Biodiversity Survey of Chandragiri Hill, Kathmandu, Nepal

Biodiversity Survey of Chandragiri Hill, Kathmandu, Nepal
Report submitted to HIMAWANTI Nepal
Prepared By:
Small Mammals Conservation and Research Foundation
Kathmandu, Nepal
Research Team:
Hem Bahadur Katuwal
Hari Basnet
Kanchan Parajuli
Sandesh Lamichane
Mangkal Rai
Small Mammals Conservation and Research Foundation (SMCRF)
Kathmandu, Nepal
Cover Photographs:
Chinese Pangolin, Maroon Oriole (Upper from left to right)
View of Community forests of Chanragiri Hill from Bandevi-Ganeshdevi CF (Central)
Chocolate Pancy, Variegated Mountain Lizard (Lower from left to right)
All Photos© SMCRF 2015
i
Acknowledgements
We would like thank HIMAWANTI-Nepal for providing fund for conducting this survey and
special thank goes to Dibas Babu Panta, Project Director of HIMWANTI for his coordination.
Similarly, we would like to thank all the people from the community forests for their kind
support and suggestions during the field work. Special thank goes to Friends of Birds team
for joining the bird watching program in the Chandragiri hill.
Also, we would like to thank Kaustuv Raj Neupane and Suraj Baral of Small Mammals
Conservation and Research Foundation for arranging, helping and supporting in the field
work.
ii
Executive Summary
Two Important Bird Areas lie in Kathmandu valley, but having potentiality, Chandragiri hill is
not explored. It lies in the south of Kathmandu Valley representing the true mid hills of
Nepal which is rich in biodiversity, but constantly being threatened due to habitat
destruction. We explored the biodiversity of Chandragiri hill with species focus to birds and
mammals along with the butterfly and herpeto fauna. The study was carried out in July 2015
in six adjoining Community Forests (CFs) of Chanragiri hill within the elevation of 1400-2425
m a.s.l. Six community forests were Mahakal Community Forest, Ganeshdevi-Bandevi
Community Forest, Chandragiri Community Forest, Mahalaxmi Community Forest, Setidevi
Community Forest and Laglagepakha Community Forest which cover 618 ha forest of
Chandragiri Municipality ward 1, 5, 6, and 10 of Kathmandu district. We used both direct
and indirect method (camera trapping, sign survey) for mammals, transect survey for birds
and opportunistically recorded all the butterfly and herpeto fauna seen during the field
work.
We recorded 13 species of mammals, 137 species of birds, 53 species of butterfly and nine
species of herpeto fauna in entire field survey. Higher number of species (all taxa) were
recorded from Chanragiri CF. Large Indian Civet was most camera trapped species and we
also camera trapped the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin while many of its burrows
were distributed throughout the Chandragiri hill. We recorded three globally, five nationally
threatened and two protected mammal species of Nepal. Chandragiri hill was found to be
suitable habitat for the summer visitor birds, where we recorded 11 species; e.g. Greybellied Cuckoo (Cacomantis passerines), Drongo Cuckoo (Surniculus lugubris), Eurasian
Golden Oriole (Oriolus oriolus) etc. Two nationally threatened bird species, Barn Owl (Tyto
alba) and Pied Thrush (Zoothera wardii) were recorded.
Chandragiri hill has the potential for attracting the national and international tourists for
bird watching and other activities like hiking, sight-seeing, research activities etc. Till date,
Chandragiri CF which has good road excess and has beautiful sight will attract the visitors,
however if ecofriendly trails and facilities needed for the visitors is provided without
disturbing the biodiversity, other CFs also has the potential for attracting the tourists for
hiking and bird watching event. However, awareness at local people against the habitat
destruction, hunting of species and importance of tourism is necessary. This study is carried
out in summer season only, we recommend for another survey in winter season to make
robust inventory of biodiversity of the Chandragiri hill.
Keywords: Important Bird Area, biodiversity, community forest, mammal, bird, butterfly,
herpeto fauna, Chandragiri hill
iii
Table of Contents
1.
2.
Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1
Background....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2
Rational of the study ........................................................................................................ 1
1.3
Objectives of the study .................................................................................................... 1
1.4
Limitation of the study ..................................................................................................... 2
Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Study Area ............................................................................................................................. 3
2.2
3.
Methods ........................................................................................................................... 3
Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................. 5
3.1 Biodiversity components of the Chandragiri Hill .................................................................. 5
3.1.1 Mammals: .................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.2
Birds: .................................................................................................................... 6
3.1.3
Butterfly: .............................................................................................................. 6
3.1.4 Herpeto-fauna: ......................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Potential Sites for the bird watching..................................................................................... 7
3.3 Threats Identification ………………………………………………………………………………………………...7
4.
Conclusion and Recommendations ......................................................................................... 8
5.
References ............................................................................................................................... 9
6.
Appendices ............................................................................................................................ 10
iv
List of Figures
Figure 1 Google extracted map of study area in Chandragiri Hill showing all six community
forests. ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2 Overview of mammals recorded in Chandragiri Hill .................................................... 5
Figure 3 Overview of sign survey with pangolins burrow in Chandragiri Hill ............................ 6
v
1. Introduction
1.1
Background
Kathmandu valley which lies in the mid hills of Nepal is rich in biodiversity (Baral and Inskipp
2005, Ghimire 2008). It encompasses three districts; Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur,
each enclose pristine forests having unique flora and fauna. Shivapuri-Nagarjun National
Park (SNNP) and Fulchoki Mountain Forest are two Important Bird Areas of Nepal identified
by BirdLife International (Baral and Inskipp 2005) due to presence of different globally
threatened species and other unique flora lie in the Kathmandu valley. SNNP is a home for
102 species of butterfly, 318 species of birds and 21 species of mammals (excluding bats and
rodents) whereas more than 300 species of birds has been recorded from Fulchowki forest
(Ghimire 2008, DNPWC 2015). Besides these, Taudha, Suryabinayak Forest, Sanku, Farping,
Bajrabarahi forest etc. of Kathmandu valley is also expected to have higher diversity of
butterfly birds and mammals.
1.2
Rational of the study
Chandragiri hill lies very close to the Fulchoki Mountain Forest and near to the north south
corridor of Parsa Wildlife Reserve–Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park–Langtang National
Park. Both of these areas hold high biodiversity value (Baral and Inskipp 2005, WWF 2013),
but there is no any scientific study on Chandragiri hill in spite of its higher biodiversity value.
Due to its magnificent views to the Himalayan range, Chandragiri might attract lots of
visitors; however less study has been carried in time being.
