low-cost flights - Università degli Studi di Bergamo

UNIVERSITY OF BERGAMO
Scientific coordinator: Prof. Emanuela Casti
Research fellow: Paolo Bettera
 Creation of a multi-level network of European «s-low» cities
(universities, municipalities, airports)
 Analysis of the territories of the network for the feasibility of a
common «s-low» tourism planning
 Creation of the Network and submission of the EU COST proposal
(2013)
 Organization of
a public event with representatives from the
participating universities and local institutions (Bergamo, 4th-5th
March 2014) and signing of a Paper of Intent
University of Bergamo
«Il Caravaggio» International Airport
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH (2003-2012)
SIZE
National ranking: 9°  4°
Passengers: 2.822.746  8.801.392
QUALIFICATION
105 cities served
33 countries served
SIZE
Students: 9.549  15.415
QUALIFICATION
Italian ranking(on 8 cluster universities): 3rd
Foreign students: 130  750
3 international Master Courses
1.
UNIVERSITY OF BERGAMO
Presentation of the project to the other
cluster cities and request for an expression of
interest
2.
CLUSTER UNIVERSITIES
Analysis of the local contexts and towards the
definition of an integrated methodology
3.
MULTI-LEVEL NETWORK
• network of airport operators
• low-cost carriers
• local government agencies
Demographic dimension
Location
City centre
 OECD urban area < 500,000
inhabitants
 Proximity to a metropolis
 Of artistic and cultural
interest
University
 Campus or university
Airport typology
 With low cost flights
Metropolitan city
Cluster city
Hamburg
Cambridge
London
link:
Lübeck
with Bergamo
Brussels
with other cluster cities
Charleroi
Beauvais
Paris
Bergamo
Milan
Santander
Bilbao
Barcelona
Girona
Criteria for cluster cities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Airport with low-cost flights
from/to BGY
Small and medium-sized cities
(pop. < 500,000)
Proximity to a metropolitan city
(pop. > 1,000,000)
Remarkable city centre
University
LÜBECK - Fachhochschule Lübeck
Fachhochschule Lübeck
Lübeck
Lübeck Blankensee Airport
HAMBURG

University of Applied Sciences, 4,100 students
Rector: Prof. Stefan Bartels

Four programs offered:
Contacts:
Prof. Achim Laleik, Coordinator, Master's Degree in Urban
MUNICIPALITY
Planning
Stephanie Eilers, City
junior
researcher Gabriele Schopenhauer
President:
Malina Kreuk, junior
researcher
(Stadtpräsidentin
Hansestadt Lübeck)

Applied Natural Sciences

Structural Engineering

Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

Mechanical Engineering & Business Administration
CAMBRIDGE - Anglia Ruskin University
Cambridge
Cambridge
Campus
London-Stansted Airport
Chelmsford
Campus
LONDON

31,500 students

4 faculties:
-
Arts, Law & Social Sciences
Health, Social Care & Education
Lord Ashcroft International Business School
Science & Technology
Vice Chancellor: Prof. Michael Thorne
Contacts:
Hesham Al-Sabbahy, Head of Department of HRM, OB, and Tourism
Chris Wilbert, Senior Lecturer and Pathway Leader for MA International
Sustainable Tourism Management
Ilaria Pappalepore, Senior Lecturer in Tourism
Management
Mayor:
Paul Saunders
Business
Schooldu Beauvaisis (CAB)
BEAUVAIS - ESSEC Communauté
d‘Agglomération
Singapore Campus
Milly-sur-Thérain
Beauvais-Tillé Airport
Troissereux
Savignies
Beauvais
Tillé
Cergy-Pontoise Campus
BEAUVAIS
Saint-Paul
La Défense Campus
PARIS
Allonne
Auneuil
Berneuil-en-Bray



Private Grande école,
4,400 students
President:
Caroline Cayeux
Direttore
Generale:
Prof. Philippe
Choquet
Dean: Prof.
Jean-Michel
Blanquer
3 campuses (Cergy,Contact:
Paris-La Défense and Singapore)
Stéphane Delabre (DevelopmentPersone
Director)
8 departments:
incontrate:
Contacts:

Accounting and management
control
 Public and private policy
 Economics
 Finance




Operations Management
Management
Marketing
Information systems,
decision sciences and
statistics
Prof. Pascal
PatriceBarrier,
Noisette,
Course Sviluppo
Coordinator
- Urban,
Prof.
Direttore
e Relazioni
Environmental
con
le Imprese and Services Management (MUES)
Jean-Paul
Lecturer
Dr.
Xavier Loevenbruck,
Faure, Directeur
de Cabinet
GIRONA - Universitat de Girona
BARRI VELL Campus
Girona
City Centre Campus
Girona-Costa Brava Airport
Montilivi Campus
Pals
Begur
BARCELONA

