Perencanaan dan Pengukuran Kinerja Logistik

[3]
Logistics Planning
Setijadi
[email protected]
2014
1
Logistics Strategy
• Three objectives:
– Cost reduction (variable costs)
– Capital reduction (investment, fixed costs)
– Service improvement (may be at odds with the above two objectives).
2
The Logistics (Strategic) Planning Triangle
 Inventory
INVENTORY
STRATEGY
LOCATION
STRATEGY
 Number,
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
GOALS
size, and location of facilities
 Assignment of stocking points to
sourcing points
 Assignment of demand to stocking points
or sourcing points
 Private/public warehousing
levels
 Deployment of
inventories
 Control methods
TRANSPORT
STRATEGY
 Modes
of transport
 Carrier routing/
scheduling
 Shipment size/
consolidation
3
Level of Logistics Planning
• Strategic
– Long range planning/decisions
– Time horizon typically longer than one year
– Very little/incomplete data
• Tactical
– Intemediate range planning
– Less than one year
• Operational
– Short range decision making
– Made on an hourly or daily basis
– Great deal of data that must be managed individually
4
Customer Service Example
• Strategic
– What facilities should service which customers?
• Tactical
– What should the service levels be for this customer?
• Operational
– How do we ship out the product today for this particular customer?
5
Type of Planning Decisions
TYPE OF DECISION
Inventories
STRATEGIC
Warehouse location,
stock location
Transportation
Warehousing
Customer Sevice
TACTICAL
OPERATIONAL
Replenishment
quantities and
timing
Seasonal equipment
lease
Equipment selection,
layout design,
location
Seasonal space
choices and private
space utilization
Order picking and
restocking
Priority rules for
customer orders
6
Logistics Trade-Offs
• Decreasing lost sales means an increase in:
– Transportation
– Inventory
– Mixture of both
• Increased number of warehouses:
– Transportation costs go down
– Inventory costs go up
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What Would Happen If… [1]
• Number of warehouses are increased
– Lower transportation costs
– Higher inventory costs
•
•
•
•
obsolescence,
damage,
pilferage,
investment.
• Truckload vs. rail
– Faster transit time;
– Higher cost;
– Lower inventory (less in transit)
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What Would Happen If… [2]
• Higher safety stock levels
– Lower cost of lost sales
– Higher inventory costs
• Longer production runs
– Higher inventory carrying costs
 Raw material and finished goods potentially
– Lower production costs
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