SNNP represents true mid hill’s protected area, though less scientific work are carried out
on it. Chandragiri hill also represent true biodiversity of mid-hills of Nepal like the SNNP,
thus its comprehensive research is necessary. As a result, we have designed this research
work to identify the biodiversity of the Chandragiri hill, especially focusing birds and
mammalian fauna along with butterfly and herpeto fauna.
1.3
Objectives of the study
The main objective of this study is to explore the biodiversity of Chandragiri range.
However, the specific objectives were:



Assessment of species richness of butterfly, herpeto fauna, birds, and mammals
Assessment of Chandragiri hill as a potential site for tourism
Threats identification for the biodiversity
1
1.4
Limitation of the study
This study was conducted in monsoon season which made more difficult to assess their
biodiversity because of the following reasons:



It is difficult to move in the core forest due to large bushes, steep slopes, excessive
rain, leech etc. and mammals have least movement during the monsoon season.
Here we have recorded only recorded one season resident and summer visitor birds,
lacks the record of winter migratory birds
Chandragiri hill (landscape) occupies larger areas, but this study is focused only on
six adjoining community forests at Thankot Godam.
2
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
Chandragiri range is situated to south of Kathmandu District as evergreen hill. It borders the
Kathmandu valley with the Makwanpur district. We have chosen six community forests (CF)
of Chandragiri hill for the biodiversity study (Figure 1). Six community forests are Mahakal
Community Forest, Ganeshdevi-Bandevi Community Forest, Chandragiri Community Forest,
Mahalaxmi Community Forest, Setidevi Community Forest and Laglagepakha Community
Forest which cover 618 ha forest of forest of Chandragiri Municipality ward 1, 5, 6, and 10 of
Kathmandu district. Among the six community forests, Chandragiri community forest is the
largest with an area of 431.47 ha while Ganeshdevi-Bandevi has the smallest area of 8.09
ha. Vegetation is of mixed type with Schima spp., Castonopsis spp., Pinus spp., Alnus spp.,
etc. The hill contains both natural and reforested forest. Most of the people depend upon
the forest resources for their livelihood, though we recorded less presence of human in the
forest in monsoon season.
Figure 1 Google extracted map of study area in Chandragiri Hill showing all six community
forests.
2.2
Methods
This study was carried out in middle of monsoon season (July -2015). In this study, we have
focused to explore the birds, mammals, butterflies and herpeto fauna richness that exist on
the Chadragiri hill. Six community forests have different areas, so we have spent more time
in larger areas and vice versa. As Chandragiri CF has larger area, and has a road excess to the
3
top of the hill, we focused more on it. We went to the top of the Chandragiri hill and
recorded the birds, butterflies and mammals of the area. We also organized bird watching
event with the help of Friends of Birds and Bird Conservation Nepal in Chandragiri CF, where
27 active bird watchers had participated in the program. Due to steep slopes and
unavailability of walking trails, bushes in other community forests, we cannot cover all
areas, but as far as possible we tried to cover all the parts of the forests. We spend Six days
in Chandragiri CF, and three days each in Mahalaxmi CF, Setidevi CF and Laglagepakha CF,
and finally three days in combining Mahakal CF – Ganeshdevi-Bandevi CF, as Mahakal CF is
very small in area and it is difficult to find the trial in the Ganeshdevi-Bandevi CF due to
bushes, rain and steep slopes.
We have used following methods for the survey of butterfly, herpeto fauna, birds, and
mammals:
Butterfly: We used the trail as transects to record the butterflies species. We recorded all
the butterflies opportunistically during the entire field visit. Butterflies were photographed
and identified with the Field Guides to Nepal’s Butterfly by Smith (1994). We did not
separately recorded butterfly for each community forests as we are not capturing the
butterflies and they were very less present in the other community forests except
Chandragiri CF due to dense canopy and rain.
Herperto fauna: Opportunistic method is used to record the Herpetofauna species in all the
Community forests. Opportunistic method is done during morning between 6:30 hr to 12:00
hrs and 16:00 hrs to 17:00 hrs of the day during the bird survey, sign survey and camera trap
installation process. The sighted species is captured by the Cannon HxS 50X camera later
with the help of field guide Herpeto fauna of Nepal by Shah and Tiwari (2004).
Birds: We used line transect method (Bibby et al. 2000, Thomas et al. 2002, Urfi et al. 2005)
to record the birds diversity in each community forests. The survey was done in each
morning between 6:30 hrs to 12:00 hrs of the day. We recorded all the birds that were seen
or heard during the entire transect work. Opportunistic birds sighted in the survey area
besides transect also included to prepare overall species. We used bird field guide Birds of
Nepal by Grimmett et al. (2000) for species identification and unidentified recorded call of
birds were identified by matching the bird call with the Xerocanto.org.
Mammals: We used both direct and indirect method for recording the mammalian fauna in
the Chandragiri hill. Those diurnal animals which were encounter during the field work were
recorded using direct methods, and for crepuscular species like carnivore (Hunter 2011), we
used sign survey and camera trapping. All the scats, burrows, signs were recorded and
identified with the experts. We used 10 camera traps opportunistically in each community
forests to record the nocturnal animals. As there is more human influence in the forests, we
kept the camera traps in the evening and removed in the morning. Cameras were place at
the height of 40-50 cm with focusing on 1-2m trail, but it was modified based on the slope
of the hill to focus on the specified area using meat, biscuit and dry fish as bait. We
considered each photo as an independent event (occurrence for > 30 min was considered as
one independent capture/event) (see O’Brien et al. 2003, Jenks et al. 2011, Thapa et al.
2013). We also discussed with local people about the presence of mammals species in their
CFs.
4
3. Results and Discussion
3.1 Biodiversity components of the Chandragiri hill
3.1.1 Mammals:
We recorded 14 species of mammals in entire field survey (Figure 2, Appendix 1). Of which
eight were caught in camera trapping. We couldn’t identify the rodents that were captured
in the camera trapping and bat species because we did not use any live traps for rodents
and mist nettings for bats as these methods require more days and surveyors. As a result,
our mammal records are comparatively less. Besides our record, local people said that
Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) and Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) were also found in the area. Five
species were nationally threatened while three species are globally threatened (Appendix
1). Large Indian Civet (Viverra zibetha) was recorded with high abundance (48-independents
photographs while Yellow-throated Marten (Martes flavigula) with lower abundance (1independent photograph). We camera trapped the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin
(Manis pentadactyla) in Chandragiri CF whereas its burrows were recorded in all of the
community forests (Figure 3). We observed some potential threats for Pangolins like burying
of burrows, construction works for cable car and hotels, etc. Thus, discussion and awareness
program are to be conducted about the importance of pangolin with all the Community
Forests User Groups for saving this Critically Endangered species. For other species, habitat
should be well managed and protected. Higher number of mammals was recorded in
Chandragiri CF, however other CFs also had considerable mammals record. This might be
due to the fact that Chandragiri CF was monitored for more days and has larger occupied
areas than other CFs.
