Untitled - University High School

Name ___________________________________________________ Per _____ Date ____________________
Basic Outlining Format Guide for Chapter Outlines
Title of the Chapter
I. Topic of First Main Section of the chapter (include definitions, explanations, details and page
numbers)
A. First Main Point under the First Main Section of the chapter (include definitions, explanations,
details and page numbers)
1. Subpoint under the Main point
a. Detail and/or definition for the subpoint
2. Subpoint under the Main point
a. Detail and/or definition for the subpoint
3. Subpoint under the Main point
a. Detail and/or definition for the subpoint
B. Second Main Point under the First Main Section of the chapter (include definitions, explanations,
details and page numbers)
1. Subpoint under the Main point
a. Detail and/or definition for the subpoint
2. Subpoint under the Main point
a. Detail and/or definition for the subpoint
3. Subpoint under the Main point
a. Detail and/or definition for the subpoint
C. Third Main Point under the First Main Section of the chapter (include definitions, explanations,
details and page numbers)
1. Subpoint under the Main point
a. Detail and/or definition for the subpoint
2. Subpoint under the Main point
a. Detail and/or definition for the subpoint
3. Subpoint under the Main point
a. Detail and/or definition for the subpoint
II. Topic of Second Main Section of the chapter (include definitions, explanations, details and page
numbers)
--Continue Outlining Following the Section I guide that includes subcategories, sub-subcategories, definitions,
details and page numbers.
The Outline is to be used as your study guide for the chapter, so the more complete it is, the better
prepared you will be to take the Chapter quizzes and the Unit Exams.
1
Name ___________________________________________________ Per _____ Date ____________________
** Note: Word is rather annoying with auto formatting sometimes. You can do a few things.
1. Go to the format menu, choose auto format, and then click the options button and look at the
various tabs in that section and turn off certain auto things like automatically numbered lists.
2. Type just text for your outline and then go back and add your roman numerals and letters, etc.
The auto format features usually happen after you have hit the "enter" key on the keyboard, so by
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3. Try to work with Word's auto outlining system. Just be consistent with whatever format you
choose to use.
2
Name:______________________
Math Review
On the APES exam you will be required to do several math problems without the use of a
calculator! To be successful you need to show all of your work and show all units!
It is expected that you are able to do the following without a calculator prior to being in APES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Be proficient in unit manipulation
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers without a calculator
Know simple conversion factors
Know and convert metric prefixes
Understand simple statistical terms
Be comfortable with negative numbers
Recognize units of area and volume, and be able to convert volumes
Calculate percentages and percent differences
Put numbers into scientific notation
GRAPH
Directions: Complete the following math problems (1-65) without the use of a calculator. To earn
credit you must show all of your work!
Identify the following as length, time, temperature, mass, or amount of substance:
1) 30 cm
2) 17.50 g
3) 220 s
o
4) 25.0 C
5) 0.1234 dg
6) 36 hrs.
7) 0.1 mol
8) 273 K
9) 0.98 m
10) 365.25 days
Identify the following as area, volume, speed, velocity, acceleration, or density:
11) 4 m
2
12) 66 kg/m
3
13) 27.08 cm
3
14) 18.1 mm/s
2
15) 1.0 g/mL
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
16) 250 mL
17) 19.56 mm
2
18) 5.9 m/s SE
Convert the following measurements:
Example #1 678.9 m = _______ km (0.6789 km)
Example #2 11 g = _______ cg (1100 cg)
19) 42.5 g = _____ kg
20) 50505 ms = _____ s
21) 9500 cL = _____ daL
22) 84.8 mm = _____ cm
23) 0.033 kmol = _____ dmol
24) 111.41 cm = _____ m
25) 52 s = _____ cs
26) 0.05 L = _____ mL
27) 130 mg = _____ g
28) 62.77 mmol = _____ mol
29) 7.11 mol = _____ cmol
30) 9123.4 m = _____ hm
31) 56 daL = _____ hL
32) 459.11 kg = _____ mg
33) 4 das = _____ ds
34) 0.789 dmol = _____ mmol
35) 88 g = _____ dag
36) 12.211 s = _____ ks
37) 4.5697 dL = _____ kL
38) 5 m = _____ mm
39) 10500 g = _____ hg
40) 16.96 hmol = _____ mol
Dimensional Analysis
41) How many seconds are you in school every week?
42) Joe and Mel are trying to determine whose car they should take down to Las Vegas (563 miles
away). Joe’s tricked out Nissan Sentra Coupe gets 28 miles per gallon, while Mel’s Cayman Porsche
gets uses an average of 10 liters for every 100 km.
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
43) The Pacific Giant Kelp is the longest growing kelp in the world at 197 ft long.
How many millimeters (mm) is this?
