Nirmal.Sampardai.Di

Transcription

Nirmal.Sampardai.Di

ivSyS Koj-pqr
inrml sMpRdwie dI gurubwxI ivAwiKAwkwrI
(sYmInwr 11-12 PrvrI 2010)
muK sMpwdk
fw. hrBjn isMG
sMpwdk
muh`bq isMG
kulivMdr isMG
mnjIq kOr
pMjwbI XUnIvristI fw. blbIr isMG swihq kyNdr
20 pRIqm rof, dyhrwdUn[
ivSyS Koj-pqr
(sYmInwr 11-12 PrvrI 2010)
muK sMpwdk
fw. hrBjn isMG
sMpwdk
muh`bq isMG
kulivMdr isMG
mnjIq kOr
20 pRIqm rof, dyhrwdUn[
©
20-pRIqm rof fwlnvwlw, dyhrwdUn
Ph. 0135-2673954
Seminar Papers
NIRMAL SAMPARDAYE DI GURUBANI VYAKHYAKARI
CHIEF EDITOR
DR. HARBHAJAN SINGH
EDITORS
MOHUBAT SINGH
KULWINDER SINGH
MANJEET KAUR
Agsq 2009
pihlI vwr : 500
mu`l : 150 rupey
________________________________________________________________
pRo. mnjIq isMG, rijstrwr, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw ny prkwiSq kIqI Aqy
gulSn ipRMtrz, rwmw mwrkIt, dyhrwdUn ivKy CpI
do Sbd
sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI dI aucyrI ivAwiKAw Aqy pRcwr-pRswr ivc inrml sMpRdwie dw
Awpxw bhuq mh`qvpUrn Xogdwn irhw hY[ sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ikRpw duAwrw ijnHW pMj mhwpurKW ny
inrml ByK Dwrn kIqw sI, aunHW duAwrw pRkwSmwn kIqI igAwn-joiq nUM ies sMpRdwie dy sMqW mhwpurKW ny
A`j q`k bhuq isdk nwl jgweI rìKAw hY[ ies ivc sMdyh nhIN ik ies sMpRdwie ny kiTn hwlwq ivc
is`K Drm Aqy gurduAwirAW dI sMBwl leI vI pRSMswXog syvw kIqI sI[ ijs vI ivAkqI ny gurbwxI dI
ivAwiKAw dw ivSySg hoxw hY, aus vwsqy zrUrI hY ik auh ies sMpRdwie dw ieiqhws Aqy ies nwl
sMbMiDq gurmuK lokW dI ivAwiKAw dw ghu nwl pTn-pwTn kry[
pMjwbI bolI Aqy pMjwb dI sMsikRqI dw ivkws pMjwbI XUnIvristI dI sQwpnw dw mu`K audyS hY[
myrI mwnqw hY ik ienHW dohW dI Awqmw gurbwxI ivc hY[ inrml sMpRdwie dw Awpxw ivl`Kx ivvhwr
pMjwb dI sMsikRqI ivc Awpxw ivSyS sQwn r`Kdw hY Aqy ieh sMpRdwie pMjwbI bolI, gurmuKI ilpI Aqy
pMjwbI rihxI nUM dUr-dUr q`k lY ky geI hY[ ies mh`qvpUrn Xogdwn nUM vyKidAW pMjwbI XUnIvristI ny
inrml sMpRdwie sMbMDI lokW ivc cyqnw jgwaux vwsqy aucyry Xqn AwrMB kridAW pihlW AkqUbr
2009 ivc pMjwbI XUnIvristI ivKy iek sYmInwr dw AwXojn kIqw sI Aqy iPr ies lVI nUM inrMqr
gqImwn r`Kx leI 11 Aqy 12 PrvrI 2010 nUM inrml sMpRdwie dI gurubwxI ivAwiKAwkwrI auqy fw.
blbIr isMG swihq kyNdr, dyhdwdUn ivKy iek do-rozw sYmInwr dw AwXojn kIqw, ijs ivc bhuq hI
pRbùD ivdvwnW ny Awpxy Koj-p`qr pRsquq kIqy sn[ ienHW Koj-p`qrW nUM pwTkW q`k phucwaux vwsqy
pMjwbI XUnIvristI v`loN fw. blbIr isMG swihq kyNdr ivKy inXukq kIqy Akwdimk stwP ny bhuq
imhnq kr ky sMpwidq kIqw hY[
ies Aihm kwrj leI fw. hrBjn isMG Aqy aunHW nwl kwrjrq do pRwjYkt shwiek s.
kulivMdr isMG Aqy s. muh`bq isMG vDweI dy pwqr hn[ pMjwbI XUnIvristI dI swihq-swmgrI ivc
vwDw krn p`KoN fw. blbIr isMG swihq kyNdr dw Awpxw Aiq-ivSyS Xogdwn irhw hY[ dsMbr 2010
ivc hI kyNdr v`loN pMifq qwrw isMG ‘nroqm’ ikRq ‘guru igrwrQ koS’ punr-sMpwidq kr ky irlIz kIqw
igAw hY Aqy hux kyNdr dI ieh Akwdimk ikRqI pMjwbI XUnIvristI vloN pRkwiSq kr ky pwTkW q`k
phuMcwauxw XUnIvristI leI bhuq pRsMnqw dw ivSw hY[
mYnUM pUrI aumId hY ik ies pusqk ivc AMikq SRyST ivdvwnW dIAW auqm ikRqIAW inrml
sMpRdwie Aqy ies dy Xogdwn nUM smJx ivc bhuq shwiek isD hoxgIAW[ myrI idlI kwmnw hY ik fw.
blbIr isMG swihq kyNdr iesy qrHW Akwdimk jgq dI syvw nUM smripq ho ky Awpxy sMsQwpkW dy pdicMnHW ’qy cldw ividAk Kyqr ivc AgrgwmI rhy[
pMjwbI XUnIvristI
pitAwlw
jspwl isMG
vweIs-cWslr
swdr smrpx
ividAw-mwrqMf, prm-pRbuD,
inrml-ByK BUSx
SRImihq SRImwn pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm
dI AQk Gwlxw Aqy prm-ivvyk nUM
Sukrwnw Aqy Ardws
inrml pMQ dy bwnI sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI mhwrwj dy AlOikk jIvn nUµ ivcwrn nwl ie`k
srvsMmq g`l swhmxy AwauNdI hY ik Awp jI dw dUijAW nUµ smJwaux dw qrIkw inrwlw, bw-dlIl Aqy
Adu`qI sI[ Awp jI ny An-mqIAW dy p`ky kyNdrW qy pu`j ky, aunHW dy pRmu`K iv`dvwnW nUµ koeI nw koeI AjIb
Kyl Kylky Awpxy v`l AwkrSq kIqw[ ies qrHW AwpxI g`l kihx, crcw krn Aqy aunHW nUµ pRBwivq krn
dw skwrwqmk mwhOl iqAwr ho jWdw[ ieh qrIkw pUrI qrHW sPl hoieAw Aqy sRI gurU nwnk joiq dy 10vyN
srUp qk isDWqk rUp iv`c, ausy pRMprw muqwibk jwrI irhw[ pRMqU hux ieiqhws iv`c iek v`fw moV Awaux
vwlw sI, ijs nUµ snmu`K r`Kky sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhwrwj ny ies jugqI nUµ sPlqw pUrbk jwrI r`Kx
leI smkwlI hzUrI guris`KW iv`coN ivìdAw AnurwgI, sUJvwn, isAwxy Aqy inSTwvwn pMj AwigAwkwrI
is`KW dI cox krky ‘inrml sMpRdwie’ dI ivDIv`q isrjxw kIqI[ sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI duAwrw AwrMB
kIqI pRcwr nIqI Aqy jugqI nUµ ausy rIqI nwl clwaux leI, inrmly sMqW nUµ sRI gurU dSmyS ipqw jI ny hor
iv`dvqw, inSTw, sYÍ-ivSvwS Aqy idRVqw pRdwn krn leI vydW, SwSqWR, Cy drSnW AQvw BwrqI sMsikRqI
nwl sMbMiDq Dwrimk swihq dy DurMDr iv`dvwn bxn leI AsIsW id`qIAW[
ivìdAw pRwpq krn dy ies r`bI, rUhwnI, srb-sWJy Aqy smu`cI mwnvqw dy jnm-is`D AiDkwr
nUµ ie`k Kws jwqI nwl sMbMiDq iv`dvq SRyxI dy kbjy iv`coN k`Fky, ies dwq qoN ivhUxy, Awm pRwxIAW q`k
phuMcwaux iv`c BwrI sPlqw hwsl kIqI[ ies ivDI nwl inrmly sMqW ny BwrqI drSn dIAW durgm
aucweIAW nUµ CUh ky kyvl smu`cy BwrqvrS iv`c hI nhIN, blik ivdySW iv`c vI swihqk rcnwvW Aqy
mOiKk ivDI nwl gurU bKSy isDWq nUµ Gr-Gr phuMcwaux leI AxQ`k Aqy nvykly Xqn kIqy[ PlsÍrUp
A`j vI smUh AnmqI iv`dvq smwj, inrmilAW dy bOiDk p`Dr, rUhwnIAq, iqAwg, inSTw Aqy
inSkwmqw pUrbk kIqy jw rhy praupkwrI syvw kwrjW dw pRBwv inrsMkoc kbUl krdw hY[ ies pRkwr
inrmly swDUAW ny gur-ieiqhws dI rcnw, gurmiq-isDWq dw idRVqw pUrbk pRcwr, gurUjs-gwien
(kIrqn-kQw) rwhIN pRcwr krky smwj dI vfmu`lI syvw rwhIN lwswnI imswl kwiem kIqI hY[ inrmilAW
dI is`K smwj, Kwlsw pMQ Aqy smu`cy dyS nUµ bhup`KI dyx dI ijMnI vI SlwGw kIqI jwvy, QoVI hY[ ies g`l
nUµ is`K pMQ dw iv`dvq smwj, Kwlsw pMQ jW inrml pMQ dIAW kul jQybMdIAW dy iv`dvwn BlI pRkwr
jwxdy hn[
hwridk pRsMnqw dI g`l hY ik ipCly swl 29-30 AkqUbr 2009 nUµ pMjwbI XUnIvristI
pitAwlw dy vweIs cWslr fw. jspwl isMG jI ny inrml sMpRdwie qy sYmInwr krwaux leI inrml
pMcwieqI AKwVy dI ApIl nUµ AqI KulH-idlI nwl svIkwr krky, nypry cwVHn iv`c BrpUr sihXog id`qw[
ieh sYmInwr ie`k ieiqhwisk Gtnw bx igAw, ijs dI aufIk kw&I Arsy qoN kIqI jw rhI sI[ inrml
pMQ dy smUh iv`dvwnW, sMqW, fyrydwr mhMqW Aqy ivr`kq mhWpurSW ny ies bhuq zrUrI pRMqU icrokxy kdm
dI BrpUr SlwGw krky, hwridk pRsMnqw nwl ApxwieAw Aqy ies pRMprw nUµ A`gy leI vI jwrI r`Kx leI
auqSwh ivKwieAw[ ausy auqSwh dw swkwr rUp dUjw sYmInwr 11-12 PrvrI 2010 nUµ fwktr blbIr
isMG swihq kyNdr (pMjwbI XUnIvristI) dyhrwdUn ivKy siqkwrXog fw. hrBjn isMG jI Aqy AqI
snmwnXog bIbI mihMdr kOr jI dI srpRsqI hyT sMpMn hoieAw[ qih idloN Sukrwnw krdw hW aunHW inrmly
sMqW mhWpurKW dw ijnHW ny dUroN-2 phuMc ky drSn id`qy, sihBwgI bxy Aqy pRbMDkW dw hOslw vDw ky
KuSIAW b^SIAW[ pMjwbI XUnIvristI dy sihXog Aqy AgvweI leI ‘inrml pMcwieqI AKwVy’ nwl
sMbMiDq smUh mhWpurK ikRq`gX hn[
ipCly dohW sYmInwrW iv`c pRsquq lyKW, mOiKk ivcwrW Aqy AwpsI sMvwd duAwrw jo sPlqw imlI
hY auh is`Dy, Ais`Dy Aqy ilKqI rUp iv`c sMgqW dy swhmxy Aw cùkI hY[ Drm AiDAYn ivBwg duAwrw
pihly sYmInwr dy lyKW dI pusqk Cp ky rIlIz ho cu`kI hY[ A`j ies sYmInwr dy Su`B mOky qy dyhrwdUn ivKy
hoey dUjy sYmInwr dy lyKW dw sMgRih, ies h`QlI pusqk dw ivmocn ho irhw hY[ ies Su`B kwrj leI swry
iv`dvwnW, sMqW Aqy KojwrQIAW nUµ hwridk vDweI idMdw hW[
mYN, pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw dy suihrd vweIs cWslr fw. jspwl isMG jI dy ipAwr Aqy
KulHidlI pRqI siqkwr sihq pgRtwvw krdw hW[ smUh ivBwgW dy mùKIAW, iv`dvwnW, pRoPYsr swihbwnW,
KojwrQIAW Aqy shwiek stw& dw AqI mwx nwl DMnvwd krdw hW, ikauNik ieh AiVAw hoieAw g`fw
swirAW dy rl ky D`kw mwrn nwl hI inkilAw hY[
AMq iv`c Ardws krdw hW ik gurU mhwrwj ikRpw krn ik ho cu`ky auprwilAW nUµ pRvwn krn, ho
rhy au~dmW nUµ sPlqw bKSx Aqy A`goN nUµ hox vwly XqnW leI bl, bu`DI, syD Aqy AgvweI pRdwn krn
qW ik gurU AwSy dw hU-b-hU sMdyS Gr-Gr iv`c, jn-jn q`k sdYv hI phuMcwieAw jWdw rhy[ DMnvwd !
mwnvqw dI syvw iv`c
(sMq) joD isMG
inrml AwSrm, irSIkyS[
x
inrml vcn
AwDuink smyN ivc pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw vloN mW bolI pMjwbI dw pRcwr Aqy pRswr bVy
zorW-SorW nwl kIqw jw irhw hY[ XUnIvristI ivc pMjwbI swihq qy ^ws krky sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI
bwxI dy sMbMD ivc ivdvwn purKW qoN bhuq swrIAW pusqkW ilKvw ky CpweIAW jw rhIAW hn[ smyN-smyN
vK-vK iviSAW ’qy XUnIvristI ivc sYmInwr krvwey jw rhy hn[ fw. BweI vIr isMG jI ny pMjwbI
swihq dI vfmulI syvw kIqI hY[ aunHW dy Coty BweI fw. blbIr isMG jI ny bOiDk p`KoN pMjwbI swihq nUM
pRcwrn ivc vfmulw Xogdwn pwieAw[ fw. blbIr isMG jI dI spu`qrI SRImqI mihMdr kOr jI ny dyhrwdUn
vwlI koTI pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw nUM sONp idqI[ pMjwbI XUnIvristI ny aus sQwn ’qy pMjwbI
XUnIvristI fw. blbIr isMG swihqX kyNdr kwiem krky iek vDIAw Koj kyNdr sQwipq kIqw hY[ ies
kyNdr dy pRwjYkt fwierYktr fw. hrBjn isMG jI hn, ijhVy ik ‘inrukq sRI gurU gRMQ swihb’ pRwjYkt
aupr kMm kr rhy hn[ auh bVy ivdvwn, swhsI, inmrqw Bwv vwly, ivdvwnW dw siqkwr Aqy aunHW nwl
qwl myl rKx vwly hn[ ijQy auh auprokq Koj ivc vDIAw kMm kr rhy hn, auQy fw. jspwl isMG jI
vweIs-cWslr dI pRyrxw nwl swihqX kyNdr ivc smyN-smyN vK-vK iviSAW aupr sYmInwr krvw ky
ivdvwn purKW qoN pypr ilKvw ky mW bolI pMjwbI swihq dI vfmulI syvw kr rhy hn[ iesy sMdrB ivc
aunHW ny 11-12 PrvrI 2010 nUM swihqX kyNdr ivc do rozw sYmInwr krvwieAw[ ijs dw muK ivSw sI
‘inrml sMpRdwie dI gurubwxI ivAwiKAwkwrI’[ ies do rozw sYmInwr ivc inrml ByK dy mhwpurKW ny Aqy
ivdvwn pRo&YsrW ny Koj-BrpUr pypr BI pVHy Aqy nwl hI SRImwn sMq joD isMG jI irSIkyS vwilAW ny hr
qrHW nwl swihqX kyNdr dy pRbMDkW dI shwieqw kIqI[ sYmInwr bhuq sPl irhw[ ivdvwn purKW dy pypr
kw&I Koj BrpUr sn[ mYnUM bVI KuSI hY ik sYmInwr ivc pVHy swry pyprW nUM ikqwb rUp idqw jw irhw hY[
ies nwl BivK ivc KojI ivdvwnW nUM Koj krn ivc shwieqw imlygI[ ieho ijhy kwrj hoxy cwhIdy hn[
myrI ieCw hY ik fw. blbIr isMG swihqX kyNdr Awpxy Kyqr ivc qrkI dIAW lMmIAW-lMmIAW pulWGW
pu`t ky dunIAW Br dIAW ivkisq BwSwvW nwloN pMjwbI dw k`d aucw kry, kwmXwbI dy isKr nUM Cohvy[
sMq qyjw isMG
gurUsr Kufw[
xi
srpRsq dI AwsIs
pMjwbI XUnIvristI fw. blbIr isMG swihq kyNdr ivKy inrml AwSrm irSIkyS dy sihXog
nwl 11-12 PrvrI 2010 nUM iek do-rozw sYmInwr dw AwXojn kIqw igAw, ijs dw ivSw sI ‘inrml
sMpRdwie dI gurubwxI ivAwiKAwkwrI’ jo bhuq kwmXwb irhw[ ies nUM kwmXwb bxwaux ivc inrml
AwSrm dI aus fwienYimk (Dynamic) SKsIAq SRImwn sMq joD isMG jI dw Bwrw Xogdwn hY, jo hr smyN
isiKAw pRdwn krn Aqy hspqwl clwaux dI BwrI syvw ivc qqpr hn[ aunWH ny auqSwh Aqy lgn nwl
kyNdr nUM hr qrWH dI mdd dyx ivc koeI ksr n rKI Aqy keI kMmW dIAW izmyvwrIAW Awp inBweIAW[
kyNdr dI KuSiksmqI hY, jo ienHW mhWpurKW qoN snyh iml irhw hY[
sYmInwr ivc inrml sMpRdwie dy ivdvwnW, XUnIvristI Aqy kuJ hor bwhrly skwlrW ny Bwg
ilAw Aqy bhuq Koj BrpUr pypr pVyH[ kuMjIvq BwSn (Key note Address) sMpRdwie dy isrmOr ivdvwn
sMq qyjw isMG jI fyrw gurUsr Kufy vwilAW dw sI, ijs ny sB nUM kIl ky riKAw[ SRoiqAW ny aunHW dI
ivdvqw dw bhuq AwnMd mwixAw[ AwcwrIAw siqpRIq hrI jI dw pypr vI bVw rock Aqy Koj-BrpUr sI[
do idn bhuq rOxk rhI[ pypr bhuq hox krky pUrw KulHw vkq sB nUM nw iml sikAw[ hux
kyNdr dy pRwjYkt fwierYktr/muKI fw. hrBjn isMG jI Aqy aunHW dy s. muh`bq isMG (pRwjYkt AYsosIeyt),
s. kulivMdr isMG (pRwjYkt AYsosIeyt) Aqy bIbI mnjIq kOr dy audm nwl ieh pypr iekTy krky Cwp
idqy gey hn qW jo skwlr pUrw-pUrw lwB auTw skx[ mYnUM Aws hY ik ieh swmgrI inrml sMpRdwie dy
ividAk Aqy smwj syvw dy kwrjW nUM smJx vwsqy bhuq shweI hovygI[
mihMdr kOr
AwnryrI fwierYktr[
xii
pRsqwvnw
‘inrml ByK’ isK pMQ dI auh AduqI Aqy AiBMn SwKw hY, ijs ny gurubwxI dy isDWq nUM pUry
jgq ivc isKW Aqy AnmqIAW qk phuMcwaux vwsqy hmySw AQk pRXqn kIqy hn[ inrmly sMqW dw
ivcrx gurubwxI dy Aijhy swDwrn pRcwrkW vwlw nhIN irhw, ijnHW dI aupjIivkw gurubwxI dy pRcwr nwl
juVI hovy, blik auh hmySw Aijhy ividAw-swDk rhy hn, ijnHW ny gurmiq dy igAwn nUM pRkwSmwn krn
vwsqy igRhsQ jIvn dy smUh suKW dw iqAwg krnw hmySw Awpxw srvoqm krqv jwixAw hY[ auh
gurubwxI dy Aijhy pRcwrk vI nhIN, ijnHW dw igAwn pUjw-aupwsnw dIAW ivDIAW Aqy pMQ dI mrXwdw qIk
sIimq hovy, blik auh Aijhy ividAw-inST mhwqmw hoey hn, ijnHW ny igRh-suK iqAwg ky Anyk pRkwr
dy kSt sihMidAW sMsikRq ividAw isKI, vyd-vydWg nUM piVHAw Aqy pVcoilAw, iPr srb-BWiq ivdvq
ho ky Bwrq dy mhwn SwsqR-AwcwrX lokW ivc gurmiq-ivcwrDwrw dI aucqw dw JMfw bulMd kIqw[ aunHW dw
sdw ieh pirpk AkIdw irhw hY ik SsqR qoN SwsqR auqm hY[ ies ividAw-SsqR nwl aunHW ny BwrqI
drSn nUM gurmiq dy pRBwv ivc ilAwaux leI Bwrq dy pRisD qIrQW auqy Awpxy AwSrm/AKwVy inrimq
kIqy Aqy AnmqI-swDUAW ivc SoiBq ho ky ‘siqnwm’ dw pRkwS kIqw[ AnmqIAW nUM gurubwxI nwl ikvyN
joiVAw jwvy ? ieh ies ByK dy mhwpurKW qoN bhuqw hor koeI nhIN jwxdw[ ies ivc koeI sMdyh nhIN ik
isMG sBweI icMqn dy ivkws nwl aupjI isDWqkwrI ny ies sMpRdwie nUM EprI idRStI nwl vyKx dI rucI
pYdw kIqI, pr ies ivc vI koeI sMdyh nhIN ik vwsqv ivc ies rucI qoN pRBwivq ivAkqI ieh nhIN
smJ sky ik ‘isMG sBw lihr’ Aqy ‘inrml ByK’ dw kwrj-Kyqr vK-vK hY, pMQ vKrw nhIN[ isMG sBw
dw audgm isKI dy ivsqwr vwsqy nhIN sI hoieAw, blik isKI dI sMBwl vwsqy hoieAw sI[ ies leI
isMG sBw dy icMqn ny jy tkswlI isKI dw auQwn kIqw, qW nwl hI isKI nUM sIimq Aqy sMkuicq vI kIqw[
‘inrml ByK’ dw pRXojn ijQy isKW nUM gurubwxI dy gUVH-icMqn dw drSn krvwaux nwl sMbMiDq sI, auQy
gurubwxI dI auqmqw dw pRBwv AnmqIAW dy mn-buDI qIk ivsiqRq krnw vI sI[ so jy sMquilq idRStI qoN
vyiKAw jwvy qW ‘inrml ByK’ ijhVy AnmqIAW nUM gurmiq dy Gyry ivc ilAwauNdw hY, jdoN auh gurisKI nUM
Dwrn kr lYx qW isMG sBweI pRxwlI aunHW nUM mrXwidq pMQk jIvn ivc ilAw skdI hY[ ieM\ dovyN
pRxwlIAW iek dUjI dIAW pUrk bx skdIAW hn, ijs nwl isKI dw ivsqwr vI ho skdw hY Aqy
mrXwidq pMQ vI suidRVH ho skdw hY[
ieh pRsMnqw dI gl hY ik hux myl-jol dI pRivrqI nUM auqswihq krn vwly icMqk Agy Aw rhy
hn[ pMjwbI bolI Aqy pMjwb dI sMsikRqI nUM smripq pMjwbI XUnIvristI ny ies pwsy jo SlwGwXog Xqn
kIqy hn, auh ABUqpUrv Aqy lwswnI hn[ XUnIvristI dy vrqmwn vweIs-cWslr fw. jspwl isMG jI
dI pRiqBwmeI AgvweI ivc ies qr& Aijhy Tos kdm cuky jw rhy hn, ijnHW qoN aujÍl BivK dI kwmnw
kIqI jw skdI hY[ inrml sMpRdwie dI swmUihk srpRsqI ivc pihlW 29 Aqy 30 AkqUbr 2009 nUM
sMpRdwie dy hr pK sMbMDI cyqnw jwigRq krn vwsqy ‘SRI gurU gRMQ swihb AiDAYn ivBwg’ ny XUnIvristI
ivKy sYmInwr AwXoijq kIqw sI[ lgpg swFy iqMn mhIny bwAd 11 Aqy 12 PrvrI 2010 nUM pMjwbI
XUnIvristI dI pRvwngI nwl ‘inrml sMpRdwie dI gurubwxI ivAwiKAwkwrI’ ivSy auqy ividAw-pRbIn
pRbuD ivvykIAW dw sYmInwr fw. blbIr isMG swihq kyNdr, dyhrwdUn ivKy AwXoijq kIqw igAw sI, ijs
dI sPlqw dw pUrw SRyX ‘inrml AwSrm irSIkyS’ dy bhuq hI ivvykI, ividAw-pRymI, SuB-AwcwrI,
pwvnqw qoN ivBUiSq sMcwlk SRI mwn sMq joD isMG jI nUM jWdw hY, ijnHW ny nw isr& smucI ivvsQw dy
pRbMD dI izmyvwrI lY leI, blik aunHW dy hI XqnW sdkw ‘inrml ByK’ dy ividAw-mwrqMf mhwpuru^W ny
ies sYmInwr nUM SoBnIk kIqw[ AwXojkW leI qslI dI gl sI ik smwgm ivc Awey SRoiqAW ny ies nUM
iek Aijhw kwmXwb Xqn disAw, ijs dy inrMqr jwrI rihx dI vfI loV hY[ sYmInwr dIAW smUh
gqIivDIAW Aqy ivdvq BwSxW dw swrWS SRI mwn sMq joD isMG jI dI pRyrnw Aqy AwsIs nwl s.
