PENNSAFE - Lutheran Settlement House

PENNSAFE
Safety Committee Training
Presenter:
Eric K. Hoffman
Occupational Safety Training Specialist
TRAINING AGENDA
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Safety Committee Dynamics
Hazard Identification
Accident (Incident) Investigation
Additional Resources
MODULE ONE
SAFETY
COMMITTEE
DYNAMICS
OBJECTIVES
• Review certified workplace safety
committee requirements.
• Review some tips for conducting
safety committee meetings.
• Identify the responsibilities of your
Work Safety Committee.
Successful Safety
Committees:
• Joint Commitment to Accident Prevention
– Management support of Safety Committee
• Commitment
• Involvement
• Leadership
– Employees
• Willingness to change behavior
• To learn a new way to do processes
• To report all incidents, including NEAR MISSES
 The applicant-employer shall maintain written records
of safety committee training including:
- Names of committee members trained.
- Dates of training.
- Training time period & methodology.
- Names & credentials of personnel conducting
training.
- Names of training organizations sponsoring
training
- Training topics, content & location.
 These records shall be retained for 5 calendar years
from the date the training was conducted.
Committee Responsibilities
ALL members receive annual worker
safety committee (WSC) training
Every year you receive the 5%
discount the entire committee must
receive WSC training - even if all
members were trained last year!
Committee Responsibilities
 Employee safety concerns
 Hazard detection
 Making written recommendations
 Incident Investigation
 Health and safety related
communications
 Monthly meetings
 Quorum (51% majority) of committee
members present
Committee Responsibilities
 Operating procedures (e.g. rules,
bylaws, objectives)
 Maintain membership lists
 Written agendas
 Maintain meeting attendance
lists.
 Take, maintain and communicate
committee meeting minutes
 Make decisions by majority vote
 Non-member posting
MEETING TIPS
• Begin on Time / Allow Breaks
• DO NOT Go Over Time Allotted
• Require Attendees to Sign In
• Follow Agenda / Keep on Track
• Record Minutes / Provide Incident
Reports
Conducting Meetings
• Call to Order / Attendance
– Quorum required
• Chairperson Opening Remarks /
Introduction of any Visitors
• Review Minutes / Approval
• Sub-Committee Reports
• Incident Report Summary
• Old Business / New Business
• Ideas and Suggestions
BETWEEN MEETINGS
What are you doing?
EVALUATION
Let’s answer the questions together
QUESTION #1
Below is a list of requirements for a Certified
Workplace Safety Committee EXCEPT for:
A.
Record minutes
B.
Quorum @ monthly
meetings
C. Have written agendas
D. Record meeting
attendance
E. Incident Investigations
F. All of the above
QUESTION #2
Which scenario(s) is not acceptable for a
workplace safety committee?
A. 2 employees, 2 management
B. 10 employees, 5 management
C. 6 employees, 7 management
D. 2 employees, 1 management
E.
None of the above
F.
All of the above
QUESTION #3
True or False?
Safety committees are required to meet
every 30 days
Module Two
Hazard
Identification
OBJECTIVES
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•
•
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Define a “hazard”
List basic reasons for conducting
safety inspections
Describe what to inspect
Safety Inspection Guidelines
Define Job Safety Analysis
List the steps in a Job Safety Analysis
HAZARDS
What Constitutes a Hazard?
A real or potential condition that,
when activated, can transform
into a series of interrelated events
that result in damage to
equipment or property and or
injury to people.
EXPOSURE
What is “Exposure?”
• How close are you to the “danger
zone”?
• Physical exposure – generally arm’s
length
• Environmental exposure – could be
everyone in facility.
IDENTIFYING HAZARDS
It takes a hazard & someone exposed to
the hazard to produce an accident.
Hazard + Exposure => Accident
Unsafe Acts, Unsafe Conditions,
Unsafe Behaviors
• Conditions account for 3% of all
workplace accidents.
• Behaviors account for 95% of all
workplace accidents.
• Uncontrollable acts account for 2% of all
workplace accidents.
What are slips, trips & falls?
Slip
A slip occurs when there
is too little traction or
friction between the
shoe and walking
surface.
Trip
A trip occurs when a person’s foot
contacts an object in their way or
drops to a lower level unexpectedly,
causing them to be thrown off-balance.
Fall
A fall occurs when you
are too far off balance.
What are slips, trips & falls?
There are two types of falls:
Same Level
When you fall to the
surface you are
walking on. Same
level falls are more
common.
Caused by:
• Slips
• Trips
From Elevation
When you fall to a
level below the one
you are walking on.
Falls from elevation
are more severe.
Caused by:
•
•
•
•
Ladders
Stairs
Platforms
Loading docks
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
According to the U.S. Department of Labor,
slips, trips and falls are the most common
occupational accident.
• The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that
253,440 employees suffered injuries falling in the
work environment. Of these:
– 68% suffered injuries falling at the same level
– 32% suffered injuries falling to a lower level
• Over 17% of disabling work injuries were caused
by falls.
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
• 15% of accidental deaths* are caused
by falls, second only to motor vehicle
accidents
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Slips, trips and falls can occur almost
anywhere at the worksite and the incidents
often have serious outcomes, resulting in
debilitating injuries and even death.