Figure 2 Overview (camera trapping) of mammals recorded in Chandragiri hill
5
Figure 3 Overview of sign survey with pangolins burrow in Chandragiri Hill
3.1.2 Birds:
We recorded 137 species of birds in entire field visit (Appendix 2). Higher number of birds
was recorded in Chandragiri CF (84 species) and lowest in Mahalaxmi CF (48 species)
(Appendix 3). Of the total bird record, 11 were summer visitor like Grey-bellied Cuckoo
(Cacomantis passerines), Drongo Cuckoo (Surniculus lugubris), Eurasian Golden Oriole
(Oriolus oriolus), etc. This shows that habitat is preferred by summer visitor birds. Birds that
were recorded in most of the areas were Kalij Pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos), Roseringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Red-billed Blue Magpie
(Urocissa erythrorhyncha) etc. Some uncommon birds that were recorded were Crimsonbreasted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos cathpharius), Pied Thrush (Zoothera wardii),
Speckleted Wood Pigeon (Columba hodgsonii), Striated Bulbul (Pycnonotus striatus) etc.
Barn Owl (Tyto alba) and Pied Thrush (Zoothera wardii) were recorded as nationally
threatened species.
3.1.3 Butterfly:
We recorded 53 species of butterfly in Chandragiri hill (Appendix 4). Most of them are
common and recorded from Chandragiri CF.
3.1.4 Herpeto-fauna:
All together nine species of herpeto fauna were recorded in which there were four types of
Amphibia, three types of snake and two types of Lizard (Appendix 5). We observed very less
species of amphibia because of lack of springs, ponds and rivulets in the area. Similarly due
to improper time of survey other species like Snakes and Lizards cannot fully recorded.
6
3.2. Assessment of Chandragiri hill as potential sites for tourism
We identified Chandragiri hill as the potential sites for tourism. As all six community forests
are adjoining to each other, so it will be good if overall Chandragiri hill concept is forwarded.
Only Chandragiri CF has open and good road excess for the visitors, which will attract more
visitor than other areas for bird watching and other programs. However, if small ecofriendly
trails are made within other CFs, there might be chance of attracting many visitors because
each of the community forests has unique biodiversity. For example, via Ganesh deviBandevi and Mahakal CF to Chandragiri Hill or Laglage Pakha and Setidevi CF to Chnadragiri
hill will be more realistic and helpful to attract the tourism. Chandragiri hill is a good place
for summer migratory birds, butterfly and mammalian fauna. In each trails, Machans (tall
tower) for the sight-seeing or bird watching can be constructed at regular intervals for
touristic or research purpose. Thus presence of globally and nationally threatened species
along with the sighing of majestic mountains will obviously help to attract the visitors in the
Chandragiri hill.
3.3. Threats Identification
We identified lack of awareness as the major threats to the biodiversity at the area. Small
children were found collecting the chicks of birds for recreational activities, burrow of
pangolins were also found to be buried and hunting of birds and mammals were more at the
area. Besides this, habitat destruction and degradation for the construction of hotels, cable
cars etc. were also observed. Pheasant snaring (Kalij pheasant) is seen in the Setidevi,
Mahalaxi, Chandragiri and Ganeshdevi community forests and local also reported that
people hunt the Kalij and Wildboar.
7
4. Conclusion and Recommendations
Chandragiri hill is found to contain high biodiversity value. Within a short period of time and
in spite of continuous rain, we recorded 14 species of mammals, 137 species of birds, 53
species of butterfly and nine species of herpeto fauna. The hill contains different globally
and nationally threatened species.
If well promoted and ecofriendly trails are made in all community forests, Chandragiri hill
has the potential for attracting visitors for bird watching and other activities like hiking,
picnic, research activities etc. However, major threats include lack of awareness among the
local people and habitat degradation for construction works.
Based on our study, we recommend for the following things:





This study was carried out in monsoon, which has limitation for species record, so for
recording overall biodiversity, winter field visit is very necessary.
Since construction work for cable car and hotels are being carried out, care should
be focused to minimize its effect on the biodiversity.
Small ecofriendly trails should be constructed in all the CFs which will help in
attracting visitors.
The forest has suitable habitat for the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin, so
intensive research should be done on the species habitats and associated threats.
Awareness activities should be carried out.
8
5. References
Baral, H. S. and C. Inskipp (2005). Important Bird Areas in Nepal: key sites for conservation.
Bird Conservation Nepal and Birdlife International, Kathmandu and Cambridge.
Bibby, C. J., N. D. Burgess, D. A. Hill, and S. Mustoe (2000).Bird Census Techniques, Second
Edition. Great Britain: Academic Press
DNPWC. 2015. Shivapuri-Nagarjun Naitona Park. Department of National Park and Wildlife
Conservation, Kathmandu.
Ghimire, D (2008). A Birdwatcher Guide to the Kathmandu Valley. Bird Conservation Nepal,
Kathmandu.
Grimmett, R., C. Inskipp and T. Inskipp (2000).Birds of Nepal.Helm Field Guide.Prakash
Books, New Delhi.
Hunter, L (2011).Carnivores of the world.– Princeton University Press.
Jenks, K. E., P. Chanteap, K. Damrongchainarong, P. Cutter, T. Redford, A. J. Lynam, J.
Howard, and P. Leimgruber (2011).Using relative abundance indices from camera trapping
to test wildlife conservation hypotheses – an example from KhaoYai National Park, Thailand.
Tropical Conservation Science 4(2): 113 – 131.
O’Brien, T. G., M. F. Kinnaird and H. T. Wibisono (2003). Crouching tigers, hidden prey:
Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation
6(2): 131 – 139.
Shah, K. B., and S. Tiwari (2004). Herpetofauna of Nepal: A Conservation Companion. IUCN
Nepal, Kathmandu Nepal.
Smith, C. (1994). Butterflies of Nepal, Craftsman Press, Bangkok.
