of the Mediterranean), Arles
¾ CEREGE: Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des
Géosciences de l’Environnement, Europôle de l’Arbois – Aix-en-Provence
¾ Centre archéologique du Var: Conservation, restoration and research
laboratory, Draguignan
¾ Conservatoire des Restanques, Mediterranean orchard and garden,
Marseille
BUILT AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (continued)
¾ CRP2A: Centre de Recherche en Physique Appliquée à l´Archéologie
(Research Centre for Applied Physics in Archaeology), Marseille
¾ Conservatoire national botanique on the island of Porquerolles.
¾ Conservatoire botanique national alpin in Gap Charance
¾ MAPA: Musée de l’Arles et de la Provence Antique – Archaeological
Laboratory
¾ DRASSM: Department for Research in Underwater and Submarine
Archaeology
9 National body relocated to Marseille, under the auspices of the
National Heritage Board (archaeology branch) of the Ministry of Culture
9 Tasks: evaluating and cataloguing marine cultural objects, protection,
research and investigations, disseminating knowledge.
¾ IRAA : Institut de Recherche sur l‘Architecture Antique (CNRS), Aix-enProvence
¾ Laboratoire d'archéologie médiévale méditerranéenne (CNRS), Aix-enProvence
¾ CCJ: Centre Camille Jullian - Archéologie méditerranéenne et africaine
(CNRS), Aix-en-Provence
TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS – PFTs
(French Ministry for higher education and research)
¾ Mechanical engineering, Aix-en-Provence,
¾ Gas power, Marseille
¾ Food industry, Avignon
¾ Marine engineering and maritime trades, Toulon
¾ PRISM – Plate-forme Réseau pour l'Interactivité de Services Multimédia (a
new technology transfer and development organisation), Arles
¾ Bio-ressources, Dignes
Sources: FRAC, ARCADE, DRAC and La Régie Culturelle, 2008
128
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY
¾ CYPRES - Centre Interculturel de Pratiques, Recherches et Echanges
Transdisciplinaires - Friche Belle de mai, Marseille
¾ The Camargo Foundation: Research centre for social and human sciences
associated with French and French-speaking cultures. Supports creative artists
in the fields of writing, visual arts, photography, video, cinema and music, Cassis
¾ CNCDC: Centre National de Création et de Diffusion Culturelle de
Châteauvallon, Ollioules
¾ LERM: Laboratoire d‘Etudes et de Recherches sur les Matériaux, Arles
¾ Centre de Droit et Economie de l’Université Paul Cézanne (Aix-Marseille 1):
Research in intellectual property and cultural law
¾ SHADYC: Sociology, History and Anthropology of Cultural Dynamics
(CNRS), Marseille (EHESS)
¾ Anthropologie bio culturelle (CNRS), Marseille
¾ MMSH: Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme (CNRS), Aix-enProvence
¾ Maison des sciences de l'homme de Nice (Human sciences) (CNRS)
¾ Laboratoire Culture et Communication, Université d’Avignon. Main
research areas:
9 Giving heritage status to cultural objects
9 Methods of providing outreach for knowledge and culture
9 Audience response to film and theatre
9 Epistemological and methodological considerations on the communications
approach
OTHER RESEARCH BODIES: voluntary, businesses etc.
¾ Arthéa: voluntary body for research in sound and the manufacture of
experimental percussion instruments. Creating new sounds with
contemporary materials and techniques such as stainless steel and metal,
Grasse
¾ Association Raku: Knowledge and manufacture of fundamental musical
instrument protypes. Use of natural and artificial materials, Toulon
¾ Atelier d’exploration harmonique: research centre specialising in the
invention and creation of new stringed instruments for microtonal music.