hribMdr isMG murwdwbwd ny bhuq ÛbsUrqI nwl iliKAw hY, ijs nUM AsIN ‘sYmInwr smIk@Sw’ dy rUp ivc
Cwpx dI ûSI lY rhy hW[ ies smIiKAw dI pRsquqI ny sYmInwr ivc Awey ivdvwnW Aqy aunHW dy KojpqrW dw pRsqwvnw ivc vrxn AvWiCq kr idqw hY[
fw. jspwl isMG jI vweIs-cWslr pMjwbI XUnIvristI dI AgvweI ivc kwrjrq suXog
AiDkwrIAW, ivSyS qOr qy pRo. divMdr isMG, fwierYktr Xojnw Aqy inrIKx ny bhuq audwr-icq ho ky
sYmInwr ivc pRsquq Koj-pqrW nUM ivvykI pwTkW qIk phuMcwaux vwsqy ienHW dI CpweI dw pRbMD XU. jI.
sI. vloN igAwrvIN pMj-swlw Xojnw ADIn mrzf pbilkySn ADIn rwSI ivcoN kr idqw hY, ijs leI fw.
blbIr isMG swihq kyNdr siqkwr Xog vweIs-cWslr jI Aqy pRo. divMdr isMG jI dw bhuq AwBwrI hY[
CpweI dy kwrjW nUM SIGrqw sihq pUrw krn vwsqy XUnIvristI dy rijstrwr pRo. mnjIq isMG jI dw
idloN DMnvwdI hoxw mYN Awpxw nYiqk &rz jwxdw hW[ pRo. AYs. AYs. itvwxw fIn Akwdimk mwmly dI
kyNdr pRqI AQwh suihrdqw kyNdr dIAW Akwdimk gqIivDIAW nUM hmySw hI auqswihq krdI hY, ijs
leI kyNdr aunHW dw idloN DMnvwdI hY[
fw. blbIr isMG swihq kyNdr dI AwnryrI fwierYktr bIbI mihMdr kOr jI dI Apwr ikRpwidRStI nwl kyNdr ivc Akwdimk gqIivDIAW inrMqr pRvwihq hn, aunHW dw DMnvwd krnw mYN kdy vI
nhIN Bul skdw[ aunHW dI lMbI AwXU leI kwmnw hY[ auh ivdvwn ijnHW ny ies sYmInwr nUM SoBwSwlI Aqy
Akwdimk bxwaux vwsqy s^q Gwl GwlidAW Awpxy ivvyk nUM kwnIbD kIqw Aqy AwpxI bOiDk-sMpdw
jn-kilAwx dy mnorQ nwl swnUM pRkwiSq krn ihq pRdwn kIqI, aunHW swirAW dw mYN idloN Sukr-Zuzwr
hW[ sYmInwr ivc pRsquq pricAW nUM sMicq krn Aqy ienHW nUM pusqk rUp dyx vwsqy ijs lgn Aqy pRcMf
sUJ-bUJ nwl s. kulivMdr isMG (pRwjYkt shwiek), s. muh`bq isMG (pRwjYkt shwiek) Aqy bIbI mnjIq
kOr ny idn-rwq kwrj kIqw hY, aus leI aunHW dy DMnvwd vwsqy mYnUM Sbd suJxy AsMBv lgdy hn[ mYN
aunHW dy Aiq aujÍl BivK dI kwmnw krdw hW[ ‘gulSn ipRMtrz’ dyhrwdUn ny ies pusqk dI CpweI bhuq
Gt smyN ivc iDAwn pUrvk kIqI hY, AsIN aunHW dy vI AwBwrI hW[ mD pRdyS srkwr dy mYfIkl AYjUkySn
dy BUq-pUrv fwierYktr fw. sMqoK isMG jI dw izkr vI zrUrI hY, jo mYnUM Akwdimk kwrj krn dI hmySw
pRyrnw krdy hn[ sYmInwr dy kuMjIvq BwSx dI pRsquqI duAwrw do-rozw iviSSt goStI dI idSw inrDwirq
krn vwly SRI mwn sMq qyjw isMG jI sihq ‘inrml ByK’ dy aunHW smUh sMq-jnW Aqy ivdvwnW dy vI AsIN
irxI hW, ijnHW dI pivqr mOjUdgI ibnw smwgm sPl nhIN sI ho skdw[
mYN AMq ivc iPr srv-aupr SRI mwn sMq joD isMG jI dw DMnvwd krnw cwhWgw, jo nw kyvl
ies sYmInwr leI cwnx-mnwrw sn, blik kyNdr ivc Akwdimk kwrjW nUM gqImwn krn vwsqy hr smyN
swfI srpRsqI krdy Aw rhy hn[ Aws hY ies pusqk ivc sMjoey ivdvwnW dy ieh prcy ‘inrml ByK’
Aqy ies dIAW swihiqk pRwpqIAW sMbMDI bhuq igAwn-vrDk isD hoxgy[ pusqk ivc pRgtwey ivcwr
ivdvwnW dy hn, sMpwdk mMflI dw hr ivcwr nwl sihmq hoxw zrUrI nhIN, pr pusqk ivc SbdW nUM
smrUpqw pRdwn krn leI Aiq-vWiCq soDW krnw AsW auicq jwixAw hY[
pMjwbI XUnIvristI
pitAwlw
hrBjn isMG
pRwjYkt fwierYktr/muKI[
xiv
symInwr smI@w
p<jwbI XUinvis~tI fw. blbIr is<h swihËX kyNdõ ªwrw, ‘inm~l s<pRdwX kI gu{vwxI
ÛXw$XwkwrI’ iv†X pr do idvsIX symInwr 11 v 12 PrvrI, 2010 ko sNq joD is<h jI mhwrwj
inm~l Aw‰m î†kyS ky ivSy† shXog sy AwXoijq huAw[
idnw<k 11. 02. 2010 ko pRwrMB huE sZ kI AÍX@qw fw. jspwl is<h ap-kulpiq p<jwbI
XUinvis~tI pitXwlw ny kI qQw s<cwln fw. hrBjn is<h pRojy#t fwXry#tr swihËX kyNdõ ny ikXw[ ijsmy<
sv~pRQm s<q qyjw is<h jI fyrw gu{sr Kuf`fw kw ku<jIvq Bw†x huAw[ aNho<ny bqwXw ik gu{ nwnk dyv
jI mhwrwj ny cwr adwisXw< (XwZwXy<) kI<[ nwm jpnw, v<f Cknw qQw ikrq krny kw is©wNq ê÷Fæ
krwXw[ inm~l s<qo ny es kw pwln ikXw, vy ismrn krqy, mDukrI (iB@w) lykr Awqy, bw<t kr Kwqy
qQw swihËX ilKny v jfæI bUitXo< ªwrw logo< ky rogo< kw elwj BI krqy Qy[ gu{ goivNd is<h jI ny
Kwlsw p<Q kI s÷jnw sy 13 v†~ pUv~ sn` 1686 my< hI pw<c s<qo< ko bnwrs iv´wÍXn ky ilE Byjw Qw
qwik isK SwáZ v SáZ iv´w dono< my< inpux ho<[ inm~ly s<q zwnI zwn is<h jI ªwrw ‘inm~l p<Q
pRdIipkw’ puáqk kI rcnw kI ge~[ mhNq gxySw is<h jI mhwrwj ªwrw ‘Bwrq mq dp~x’ kI rcnw kI
ge~[ sNq dXwl is<h ny ‘inm~l p<Q dS~n’ puáqk kI rcnw kI ge~[ vq~mwn my< pUÈX zwnI blvNq is<h
koTw gu} vwlo< ny ‘inm~l p<Q pRboD’ nwmk puáqk kI rcnw kI, ijsmy< purwqn smX sy lykr Ab qk
inm~l smudwX ky iv†X my< vx~n ikXw gXw hY[ inm~l s<pRdwX pr sn` 1976 sy lykr sn` 2009 qk
iksI BI pRkwr ky symInwr kw AwXojn nhI< ikXw gXw Qw[ sNq joD is<h jI mhwrwj inm~l Aw‰m ny
pitXwlw kI p<jwbI XUinvis~tI my< A#qUbr 2009 my< symInwr krwXw qQw 11-12 PrvrI 2010 ko
dyhrwdUn my< symInwr AwXoijq krvwXw ijsmy< fw.jspwl is<h ap-kulpiq p<jwbI XUinvis~tI, fw. hrBjn
is<h pRojy#t fwXry#tr qQw a#q swihËX kyNdõ kI AwnryrI fwXry#tr ‰ImqI mihNdr kOr jI kw pRmuK
Xogdwn rhw hY[ es sZ kI AÍX@qw fw. jspwl is<h v fw. joD is<h ny kI[ es sZ my< pypr pRáquiq
zwnI blvNq is<h jI koTw gu}, sNq dS~n is<h jI bnwrs vwly, AwcwX~ sqpRIq hir jI, sNq gurmIq
is<h jI ny kI[ fw. jspwl is<h jI ny Apny Bw†x my< khw ik ‘inm~l sMpRdwX’ gurmq swihËX ky @yZ
my< mhËvpUx~ kwm kr rhw hY[ guxvwn ÛXi#q hI rwj krny kI swmÌX~ rKqw hY[ XQw vwxI kw Prmwn:rwjw qKiq itkY guxI BY p<cwex rqu]
mw{, m. 1, A<g 992.
A<DI rXiq igAwn ivhUxI Bwih Bry murdwru[
Awsw (vwr), m. 1, A<g 469.
mIrI ky swQ pIrI, Bi#q ky swQ Si#q qQw s<gq ky swQ p<gq kw myl hY[ inm~l s<pRdwX ky
zwnI zwn is<h jI, mhwkiv s<qoK is<h jI smwn mhwn ivªwn huE hY<, ijNho<ny ApnI rcnwAo< ky mwÍXm
sy gurvwxI kw is©wNq Awm logo< qk phu<cwXw[ Awj BI Ardws my< zwnI zwn is<h jI kw dohw ‘Awzw
Be~ Akwl kI qbY clwXo p<Q’ pFæw jwqw hY[ qËpÜcwq` zwnI blvNq is<h koTw gu} ny pypr pRáquiq kI
ijskw SI†~k Qw-‘inm~l p<Q dy ivªwnw< dw rcXw srbpKI swihËX’, ijsmy< Awpny iv´w ko Aiq aÁm
Dn bqwqy huE, gu{ goibNd is<h jI mhwrwj ªwrw pWc s<qo< ko sn` 1686 e~. ko pWatw sy SwáZ AÍXXn
ky ilE kwSI Byjny ky bwry my< bqwXw[ anky AÍXXn krky lOtny pr gu{ jI ny aNhy< ‘myry ipAwry inrmly’
sMboiDq krky ‘inm~l’ pd kI b$SIS kI[ Kwlsw v inm~l SÑd my< Bw†w Byd ky Alwvw koe~ A<qr
nhI< hY[ dono< kw AQ~ smwn hY[ ‘Kwlsw’ SÑd PwrsI kw hY jbik ‘inm~l’ SÑd s<á™q kw hY[
qËpÜcwq` Awpny inm~l ivªwno< ky swihËX sy piricq krvwXw, jYsy ik p<ifq gulwb is<h jI kI rcnwAo<
ijnmy< sy- Bwv rswm÷q, mo@ p<Q pRkwS, AÍXwËm rwmwXx mu$X hY<[ Awpny bqwXw ik mhwkiv s<qoK
is<h jI ny gu{ pRqwp sUrj, gu{ nwnk pRkwS, jpujI tIkw grb g<jnI Awid kI rcnw kI[ Awj BI gu{
xv
pRqwp sUrj kI kQw bhuq sy Eyiqhwisk gu{ªwro< my< kI jwqI hY[ p<. qwrw is<h jI nroÁm gurmq is©wNq,
dS~n, swihËX, eiqhws, gu{bwxI ky mhwn ivªwn Qy[ ijNho<ny gu{ igrwrQ koS, gurmq inx~X swgr, gu{
qIQ~ s<gRh, Bgq bwxI kw tIkw Awid gRNQo< kI rcnw kI[ zwnI bdn is<h jI ny gu{ gRNQ swihb jI kw
tIkw ikXw jo PrIdkotI tIky ky nwm sy jwnw jwqw hY[ esky Aiqir#q Awpny p<. inhwl is<h (jo cwr
huE hY<) sb kI rcnwAo< ky bwry my< bqwXw[ p<. dyvw is<h jI dyvpurw hirªwr, p<. hr is<h kwSI ªwrw s<ák÷q
my< ricq ‰I gu{ is©wNq pwirjwq, mh<q buF`Fw jI inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS vwlo< kw ‘inm~l apdyS’ qQw p<.
in#kw is<h jI mhwrwj ivr#q jI ky apdyS jo ‘shj kQw’ ky }p my< pRkwiSq huE hY<, ky bwry my<
bqwXw[ Awpny bqwXw ik s<q nriBNdr is<h jI srp<c ny ‘Ascrj váqu’ gRNQ my< inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS
kw eiqhws qQw áQwipq smáq mh<q swihbwn kI jIvnI kw vx~n ikXw hY[ esky Aiqir#q Awpny ANX
inm~ly s<q v mh<q swihbwn kI rcnwAo< kw ivvrx idXw[
anky pÜcwq` s<q dS~n is<h jI bnwrs vwlo< ny Apnw pZ pRáquq ikXw[ ijnkw iv†X Qw
‘kwSI kI inrml pr<prw’[ aNho<ny bqwXw ik‘gu{ goivNd is<h jI mhwrwj ky pWatw swhb sy Byjy pw<c s<q kwSI phu<cy[ cyqn mT vwly
áQwn my< rhkr (jhw< Bwe~ gurdws jI kuC smX Thry Qy) aNho<ny iv´w pRwÎq kI[ anky iv´w gu{ p<.
sdwnNd jI Qy[ vhw< a#q s<qo< ny vyd, vydwNq C: Swáq, ám÷iqXw<, purwx Awid kI iS@w pRwÎq kI[’ es
áQwn ky sMbND my< my< Ek Gtnw pRis© hY[ p<. rwm pRswd ky eklOqy puZ jYrwm kw SrIr sdI~ ky kwrx
suNn ho gXw Qw[ asy lykr vy inm~ly s<qo< ky pws AwE[ s<qo< ny khw ik vY´ hkIm sy elwj krwAo, qb
p<. rwm pRswd ky khny pr Awpkw bÇcw hY rKo Xw mwro[ qb s<qo< ny Ardws krky jl jYrwm ky muK my<
fwlw[ vh kuC idno< my< inrog ho gXw[ qb s<qo< ny p<. rwm pRswd sy khw, esy ly jwAo prNqu jYrwm jI ny
khw ik “mY< Ab Awpky pws hI rh<Ugw”[ qb p<ifq jI ny aNhy< Apnw iSàX bnwkr, nwm jX is<h rKw
qQw kwSI vwly áQwn kw aÁrwiDkwrI bnw idXw[ anky pÜcwq` s<q myhr is<h jI, s<q AmIr is<h jI,
s<q cyq is<h jI, es áQwn ky mhNq bny ijnky nwm sy áQwn kw nwm ‘cyqn mT’ pRis© huAw[ Awpny
mhNqI p<. sdw is<h jI ko dI jo mhwn ivªwn Qy qQw p<. sdw is<h jI d<fI ky nwm sy pRis© huE[
eNho<ny ‘AªYq isi©’ gR<Q pr ‘sugm swr ciNdõkw’ nwmk tIkw kI rcnw kI[ anky pÜcwq` Anyk mhNqo<
ªwrw mT kw pRbNDn clwXw gXw[ vq~mwn my< s<q pRIqm is<h es áQwn kw pRbNDn clw rhy hY<[ Apny
a#q pypr my< s<q dS~n is<h jI ny kuC inm~ly ivªwno< ky jIvn v rcnwAo< kw ivvrx BI idXw hY, jYsy
p<. gulwb is<h jI, ‰I mh<q p<. aDv is<h NXwiXk, p<. qwrw is<h nroÁm Awid[ lwhOrI tolw, vwrwxsI my<
inm~l s<ák÷q iv´wlX kI áQwpnw mh<q jYrwm is<h kSmIr vwlo< ny kI QI[ anky pÜcwq` anky Xo^X
iSàX s<q rGuvIr is<h jI iv´w pFæwqy rhy[ ‰I mh<q suÇcw is<h jI, ‰I mh<q p<ifq blbIr is<h SwáZI,
p<. Aj~un is<h jI munI, mh<q gurdIp is<h jI kysrI v fw. rwmpwl is<h jI SwáZI idØlI vwlo< ny XhI<
iS@w pRwÎq kI[ inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS kI Ek SwKw s<gq zwn guPw kx~G<tw kwSI my< hY jo sn` 1901
my< p<ifq Avqwr is<h jI ny bnvwe~ v sn` 1924 my< mh<q buF`Fw jI ‡i†kyS vwlo< ky supud~ kr dI, XhI<
rhkr s<q zwnI blvNq is<h jI iS@w pRwÎq krqy rhy, ijnsy p<Q rqn s<q is<h jI mskIn ny iS@w
pRwÎq kI QI[
bRhm kutI Aw‰m kwSIkwSI p<ifq hrw is<h jI inm~l sMpRdwX ky mhwn ivªwn huE hY<[ Awpky syvk bwbU
rwmDwrI shwX klkÁy vwlo< ny kwSI my< mIrGwt ky smIp suNdr áQwn bnvw idXw jo Awj kl bRhm
kutI ky nwm sy jwnw jwqw hY[ p<. hrw is<h jI ny s<á™q my< ds gu{ swihbwn kw jIvn ilKw jo ‘gu{
is©wNq pwirjwq’ gRNQ ky nwm sy jwnw jwqw hY[
esky pÜcwq` AwcwX~ sqpRIq hir jI ny Apnw pypr ‘inm~l sMpRdwX ªwrw ricq s<á™q swihËX’
pFæw[ aNho<ny bqwXw ik s<á™q sBI Bw†wAo< kI jnnI qQw dyv Bw†w hY, ijsy mW AwSI~vwd pRwÎq hY[ Xid
iviBNn koSo< ko pFæw jwXy, qo pqw clqw hY ik AiDkWS SÑdo< ky mUl s<á™q sy hY<[ pRo. swihb is<h
jI jo s<á™q ky BI ivªwn Qy, ny ‰I gu{ gRNQ jI ky tIky my< SÑdo< ky mUl s<á™q SÑd kw BI aØlyK
xvi
ikXw hY[ p<ifq hrw is<h jI kwSI vwlo< ky ‘gu{ is©wNq pwirjwq’ nwmk gRNQ kI rcnw kI[ p<ifq
guridÁ is<h jI ny ‘gu{ nwnk Aàtkm’ nwmk gRNQ rc kr, gu{ nwnk dyv jI kI s<á™q my< aáqq kI[
p<ifq e~Üvr is<h ªwrw s<á™q my< ricq ‘gu{ m<ZwQ~ pRkwS’, p<. pRym is<h ªwrw ricq ‘gu{ áZoZ’, esI pRkwr
ANX inm~l s<qo<, s<q g<fw is<h jI, s<q gu{idÁ is<h jI, s<q inhwl is<h jI, s<q bu© is<h jI ny
s<á™q my< swihËX rcnw kI[ anky pÜcwq` s<q bu© is<h jI ny BI s<á™q my< swihËX rcnw kI[
esky pÜcwq` s<q gurmIq is<h jI ny, s<q p<. in#kw is<h jI mhwrwj ‘ivr#q’ qQw s<q Aqr
is<h jI mhwrwj máquAwxy vwlo< ky jIvn pr pRkwS fwlw[ sw<X 07:30 sy 9:30 qk ‘gu{ gRNQ swhb kw
rwg pv~’ nwmk s<gIq kw kwX~kõm huAw, ijsmy< bIbI }ipNdõ kOr ny kØXwn rwg my< gu{ Aj~n dyv mhwrwj
ªwrw aÇcwirq SÑd ‘pRBu myrw A<qrjwmI jwnu’ kw gwXn ikXw, Bwe~ k<vrpwl is<h rwgI jËQy ªwrw ‘hm
FwFI hir pRB Ksm ky’, ‘kvn gun pRwnpiq imla myrI mwe~’ qQw ‘dyKu PUl PUl PUly’ SÑdo< kw gwXn
ikXw[ lInw Kyfæw ny Ek SÑd ‘mY bnjwrin rwm kI]] qyrw nwmu vKru vwpwru jI’ qQw Ek Bjn ‘Gt Gt
my< p<CI bolqw’ kw gwXn ikXw qQw ANq my< Suicq nwr<g jI ny rwg vs<q my< gwXn ikXw qQw ek Bjn
‘sur kI giq mY #Xw jWnU’ kw gwXn ikXw[
idnw<k 12.02.2010 ko huE sZo< kw s<cwln kõmS: pRo. hrpwl is<h pNnU v fw. kulivNdõ is<h
bwjvw ny ikXw qQw AÍX@qw kõmS: fw. kulvIr is<h iFØlo< qQw s<q joD is<h jI mhwrwj ny kI[ es
idn ijn ivªwno< ny Apny pZ pRáquq ikE anky nwm kõmS: es pRkwr hY< (1) fw. gurmyl is<h (2) fw.
prmvIr is<h (3) fw. gurmIq is<h (4) pRo. surjIq is<h Bt`tI (5) fw. rwX jsvIr is<h (6) s<q jYl
is<h (7) fw. SmSyr is<h (8) fw. prmjIq is<h mwnsw (9) zwnI Bgvwn is<h (10) bIbI rivNdõ kOr (11)
pRo. jgdIS is<h mukyirXw< (12) pRo. Srx kOr[
fw. gurmyl is<h ny ‘gu{vwxI ÛXw$Xw dI p©iq ivc inm~lw skUl dw Xogdwn’ iv†X pr Apnw
pypr pFæw qQw p<. gulwb is<h ricq ‘mo@ p<Q pRkwS’, s<q inhwl is<h jI kvINdõ ªwrw ricq kvINdõ
pRkwS, s<q ibhwr ibNdõwvn is<h ªwrw ricq gRNQ ibhwr ibNdõwvn ky bwry my< bqwXw qQw zwnI zwn is<h ky
Anuswr inm~ly s<qo< ky l@x ËXwgI, sqoguxI v s<qoKI hony bqwE qQw anko ismrn, syvw, lyKn,
pTn-pwTn krny vwlw bqwXw[ p<. e~Üvr is<h kwSI vwlo< ªwrw ricq vwihgu{ m<Z v÷iq inroD qQw p<. qwrw
is<h jI nroÁm ªwrw ricq puáqko< pr pRkwS fwlw[ qËpÜcwq` fw. prmvIr is<h ny apro#q iv†X pr
pRkwS fwlqy huE khw ik es iv†X pr bolnw kiTn kwX~ hY[ inm~l s<pRdwX kI Aor sy jo BI tIky
gu{vwxI ky ikE gXy hY< vy ÛXw$Xw ky }p my< hY<[ fw. qwrn is<h ny ApnI puáqk ‘gu{vwxI dIAW ÛXw$Xw
pRxwlIAW’ my< jo jo ÛXw$Xw pRxwilXw< bqwe~ hY< vy es pRkwr hY :
(1) shj pRxwlI (2) Bwe~ pRxwlI (3) prmwrQ pRxwlI (4) adwsI (5) inm~lw pRxwlI (6)
s<pRdwe~ pRxwlI (7) is<h sBwe~ pRxwlI (8) ANX[
gu{ Aj~n dyv jI ky smX hI Bwe~ gurdws jI ªwrw kI ge~ ÛXw$Xw Bwe~ pRxwlI ky ANqg~q
AwqI hY[ Bwe~ s<qoK is<h jI ny, jo inm~lw pRxwlI ky phly ÛXw$Xwkwr Qy, adwsI swDu AwnNd Dn ªwrw
ikE gE jpujI swihb ky tIky my< ZuitXw< AnuBv krqy huE jpujI swihb kw jo tIkw qYXwr ikXw vh
‘grb g<jnI tIky’ ky }p my< mwnw jwqw hY[
qËpÜcwq` fw. gurmIq is<h jI a#q iv†X pr pRkwS fwlqy huE khw ik tIkw kw AQ~ hY
gu{vwxI ko srl bolI my< pyS krnw[ esky ilE kyvl A@r zwn hI AwvÜXk nhI< hY biØk tIkw krny
vwly ko as vwqwvrx my< phu<cnw hY, ijsmy< SÑd kI rcnw hue~ hY[ hr pwTk kw Dwim~k AnuBv Apnw
Apnw p÷Qk p÷Qk hoqw hY[ Xid inm~l s<pRdwX ko isK p<Q sy AØg krky dyKw jwXygw, AQo~< kI smJ
nhI< AwXygI[ inm~l s<pRdwX kw pRwrMB kuC ivªwn gu{ nwnk dyv jI sy qQw kuC ivªwn gu{ goibNd is<h
jI sy mwnqy hY<[ qËpÜcwq` pRo. surjIq is<h Bt`tI ny Apnw pZ pFæqy huE khw ik inm~l SÑd kw AQ~
Bwe~ kwhn is<h nwBw ny mYl rihq Su©, pwr bRhm krqwr, Kwlsw p<Q ikXw hY qQw gu{ goibNd is<h jI
ªwrw pw<c is<ho< ko s<ák÷q AÍXXn hyqu kwSI Byjny sy ankI phcwn inm~ly s<qo< ky }p my< kI QI, inm~l
xvii
s<pRdwX p÷Qk nhI< hY[ biØk isK Dm~ v gu{vwxI kI pRcwr pRswr krny vwlI s<áQw hY[ aNho<ny BI fw.