Thapa, K., M. J. Kelly, J. B. Karki and N. Subedi (2013).First camera trap record of pack
hunting dholes in Chitwan National Park, Nepal.Canid Biology and Conservation 16(2): 4 – 7.
Thomas, L., S.T. Buckland, K.P. Burnham, D. R. Anderson, J. L. Laake, D.L. Borchers and S.
Strindberg (2002). Distance sampling. InEl-Shaarawi, A. H. and W. W. Piegorsch
(Eds).Encyclopedia of Environmetrics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester
Urfi, A.J., M. Sen, A. Kalam and T. Meganathan(2005).Counting birds in India: Methodologies
and trends.Current Science 89 (12): 1997-2003.
WWF (2013). Chitwan-Annapurna landscape biodiversity important areas and linkages.
WWF
Nepal,
Hariyo
ban
program
publication
number:
Report
012
9
Appendices
Appendix 1: List of mammals recorded in Chandragiri hill. Species were classified based on Jnawali et al.
(2011) and IUCN 2015, where LC is Least Concern, NT is Near Threatened, VU is Vulnerable, EN is
Endangered and CR is Critically Endangered.
S.
N.
Common
Name
Scientific
Name
Rattus rattus
4
House Rat
Orangebellied
Himalayan
Squirrel
Yellowthroated
Marten
Large Indian
Civet
5
Masked
Palm Civet
1
2
3
Nepali
Name
Ghar
Muso
Dremomys
lokriah
Himali
Banlokhar
ke
Martes
flavigula
Viverra
zibetha
Malsapro
Thulo Nir
Biralo
Paguma
larvata
Gajale Nir
Biralo
Conservation
Status
Natio IUC
nal
N
Habitat
observed
LC
Commun
ity Forest
Chandrag
iri
House
Remarks
Direct
Sighting
LC
LC
Chandrag
iri
Rocky cliff
near shrub
area
Direct
Sighting
LC
LC
Chandrag
iri
NT
NT
All
LC
Mahalax
mi
Setidevi
LC
LC
Common
Leopard
Panthera
pardus
Chituwa
VU
NT
Mahalax
mi and
Laglage
Chandrag
iri
Ganeshd
evi
Felis chaus
Ban Biralo
LC
LC
All
9
Jungle Cat
Golden
Jackal
Canis aureus
Syal
LC
LC
All
10
Chinese
Pangolin
Manis
pentadactyla
Kalo Salak
EN
CR
All
6
7
Leopard Cat
8
Prionailurus
bengalensis
Chari
Bagh
VU
10
LC
Ulnus-Schima
mixed forest
All types of
forests
Schima
wallichii
dominated
forest
Pinus Schima
wallichii
Myrica
esculenta,
with shrubby
area
On the
Human small
trials
Near the
Human
Settlement
Near human
settlement
Shrubby area
with Ulnus
nepalensis,
Camera
Trapping
Camera
Trapping
Camera
Trapping
Camera
Trapping
Scat
Local
People
Local
People
Camera
Trapping,
Burrow
11
Rhesus
Macaque
Macaca
mulata
12
Barking
Deer
Muntiacus
vaginalis
13
Wild Boar
Sus scrofa
15
House
Shrew
Unidentified
Bats
16
Unidentified
Rodents
14
Rato
Badar
LC
LC
Chandrag
iri
Ratuwa
VU
LC
All
LC
LC
Suncus
murinus
Bandel
Ghar
Chuchund
ro
LC
LC
Laglage
Chandrag
iriGanesh
devi
-
-
-
-
All
-
-
-
-
All
11
Schima
wallichii
dominated
forest
Human
settlement
All types of
habitat
Pinus and
Schima
wallichii
forest
Human
settlement/
field
Human
settlements
Human
settlement/
field
Direct
Sighting
Camera
Trapping,
Direct,
Pellet
Camera
Trapping
Direct
Sighting
Direct
Sighting
Camera
Trapping
Appendix 2: List of bird species recorded in Chandragiri hill, Kathmandu. Migration of sspecies was
classified based on IUCN 2015, where LC is Least Concern, NT is Near Threatened, VU is Vulnerable, EN is
Endangered and CR is Critically Endangered.
S. N
Common Name
1 Hill Partridge
2 Kalij Pheasant
3 Speckled Piculet
Fulvous-breasted
4 Woodpecker
Crimson-breasted
5 Woodpecker
6 Lesser Yellownape
Grey-headed
7 Woodpecker
Scientific name
Arborophila
torqueola
Lophura
leucomelanos
Picumnus
innominatus
Nepali
Name
Migration status
lkp/f
Resident
sflnh
Resident
yf]Kn] ;l;of
Resident
Dicaeum ignipectus sfi7s"6
Dendrocopos
/ftf]5ftL
cathpharius
sfi7s"6
Resident
Picus chlorolophus
;'gh'/] sf7kmf]/
Resident
Picus canus
sfnf]ub{g]
sf7kmf]/
Resident
Resident
8 Great Barbet
Golden-throated
9 Barbet
Blue-throated
10 Barbet
White-throated
11 Kingfisher
Megalaima variens
Megalaima
franklinii
Megalaima
asiatica
Halcyon
smyrnensis
GofpnL
Resident
s'Sn'Ë
Resident
s'y's]{
Resident
;]tf]s07]
df6Lsf]/]
Resident
12 Eurasian Cuckoo
Cuculus canorus
s'Ss' sf]OnL
Resident
13 Oriental Cuckoo
Cuculus saturatus
Hierococcyx
sparverioides
Cacomantis
passerinus
Cuculus
poliocephalus
k"jL{o sf]OnL
Summer visitor
kxf8L aLp
s'lxof]
Resident
km';|f] ;fgf]
sf]OnL
Summer visitor
;fgf] uf]s'n
Summer visitor
Surniculus lugubris
Phaenicophaeu
stristis
Eudynamys
sclopacae
lra] sf]OnL
Summer visitor
xl/t dfnsf}jf
Resident
sf]OnL
Resident
Psittacula krameri
s07] ;'uf
Resident
14 Large Hawk Cuckoo
15 Grey-bellied Cuckoo
16 Lesser Cuckoo
17 Drongo Cuckoo
Green-billed
18 Malkoha
19 Asian Koel
Rose-ringed
20 Parakeet
12
Conservation
Status