44) The Pacific Giant Kelp grows at a rate of 18 in/day. How many centimeters per hour is this?
45) Christopher Bergland holds the world record for most distance run on a treadmill in a day. He
ran 247.45 km. How many miles per hour did Chris have to run to accomplish this?
46) The biggest piece of fudge ever created weighed 3010 lbs. The recommended serving of fudge is
28g. How many servings did this piece of fudge have?
47) The heaviest weight ever lifted by a human ear is 51.7 kg. How many pounds is this?
48) David Huxley holds the world record for heaviest plane pulled. The plane weighed 184 tons. He
covered 91m in 1 min and 27 sec. How many miles per hour did he average while moving the
plane?
49) The Cullinan Diamond, the world’s largest rough gem quality diamond, weighs 621.35g and is
estimated to have a value for $400 million. How many dollars per ounce do this equal?
50) Jewel Royale Chess Set holds the title of “Most Expensive” Chess set. It has a value of 9.8 million
dollars. How much does a single piece of the set cost (assuming that all the pieces are worth the
same)?
51) The record qualifying time for the Indy 500 is set at 37.895 seconds. If the track is 2.5 miles,
how many feet per second was the driver going? How many miles per hour?
52) 1 atm = 14.7 Psi. 1 Gpa = 9869 atm. At the bottom of the Earth’s mantle (right before you get to
the core, 2885 km), the pressure is estimated to be 140 Gpa.
a. How many Psi is this?
b. How many atm is this for every km down?
c. The Earth’s center is 6371 km below your feet. How many Gpa (gigapascals) are at this depth?
53) The SR-71 Blackbird is the world’s fastest jet. It flew 1806.964 mph. How manymeters per
second is this?
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
Scientific Notation
54) The average width of a polyester fiber is 0.0001 meters. What is this number in scientific
notation?
A 1.0 × 10-4
B 1.0 × 104
C 10 × 10-4
D 10 × 104
55) 4.8 × 10-4=
A 0.00048
B 4.8000
C 48
D 480,000
56) What is 9.01 × 10-4 in standard notation?
A 0.0901
B 0.00901
C 0.000901
D 0.0000901
57) What is 84,000,000 in scientific notation?
A 84 × 106
B 8.4 × 107
C 0.84 × 108
D 8.4 × 10-7
58) What is 92,660,000,000,000 in scientific notation?
A 9.2 × 1013
B 92.66 × 1012
C 9.266 × 1013
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
D 9266 × 1010
59) What is 0.000007282 in scientific notation?
A 7282 × 10-9
B 7.282 × 10-6
C 0.7282 × 10-5
D 7.282 × 106
60) What is 4,000,020,000,000,000 in scientific notation?
A 4 × 1015
B 4.000 × 1015
C 400002 × 1010
D 4.00002 × 1015
61) What is 0.00000372046 in scientific notation?
A 3.72046 × 106
B 3.72046 × 105
C 3.72046 × 107
D 3.72046 × 10-6
62) What is 3.6 × 102 in standard notation?
A 3600
B 360
C 36
D 0.036
63) What is 7.11 × 106 in standard notation?
A 7,110,000
B 711,000
C 0.00000711
D 7.11000000
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
64) What is 8.8132 × 108 in standard notation?
A 8,813,200,000
B 88,132,000
C 881.32 × 106
D 881,320,000
Graphing
Choosing the right kind of graph:
Pie Graph
A pie graph is a circle divided into sections which each display the size of a relative piece of information.
Each section of the graph comes together to form a whole. In a pie graph, the length of each sector is
proportional to the percentage it represents. Pie graphs work particularly well when each slice of the pie
represents 25 to 50 percent of the given data.
Bar Graph
The bar graph is a common type of graph which consists of parallel bars or rectangles with lengths that
are equal to the quantities that occur in a given data set. The bars can be presented vertically or
horizontally to show the contrast and record information. Bar graphs are used for plotting discontinuous
(discrete) data. Discrete data contains discrete values and are not continuous.
Line Graph
A line graph displays information in a series of data points that each represents an individual
measurement or piece of data. The series of points are then connected by a line to show a visual trend in
data over a period of time. The line is connected through each piece chronologically.
Area Graph
An area graph is based on a line chart and displays quantitive data in the form of a graph. The area
between the line and the axis is typically separated with textures or colors. Each area segment of an area
graph is stacked on each other so that the total area of each category reflects the data. Each series of
data is presented by a colored segment.
XY Graph
XY graphs are typically used to plot and display data pairs which consist of two separate values, the Xvalue and the Y-value. Each data pair represents information from given data and displayed as a symbol.
The values are combined into single points and displayed in uneven clusters or intervals.