qwrn is<h ricq puáqk ‘gu{vwxI dIAW ÛXw$Xw pRxwlIAW’ kw ijkõ krqy huE aNhI< pRxwilXo< ky bwry my<
bqwXw jo pUv~ v#qw fw. prmvIr is<h ªwrw bqwe~ gXI QI[ inm~l pRxwlI my< ivªwno< ny gu{vwxI ky tIky,
gu{ gR<Q koS, pRXwX, gu{ eiqhws kI puáqky< ilKI<[ inm~ly ivªwno< ky kuC pRmuK nwm es pRkwr hY<- Bwe~
s<qoK is<h, p<ifq gulwb is<h, p<. qwrw is<h nroÁm, zwnI zwn is<h v vq~mwn my< zwnI blv<q is<h jI
koTwgu}[ zwnI blv<q is<h jI ny ‘inm~l p<Q dI gOrv gwQw’ my< Bwe~ bwly vwlI jNm swKI sy inMn
pi#qXw< ad`q kI hY:‘klXug nwnk inrmlw, gu{ cylw prwn, pwr aqwry sbnw, sqnwm dy dwn[
klXug nwnk inrmlw p<Q clweAo AwX, vyd kqybo< bwhrw jpdy Ek KudwX[’ qQw
eh ibD pw<co< is<h ko K<fy pwhul dIn,
p<c ko† ar igAwn dy inm~l p<Q sukIn[
fw. rqn is<h j^gI ny ‘isK p<Q ivÜvkoS’ my< inm~l s<pRdwX ky hvwly sy ilKw hY, “gurmq dy
pRcwr Aqy pRswr ivc inrmly s<qw< dI dyn eiqhwsk Aqy AduqI hY[ inàTwpUv~k inr<qr pRcwr rwhI< enw< ny
iv´wlXw< m&fIAW rmqy dlW, SwáZwQ~, Aqy Dm~ puáqkw< dy pRkwSn dI ivvsQw kIqI hY[ es qo< elwvw
eiqhwsk gu{ Dw<mw, fyrXw< Aqy mTw< dI aswrI ªwrw vI kwPI pRcwr hoXw hY[ Kws qOr qy enw< ny Bwrq dy
pRis© qIrQ áQwnw< aqy gurªwirAw< dI aswrI krky gurmq nU< ajwgr kIqw hY[”
ANq my< pRo. Bt`tI ny inm~l Aw‰m î†kyS ªwrw clwE jw rhy ákUlo<, Aápqwlo< Awid kI BrpUr
pRS<Sw kI[ anky pÜcwq` fw. rwX jsbIr is<h ny inm~l p<Q ky bwry my< bqwXw ik inm~l p<Q v Kwlsw
p<Q Ek dUsry ky pXw~X hY<[ aNho<ny inm~l s<pRdwX ky pRmuK áQwno< kI jwXdwdo< kw ivvrx idXw[ ANq my<
bqwXw ik es ByK ny jwXdwdy< ÈXwdwqr EysI s<áQwAo< ky }p my< bnwe~ hY< jo lok syvw, iv´w pRwiÎq,
iv´w pRswr, mwnisk v ANX rogo< ky invwrx ky ilE Aápqwlo< ky }p my< swmny Awe~ hY<[ esky pÜcwq`
s<q jYl is<h SwáZI ny ‘inm~l s<pRdwX kI AwrMBqw qy ivkws’ ky SI†~k sy Apnw pZ pFqy huE bqwXw
ik
inrml... in ivSy†x apdyS rihqw srb ihqkwrI prmodyS smudwX: s: inrml p<Q[
inm~l p<Q ky pRv~qk gu{ nwnk dyv jI ky bwry my< ‘vwr Bwe~ BwgIrQ’ my< ilKw hY:inm~l p<Q clweXo, Ek ivvyk Bgq ê÷Fæwe~[
swDn kiTn CfwX ky, gu{ cyly kI rIq clwe~[
klXug nwnk klw idKwe~[
gu{ pRqwp sUrj my< Bwe~ s<qoK is<h ny ilKw hY:inrml gu{ drsih isKn, pRmysvr ko pRym sujwn[
gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny pw<atw swihb sy pw<c is#Ko< ko kwSI iv´wÍXn hyqu Byjw[ p<ifq gulwb
is<h jI ny mo@ p<Q pRkwS my< dj~ ikXw hY :‰I gu{ goibNd is<h jI, su pUrx hir Avqwr[
rcXo p<Q Bv mY pRgt, do ivD ko ivsqwr[
Ekn ky kr Kfæg dY, Buj Bl bhu iváqwr[
pwln BUim ko krXo, duàtn mUl aKwr[
AOrn kI ipK ivml miq, dIno prm ivvyk[
inrml BwKy jgq iqh, hyry bRhm su Ek[
aNho<ny fyrw bwbw drgwh is<h knKl, fyrw ku{@yZ, fyrw kubyr vwlw, bu<gw inm~lXw< Am÷qsr, fyrw
bwbw gw<Dw is<h brnwlw kw s<i@Îq eiqhws bqwXw qQw inm~l p<Q kI rihq mXw~dw v inm~l mhwpu{†o<
kI smwj syvw ky bwry my< bqwXw[ Twkur dXwl is<h jI jYsy bRhmzwnI, bwbw imSrw is<h jYsy mhwn
kIrqinE, ávwmI Bgq is<h jI jYsy qpávI, mh<q buF`Fw is<h jI jYsy nwm vwxI kw pRvwh clwny vwly,
xviii
s<q bwbw in#kw is<h jI jYsy mhwn ËXwgI v ÛXw$Xwkwr BI esI s<pRdwX my< huE hY<[ aNho<ny vq~mwn smX
my< inm~l Aw‰m î†kyS ky ‰Imwn mhNq bwbw rwm is<h jI qQw s<q bwbw joD is<h ªwrw clwXy jw rhy
Aápqwlo< ákUlo<, islwe~ kyNdõ, ANn @yZ kI BUir-BUir pRS<sw kI[
esky pÜcwq` fw. SmSyr is<h ny bqwXw ik jo SÑd gu{ nwnk swhb ny aÇcwrx ikXw 230
v†~ ky bwd gu{ }p my< asI SÑd gu{ ko gu{ gd`dI imlI[ aNho<ny bqwXw ik inm~l sMpRdwX ky s<q
gulwb is<h jI, p<ifq qwrw is<h nroÁm ny bhuq sy gRNQo< kI rcnw kI[ Bwe~ s<qoK is<h ny AwnNd Gn ky
jpujI swhb ky ASu© tIky ky iv}© grb g<jnI tIky kI rcnw kI[ A<gRyj lyKk tö<p ªwrw gu} gRNQ
swihb kw jo A<gRyjI my< tIkw ikXw asmy< bhuq ZuitXw< QI[ p<. qwrw is<h jI nroÁm ny assy AsNquàt Qy,
es kwrx aNho<ny tIkw ‘isrI rwg’ ikXw[
es sZ ky ANq my< ‰I kulvIr is<h iFØlo< ny inm~ly s<qo< ky gu{ªwrw s<Bwl qQw swihËX my<
Xogdwn kI ccw~ kI[ AiNqm sZ kI pRDwngI s<q joD is<h jI mhwrwj inm~l Aw‰m î†kyS ny kI
qQw s<cwln fw. kulivNdr is<h bwjvw ny ikXw[ phlw pZ fw. prmjIq is<h mwnsw ny pFæw ankw
iv†X Qw ‘p<ifq qwrw is<h nroÁm dI gurbwnI ivAwiKXw nU< dyn’[ anho<ny p<ifq qwrw is<h nroÁm jI ky
jNm kw smX, jNm áQwn qQw ankI rcnwAo< kw ivvrx idXw ijnmy< sy mu$X gurmq inx~X swgr, tIkw
Bgq bwxI, gu{ qIrQ s<gRh, tIkw isrI rwg v gu{ igrwrQ koS ky bwry my< bqwXw[ ‘gurmq inx~X swgr’
kw aØlyK krqy huE, aNho<ny bqwXw ik p<ifq jI esmy< ilKqy hY< ikijs bwxI kw ArQ n jwny<, iqs bwxI kw pFænw #Xw[
ijs byfI my< nU< v<J n cÎpw, iqs byfI kw cFænw #Xw[
AQw~q` ijs vwxI kw AQ~ n AwE asko pFny kw #Xw lwB qQw ijs byfI my< cÎpu n hovy as
byfI pr cFænw #Xw jo swgr sy pwr nhI< lgw skqI[ p<ifq qwrw is<h nroÁm ny C: pRkwr ky tIko< kw
vx~n ikXw hY- (1) pd Cyd (2) pdwQ~ ai#q (3) ivgRh (4) vwk Xojnw (5) AwpyK (6) smwDwn[ ANq
my< aNho<ny khw ik p<ifq qwrw is<h nroÁm ky kwX~ ko BulwXw nhI< jw skqw[ jo cmËkwrI ÛXw$Xw
p<ifq jI ny Apnwe~ askI Swn inrwlI hY[ aNho<ny s$q myhnq krky gurmq gR<Qo< kI rcnw ªwrw swihËX
ky @yZ my< pRkwS fwlw[ esky pÜcwq` pRo. jgdIS is<h mukyirXw< ny bqwXw ik adwsI p<Q, inm~l p<Q,
syvw p<Q qQw Kwlsw p<Q sb is#K p<Q ky A<g hY<[ pRo. Srx kOr ny bqwXw ik inm~l s<pRdwX ky
ivªwno< ny p<ifqo< kI sBw my< Anyko< bwr SwáZwQ~ ikXy qQw jIqny ky bwd aNhy< p<ifq apwiD sy sMmwinq
ikXw gXw[
smwiÎq pr s<q qyjw is<h jI fyrw gu{sr Kuf`fw vwlo< ny sZ pRDwn mhwrwj joD is<h jI kI
Aor sy AÍX@IX Bw†x dykr kwX~kõm kI smwiÎq kI Go†xw kI[
hribNdr is<h Efvokyt
murwdwbwd[
xix
qqkrw
do Sbd
Sukrwnw Aqy Ardws
inrml vcn
srpRsq dI AwsIs
pRsqwvnw
symInwr smI@w
smI@w
inrml pMQ dy ivdvwnW dw ricAw srb-p`KI
swihqÎ
kwSI dI inrml pRMprw
inrml ByK qQw inrmly sMqW dw smwj nUM srv p`KI
Xogdwn
inrml sµpRdwie dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pRxwlI :
iek pirpyK
inrmilAW duAwrw kIqI gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI Aqy
is`K pCwx
inrml sMpRdwie dI gurbwxI tIkwkwrI : ivl`Kxqw
Aqy ivSySqw
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw :
smIiKAwqmk AiDAYn
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dI auswrI ivc inrmlw
skUl dw Xogdwn
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw nUM
dyx
inrmly sMqW dI sMsikRq swihqX nUM dyn
inrml sMpRdwie dI AwrMBqw Aqy ivkws
inrml pMQ Aqy jwiedwd
inrml pMQ Aqy mhMq bIbIAW
inm~l sMpõdwX ªwrw ricq s<á™q my< isK swihËX
‘rwmcirq mwns’ Ev< ‘AÍXwËm‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< dS~n
qäv
inm~l sMpõdwX ad`Bv,
Bv, ivkws AOr dyn
inm~l sNqo< kw ihNdI swihËX
fw. jspwl isMG vweIs-cWslr
sMq joD isMG
sMq qyjw isMG
bIbI mihMdr kOr
fw. hrBjn isMG
hribNdr is<h Efvokyt
igAwnI blvMq isMG ‘koTw gurU’
v
ix-x
xi
xii
xiii-xiv
xv-xix
1-18
sMq drSn isMG
,,
,,
19-30
31-48
fw. surjIq isµG B`tI
fw. blivµdrjIq kOr
fw. gurmIq isMG
49-59
fw. prmvIr isMG
68-75
fw. SmSyr isMG
76-83
fw. gurmyl isMG
84-90
fw. prmjIq isMG mwnsw
91-96
sMq zYl isMG SwsqrI
,,
,,
fw. rwey jsbIr isMG
sivMdr kOr
AwcwX~ sqpõIq hir
fw. mdn gulwtI
97-111
112-129
130-133
134-135
136-143
144-155
,,
,,
fw. inm~l kumwr kOiSk
156-171
172-180
60-67
inrml pMQ dy ivdvwnW dw ricAw srb-p`KI swihqÎ
igAwnI blvMq isMG ‘koTw gurU’*
1
DMnu su kwgdu klm DMnu Dnu BWfw Dnu msu ]
Dnu lyKwrI nwnkw ijin nwmu ilKwieAw scu ]
ividAw sMswr ivc auqm Dn hY, sMswr dy Amul pdwrQW ivcoN hI Amolk hY[ ividAw duAwrw
hI sqÎ Aqy AsqÎ dw igAwn huMdw hY[ ivdvwn dw swry ivSv ivc siqkwr huMdw hY[ ividAw ikqnI
AvSÎk Aqy mhwn hY, ies gl nUM gurU klgIDr ipqw ny smiJAw sI[ gurU jI ny ijQy dyS auqy Anyk
aupkwr kIqy auQy ividAw pRcwr nUM pRmuKqw idqI[ hr iek isK nUM pTn-pwTn krn dI AwigAw kIqI[
siqgurU jI AnpVHqw nUM kurihq mMndy sn[ rihqnwimAW ivc siqgurU jI dw hukm hYgurmuKI AKr jo hY BweI[ isK isK qy sIKy jweI[
Avr vI ividAw jh qh hoeI[ Avrn qy vI lyvy soeI[
gurU jI dy drbwr ivc bvMjw kvIAW (ivdvwnW) dw hoxw ieiqhws pRis`D hY[ pr nvIn Koj
Anuswr kvIAW, ilKwrIAW (KuSnvISW) dI igxqI ies qoN vI cOguxI sI[ BwrqIX ieiqhws, imiQhws,
drSn, srb p`KI swihqÎ/igAwn ivc isK pMQ nUM pRvIn krn vwsqy pMj sMqW/isKW nUM 1686 eI. ivc
pwauNtw swihb qoN sMsikRq ividAw dI pRwpqI vwsqy kwSI jI ivc ByijAw[ aunHW ividAw-inST isKW ny
13 vrS mn iekwgr krky ividAw AiDAYn kIqw[ gurU jI dy AwSIrvwd nwl Awpxy audyS ivc sPlqw
pRwpq krky 1699 eI. ivc vwps gurU jI dy crnW ivc Aw ky nq-msqk hoey[ gurU jI ny pRsMn-muK
PrmwieAw, ‘AwE ! myry inrmly sMqo ! mYN quhwfy ’qy prm pRsMn hW, ies ividAw nUM pMQ Aqy dyS ivc
pRcwr ky igAwn dw pRkwS kro[’
ienHW pMjW sMqW dy Awaux qoN pihlW Kwlsw pMQ dI isrjxw ho cukI sI[ ienHW pMjW sMqW ny vI
AMimRq pwn krn dI ieCw pRgt kIqI, gurU jI vI pRsMn hoey[ AwigAw Anuswr BweI dieAw isMG jI
ipAwry Aqy BweI Drm isMG jI ipAwry ny pMjW sMqW nUM AMimRq dI dwq bKSI sI[ gurmMqR BweI dieAw
isMG jI ipAwry Aqy BweI Drm isMG jI ipAwry ny bKiSAw[ gurmMqR Anuswr inrml ByK dIAW pMjW sMqW
dIAW nwdI bMswvlIAW dohW ipAwirAW nwl Awky imldIAW hn[ pMjW sMqW ny AMimRq pwn krky gurU jI nUM
nmskwr kIqI, qW gurU jI prm pRsMn hoey[ Agy vwsqy AMimRq Ckwaux dI syvw inrmly sMqW nUM bKSI[
Drm pRcwr, AMimRq sMcwr, ividAw dwn krn dI AwigAw dy ky gurU kw js ilKx leI klm vI bKSI[
siqgurU jI srb ividAw dy dwqy sn, srb ividAw sihq sMsikRq-&wrsI Awp jI dI rsnw
aupr sI[ ies smyN ivc &wrsI dyS dI rwjkIX BwSw sI[ BwrqIX siBAwcwr, ieiqhws, imiQhws,
drSn, swihqÎ dI BwSw sMsikRq sI[ gurU jI ny AMimRq pwn krn dI mrXwdw sQwpq krn qoN aupRMq pMQ
dw nwmkrn ‘Kwlsw’ kIqw[ Kwlsw &wrsI dw Sbd hY[ pMjy sMq sMsikRq dy pMifq sn[ ‘myry ipAwry
inrmly’ kihky sMqW nUM inrmlw nwm dI bKiSS kIqI[
mwl dy irkwrf Anuswr ‘Kwlsw’ aus sMpqI nUM AwKdy hn jo isDI smrwt qQw kyNdRIX srkwr
dy ADIn hovy[ ijs ’qy iksy ivsvydwr, jwgIrdwr, ijmIdwr dw koeI AiDkwr nw hovy[ gurU rwmdws jI dy
smyN pRbMD dI idRStI nwl swry dyS dIAW sMgqW ielwkyvwr vK-vK msMdW dy ADIn kr idqIAW sn[ pr
* ipMf qy fwkKwnw koTwgurU, izlHw biTMfw-151206. mobwiel nM. 99153-57802
1
sYmInwr 11-12 PrvrI 2010
kuJ ielwikAW dIAW sMgqW gurU jI dy Awpxy ADIn sn[ gurU jI dy ADIn sMgqW nUM ‘Kwlsw’ AwiKAw jWdw
sI[ dsm gurU jI ny msMd pRQw ^qm krky, srbq sMgq nUM Awpxy nwl joV ky Kwlsw bxw idqw sI[ iesy
vwsqy dUsry gurdws jI ny iliKAw hYpIE pwhul KMfDwr huie jnm suhylw[
sMgiq kInI Kwlsw mnmuKI duhylw[
vwsqv ivc gurU kI sMpRdwie dw nwm inrml pMQ sI[ inrml dy ArQ hn, ‘ml, AividAw,
AigAwn qoN rihq Awcrn Aqy pwvn mn-bwxI vwlw ivAkqI’[ dsm gurU jI ny vI Kwlsy dI iehI
pirBwSw idqI hYjwgq joiq jpY ins bwsur eyku ibnw min nYk n AwnY]
pUrn pRym pRqIq sjY bRq gor mVHI mT BUl n mwnY]
qIrQ dwn dieAw qp sMjm eyku ibnw nih eyk pCwnY]
pUrn joiq jgY Gt mY qb Kwls qwih nKwls jwnY]
(dsm gRMQ, pMnw 712)
siqgurU dy kQn Anuswr ‘Kwlsw’ Aqy ‘inrml’ Sbd ivc BwSw-Byd qoN ibnw koeI AMqr nhIN
hY[ dovyN ArQ smwn hn[ ‘Kwlsw’ Sbd &wrsI dw Aqy ‘inrml’ Sbd sMsikRq dw hY[
AsIN ijvyN aupr ilK Awey hW ik dsm gurU jI ny pMQ dI Dwrimk AgvweI inrml pMQ nUM dy ky
gurU dw js ilKx leI klm vI bKSI[ ies cmqkwrI klm ny gurmiq dy ^zwny ivc Amul gRMQ rqnW
dw BMfwr BirAw[ ieh rqn BMfwr swihqÎ ivc srvoprI gOrvSwlI sQwn rKdw hY[ AsIN inrml pMQ dy
ivdvwn lyKkW dI srb p`KI klmI syvw nUM siqkwr Aqy ivsQwr nwl vrxn krdy hW-
pMifq gulwb isMG jI1 : Awp jI inrml pMQ ivc mhwn purK hoey hn[ sMsikRq dy Awp jI pRkWf
pMifq sn[ Awp jI ny sMsikRq gRMQW nUM bRj BwKw, gurmuKI ilpI ivc AMikq kr ky srb swDwrn vwsqy
suKYn swihqÎ pYdw krn dw Xqn kIqw[ sMsikRq Anuvwd qoN aunHW dI ApUrv pMfqweI dw pqw lgdw hY[
ieh vI pqw lgdw hY ik Awp jI CMd-SwsqR, AlMkwr Aqy swihqÎ dy AduqI igAwqw qQw srb p`KI
ivdvwn sn[
BwvrswimRq (1777 eI.) : ies gRMQ ivc sgux rwm BgqI dw vrxn kIqw igAw hY[ BgqI dI mihmw
Awpxy Awp pRgt huMdI hY[ ieh AiqAMq auqm rcnw hY, ijs ivc SWq rs, iSMgwr rs Aqy kruxw rs
dw sumyl hY[ BwvrswimRq dw AMgRyzI Anuvwd sMq qIrQ isMG (pUrv nwm john vIvr) ny ivAwiKAw sihq
kIqw hY[
mokS pMQ pRkwS (1778 eI.) : ieh gRMQ AimRqsr ivc iliKAw igAw hY[ ieh BwrqIX drSn (SwsqR)
dw pRmwixk gRMQ hY[ auqrIX Bwrq ivc Aijhw dUsrw gRMQ nhIN hY[
sMq inhwl isMG jI kvINdr ny ies gRMQ bwry rOick auQwinkw ilKI hY[ ijs ivc disAw hY ik
mokS pMQ pRkwS dy lyKk pMifq gulwb isMG jI dy mhwpurK (gurUdyv) pMifq mwn isMG jI dsm gurU jI dy
hzUrI isK sn jo gurU jI dy crnW ivc bYT ky prmwrQ Aqy gurbwxI dy ArQW sMbMDI SMkw inibRq krdy
rihMdy sn[ dsm ipqw jI vI AiDkwrI smJky ivcwr pUrbk gohJ KolH ky SMkw smwDwn krdy sn[
gurU jI qoN pRwpq kIqw hoieAw ieh bRhm igAwn Agy Awpxy iSS pMifq gulwb isMG jI nUM
mOiKk rUp ivc bKiSAw, ijs nUM pMifq jI ny mokS pMQ pRkwS dy rUp ivc pRgt kIqw[ sMq inhwl isMG
1
ipqw- js rwey, mwqw- gorI, ipMf syKvW (ijlHw lwhOr), gurdyv- pMifq mwn isMG jI, sMpRdwie- kbyr[
2
jI kvINdr ies vwrqw nUM ies qrHW ilKdy hn, “eyk smyN siqgurU goibMd isMG ky hzUr dIvwn ky smyN
sRImwn BweI mwn isMG inrmly Apny gr myN AMcr fwr ky bVI inMmRqw pUrbk pRxwm krky sRI siqgurU jI
ky snmuK qqpr ho ky TwFy hoqy Bey[ iqsI smyN siqgurU ikRpwlU ny AMimRq idRStI krky ikRpwlqw kI bwxI
so pUCw, jo ‘hy mwn isMG ! khu kXw khXw cwhqw hY[’ qb mwn isMG jI boly, ‘hy siqguro ! gRMQ ju ky mwrU
rwg mYN jo pihly mh`ly ky solhy hYn[ iqn ky bIc qy sqwrvyN kI nwvIN pOVI ky Awid mYN jo ilKI hY ey quk
‘swm vydu irgu jujru AQrbxu]’ ies quk kw jo Asl qwqprX hY so ikRpw krky ilK bKS ky smJwE
jI[ qb sRI siqgurU kihqy Bey DMn BweI mwn isMG qUM DMn, ijs qYny AYsw auqm pRSn jIvoN ky auDwr hyq
kInw hY[ ies qy qyrw v`fw js hovygw[ hy isK ! ies quk mYN cwroN bydoN ky nwm Asl AiBpRwX qoN cwroN
mhWvwk hY[ AYsy kihky kwgd klm dvwq mMgvwie vwrqk rUp CMdog AwidkoN ky pRmwx smyq ilK bKSqy
Bey Aqy Prmwqy Bey jo iksy eykWq smyN hmwrI rsnw qy ies vwrqk kw ArQ sux BI lYxw[ qb mwn isMG
ny sq bcn khXw[ qdwAnMq qYsy hI krw[ sqÎopdys irdY mYN Dwr[ kwlWqR mYN ausI vwrqk kw AiBpRwX
sRI mwn isMG jU ny Awpxy syvk gulwb isMG kO kr dIAw[”
sMq mwn isMG jI sRI dsm ipqw jI dy hzUrI isK sn[ ies gl nUM sMq inhwl isMG jI kvINdr
iek hor pRmwx nwl is`D krdy hn, “moK pMQ bnY kw sMmq ATwrW sY pYNqI eykw ArQ inksXo[ sqwrw sY
pihT mYN gurU goibMd isMG jI ivdyh moK hoxw hUAw hY[ Xwqy pYNqI AO pYNqI s`qr brK gurU jI qy pICy moK
pMQ bnw hY[ so sqr brK eyk purK kI AwXU mYN qo ikC BI sMdyh nhIN[ so ien s`qr brKn mYN hI doie
hUey hYN eyk mwn isMG jI dUjy gulwb isMG jI Xwqy sRI mwn isMG jI zrUr hI gurU ky hzUrI isMGn ky bIc ey
Bey hY[”
pRMqU pMifq gulwb isMG jI ny mokS pMQ pRkwS dw AwDwr AMimRq bwxI sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI nUM
mMinAw hY[ iesy vwsqy sRI mokS pMQ pRkwS dy AwrMB ivc &rmwieAw hY ik jo AMimRq bcn gurU Arjn
dyv jI kihMdy hn, aunHW dw AsIN ivsQwr pUrbk iviKAwn krdy hW[ pMifq gulwb isMG jI ilKdy hngurU Arjn klXwn vKwn[ BRm BX imty su bRhm gXwn[
auqm pMQ gXwn jg swr[ duK mytn suK dyn audwr[10[
‘sRI mokS pMQ pRkwS’ gurbwxI pRvwh dw hI iek somw hY[ pMifq gulwb isMG jI, pMifq qwrw
isMG jI nroqm Aqy sMq inhwl isMG jI dw ieh inrxY hY[
‘sRI mokS pMQ pRkwS’ BwrqI drSn-SwsqR ivc SRomxI sQwn rKdw hY[ pqMjlI, Xog SwsqR,
nXwX drSn, mImWsw drSn Aqy vydWq dIAW muK mwnqwvW ies gRMQ ivc AMikq hn[ ieqnw pRmwxIk
ivvycn pMjwb dy hor iksy gRMQ ivc nhIN hY[ QW-QW aupinSdW dy vwk AMikq hox krky ies gRMQ rqn dy
vf`px ivc hor vI vwDw hoieAw hY[
ADÎwqm rwmwXx (1789 eI.) : ADÎwqm rwmwXx pMifq gulwb isMG jI dI mhwn rcnw hY[ rwm kQw nUM
dwrSink idRStIkox qoN vrxn kIqw hY[ kwvÎ ivc auc aufwrIAW lweIAW hn[ Bgvwn rwmcMdR jI nUM sÍY
eIsÍr isD kIqw hY[ ADÎwqm rwmwXx kWfW Aqy AiDAwvW ivc vMfI hoeI hY[ ijsdI BwSw mDur Aqy
AiqAMq suMdr hY[ CMd SwsqR dy swry CMd, nv rs, AlMkwr, irqU vrxn Awidk swihqÎ dy srb AMg
klwqimk ivDI Anuswr vrqy hn[ ieh rwmwXx swihqÎ ivc auqm sQwn rKdI hY[
pRboD cMdRodX nwtk (1779 eI.) : pRboD cMdRodX nwtk sMsikRq ivc sRI ikRSn imSr ny iliKAw hY[ BwvyN
iesdy pRWiqk BwSwvW ivc keI Anuvwd hoey hn[ BweI mnI isMG jI vwlI jnm swKI ivc vI ieh pMjwbI
vwrqk ivc AMikq hY, pr jo pMifq gulwb isMG jI ny sMsikRq qoN bRj BwSw ivc Anuvwd kIqw hY, auh
mUl nwloN vI pRBwvSwlI hY[ ies qrHW pMifq jI dy swry gRMQ swihqÎ ivc srvoprI sQwn rKdy hn[
3
pMifq gulwb isMG jI mhwn swihqÎkwr hox krky sdw vwsqy Amr ho gey[ Awp jI dI
ividAw, swihqÎ Gwlxw auqy kyvl inrml ByK Aqy isK pMQ nUM hI nhIN, swry Bwrq nUM mwx hY[
pMifq gulwb isMG jI dI kivqw dw nmUnw ; gurU nwnk dyv jI dI ausqiq krdy hoey ilKdy
hnApdw pMkj nIr hry ml Bwrq dIn bhy Bv BwrI[
bwvn ky pd pMkj qy mnu gMg igrI jn qwrnhwrI[
bYnn nYnn kI aupmw kiv kMjn qy Aiq swr inhwrI[
qw gur nwnk ky pd pMkj sIs invwey ky bMd hmwrI[
gurU goibMd isMG jI dw mMgl krdy hoey ilKdy hngurU goibMd isMG ko nmo su hwQ jor kY, kus`qR qyj qor jwih pwlXo ihMdwn ko[
ikRpwl sIs hwQ dY su kIc qy kry imRigMd, ieMdR cwp lwj pyK nwQ kI kmwn ko[
Apwr dUK twr kY inhwr kY klys dws, vws qy ibkuMT qyj pUrXo jhwn ko[
Bujw BuXMg rwjsI ivrwj sIs kys cMd, smqw n hoey qo muKwribMd swn ko[ (p`qrw-1)
mhwkvI BweI sMqoK isMG jI1 : mhwkvI BweI sMqoK isMG jI kvI-kul dy sUrj sn[ gurU js dy AwkwS
ivc mwrqMf dI qrHW pRkwS kr rhy hn[ siqgurW dy ApUrv Xs nUM ilK ky AwkwS-mMfl ivc gur mihmw
dI kIrqI nUM PYlw rhy hn[ siqgurU dy Xs dw sUrj pRkwS ilK ky, sÍXM sUrj bx ky cmk rhy hn[ bRj
BwSw dw mhw kwvÎ ‘gur pRqwp sUrj’ rIqI kwl dw ivrwt ‘pRbMD kwvÎ’ hY[ ies pRbMD kwvÎ ivc
ieiqhws, imiQhws, drSn, swihqÎ dw aulyKnIX sMgRh hY[ mhwkvI jI ny 6 gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI hY, pr
Awp jI dI pRisDI mhw kwvÎ ‘gur pRqwp sUrj’ dy ilKx nwl hoeI hY[ Awp jI dy ricq gRMQW dI sUcI
ies qrHW hYnwm koS (1821 eI.) : ieh sMsikRq dy Amr koS dw Anuvwd hY, ijsnUM Awp jI ny suMdr SYlI ivc
Anuvwd kIqw hY[ ieh gRMQ hwlI qk ApRkwiSq hY[ koS ivc Awp jI ny iek-iek nwm dy pRXwX dsy hn[
gur nwnk pRkwS (1823 eI.) : ieh gRMQ sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy jIvn Aqy aupkwrW bwry AiqAMq suMdr
SYlI ivc AMikq kIqw igAw hY jo SwsqRIX BwSw ivc pROF mhwkwiv hY[ iesdy pUrvwrD Aqy auqrwrD do
Bwg hn[ pUrvwrD ivc 73 AiDAwie Aqy auqrwrD ivc 57 AiDAwie hn[ ieh gRMQ sMmq 1880 ib.