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Slaty-headed
21 Parakeet
22 House Swift
Psittacula
himalayana
Apus (affinis)
nipalensis
23 Spotted Owlet
Athene brama
sf]rnufF8]
nf6f]sf];]/f]
Resident
24 Collared Owlet
Glaucidium brodiei
;fgf] 8'G8'n
Resident
25 Barn Owl
Tyto alba
uf]7] nf6f]sf];]/f]
Resident
26 Rock Pigeon
Speckleted Wood
27 Pigeon
Columba livia
dn]jf
Resident
Columba hodgsonii
Streptopelia
orientalis
Streptopelia
chinensis
l5/la/] jgk/]jf
Resident
tfd] 9's'/
Resident
s'n] 9's'/
Resident
Treron sphenurus
kxf8L xn];f]
Resident
28 Oriental Turtle Dove
29 Spotted Dove
Wedge-tailed Green
30 Pigeon
dbgf ;'uf
Resident
lkm/lkm/]
3/uf}+ynL
Resident
31 Black-eared Kite
Crested Serpent
32 Eagle
Milvus lineatus
Unknown
Spilornis cheela
sfsfs'n
Resident
33 Black Kite
Milvus migrans
sfnf] rLn
Resident
34 Shikra
Accipiter badius
lzqmf
Resident
35 Eurasian Hobby
Mountain Hawk
36 Eagle
Falco subbuteo
h'+u] lr/fGts
afh
Passage migrant
37 Common Kestrel
38 Black Eagle
Falco tinnunculs
Ictinaetus
malayensis
39 Cattle Egret
Nisaetus nipalensis
kxf8L zbnrLn Resident
Resident and
passage migrant
af}+8fO
b|f]0fs rLn
Resident
Bubulcus ibis
j:t' as'Nnf
Resident
40 Indian Pond Heron
Orange-bellied
41 Leafbird
Ardeola grayii
Chloropsis
hardwickii
cf;sf]6] as'Nnf Resident
:j0ff]{b/
xl/tr/L
Resident
42 Long-tailed Shrike
Lanius schach
Dendrocittav
vagabunda
eb|fO{
Resident
sf]sn]
Resident
43 Rufous Treepie
13
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
44 Grey Treepie
Red-billed Blue
45 Magpie
46 Eurasian Jay
Common Green
47 Magpie
48 House Crow
Cissa chinensis
49 Large-billed Crow
Corvus splendens
Corvus
macrorhynchos
50 Large Cuckooshrike
Coracina macei
51 Maroon Oriole
Eurasian Golden
52 Oriole
Black-winged
53 Cuckooshrike
Oriolus trailli
54 Long-tailed Minivet
White-throated
55 Fantail
Yellow-bellied
56 Fantail
57 Black Drongo
58 Ashy Drongo
Least
Resident
concern
kxf8L sf]sn]
Least
:ofnkf]y/L
Resident
concern
nfdk'R5
Least
Resident
concern
s}n] jgsfu
Least
concern
xl/of] nfdk'R5« Resident
Least
Resident
concern
3/ sfu
Least
Resident
concern
sfnf] sfu
Least
n6'zs
Resident
concern
lj/xLr/L
Least
concern
3g/Qm ;'gr/L Resident
Least
Summer visitor
concern
ufhn] ;'gr/L
Least
concern
sfnf] lj/xLr/L Resident
Least
concern
nfdk'5«] /fgLr/L Resident
Least
gSsn]
Resident
concern
df?gLr/L
Least
concern
kx]+nf] df?gLr/L Resident
Least
Resident
concern
sfnf] lra]
Resident and partial Least
migrant
concern
WjfF;] lra]
Least
Resident
concern
;fgf] lra]
Least
Resident
concern
e[Ë/fh lra]
Least
;fgf] xhf/f
Summer visitor
concern
rfFr/
Least
Resident
concern
xhf/f rfFr/
Least
Resident
concern
sNrf}+8]
Least
Summer visitor
concern
s:t"/f rfFr/
Least
Resident
concern
dbgf rfFr/
Least
Summer
visitor
concern
WjfF;] ch'{gs
Dendrocitta
formosae
Urocissa
erythrorhyncha
Garrulus
glandarius
Oriolus oriolus
Coracina
melaschistos
Pericrocotus
ethologus
Rhipidura albicollis
Rhipidura
hypoxantha
Dicrurus
macrocercus
Dicrurus
leucophaeus
59 Bronzed Drongo
Lesser Racket-tailed
60 Drongo
Blue-capped Rock
61 Thrush
Chestnut-bellied
62 Rock Thrush
Blue Whistling
63 Thrush
Dicrurus aeneus
64 Pied Thrush
Grey-winged
65 Blackbird
Dark-sided
66 Flycatcher
Zoothera wardii
Dicrurus remifer
Monticola
cinclorhynchus
Monticola
rufiventris
Myophonus
caeruleus
Turdus boulboul
Muscicapa sibirica
14
Least
Ficedula strophiata ;]tf]l6s] ch'{gs Resident
concern
Resident and partial Least
68 Verditer Flycatcher
Eumyias thalassina gLnt'yf] ch'{gs migrant
concern
Least
Grey-headed Canary Culicicapa
69 Flycatcher
ceylonensis
concern
r~rn] ch'{gs Partial migrant
Least
Ultramarine
Ficedula
gLnZj]t
70 Flycatcher
superciliaris
Summer visitor
concern
ch'{gs
Least
Niltava
71 Small Niltava
macgrigoriae
Resident
concern
;fgf] gLntef
Least
Rufous-bellied
72 Niltava
Niltava sundara
Resident
concern
;'Gb/ gLntef
Least
73 Indian Blue Robin
Luscinia brunnea
Resident
concern
gLnf] /lag
Least
Oriental Magpie
74 Robin
Copsychus saularis wf]lagL r/f
Resident
concern
Least
Cinclidium
75 White-tailed Robin
leucurum
Resident
concern
;]tf]k'R5«] /lag
Least
Enicurus
km';|f]9f8]
76 Slaty-backed Forktail schistaceus
Resident
concern
vf]n]wf]lagL
Least
White-capped Water Chaimarrornis
;]tf]6fps]
77 Redstart
leucocephalus
Resident
concern
hnv~h/L
Least
em]sem]s
78 Common Stonechat
Saxicola torquata
Passage migrant
concern
em\ofK;L
Least
79 Pied Bushchat
Saxicola caprata
Resident
concern
sfn] em\ofK;L
Least