14,800 students

Faculties and schools:
-
Law
-
Arts
-
Science
-
Education and Psychology
-
Business and Economic
Sciences
Nursing
Tourism
-
Medicine
-
-
Polytechnic School
-
Cittaslow International
Rector: Prof. Ana Maria Geli
Contacts:
Carles
Puigdemont
Rafel Llussà (DepartmentMayor:
of Geography
Director
)
José Antonio Donaire (INSETUR
Director)
Local contact:
Gisela Bosch (junior researcher)
Jordi Xirgo (UMAT Director)
SANTANDER - Universidad de Cantabria
LAS LLAMAS Campus
Santander
Santander Airport
Torrelavega
BILBAO


12,000 students
14 schools and faculties, among which:
-
Law
Humanities
Medicine
Sciences
-
Teacher training
Economics and
Business Studies
Altamira School of
Tourism
Rector: Prof. José Carlos Gómez
Contacts:
Prof. Ángel Herrero, Director Department of Business
Administration
Andrea Pérez, Researcher
Mayor: Íñigo de la Serna
CHARLEROI - Haute École Provinciale de Hainaut - Condorcet
Enghien
Silly
Lens
Cittaslow International
BRUSSELS
Mouscron
Tournai
Ath
MONS
Saint-Ghislain
Brussels South Charleroi Airport
Morlanwelz
Charleroi
Charleroi


7 campuses, 8,800 students and 50 courses
Teaching areas:
-
Agronomy
Applied arts
Economics
Paramedicine
-
Pedagogy
Social sciences
Technical
studies
HEPH-CONDORCET
Michel Van Koninckxloo, Chief Inspector for High Education of the
Province
Pascal
Lambert,Councillor
Directeur-Président
Teaching
Hainaut:HEPH-Condorcet
Yves Lardinois
Charleroi Mayor: Paul Magnette
Contact:
ÉliseContact:
Boucq, Researcher
Stéphanie
Crabeck,
Researcher
Anthony
Dufrane,
Councillor of Tourism Charleroi
2.

Network SS-LOW
SLOW
SLOW TOURISM
TOURISM
LOW-COST FLIGHTS
SLOW TOURISM:
For the development of the territorial identity in a touristic perspective
TERRITORY
Contact
Autenthicity
Inhabitant
•
•
Sustainability
Time
Participation
Valorization of local
knowledge
Co-management
Slowness
Slowness
Emotion
Tourist
Individual and
personalized
dimension
Quality of the
experience
Active implication
LOW
Network S-LOW

SLOW TOURISM
LOW-COST FLIGHTS
FLIGHTS
LOW-COST FLIGHTS
Innovations introduced by low-cost airlines
 The traveler: individualist, internet user, alternative, conscious, frequent
 New destinations  Economic impact created on territory:
•
Valorization of medium-small centers and marginal areas
•
New employment perspectives
 Tariff reduction  Flight democratization: open opportunity for anybody to
visit the Elsewhere
 Important element to increase the European integration
Ryanair: privileged low-cost carrier
CLASSIFICATION FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY
(first 20 carriers PAX)
Undoubted environmental impact:
atmospheric and acoustic
The most eco-efficient airline:
 Fleet of modern aircrafts
 High density of seats
 High load factor
Source: Brighter Planet Report (2011)
SLOW TOURISM
Experiencing the
territory
S
L
O
W
LOW-COST FLIGHTS
Concept of
neighborhood
(proximity/distance)
completely revised
CENTRALITY OF NETWORKED TERRITORIES
ANALYSIS OF THE
LOCAL CONTEXT
CARTOGRAPHIC
REPRESENTATION OF
THE COLLECTED DATA
1st phase
2nd phase
ON-LINE
PARTICIPATION
PLANNING A
S-LOW TOURISM
NETWORK
3rd phase
4th phase
Analysis of the local context
Monitoring of the slow tourism
resources
Stakeholder identification
Analysis of the s-low
tourist profile
Analysis of the airport dynamism
CULTURAL RESOURCES

UNESCO Site Crespi d’Adda

several Res Tipica villages:
-
3 of the “Most beautiful Italian villages”
1 of the “Authentic Italian villages”
2 “Orange flag” villages
3 Italian wine cities
4 “Painted villages”
NATURAL RESOURCES

Natura 2000 sites:
-




castles in the Bergamo plain (i.e. Malpaga)

historical buildings (palaces, villas, etc)


many religious and industrial heritage sites


5 officially recognized eco-museums,
several ethnographic museums


19 Sites of Community Importance
6 Special Protection Areas
5 regional parks
19 local parks (PLIS)
6 natural reserves, one of which WWF
oasis
1 natural monument
1 botanical garden (Lorenzo Rota)
many lakes, rivers, waterfalls (Serio)
monumental trees
MICRO-BUSINESS (based on quality brands)
ACCOMMODATION
3 «scattered hotels»
240 bed & breakfasts