(sMn 1823 eI.) nUM ‘buVIey’ ngr ivc ilK ky smwpq kIqw igAw sI[
jpujI tIkw grb gMjnI (1829 eI.) : ieh tIkw vwrqk swD BwSw ivc hY[ ies tIky ivc gurmiq
isDWq nUM SwsqRIX SYlI ivc vrxn kIqw igAw hY[ sRI jpujI vrgI mnohr bwxI dy AlMkwr cmqkwrW nUM
QW pr QW pRgt kIqw hY[ ijs qoN kvI jI dy srb p`KI ivSwl igAwn dw pircX imldw hY[ ijQy jpujI
dI mhwn mihmw nUM vrxn kIqw hY, nwl hI kvI jI ny tIky ivc AvSÎk pRSn vI kIqy hn, ijvyN nwnk
Sbd dI ivauqpqI, ikRqm Aqy AikRqm (prw pUrblw) nwm, dyvI dw KMfn, gurbwxI dIAW lgW-mwqRW
Awidk ivcwrW vI kIqIAW hn[ ‘grb gMjnI tIkw’ SbdwrQ, BwvwrQ, ivAwiKAw rUp ivc Dwrimk,
dwrSink, swihqÎk Aqy ieiqhwsk qOr ’qy Awpxw ivSyS sQwn rKdw hY[
bwlmIkI rwmwXx (1834 eI.) : bwlmIkI rwmwXx dw Awp jI ny sMsikRq (mUl) rwmwXx qoN Anuvwd kIqw
hY[ ieh gurmuKI ilpI, bRj BwSw ivc AMikq hY[ rwmwXx ivc Awp jI ny spSt krdy hoey iliKAw hY ik
ijvyN irSI bwlmIk jI ny sMsikRq ivc iliKAw hY, mYN hU bhU auhI Anuvwd kIqw hY[ AwpxI koeI aukqI
1
ipqw- BweI dyvw isMG, mwqw- rwm dyeI, jnm- 1787, ipMf nUr dI srHW (izlHw qrnqwrn), ividAw gurU- igAwnI sMq isMG jI[
4
XukqI nhIN vrqI[ ies vwsqy hr SMkw smwDwn dw jvwbdyh irSI bwlmIk jI hn[ ies Bwv nUM kvI jI
suMdr SbdW ivc AMikq krdy hndUKn AO BUKn sMBwr n aucwr kryN ApxI aukiq n Xukiq ibsqr hoN[
vwlmIk bdn qy bcn Bny hYN br brn ibcwr soaU BwKw myN suDr hoN[
krno ASys pd Awey hY ibSyS ikq qaU qW ko doS gun qhW Anusir hoN[
sMsy ko pRsn guxI Awid kvI hU pY kro myrI mq QorI iCmw jwicbo hI kir hoN[
bwlmIkI rwmwXx 7 kWfW ivc vMifAw hoieAw v`fw gRMQ hY, ijs dy kWf ivc keI-keI srg
(AiDAwey) hn[ ijnHW dI kul igxqI 659 hY[ CMdW dI igxqI cwr hzwr dy nyVy hY[ ieh gRMQ BweI sMqoK
isMG jI dy kQn Anuswr do vrS ivc iliKAw igAw sIiek iek idn mih srg iek krXo su CMdn mWih[
XW bnXo sqwb bhu, ibqy brs doie qWih[
jdoN ieh gRMQ sMpMn hoieAw qW kYQl irAwsq dy mhwrwjw BweI audy isMG jI dI Byt kIqw
igAw[ mhwrwjw swihb ny pUry gRMQ dw pwT krky mhwkvI nUM ipMf ‘morQlI’ ienwm ivc idqw[ kvI jI
rwmwXx ivc ilKdy hnsuMdr swdr gRMQ bnXo pd guMQq nO rs rIq BlI[
rwm kQw gun gRwm iBrwm mhW miq Dwm AnMd PlI[
rMjn hY BRm BMjn hY gm gMjn hY pRd igAwn blI[
kYQl nwQ pRsMn BXo pT gRwm dXo qb morQlI[
rwmwXx dy AwrMnX kWf ivc smwpqI ’qy gurU nwnk dyv jI dw mMgl ikqnI SrDw nwl krdy hnsRI gurU nwnk kIriq gnI kI syj suhwie Akws nhI[
CweI nIlWbr so nihM DÎwmqw pws ptwrI ncMd qhI[
qW mD imRgMmd dIsq hY n klMk insMk nhI[
hYN klkw mlkw kI ibKrI aufmwn pWq n jwnI shI[
ieh gRMQ hwlI qk ApRkwiSq hY[
gur pRqwp sUrj (1843 eI.) : ieh gRMQ ieiqhws, swih`q, kwvÎ, koS Awidk srb pRkwr dI ividAw,
bRhm ividAw, igAwn, ivigAwn, SwsqR-SsqR, mIrI-pIrI, BgqI-SkqI dw rqnwkr hY[ gur pRqwp
sUrj ivc kvI jI dIAw kwvÎ aufwrIAW, vrxn dI rOckqw, Sbd icqR pwTkW A`gy pRq`K mUrqImwn hoey
idsdy hn[ pkSIAW-ivpkSIAW dw Awcrx AiqAMq ÛbI nwl vrxn kIqw igAw hY[ gur pRqwp ivc
srb SwsqRW dw, srb ividAw dw igAwn Br idqw igAw hY[ ies gRMQ ivc kwvÎ dy Ej pRswid Awidk
gux, nv-rs, irqU vrxn, srb AlMkwr Aqy CMdW dI vrqoN smyN Anuswr kIqI hoeI hY[ klpnw, vlvly
dIAW aufwrIAW cikRq kr dyx vwlIAW hn[ gRMQ lyKk dI klw-kOSlqw Agy buDI ivsmX huMdI hY[ kvI
jI dw gur pRqwp sUrj scmuc siqgurW dy qp-qyj Aqy pRqwp dw sUrj hY[ siqgurW dy aupkwr, cirqR,
AdBuq kwrnwmy, ieiqhws, isKI mirXwdw, aupmw, ausqqI dw pRkwS kr irhw hY[
sRI gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ sMn 1834 eI. ivc ilKxw AwrMB kIqw Aqy sMn 1843 eI. ivc sMpMn
hoieAw[ kvI jI ny ‘sUrj’ Sbd nUM swrQk krn vwsqy ieh gRMQ 12 rwsW, Cy ru`qW, do AYn, Bwv kul 20
v`fy BwgW ivc vMifAw hY[ AiDAwvW nUM ‘AMsU’ dw nwm idqw hY[ ‘AMsU’ sUrj dIAW ikrxW nUM ikhw jWdw hY[
gur pRqwp sUrj ivc 1150 AMsU hn[ ‘gur pRqwp sUrj’ igAwn, ivigAwn, swih`q, kwvÎ, ieiqhws dw
srvoprI koS hY[
5
Awqm purwx (Anuvwd) : Awqm purwx sMsikRq gRMQ dw sÍqMqR Anuvwd sI jo BweI vIr isMG jI dy kQn
Anuswr vwrqk ivc sI[ ieh gRMQ hux guMm ho cukw hY[
pMifq Syr isMG jI nOrMgwbwd : pMifq Syr isMG jI nOrMgwbwd vwilAW ny ‘sRI bIr imRgys gur iblws
dyv qrU’ v`f AwkwrI gRMQ iliKAw hY[ ies ivc bwbw swihb isMG jI aUny vwly, bwbw bIr isMG jI
nOrMgwbwd vwly, BweI mhwrwj isMG jI Aqy bwbw Kudw isMG jI Awidk mhwpurKW dy jIvn aupkwr AMikq
hn[ ieh gRMQ vwrqk Aqy kivqw dw auqm nmUnw hY[ ieh gRMQ kRwaUn do vrkI sweIz dy sRI rwm purI
kwZz auqy gurmuKI ilpI ivc (24 puAwieMt) dy Awkwr ivc cwr ijldW 2188 pMinAW ivc Cp cukw hY[
pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm1 : Awp jI gurmiq isDWq, drSn, swihqÎ, ieiqhws, gurbwxI dy DurMDr
ivdvwn sn[ gurmiq drSn gurbwxI sMbMDI Awp jI ny dIrG idRStI nwl iliKAw hY[ Awp jI pMQ ivc
pihly ivdvwn sn, ijnHW ny ‘sRI gurmq inrxÎ swgr’ vrgw dwrSink gRMQ iliKAw[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb
jI dw pihlw ‘sRI guru igrwrQ koS’ iliKAw[ dyS dy swry gurdvwirAW dw ieiqhws ‘gur qIrQ sMgRh’
ivc AMikq kIqw[ gurdvwrw ‘hym kuMt’ dI Bwl Awp jI dI Koj dy AwDwr ’qy hI hoeI hY[ gurmuKI ivc
mUrDnI, qwlvI, dMqI, ksX, ryP Awidk vrn iqAwr krky ilpI nUM pUrn krn ivc Xogdwn pwieAw[
Awp jI gurbwxI dy Su`D SwsqRIX ArQW dy smrQk sn[ jd Awp jI nUM pqw lgw ik iek jrmn
ivdvwn fw. trMp gurbwxI dy p`KpwqI ArQ kr irhw hY qW ies dw Awp jI ny s^q ivroD kIqw, nwl
hI gurbwxI dy Su`D ArQ ilKx dw Xqn kIqw[ Awp jI ny hyT ilKy gRMQ ilKy hnsRI mokS pMQ pRkwS dw sÍXMpRBw ivvrx tIkw (1865 eI.) : pMifq gulwb isMG jI duAwrw ricq drSn dy
mhwn gRMQ mokS pMQ pRkwS ’qy Awp jI ny ‘sÍXMpRBw ivvrx’ nwmk tIkw kIqw hY[ mokS pMQ pRkwS nUM sMn
1778 eI. ivc pMifq gulwb isMG jI ny iliKAw[ 87 vrS mgroN pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm ny ‘sÍXMpRBw
ivvrx’ tIkw kIqw[ ieh tIkw 112 vrS ApRkwSq rihx qoN bwAd sMn 1977 eI. ivc sRI mhMq pMifq
sucw isMG jI ny dyvnwgrI ilpI ivc pRkwiSq kIqw[
surquru koS (1866 eI.) : ieh gRMQ pRwpq nhIN hY[ gurqIrQ sMgRh dy kQn Anuswr ies gRMQ ivc 4000
slok sn[
gurumq inrxÎ swgr (1877 eI.) : ieh gRMQ gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw, gurmiq isDWq nUM inrUpx krn vwlw
dwrSink gRMQ hY[ pMifq jI ny gurmiq isDWq bwry gMBIrqw nwl ivcwr kIqI hY[ ies qoN pihlW gurmiq
sMbMDI koeI dwrSink gRMQ auplbD nhIN sI[ gurmiq inrxÎ swgr srb p`KI ivcwr ivc BrpUr hY[ Awp
jI ny AiqAMq suMdr FMg nwl ies ivc ivSÎ/ivcwr dI ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ hr SMkw dw smwDwn kIqw hY[
gurmiq dy keI isDWqW ’qy pRSn krky ivsqwr pUrvk auqr idqy hn[ vwihgurU mMqR ’qy
ivsqwr pUrbk ivcwr krky ivAwkrx Anuswr ivauqpqI kFky SuD Aqy qwrk mMqR isD kIqw hY[
gurmiq inrxÎ swgr gurmiq gurbwxI pRvwh dw Aijhw smuMdr hY, ijs dy rqn rUpI cwr KMf
suSoiBq hn[ 31 aurmIAW/lihrW hn[ ijnHW ivc iBMn-iBMn ivSÎ vrxn kIqy hn[ ieh gRMQ rwey bhwdr
bUtw isMG rwvlipMfI vwilAW dy Xqn duAwrw sMn 1877 eI. ivc CipAw sI[
Akwl mUriq pRdrSn (1878 eI.)
tIkw gur Bwv dIpkw (1878 eI.) : ieh jpujI, Sbd hzwry, rihrws Aqy kIrqn sohly dw tIkw hY[
AwrMB ivc dsW gurUAW, sRI gurU gRMQ swihb Aqy Awpxy gurU dyv dw mMgl hY[ jpujI dI tIkw SbdwrQ
pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm dw jnm sMmq 1879 ib. (1822 eI.) nUM ipMf kwlmw, izlHw gurdwspur ivKy j`t (ikswn) pirvwr
ivc hoieAw[ 20 vrS dI AwXU ivc sMq gulwb isMG jI ipMf krwlw, izlHw huiSAwrpur sMpRdwie igVvVI vwilAW dy iSS bx gey[
1
6
BwvwrQ donHW mwDÎmW rwhIN kIqI hY[ ieh gRMQ sMn 1881 eI. ivc dIvwn bUtw isMG dy ‘XMqR AwPqwb pMjwb
pRYs lwhOr’ qoN ilQogRwPI ivc pRkwiSq hoieAw sI[ KunSvIs BweI hIrw isMG jI dmdmw swihb vwly sn[
Bgq bwxI dw tIkw (1882 eI.) : ieh tIkw 1907 eI. Cwpw tweIp munSI gulwb isMG dy muPId Awm pRYs
lwhOr ivc CipAw hY[ ies dy 520 pMny hn Aqy do pMny dI BUimkw hY[
gurqIrQ sMgRih (1883 eI.) : ies gRMQ ivc dsW gurUAW, swihbzwidAW, mwnnIX isK ShIdW dy sQwn
ShId gMj Aqy gurdvwirAW dw ieiqhws AMikq hY[ ieh mhwn rcnw hY jo gurdvwirAW sMbMDI
ieiqhwsk jwxkwrI idMdI hY[ jykr Awp ies gRMQ nUM smyN isr sMgRih nw krdy qW bhuq swry gurDwm
Alop ho jWdy Aqy keI imiQhwsk pRgt ho jWdy[ ieh gRMQ igAwn dw BMfwr hY[ gurdvwirAW dy ieiqhws
qoN ibnw gurU vMS dw ieiqhws, kSqRIAW, rwjpUqW dI jwqI bwry Koj, qIrQ XwqRw dw mhwqm, qIrQ XwqRw
krdy smyN inXmW dI pwlxw krnI Awidk vyrvy sihq drj hY[
hryk qIrQ sMbMDI rsqy, SihrW-ipMfW Aqy pRbMD bwry pUrw-pUrw ivvrx idqw hY[ ies gRMQ ivc
508 gurdvwirAW/qIrQW dw vrxn hY[ jo pujwrIAW ny AwpxI aupjIvkw vwsqy imiQhwsk klpy hn, aunHW
dw izkr nhIN kIqw igAw[
vrqmwn smyN sRI hym kuMt dI bVI pRisDI hY[ hym kuMt nUM Bwl ky pRgt krn vwly, hym kuMt dI
inSwn dyhI krn vwly, Awp jI sn[ mhwBwrq Awidk purwqn gRMQW dy hvwly dy ky hymkuMt dy sQwn nUM jn
swDwrx ivc pRisD kIqw[ hym kuMt (gMD mwdn) prbq dI BUgoilk pVcol kIqI, ijs dy pVHn qoN Awp
jI dy BUgol sMbMDI igAwn dw pqw lgdw hY[
gur qIrQ sMgRih pihlI vwr 1884 eI. ivc ilQogRwPI (pQr Cwpy) ivc pRkwiSq hoieAw sI[
isrI rwg dw tIkw (1885 eI.) : pMifq qwrw isMG jI ‘nroqm’ gurU gRMQ swihb dy tIky dI AwvSkqw nUM
smJdy sn[ aunHW dw ivcwr sI ik ijvyN vydW dw tIkw zrUrI hY, iesI qrHW gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw hoxw
zrUrI hY[ Awp jI dw ivcwr pUry gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw krn dw sI, pr kyvl isrI rwg qk hI tIkw
ho sikAw[ ies tIky qoN aunHW dI tIkwkwrI-klw dy pROF igAwn dw pqw lgdw hY[ ies tIky ivc smwDwn
auQwnkw sihq tIkwkwrI dy srv inXmW dI pwlxw kIqI hY[
guru igrwrQ koS (1889 eI.) : ieh gRMQ rqn sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw pihlw mukMml koS hY, ijs ivc
gurbwxI dy pd-pdwrQW dI spSt ivAwiKAw kIqI geI hY[ ieh srv-sRySt gRMQ A`j qoN iek sO vrS
pUrv iliKAw igAw sI[ ies dI ilKq qoN pMifq jI dI ivdvqw, lgn Aqy Gwlxw dw pqw lgdw hY[
ies gRMQ ivc keI nvyN vwDy hn[ vwrqk dI nvIn SYlI ivc auqrI Bwrq dw pihlw koS hY jo ik SbdW
dI ivAwiKAw audwhrx sihq krdw hY[ iksy-iksy Sbd dI ivAwiKAw Aiq ivsiqRq hY, ijvyN Awqmw,
isRStI, ihMdU Awidk Sbd hn[ CpweI moty A`KrW ivc ilQogRwPI (p`Qr dy Cwpy) dI hY[
pihlI sYNcI 702 pMny dI ‘x’ A`Kr qk, ‘inaU ieMpIrIAl pRYs lwhOr’ Aqy ‘rwijMdrw pRYs
pitAwlw’ ivc CpI hY[ ies sYNcI ivc 12 pMny dI BUimkw pVHn Xog hY[ dUjI sYNcI ‘q’ qoN ‘V’ A`Kr q`k
706 pMny dI hY jo ‘rwijMdrw pRYs pitAwlw’ ivc CpI hY[1 Awp jI dI kivqw dw nmUnw ies qrHW hY“suqy is`D su`D bu`D inqX inrivkwr rUp,
inrjur inrIh inrdoK inrwkwr hY[
AjY AibnwsI Awid AMiq sy ibhIn rUp,
AlK Apwr pwr inKl pswr hY[
1
vrqmwn smyN ieh gRMQ pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw qoN do-BwgW ivc pRkwiSq ho cukw hY[
7
eyk rUp eyk joiq eyk suK eyk Eq,
eyk inDI eyk dyv eykw eykMkwr hY[
vhI inj mwXw myN pswr joiq qIn rUp,
Dwrky khwXo igrw swr auAMkwr hY[”
pMifq jI sMsikRq dy AduqI ivdvwn huMdy hoey vI gRMQ rcnw gurmuKI ilpI ivc krdy sn[ Awp
jI ny dyvnwgrI ilpI dI qrHW SuD sÍr (Awvwz) aucwrx vwsqy gurmuKI ilpI ivc nvyN A`Kr vI bxwey
ijs qrHWË- ies sMsikRq dw † hY jo doË, BUËx, ivËX ivËyS Awid SbdW ivc vriqAw jWdw hY[
é- ieh sMsikRq dw @ hY, jo Aér, piréw, léx Awid SbdW ivKy vrqIdw hY[
-ieh isr pr lgny vwlw rwrw hY, jo A`Dy rwry dI dUjy A`Kr nwl imlky Awvwz idMdw hY,
XQw- svê, kmê, gvê, ccwê Awid[
ienHW DunIAW nUM Awp jI ny ‘guru igrwrQ koS’ ivc vriqAw hY[ BweI kwnH isMG jI nwBw ny
Awpxy gRMQW ivc ienHW nvyN A`KrW dw KulH ky pRXog kIqw hY[ ieh pMifq jI dI gurmuKI ilpI vwsqy dyx hY[
sRI pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm Awpxy smyN dy mhwn ivAwiKkwr sn[ Awp jI ny jIvn Br
gurmiq/gurbwxI dI Koj ivc smW ibqIq kIqw hY[ swrw jIvn gurmiq ivcwrDwrw nUM spSt krn ivc
lwieAw[ Awp jI ny idRVHqw nwl iliKAw hY ik gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw krnI, tIky krny, gurU ky isK dw
krq`vÎ hY[ so Awp jI ies bcn Anuswr gurU Gr dI syvw AMiqm sÍwsW qk krdy rhy[ Awp jI dy mhwn
aupkwr isK pMQ ivc siqkwr nwl Xwd kIqy jwxgy[
pMifq gurdIp isMG jI kysrI kwSI vwilAW ny Awp jI duAwrw ricq 19 gRMQW dI sUcI idqI hY[ s.