80 Grey Bushchat
Saxicola ferrea
concern
lxdfnL em\ofK;L Resident
Least
81 Jungle Myna
Acridotheres fuscus jg ?kL
Resident
concern
Least
Chestnut-tailed
Sturnus
82 Starling
malabaricus
concern
km';|f]6fps] ;f/f}+ Resident
Least
83 Common Myna
Acridotheres tristis 8fª\u|] ?kL
Resident
concern
Least
Chestnut-bellied
84 Nuthatch
Sitta castanea
Resident
concern
s6';] d§f
Least
Velvet-fronted
85 Nuthatch
Sitta frontalis
Resident
concern
dvdnL d§f
Least
White-tailed
86 Nuthatch
Sitta himalayensis
Resident
concern
kxf8L d§f
Least
87 Great Tit
Parus major
Resident
concern
lrlrNsf]6]
Least
xl/of]
88 Green-backed Tit
Parus monticolus
Resident
concern
lrlrNsf]6]
Least
89 Black-lored Tit
Parus xanthogenys kf08' lrlrNsf]6] Resident
concern
Rufous-gorgeted
67 Flycatcher
15
Aegithalos
concinnus
Sylviparus
modestus
sfnLs07]
/fhlrlrNsf]6]
Resident
rFb'jf
lrlrNsf]6]
Resident
Hirundo daurica
u]?s6L uf}+ynL
93 Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica
3/ uf}+ynL
Resident
Resident and
summer visitor
94 Red-vented Bulbul
Pycnonotus cafer
Pycnonotus
leucogenys
Hypsipetes
mcclellandii
Pycnonotus
striatus
Hypsipetes
leucocephalus
h'/]nL
Resident
h'Nkm] h'/]nL
Resident
s}nf]k]6] h'/]nL
Resident
ws]{ h'/]nL
Resident
afv|] h'/]nL
Resident
Prinia criniger
Zosterops
palpebrosus
Orthotomus
sutorius
;'of 3fF;]lkm:6f]
Resident
sf+sL/
Resident
kftl;pg]
lkm:6f]
Resident
km';|f]k]6] l6l;of
Resident
/ftf]6fps]
l6l;of
Resident
tfn'ws]{ lkm:6
Resident
106 Greenish Warbler
Ashy-throated
107 Warbler
Tesia cyaniventer
Tesia
castaneocoronata
Phylloscopus
reguloides
Phylloscopus
pulcher
Phylloscopus
trochiloides
Phylloscopus
maculipennis
108 Whistler's Warbler
Grey-cheeked
109 Warbler
Grey-hooded
110 Warbler
Seicercus whistleri
Seicercus
poliogenys
phylloscopus
xanthoschistos
111 Hume's Warbler
Leman-rumped
112 wabler
Phylloscopus humei r~rn] lkm:6f]
Phylloscopus
chloronotus
kLts6L lkm:6f]
90 Black-throated Tit
91 Yellow-browed Tit
Red-rumped
92 Swallow
95 Himalayan Bulbul
96 Mountain Bulbul
97 Striated Bulbul
98 Black Bulbul
99 Striated Prinia
100 Oriental White-eye
101 Common Tailorbird
102 Grey-bellied Tesia
Chestnut-headed
103 Tesia
104 Blyth's Leaf Warbler
105 Buff-barred Warbler
;'Gtn]/]vL
lkm:6f]
16
hLjn lkm:6f]
Resident
Summer and
Passage Migrant
km';|f]s07] lkm:6f]
Resident
;';]nL lkm:6f]
Resident
;]tf]rZd] lkm:6f]
Resident
t'd'nsf/L
lkm:6f]
Resident
Resident
Resident
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
113 Black-faced Warbler
White-throated
114 Laughingthrush
White-crested
115 Laughing Thrush
Striated
116 Laughingthrush
Chestnut-crowned
117 Laughingthrush
Puff-throated
118 Babbler
Rusty-cheeked
119 Scimitar Babbler
Streak-breasted
120 Scimitar Babbler
Scaly-breasted Wren
121 Babbler
Black-chinned
122 Babbler
Grey-throated
123 Babbler
Abroscopus
schisticeps
Garrulax
albogularis
Garrulax
leucolophus
ufhn] lkm:6f]
Resident
;f]O/g]
tf]/LufF8f
Resident
lxpFh'/]
tf]/LufF8f
Resident
sNsL tf]/LufF8f
Resident
s6';6fps]
tf]/LufF8f
Resident
yf]Kn] Eofs'/
Resident
kfNsf]6]
Resident
5ftLw;]{
kfNsf]6]
Resident
sTn]
l8s'/]Eofs'/
Reisident
Stachyris pyrrhops
sfnf]lrpF8]
jgEofs'
Resident
Stachyris nigriceps
km';|f]s07]
jgEofs'/
Resident
124 Red-billed Leiothrix
White-browed
125 Fulvetta
Leiothrix lutea
/f]lri0f' ldl;of
Resident
Alcippe vinipectus
kLtgog
km"na'§f
Resident
126 Whiskered Yuhina
Yuhina flavicollis
h'+u] h'/]r/f
Resident
127 Nepal Fulvetta
Alcippe nipalensis
Heterphasia
capistrata
g]kfn km"na'§f
Resident
l;laof
Resident
;d?k
k'iksf]lsn
Resident
clUgjIf
k'iksf]lsn
Resident
g]kfn a']Ë]r/f
Resident
sfnLs07\
a'Ë]r/f
Resident
128 Rufous Sibia
129 Plain Flowerpecker
Fire-breasted
130 Flowerpecker
Garrulax striatus
Garrulax
erythrocephalus
Pellorneum
ruficeps
Pomatorhinus
erythrogenys
Pomatorhinus
ruficollis
Pnoepyga
albiventer
Dicaeum concolor
131 Green-tailed Sunbird
Black-throated
132 Sunbird
Dicaeum ignipectus
Aethopyga
nipalensis
Aethopyga
saturata
133 Crimson Sunbird
Aethopyga siparaja
l;k/fhf a'Ë]r/f
Resident
134 House Sparrow
Eurasian Tree
135 Sparrow
Passer domesticus
3/ eFu]/f
Resident
Passer montanus
?v eFu]/f
Resident
17
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Least
concern
Scaly-breasted
136 Munia
Yellow-breasted
137 Greenfinch
Lonchura
punctulata
sf]6]/f] d'lgofF
Resident
Carduelis spinoides
ufhn] kLtr/L
Resident
Least
concern
Least
concern
Appendix 3: List of birds recorded in each community forests at Chandragiri hill, Kathmandu.