pain (from bruises, sprains, strains or
fractures)

lost wages

temporary or permanent disability

reduced quality of life

depression

inconvenience
Causes of Slips
• Wet spills or
contamination
on floors:
water, mud, oil,
grease, food, etc.
•
Dry contamination
on floors:
dusts, powders, wood,
lint, plastic, etc.
Causes of Slips
• Highly polished floors
especially marble,
terrazzo
or ceramic tile
• Freshly waxed floors
• Transitioning from one
surface to another
e.g., carpeted to a
smooth surface
Causes of Slips
• Sloped walking surfaces
• Loose, unanchored mats
or rugs
• Loose tiles or floorboards
that can shift
• Wet, muddy or greasy
shoes
Causes of Slips
• Ramps without skid or
slip resistant surfaces
• Metal surfaces such as
platforms, construction
plates or covers on
sidewalks or roads
Metal has lower traction than many
other surfaces, so it can become very
smooth with wear, becoming even
more hazardous when wet or frosty.
Causes of Slips
• Mounting & dismounting
equipment such as
trucks, trailers, lawn
mowers and other heavy
equipment
• Climbing up and down
ladders
Add water, mud or grease to any
of these surfaces and they
become even more of a hazard.
Causes of Slips
• Environmental factors:
rain, frost, snow, ice or
humid surfaces
• Uneven surfaces or
terrain
• Irregular surfaces,
such as gravel or
bricks
Causes of Trips
• Uncovered cables,
wires or extension
cords (temporary
wiring)
• Clutter, obstacles in
walkways
• Open cabinets or desk
drawers
Causes of Trips
• Changes in elevation,
e.g. unmarked steps
• Carpets or mats that
are not lying flat or
have rolled up edges
• Missing or uneven floor
tiles
• Irregular walking surfaces
Causes of Trips
• Damaged steps
•
Non-uniform or
irregular steps:
varying tread depth,
varying height
or otherwise uneven
Each year there are over 3 million
disabling stair fall accidents,
including over 4000 deaths.
Causes of Trips
• Accumulated waste
materials or debris
• Trailing cables, pallets,
tools, etc. in walkways
• Objects protruding from
walking surface
• Uneven surfaces
• Sidewalk/curb drops
Causes of Trips
There are also numerous common trip
hazards in parking lots and garages.
• Speed bumps
• Tire bumpers
• Wheelchair ramps
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Conditions in the surrounding environment can
have a huge impact on slip, trip and fall hazards.
• Poor lighting
• Glare
• Using bulky equipment
or awkward PPEs
•
Loud noise or
distraction
•
Temperature, humidity
or precipitation
•
Traffic type or volume
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Task factors also have an impact on the risk for accidents.
• Object carried
Carrying too much at
one time or carrying
awkward objects
• Pushing or pulling
objects
• Change in elevation
or direction while
walking
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Conditions increasing the risk of slips, trips & falls
• Age
• Body shape, size and mass
• Gait dynamics
• Physical condition, illness
• Psychological factors,
stress and distractions
• Medications, alcohol or drug
effects
• Visual perception, eyesight
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Human factors increasing the
risk of slips, trips & falls
• Carrying too much at
once or carrying awkward
objects, preventing you
from:
– Seeing where you are going
– Holding onto railings
– Keeping your balance
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Human factors increasing the risk of
slips, trips & falls
• Inattentive walking
Using a cell phone, reading, talking
and not watching where you are
going while walking (distracted
walking)
• Taking shortcuts
Not using clear pathways or
designated walkways
• Being in a hurry
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Human factors increasing the risk of slips, trips & falls
• Poor housekeeping
Allowing clutter to
accumulate, not cleaning
up spills in a timely manner
• Using improper cleaning
processes
Over-using wax or polish on
floors, using water to clean up
a grease spill
• Failing to use signs when
slip, trip and fall hazards
are present
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Human factors increasing the risk of slips, trips & falls
Use of footwear not suitable for
work environment or environmental
conditions.
High heels
Smooth
surfaced
soles
Old, worn-out
shoes
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Slips, trips and falls are
preventable!
• Modify workspaces and work practices to
reduce hazards – avoid distractions!
• Practice good housekeeping
• Wear proper footwear
• Use ladders and stairs with caution
• Practice safe walking procedures
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS TIPS
Tips to prevent injuries from falling
• Strength training with weight bearing and
resistive exercise works for all age groups.
• Practice exercises designed to help improve
balance.
• Exercise at least three days a week to improve
strength, flexibility and balance.
• Choose low-impact exercises, such as yoga, tai
chi and Pilates to avoid stress on joints.
• Stretch daily to improve flexibility and mobility.
Workspace & work practice design
• Have adequate
ventilation to prevent
grease and
condensation build up
on floor
• Have adequate lighting
to keep work areas,
aisles and walkways
well lit
Workspace & work practice design
• Modify work processes to
reduce splatter, spill or
release of dusts, particles,
oils or liquids onto floor via:
– Ventilation
– Enclosures
– Work surfaces
with raised edges
– Drain offs
• Perform regular check-ups and maintenance on
machinery to avoid leaks
Workspace & work practice design
• Highlight step edges
and transitions with
anti-skid paint
• Make sure stairways
have sufficient
lighting and
handrails
If stairway is not often used
and not always lit, make
sure access to light switches
is readily available at both
top and bottom or stairwell
Workspace & work practice design
Use anti-slip coating and tape where