smSyr isMG jI ‘ASok’ ny 14 gRMQ dsy hn[ fw. rqn isMG ‘j`gI’ ny 10 gRMQW dI sUcI idqI hY[ vwsqv ivc
bhuq swry Aijhy lyK hn jo gurumq inrxÎ swgr dy AMq ivc AMikq hn[ ienHW nUM keI ivdvwnW ny do
vKry gRMQW dy rUp prvwn kIqw hY jo gurumq inrxÎ swgr dy piriSSt dy rUp ivc mgr AMikq hn[
igAwnI igAwn isMG jI1 : igAwnI igAwn isMG jI DurMDr ivdvwn, mhwn kvI Aqy ieiqhwskwr
sn[ Awp jI ny bRj BwSw ivc pRisD gRMQ ‘sRI gurU pMQ pRkwS’ mhw kwvÎ iliKAw hY[ pMjwbI vwrqk ivc
‘qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw’ AMikq kIqI hY[ nvIn pMjwbI vwrqk dy Awp jI moFI sn, jo inKrvIN SuD rUp ivc
bw-dlIl bw-qrqIb ilKI hY[ ijs nwl jn swDwrn pyNfU jnqw nUM Aiq lwB phuMicAw hY[ Awp jI dI
vwrqk ivc AwDuink SYlI dy swry lkSx ivdmwn hn[ vwrqk SYlI srb gux BrpUr hY, ijs ivc isK
ieiqhws nUM vyrvy sihq AMikq kIqw hY[ hr Gtnw nUM ivcwr qol ky iliKAw hY[ gurU nwnk dyv jI ny
swry Bwrq dySwtn kIqw pr gurU jI dy aupkwr, gurdvwirAW dw vrxn, purwqn gRMQW/jnm swKIAW ivc
bhuq Gt AwieAw hY[ igAwnI igAwn isMG jI ny sÍXM dys dw BRmx krky Anyk Akih-Asih kSt sih
ky gurU jI dy smUh sQwnW ’qy phuMcx dw Xqn kIqw Aqy bw-qrqIb BUgoilk rUp ivc gurU nwnk dyv jI
dI jIvn kQw ilKI[ nwl hI Bwrq dIAW Anyk jwqIAW dy rsmo irvwzW, Dwrimk ivSvwsW dw Koj pUrq
vrxn kIqw hY[ muK gl ieh hY ik igAwnI jI AMD-ivSvwsI nhIN sn[ Bwrq ivc Drm dy nwm hyT ho
rhIAW Anyk kurIqIAW dw aunHW ny ft ky KMfn kIqw hY[
Awp jI pihly ivdvwn sn, ijnHW ny dyS dy pusqkwlX Pol-Pol ky gur-ieiqhws dw mswlw
iekqR kIqw, ibrDW qoN jwxkwrI lY ky AMikq kIqI[ iksI ny kyvl dsW gurUAW qk iliKAw hY, iksI ny
1
ipqw- s. Bwg isMG jI ‘dult’, mwqw- dysW, jnm- 17 ApRYl 1822 eI., ipMf- lONgovwl (izlHw sMgrUr)[
8
bwbw bMdw isMG qk iksI ny imslW qk, iksI ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qk iliKAw hY[ pr igAwnI
igAwn isMG jI Aijhy mhwn ivdvwn hoey hn ijnHW ny sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI qoN lY ky 1920 eI. qk dw
pMj sO vrS dw ieiqhws ilK ky mhwn syvw kIqI hY[ pihlI vwr audwsIAW, inrmilAW, syvw pMQIAW,
inhMg isMGW, nwmDwrIAW Awidk Anyk sMpRdwvW dw ieiqhws ivsqwr pUrbk iliKAw hY[ ies hwl ivc
vI igAwnI igAwn isMG jI ny pihl krdy hoey pMjwb dy siBAwcwr rihx-sihx, rsmo-irvwz, Kwxpwn, ZmI-SwdI ’qy ivAwiKAw pUrbk ilKky disAw hY ik swfy vfyry iks siQqI ivc dI guzrdy hoey
hux qk phuMcy hn[ Awp ny iqMn sO qoN aupr isK GrwixAW dw ieiqhws vI iliKAw sI, jo guMm ho igAw
hY[ AMimRqsr Aqy lwhOr dI qvwrI^ vI (aurdU Aqy pMjwbI ivc) pihlI vwr Awp jI ny ilKI hY[ inhMg
isMGW dy boly pihlI vwr Awp jI ny iek`Ty krky ilKy hn[
vrqmwn ieiqhwskwrW nUM igAwnI jI dy ieiqhws qoN syD imldI hY[ koeI ieiqhwskwr igAwnI
jI dIAW ilKqW vwcy ibnw ilKx dw dwAvw nhIN kr skdw[ ieiqhws dy ividAwrQI igAwnI jI dy sdw
irxI rihxgy[ igAwnI jI ny hyT ilKy gRMQW dI rcnw kIqIsRI gur pMQ pRkwS (1880 eI.) : ieh gRMQ bRj BwSw dw AduqI mhwkwvÎ, isK ieiqhws dw pRmwxIk Aqy
swihqÎk guxW nwl ivBUSq ieiqhws hY[ isK swihqÎ ivc ‘gur pRqwp sUrj’ nUM Cf ky Ajyhw hor gRMQ
idRStI gocr nhIN huMdw[ ihMdI swihqÎ dy ivdvwn ies mhwkwvÎ ’qy rSk krdy hn[ ieh gRMQ sMmq
1925 ib. ivc smwpq hoieAw[ ies gRMQ dI pihlI Cwp ivc 65 ibsRwm (AiDAwey) Aqy 715 pMny sn[
pRkwSq hox dI iqiQ tweItl ’qy ies qrHW ilKI hY- SuB sMmq nwnk SwhI 411 sMmq 1936 ib. muqwibk
sMn 1880 eI. sRI guru pMQ pRkwS dI pihlI Cwp hwPz AzIz dIn dy pRbMD ivc mrqbw murqzubI idlI
’c ilQogRwPI ivc CpI[
qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw : ijvyN pMQ pRkwS bRj BwSw swihqÎ ivc AduqI mhwkwvÎ hY, iesI qrHW qvwrI^ gurU
Kwlsw (pMj Bwg) TyT pMjwbI ivc ApUrv rcnw hY[ igAwnI igAwn isMG jI AwDuink pMjwbI vwrqk dy
ipqwmh hn[ Awp jI ny pMjwbI vwrqk ivc gur ieiqhws ilKky Swndwr syvw kIqI hY[ qvwrI^ gurU
Kwlsw ny hzwrW ivAkqIAW nUM gurisKI nwl joiVAw hY[ qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw dw pihlw Bwg sMn 1891
eI. ivc mqbw sRI gurU goibMd isMG pRYs, isAwlkot (pwiksqwn) ivc 18¿22¿4 Awkwr dy 361 pMinAW
’c ilQogRwPI ivc CipAw sI[ ies Bwg ivc gurU nwnk dyv jI dI pUrn jIvn kQw hY[
smSyr Kwlsw : ilQogRwPI (pQr dy Cwpy) ivc 18¿22¿4 dy Awkwr ’c 117 pMny hn[ mqbw sRI gurU
goibMd isMG pRYs isAwlkot ivc sMn 1892 eI. ivc CipAw[ ies gRMQ ivc bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dy
hwlwq, isMGW dIAW ShIdIAW, mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy rwj qk dw ieiqhws hY[
rwj Kwlsw : ieh gRMQ Cwpw p`Qr ‘pKwx XMqR sRI gurU goibMd isMG pRYs’ byr bwbw nwnk isAwlkot ivc
sMn 1894 nUM CipAw[ ies gRMQ dy 528 pMny hn[ imslW, PUlkIAW irAwsqW dy hwlwq, mhwrwjw rxjIq
isMG Aqy mgroN dw ieiqhws AMikq hY[
srdwr Kwlsw, pMQ Kwlsw : ieh gRMQ guMm ho gey hn[
sRI gur purb pRkwS : ieh bRj kwvÎ ivc iliKAw gRMQ hY, jo sMmq 1923 ib. ivc iliKAw igAw sI[ 18
vrS mgroN mqbw sRI Akwl XMqR suDwsr (AMimRqsr) ’c 21 mwG 1940 ib. nUM CipAw sI[ ies gRMQ dy
20¿26¿8 Awkwr dy 80 pMny hn[ gurU swihbwn dy Avqwr Aqy joqI-joiq smwaux dy prv AMikq hn[
kivqw pRBwvSwlI hY[
dUsrw gur purb pRkwS Awp jI ny vwrqk ivc AMikq kIqw hY, jo TyT pMjwbI ivc hY[ ies gRMQ ivc
gurU swihbwn dy aupkwrW bwry AiqAMq suMdr lyK ilKy hn, jo kQwkwrW lYkcrwrW vwsqy lwBdwiek hn[
9
inrml pMQ pRdIpkw : inrml ByK bwry ieko-iek pihlw pRmwixk gRMQ hY, jo sMn 1891 eI. ivc mqbw
gurU goibMd isMG pRYs byr bwbw nwnk isAwlkot ivc CipAw hY[ 20¿26¿8 Awkwr dy 100 pMny hn[ ieh
swD BwSw vwrqk ivc hY[ igAwnI jI ny ‘inrml pMQ gur pRxwlkw ivRkS’ vI pihlI vwr sMgRih kIqw
hY[ ijs ivc inrml ByK dIAW SwKW/sMpRdwvW dy szry AMikq hn[ inrml ByK bwry ‘inrml pRBwkr’
gRMQ vI Awp jI ny iliKAw sI, jo guMm ho igAw hY[
Kwlsw Drm piqq pwvn : ieh gRMQ sMmq 1951 ib. ivc iliKAw igAw Aqy sMn 1895 eI. ivc
pRkwiSq hoieAw[ ies gRMQ nUM ‘suDI sBw’ lwhOr ny iqAwr krvwieAw sI, jo ‘AYNglo sMsikRq pRYs’ lwhOr
ivKy 18 puAwieMt dy A`KrW ivc 20¿26¿16 Awkwr dy 138 pMinAW ivc CipAw[ ies gRMQ dw ivSw
Awpxy Awp ivc AduBuq hY, ijs ivc Anyk jwqIAW dI auqpqI dw vrxn hY[ muslmwnW nUM AMimRq Ckw ky
pMQ ivc Swml krn dy pRmwx Awidk Anyk ieiqhws q`Q AMikq hn[
ieiqhws irAwsq bwgVIAW : ieh gRMQ kivqw ivc hY, ijs ivc BweI rUp cMd jI dI ‘BweI kI bMs’ dw
pRmwixk ieiqhws iliKAw hY[ ieh gRMQ ‘gurmiq pRYs’ AMimRqsr ivc 20¿26¿8 Awkwr dy 160 pMinAW
ivc ApRYl 1917 eI. ivc CipAw hY[
sRI BUipMdrwnMd : ieh gRMQ sRI gurmiq pRYs AMimRqsr ivc 20¿26¿8 dy Awkwr dy 110 pMinAW ivc ApRYl
1917 eI. ivc CipAw sI[ ies gRMQ ivc mhwrwjw BUipMdr isMG jI pitAwlw pqI dw AnMd-kwrj Aqy isK
pMQ vwsqy AnMd-kwrj dI ivDI gurmiq rhu-rIqW dw ieiqhwisk pRmwxW duAwrw vrxn kIqw igAw hY[
sRI irpudmn pRkwS : ieh gRMQ BUipMdrw styt pitAwlw ivKy 20¿26¿8 Awkwr dy 190 pMinAW ivc sMn
1919 eI. nUM CipAw sI[ iesdy 5 Bwg hn[ ies gRMQ ivc dsm gurU jI Aqy isK pMQ bwry iliKAw hY[
ieh gRMQ pMjwb XUnIvristI dy buDImwnI, ivdvwnI Aqy igAwnI dy kors bwry iqAwr kIqw igAw sI[
qvwrI^ sRI AMimRqsr : ieh gRMQ gurU Kwlsw pRYs AMimRqsr ivKy 24 puAwieMt dy A`KrW ivc pRkwSq
hoieAw hY[ ies gRMQ dy 17¿27¿8 Awkwr dy 288 pMny hn[
qvwrI^ sRI AMimRqsr (aurdU) BUipMdrw styt pRYs pitAwlw ivKy 20¿26¿8 Awkwr dy 112
pMinAW ivc 1919 eI. nUM CpI hY[ ieh AMimRqsr bwry Koj pUrq gRMQ hY[
kQw pUrnmwSI : ies ivc bwrW puMinAW bwry kQw kivqw ivc vrxn kIqI hoeI hY[ ieh gRMQ AdlwbdlI nwl keI vwr CwipAw jw cukw hY[
gurDwm sMgRih : ieh gRMQ ‘BUipMdrw styt pRYs, pitAwlw’ ivKy sMn 1921 eI. ivc CipAw hY[ iesdy
20¿26¿8 dy Awkwr pMny hn[ ies gRMQ ivc siqgurW dy aupkwr Aqy isK pMQ dw XS vrxn kIqw igAw
hY[ isK-pMQ sMbMDI bhuq hI bwrIkI Aqy ivvyk buDI nwl iliKAw igAw hY[ bRj BwSw ivc kivqw dy
Anyk cmqkwr ivKwey gey hn[ igAwnI igAwn isMG jI nUM kivqw dI dwq Dur drgwhoN imlI hoeI sI[
auh CMd-SwsqR, swihqÎ dy srv-gux sMpMn ivdvwn sn[ Awp jI BwrqIX ieiqhws, swihqÎ, drSn dy
AduqI igAwqw sn[
pMifq inhwl isMG jI : inhwl isMG nwm dy keI ivdmwn inrml ByK ivc hoey hn, ijnHW dw inrxY
krn ivc ivdvwn vI BulyKw Kw jWdy hn[ AsIN swirAW dw vrxn iek QW vyrvy sihq krdy hW1. pMifq inhwl isMG jI1 : Awp jI ny sMn 1765 eI. ivc jpu gUFwrQ dIpkw (jpujI sMsikRq) gurU
goibMd isMG jI qoN kyvl 57 vrS mgroN iliKAw[
1
sMpRdwie- kwSI, ividAw gurU pMifq s`dw jI kwSI[
10
2. pMifq inhwl isMG1 : Awp jI ny iqMn gRMQ ‘Akwl nwtk’, ‘isKI pRBwkr’ Aqy ‘inrml pRBwkr’ Ej
pUrx kivqw ivc ilKy hn[ purwqn isKW ivc Awp jI dI kivqw dw bhuq siqkwr sI[
3. Twkr inhwl isMG2 : Awp jI ny jwp swihb dw 'ckRDr cirqR cwr cMdRkw’ tIkw kIqw hY[ ieh
ivsiqRq ivAwiKAwqimk gRMQ 600 pMny dw hY[ BwvyN ieh gurmuKI ilpI ivc pRkwiSq hoieAw hY, pr
BwSw bVI kiTn hY[ ivdvwnW dy ivcwrnXog hY[ ies tIky ivc AMikq kIqI geI kivqw vI by-imswl
Aqy mhwn hY[ ieh kivqw ihMdI dy auc-kotI dy kvIAW qoN iksy qrHW vI Gt nhIN hY[ jwp swihb dw
tIkw sMmq 1955 ib. (sMn 1898 eI.) ivc AYNglo sMsikRq pRYs, lwhOr qoN CipAw hY[ ieh vI pqw lgw
hY ik Awp jI ny jpujI dw tIkw vI kIqw sI[ hyT ilKy do gRMQ hor Awp jI vloN ilKy gey hn- Kwlsw
S`qk sMsikRq, guriblws gurU goibMd isMG swihb (ApRkwiSq)[ Awp jI dI kivqw dI SYlI ies qrHW
hY, ijs ivc gurbwxI mhwqm ieauN AMikq hY :
qyj BrI, SWiq BrI, dYvI gun pWiq BrI,
AwCI bhu BWqI BrI, gÎwn ky smwj kI[
eIs guxw vwd BrI, vyd kI mRXwd BrI,
AMimRq so sÍwd BrI, r`Ck hY lwj kI[
Bwv BrI Bgiq BrI, Ej BrI Skiq BrI,
BwrI Anurkq BrI, DÍMisnI kupwj kI[
rwg BrI Xog BrI, Bwg BrI Bog BrI,
puMn mY pRXog bwxI, gRMQ mhwrwj kI[12[
4. pMifq inhwl isMG kvINdR : pMifq inhwl isMG jI dw invws AMimRqsr sohlW vwly buMgy ivc sI[ Awp jI
ieiqhws, imiQhws, vydWq, gurbwxI, CMd SwsqR dy pRisD ivdvwn sn[ pMjwbI, ihMdI, bRj, sMsikRq dy
mhwn pMifq sn[ Awp jI ny kul 12 rcnwvW ilKIAW hn[ kvINdR-pRkwS ivc swirAW dw sMgRih hY[
vwrqk vI ilKI hY, AwpxI kuJ inj-rcnw dw tIkw vI kIqw hY[ Awp jI dy gRMQW dw vyrvw ies qrHW hY :
kvINdR pRkwS : ieh AxCpI rcnw hY[ ies gRMQ ivc dsm gurU jI, swihbzwidAW Aqy dUsry gurU
swihbwn dy aupkwrW nUM vrxn kIqw hY[ hor vI Anyk kvIAW dI kivqw ies sMgRih ivc Swiml kIqI
geI hY[ jo CMd pMifq inhwl isMG jI ny Awp ilKy hn, aunHW aupr ‘nvIn’ Sbd sMkyq hY[
sRI vydWqI bwrHWmwh : ies rcnw ivc kul 13 pd hn[ vrS dy 12 mhIinAW qoN ibnw qyrHvW mhInw
lONg dw vI rìKAw hY[ vrS dw AwrMB cyqR dy mhIny qoN kIqw hY[
KOVs iqQW vydWqI : ies rcnw ivc 16 pd hn[ hryk CMd 36 mwqRW dw hY[ ies ivc vydWq dw
inrUpx kIqw igAw hY[
sRI mhWvwk pRkwS gRMQ : ieiqhwsk idRStI qoN ies gRMQ dw ivSyS mh`qv hY[ ies gRMQ ivc inrml
pMQ dw sMprk dsmyS ipqw jI nwl joiVAw hY[ ‘mokS pMQ pRkwS’ dy lyKk pMifq gulwb isMG jI dy gurU
pMifq mwn isMG jI nUM dsm gurU jI dy isKW ivcoN disAw jWdw hY[ ‘mokS pMQ pRkwS’ dw CMd rUpWqr vI
Awp jI ny kIqw hY[ ies gRMQ nUM AwpxI kivqw dÍwrw suKYn krn dw Xqn kIqw hY[
sRI Bv swgr syqu : ies gRMQ ivc vydWq dw vrxn hY[ jIv, bRhm dI eykqw dw vrxn, vydWq Anuswr
hI sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI bwxI pVcol krn dw pRXqn kIqw hY[
1
2
sMpRdwie- nOrMgwbwd, ividAw gurU- pMifq Syr isMG jI[
sMpRdwie- Twkr idAwl isMG, ipMf- Qohw Kwlsw[
11
sRI dohrw BydwvlI : dohrw CMd dy Anyk rUpW dI ivAwiKAw Aqy sMgRih krn vwsqy ihMdI rIqI kwl dy
kvIAW dy gRMQW dI shwieqw nwl CMd SwsqR dw gRMQ (ipMgl) iqAwr kIqw hY[
sqvwr vydWqI : ies ivc h&qy dy s`q idnW dÍwrw vydWq Anuswr is~iKAw idqI hY[
suDwsrI Sqk pcIsw : ieh rcnw sMn 1863 eI. dI hY[ ies gRMQ ivc sRI hirmMdr jI, suDwsr srovr
AMimRqsr dI ausqqI 125 pdW ivc vrxn kIqI hY[
sRI muhwrnI kI dohw BydwvlI : ies gRMQ ivc Anyk pRkwr dy CMdW dI jwxkwrI idqI hY[ gurU goibMd
isMG jI dI bwxI dÍwrw Awpxy p`K nUM spSt kIqw hY[
sRI vrxI sÍXy BydvlI : ies rcnw ivc svYXy dy Anyk Byd vrxn kIqy gey hn[
sRI kvINdR kivqwvlI : ies rcnw ivc pRSn-auqr dy rUp ivc kib`q CMd dy Anyk Byd d`sy hn[ ies
gRMQ dy do Bwg hn[
inRpKvwk : ies ivc kul A`T pd hn[
pMifq inhwl isMG jI kvINdR srv p`KI ivdvwn sn[ Awp jI ny ieiqhws, imiQhws, CMd
SwsqR, vydWq, gurmiq Aqy vrqmwn aupr Xogqw nwl iliKAw hY[ bRj BwSw ivc ilKx vwly mhwn
kvI sn[ ihMdI dy rIqI kwl dy kvIAW ivc Awp jI dI swihqÎk syvw nUM BulwieAw nhIN jw skdw[
inrml ByK dy pRis`D ivdvwn sn[ inrmly sMq hox ’qy Awp jI nUM mwx sI[
5. pMifq inhwl isMG jI kwSI1 : Awp jI ny AwXurvYidk bwry hyT ilKy gRMQ ilKky pRkwiSq kIqy hncwr bwl kI cONkVI, cwr nwr kI cONkVI, cwr mrd kI cONkVI, cwr PkIroN kI cONkVI[ ieh
AwXurvYidk dy gRMQ hn, ijnHW aupr aurdU-&wrsI dI SbdwvlI dw kw&I pRBwv hY[
pMifq swDU isMG jI pitAwly vwly : pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm dy gur BweI, sRI mhMq pMifq swDU
isMG jI pitAwly vwly gurmiq/gurbwxI dy tIkwkwr, ivAwiKAw krn vwly mhwn ivdvwn hoey hn[ Awp
jI ny ieh gRMQ AMikq kIqy hn- gurmiq isiKAw pRBwkr, gur isDWq jXoqI, sRI muK isDWq jXoqI, ibRqI
dIpkw Aqy pWc koS ivvyk, isrI rwg dw tIkw, dyv pMQ pRdIpkw, dyv gurU gRMQ isDWq riv, auQwnkw sRI
gurU gRMQ swihb jI kI, gMg XqI indwn (cikiqsw bwry)[ pMifq swDU isMG jI vI gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw
ilKx dw ivcwr rKdy sn[ Awp dw isrI rwg qk tIkw hoieAw imldw hY[
igAwnI bdn isMG jI tIkwkwr2 : ijvyN jrmnI dy fw. trMp dy ivroD ivc pMifq qwrw isMG jI ny
gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw ilKxw AwrMB kIqw sI, iesI qrHW mhwrwjw ibkRm isMG jI vwlIey PrIdkot ny
fw. trMp dy tIky nwl AishmqI pRgt krky aus smyN dy gurbwxI dy mhwn ivdvwn/kQwkwr igAwnI bdn
isMG jI syKvW vwilAW nUM tIkw krn dI pRwrQnw kIqI[ igAwnI jI ny ieh ieiqhwsk kwrj (sRI gurU gRMQ
swihb jI dw PrIdkotI tIkw) sMn 1877 eI. ivc AwrMB krky sMn 1883 eI. ivc sMpMn kIqw[ aupRMq
bwbw sumyr isMG jI mhMq q^q hirmMdr ptnw swihb dI pRDwngI ivc BweI hirBjn isMG jI igAwnI
AMimRqsr, BweI sMq isMG jI igAwnI kpUrQlw styt, BweI JMfw isMG jI igAwnI nwnkXwxw (sMgrUr),
BweI rwey isMG jI igAwnI jMgIrwxw, BweI iDAwn isMG jI igAwnI syKvW, pMifq hmIr isMG jI sMsikRqI,
pMifq bwlk rwm jI sMsikRqI, bwbw bKqwvr isMG jI igAwnI, A`T igAwnI/ivdvwnW dI kmytI kwiem
kIqI geI[ tIky dI suDweI q^q hirmMdr swihb ptnw ivKy kIqI geI Aqy pRkwiSq krn dI pRvwngI
leI geI[
1
2
ividAw gurU- sRI mhMq pMifq aUDv isMG jI, sMpRdwie- kwSI[
ipqw- s. kwlw isMG brwV, ipMf- dwrwpur, gurU- mhMq nwrwiex isMG, fyrw/sMpRdwie- syKvW[
12
tIkw ilKy jwx qoN bwAd mhwrwjw ibkRm isMG jI s`cKMf isDwr gey[ ies tIky dy iqMn Bwg
mhwrwjw blbIr isMG jI dy smyN Aqy cOQI ijld mhwrwjw bRijMdr isMG jI dy smyN pRkwiSq hoeI[
ieh tIkw swD BwSw ivc, pRSnoqrI rUp ivc hY[ swry SbdW dI auQwnkw idqI hoeI hY[ ieh
tIkw PrIdkotI tIky dy nwm nwl ivSv ivAwiKAwq hY[ inrml ByK nUM mwx hY ik ByK ny AwpxI prMprw
nUM kwiem rKdy hoey sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw tIkw krn ivc pihl kIqI hY[
pMifq dyvw isMG jI dyvpurw hirdvwr1 : pMifq dyvw isMG jI dyvpurw AwSRm hirdvwr vwilAW ny hyT
ilKy gRMQ AMikq kIqy hn- ADÎwqm AnuBv ivvyk (nr isMG dws AMimRqsr ivc 1905 eI. nUM pRkwiSq
hoieAw), jpu pRdIp (lwhOr qoN pRkwiSq), isD gosit (Akwl pRYs lwhOr qoN 1865 eI. nUM pRkwiSq), supn
ivcwr, Pnwh dw mkwn, imRqÎU icMn pRdIpkw, pYNqIs AKrI, gurbwxI dy kTn pdW dy pirAwey[
tIky ivc Awp jI ny ieh vI disAw hY ik sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI bwxI dw ApUrv ivcwr
krnw cwhIdw hY[ pihly khy ArQ nwl ivroD nw hovy[ jy pihly hor ivcwr hY Agy hor Bwv pRgt hovy qW
gRMQ jW tIkw pRmwxIk nhIN hovygw[ ieh gRMQ bwl mukMd pRYs vCovwlI lwhOr ivc sMmq 1956 ib. (1899
eI.) ivc CipAw sI[
Awp jI ny jpujI swihb dy do tIky kIqy hn, pihlw ‘jpu pRdIp’ ivdvwnW vwsqy, dUsrw ‘sugm
jpu pRdIp’ jn swDwrx (QoVHy pVHy) lokW vwsqy[ jo sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy pirAwey bxwey hn, ‘sugm
jpu pRdIp’ aunHW ivc vI Swiml kr idqw hY[
‘cMfI dI vwr’ dI pihlI pauVI jo isK pMQ dI Ardws dw muK ihsw hY[ ies pauVI ivc Awey
‘BgauqI’ Sbd dw ArQ Awp jI ny pwrbRhm, prmySÍr, vwihgurU kIqw hY[ dlIl nwl smJwieAw hY ik
klgIDr sÍwmI ny ‘KMfw pRQmy swj kY ijn sB sYswr aupwieAw’ dI pauVI dy AMq dI pMkqI ivc iliKAw
hY, ‘qY hI durgw swij kY dYqW dw nwsu krwieAw’[ ieQy ‘BgauqI’ dw ArQ bRhmwidk, durgwidk,
dyviqAW dw krqw pwrbRhm kIqw hY[ ikauNik durgw/BgauqI qW dUsrI BgauqI nUM pYdw nhIN kr skdI,
ies vwsqy srbq (dyvI-dyviqAW) dw krqw vwihgurU hY[
mihmw SwhI sMpRdwie dw swihq : mihmw SwhI inrml ByK dI pRmuK sMpRdwie hY[ ies sMpRdwie dy
mhwpurKW ny ijQy nwm-bwxI, kQw-kIrqn, syvw ismrn, Drm pRcwr, ividAw pRcwr ivc Akih ihsw
pwieAw hY, auQy bhuq swrI kivqw/bwxI dI rcnw vI kIqI hY[ BwvyN inrml ByK dy sMq, kwvÎ dI rcnw
bRj BwSw ivc krdy sn, pr mihmw SwhI sMqW ny TyT pMjwbI ivc iliKAw hY, jo gurbwxI dI SYlI dy nyVy
hY[ ijvyN smkwlI sUPI pMjwbI kvI sIhrPI pYNqIs AKrI, ptI, sqvwry, bwrW mwhw, kwPI, dvYXw, bYNq
Awidk rUp/CMd vrqdy sn[ mihmw SwhI sMqW ny vI swry rUp/CMd vrqy hn[ ies qoN ibnw kwPI rcnw
rwgW ivc vI kIqI hY[ mihmw SwhI sMqW dw ieh AiDAwqimk gRMQ ApRkwiSq hY[ ijs ivc hyT ilKy 8
mhwpurKW dI rcnw hY- sMq mohr isMG jI mihmwSwh, sMq bIr isMG jI rMgryj, sMq KUbidAwl isMG jI,
sMq mn msqwn isMG jI, sMq BUpwl isMG jI, sMq mwn isMG jI, sMq KuShwl isMG jI Aqy sMq by pRvwh
jI[
mhMq gnySw isMG jI : mhMq gnySw isMG jI AxQ`k lyKk, sMpwdk Aqy tIkwkwr sn[ srb p`KI
igAwn dy sÍwmI sn[ Awp jI ny ieiqhws, swihqÎ, vydWq, gurbwxI, AwXurvYidk aupr Anyk gRMQW dI
rcnw kIqI hY Aqy Anyk tIky kIqy hn[ Awp jI AwpxI swihqÎk rcnw dy kwrx sdw Amr rihxgy[
‘Bwrq m`q drpx’ Awp jI dI pMjwbI swihqÎ ivc ivlkSx pusqk hY[ ijs dy pVHn qoN pqw lgdw hY
1
ipMf- bIrvl, izlHw Swhpur (pwiksqwn), gurU- bwbw imSrw isMG jI, sMpRdwie- Twkur idAwl isMG jI[