S.N
Chandragiri CF
Grey-headed
1 Woodpecker
Seti Devi CF
Laglage CF
Mahalaxmi CF
Mahakal-Bandevi
Kalij Pheasant
Hill Partridge
Hill Partridge
2 Great Barbet
Blue-throated
3 Barbet
Speckled Piculet
Grey-headed
Woodpecker
Fulvous-breasted
woodpecker
Kalij Pheasant
Fulvous-breasted
woodpecker
Grey-headed
woodpecker
Kalij Pheasant
Lesser
Yellownape
Blue-throated
Barbet
Goldenthroated Barbet
Great Barbet
Blue-throated
Barbet
Golden-throated
Barbet
White-throated
Kingfisher
Great Barbet
Blue-throated
Barbet
Golden-throated
Barbet
White-throated
Kingfisher
Great Barbet
Large-hawk
Cuckoo
Asian Koel
Rose-ringed
Parakeet
Great Barbet
Blue-throated
Barbet
Golden-throated
Barbet
White-throated
Kingfisher
Large Hawk
Cuckoo
Eurasian Cuckoo
Green-billed
Malkoha
Eurasian Cuckoo
Asian Koel
House Swift
Wedge-tailed
Green Pigeon
Asian Koel
Rose-ringed
Parakeet
Asian Koel
Rose-ringed
Parakeet
House Swift
Black Kite
Barn Swallow
Rock pigeon
Oriental Turtle
Dove
Shrika
House Swift
Rock Pigeon
Eurasian Hobby
Orange-bellied
4 Eurasian Cuckoo
5 Oriental Cuckoo
Large Hawk
6 Cuckoo
7 Lesser Cuckoo
8 Asian Koel
Rose-ringed
9 Parakeet
10 Rock Pigeon
Oriental Turtle
11 Dove
12 Spotted Dove
Wedge-tailed
13 Green Pigeon
14 Black-eared Kite
15 Shikra
16 Black Eagle
Orange-bellied
17 Leafbird
Long-tailed
18 Shrike
19 Grey Treepie
Rock pigeon
Black Kite
Black Kite
Crested Serpent
Eagle
Eurasian Hobby
Black Eagle
Eurasian Hobby
Orange-bellied
Leafbird
Long-tailed
Shrike
Red-billed Blue
Magpie
Common Green
Magpie
Shrika
Cattle Egret
Common Kestrel
Cattle Egret
Grey Treepie
RufousTreepie
Spotted Dove
Oriental Turtle
Dove
Spotted Dove
18
Kalij Pheasant
Grey-headed
Parakeet
Spotted Dove
Oriental Turtle
Dove
Black Kite
Shikra
Red-billed Blue
20 Magpie
21 Eurasian Jay
22 House Crow
23 Large-billed Crow
24 Maroon Oriole
Black-winged
25 Cuckooshrike
Long-tailed
26 Minivet
White-throated
27 Fantail
Yellow-bellied
28 Fantail
29 Black Drongo
30 Ashy Drongo
31 Bronzed Drongo
Lesser Racket32 tailed Drongo
Blue-capped
33 Rock Thrush
Chestnut-bellied
34 Rock Thrush
35
36
37
38
39
Blue Whistling
Thrush
Grey-winged
Blackbird
Verditer
Flycatcher
Grey-headed
Canary
Flycatcher
Ultramarine
Flycatcher
40 Indian Blue Robin
Oriental Magpie
41 Robin
Indian Pond
Heron
Orange-bellied
Leafbird
Long-tailed
Shrike
RufousTreepie
Grey Treepie
Red-billed Blue
Magpie
Common Green
Magpie
Indian Pond
Heron
Orange-bellied
Leafbird
Long-tailed
Shrike
RufousTreepie
Grey Treepie
Red-billed Blue
Magpie
Large Billed Crow
Large Billed Crow
Large Billed
Crow
Maroon Oriole
Maroon Oriole
Long-tailed
Minivet
Black Drongo
Ashy Drongo
Blue-capped
Rock Thrush
Grey-winged
Blackbird
Dark-sided
Flycatcher
Grey headed
Cannary
Flycatcher
Slaty Backed
Forktail
Large
Cuckooshrike
Long-tailed
Minivet
White-throated
Fantail
Long-tailed
Minivet
White-capped
Water Redstart
Black Drongo
Pied Bushchat
Ashy Drongo
Black Drongo
Bronzed Drongo
Blue Whistling
Thrush
Grey-headed
Canary
Flycatcher
Oriental Magpie
Robin
Jungle Myna
Green-backed
Tit
House Crow
Eurasian Golden
Oriole
Ashy Drongo
Blue Whistling
Thrush
Pied thrush
Blue-capped
Rock Thrush
Grey-headed
Canary
Flycatcher
Verditer
Flycatcher
Small Niltava
Oriental Magpie
Robin
House Crow
Eurasian Golden
Oriole
Grey Bushchat
Common Myna
Jungle Myna
Chestnut tailed
Starling
Velvet-fronted
Nuthatch
19
Leafbird
Long-tailed
Shrike
Red-billed Blue
Magpie
Grey Treepie
House Crow
Large-billed Crow
Large
Cuckooshrike
Long-tailed
Minivet
Eurasian Golden
Oriole
White-throated
Fantail
Ashy Drongo
Great Tit
Black Drongo
Blue Whistling
Thrush
Verditer
Flycatcher
Grey-headed
Canary Flycatcher
Oriental Magpie
Robin
Black-throated
Tit
Grey Bushchat
Black-lored Tit
Mountain
Bulbul
Black Bulbul
Red-vented
Bulbul
Grey-bellied
Tesia
Oriental Whiteeye
Common Myna
Jungle Myna
Chestnut-tailed
Starling
Black-lored Tit
Black-throated
Tit
Green-backed Tit
White-tailed
42 Robin
Grey Bushchat
Black-lored Tit
43 Grey Bushchat
Common Myna
44 Common Myna
Velvet-fronted
45 Nuthatch
White-tailed
46 Nuthatch
47 Great Tit
Jungle Myna
Chestnut-tailed
Starling
Chestnut-bellied
Nuthatch
Velvet-fronted
Nuthatch
Green-backed Tit
Black-throated
Tit
48 Green-backed Tit
Green Backed Tit
Himalayan Bulbul
49 Black-lored Tit
Black-throated
50 Tit
Black-lored Tit
Black-throated
Tit
51 Barn Swallow
Red-vented
52 Bulbul
Barn Swallow
Red-vented
Bulbul
53 Himalayan Bulbul
Himalayan Bulbul
54 Mountain Bulbul
Black Bulbul
55 Black Bulbul
Oriental White56 eye
Common
57 Tailorbird
Grey-bellied
58 Tesia
Chestnut-headed
59 Tesia
Blyth's Leaf
60 Warbler
Buff-barred
61 Warbler
Mountain Bulbul
Oriental Whiteeye
Chestnut-headed
Tesia
Common
Tailorbird
Mountain Bulbul
Oriental Whiteeye
Grey-bellied
Tesia
Common
Tailorbird
White-crested
Laughingthrush
White-throated