Manufacture of disks and photosonic instruments, aquaphones, sound
sculptures, bottle-sticks, AEH monochords, public address systems, Le
Thoronet
Sources: FRAC, ARCADE, DRAC and La Régie Culturelle, 2008
129
Appendices
Lists of bodies and
infrastructures
Resource centres
Acknowledgements
130
BODIES AND INFRASTRUCTURES (1/2)
Summary of data illustrated throughout the other chapters
Bodies
Facilities
Heritage: 2,144 historic monuments
¾ National museums: 118
¾ Art centres: 5
¾ Art-lending libraries: 5
¾ Départemental lending libraries: 6
¾ Municipal lending libraries: 222
¾ University libraries: 6
¾ Local records offices: 74
Departments of the Ministry of Culture and Communication
French Regional Cultural Affairs Agency - DRAC, Aix-en-Provence (13)
Departmental Architecture and Heritage Offices - SDAP in each département
Department for Research in Underwater and Submarine Archaeology - DRASSM, Marseille (13)
Overseas territories records office - CAOM, Aix-en-Provence (13)
Ministry of Culture Board for public establishments and those treated as such Centre for national
monuments - CMN, Aix-en-Provence (13)
¾ National Institute for research and rescue archaeology - INRAP, Marseille (13)
¾ Interregional Centre for Conservation and heritage restoration – CICRP, Marseille (13)
Performing arts:
¾ Planning Committee for the Museum of Civilisations from Europe and the Mediterranean ¾ National and regional theatres: 2
MUCEM, Marseille (13)
¾ Scènes nationales (nationally approved theatres): 4
¾ Musée Marc Chagall, Nice (06)
¾ Scènes conventionnées (nationally subsidised theatres): 8
¾ Musée Fernand Léger, Biot (06)
¾ Opera houses: 2
¾ Musée Picasso, Antibes (06)
¾ Permanent orchestras: 2
¾ Ecole nationale supérieure d’art de la Villa Arson, Nice (06)
¾ Professional instrumental and vocal ensembles: 24
¾ Ecole d’architecture de Marseille-Luminy (13)
¾ Contemporary music concert halls: 15
¾ Ecole nationale supérieure de la photographie d’Arles (13)
¾ National choreography centres: 2
¾ Ecole nationale supérieure du paysage: Mediterranean Branch, Marseille (13)
¾ Conference centres
Others
Source
: Préfecture
de région
Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, 2008
¾ Musée de la Tour Carrée de Sainte Maxime (83),
folklore
and local
traditions
Cinema
¾ Arts Centre “Le Carré Léon Gaumont ”, Sainte Maxime (83), Auditorium, resources centre,
¾ Cinema auditoria in operation: 190
3rd largest region in France cinema screens and lecture hall
¾ Screens: 450 (78,000 seats)
¾ Espace de l’Art Concret (contemporary art centre), Mouans-Sartoux (06)
¾ Centre Culturel Municipal de Mandelieu-la-Napoule (06)
Art education:
¾ Salle de spectacle Jules Vernes, Bandol (83)
¾ Schools of art: 6
¾ Centre culturel A. David Neel, Digne les Bains (04), Museum, aid agency and Tibetan shop
¾ School of architecture:1
¾ L’incubateur-pépinière national de la belle de Mai, dedicated educational and cultural multimedia,
¾ Academies serving the Region: 4
Marseille, (13)
¾ Academies serving the Département: 4
¾ The Roman theatres in Orange and Vaison-la-Romaine (84)
¾ Academies serving the Local Authorities: 20
¾
¾
¾
¾
Source: « Chiffres clés 2008 – statistiques de la culture » La documentation française 2008
131
BODIES AND INFRASTRUCTURES (2/2)
Bodies
Network of associated bodies
¾ Agence régionale des arts du spectacle (Arcade)
¾ Agence régionale pour le patrimoine (ARP)
¾ Agence régionale du livre (ARL)
¾ Fonds régional d’art contemporain (FRAC)
¾ Archives départementales (county record offices)
¾ Conseil régional de l’ordre des architectes (CROA)
¾ Conseils d’architecture, d’urbanisme et d’environnement (CAUE)
(architecture town planning and environment boards)
¾ Association départementales de la musique et de la danse (ADDM)
¾ Centre de formation des Musiciens (CEFEDEM)
¾ Centre de formation des musiciens intervenants (CFMI)
¾ Ecole régionale d’acteurs de Cannes (ERAC)
¾ Institut supérieur des techniques du spectacle d’Avignon (ISTS)
¾ Ecole nationale de danse de Marseille
¾ Centre chorégraphique national d’Aix en Provence,
¾ Ballet national de Marseille,
¾ Centres dramatiques nationaux de Nice et de Marseille
¾ Scènes nationales in Gap, Martigues and Marseille
¾ Cannes international film festival