13
ik Awp jI dw igAwn/AiDAYn ikqnw mhwn Aqy ivSwl sI[ Awp jI ny hyT ilKy 23 gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI
hY- Bwrq m`q drpn, ieiqhws inrml ByK, swKI pRmwx, inrml pRboD, inrml vYd, vYidk BMfwr,
drbwr gweIf, nnkwxw swihb gweIf, iesqRI cikqsw, Kwlsw ivvwh pDqI, sMDXw pDqI, jybI vYd,
AiDAwqm pRkwS stIk, stIk pMj gRMQI, slok shsikRqI smyq gwQw stIk, suKmnI swihb stIk,
jpujI stIk, myG ibnod pRkwS stIk, gMg XqI indwn stIk, rihrws stIk, ivAwDI ivnwsk tIkw,
bwl cikqsw Aqy sÍr drpn[
sMq sMpUrx isMG jI : sMq sMpUrx isMG jI pRis`D vYd BweI mohn isMG jI qrnqwrnI dy Brw sn[ Awp
jI gurbwxI Aqy gur ieiqhws dy mhwn ivdvwn sn[ Awp jI ny ienHW 21 gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI- gurmq
isDWq bXog (1913 eI.), gurmq isDWq Xog (1913 eI.), iksmq dw DnI (1917 eI.), aunqI dw mwrg
(1919 eI.), isK iks nUM AwKdy hn ? (1919 eI.), sPl jIvn BweI jYml isMG jI vYd (1919 eI.),
AkwlI XoDw (1922 eI.), igAwn mwrg (1922 eI.), suDrm mwrg gRMQ (1923 eI.), lYkcr ivAiKAwn
swgr (1923 eI.), isKI jIvn (1926 eI.), isDWq boDnI tIkw (1927 eI.), jIvn BweI gurdws jI
(1930 eI.), gur pd pRboD (1932 eI.), rihqnwmy (1946 eI.), Bgq bwxI mrm boDnI tIky smyq
(1955 eI.), mOj sdw nMdI, mOq rhsÎ, sRI AnMd Bwskr, AwdrS dyvI, jIvn gwQw (sÍY jIvnI)[
pRwx sMglI Awp jI ny iqMn BwgW ivc dyvnwgrI ilpI ivc sMpwdq kIqI hY jo BweI mohn isMG
jI vYd qrn qwrnI ny mhWbIr ipRMitMg pRYs lwhOr qoN sMn 1901 eI. ivc pRkwiSq kIqI sI[
sMq ivswKw isMG jI ikSnpurw klW : sMq ivswKw isMG jI ipMf ikSnpurw klW, (ijlHw mogw) vwilAW
ny 3 ijldW ivc v`f AkwrI ‘mwlvw ieiqhws’ 20¿26¿9 sweIz ivc ieiqhwsk gRMQ ilKky pRkwiSq
kIqw hY[ ieh kyvl mwlvy dw hI nhIN pUry pMjwb dw ieiqhws hY[ ieh srb p`KI igAwn dw ^zwnw hY[
AwrIAw, AnwrIAw jwqIAW, dyvwsur sMgRwm qoN lY ky vyd rcnw dw smW, ihMdU rwj, ieslwmI rwj, isK
gurUAW, imslW, isK sMpRdwvW, gurduvwirAW, isMG sBw lihr, gurduvwrw suDwr lihr, AkwlI lihr,
bbr AkwlI lihr, Zdr pwrtI, kwmwgwtw mwrU jhwz dy hwlwq, dyS BgqW, ShIdW, sMqW, mhMqW,
ivdvwnW dy jIvn AMikq hn[ ieh gRMQ iqMn ijldW ivc hYpihlw Bwg (14 sqMbr 1954 eI.) pMny 556
dUsrw Bwg (14 sqMbr 1854 eI.) pMny 600
qIsrw Bwg (24 PrvrI 1959 eI.) pMny 776
ies gRMQ ivc 156 pMny dI BUimkw pVHn Xog hY jo DurMDr ivdvwn pMifq krqwr isMG dwKw ny
ilKI hY[ kul 2200 pMny dw mhwn gRMQ hY[ sMq ivswKw isMG jI ny ieh gRMQ ilK ky mhwn kMm kIqw hY[
ApUrv igAwn dw somw hY[ pMjwb dw srb p`KI koS hY[ sMq ivswKw isMG jI dy hor ilKy gRMQ ieh hnsrIrk isiKAw, sMq ispwhI, pMgqI pRmwx, sRI dsmyS dIAW dulwrIAW, pYNqI rogW dw ielwz[
mhMq idAwl isMG jI : sRI mwn mhMq idAwl isMG jI lwhOr vwilAW ny pUry inrml ByK dw ieiqhws
‘inrml pMQ drSn’ ilK ky ByK auqy mhwn aupkwr kIqw hY[ ies gRMQ dy cwr Bwg hn[ pihlw Bwg 511
pMinAW dw sMmq 2009 ib. ivc pRkwiSq hoieAw, dUjw Bwg 512 pMny dw gurU rwmdws ipRMitMg pRYs,
AMimRqsr qoN sMmq 2020 ib. ivc CipAw hY[ qIsrw Bwg 555 pMny dw hY[ cOQw Bwg 588 pMny dw
rIpbilk ipRMitMg pRYs, AMimRqsr qoN sMn 1965 eI. ivc pRkwiSq kIqw[ inrml ByK aupr iek hor Koj
pUrq gRMQ ‘bwby nwnk dw inrml pMQ’ iliKAw jo ikrpw rwm pRYs, lwhOr qoN 1935 ivc CipAw hY[
‘igAwn BUimkw’ ijs ivc pRBU pRwpqI dy s`q pVwau vrxn kIqy hn, sMn 1949 eI. ivc CwpI geI[
14
‘irSIkyS BUSx’ pRis`D ivrkq sRI mwn sÍwmI hIrw lwl jI dw jIvn pMjwbI bYNqW ivc 1924 eI. ivc
pRkwiSq kIqw sI[ mhMq idAwl isMG jI dI inrml ByK sMbMDI swihqÎk syvw vrxnXog hY[
mhMq idAwl isMG jI dy iSS sMq rwijMdr isMG jI SwsqRI shwiek inrdySk BwSw ivBwg ny
‘jOn fosn’ dI AMgryzI pusqk ‘ihMdU klwsIkl ifkSnrI’ dw ‘ihMdU imiQhws koS’ nwm hyT Anuvwd kIqw
jo BwSw ivBwg pMjwb ny sMn 1963 eI. ivc pRkwiSq kIqw hY[
pMifq hrdyv isMG : pMifq hrdyv isMG jI irSIkyS vwilAW ny ‘nwrwiex hrI aupdyS’ mhwn gRMQ
iliKAw hY[ ies gRMQ ivc Awp ny Awpxy pUjÎ mhwpurK sRI mwn pMifq nwrwiex isMG jI dy jIvn
cirqR/aupdyS AMikq kIqy hn[ ieh gRMQ SuB aupdySW dw ^zwnw Aqy pd-pdwrQW dw BMfwr hY[ ieh ihMdI
Aqy pMjwbI donHW BwSwvW ivc pRkwiSq ho cukw hY[
pMifq eISÍr isMG jI kwSI : Awp srv-drSnwcwrXw, srv-p`KI ivdvwn hoey hn[ Awp jI ny pMj
gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI hY- gurmq idgivjX, buDI bwriD, vwihgurU mMqRwrQ (gurmuKI), gurU mMqRwrQ pRkwS
(sMsikRq), sÍY supn nwtk[
Awp jI gurU mMqRwrQ pRkwS (sMsikRq) dI BUimkw ivc gRMQ ilKx dw kwrn dsdy hoey ilKdy hn
ik ihMdU Drm, bRwhmxW, sMinAwsIAW, bYrwgIAW Awidk ivdvwn pMifqW ivc ieh ikMqU auTdw rihMdw sI
ik ‘vwihgurU’ mMqR mokS dwqw nhIN hY[ mokS rwm, ikRSnwidk mMqRW duAwrw hI ho skdI hY[ ies ivSy ’qy
Awp jI nwl kwSI, nwisk, AwXuiDAw, pRXwgrwj Awidk qIrQW, kuMB prvW aupr SwsqRwrQ hoey[
SwsqRwrQ smyN Awp jI ny vwihgurU mMqR nUM srv iSromxI qwrk (mokSdwqw) isD krky ivpkSIAW dy
ikMqU-pRMqU nUM ^qm kr idqw[
Awp jI ny iek XukqIvwk ikhw hY ik rwm nOmI nUM sRI rwm cMdR jI dw jnm hoieAw sI[ BwdroN
dI AStmI nUM sRI ikRSn jI dw jnm hoieAw ikMqU ijsdw jnm nhIN, vMS nhIN jo mrn ivc nhIN AwauNdw
jo sdYv hY, so ‘vwihgurU’[ ies mMqR dw iehu ArQ hY[
AsIN pMifq jI dy sMsikRq sÍY Anuvwd ivcoN pwTkW dy smuK ‘vwihgurU’ mMqR bwry ivcwr rKdy hW,
ijs nwl pwTkW nUM pMifq jI dI swD BwSw Aqy SYlI dw vI pqw lgygw, “vwihgurU mMqR ky isDWq ivcwr ko
inrUpn krqy hYN[ so nXwX, ivAwkrx, vydWq ieh qIno ky ivcwr ko lykr so iesI vwsqy ies mMqR kw
ArQ bhuq kTn hY[ ies mMqR ky cwroN A`KroN ky bIc myN DwqU-pRqy pd-ArQ igAwn iXh pwcoN pWc sO myN
hY so hmny Awpxy bnwey hUey aus sMsikRq gRMQ kI rcnw inbMDn krI hY so iesI vwsqy ies gRMQ my buDI
bl kI bhuq jrUrq hY[ so eIhW gurmuKI ividAw ky vIc bhuq sugm ArQ krky ilKw hY[ qb BI Plq
ArQ bhuq kiTn hY[ ikauNik vwihgurU mMqR kw ArQ ividAw kw Kzwnw hY[” Awp jI Agy ilKdy hn“vwihgurU ies mMqR ky bIc myN eyk eyk AKr ky judy judy Anyk hI pd hYN aun Anyk hI pdoN ky AnMq hI
ArQ hYN[ AOr AnMq hI ArQoN myN igAwn hY AOr byAMq hI DwqUAW hYN, ibAMq pRqy hYN AOr DwqU pRiqE ky
ArQ BI bhuq pRkwroN sy hYN[ ies lIey vwihgurU mMqR myN ivcwr ivRqI inroD krky hI krxw XQwrQ hY[”
gurmq idg ivjX : gurmq idg ivjX ivc gurmiq dI ivSySqw vrxn kIqI hY, jo sMn 1903 eI.
ivc iliKAw igAw[ gurU mMqRwrQ pRkwS (sMsikRq) sMn 1906 ivc AMikq kIqw[ vwihgurU mMqRwrQ
(gurmuKI) sMn 1909 eI. ivc iliKAw hY[ ieh swry gRMQ bWby mSIn pYRs lwhOr qoN sMn 1910 eI. ivc
pRkwiSq hoey hn[
sRI mhMq pMifq aUDv isMG jI ny ‘AwSRm Drm rhsÎ Aqy ‘ABwv rhsÎ’ do gRMQ ilKy hn[
pMifq mMgl isMG jI kwSI vwilAW ny nXwX aupr ‘ABwv rhsÎ’ ApUrv gRMQ iliKAw hY[ pMjwb qoN bwhr
gurmiq dI ivSySqw dsx vwsqy pMifq kOr isMG jI ny ‘gurU kOmudI’ (sMsikRq) gRMQ iliKAw[ Twkur inhwl
15
isMG jI ny Kwlsw Sbd dI ivAwiKAw aupmw ivc ‘Kwlsw Sqk’ sMsikRq ivc sO slokW dw sMgRih kIqw
hY[ bwbw pRym isMG jI irSIkyS JwVI vwilAW ny ‘sRI vwihgurU mMqR sqoqRm’ Aqy ‘gurU sqoqR qRXm’ sMsikRq
ivc do lGu gRMQ AMikq kIqy hn[ pMifq qwrw isMG jI qrn qwrn vwilAW ny sMsikRq ivc ‘mumKsU boDn
pRkwS’ vydWq dw ApUrv gRMQ iliKAw hY[ pMifq hrI isMG jI ivrkq pMjwb isMD CyqR irSIkyS vwilAW ny
vydWq dw ApUrv gRMQ ‘AdÍYqwnuBv pRkwS (ihMdI ivc kwvÎ) ivc iliKAw hY[ sMq mKn isMG jI Swhpur
ny ‘nwnk pRkwS’ dw ihMdI Anuvwd ilKky pRkwiSq kIqw hY[ pMifq buD isMG jI ny ‘nXwX drSn’ dy gRMQ
‘qrk sMgRih’ dw sMsikRq ivc ‘pd ikRqÎ’ tIkw kIqw hY[ ieh tIkw sMsikRq dy ivdvwnW ivc srb-ipRX
hY jo pMifq cMdRj isMG dy tIky dy nwm nwl ivAwiKAwq hY[ cMdRj isMG pMifq buD isMG jI dw aupnwm hY[
purwxk imiQhws dy AwDwr ’qy ‘buD’ qoN ‘cMdRj’ nwm bxwieAw hY[ purwxW Anuswr cMdRmw buD dw ipqw hY[
‘cMdRj’ Sbd dw ArQ hY cMdRmw dw puqR ; buD cMdRmw dw puqR hY[ ies qrHW kUt BwSw duAwrw pMifq jI ny
ieh aupnwm Dwrn kIqw hY[ pMifq hr isMG jI nroqm kwSI vwilAW ny ‘sRI gurU isDWq pwirjwq’ gurmiq
gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw vwsqy sMsikRq ivc ieh mhwn gRMQ iliKAw hY[ ies gRMQ dw ihMdI Anuvwd Awp
jI dy poqRy iSS sMq Twkur isMG jI ‘piQk’ bRhm kutI vwilAW ny kIqw sI jo ApRkwiSq hY[
pMifq goibMd isMG jI : sMsikRq dy DurMDr ivdvwn hoey hn[ gurmiq, vydWq, ieiqhws, imiQhws Aqy
sMsikRq dy pRkWf pMifq sn[ Awp jI ny ihMdI dyvnwgrI ilpI ivc keI gRMQ AMikq kIqy hn[ ‘nXwX
mukqwvlI’ dw ihMdI tIkw ilKky QoVHI sMsikRq pVHy ivAkqIAW aupr aupkwr kIqw hY[ ‘vydWq pirBwSw’ dy
tIky dw vI iehI audyS hY ik AwrMBk ividAw vwly ividAwrQI vydWq dw suKYnqw nwl AiDAYn kr skx[
‘ieiqhws gurU Kwlsw’ AiqAMq Koj nwl iliKAw isK ieiqhws hY, ijs duAwrw pUrb dy ihMdU pRymI Aqy
sihjDwrI isK, gurU swihbwn Aqy isMGW dy praupkwrI kwrnwimAW qoN jwxU ho rhy hn[ Awp jI ny vYrwg
Sqk aupr vI itpxI kIqI hY[
pMifq guridq isMG jI : pMifq jI ny ihMdI, pMjwbI Aqy sMsikRq ivc hyT ilKy gRMQ ilKy hn- jpujI
stIk, gurmiq isDWq swr, vydWq isDWq-mukqwvlI, gur igrw rUpWqr (gurU qyg bhwdr jI dy slokW dw
sMsikRq ivc pd tIkw), gurU nwnk AStk (sMsikRq slokW ivc), sRImd gurU goibMd isMG sÎs@tkM Aqy
jIvn cirqR pMifq hrI isMG jI[
pMifq swDU isMG jI pIlI BIq : pMifq jI sMsikRq dy mhwn ivdvwn sn[ Awp jI ny jpujI dI ihMdI
tIkw 19vIN sdI dy AMq ivc kIqI sI[ ies tIky ivc pRoVHqw vwsqy vydW, aupinSdW, SRüqIAW, simRqIAW dy
Anyk pRmwx idqy hn[ jpujI qoN ibnw ‘gurU gRMQ pRdIp’ gRMQ vI iliKAw hY[ ijs dy AwrMB ivc vI jpujI
swihb jI ivsqwr pUrbk ivAwiKAw hY[ ieh gRMQ 1906 eI. ivc CipAw hY[
pMifq Arjun isMG jI munI : pMifq jI ny ihMdI BwSw ivc sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw tIkw AwrMB kIqw
sI, ijsdy do Bwg pRkwiSq ho ky pwTkW dy kr kmlW ivc puj cuky hn[ munI jI dy Xuvw AvsQw ivc ivc
bYkuMT gmn kr jwx dy kwrx ieh tIkw sMpUrx nw ho sikAw[ vrxw ieh tIkw igAwn ivc vwDw krn
vwlw sI[ ies tIky ivc gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw kridAW nvyN-nvyN rhsÎ pRgt kIqy sn[
sRI mhMq pMifq blbIr isMG jI SwsqRI : SwsqRI jI ny SoR. gu. pR. kmytI AMimRqsr vloN pRkwiSq sRI
gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy SbdwrQ dw ihMdI tIkw (Anuvwd) kIqw hY[ SbdwrQ dw pRQm sMcX ArQwq pihlI
ijld 1966 eI. ivc gurduAwrw ipRitMg pRYs AMimRqsr qoN pRkwiSq hoeI hY[ ies sMcX ivc 6 pMny dI
BUimkw pVHn Xog hY[
sÍwmI igAwnI cMdw isMG : sÍwmI igAwnI cMdw isMG jI Kt SwsqRI inrml AwSRm irSIkyS vwilAW ny
ihMdI ivc ‘kQw iviKAwn BMfwr’ iliKAw hY jo sc-muc hI igAwn dw BMfwr hY[ kQwkwrW Aqy lYkcrwrW
16
vwsqy AduqI sMgRh hY[ ies gRMQ ivc 58 iviSAW ’qy ivdvqw Bry iBMn-iBMn lyK/lYkcr hn[ vydW
SwsqRW, aupinSdW, simRqIAW, rwmwXx, mhwBwrq, gurbwxI, gur ieiqhws, swihqÎ, kwvÎ dy Anyk
pRmwx/ idRStWq dy ky hr ivAwiKAwn dy ivSy nUM spSt kIqw hY[ ies gRMQ dy 800 pMny hn jo 1959 eI.
ivc sRI nwrwiex pRYs irSIkyS qoN 18 puAwieMt ivc CipAw hY[
pMifq hkIkq isMG jI ArivMd : pMifq jI ny ‘Awqmw srqw’ ihMdI ivc mhMq Awqmw isMG jI inrml
AwSRm irSIkyS vwilAW dI jIvn kQw AMikq kIqI hY[ ‘Awqmw srqw’ rOck ivdvqw BrpUr Anyk pd
pdwrQW dw sMgRih hY[ ies gRMQ ivc aurdU dI SbdwvlI Aqy SyAr vI vD qoN vD vrqy hn[ ieh 385
pMinAW dw gRMQ symvwl ipRMitMg pRYs irSIkyS qoN 16 puAwieMt dy AKrW ivc sMn 1978 eI. ivc CipAw hY[
ies gRMQ dy pRkwSk mhMq nwrwiex isMG jI inrml AwSRm irSIkyS vwly hn[
mhMq bu`Fw isMG jI : inrml AwSRm irSIkyS vwilAW ny isMDI BwSw ivc ‘inrml aupdyS’ iliKAw[
ijs dy pMj sMskrx isMDI ivc pRkwiSq hoey[ sMn 1974 ivc mhMq rwm isMG jI inrml AwSRm irSIkyS
vwilAW dy Xqn nwl pMjwbI BwSw ivc pRkwiSq hoieAw hY[
sÍwmI in`kw isMG jI ny aupdyS rUp ivc ‘shj kQw’ gRMQ iliKAw, ijs nMU mhMq rwm isMG jI inrml
AwSRm irsIkyS vwilAW ny pRkwiSq kIqw hY[
sMq inriBMdr isMG jI ‘srpMc’ ny 1997 eI. ivc v`f AwkwrI ‘Ascrj vsqU’ inrml AwSRm irsIkyS
dw ieiqhws, mhMqW dIAW jIvnIAW praupkwrI syvw nUM vyrvy sihq vrxn kIqw hY[ ies gRMQ nUM mhMq
rwm isMG jI inrml AwSRm irsIkyS vwilAW ny pRkwiSq kIqw hY[
aupr ilKy gRMQ bRj BwSw, swD BwSw, sMsikRq, ihMdI, pMjwbI Aqy aurdU ivc ilKy hoey hn[ AsIN
Xqn kIqw hY ik dìsAw jwvy gRMQ iks BwSw ivc hY ? iPr vI bhu-sMiKAw bRj BwSw, swD BwSw
(swDUkVI) ivc ilKy gRMQW dI hY[ swD BwSw (swDUkVI) Aqy bRj BwSw solHvIN sdI qoN lY ky aunHvIN sdI qk
pRmwxIk bolIAW rhIAW hn[ ienHW bolIAW dw Awpxw hI ieiqhws hY[ ieh BwSwvW nw iksy jwqI dIAW
sn, nw iksy pRWq dIAW sn[ ieh swDUAW, ivdvwnW, lyKkW Aqy kvIAW dIAW BwSwvW sn[ bRj BwSw bRj
dy ielwky dI auh BwSw hY, ijs ivc AStCwp dy BgqW Aqy rIqI kwl dy kvIAW ny ikRSn BgqI dIAW
mnohr kivqwvW ilK ky AwkwSI aufwrIAW lweIAW jo ieqnIAW hrmn ipAwrIAW hoeIAW ik dyS dy
kvIAW ny iesy bolI-SYlI nUM Apxw ilAw[ ihrdy rwm dw hnUmwn nwtk, kySodws dw risk ipRXw, kiv
ipRXw, rwmcMdRkw Aqy suMdrdws dw suMdr iblws Aqy AwXurvYidk dy gRMQ myG ibnod pRkwS, gMgXqI indwn
Awidk bRj BwSw dy AdùqI gRMQ hn[ iesy irvwj/pRBwv ADIn BweI gurdws jI, gurU goibMd isMG jI, gurU
jI dy drbwr dy 52 kvIAW, gurU soBw dy lyKk kiv sYnwpiq, pMifq gulwb isMG jI dI AiDAwqm
rmwiex, pRboD cMdR nwtk, Bwv rswimRq, mhwkvI BweI sMqoK isMG jI dw nwnk pRkwS, gur pRqwp sUrj,
igAwnI igAwn isMG jI dw pMQ pRkwS bRj BwSw dy aulyKnIX gRMQ hn[ bwbw sumyr isMG jI ptnw swihb
vwly vI bRj BwSw dy kvI sn[ bRj BwSw iksy iek ielwky dy bjwey swry dyS dI kwiv BwSw sI[ bRj BwSw
dI qrHW swDUAW dIAW srb sMpRdwvW Aqy vwrqk dy lyKkW dI swD BwSw sI[ ieh swDUkVI vI iek ielwky
dI bjwey swry dyS dI BwSw bx cukI sI[ Bwrq ivc Anyk pRWqk bolIAW hn pr auqrI Aqy d`KxI Bwrq
dy swDU Awps ivc dI swDUkVI ivc hI g`lbwq krdy sn[ swDUkVI dy kwrx swDUAW dIAW
mMflIAW/jmwqW insicMq swry dyS ivc BRmx krdIAW sn[ sQwnk lokW nwl g`lbwq krn leI srb
pRWqW dy swDU vI mMflIAW ivc hoieAw krdy sn[ ies qrHW BwSw dI koeI smisAw nhIN sI[ bRj BwSw ivc
Aqy swD BwSw ivc iliKAw swihq swry dyS ivc pRis`D ho jWdw sI[ irvwj Anuswr pMjwbIAW ny vI
swDUkVI nUM hI ApxwieAw sI[ purwqn jnm swKI, BweI bwly vwlI jnm swKI, BweI mnI isMG vwlI jnm
17
swKI, bwbw imhrvwn, hir jI dIAW ilKqW, mIixAW dw swrw swihq, audwsI, inrmly, syvw pMQIAW dIAW
vwrqk pusqkW, swDU AwnMdGn dy gurbwxI dy tIky, BweI sMqoK isMG jI dw ‘grb gMjnI’ jpujI tIkw, sB
swDUkVI ivc ilKy hoey hn[ ieh smyN dw irvwj sI, kvI Aqy vwrqkkwr kRmvwr bRj BwSw Aqy swD
BwSw dI vrqoN krdy sn[
vrqmwn smyN dy isK ivdvwnW nUM iSkwieq hY ik purwqn lyKkW ny pMjwbI ivc ikauN nhIN
iliKAw[ pr aunHW nUM smJxw cwhIdw hY ik bRj BwSw ieqnI pRisD/ivSwl Aqy lokipRX bx geI sI ik
ies ivc ilKxw mwx smiJAw jWdw sI[ ies BwSw ivc ilKIAW ilKqW swry dyS ivc pRclq huMdIAW
sn[ pwTkW nUM Xwd hovygw isMG sBw lihr dy moFI igAwnI id`q isMG jI dIAW ilKqW vI bRj BwSw ivc
hn[ BweI vIr isMG jI dy ipqw fw. crn isMG jI bRj BwSw ivc ilKdy sn[ bwbw sumyr isMG jI ptny
swihb vwilAW ny BweI vIr isMG jI nUM vI bRj BwSw ivc ilKx dw suJwau idqw sI[ bRj BwSw ivc pMQ
pRkwS ilKx vwly igAwnI igAwn isMG jI ny pihl krky pMjwbI ivc qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw ilKky pMjwbI
vwrqk ilKx dI prMprw qorI[
pRsMg qoN bwhr ieqnw lMmw lyK dws nUM ies vwsqy ilKxw ipAw hY qW ik 18vIN Aqy 19vIN sdI
dI BwSw dI siQqI nUM smiJAw jwvy[ ijs vyly ieh mOilk gRMQ Aqy tIky ilKy gey hn, ienHW dw pTnpwTn vI bRj BwSw Aqy swD BwSw nUM smJx vwlw swDU smwj hI krdw sI[ jo sd igRhsQIAW nUM sQwnk
suKYn bolI ivc smJwauNdw sI[ ies vwsqy swfy nvIn ivdvwnW dI iSkwieq TIk nhIN[ AwDuink ivdvwn
iSkwieq krdy hoey vI AwpxI Koj dI pUrqI purwqn ivdvwnW dy gRMQW qoN hI krdy hn[ 20vIN sdI ivc
jdoN pMjwbI ilKI pVHI jwx lgI qW inrmly sMqW ny sB qoN pihlW pMjwbI ivc ilKxw AwrMB kIqw[
isKI Aqy gurmiq isDWq nUM smJx vwsqy purwqn ieiqhws, imiQhws, drSn, siBAwcwr,
sMsikRq Aqy &wrsI dw AiDAYn zrUrI hY[ iesI qrHW bRj BwSw Aqy swD BwSw dw igAwn pRwpq krnw vI
swfy vwsqy AvSÎk hY[
18
kwSI dI inrml pRMprw
sµq drSn isµG SwsqRI
sµq sqnwm isµG SwsqRI
sµq jsivµdr isµG SwsqRI*
;nk ;nk fg /keZL; xykfuHkZofr HkkjrA
vH;qRFkkue/keZL; rnkRekua
rnkRekua l`tkE;ge~A
ifj=k.kk;
ifj=k.kk; lk/kwuka fouk'kk; p nq"—rke~A
/keZ
/keZlaLFkkiukFkZk; laHkokfe ;qxs ;qxAs A1
srvgux susij`q s`jx purSoN ko igAwq ho ik ies sµswr ivc ijs smyN Drm dw ivnwS AQvw
hwnI huµdI hY Aqy ADrm dI ivRDI (bhulqw) huµdI hY[ aus smyN ADrm dI inivrqI qQw Drm dI mrXwdw
sQwipq krn, duStW dy ivnwS Aqy s`jx purKW dI rìKAw vwsqy Bgvwn AµqrjwmI srgux srUp ivc
AwpxI SkqI duAwrw Avqwr Dwrx krdy hn[ Avqwr sµsikRq dw Sbd hY[ ies dw ArQ hY rkSk
Aqy qwrk[ ies dI ivauqpqI hY- “vofr
vofr¾j{kfr]
vofr¾j{kfr] dLekr~ j{kfr] LoHkäku nq"kVsHk;ks j{kfr rFkk lUlkj lkxjkr~
rkj;rhfr vorkj%”
vorkj% Bwv jo Awpxy BgqW dI duStW qoN rìKAw Aqy sµswr swgr qoN pwr kry, aus dw nwm hY
Avqwr[ ijs qrHW sqXug2 Awid XugW ivc smyN-smyN Anuswr prmwqmw ny Avqwr DwirAw[
iesI pRkwr klXug dy pRQm crx ivc jdoN duStW dI bhulqw dy kwrx ipRQvI3 auqy duStwcwr,
pwpwcwr, BRStwcwr Awid vfy-vfy aup`dRv4 hox lgy, qdoN pRBU AµqrjwmI ny SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI Awid
ds srUp Dwrky Drm dI punr sµsQwpnw, duStW dw ivnwS Aqy swDU purKW dI rìKAw kIqI[ SRI gurU
goibµd isMG jI ny Awpxy Awaux dw iehI pRXojn dìsAw hY XQw:-hm ieh kwj jgq mo Awey[ ies audyS
dI pUrqI hyqU dsm ipqw SRI gurU goibµd isµG jI ny pwauNtw swihb dI rcnw krky SsqR Aqy SwsqR dw
eykIkrn kIqw ikauNik “duSt mUF SsqRoN kr db hYN[ SwsqR qy koivµd bs &b hYN]”5 ies krky gurU jI ny
ijQy gurisKW ƒ sUrbIrqw, sÍwiBmwnqw, inrBYqw Aqy gaU-ZrIb dI rìKAw vwsqy SsqR ividAw ivc
AiBAsq kIqw, auQy aunHW ƒ SwsqR ividAw ivc vI privrq kIqw[ ijs qrHW nIqI SwsqR ivc iliKAw
* SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw, sI/ky 13/12 s`qI cONqrw, kwSI (vwrwxsI)[ Pon nM. 0542-2400366
1
Jhen~ Hk- xh- 4.7.
