marintek

MarCom
Communications in the polar regions
Kay E. Fjørtoft
MARINTEK
Co-Authors: Fritz Bekkadal, Beate Kvamstad,
MARINTEK
Maritim Innovation - Svalbard 2008
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Contents
„ MARINTEK eMaritime
„ The High North – Norwegian challenges
„ Communications in the Arctic
„ Challenges
„ Posssible terrestrial and SatCom-based solutions
„ The MarCom project
„ MarCom, eNavigation and challenges
„ Conclusions
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Projects:
•DSS_DC
•MarNIS
•VITSAR
•Efforts
•Freightwise
•TOCC
•FMX
•RISIT
•Flagship
•MarCom
•RADIUS
Communications
technology
Safety and efficiency
Standardisation
- Broadband at sea
- Integrated operations
- eNavigation
- Aids To Navigation
- Technical monitoring
- On-line reporting shipshore
- Efficient terminal
operations, and
coordination between the
other transport modes.
- Decision support systems
- Applications to support
Search and Rescue
operations
- Ship evacuation, early
access to information,
sharing of same picture
between the involved
stakeholders
- Intelligent transport
- Training and simulation
- Play an active role in the
standardisation
organisations
- New challenges bound to
new operations
- Ensure that national and
international regulations for
maritime operations are
followed
- Specification of the
information contents
among the maritime
stakeholders
http://www.marintek.sintef.no/
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The High North focus
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The High North vital issues
„ Monitoring of climatic changes
„ The governments need for environmental
surveillance
„ Oil and gas offshore activities
„ Fisheries, including resource investigations and
protection
„ The Coastguards need for defeating
environmental crime and other illegal activities
„ The activity of the Norwegian Marine and Air
Force
„ Coastal water activities (ferries, cruise ships,
support ships, fishing, fishfarming etc.)
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Norwegian Challenges:
Geography and economic activity
Source: Norwegian Space Centre
Key items:
• Large territory
• Long distances
• Small population
• Arctic islands
• Large economic zone
• Fisheries, oil and gas
• Big shipping nation
• Fragile environment
Source: ACIA
Source:www.HYDRO.com
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Communication
– the crucial ingredient !
„ The major issues pertaining to these “Norwegian Challenges” lie in the
fact that we are responsible for an area of about 2 mill. km², i.e. 6 times
our mainland area, exhibiting a.o. the following precious features:
„ The Barents Sea and the arctic continental
shelves represent one of the world’s most
fertile ecosystems, being a.o. breeding
grounds for a significant percentage of the
world’s wild fish populations
„ 25% of the world’s undiscovered oil resources
are expected to be found in the Barents Sea
„ Vast and harsh territory
„ Fragile environments
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Shipping communication requirements in
the Arctic
„ Minimum requirements
„ GMDSS (DSC, NAVTEX, etc)
„ Voice communication and some distress notification
„ Efficient reporting
„ Mandatory and operation related reports can be transmitted
„ Speeds below 9.6 kbps
„ Efficient operation
„ Automatic reporting - up to 9.6 kbps
„ Online ship
„ A ship that can be put online for remote purposes
„ 1 MB per 24 hours and minimum 64 kbps
„ Could be used for emergency on-line coordination
„ Broadband ship
„ Large quantities of data required
„ 1 Mbps
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Maritime Communication in the High North
„ Local:
„ AIS infrastructure in Iceland (12 base stations)
„ VHF Digital
„ Global:
„ Iridium
„ Maritime VSAT
„ GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo), poor vertical accuracy because
of low elevation angle, OK horisontal accuracy
„ EGNOS (Geostationary, low elevation)
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Orbicomm
Thuraya
Eutelsat
Iridium
Inmarsat-4 F2
Maritime VSAT
GNSS
GSM/Edge/GPRS
UMTS
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AIS
AIS
AIS
AI
S
AI
S
AIS
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Pertinent SatCom Technologies
„ BGAN (Inmarsat - Broadband Global
Area Network )
„ VSAT((Very Small Aperture Terminal);
DVD-RCS
„ Molniya orbits (?)