applicable
Stairs with anti-skid coating and highlighted edges.
Ramp with anti-skid coating and highlighted edges.
Workspace & work practice design
Use anti-slip mats where slip hazards are
present or where wet processes are
used
Workspace & work practice design
• Use drainage or
false floors where
needed
• Use slip-resistant
floor in high risk
areas like
entrances
Workspace & work practice design
Highlight slip and trip hazards for better
visibility
HOUSEKEEPING
• Keep walkways, aisles
and stairs clear of
clutter
• Cover or secure cords,
cables, wires or hoses
and keep them away
from high traffic areas
Better yet, use cordless tools
• Make sure rugs lay flat
and secure
A warehouse with clear, well-defined walkways.
HOUSEKEEPING
• Close desk, cabinet and
file drawers after use
• Keep floors around the
workspace free of cords,
boxes, materials, papers
and other objects
An clutter-free, organized office space.
HOUSEKEEPING
• Keep floors free of mud,
water, grease and debris
• Clean up spills
immediately
• Block off contaminated
area and continue to use
caution signs while the
floor is drying
Note: Be sure not to overuse “Wet Floor” or
“Caution” signs, if they become a part
of the ‘scenery’, they may not be taken
seriously when there really is a hazard.
HOUSEKEEPING
• Clean surface areas
regularly as
recommended, following
appropriate cleaning and
drying procedures
• Repair or replace any
damaged flooring as
necessary
SAFE WALKING PROCEDURES
• Pay attention to your
surroundings, look where you are
going and pay attention to slip
and trip hazards
• Walk, don’t run – take your time
• Don’t read, write or work while
walking
• Use handrails while ascending and
descending stairs, take your time
and don’t skip steps
• Bring a flashlight with you if you
are going into a dim area
SAFE WALKING PROCEDURES
• Before you lift anything, check
to make sure your path is clear
and your view is not obstructed
• Utilize carts - don’t carry
anything that you cannot see
over or around
• Carry small loads close to your
body
• Use the elevator if you are going
to another level and are carrying
something that requires you to
use both hands
SAFE WALKING PROCEDURES
• Walk cautiously when you
transition from one walking
surface to another
• Slow down and take small steps
when a surface is cluttered,
uneven or at an angle
• Wear stable non-slip shoes
SAFE WALKING PROCEDURES
If you must walk on a slippery surface:
• Wear non-slip footwear
• Pay attention to the surface you are walking on
• Take small, slow steps
• Point your feet out slightly to keep your center
of balance under you
• Use handrails or other stable objects you can
hold onto
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Rules of Thumb…
If you drop it, pick it up.
If you spill it, wipe it up.
Go where you are looking,
and look where you are going.
There is always time for safety !
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Hierarchy of Control
• Elimination
• Substitution
• Isolation
• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
• Provide Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
ELIMINATION
The best method of dealing with a
hazard is to eliminate it. Once the
hazard has been eliminated the
potential for harm has gone.
SUBSTITUTION
This involves substituting a
dangerous process or substance
with one that is not as dangerous.
This may not be as satisfactory as
elimination as there may still be a
risk (even if it is reduced).
ISOLATION
Separate or isolate the hazard
from people. This method has its
problems in that the hazard has
not been removed. The guard or
separation device is always at risk
of being removed or circumvented.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
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•
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Guarding
Enclosures
Substitution
Process Modification
Equipment Modification
Ventilation
Lighting
• Engineering controls eliminate the
“human factor” in preventing
injuries.
ADMINISTRATIVE
Administrative solutions usually
involve modification. This can be
done by reducing the number of
people exposed to the danger
reducing the amount of time
exposed & providing training to
those people who are exposed to
the hazard.
PPE
Provision of PPE should only be
considered when all other control
methods are impractical.
 Safety glasses
 Hard hats
 Protective clothing and gloves
 Hearing Protection
HAZARD CONTROL
• What might be some drawbacks of
reliance solely on PPE to protect
workers?
SAFETY INSPECTIONS
Inspection vs. Audit
Are you AUDITING or INSPECTING?
• Safety Inspections examines
physical facilities – looking for
unsafe conditions, safe behavior,
housekeeping responsibilities….
• Safety Audits examines procedures
& policies
SAFETY INSPECTIONS
WHAT?
• Equipment and Processes
• Employee Work Practices
• Workplace Facility-Wide Hazards
SAFETY INSPECTIONS
WHY?
• Identify hazards:
– safe practices,
– behavior & conditions that are safe
and unsafe
• Get employees involved & trained
• Improve operations
Focus on Fact Finding NOT Fault
Finding
SAFETY INSPECTIONS
Individual(s) conducting the
inspection:
• Experienced with the facility & operation
• Knowledgeable of relevant regulations,
codes & company policies
• Competent of the inspection steps
• Capable of collecting, evaluating & reporting
the data
SAFETY INSPECTIONS
Individual(s) conducting the
inspection:
• Must be equipped with the proper PPE
• Knowledgeable on how to locate safety &
health hazards
• Should have the authority to act and make
recommendations
SAFETY INSPECTIONS
HOW?
 Decide what to inspect
 Gather needed supplies
 Remember your “People Skills”
 Record observations – location and
nature of hazards
 Handle Emergencies
INSPECTION REPORTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
The
The
The
The
Background/Introduction
Findings
Recommendations
Conclusion/Summary
INSPECTION REPORTS
The