¾ Avignon international festival
¾ Festival international d’art lyrique d’Aix en Provence (international
opera festival)
¾ France 3 région
¾ Radio France
¾ France Bleue
Source: Préfecture de région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, 2008
Interprofessional alliance
¾ Interprofessional alliance for culture in PACA,
9 Composed of: the UFISC PACA (Union Fédérale d’Intervention des
Structures Culturelles), and other artistic and cultural federations, professional
associations and unions in the region
9 represents 1,800 associations employing more than 4,800 FTE staff
9 Includes:
FEDUROK, Fédération Nationale de Lieux de Musiques Amplifiées/Actuelles
FSJ, Fédération des Scènes de Jazz et de Musiques Improvisées
SMA, Syndicat national des petites et moyennes structures non lucratives
Contemporary music
SYNAVI, Syndicat National des Arts Vivants
LA FEDERATION, Professional association for street arts
SCC, Syndicat du Cirque de Création
CITI, Centre International pour le Théâtre Itinérant
CHAINON FNTAV, Fédération des Nouveaux Territoires des Arts Vivants
ZONE FRANCHE, A network for world music
FNEIJMA, Fédération Nationale des Ecole d'Influence Jazz et Musiques Actuelles
SNSP PACA, Syndicat National des Scènes Publiques PACA
URF CGT, Union Régionale Fédérale des Syndicats CGT du Spectacle
SNAP, Syndicat National des Artistes Plasticiens – CGT
SYNPTAC, Syndicat National des Professionnels du Théâtre et des Activités
Culturelles – CGT
L’Intersyndicale du ministère de la culture (cfdt, cgt, fo, fsu, cftc, unsa, sud)
TREMA, Territoire Régional et Musiques Actuelles
ARPAN, Association Régionale des Professionnels des Arts Numériques en Paca
CERCLE DE MIDI, Régional Federation of Le Chaînon / FNTAV
RESEAU SCENE(S), Network of six theatres in the Toulon conurbation
AC PACA, Dancers in the Paca region
Groupe du 27, Association of live performing arts in Aix en Provence
Collectif 25 février, Collectif des intermittents et précaires de Vaucluse
Non-affiliated associations for audiovisual and the cinema
Artistes, audiences, managers of voluntary bodies etc.
132
RESOURCE CENTRES
Including:
Resource centres (continued)
Resource centres
¾ Atelier vis-à-vis, Conservatoire des arts et métiers du livres, Marseille.
¾ ADCEI – Association pour le Développement Culturel Européen et
International, Marseille. Special interest: Europe.
¾ ADDM 84 - Association Départementale de Développement Musique, danse et
arts du cirque de Vaucluse, Avignon. Special interests: circus arts, dance, music,
contemporary music.
¾ ADEM 06 - Délégation Départementale à la Musique et à la Danse des AlpesMaritimes, Nice. Special interests: dance, music, contemporary music, theatre.
¾ ADIAM 83 - Association Départementale d‘Information et d‘Actions Musicales
et chorégraphiques du Var, Brignoles. Special interests: dance, music, contemporary
music.
¾ Arcade PACA – Agence régionale des arts du spectacle, Aix-en-Provence.
Special-interests: circus arts, street arts, dance, music, theatre, culture.
¾ ARL - Agence Régionale du Livre, Aix-en-Provence. Special interest: Books,
reading.
¾ AJMI – Association pour le Jazz et la Musique Improvisée, Avignon. Special
interests: jazz and improvised music.
¾ Café Provisoire, Manosque. Special interest: music.
¾ CDMDT 05 – Centre Départemental Musique Danse Théâtre des Hautes-Alpes,
Gap. Special interests: dance, music, contemporary music.
¾ Centre de design, Marseille.
¾ Documents d'artistes, performers’ directory, Marseille.
¾ DRAC PACA – Direction Régionale aux Affaires Culturelles, Aix-en-Provence.
Special interest: culture.
¾ Espace Culture, performer’s directory, Marseille.
¾ Europe Direct – Centre Régional Information Jeunesse, Marseille. Special
interest: Europe.
¾ Fonds Régional d’Art Contemporain (FRAC), Marseille.
¾ Icart (art and society), Avignon.
¾ Institut de la mode, Marseille.
¾ Editions LMX, Marseille.
¾ Médiathèque intercommunale, Miramas.
¾ Place des arts (art and society) , Toulon.
¾ Pôle Information Musique, Cavaillon.
¾ Pôle culture ADAI 13 (art and society), Marseille.
¾ Karwan, Marseille. Special interests: Circus arts, street arts.
¾ Pôle Info Musique / AGESCA - Wide-ranging activities in cultural and artistic
education and support, Marseille.
