Napoleonic France, 1799 1815

Napoleonic France, 1799 ­ 1815 Napoleon Bonaparte as a young Officer
1 2
1796 – Napoleon crossed the Alps & drove the Austrians out of Northern Italy. He then turned N. Italy into the Cisalpine Republic and integrated the French political model.
3 Napoleon Crossing the Alps in 1800 Jacques Louis David
4 Napoleon Bonaparte 1769 ­ 1821 “I’ve got FANCY PANTS, FANCY PANTS, FANCY PANTS!” “My stomach itches too.”
5 1798 ­ ­ Napol. Invaded Egypt to drive the British fleet out of the Mediterranean, cut off British access to India, and damage British trade. Napoleon was defeated by British Admiral Horatio Nelson.
6 British Admiral Horatio Nelson
7 In 1798, the Second Coalition (Russia, Austria, Ottoman Empire, and Britain) against France was created!!
8 The Rosetta Stone Jean
Jean Francois
Francois Champollion
Champollion
9 Coup d’etat of Brumaire (November), 1799
10 Accomplishments of The Consulate, 1799­1804: 1. Temporary peace with other countries, 1799­1802 2. *** The Concordat of 1801 3. *** The Napoleonic Code (Civil, Civil Procedure, Criminal Procedure, Commercial, Penal) 4. Reforms of Law and Administration
11 Concordat of 1801 a Napoleon wanted to heal
the divisions within the
Catholic Church that had
developed after the
confiscation of Church
property and the Civil
Constitution of the Clergy. a But, Napoleon‛s clear intent
was to use the clergy to
prop up his regime.
regime. 12 Lycee System of Education a Established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform. a Lycées initially enrolled the nation‛s most talented students
[they had to pay tuition, although there was some financial help
available for poorer student]. a Lycées trained the nation‛s future bureaucrats.
bureaucrats. 13 “Here I am! Save me, save me!”
24 December 1800 Assassination Attempt on Napoleon 14 Napoleon as Emperor on his Imperial Throne, 1804
15 “Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David December 2, 1804
16 Napoleon’s Throne
Throne 17 Haitian Independence, 1792­ 1804 Toussaint L‛Ouverture
18 Louisiana Purchase, 1803 $15,000,000
19 Napoleon’s Major Military Campaigns 1805:
France à
Sea
Power
ß Britain
Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!)
20 21
Battle of Austerlitz
22 23
Europe in 1800
Europe in 1800 24 Napoleonic Europe
Napoleonic Europe 25 26
27
1807 Battle of Friedland
28 Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I meeting on a raft in the middle of the Niemen River after the Russians were defeated in the Battle of Friedland. Defeated Prussian King Frederick William III paced nervously on the river bank!
29 30
Tsar Alexander I of Russia EMPEROR OF THE EAST
31 The Continental System
The Continental System 32 Peninsular Campaign: 1807­ 1810 1806: France à
Continental
System
ß Spain
Portugal
e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System. e France wanted Spain‛s support to invade Portugal. e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!
33 “The Spanish Ulcer” a Napoleon tricked the Spanish
king and prince to come to
France, where he imprisoned
them. a He proclaimed his brother,
Joseph, to be the new king of
Spain. a He stationed over 100,000 Fr
troops in Madrid. a On May 2, 1808 [Dos de
Mayo] the Spanish rose up in
rebellion. a Fr troops fired on the crowd
in Madrid the next day [Tres
34 de Mayo].
]. “Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
(1810) 35 Spanish Colonies in Latin America at the time of Latin American Revolts of Independence (1808)
36 37
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, French Foreign Minister
38 First Wife, Josephine
39 Empress Josephine
40 Marie Louise (of Austria) married Napoleon on March 12, 1810 in Vienna
in Vienna 41 Marie Louise (of Austria) with Napoleon’s Son (Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles: 1811­ 1832)
1832) 42 Failure of the Continental System
43 The “Big Blunder” ­­ Russia a The retreat from Spain came
on the heels of Napoleon‛s
disastrous Russian Campaign
(1812-1813). a In July, 1812 Napoleon led his
Grand Armee of 614,000 men
eastward across central Europe
and into Russia.
§
The
The Russians
Russians avoided
avoided aa direct
direct
confrontation
confrontation with
with Napoleon.
Napoleon.
§
They
They retreated
retreated to
to Moscow,
Moscow, drawing
drawing the
the French
French into
into the
the
interior
interior of
of Russia
Russia [hoping
[hoping that
that it‛s
it‛s size
size and
and the
the weather
weather would
would
act
act as
as “support”
“support” for
for the
the Russian
Russian cause].
cause].
§
The
The Russian
Russian nobles
nobles abandoned
abandoned their
their estates
estates and
and burned
burned their
their
crops
crops to
to the
the ground,
ground, leaving
leaving the
the French
French to
to operate
operate far
far from
from 44 their
their supply
supply bases
bases in
in territory
territory stripped
stripped of
of food.
food. 45
Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow a September 14, 1812 à Napoleon reached Moscow,
but the city had largely been abandoned. a The Russians had set fire to the city.
city. 46 Moscow Is On Fire!
Moscow Is On Fire! 47 Napoleon’s March to Moscow – Histor. Document
48 49
Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow
50 51
Battle of Waterloo
52 Napoleon Abdicates! e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his
son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional
surrender. e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11. e Treaty of Fontainbleau à exiles Napoléon to
Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000
francs. e The royalists took control and restored
Louis XVIII to the throne.
throne. 53 Napoleon in Exile on Elba
Napoleon in Exile on Elba 54 Louis XVIII (r. 1814­1824)
(r. 1814­1824) 55 56
th “The War of the 7 Coalition” 1815: France à
Napoleon‛s
“100 Days” ß Britain, Russia.
Prussia, Austria,
Sweden, smaller
German states
e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on
March 1, 1815 à the beginning of his 100 Days. e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the
Austrians.
Austrians. 57 Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo (June 18, 1815) Duke
Duke
of
of
Wellington
Wellington
Prussian
Prussian
General
General
Blücher
Blücher
58 59
Napoleon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena
St. Helena 60 Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena
Helena 61 Napoleon’s Tomb Hotel de las Invalides, Paris
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