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GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellites
in the High North
Theoretical limit
for GEO satellite
o
o
(0 elevation, ~80 N )
o
5 elevation
with optimum satellite
o
(~76 N)
Practical problems
with standard SatCom
o
beyond ~70 N
o
(< 8 elevation)
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The unique location of Svalbard
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The High North communication challenges
„ High latitudes make it difficult to use geostationary (GEO)
satellites due to very low elevation angles
„ Missing shore infrastructure makes it almost impossible to
use conventional ship communication and monitoring
based on AIS (Automatic Identification Systems) and VHF
radio.
„ Harsh weather conditions with ice on sea and
superstructures poses challenges for equipment as well
as technology
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Terrestrial Communication Technologies
Technology/
System
WiFi/WLAN
(IEEE802.11)
GSM/GPRS/
EDGE
UMTS
CDMA 450
(Ref.”ICE”)
VHF/BIIS
DAB
(”Digital Audio
Broadcast”)
WiMAX
(IEEE 802.16)
Digital VHF
(VHF Digital Data)
VHF/UHF
”TV-band” (?):
174–230 MHz
470–862 MHz
Weaknesses
Strengths
Bandwidth/
Capacity
Comments
Limited range (20-200 m)
Wireless Ethernet for PCs, PDAs etc.
1-50 Mbps
Wireless Ethernet for PCs, PDAs etc.
Used somewhat in ports, especially for
leisure boats
Limited range,
Comparatively high cost
Existing GSM technology.
Reasonable range.
GSM:
9.6 kbps
GPRS: 56-172 kbps
EDGE: 56-172 kbps
”2. - 2.5” generation mobile
communications systems (2G – 2.5G)
Limited centralized coverage.
Expensive to obtain nationwide
Coverage.
Reasonable bandwidth
”Standard” mobile phone technology
< 2 Mbps
3rd generation (3G) mobile system. Hardly
suited for the maritime market, especially
due to limited coverage and range.
Relatively small total bandwidth
per base station. Unproven signal
quality in difficult environments.
Reasonable number of base stations
being deployed.
Reasonable range.
< 2 Mbps
Utilizes ”old” NMT 450 frequencies
(453-457,5 / 463-467,5 MHz)
Very limited capacity.
Standard and readily available
equipment. Long range.
1 200 bps
Used ao. by the taxi business.
Hardly relevant for the maritime market.
Unidirectional broadcast operation
only.
Inexpensive receivers.
Reasonable bandwidth.
1.7 Mbps
May be interesting for broadcasting general
info., e.g. electronic maps and
meteorological data.
Novel system under roll-out by
several operators in different
areas.
High bandwidth and long range.
International standard (IEEE 802.16).
Robust modulation methods.
10 Mbps per
3.5 MHz channel.
Robust wireless communication system.
Utilizes both licensed and unlicensed
frequency bands.
Unique Norwegian solution.
Limited bandwidth per base
Station.
Very long range (70 nm ∼130 km).
Excellent coastal coverage.
Steady frequency band (156 MHz).
225 kHz bandwidth per
Channel. Total: 9 channels
(21 kbps/133 kbps)
55 base stations covering the coastline
from Oslo to Kirkenes.
Provides roaming functionality.
Undecided (?)
Vast possibilities !
Adapted WiMAX
Technologies (?)
MarCom contacts with The Norwegian
Post and Telecommunications Authority
(NPT).
WRAN
(IEEE 802.22) (?)
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The MarCom Project
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The MarCom Consortium
Project information:
„ Duration:
2007-2010
„ Budget:
„ Total: ∼ 32 MNOK
„ Financial support from
A-Star
the Norwegian Research
Council’s MAROFF
program: ∼ 15 MNOK
„ Project Administrator:
Mobikom
„ Project Manager:
MARINTEK
„ 28 partners
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The significance of e-Navigation
„ “e-Navigation is the harmonized creation,
collection, integration, exchange and presentation
of maritime information on board and ashore by
electronic means to enhance berth-to-berth navigation
and related services, for safety and security at sea and
protection of the marine environment.” [IMO’s NAV
subcommittee]
„ … meaning strong communication solutions are
needed to full fill the eNavigation goals, especially in
the High North where the distances are enormous.