Art-lending libraries
¾ Artena, Marseille
¾ Artothèque Antonin Artaud, Marseille
¾ Artothèque - Espace Van Gogh, Arles
¾ Artothèque-médiathèque, Miramas,
¾ Cypres - Centre Interculturel de pratiques, recherches et échanges
transdisciplinaires - Friche Belle de Mai, Marseille
¾ Sextant et plus- Friche Belle de Mai, Marseille
9 Multimedia Cultural Centres – ECM : (out of the 150 in
France)
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Centre culturel René Char, Digne-les-Bains
Le hublot, Nice
Espace Magnant, Nice
ZINC / Espace culture, Friche de la belle de Mai, Marseille
Bibliothèque Méjane, Aix en Provence
Médiathèque Louis Aragon, Martigues
Tandem, Toulon
MJC, Apt
La Gare Coustellet, Maubec
Source: DRAC 2008
Sources: Arcade 2008 / FRAC 2008
133
Special thanks to:
9 Clément Mahoudeau, employed for 1 year on this work, and responsible for part of it.
& (in alphabetical order)
9 Agence Régionale du Livre – ARL
9 Agence Régionale du Patrimoine - ARP
9 Arcade – Agence régionale des arts du spectacle
9 Association Marseille Provence 2013 : European capital of culture
9 Chambre Régionale des Métiers et de l’Artisanat (and its network in the département)
9 Conseil Régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur : Direction de la Culture et du Patrimoine, Direction de l’Economie, Direction du
Tourisme et Régie Culturelle Régionale.
9 Direction Régionale aux Affaires Culturelles - DRAC
9 Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques – INSEE PACA
9 Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication – MCC its statistical department: DEPS
9 Secrétariat Général aux Affaires Régionales - SGAR
And also for their help:
9 Alliance Française des Designers
9 Association Pixel 13
9 Association pour la Gestion de la Sécurité Sociale des Auteurs – AGESSA
9 Association pour le Développement Culturel Européen et International - ADCEI
9 Association pour le Développement du Mécénat Industriel et Commercial - ADMICAL
9 Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie Marseille Provence (+ Club ambition Top 20)
9 Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie Nice Côte d’Azur
9 Chambre Régionale de Commerce et d’Industrie – CRCI PACAC
9 Chambre Régionale de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire – CRESS PACA
9 Cité des Arts de la Rue
9 Conseil Général des Alpes-Maritimes : service de la culture
9 Conseil Général des Bouches-du-Rhône : service de la culture
9 Comité Régional du Tourisme PACA
9 Comité Régional du Tourisme Riviera
9 Conseil Régional de l’Ordre des Architectes - CROA
9 Coupd’crayon
9 Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Photographie d’Arles
9 Ecole Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de Marseille - ESBAM
9 Editions Actes Sud
9 EPA Euroméditerranée
9 Espace Culture, Bureau du Mécénat
9 Fondation Ecureuil (savings bank)
9 Fonds Régional d’Art Contemporain – FRAC
9 Grand Théâtre de Provence
9Lézarap’Art: a neighbourhood cultural action group
9 Groupement Phonopaca
9 Harmonia Mundi
9 Institut Régional pour la Création et le développement des Entreprises - IRCE
9 Maison de l’Architecture et de la Ville
9 Maison de l’Artisanat et des Métiers d’Art
9 Maison des Artistes
9 Marteen Noyons Media Consultancy
9 Mécène du Sud
9 Minami Design
9 Musée Réattu, Arles
9 Nephtys Finance
9 Observatoire des Politiques Culturelles
9 Observatoire Léonardo pour les arts et les technosciences
9 PRIDES Industries Culturelles & Patrimoines
9 PRIDES Industries de la Créativité Innovation – ICI
9 PRIDES Livres & Disques
9 PRIDES ICI Mode
9 PRIDES Pôle Sud Image
9 PRIDES Tourisme d’Affaires et de Congrès
9 Sophia Alpes-Maritimes Promotion
9 Syndicat des Producteurs des Alpes-Maritimes - SPAM
9 Var Accueil Investisseurs
9 Team Côte d’Azur
9 Union des Conseils en Communication – UCC PACA
9 Union des Photographes Créateurs – UPC Méditerranée
9 Unistatis
9 Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - UNSA
9 Vaucluse Développement
9 Ville de Marseille : Affaires culturelles
9 Ville de Nice : Affaires culturelles
134
Published by MDER – September 2009
MISSION DE DEVELOPPEMENT ECONOMIQUE REGIONAL
Contact : Bruno de FORESTA
22, rue Sainte Barbe
BP 32064 – 13203 Marseille Cedex 01
Tél. +33 496 170 740 / Fax : +33 491 900 158
Email : [email protected]
Web : www.mder-paca.com
135

The cultural economy in Provence-Alpes-Côte d`Azur.

Transcription

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