jib jib hoq AirSit Apwrw] qib qib dyh Drq Avqwrw]
(dsm gRµQ, pMnw 155)
2
sqjuig qY mwixE CilE bil bwvn BwieE ] qRyqY qY mwixE rwmu rGuvMsu khwieE ]
duAwpir ik®sn murwir kMsu ikrqwrQu kIE ] augRsYx kau rwju ABY Bgqh jn dIE ]
kiljuig pRmwxu nwnk guru AMgdu Amru khwieE ] sRI guru rwju Aibclu Atlu Awid puriK PurmwieE ] (sRI gu. gRµ. sw., pM. 1390)
hir jugu jugu Bgq aupwieAw pYj rKdw AwieAw rwm rwjy ]
(sRI gu. gRµ. sw., pµ. 415)
d`rs /k`Rok oS ;ks·PNy;r cfya okeuruqAa n'kkL;U=srk;ka ldqyeo/kh|ks fg dì;kA
vFkks dala gRok fnoexe;}kij;qxAs egk'kkUra oUns tfue`frgjékkudxq#e~AAƒAA
3
gk nSo gk nSo u dksfi jktk u lk/koks fl)dykS i`fFkO;ke~A
vla[;nq"Vk cgqikidkjdk ujk/kekLrs EysPN'kjhj/kkfj.k%AA
¼xq# Lrks==;e~½
¼Hkfo- iq-½
kil AweI ku`qy muhI Kwj hoAw murdwr gusweI[ rwjy pwp kmWvdy aultI vwV Kyq kE KweI[ prjw AµDI igAwn ibn kUV kus`q
muKhu AwlweI[ cyly swj vjwieµdy n`cx gurU bhuq ibD BweI[ syvk bYTn GrW ivc gur auT GrIN iqnwVy jweI[ kwjI hoey irSvqI
v`FI lY ky h`k gvweI[ iesqRI purKY dwm ihq BwvyN Awie ikQwaUN jweI[ vriqAw pwp sBsu jg mwhI]30] (vwr Bw. gurdws 1)
5
pMQ pRkwS
4
19
hY- fo|k 'kL=L; 'kkL=L; }S fo|s izfriÙk;s
riÙk;sA vk|k gkL;k; o`/kRos f}rh;kæh;rs
f}rh;kæh;rs lnkAAƒAA vusd la';ksNns h
pua 'kkl=a ;L; ukfLr va/keso l%AA„AA1
izk{s kkjFkL; n'kZde~A loZL; ykspua
Bwv ividAw do pRkwr dI hY[ iek SsqR ividAw Aqy dUsrI SwsqR ividAw[ pihlI SsqR
ividAw vI bVI mhwnqw r`KdI hY, ikµqU SwsqR ividAw bwlpn, XOvn Aqy ibRDw AvsQw ivc vI siqkwr
krwauNdI hY[ ieh mnu`K dy Anyk sµisAW ƒ dUr krn vwlI Aqy prokS vsqU ƒ AprokS idKwaux vwlI
hY[ mnu`KW dw AslI nyqR SwsqR ividAw hY[ ijs mwnv kol SwsqR ividAw nhIN, auh A`KW huµdy hoey vI AµDy
dy smwn hY, ikauNik koeI vI rwStr Aqy smwj qdoN qk au~nqI dy isKr pr AwrUF nhIN ho skdw, jdoN
qk aus dy Aµdr ivdvqw Aqy ivdvq jnW dI bhulqw nw hovy[ ijvyN ikhw igAw hY “lkfgR;
lkfgR;
laxhrdykfoghu% lk{kkRi'kq% iqPNfo"kk.kghu%A”
Nfo"kk.kghu%A 2 kvI smRwt BrQrI hir jI dy ies kQn Anuswr ijQy ivìdAw
ivhIn ivAkqI dyS Aqy smwj vwsqy Bwr3 rUp hY, auQy pivqR jIvn sihq ivdvwn dyS Aqy smwj vwsqy
Amolk rqn hY[
SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI duAwrw clwey gey BgqI AwDwirq suqµqrqw Aµdoln dy sWsikRqk AwDwr
ƒ idRVH krn leI sµsikRq ividAw dy AiDAYn dI AiqAµq AwvSkqw sI, ikauNik ies AwDwr qoN ibnw
koeI vI Aµdoln swrvBOm rUp Dwrx nhIN kr skdw sI[ ies audyS ƒ muK r`Kky SRI gurU goibµd isµG jI ny
Awpxy kvI drbwr Aµdr ivc iek sµsikRq ividAw dy DurµDr ivdvwn pµifq rGunwQ4 nUM sQwn idqw, jo
ik hr roz gurU jI ƒ kQw suxwauNdw sI[ aus dy pws gurisKW ƒ sµsikRq dw AiDAYn krn vwsqy
ibTwieAw[ kuJ idn pVHwaux qoN bwAd gurisKW dI A`lg-Al`g jwqI igAwq hox ’qy pµifq jI ny ieh
kih ky pVHwaux qoN mnHW kr idqw ik qusIN SUdr hox krky vyd-ividAw dy AiDkwrI nhIN ho skdy[ gurU
jI ny jdoN gurisKW koloN ies qrHW suixAw qW kuJ bIr rs ivc Aw ky ikhw5- tUetkrks Hkosr~ 'kwnzk laLdkjs
f}tksÙkekA osons ikBh Hkosr foizk] czã tkukfr l czã.k%A Bwv jnm qoN qW sB SUdr hI hn, prµqU sµskwr
duAwrw dUjw jnm hox krky idÍj, vyd pVHx krky ivpR (ivdvwn) Aqy qqÍvyqw hox krky bRwhmx khy jWdy
hn[ eysy qrHW swfy gurisK gurU Gr ivc Aw ky aupdyS gRihx krn vwly idÍj AiDAwqimk ividAw pVHn
vwly ivpR (ivdvwn) Aqy AiDAwqmk icµqn duAwrw Awqm qqÍ ƒ jwx ky bRwhmx AQvw igAwnI huµdy
hn[
“ijn is`Kn ko SUdr kY hYN iqn qy ibpR byd pFY hYN[
mIrI pIrI rwj &kIrI dwn dhIrI bF qdbIrI[
SsqR SwsqR ibdXw jyqI[ mYN iqn isKYN bKSoN qyqI[
suin pµifq lìjq hYÍ gXo[ gurU hukm iem isKYN dXo[
1
2
pMc qMqR
nIqI Sqk BrQrI hrI, slok 12.
vkgkjfunzkHk;eSFkqukfu lkekU;esrr~ i'kqfHkuZjk.kke~A
Kkua ujk.kkef/kdks fo'ks"kks Kkusu ghuk% i'kqfHk% lekuk%AA
;s"kka u fo|k u riks u nkua] Kkua u 'khya u xq.kks u /keZ%A
rs eR;Zyksds Hkqfo HkkjHkwrk euq"; #is.k e`xk'pjfUrAA
3
¼lwäkoyh] 'yksd 13½
¼uhfr 'krd] 'yksd 13½
inµdRw Bojn Bog pY ieh psu purK smwn[
nrn igAwn inj AiDkqw igAwn ibnw psu jwn[
(swrukqwvlI AiD. 3, slok 13)
4
iqsI smyN pµifq AXo idÍj rGunwQ iek nwm[ nvKt ds AT cwr mYN, inpun nIiq gun Dwm]
rwKXo iFg inq kQw sunwvY[ Aink BWiq kir gurYN irJwvY] (pµQ pRkwS, pµ. 1392)
5
purw jnm qY SUdr sb hI[ idÍj hYÍ sMskwr hYÍ jb hI[
vyd pFY qib ibpR hoeI[ bRhm igAwnI bRhmx so hI[
(pµQ pRkwS, pM. 1393)
20
pFo AbY qum kWSI jwey[ ingmwgm ibdXw mn lwey[
AOr pFq jo brsn mYN hY[ qumYN mhInXo mYN so AY hY[
jyiqk ibdXw sB jg mYN hY[ gur Gr myN Aib Awie so rYhY[”1
ies pRkwr mhwrwj jI dI AwigAw sux ky isKW ny bynqI kIqI ik kwSI ivc AsW ƒ SUdr nhIN
kihxgy ? gurU jI ny auqr idqw ik AsIN hux quhwƒ AYsw srUp bKiSS krWgy, jo cwr vrxW Aqy cwr
AwSRmW ivcoN auqm hY[ ies qrHW kih ky siqgurU jI ny Bry dIvwn Aµdr sµmq 1743 muqwibk sµn 1686
eI. ƒ pµj inrmly sµqW dI cox kIqI[ jo ik pihly hI gurbwxI, BwSw, guru-ieiqhws dy igAwqw Aqy
ivcwrSIl, SWq-icq, ivvyk Awid swDn cquS@tX sµpµn, Drm DIrj Awid guxW2 nwl BrpUr sn[ ienHW
pµjW sµqW dy nwm sn sµq krm isµG jI, sµq rwm isµG jI, sµq gµfw isµG jI, sµq bIr isµG jI, sµq sYxw
isµG jI[ ienHW pµjW sµqW ƒ gurU jI ny gyrUey vsqR pihnw ky h`QW ivc ic`pIAW (kmµfl) dy kr AYsw
ivr`kq3 sMqW vwlw vys bKS ky AwigAw kIqI ik qusIN kwSI (bnwrs) ivc jw ky sµsikRq ividAw dw
AiDAYn kro[ sµsikRq ividAw ivc pUrxqw pRwpq krky vwps gurU Gr ivc Aw ky dUsry hor gurisKW ƒ
pTn-pwTn krvwE[ swfw AwSIrvwd sdYv quhwfy nwl rhygw[ ies pRkwr AwSIrvwd Aqy bhuq swry vr
dy ky bnwrs v`l qoridAW muK qoN &rmwieAw:jwE ! myry lwl pwl krhY Akwl QwrI, swrI suK sµpdw mYN vwrI isr Qwry pY]
kwm kroD loB qXwg Swg pwq Kwie bih, bt hUµ kI CwXw AQw suµny Gr Fwry pY]
bRhmcwrI rIiq joeI hoeI ivpRIq soeI, soeI Ab pRgtI Xo dyS ies swry pY]
vrx qumwry Ab AwSRm sµinAws BXo, lXo hY ArUj pd aUc cµd qwry pY]
ies qrHW AwigAw Aqy KuSIAW pRwpq krky pµjy mhwpurK pwauNtw swihb qoN c`lky kwSI purI
ivc phuµcy[ ijQy Ajkl inrml sµpRdwX dw pRisD sQwn cyqn m`T4 hY[ ies sQwn ’qy aus smyN bhuq
BwrI vtivRk@S (bohV) sI[ iesy sQwn ’qy CyvyN siqgurW dy smyN BweI gurdws jI vI kuJ smW Tihry sn[
ieQy rihµdy hoey aunHW dw kwSI dy ivdvwn pµifqW nwl vwihgurU mµqRwrQ Aqy keI hor gUV iviSAW ’qy
SwsqRwrQ hoieAw[ ijs ivc puCy pRSnW dw au~qr BweI swihb jI ny gurU mhwrwj jI dy AwSIrvwd sdkw
AiDAwqmk bl nwl gurbwxI Aqy vydW SwsqRW dy pRmwx dy ky bVI gµBIrqw Aqy ivdvqw Bry SbdW nwl
id`qw[ ijs dw vrxn BweI sµqoK isµG jI ny sUrj pRkwS dI rwSI 8vIN AµsU 3 ivc bVy ivsqwr nwl kIqw
hY[ BweI swihb qoN vwihgurU mµqR dy gUV AiBpRwX ƒ sux ky swry pµifq nqmsqk ho gey Aqy inmRqw
pUrvk pRwrQnw kIqI ik qusIN vwihgurU mµqR dI mihmw ivc koeI sqoqR aucwrn kro, ijs dw AsIN hr roz
jwp5 kr skIey[ aus smyN BweI swihb jI ny sµsikRq ivc iek sqoqR aucwrn kIqw[ ijs ivcoN kuJ slok
AsIN eyQy dyxw cwhuµdy hWJh xq#nklksokpAA vFk okfgxq# Lrks=e~
foðk'ka
s'ka foðkfeR;qäa laiVq s foðkHkw"k.ke~A
1
pµQ pRkwS, pµ. 1394.
djs 'yk?;LR;kx% f'kjfl xq#ikniz.kf;rk] eq[ks lR;k ok.kh fotf; Hkqt;ksoh;Zerqye~A
g`fn LoPNk o`fÙk% Jqref/kxra p Jo.k;ks] fouk·I;Sðk;s.Z k izd`fregrka e.Mufene~AA
¼uhfr 'krd 65½
3
dkSihU;qxya daFkk n.M ,difjxzg%A ;ra ijegalR; ukf/kda rq fo/kh;rsAA
¼ukjnifjozktd 327½
2
4
5
qb hI bsn kKwey sjY ky, AwigAw bsqR gur qy lY ky[ phuµcy kwSI purI audwry, cyqn m`T mY rhy ivcwry[
swD inrmly qih ibdqwey, ibdXw pFI AiDk mn lwey] (pµQ pRkwS, pµ. 1240)
ivpRovwc, dohrw:- cqurwKr ieh swr suT pRBU qy suinE prqwp[
qws sqoqR bKwnIey jwp krihN ruic jwp] (sU. pR. rwis 7, AµsU 3)
21
foðkcks/ka Lo;a czã ra iz.koknh uekE¸g
~AAƒAA
uekE¸geAAƒAA
o.kkZo.kZfoghuk[;a osnlkjizorZde~A
foðkoxZa egh/kh'ka odkja ra uekE¸ge~AA„AA
gfjgjkfn% Lo;a czã galcks/k izdk'kde~A
gLreyo;Zohta gdkja ra uekE¸ge~AA…AA
AA…AA
ieqÎwid slok aucwrx krky BweI swihb ny vwihgurU mµqR dI squqI kIqI[ ijQy BweI swihb jI
ny ieh slok aucwrx kIqy sn[ hux ausy hI vtivRk@S dy cOigrdy ieh pµjy sµq JOpVIAW bxw ky rihx l`g
pey[ SIGr hI d`KxI pµifq s`qwnµd1 jI kol pVHnw SurU kr id`qw[ pµifq jI kwSI dy SwsqRgX ivdvwnW
ivcoN mUrDnÎ ivdvwn sn[ jo bVy sqoguxI, sµjmI, ivinmR Aqy ividAwrQIAW dy ihqkwrI sn[ ijs qrHW
dy qqÍvyqw ividAw gurU pµifq jI, ausy qrHW dy hI ividAwnurwgI, sqoguxI, ivcwrSIl, ivr`kq ijqyidRX,
au~c Awcrx vwly ieh pµjy sµq ividAwrQI2 sn[
mhwpurK Drm pRcwr dI lgn Aqy pµQ ivc sµsikRq ividAw dI privrqI dy auqswh nwl
AxQ`k AiBAws, grmI-srdI, BuK-ipAws, duK-suK Awid ƒ sihx krdy hoey ividAw AiDAYn ivc
privrq ho gey[ sµswr v`loN Awp dI AqIq ivrqI vyK ky kwSI ngrI dy pRymI SrDw nwl dyKx l`g pey[
Awp jI dI sµigAw pµjwbI inrmly swDU krky pRis`D ho geI[ ies qrHW ividAw AiDAYn krdy hoey jdoN 9
vrS ibqIq hoey sµmq 1752 ibRkmI mwG dy mhIny ivc dYvXog nwl pµifq rwmpRswd dy 21-22 swl dy
ieklOqy puqr jYrwm dw srIr srdI dy kwrx suµn ho igAw[ hkImW vYdW pwsoN puqR dy bcx dI Awsw qoN
inrws ho ky aus nUM pµjwbI inrmly swDU Xwd Awey, ijnHW dI mihmw kwSI vwsI sµgqW dy ihridAW ivc
CweI hoeI sI[ b`cy ƒ grm k`piVAW ivc lpyt ky mµjy smyq mhwpurKW dy crnW ivc phuµc gey[ sµq dyK
ky bVy hYrwn hoey Aqy puiCAw “pµifq jI kYsy Awey” ? pµifq jI ny ikhw, “bs mhwrwj jI b`cy ƒ
jIvndwn bKSo”[ sµq- iksy cµgy hkIm koloN ielwj krvwE Aqy nwl hI eISvr A`gy pRwrQnw kro[
pµifq- mhwrwj jI vYdW, hkImW koloN inrwS ho ky AsIN Awp jI ƒ eISvr rUp jwx ky Awp jI dI Srx
Awey hW[
sµqW dy bwr-bwr mnHW krn dy bwvjUd vI hux jYrwm dy mwqw ipqw AwiKr AqI audws huµdy hoey
puqR ƒ sµqW dy Awsry C`f ky AwK Awey, ik ieh hux Awp dw hI lVkw hY, r`Ko jW mwro[ aus smyN sµqW ny
dsW siqgurW dy crnW ivc bynqI kIqI ik hy mhwrwj ! AsIN Awp jI dy Alp`g syvk hW kuC nhIN
jwxdy[ ieh sB Awp jI dI mihmw hY ik lok swfy au~pr ieQoN q`k ivSvws krI bYTy hn[ Awp jI ies
smyN Awpxy ByK dI lwj r`Ko[ ies qrHW Ardws krky grm jl dIAW do cwr bUµdW jYrwm dy mUµh ivc
pweIAW[ bs auh jl sI jW swrIAW ibmwrIAW, jnm-mrn Awid rogW dw nwSk AµimRq sI[ “srb rog
kw AauKdu nwmu]” “swD kY sMig imty siB rog]” ausI smyN jYrwm dy srIr ivc cyqnqw AwauxI SurU ho
geI[ kuC idnW ivc hI jYrwm dw srIr iblkul inrog ho igAw[ ies cmqkwr dy pRBwv krky jYrwm dy
mwqw ipqw gdgd hoey Aqy kwSI ngrI ivc ienHW inrmly sµqW dw js hor vI PYl igAw[
iek idn mhwpurKW ny jYrwm dy mwqw ipqw ƒ ikhw ik hux Awpxy puqr ƒ Gr lY jwau[ aunHW ny
A`goN bynqI kIqI ik mhwrwj jI AsIN ies ƒ Awp jI dw bxw cuky hW, Awpxy crnW ivc lgw lvo[ jYrwm
jI ny vI bynqI kIqI ik- mhwrwj jI ! ijs qrHW Awp jI ny mYƒ jIvn dwn bKiSAw hY ausy qrHW Awpxy
crnW ivc r`K ky myry Awvwgmn rUpI c`kR-ivaUh dI vI inivrqI kro[ ies qrHW b`cy jYrwm dw idRVH
1
iB`CXw kir mDUkrI pwvYN[ inrml sµq ivrkq khwvYN[
s`qwnµd pµifq Qw d`KxI[ iqs qy pFy ibrolI mKxI]
2
dkdps"Vk cdks /;ku% ðkkufunzk rFkSo pA vYigkjh xzgR;kxh fo|kFkhZ iap y{k.ke~AA
(pµQ pRkwS, pµ. 1395)
22
ivSvws dyKky sµqW ny aus ƒ Awpxy kol rihx dI AwigAw dy idqI[ jdoN syvw, ismrn Aqy bRhm ividAw
pVHidAW-pVHidAW iek vrS ibqIq hoieAw qW sBnW sµqW dI ieCw muqwibk jYrwm ƒ hr qrW nwl Xog
smJ ky, v`fy hox dy nwqy pµifq krm isµG jI ny AwpxI crn pwhul dy ky iSS bxwieAw Aqy nwm jY isµG
rìKAw[
ies qrHW ienHW pµjW mhwpurKW ny siqgurU jI dy AwSIrvwd sdkw sµmq 1743 ibkRmI qoN lY ky
sµmq 1756 ibkRmI qk kwSI ivc invws krky vyd1 vydWg2, Kt-SwsqR3, simRqIAW, purwx4, ieiqhws,
kwvX-SwsqR Awid sµpUrx ividAw ivc inpuxqw pRwpq kIqI Aqy gurU mhwrwj jI dy vr “ijn is`Kn ko
SUdr kY hYN[ iqn qy ibpR vyd pFY hYN” dy Anuswr pµifq jY isµG qoN lY ky hor vI AnykW bRwhmx
ividAwrQIAW ƒ ividAw pVHwauNdy Aqy nwl-nwl gurmiq isDwqW dw pRcwr-pRswr krdy rhy[
ividAw pUrI hox ’qy jdoN ienHW sµqW ny gurU jI dy pws Awnµdpur swihb jwx dI iqAwrI kIqI,
qW kwSI dIAW sµgqW dw pRym dyKky Aqy ies sQwn ƒ gurmiq dy pRcwr-pRswr dw kyNdr bxwaux vwsqy
pµifq krm isµG jI Awpxy Xog iSS jY isµG jI ƒ ies sQwn dI syvw sµBwl ivc inXukq krky Awp pµjy
mhwpurKW ny kwSI qoN clky SRI Awnµdpur swihb SRI gurU goibµd isµG jI dy crnW ivc hwizr ho ky KuSIAW
pRwpq kIqIAW5 Aqy gurU jI dI AwigAw Anuswr Awpxy ihrdy rUpI kmlW ivc BrI hoeI bRhm-ividAw
rUpI sugµDI duAwrw gurisKI rUpI PulvwVI ivc Awey hoey bRhm-ividAw rUpI suugµDI dy gRwhk gurisK
jigAwsU rUpI BOirAW ƒ iqRpq krn lgy[
ieDr sµq jY isµG jI vwsqy mhwpurKW dy jwx dw ivCooVw BwvyN AshnIX sI[ iPr vI mhwpurKW
dI AwigAw ƒ eISÍrIX hukm smJ ky keI idnW dI audwsInqw qoN bwAd DIry-DIry pUjw-pwT siqsµg
ividAw dw AiDAYn AiDAwpn krdy krwauNdy ies sQwn dI syvw-sµBwl bVy sucwrU Fµg nwl krn lgy[
Awp jI ny ieQy SRI gurU nwnk dyv sµsikRq ivdAwlX vI kwiem kIqw[ sµgqW dI AwvwjweI izAwdw hox
krky AiDAYn AiDAwpn ivc rukwvt jwx ky ienHW ny siqsµgIAW, XwqrIAW leI do Gµty dw smW nIXq
kr idqw[
sµmq 1792 ibRkmI ƒ iSvrwqRI dy smyN dUroN-dUroN drSnwrQI phuµcy[ ies myly Aµdr Cprw XU.