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
Background/Intro
What the report is
Who conducted the inspection?
Where was it conducted?
Why it was conducted?
INSPECTION REPORTS
The Findings
 Hazardous conditions & unsafe
work practices
 Safety system inadequacies
 Estimated costs of the accident
INSPECTION REPORTS
The Recommendations
 Strategies to eliminate/reduce
hazard
 Improvements to system
inadequacies
 Estimates of the investment
required to implement changes
INSPECTION REPORTS
The Conclusion
 Costs & investment required if
all changes are implemented
 Return on investments
 Other benefits
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
• Definition:
Process used to:
–Review Task Methods,
–Identify Hazards and
–Develop & Specify Control
Measures
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Four Basic Steps:
1. Determine the Job to be Analyzed
2. Sequencing of Basic Job Steps
3. Identifying Potential Hazards
4. Recommending Action(s) or
Procedure(s)
LEARNING ACTIVITY
Focus on Hazards
Complete a
Job Safety Analysis
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
WHY?




Individuals are given training in safe,
efficient procedures
Reduce costs
“Pre-job” instructions are given on
irregular jobs.
Leads to recommended action or
procedure to perform the job safely
MODULE THREE
Accident
(Incident)
Investigation
OBJECTIVES
After training the participants
will be able to:
• List the benefits of conducting the
investigation
• Explain the purpose of
investigating ALL incidents and
near-misses
OBJECTIVES
• List the steps in conducting an
incident investigation
• List the tools needed to properly
conduct an investigation
• Explain the responsibility of the
investigator
OBJECTIVES
• Describe the proper interview
techniques to gather information
from the witness(es)
DEFINITION
Accident (Incident)Investigation
• Organized process using written
procedures that are applied every
time an incident occurs regardless
of its severity.
Who – What – When - Where – How & Why
ACCIDENT DEFINITION
An unplanned event that interrupts
the completion of an activity and
that may (or may not) include
injury or property damage.
ACCIDENT CAUSES
• Task
• Material
• Environment
• Personnel
• Management
PURPOSE
Accident (Incident) Investigation
Determine Direct Causes (root cause)
Prevent Similar Occurrences
Fulfill Legal Requirements
Determine Cost of an Accident
Determine Compliance with Safety
Regulations
PROCEDURE
Accident (Incident) Investigation
!!Fact finding NOT fault finding!!
 Identify contributing factors
 Evaluate contributing factors & other
hazards
 Select corrective actions
 Implement
 Evaluate results
INVESTIGATION
Who should do the investigation????