Laughingthrush
Striated
Laughingthrush
Black -chinned
Babbler
Fire-breasted
Flowerpecker
Black-throated
Sunbird
Barn Swallow
Striated Bulbul
Red-vented
Bulbul
Greenish Warbler House Sparrow
Grey-hooded
Eurasian Tree
Warbler
Sparrow
White-crested
Laughingthrush
White-throated
62 Greenish Warbler Laughingthrush
Whistler's
Striated
63 Warbler
Laughingthrush
Grey-hooded
Puff-throated
64 Warbler
Babbler
20
Grey-hooded
Warbler
Great Tit
White-crested
Laughingthrush
Puff-throated
Babbler
Black-chinned
Babbler
Red-rumped
Swallow
Red-vented
Bulbul
Nepal Fulvetta
Mountain Bulbul
RufousSibia
Black-throated
Sunbird
Black Bulbul
Oriental Whiteeye
Common
Tailorbird
Grey-headed
Warbler
White-throated
Laughingthrush
Striated
Laughingthrush
White-crested
Laughingthrush
Rusty-cheeked
Scimitar Babbler
Black-chinned
Babbler
Grey-throated
Babbler
Himalayan Bulbul
Nepal Fulvetta
RufousSibia
Fire-breasted
Flowerpecker
Black-throated
Sunbird
House Sparrow
Eurasian Tree
Sparrow
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
Black-faced
Warbler
White-throated
Laughingthrush
White-crested
Laughing Thrush
Striated
Laughingthrush
Chestnutcrowned
Laughingthrush
Rusty-checked
Scimitar Babbler
Scaly-breasted
Wren Babbler
Black-chinned
Babbler
Red-billed
Leiothrix
White-browed
Fulvetta
Whiskered
Yuhina
Nepal Fulvetta
RufousSibia
Fire-breasted
Flowerpecker
Green-tailed
Sunbird
Back-throated
Sunbird
Crimson Sunbird
House Sparrow
Eurasian Tree
Sparrow
Yellow-breasted
Greenfinch
Streak-breasted
Scimitar Babbler
Black-chinned
Babbler
Grey-throated
Babbler
Fire-breasted
Flowerpecker
Black-throated
Sunbird
Crimson Sunbird
House Sparrow
Eurasian Tree
Sparrow
Drongo Cuckoo
Scaly-breasted
Munia
21
Appendix 4: List of butterflies recorded in at Chandragiri hill, Kathmandu
S.N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Common Name
Banded Treebrown
Blue Admiral
Chocolate Pancy
Common Bluebottle
Common Earl
Common Emigrant
Common Hedge Blue
Common Lascar
Common Leopard
Common Map
Common Marmon
Common Mime
Common Sailer
Common Sergent
Common Silverstripe
Common Tiger
Dark Judy
Eastern Courtier
Glassy Tiger
Golden Birdwing
Golden Emperor
Grand Duchess
Himalayan Five-Ring
Himalayan Four Ring
Himalayan Sergeant
Indian Cabbage White
Indian Fritrillary
Indian Red Admiral
Indian Tortoiseshell
Large Silverstripe
Large Three Ring
Lilacine Bushbrown
Newari Three-Ring
Painted Lady
Pale Grass Blue
Panchenillo
Paris Peacock
Scientific Name
Lethe confusa
Kaniska canace
Precis iphita
Graphium serpedum
Tanaecia julii
Catopsilia pomona
Celastrina huegelii
Panthoporia hordonia
Phalanta phalantha
Cyrestis thyodamas
Argyreus hyperbius
Chilasa chytia dissimilis
Neptis hylas
Athyma perius
Fabriciania kamala
Danaus genutia
Abisara fylla
Sephisa chandra
Parantica aglea
Atrophaneura dasarada
Dilipa morgiana
Euthalia patala
Ypyhima sakra
Ypyhima parasakha
Athyma opalina
Pieris canidia
Argyreus hyperbius
Vanessa indica
Aglais cashmirensis
Childrena childreni
Ypthima nereda
Mycalesis francisca
Ypthima newara
Vanes carduisa indica
Zizeeria maha
Zemoros flegyas
Papilio paris
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38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Peablue
Purple Sapphire
Red Lacewing
Rose Windmill
Silver Grey- Silver Line
Spangle
Spotted Jester
Spotted Sailor
Staff Sergent
Straight-Banded Treebrown
Striped Blue Crow
Striped Punch
Tailed Jay
Tailed Punch
Tiger Brown
Vagrant
Lamipides boeticus
Heliophorus epicles
Cethocia babilis
Atrophanera latreillei
Spindasis nipalicus
Papipio protenor
Symbrenthia hepselis
Neptis magatha
Athyma selenophora
Lethe verma
Euploea mulciber
Dodona adonira
Graphium agamemnon
Dodona eugenes
Orinoma damaris
Vagrant egista
Appendix 5: List of herpeto fauna recorded in at Chandragiri hill, Kathmandu
S.N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Common name
Black spined toad
Skittering frog
Himalayan toad
Marbled Toad
Indian Ratsnake
Darjeeling wormsnake
Himalayan Trinket Snake
Variegated Mountain
Lizard
Common Garden Lizard
Scientific name
Bufo melanostictus
Euphlyctis cyanophlycyis
Bufo himalayanus
Bufo stomaticus
Ptyas mucasa
Trachischium fuscum
Orthriophis hodgsoni
Nepali name
Khasre bhyaguto
Dholbaje paha, Tik-tike paha
Lekahli Khasre Bhyaguto
Matangre Khasre Bhyaguto
Dhaman
Bayana, Wayana
Thulo pate ajingar, Dhoomuje
Japalura variegata
Calotes versicolor
Pite budhe Chheparo
Baghaiche Chhepar
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Photo Plates
Photo 1: Scat of Common Leopard
Photo 2: Bird watching
Photo 3: Camera trapped Masked Palm Civet
Photo 5: Camera trapped Large Indian Civet
Photo 7: Eurasian Cuckoo
Photo 4: Camera trapped Wild Boar
Photo 6: Golden Birdwing
Photo 8: Common Sailor
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