Concrete slide PETRO SAINS.pptx

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DR
CONCRETE
Introduction!
CONCRETE
Latin word concretus
(compact or
condensed)
The earliest known
occurrence of
cement was twelve
million years ago
The usage of concrete,
world wide, twice as much
as steel, wood, plastic,
aluminum combined
Famous concrete
structures in the World:
Hoover Dam, Panama
Canal and Roman
Pantheon
ROMAN PANTHEON
PANAMA
CANAL
HOOVER
DAM
Past
Present
!
What is
concrete?
H2O!
CONCRETE
A mixture of the
various ingredients –
water, aggregate,
cement, and any
additives
A composite material
composed of coarse
granular material
embedded in a hard
matrix of material
A time-sensitive;
once the ingredients
are mixed, workers
must put it in place
before it hardens
Material
Sources
The
features
high compressive
strength but low in
the strength of
tensile and shear
fire-resistant and
durable
resistant to termites
CONCRETE
FEATURES
elastic but will creep
when exposed to a
high load for a
prolonged period
not rust or rot
The
usage
Architectural
Structures
Reservoirs
Foundations
THE
USAGE
Brick/block
Walls
Bridges
Pavements
The
composition
& mixing
ratio
LOW
LOW
: 6 = Grade 15
: 4 = Grade 20
WORKABILITY(
Strength(&(Durability(
1: 3
1: 2
1 : 11/2 : 3 = Grade 25
1 : 1 : 2 = Grade 30
HIGH
HIGH
functional
materials in
concrete
Cement – The glue
#Once water is added, it
becomes cement paste – the
glue that holds concrete
together
Water – The activator
#Produces a semi-liquid that shapeable
( typically by pouring it into a form)
#Reacts with the cement, which bonds the
other components together
Aggregate – The filler
#Consists of large chunks of material in a concrete mix, generally a coarse
gravel or crushed rocks (limestone, granite) along with finer materials
(sand)
#Make up the bulk of a concrete mixture; it sits around in the concrete,
taking up space
Water is the key ingredient, particularly the amount used. Too much
water results in weak concrete. Too little water results in a concrete
that is unworkable
Concrete
production
Cast In-Situ
Green(Achieving(
GOOD(
Pre Cast-Concrete
Industrialised
Building System
(IBS)
Concrete
Testing
Why we need doing
the testing??
“SLUMP TEST”
“CUBE TEST”
However!
It is weak in tension as the cement
holding the aggregate in place can
crack, allowing the structure to fail
Reinforced concrete
could carry tensile
loads
Reinforcement :
Steel reinforcing
bars, steel fibers,
glass fibers, plastic
fibers
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Activities!
Program Introduction
Applicable to
multiple age
groups
Basic Activities
Discussion of concrete
Applications
Usage
Material required
Coarse aggregate (rock)
Fine aggregate (sand)
Cement
Water
Mixing Concrete!
Fine aggregate
(sand)
Water
Cement
Coarse aggregate (rock)
Mixing Concrete!
Put into the mold
1.!put!concrete!
into!the!mold!
3.!compac6on!
2.!Spread!evenly!
4.!Le8!to!dry!