Large Hydro ensuring Grid Stability with rapidly expanding Wind

Transcription

Large Hydro ensuring Grid Stability with rapidly
expanding Wind Generation –
A Supplier’s Perspective
PSPP KOPS 2, Austria, 540 MW, 2008
By:
Peter Amler
Date:
May 2010
Venue:
All - Energy 2010 - Aberdeen
Content
The Grid
Why Pumped Storage
History of Pumped Storage
Technologies
Conclusion
The ENTSO-E grid – at present
Source: ENTSO-E Grid – European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity
 Supply of appr.
500 million people with
electricity
 670 GW installed capacity
 Annual electrical consumption
appr. 2600 TWh
The Interconnected Grid – in the future
 Supply of appr.
700 million people with
electricity
 appr. 850 GW installed
capacity
 Increasing grid stability
 Pumped Storage as
stabilizing factor
 Inter-Area Oscillation
 Pumped Storage as
damping factor
World-wide the largest synchronous grid without existing example !
The Role of Wind Power in the Interconnected Grid
 Wind energy has tremendously
strengthened its role in the European
energy mix  increasing tendency
 53 GW installed wind power
 Germany, Spain, Netherlands and
Denmark
 0,2..38% of the daily load
 Typical characteristics of wind
 Intermittency
 Low predictability
 Low reliability
 Non dispatchable
 Require backup for base load and peak
 Pumped Storage
Quelle: e.on-Netz Windreport
 Grid Stability
 To maintain all generators operating
in the grid at synchronous frequency
 Balancing and reserve power are key
issues and are gaining more on
importance
 UCTE Handbook
 Control systems of power plants to
latest state of the art
 Reserve power according risks
Reserve Power
Grid Stability and Reserve Power
Primary Reserve
Secondary Reserve
(Seconds)
(Minutes)
30 s
15 min
Activation Speed
 Primary Reserve
 Acting within seconds
 Secondary Reserve
 Acting within minutes
Trumpet Curve
Pumped Storage Plants can provide Primary and
Secondary Reserve Energy most economically !
Tertiary Reserve
>60 min
Content
The Grid
Why Pumped Storage
Technologies
Conclusion
What is Pumped Storage?
Energy Storage
 Sole large storage option for electrical
energy with high efficiency (> 80 %).
 The energy storage medium is water.
Safety factor
 Instantaneous reserve reacting in case
of incidents (network stability)
Environmental friendly
 Emission-free
 smaller reservoirs
 lower fresh water demand
 reduction of partial load operations of
thermal power plants
Bieudron 1700 MW, Switzerland, IB 1999
Why Pumped Storage?
Main Tasks

Balancing of energy supply and demand
in the electricity network.

Pumped Storage Plants are able to
provide or absorb the necessary energy
to / from the grid.

Reduction of bottlenecks

Reduction of overcapacities
(e.g. Nuclear PS)

Management of energy reserves

Increasing meaning in the power trade
(Unbundling)
Content
The Grid
Why Pumped Storage
Technologies
Conclusion
The History of Pumped Storage
PSW Niederwartha during Construction 1929
 First pumped storage power stations already
realized at the beginning of the last century
 PSW Niederwartha (IBS 27. Nov. 1929)
A pioneer achievement in Engineering
 Development to Top Performance after the
PSW Shi San Ling 900 MVA,
China, IB 1995
Second World War

1961 - Cruachan, Scotland – over 100MW

1970 - Vianden, Luxemburg – over 200MW

1974 - Chiotas, Italy – multiple stage, over 1000m Head
PSW Tian Huang Ping
2000 MVA, China, IB 1998
Pumped Storage in the Alps (selected)
Deutschland
Tauernmoos 100 MW
Hintermuhr 75 MW
Kühtai II 200 MW
Limberg II 480 MW
Limberg III 480 MW
Feldsee 70 MW
Reisseck II 420 MW
Kops 540 MW
Nestil 142 MW
Limmern 1000 MW
Grimsel3 400 MW
Sambuco 960 MW
Somplago 115 MW
Cavaglia II 105 MW
Vald‘Ambra II 70 MW
Verzasca 300 MW
NantdeDrance 600 MW
Italien
… Under Construction
… Planned
Avce 180 MW
Kozjak 400 MW
Content
The Grid
Why Pumped Storage
Technologies
Conclusion
Technology 1 – Three Machine Set (Ternary Group)
M/G
 Advantage:

Fast mode change
T
Turbine  Pump

Start to pump mode in water

Optimized Turbine- and Pump efficiency

Possibility of direct hydraulic short circuit
Coupling
P
(Regulating energy)
 Disadvantage:

Increased Investment

Additional space requirement

Additional valves
PSW Häusling 400 MVA,
Austria, IB 1986
KOPS 2 / Austria - Three Machine Set (Ternary Group)
Customer:
 Vorarlberger Illwerke
Main Equipment
 3 x 180 MW Peltonturbines, 3-stage Pumps
and 3 x 200 MVA Motorgenerators
 Net Head 808 m
 500 rpm
Project Highlights
 Pelton units with back-pressure,
positioned above the generator
 Up to 60 load changes a day
 Response time < 20 sec
 Capable of hydraulic short-circuit to achieve
regulation of ± 100% power
Since 2008 successful in operation
Pelton Turbine
Motor-Generator
Coupling
Pump
Technology 2 - Reversible (Francis) Pumpturbine
 Advantage:
 Compact powerhouse design
 Cost attractive solution
 Indirect hydraulic short circuit
(Regulating energy)
 Disadvantage:
 Longer mode changing periods
Turbine  Pump
 start in pump mode under dewatered runner
condition
 Preferred method for pump starting:
 electrical shaft „back to back“
 static frequency converter (SFC) in air
M/G
P/T
PSW Goldisthal
VAR Rotor 350 MVA
PSW Vianden
Runner 220 MW
Limberg II / Austria – Reversible single-stage Pumpturbine
Customer :
 VERBUND-Austrian Hydro Power
Main Equipment
 2 x 240 MW single stage reversible
Pumpturbines,
2x270 MVA Motorgenerators and
starting - SFC
 Net Head 310..425 m
 428,6 rpm
Project Highlights
 New power cavern adjacent to existing
powerhouse, sharing same penstock
 Providing regulating energy to the
Austrian grid
Commissioning
 Q4/2011
The Speed Variable Principle - History
1970 - first theoretical investigations
1985 / CN - first Pumpturbine installation with 2 speeds
 Pan
Jia Kou (3 x 100 MVA)
 with
2 different pole numbers to compensate
PSW Goldisthal 1060 MW
variable head (103/143 rpm)
1990 / JAP - first variable speed Pumpturbine installation
 Yagisawa
(1 x 85 MVA, 156…130 U/min)
1995 / JAP - largest variable speed Pumpturbine
 Ookawachi
(2 x 395 MVA, 390…330 U/min)
3D View of Gerating Set
2003 / GER - largest Hydro Power Plant in Germany
 Goldisthal
(2 fix- and 2 variable speed units) with
total install capacity of 1060 MW
IGCT
The Speed Variable Principle – Advantages for Pumpturbines
Increasing of efficiency in turbine mode

Shifting of operating point
Continuous variation of output

in Pump mode within limits
Increasing lifetime

reduction of vibrations
(smoothness running of the unit)
Extended range of operation (head)

ratio max./min. head for Fix speed approx. 1.25

ratio max./min. head for Variable speed approx.
1.25 to 1.45
PSW Kalayaan
Runner 172 MW
The Speed Variable Principle - Advantages for Pumpturbines
95
n = variable speed
90
85
Efficiency in
Turbine mode η/%
Improving of efficiency in Turbine
mode by shifting the operation point
into more favourable ranges of the
characteristic diagram
80
n = fixed speed
75
70
65
60
80
120
160
200
240
Capacity in Turbine mode P /MW
Improving smoothness
running (vibration behavior) –
results in higher lifetime
Fixed Speed
Variable Speed
280
The Speed Variable Principle - Advantages for Pumpturbines
Comparison VARIO – FIX at Turbine Mode
(Basis machines of same rated output)
Enlarged operation range in
Turbine mode
Turbine Output (MW)
operation limit
Head (H)
Comparison VARIO – FIX at Pump Mode
Pump Input (MW)
(Basis machines of same rated output)
Continuous regulation of power in
pump mode in a limited range results
in extended operation time
stability limit
Head (H)
The Speed Variable Principle - Advantages for the Grid
Asynchronous Machine
 continuous power flow during
grid disturbance
 stable during disturbance and
after fault clearing
pu.
∆Pn and ∆Us
Synchronous Machine
 reduced power flow during grid
disturbance
 risk of instability
 risk of disconnection of the unit
after fault clearing
Active Power ∆Pn
t/s
Voltage ∆Us
Fixed Speed
Active Power ∆Pn
pu.
∆Pn and ∆Us
Simulation GOLDISTHAL
 short circuit in the grid
 voltage drop approx. 30%
t/s
Voltage ∆Us
Variable Speed
Quelle: 15. Triennial World Congress, I.Ehrlich, TU Duisburg, U. Bachmann, VEAG
The Speed Variable Principle - Advantages for the Grid
Voltage ∆Us
pu.
Effect of asynchronous
operation of a distance
generator
∆Pn and ∆Us
Simulation of the same grid fault
 Synchronous generator 150km far
away
 Transient system behavior
 Comparison of stability
Asynchronous machines have
 stabilizing effect on other
synchronous generators in the grid
Active Power ∆Pn
Fixed Speed
t/s
pu.
3-phase Short Circuit
Voltage ∆Us
∆Pn and ∆Us
Variable Speed
… 150 km …
Active Power ∆Pn
AG
AG
Goldisthal
SG
t/s
Simulation
Quelle: 15. Triennial World Congress, I.Ehrlich, TU Duisburg, U. Bachmann, VEAG
Goldisthal / Germany
Customer:
 Vattenfall
Main Equipment:
 4x265 MW single stage reversible
Pumpturbines, 2x340 MVA and 2x331
MVA Motorgenerators,
AC Excitation und Starting - SFC
 Net Head 302 m
 300..346 rpm and 333 rpm
Project Highlights
 Each two sets of synchronous and
double fed asynchronous M/G
 Central location in the ENTSO-E grid
Since 2003 successful in operation
PSW Goldisthal 1060 MW
First speed variable
Pumped Storage Plant in
Europe
Content
The Grid
Why Pumped Storage
Technologies
Conclusion
Pumped Storage …
 To store most economical large quantities of energy
 Special meaning with view of the entire energy system
 Provides balancing and reserve energy and increases grid stability
 Indispensably by tremendous increase of volatile wind power
 Remarkable come-back of Pumped Storage in Europe due to increasing peak power
demand and improved market conditions
 Investments in Pumped Storage worldwide rapidly rising
 New pumped storage schemes take advantage of the progresses made in recent
years in the field of hydraulics, generator and automation technology
 European trend regarding Pumped Storage will spread globally
Thank you very much for your
Attention!
www.andritz.com
PSPP Markersbach, Germany, 1050 MW, 1979

Large Hydro ensuring Grid Stability with rapidly expanding Wind

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