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eNavigation and challenges
A descriptive model for the interaction
between e-Navigation and MarCom
Inputs
Outputs
E-NAV Core for ferries and ports/terminals
Real-time (or near real-time)
update information
AtoN (e.g. position/status)
Maritime Safety Information
(MSI)
Radar
Position fixing systems
Ships sensors
Echo sounder
Inertial navigation system
Ship-to-Ship & Ship-to-Shore &
Shore-to-Ship communication
AIS data
Meteorogical
Updates to charts & publications
Long-lead (reference) information
Digital charts & publications
AtoN infrastructure and relevant
AtoN information
Predicted meterological,
oceanographic and
hydrographic data (e.g.
seasonal weather patterns, tides
etc.)
Safe navigation
Direct users
Navigators
Officers
Enhanced:
Anti-collision and anti-grounding
processes
Route planning & monitoring
Pilotage & berthing
Under-keel and air-draft
clearance management
Alert management
Shipborne E-Nav system
(on-board the ship)
Integrated communication
(includes AIS and LRIT data,
standarised reports etc.)
Effeciencies and other benefits
Standardised and automated
maritime reporting
Logistics effeciencies (including
port state control, port
operations)
Potentially reduced insurance
costs
Improved security
SAR and pollution response
Strategic analysis for
infrastructure refinement
Incident analysis and
investigation
Reduced human ineffeciencies
& errors
Improved onboard effeciencies
Decision support mechanisms
Improved ship/shore cooperation
Sharing risk analysis between
ship & shore
External buy-in and ensured use
of E-Nav
Other
Shore E-Nav system
(teminal/port/VTS)
Direct users
Port officers
Shipping company
Organisational
Training and procedures
Quality managment processes
Data access and security
protocols
Conventions regulations and
guidelines (IMO, ITU, IALA &
IHO)
Communication protocols (ITU)
International standards (ISO,
IEC, others)
Legal instruments
Other users
Engineers
Technical inspectors
Service providers
Classes
Martime directorate
Waiting passengers
Government
Ticket office
Transport company
Safety organisations
Assistance during
emergency
situations
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Fokus- og aktivitetsområder
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Ref: MarNIS D2.2
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Generic On-board Architecture
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1. Monitoring of ferries (domestics passengers and car ferries)
This case is focusing the
challenges in monitoring
installations on board ferries in
domestic trade. We have planned
to install technical equipment and
to download performance status
from a specific ferry to on-shore
facilities, and return reports to the
ferry based on analysis of the
received data. The communication
challenges will be on obtaining
real-time data, and also exploit
opportunities in using video means
for technical operations.
Technical
Reporting
Technical mainenance To governement
To passengers
To ports
Monitoring of ferries (inland)
Safety
Qualification Monitoring
Equipment on board Certification Cargo
Passengers
Deviation
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1. Pilotage and maintenance of fairways, lighthouses and navigation marks
Case 2 is focusing the Norwegian
Coastal Departments challenges in
their pilotage services, and the
maintenances of navigation marks
like buoys and lighthouses. The
applications will therefore cover
navigation, remote monitoring and
(partly) ship operation.
Remote monitoring
Pilot age and maintenance of
fairway, lighthouse and
SMS
AIS
fairway objects
Navigation
Navigational warning
AIS
Ship operation
Operation, admininistration and management
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1. Integrated Operations (IO’s)
Integrated operations comprise a
case where we are aiming for a
more complete cooperation among
the actors involved in offshore
operation, especially within the oil
industry. The objective is to achieve
collaboration across disciplines,
companies, organizational and
geographical boundaries, made
possible by real-time data and new
work processes, in order to reach
better and safer decisions – faster.
Supply
Integrated operation
Work in real time
All relevant actors
involved in the decision
process
Interactive tool for
cooperation
Real time data
Remote monitoring
Information capture and
communication
Communication of real time
data
Information
distributions
Detection systems (oil
spell etc)
Communication operation
central onshore and offshore
Remote operation of equipment
like ROV
Enviornmental
monitoring
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1. Passenger information on trains and at roads
In case 4 we aim at obtaining
communication solutions having
similarities with those meeting the
maritime needs. Therefore we are
exploiting train operations as well
as road operations in order to
identify the communication
challenges they are facing. The
applications heading for in this case
will mainly be position-based
information and information
exchange, along with infotainment
services to the passengers.
Reporting
Monitoring
Entertainment
Time and deviation
Remote monitoring
Information
distributions
Public information
Traffic information
Position information
assenger information on train and at ro
Advertisement
Remote operation of
Technical monitoring equipment like ROV
General
Safety monitoring
entertainment
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1. High-speed craft operations
The high-speed craft operations
case com theprises following
applications areas; technical
maintenance, navigation,
infotainment and ship operation.