First Line supervisor
Safety Committee
Safety Director / Safety Person
All of the above
A combination of the above
INCIDENT REPORTING
Is Your Incident Reporting Policy All It
Should Be?
Purpose. Stress not only legal compliance but
also the value of reports in preventing future
incidents.
Definition of “incident.” Be specific so those
responsible for reporting know exactly what types
of incidents must be reported.
INCIDENT REPORTING
Reporting procedures. Include a brief
summary of the information that should be
reported, where forms can be obtained, how soon
the report must be completed, and other relevant
requirements.
Drug testing. If your drug-testing policy
requires tests after certain incidents, your
incident forms and policies should be coordinated
with your drug-testing policy.
Documentation. Attach copies of incident
report forms to the policy statement and describe
any special certification required.
INCIDENT REPORTING
Confidentiality. Make sure your policy sets out
confidentiality requirements and procedures for
employee medical information. Keep incident reports
separate from personnel files to protect confidential
information.
Workers' Compensation. Incident reports are
often required for workers’ compensation insurance.
Potential litigation. Be sure to also cover the
manner in which the report should be maintained,
distributed, and written if there is a potential for
litigation. You want to avoid a situation in which an
incident report admits liability and is used in future
litigation against you.
INCIDENT REPORTING
What Incidents Should be
Investigated?
• Serious or Disabling
• Minor (First Aid) injuries
• Property damage
• “Near-miss” incidents
INCIDENT REPORTING
Incident Investigation Purpose:
• Will determine how and why of failures
• Examine possible corrective action
• Aid in the elimination or control of identified
hazards
• Prevent similar occurrences
INCIDENT REPORTING
Incident Investigation Purpose:
• Provide cost data
• Reinforce commitment to safety
• Document Facts
!!Fact finding NOT fault finding!!
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
What is the Investigator’s Role?
– Go to the accident site prepared
– Investigate and document the cause
– Document supervisor and witnesses
– Preserve the evidence
– Decide what evidence is important
– Conduct formal interviews
– Give advice
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Investigative Techniques
INVESTIGATE IMMEDIATELY!
• Don’t assume anything
• Obtain all possible facts
• Take measurements and diagram if
necessary
• Preserve the evidence
• Take photographs of the site
• Conduct formal interviews
Interview Techniques
Some DOs
DO…
 Put upset witnesses at ease
 Emphasize reason for investigation
 Let witnesses talk, listen
 Confirm you have the statement correct
 Sense underlying feelings
 Make short notes only during interview
Interview Techniques
Some DON’Ts
DO NOT…
 Intimidate witnesses
 Interrupt
 Prompt
 Ask leading questions
 Show emotions
 Make lengthy notes while witness is
talking
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Photographs
• Why are immediate photographs so
important
– Support facts
– Document scene
– Become the “eyes” for people not in the
field
– May be required if litigated
PRESERVE THE EVIDENCE
• Before you preserve it, let’s define it:
• Evidence is data, which helps to
prove the event
• Next, decide what evidence is
important
• Immediate photographs are critical
• The site could change the next day
and evidence would be lost
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
What Do You Photograph or Videotape?
• Sites of accidents, including:
• Defects Hazards
• Unusual Conditions
• Conditions that differ from what the
employee describes
• Areas or furniture in need of
maintenance
• Housekeeping issues
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Documentation
• Document the scene through
photographs, sketches, written
descriptions, video recordings
• Document information you hear
Accident Investigation
TIPS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fact finding not fault finding
Be impartial (unsafe acts/unsafe
conditions)
Have a written accident investigation
procedure
Designate those responsible to conduct an
accident investigation
Train all accident investigators
Establish timetable for conducting the
investigation & taking corrective action(s).
Accident Investigation
The Six-Step Process:
Secure the Scene
Gather Information
Collect Facts
Accident Investigation
Secure the Scene
Gather Information
Collect Facts
Develop Sequence
Analyze The Facts
Determine Causes
Accident Investigation
Gather Information
Analyze The Facts
Implement Solutions
Secure the Scene
Collect Facts
Develop Sequence
Determine Causes
Recommendations
Write the Report
CONGRATULATIONS!
For more information
or training of your
workplace safety
committee, contact
us:
Bureau of PENNSAFE
1-888-SAFE-422
155 E Labor and Industry Building
651 Boas Street
Harrisburg, PA 17121
717-783-2071
1-888-SAFE-422
http://www.dli.state.pa.us