Hans Husselman

KIVI NIRIA
Afdeling Oost
Afghanistan
Ervaring
Hans Husselman
GTZ Water Sector Improvement Program
Teamleader Component 3, Water Resources Management
7 juni 2010
RODECO Consulting GmbH
Afghanistan,
Er is niet alleen
maar oorlog …..
Overzicht van ontwikkelingen in
Water Resources Management & UWSS
1
Introduction:
General information, water related
Climate
ETP
1200mm North
1800mm South
South West
Average 250 mm
North-East 1200 mm
South-West 60 mm
December 2002
35°
May
2003
September 2003
Water Resources
-20°
Amu Darya River Basin
Northern River Basin
Harirud-Murghab Basin
Helmand River Basin
Kabul-Eastern River Basin
Irrigatie
>80% Bevolking in landbouw
65 miljoen Ha
Water flow
Land area
Drinkwater voorziening
Geen toegang tot drinkwater
stedelijke gebieden
70%
platteland
80%
12% bebouwbaar
2% bosgebied
86% graasgebied of kaal
Efficientie 15 – 30 %
Op dit moment 2 miljoen Ha
onder irrigatie
Mid ’70’s Afghanistan zelfvoorzienend in voedsel productie
Efficientie watervoorziening
ongeveer 50%
Meer vraag dan voorziening
Vervuiling oppervlakte - en
grondwater
Slechte sanitatie,
Slechte/geen vast vuilinzameling
75% waterbronnen in Kabul vervuild
2
Partners in the Water Sector
MoEW
MoAIL
AUWSSC/ MoUD
MoM
MoRRD
MoH
NEPA
Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Transboundary waters
Main problems
Lack of capable staff;
Non-functional institutions
Backlog supply versus demand
Loss of hydrologic data
No national water resources
development plan
3
Het leggen van de fundering
“Kabul Understandings” May 2002
IWRM (geïntegreerd water beheer)
Mijn Werk
Supreme Council for
Water Affairs Mnt.
(SCWAM)
RURAL WATER
SUPPLY &
SANITATION
POLICY
IRRIGATION
POLICY
WATER RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
POLICY
RIVER BASIN
INSTITUTIONAL
SET-UP
STRATEGIC POLICY
FRAMEWORK for the
WATER SECTOR
Hoever is de legpuzzel van de water sector
Water Law
Regulations
GROUNDWATER
POLICY
URBAN WATER
SUPPLY
POLICY
UWSS SECTOR
INSTITUTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Amendment
4
Vice Pres.
Technical
Secretariat
Water
IWRM
Management
River Basin Approach
legislation
Stakeholder Participation
Resources
Splitting Functions
New
5
It Looks at…..
But it also looks at:
Social aspects
Surface Water
Environmental aspects
Cultural aspects
IWRM
Ground Water
Legal aspects
Quality
But it also looks at:
Economical aspects
?
IWRM
Financial aspects
Institutional aspects
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River Basin Approach
CONSTITUTIONAL
FUNCTION
ORGANIZATIONAL
FUNCTION
OPERATIONAL
FUNCTION
•Vision establishment
•Policy development
•Strategies
•Implementation
•Formal legislation
•Criteria, guidelines,
standards
•Water use management
•Co-ordination of strategies
•Secondary legislation,
regulation
•Monitoring
•Strategic planning
•General management
•Policing
•Organizational planning
•Sanctioning
Splitting Functions
•Creation of institutions
•Organization of
implementation
•Water utility management
Myrabs
District
River Basin Management
Municipality
Ministry
River Basin Council &
Water User Association
Water Resources Sector
Sub-Basin Council
+
River Basin Agency &
Sub-Basin Agency
Water Service provider
Hydro power Service
provider
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River Basin Institutional Arrangements
Advisory
Board of
Provincial
Departments
MAIL
MRRD
MM
Health
NEPA
MUD
Economics
Municipalities
Supreme Council for Water Affairs Management
Technical
Secretariat
MEW
River Basin
Coordination
Advice
Advice
Active representation
Stakeholder Participation
• MEW
•MAIL
 MRRD
 MM
 MUD
 Kabul
Municipality
NEPA
River
Basin Agency
Tasks,
decisions
River
Basin
Council
Provincial
Development /
Management
Committee
Representation
Information
Instructions
Sub-Basin
Agency
Advice
Sub-basin
Council
Instructions
Executive operator /
service provider:
Mirab
Irr scheme operator
WS operator
Hydro-power operator
Mirab Associations, Jirgas / Shuras, Other
Stakeholder / Community Organizations /
Associations, Supervisory board
Functions and Powers of (Sub) Basin Council
 Water Allocation
Stakeholder Participation
 Granting Licenses
 River Basin Management Strategy
 Regulate Water Use
 Monitoring and Evaluation
8
My Work
UWSS
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
---- 2008
MoF
MUD
WS
funds
CAWSS
(SOE)
Herat
Kabul
WS
WS
Mazar-eSharif WS
Kandahar
WS
Kunduz
WS
In total 32 provincial
water supply offices
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
2008 ----
MoF
BoD
MUD
AUWSS
Corporation
May 2010
6x
SBU
Smaller provincial
towns WS
Kabul
Herat
Kandahar
Kunduz
Mazar-e-Sharif
Jalabad
SBU = Strategic Business Unit
Directly responsible for O&M
Only percentage of income to AUWSS HQ
Tariff setting still done by AUWSS
9
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
Vision
MoF
BoD
MUD
AUWSS
Corporation
BoD
6x
Remaining
small
provincial
towns WS
WS companies
Kabul
Herat
Kandahar
Kunduz
Mazar-e-Sharif
Jalabad
Barrieres in de ontwikkeling
Irrigatie ?
MoEW
Klein schalig, weinig
belangstelling MEW & MAIL
Succesvol bij donoren
MoRRD
Te grote projecten -”droomkastelen”
Donor
fluctuatie/coordinatie
MoAIL
Vrij oude staf bij MEW
....eigen belang
AUWSS Corporation
op papier
10
De Magie van Water
WATER : een
ongrijpbaar
natuurlijk
rijkdom
Dat moeilijk is vast te houden
VOORTGANG ?
ARD Cluster
Irrigatie ?
MoAIL
MoEW
Water Beheer
Irrigatie
Plattelands
ontwikkeling
In River Basins
MoRRD
AUWSS Corporation baas over
stedelijk water (Mei 2010)
AUWSSC
11
Mijn ervaring
met de Afghaanse counterparts
Infrastructuur
Institutionele Opbouw
Samenwerking met
EU - Panj Amu Darya River Basin project
Grensoverschrijdende rivieren:
4 van 5 rivier-stroomgebieden grensoverschrijdend
UWSS
WRM
Mijn ervaring
met de cultuur
Afghanen zijn trotse mensen
‫حصاری زبان‬
Taal barriere
12
De Afghaanse droom/visie
RBM
in place
Commercially operated business units
in urban water supply
Hydro-metric network operating
yes
National WR development plan
SCWAM + tech.secr functioning
Proper WRM curriculum at Universities
De Afghaanse uitdagingen
• Improvement of human resources
• Creation of political will for support
• Setting-up institutional components
• Awareness creation with general public
• Opening dialogue for transboundary issues
• Establishment of water research institute
Info also at www.ands.gov.af
13
Integrated
Water Resources
Management
for
a sustainable future
of
Afghanistan.
They work on that !!!
AFGHAN GERMAN TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION
RODECO Consulting GmbH
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