Bed and Bergamo
Associazione Bergamo B&B e
C.V.
- The Best B&B in Bergamo
- Coop. B&B Il mondo di casa
-







113 lodging houses
10 hostels
137 agritourisms, 50 of
which provide with
accommodation
41 mountain lodges, 23
of which in “Rifugi di
Lombardia”
10 campings
17 Bergamo Charme
facilities
2 “Albergabici” bike
hotels
CATERING

7 Slow Food “Osterie
d’Italia”

9 Slow Food
“Locande d’Italia”

25 ristoranti dei
Mille… sapori”

12 restaurants with
“Slow Food” allied
cooks
MOBILITY (based
carbon emissions)

cycle routes

hiking trails
-

on
low
Sentiero delle Orobie
Sentiero dei Fiori
Sentiero delle Farfalle
historical pathways
-
Via Mercatorum
Strada Priula
Strada Francesca

bike sharing programmes (BiGi)

low carbon public transport (TEB, etc.)
Stakeholder identification
TYPOLOGY
L
O
C
A
L
S
C
A
L
E
I
N
T
E
R
-
PRIVATE
MIXED
PUBLIC
•
•
•
Associations for the
promotion of tourism
•
Local government
agencies (communes,
province of Bergamo,
others)
•
•
Airport operators
Associations endorsing
the «slow philosophy»
•
European Union
•
•
Local enterprises
Food and Hospitality
consortia
Local associations
Slow Food Convivia
N • Low-cost carriers
A
T
I
O
N
A
L
Destination chosen by foreign passengers arriving at BGY
DESTINATION: BERGAMO
(of tot. Lombardy)
DESTINATION: LOMBARDY
(of tot. destination regions)
40.7%
56.0%
45.7%
64.6%
12.5%
9.9%
27.1%
19.3%
Data source: Banca d’Italia (2010), Indagine sul turismo internazionale
INDIVIDUALIST
CONSCIOUS
Not interested in
standardized holiday
packages, he avoids
travelling in groups
INTERNET USER
He builds his own
itinerary using the
Internet
He «thinks green» and
pays attention to the
impacts of tourism
ALTERNATIVE
He prefers visiting
lesser-known
destinations and off the
beaten path tourist
attractions
FREQUENT
TRAVELLER
He travels several
times a year
10.000.000
Total passengers
9.000.000
8.000.000
7.000.000
6.000.000
5.000.000
4.000.000
3.000.000
2.000.000
1.000.000
0
Data source: ENAC (I), UAF (F), AENA (E), CAA (UK), Charleroi airport (B), Lübeck airport (D)
Lübeck
RYANAIR
WIZZ AIR
WIZZ AIR UKRAINE
PEGASUS AIRLINES
BELLE AIR EUROPE
BLUE AIR
AIR ARABIA EGYPT
AIR ARABIA MAROC
RYANAIR and AIR ARABIA MAROC
BLUE AIR and WIZZ AIR
RYANAIR and WIZZ AIR
300.000
200.000
100.000
Annual passengers to
and from BGY
(data 2012, source:
ENAC)
Cluster city
Passengers on routes to
and from BGY and the
other 6 cluster cities
17.3%
accounted for
of BGY’s international
passengers traffic in 2012
(air charter PAX excluded)
3.
European multilevel s-low network
University
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH
Interuniversity
European research
group, with
complementary
disciplinary
competences
Airports
CENTRALITY OF
NETWORKED
TERRITORIES
Local Institutions
APPLICATION AND OPERATIONAL FUNCTION
Adoption and actualization of the
research and the proposals emerged
from the network
DYNAMIC ACTION
Economic engine of
territories for
stimulating local
entrepreneurship and
activating innovative
strategies in a s-low
perspective
Towards a shared territorial planning
Airports
University
Constitution of a
EUROPEAN
OBSERVATORY OF
EXCELLENCE
on low-cost mobility for a
touristic development of
territories
Local
institutions
Creation of a
PARTNERSHIP
AMONG
LOW-COST
AIRPORTS
to develop common
strategies and create
privileged networks
with low-cost carriers
Institution of a TERRITORIAL COORDINATION AGENCY
supporting projects and activities identified by the network
… summarising
SLOW TOURISM
Experiencing the
territory
S
L
O
W
LOW-COST FLIGHTS
Concept of
neighborhood
(proximity/distance)
completely revised
CENTRALITY OF NETWORKED TERRITORIES