Every graph must have 1. a title
2. the axes should be clearly labelled
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
3. the values/divisions shown on each axis must be consistent and equally spaced
4. scales on each axis must be clearly stated
5. if required, a key explaining some aspects of the graph should be provided
Price of
Gasoline
Year
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Jan
0.605
0.627
0.648
0.716
1.131
1.298
1.358
1.230
1.216
1.148
1.194
0.862
0.933
0.918
1.042
1.247
1.073
1.117
1.043
1.129
1.129
1.261
1.131
0.972
1.301
1.472
1.139
1.473
1.592
Feb
0.600
0.637
0.647
0.730
1.207
1.382
1.334
1.187
1.209
1.131
1.120
0.905
0.913
0.926
1.037
1.143
1.054
1.108
1.051
1.120
1.124
1.255
1.082
0.955
1.369
1.484
1.13
1.641
1.672
Mar
0.594
0.643
0.647
0.755
1.252
1.417
1.284
1.152
1.210
1.159
0.981
0.912
0.904
0.940
1.023
1.082
1.058
1.098
1.045
1.115
1.162
1.235
1.041
0.991
1.541
1.447
1.241
1.748
1.766
Apr
0.592
0.651
0.649
0.802
1.264
1.412
1.225
1.215
1.227
1.205
0.888
0.934
0.930
1.065
1.044
1.104
1.079
1.112
1.064
1.140
1.251
1.231
1.052
1.177
1.506
1.564
1.407
1.659
1.833
May
0.600
0.659
0.655
0.844
1.266
1.400
1.237
1.259
1.236
1.231
0.923
0.941
0.955
1.119
1.061
1.156
1.136
1.129
1.080
1.200
1.323
1.226
1.092
1.178
1.498
1.729
1.421
1.542
2.009
Jun
0.616
0.665
0.663
0.901
1.269
1.391
1.309
1.277
1.229
1.241
0.955
0.958
0.955
1.114
1.088
1.160
1.179
1.130
1.106
1.226
1.299
1.229
1.094
1.148
1.617
1.64
1.404
1.514
2.041
Jul
0.623
0.667
0.674
0.949
1.271
1.382
1.331
1.288
1.212
1.242
0.890
0.971
0.967
1.092
1.084
1.127
1.174
1.109
1.136
1.195
1.272
1.205
1.079
1.189
1.593
1.482
1.412
1.524
1.939
Aug
0.628
0.667
0.682
0.988
1.267
1.376
1.323
1.285
1.196
1.229
0.843
0.995
0.987
1.057
1.190
1.140
1.158
1.097
1.182
1.164
1.240
1.253
1.052
1.255
1.51
1.427
1.423
1.628
1.898
Sep
0.630
0.666
0.688
1.020
1.257
1.376
1.307
1.274
1.203
1.216
0.860
0.990
0.974
1.029
1.294
1.143
1.158
1.085
1.177
1.148
1.234
1.277
1.033
1.280
1.582
1.531
1.422
1.728
1.891
Oct
0.629
0.665
0.690
1.028
1.250
1.371
1.295
1.255
1.209
1.204
0.831
0.976
0.957
1.027
1.378
1.122
1.154
1.127
1.152
1.127
1.227
1.242
1.042
1.274
1.559
1.362
1.449
1.603
-
Nov
0.629
0.664
0.695
1.041
1.250
1.369
1.283
1.241
1.207
1.207
0.821
0.976
0.949
0.999
1.377
1.134
1.159
1.113
1.163
1.101
1.250
1.213
1.028
1.264
1.555
1.263
1.448
1.535
-
Dec
0.626
0.665
0.705
1.065
1.258
1.365
1.260
1.231
1.193
1.208
0.823
0.961
0.930
0.980
1.354
1.123
1.136
1.070
1.143
1.101
1.260
1.177
0.986
1.298
1.489
1.131
1.394
1.494
-
Bureau of Labor
Statistics
65) Create 2 different graphs using the data provided in the table above. Be sure to use graph paper and
follow the guidelines provided above. Be sure to explain what the data illustrates in a conclusion statement.
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
Helpful Hints:
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Name:______________________
APESmathreview/summerassignment/KLevensailor2014
Summer Assignment
Chemistry Review
Chemistry is a big part of environmental science. It is highly recommended that you take chemistry before registering for
this course. In order to review some of the basic chemistry concepts you will need complete the following on a clean
sheet of paper. This may be typed or hand written.
1. For each of the following, write out the chemical name that goes with the symbol:
CO2
CO
C6H12O6
CH4
H2
N2
NO2
NO3
NH3
NH4
O2
O3
P
PO43-
S
SO2
SO3
H2SO4
NaCl
Pb
U
Rn
Hg
Cl
H2O
2. Write at least a paragraph that explains the following:
a. What is the pH scale? What does it measure?
b. How do the numbers on the pH scale compare? Example – is a pH of 4 twice as strong as a pH of 2? Hintthe pH scale is not linear!
c. What are the average pH ratings of the following common substances in the environment?
i. Blood
ii. Rain
iii. Freshwater (lake or river)
iv. Ocean water
Environmental Legislation Review
Legislation Name Is this a
US or
World
Treaty,
Law or
Act?