This case is also highly focusing
communication challenges where
roaming and handover incidents
are frequent, since the speed of
these vessels are high (ref. also
trains and cars). Severe
requirements apply to reliable
navigation data, where real-time
processes and frequent updating
represent crucial issues.
Speed boat operation
Technical
maintenance
Navigation
Entertainment
Technical monitoring
Fairway
Public information
Ship Operation
Laws and
enforcement
Decision support
AIS
Advertisement
Remote monitoring
ticket machinery
Video conferance
Metrology
Remote operation of
equipment like ROV Traffic data
Real time and
frequently updated
General
entertainment
Order and
maintainence list
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1. Vessel-to-Vessel (V2V) Relay and Mesh networking
This case comprises technology
demonstations aiming at coverage
area extension and flexibility
enhancement by applying a system
enabling mobile stations to
communicate with a base station
through intermediate relay stations.
It is focusing handover problems,
as well as the mixture of fixed and
mobile nodes interconnected via
wireless links to form a multi-hop
ad-hoc network, amongst ships,
marine beacons and buoys.
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1. Mobile on-board LAN-solutions
Case 7 is focusing mobile onboard LAN solutions satisfying the
vessels needs for local
infrastructure and services. This
case will be a supporting case for
many of the others and will give
input to the on-board
communication challenges. It will
emphasize the use of hand-held
equipment, and additionally
information exchange amongst the
ships crew,, as well as with the
command centres.
PROFILE:
Plattform
Logiske kommunikasjonslinjer
WLAN Om bord:
1
Bro
2
Kran
4
7
PDAer
3
Maskinrom
5
Velferd
8
9
DatafangstLast
6
Datafangst
Bulk
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1. The High North challenges
This case will examine the
challenges faced by maritime
operations in the High North, and
assess adaptions from the other
cases to these vast, harsh and
highly demanding regions. Some
of the major focus areas are:
monitoring of maritime operations
and the environment, security and
territorial surveillance and control,
meteorology, and safety and
rescue (SAR) operations.
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1. International shipping
International shipping represents a
case where e-Navigation, ship
operation and emergency
management will be focused. The
operation areas are normally far
from the shipowners offices, within
different time zones, and face
different challenges compared to
operations in domestic waters.
Therefore requirements pertaing to
remote assistance, decision
support and operational
instructions are different from the
other cases prime areas.
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Ref: MarNIS D2.2
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Conclusions
„ Requirements from the different cases are detecting same needs
„ e-Navigation needs modern communication solutions
„ Terrestrially technological solutions is suited for coastal traffic:
„ Mobile multi-jump relay & mesh networking
„ The technology should be developed in close cooperation with the
users to insure the user requirements
„ New SatCom-systems most be used to full fill the open spots in the
terrestrial solution ranges
„ Need to focus on seamless hand over and roaming among the
senders, systems and service providers.
„ The Arctic challenges has other requirements than the main land
„ HEO-satellites (Molniya-positions) (?)
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MarSafe North shall determine the most crucial challenges and find possible solutions for
maritime safety management of our future commitments in the High North. This will be done
by integrating research within the most critical functions related to these commitments:
•Nautical Operations, including Transport Corridors and Logistics
•Dynamic Risk Assessment and Emergency Response
•Territorial Security Control and Resource Supervision
•Infrastructure and Integrated Coastal Zone Management
MarSafe North
Maritime Safety Management
in the High North
User
requirements
State-of-the-art
Visions and
future needs
Technical requirements
•Communication technologies
•Surveillance & sensing technologies
•Radio navigation & tracking technologies
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The future?
•New transport corridors
•Climatic monitoring
•The main hydrocarbon province
•Fisheries and aquaculture
•Cruises and tourist attractions
•Healthy environment
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Contact
MarCom Project Manager:
Mr. Kay Endre Fjørtoft, MSc, Senior Research Engineer
e-Maritime, MARINTEK
Otto Nielsens Veg 10
7052 TRONDHEIM
Tel: +47 73595755
Cel: +47 90057068
email: [email protected]
http://www.marintek.sintef.no
http://www.marcom.no
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