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal
Protocol
National
Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA)
CITES
The Surface
Mining Control
and Reclamation
Act (SMRCA)
Resource
Conservation and
Recovery Act
(RCRA)
Lacey Act
Clean Water Act
Safe Drinking
Water Act
Federal
Insecticide,
Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act
Clean Air Act
Endangered
Species Act
Marine Mammal
Protection Act
Comprehensive
Environmental
Response,
Compensation,
and Liability Act
(CERCLA)
Date
Enacted
(Year)
Description of the Legislation (Give the purpose, important
founding organizations or people, any major points that you find)
A.P. Environmental Science Summer Reading List:
We have chosen a list of books that are well known and pertain to this course. Your job this summer
is to choose one of the books from this reading list and do the following assignment (you can check
amazon.com for an idea of what the book is about). Those with stars next to them are highly
recommended!
As you read, and after you finish… please complete the following:
•
•
•
•
•
Write down any vocabulary and/or information that is related to environmental science
and define (10 term minimum)
Describe any questions you may have as a result of your reading (5 questions minimum)
Describe your opinion of the reading – positive/negative/neutral. Reference items in the
book to support your thoughts. (Minimum 2 paragraphs).
Relate what you have learned to your personal life – how does it affect/impact you? How
does it fit into an APES course? (Minimum 1 paragraph)
Condense the overall, take home message of the book into a Bumper Sticker slogan. Design
and draw your bumper sticker. Then justify and defend your analysis. (Minimum 1
paragraph)
Books to choose from:
Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life by Barbara Kingsolver*
Ishmael by Daniel Quinn*
Cradle-to-Cradle: Remaking the Way we Make Things by William McDonough and Michael
Braungart*
Omnivore’s Dilemma by Michael Pollan*
In Defense of Food: An Eater's Manifesto by Michael Pollan*
A Civil Action by Jonathan Harr*
A Reason for Hope by Jane Goodall*
A Sand County Almanac by Aldo Leopold*
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson*
Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water by Marc Reisner*
Deep Ecology by Bill Devall*
Desert Solitaire by Edward Abbey*
Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond*
Small is Beautiful by E.F. Schumacher*
The Diversity of Life by E. O. Wilson*
The Population Bomb by Paul Ehrich*
The Sixth Extinction : Patterns of Life and the Future of Humankind by Richard E. Leakey and Roger
Lewin*
A Green History of the World by Clive Pointing
An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore
Atmosphere, Climate, and Change by Thomas Graedal and Paul Crutzen
Beyond Malthus by Lester Brown
Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World by Mark Kurlansky
Collapse by Jared Diamond
Crimes Against Nature by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.
Death in the Marsh by Tom Harris
Earth in Mind by David Orr
Earth in the Balance by Al Gore
Earth Under Siege by Richard P. Turco
Ecology, Economics, and Ethics: The Broken Circle by F. Herbert Bormann and Stephen R. Kellert
Ecology of Fear by Mike Davis
Eco Warriors: Understanding the Radical Environmental Movement by Rik Scarce
Encounter With the Archdruid by John McPhee
Green Delusions by Martin Lewis
Gorillas in the Mist by Dian Fossey
How Many People Can the Earth Support? by Joel E. Cohen
In the Shadow of Man by Jane Goodall
Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run by Davis Brower and Steve Chapple
Life in Balance: Humanity and Biodiversity by Niles Eldredge
Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth by Williams Rees
Our Stolen Future by Theo Colborn, Dianne Dumanoski, and John Peterson Myers
Road Ecology by Richard T. T. Forman (Editor), Daniel Sperling (Editor)
Small Wonder by Barbara Kingsolver
The Burning Season by Andrew Revkin
The Coming Plague by Laurie Garret
The Control of Nature by John McPhee
The Hydrogen Economy* by Jeremy Rifkin
The Future of Life by E.O. Wilson
The Limits to Growth 2nd Edition by Donnella Meadows
The Solace of Open Spaces by Gretel Ehrlich
Plan B by Lester Brown
The Old Ace in the Hole by Annie Proulx
The Stork and The Plow by Paul Ehrich
Tinkering With Eden by Kim Todd
Tracking the Vanishing Frogs by Kathryn Phillips
Walden; Or, Life in the Woods by Henry David Thoreau
A Wilderness Bill of Rights by William O. Douglas
Wolves of Isle Royale by Rolk Peterson