pI. dy invwsI myhr isµG Awpxy keI sµbµDIAW dy nwl kwSI phuµcy[ kwSI ivSvnwQ, AµnpUrxw, FUµFIrwj,
DrmySÍr dI Xwqrw krky Sihr qoN bwhr pivqR sQwnW dI Xwqrw krdy smyN pqw clw ik ieQy pµjwbI
inrmly mhwqmw dw iek rmxIk sQwn hY[ ieh sux ky bVy auqSwh nwl ies sQwn ’qy phuµc gey[ aus
smyN hor vI AnykW SrDwlU sµq jY isµG jI mhwrwj dy ASIrvwd Aqy vcnwimRq dw lwB pRwpq kr rhy
sn[ myhr isµG jI ny jdoN Aw ky bRhminST, qpo-mUrqI sµq pµifq jY isµG mhwrwj jI dy drSn Aqy
vcnwimRq pwn kIqw, qW mn sIql ho igAw Aqy jwx gey ik Aj myrI Xwqrw sPl ho geI6 qQw sµq jY
isµG jI dy crnW ivc rihx dw sµklp kr ilAw[ mhwpurKW ny ienHW dw idRVH ivSvws Aqy SrDw pRym vyK
irgvyd, Xjurvyd, swmvyd, AQrv vyd[
vydWg : Cµd, klp, joiqS, inrukq, iSkSw, ivAwkrx[
3
SwSqR : sWKX, nXwX, vYSYiSk, mImWsw, Xog, vydWq[
1
2
e};a Hk};a pSo cz=;a oprq"V;e~] vukifyaxdwLdkfu iqjk.kkfu izp{krsA
Hkko % 1- eRl; 2- ekdZ.Ms; 3- Hkfo"; 4- Hkkxor 5- czãk.M 6- czãoSorZ 7- czã 8- okeu 9- okjkg 10- fo".kq 11- ok;q ¼f'ko½ 12vfXu 13- ukjn 14- iù 15- fyax 16- x#M 17- dweZ 18- lqdUnA
4
piF ingmwgm gur iFg Awey[ gurih sunwey AiDk vr pwey]
KuSI hoie gur AYsI aucwrI[ swr ividAw jg jug BwrI]
(pµQ pRkwS, pµ. 2799)
6
s&l s&l BeI s&l Xwqrw] Awvx jwx rhy imly swDw] (sRI. gu. gRµ. sw., pµ. 687)
5
23
ky AwpxI crn pwhul Aqy ByK dy ky gurmµqR dw aupdyS dy ky Awpxw iSS bxwieAw Aqy nwm myhr isµG
rìKAw[ sµq jY isµG mhwrwj jI dy pws rih ky myhr isµG jI dy smyq hor vI keI ividAwrQI AiDAYn
krdy sn[ ijnHW ivcoN sµq myhr isµG jI ƒ Awpxw auqrwiDkwrI inXukq krky sµq jY isµG jI mhwrwj
sµmq ibkRmI 1792 mwG mhIny 62 swl dI aumr ivc gurpurI isDwr gey[
Awp jI dy bYkuµT jwx qoN bwAd AwSRm dI swrI ijµmyvwrI sµq myhr isµG jI dy isr ’qy Aw geI[
ijs ƒ aunHW ny bVI kuSlqw Aqy sihjqw dy nwl inBwauNdy hoey Awpxy pws rihx vwly sµqW ’qy
ividAwrQIAW ƒ sÍwiDAwey krwaux Aqy rihx-sihx dI ivvsQw ivc pihly nwloN vI ivRDI kIqI[ Awp
jI dy smyN pµjwb Aqy dUsry sQwnW qoN Awey hoey AnykW ividAwrQIAW ny ividAw pRwpq kIqI[ Awp jI dy
keI iSS sn, ijnHW ivcoN Awp jI sµq AmIr isµG jI ƒ Awpxw auqrwiDkwrI Qwp ky swrw jIvn nwm
ismrn bRhm-ividAw qQw gurmiq dw pRcwr-pRswr krdy hoey 75 swl dI AwXU ivc 27 BwdRoN sµmq
ibkRmI 1815 ƒ scKµf jw ibrwjy[ Awp jI dy bwAd sµq AmIr isµG jI ny Awpxy bzurgW dI rhurIiq
Anuswr Bjn-pwT, gurmiq pRcwr, bRhm-ividAw, Awey gey swDUAW AiqQIAW dI syvw ivc smW
gujwirAw[ Aµq smyN Awpxy Xog cyly sµq cyq isµG jI ƒ sQwn dI ijµmyvwrI dy ky gurpurI isDwr gey[
sµq cyq isµG jI ny Awpxy mhwpurKW dI AwigAw Anuswr sQwn dI bhuq syvw kIqI[ Awp jI
gurmiq Aqy sµsikRq ividAw dy DurµDr ivdvwn sn[ Awp jI ny Awpxy ngr kYQl (hirAwxw) ivc
sµsikRq ividAw dy pRcwr ƒ muK r`Kky iek fyrw kwiem kIqw[ ies fyry dI ijµmyvwrI Awpxy cyly sµq moqw
isµG jI ƒ sONp ky Awp jI i&r kwSI Aw gey[ Awp jI ƒ qp qyj, bRhm-icµqn Aqy ivdvqw krky kwSI
dy ivdvwnW ivc ivSyS iKAwqI pRwpq hoeI[ ies sQwn dy pws K`qRIAW dw bwg sI, jo ^rId ky Awp jI ny
fyry nwl imlwieAw ijs krky mT dI SoBw hor vI AiDk ho geI[ ijMnw icr Awp srIr krky rhy bhuq
kIrqI pRwpq kIqI[ Awm qOr ’qy swDUAW dy invws sQwn ƒ mT ikhw jWdw hY, pRµqU Awp jI dy qyj pRqwp
krky ies sQwn dw nwm smW pw ky sµgq cyqn mT pRisD ho igAw[ AwiKr Awp Awpxy cyly pµifq sdw
isµG jI ƒ mhµqI dy ky bhRmlIn ho gey[
vydWqvwgIS, srvqµqR sÍqµqRwcwrX SRI mwn pµifq sdw isµG jI kwSI inrml prµprw dy ieqny
pRBwvSwlI Aqy ivdÍdvirST mhwpurK sn, ik kwSI ivc iek vwr koeI idgivjeI pµifq SwsqRwrQ
krn vwsqy AwieAw[ ausdy cYlµj qoN Gbrw ky kwSI dy keI ivdvwnW ny Aw ky ikhw ik kwSI dy pµifqW dI
lwj r`Ko[ Awp jI SIGr iqAwr ho gey[ Awi^r Awp jI dy qyj qp, ieSt-swDnw Aqy bRhm-ividAw dy
pRBwv krky auh pµifq prwsq ho igAw[ Awp jI dI ivjX hoeI, kwSI ivc v`fw js hoieAw[ ies KuSI
ivc kwSI ivdÍq sBw ny Awp jI ƒ koeI snmwinq aupwDI dyx dw &Yslw kIqw[ Awp jI ƒ inrieCuk huµdy
hoey vI srv sµmqI nwl ivdÍq sBw vloN dµfI dI aupwDI nwl ivBUiSq kIqw igAw[ ies krky Awp bwAd
ivc pµifq sdw isµG jI dµfI krky pRisD hoey[ sµmq 1795 ibkRmI ivc Awp jI ny vydWq dy iek bVy
auc gRµQ “AdÍYq isDI” aupr “sugmswr cµidRkw”1 nwimkw tIkw ilKI, ijs qoN Awp jI dI ivdÍqw
swKXwq pRgt huµdI hY[ Awp jI dy pµifq isrIAw isµG jI ivrkq, sµq mlUk isµG jI Awid keI iSS
sn[ Aµq smyN Awp jI SRI mwn sµq mlUk isµG jI ƒ mhµqI dy ky bRhmlIn ho gey[
ienHW qoN bwAd keI mhwpurKW ny ies sQwn dy pRbµD dI syvw kIqI[ mhµq swihb isµG jI, mhµq
nwrwiex isµG jI, mhµq rqn isµG jI, mhµq bwvnBgvn isµG jI, mhµq ipRqpwl isµG jI, mhµq bhwdur
isµG jI, mhµq ieµdrjIq isµG jI Awid[ vrqmwn ivc SRI mwn sµq pRIqm isµG jI ies sQwn dy mhµq
1
sqRW sY pcwnvyN mwhYN[ s`dw isµG nY kWSI jwhY[
cyqn mT idF bWDXu nIkw[ ikX AdÍYq is`DI pr tIkw[ (pµQ pRkwS, pM. 2803)
24
hn, jo ik bhuq audmI, krmT Aqy imlwpVy suBwv vwly hn[ auh sQwn dw pRbµD bVy suµdr qrIky nwl
inBw rhy hn[ ieh inrml ByK dw sB qoN purwqn Aqy pRisD ieiqhwsk sQwn hY[ ies sQwn qoN inrml
sµpRdwX dw mhwn ivsqwr hoieAw hY[ ieQy rih ky AnykW inrmly mhwpurKW ny ividAw pRwpq krky Bwrq
dy kony-kony ivc ivcr ky gurU nwnk dyv jI dy AdÍYq isDWq nUM SwsqR sµmq pRmwxW duAwrw pRiqpwdn krdy
hoey AnykW pRwxIAW ƒ gurmiq dy DwrxI bxwieAw[
SRI mwn pµifq gulwb isµG jI : pµifq gulwb isµG jI inrml ByK dy ivdvwnW ivcoN mUrDnX ivdvwn hoey
hn, ijnHW Awpxy gurUdyv SRI mwn pµifq mwn isµG jI kurukSyqr vwilAW dI AwigAw Anuswr kwSI ivc
rih ky bVI kiTnqw Aqy pirSRm nwl ividAw pRwpq kIqI[ Awp jI dy ividAw AiDAYn smyN iek kQw
pRisD hY ik Awp jI ny Awpxy ividAw dwqy pµifq jI dy Gr Bojn vwsqy lkVIAW ilAwauxIAW, pwxI
Brnw, JwVU Pyrnw, b`cy ƒ iKfwauxw Awid syvw duAwrw pµifq jI ƒ pRsµn krky XukqI nwl ividAw suxI[
“sihj pky so mITw hoie” dI aukqI Anuswr smW pw ky Awp jI inrml ByK dy pRkWf ivdvwn1 bxy[
sµsikRq dy gRµQW dw pµjwbI BwSw ivc Anuvwd krky keI gRµQW dI rcnw kIqI[ Awp jI dy lgBg 40 gRµQ
sn, pRµqU kwSI dy bRwhmx pµifqW dI KuitAweI dy kwrx bhuq swry gRµQ jWdy rhy[ ienHW iv`coN kyvl cwr
gRµQ bcy jo Aj qk auplbD hn- 1. BwvrswimRq 2. moKS pµQ pRkwS 3. AiDAwqm rwmwiex 4. pRboD
cµdR nwtk[ iehnW iv`coN pRboD cµdR nwtk sµsikRq dy pRboDcµdRodXN gRµQ dw BwSw Anuvwd hY Aqy dUjw
sµsikRq dI AiDAwqm rwmwiex dw BwSw Anuvwd hY[
ies Anuvwd duAwrw pµifq jI ny gUV qqÍ-igAwn jn swDwrx qk phuµcw ky mhwn aupkwr
kIqw hY[ ienHW dohW gRµQW dy iek-iek slok dw mUl pwT Aqy BwSw Anuvwd dw nmUnw ies qrHW hYe/;kàkdZejhfpdkfLoo i;% iwjks ;nKkur%]
;nKkur%]
Loa ok;wToZyuks tya f{kfrfjfr =SyksD;eqUehyfrA
rÙkRoa
xïea]
rÙkRoa fonq"kka fueh
fuehyfr iqu% lzXHkksfx“ksxïea
x¨
lkUnzkuUneq
uUneiq kLegs rneya LokRekocks/ka eg%AAƒ
eg%AAƒAA2 ¼izcks/kpUnzkns ;e~ 1½½
Anuvwd :
]svYXw]
Bwnu mrIc su nwr smµ pun jW AigAwn jg`q bnwXo]
vwXu Akws su pwvk nIr mhI pun loksu qIn aupwXo]
jwih ipKy rjuswp ijmy jg Pyr sBo iqm mWih iblwXo]
aUjl Awqm boD mho hm Awnµd soN aurmWih iDAwXo]
(pRboD cµdR nwtk 1,8)
mUl pwT
lwr mokp&
dnkfpékkjnks ;ksxh ijkuqxgz okN
okN³;kA
i;ZVUldykaYyksdku~ lR;yksdeqikxer~AA1 ¼v/;kRe jkek;.k] egkRE;
egkRE; 2½½
pFn hwr pµifq bhu jwnY[ pun gulwb isµG BXo mhwnY[
BwvrsWimRq jWih rcweI [ krm-ivpwk, sÍpn-ADÎweI[
nwtk cµdR pRboD audwry[ moK-pµQ ADXwqm Bwry[
bwdI sµmq iqn ky hyro[ sµsy Kud hI KudY inbyro[ (pµQ pRkwS, pMnw 2803)
2
ArQ : dupihr dy sUrj dIAW ikrxW ivc mwrUQl dy jl dI inAweIN ijs dy AigAwn krky AwkwS, vwXU, qyj, jl qy ipRQvI
ies kRm Anuswr iqµn lok pRgt huµdy hn Aqy ijs dy igAwn krky r`sI dy srp dI inAweIN lIn ho jWdy hn[ aus Awnµd rUp qQw
sÍpRkwS rUp bRhm dI AsIN aupwsnw krdy hW[
1
25
Anuvwd :
sUq auvwc ]cOpeI]
eyk smyN nwrd muin XogI[ sB logn kY ihq aupXogI[
kRm kr sgl lok mYN gey[ s`q lok pun jwvq Bey[
dUsry do gRµQ Awp dIAW suqµqr rcnwvW hn[ “BwvrswimRq” ivc Awp jI ny SwsqR sµmq
aukqIAW-XukqIAW dy Bwv lY ky pRymw-BgqI dI mihmw dw bVw suµdr vrxn kIqw hY[ “moKS pµQ pRkwS”
vydWq dw AduqIX gRµQ hY[ Awp jI dw ieh pRXws AqI pRSMsnIX hY, ikauNik vydWq dy aupinSdBwSX,
gIqwBwSX, bRhmsUqRBwSX, (pRsQwnqRXI) AdÍYq Aqy Kµfn KµfKwdX, icqsuKI, AdÍYqisDI, lGucµidRkw,
isDWq lyssµgRh Awid vwd pRsQwnW ivc AdÍYq vydWq dy pirinSiTq ivdvwnW dy duAwrw mµQn kIqw
hoieAw, isDWq rUp AµimRq rs dw swDwrx jnqw ƒ vI lwB hovy, ies AiBpRwX ƒ lY ky Awp jI ny ies
gRµQ dI rcnw kIqI jo bRj BwSw ƒ Amolk dyx hY[ ies gRµQ dy Aµq ivc Awp jI ny SRI gurU goibµd isµG
mhwrwj jI duAwrw SsqR Aqy SwsqR dy sumyl krn dw muK audyS bVy hI suµdr SbdW ivc ibAwn kIqw
hY[2
SRI mhµq SRI mwn pµifq aUDv isµG jI neIXwXk : Awp jI dw jnm sµmq 1897 ibkRmI ƒ ipµf k`lHw
izlHw AµimRqsr ivc hoieAw[ 12 swl dI aumr ivc Awp jI SRI gurU gRµQ swihb jI dy pwTI bx gey[
15-16 swl dI aumr ivc sµsikRq pVHn leI kwSI Aw gey[ ieQy rih ky 15-16 swl Awp ny pUrI
imhnq Aqy lgn nwl ieqnw AiBAws kIqw ik auc kotI dy ivdvwn pRisD ho gey[ kwSI dy AnykW swDU
Aqy bRwhmx ividAwrQI Awp jI dy koloN AiDAYn krn lgy[ Awp dI pVHwaux dI SYlI AYsI sI ik jo
pµkqI iksy ivdvwn qoN smJ nw lgy, auh ividAwrQI Awp jI dy pwsoN Aw ky puCdy sn[ Awp jI
ivAwkrx Awid swry ivSy pVHwauNdy sn[ prµqU nXwX SwsqR dy ivSySgÎ sn[ ies krky Awp ƒ nXwX
gOqm vI ikhw jWdw sI[ pihly Awp iksy dUsry dy mkwn ivc rih ky pVHwauNdy sn[ iPr jdoN Awp dy
syvk rwie brylI vwly srdwrW ny iek mkwn (jo ik ies smyN kwSI ivc cOKµBw sµgq SRI mhµq aUDv isµG
jI nwm nwl pRisD hY) KrId ky Awp jI dy nwm lgvw idqw[ ies ivc rih ky AnykW ividAwrQI pVHwey[
ieQy hI Awp jI ny sµsikRq ivc do AdBuq gRµQW dI rcnw kIqI- 1. ABwv rhsÎ 2. AwSRm Drm rhsÎ,
ijnHW ƒ koeI ivdvwn ivAkqI hI smJ skdw hY[
Awp jI dy qyj pRqwp, Sil-suBwv, bRhm-ividAw dy pRBwv sdkw hr qrHW XogÎ jwx ky swry
inrml ByK ny srv sµmqI nwl 8 BwdRo sµmq 1953 ƒ inrml AKwVy ivc SRI mhµq pd pr suSoiBq kr
idqw[ swrw jIvn Awp jI ny inrml pµQ dI mhwn syvw kIqI[ kwSI inrml pRpµrw ivc iesy qrHW dIAW
hor vI AnykW idvÎ SKsIAqW hoeIAW hn[ ijnHW ivcoN kuJ nwm ieQy ilKdy hW:- SRI inrml pµcwieqI
AKwVy dy dUsry, qIsry, pµjvyN, CyvyN, sqvyN, A`TvyN, nOvyN Aqy vrqmwn ivc dsvyN SRI mhµq[ pµifq qwrw
isµG jI nroqm, pµifq eISr isµG jI SwsqRwrQI, pµifq dIvwn isµG jI TIkrIvwl, pµifq sµpUrx isµG
jI, pµifq guridq isµG jI, sµq hzwrw isµG jI hWfI vwly, pµifq surYx isµG jI, sµq dlyl isµG jI
1
2
iek smyN jogI rwj nwrd jI dUsirAW dy aupr ikrpw krn vwsqy smsq lok ivc BRmx krdy hoey sqX lok ivc phuµcy[
sRI gurU goibµd isµG hYN pUrx hrI Avqwr[
rcXo pµQ Bv mYN pRgt, dy iviD ko ivsqwr[
eykn ky kr KVg dY, Buj bl bhu ivsqwr[
pwln BUmI ko kirE, duStn mUl auKwr[
inrml BwKy jgq iqh, hyrY bRhm su eyk[
(moK pµQ pRkwS, pM. 610)
26
ivr`kq Awid AnykW mhwpurS kwSI ivc rih ky pVHn auprµq sµswr ivc ivcr ky bRhm ividAw dw
pRcwr pRswr kIqw[
sMq bwbw Syr isMG jI : sMq Syr isMG jI igAwnI igAwn isMG jI dy kQn Anuswr sMq msqwn isMG jI
kwSI vwilAW dy iSS sn[ Awp jI ny kwSI rih ky ividAw pRwpq kIqI[ Awp jI nUM h`QIN syvw krn dw
bVw SOk sI[ Awey gey swDU, AiqQI Aqy ZrIb-gurby dI Bojn Awid duAwrw syvw krky bVy pRsMn rihMdy
sn[ ivdvqw BrI kQw nwl siqsMgIAW dy mn nUM pRyr ky kwSI ivc Awaux vwly ividAwrQIAW, swDUAW
Aqy XwqrIAW vwsqy sQweI rUp ivc AMnCyqR clwaux leI ibkRmI sMmq 1897 muqwibk 4 nvMbr sMn
1830 eI. nUM muh`lw s`qI cONqrw vwrwxsI ivc iek mkwn ^rIidAw, ijs ivc sRI guru gRMQ swihb jI dw
pRkwS krky siqsMg Aqy bRhm ividAw dy nwl-nwl gurU ky lMgr dw Aqu`t pRvwh clw idqw[ lMgr
CkwauNidAW hr pRwxI nUM Awp siqnwm vwihgurU dw jwp krweI jWdy sn[ AYsy mhwn AMnCyqR dI mihmw
sdkw ies sQwn dw nwm sMgq bwbw Syr isMG pRis`D ho igAw, jo Aj qk mOjUd hY[ Awp jI dy gurpurI
pXwny qoN bwAd ies sQwn dw pRbMD SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl hirduAwr dy pws Aw igAw[
ies sQwn ’qy rih ky AnykW mhwpurKW Aqy ividAwrQIAW ny syvw ismrn kridAW bRhmividAw pRwpq kIqI[ sMmq 1983 eI. nUM SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw dy SRI mhMq SRImwn 108 pMifq su`cw
isMG jI mhwrwj ny purwxw mkwn igrvw ky AwDuink qrIky nwl drSnI gurduAwrw, lMgr Aqy irhwieSI
kmirAW dw inrmwx krvwieAw[ vrqmwn ivc SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl hirduAwr dy SRI
mhMq SRImwn 108 pMifq igAwndyv isMG jI vydWqwcwrIX jI dI AwigAw Anuswr dws ies sQwn ’qy rih
ky ividAw AiDAYn AiDAwpn dy nwl-nwl sQwn dy pRbMD dI syvw vI inBw rhy hn[ Aj kl ieQy 8-10
sMq Aqy ividAwrQI rih ky sMsikRq ividAw, SRI gurU gRMQ swihb, SRI dsm gRMQ swihb, BwSw gRMQ Aqy
gur ieiqhws Awid gRMQW dw AiDAYn kr rhy hn[ Swm dy smyN AwrqI pUjn qoN bwAd SRI gur pRqwp sUrj
gRMQ dI kQw vI huMdI hY[ ies sQwn dy nwl sMbMiDq iek hor mkwn ‘sMgq bwbw bIr isMG jI’ hY jo mh`lw
hVhw srwey vwrwxsI ivc siQq hY[
inrml sMsikRq ividAwlX sMgq lwhOrI tolw : kwSI ngrI ivc sMsikRq pVHn dy AiBlwKI inrmly
swDUAW dI vDdI hoeI sMiKAw nUM dyKdy hoey SRImwn mhMq jY rwm isMG jI (cyly SRImwn mhMq rwm isMG jI)
kSmIr vwilAW ny Awpxw purwxw mkwn bwbr seIXd dI glI vwlw vyc ky ibkRmI sMmq 1983 Pgx vdI
AStmI idn SnIvwr nUM rijstrI krvw ky muh`ly lwhOrI toly ivc vrqmwn inrml sMsikRq ividAwly
vwlw ivSwl Aqy hvwdwr suMdr mkwn iqAwr krvwieAw[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw pRkwS kIqw Aqy
AwSRm nUM clwaux dw swrw pRbMD Awpxy Xog iSS sMq rGuvIr isMG jI nUM sONp idqw[
sMq rGuvIr isMG jI dy smyN ies AwSRm ivc AnykW inrmly swDUAW ny ividAw dw AiDAYn
kIqw[ ienHW hI idnW ivc SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl dy s`qvyN SRI mhMq SRI mwn pMifq jIvn
isMG jI kwSI vwly ividAwrQI jIvn ivc sMmq 1959 qoN lY ky 1976 qk ieQy ividAw pVHdy rhy[ BwvyN
ieh sMpRdwX dw Awpxw suqMqr AwSRm sI[
ieQy ividAw pVHn vwly inrmly sMq Awrwm pUrvk rihMdy hn[ iPr vI ByK dw Awpxw
ividAwlX nw hox krky inrmly swDUAW nUM pVHn smyN AnÎmqwvlMbIAW koloN qrkW sihxIAW pYNdIAW sn[
ies iÂwl nUM muK r`Kky sMmq 1977 ivc hirduAwr dy ArD kuMB ’qy Awp jI ny ividAwrQI sMqW dy
duKVy suxw ky kwSI ivc iek inrml sMsikRq ividAwlX Kolx dw svwl auTwieAw[ Awp jI dy ies
27
praupkwr1, inmrqw Aqy inSkwm syvw nUM dyKidAW hoieAW sBnW ny Awp jI dy SuB sMklp dI pROVqw
kIqI[ aus vyly sMqW mhMqW ny ividAwlX dy inimq mwieAw dy Ardwsy krwauxy SurU kr idqy[
Awp jI dw ihrdY Aijhw pRPuilq hoieAw ik ies kwrj nUM pUrx krn vwsqy auQoN hI isDw
AMimRqsr, lwhOr, gujrwq Awid SihrW ivc gey[ swrI sMgq ny Awp jI dw siqkwr kridAW nkd
mwieAw Byt kIqI Aqy A`gy vwsqy slwnw cMdy vI ilKvw idqy[ jdoN jwixAw ik ieh mwieAw ividAwlX
vwsqy prXwpq hY, qdoN Awp jI ny sMmq 1977 ibkRmI cYqR vdI 15 mìsAw nUM SRI inrml sMsikRq
ividAwlX kwSI ivc sQwipq kr idqw[ smW pw ky ies ividAwlX dI kwSI dy sMsikRq ividAwilAW
ivc ivSyS pRisDI ho geI, ikauNik ies ivc SurU qoN lY ky Aj qk keI SwsqRwrQI Aqy SwsqRW dy gUV
rhsÎ nUM pRiqpwdn krn vwly ivdvwn pMifq pVHwauNdy rhy XQw:- pMifq kwlI pRswd imSr Awid[ ies
ividAwlX dy ividAwrQIAW ivcoN vI inrml ByK dIAW keI mhwn ivBUqIAW inklIAW, ijnHW ny dyS dy
kony-kony qk bRhm-ividAw, kQw-pRcwr Aqy SwsqRwrQW duAwrw gurmiq isDWq nUM jn-jn qk
phuMcwieAw[
iesy qrHW pMifq eISr isMG jI kwSI vwly, pMifq goivMd isMG jI swDU (gMfw isMG), pMifq Bwn
isMG jI nXwX gOqm, suAwmI sMq isMG jI, A`TvyN SRI mhMq sucw isMG jI mhwrwj, nOvyN SRI mhMq pMifq
blvIr isMG jI SwsqRI, pMifq Arjn isMG jI munI, kiv hirBjn isMG jI, SRImwn mhMq gurdIp isMG
jI kysrI, pMj suvrn pdk ivjyqw pIAYc. fI., fI. ilt. fw. rwmpwl isMG jI SwsqRI idlI vwly inrml
ByK dy gOrvmeI ivdvwn hn[ ienHW ivcoN kuJ mhwpurKW ny keI Amolk gRMQ vI pMQ dI JolI pwey, ijnHW nUM
pVH ky Aj qk ivdvwn lok lwBwnivq ho rhy hn[ ienHW ivcoN pMifq eISr isMG jI kwSI vwly bVy
pRiqBwSwlI, SwsqRwrQI pMifq sn[ Awp jI dI SwsqRwrQ krn dI SYlI, myDwSkqI2 ApUrv Aqy ivlkSx
sI[ Kt drSn swDU smwj dy ivdÍwn Awp jI nUM SwsqRwrQ ivc bYiTAW dyK ky BY BIq ho jWdy sn[ Awp
jI ny pUry Bwrq ivc ivcr ky SwsqRwrQ duAwrw ivdÍwn vrg ivc gurmiq isDWq rUpI sugMDI nUM
ibKyirAw[ Awp jI ny cwr mhwn gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI- 1. gurmiq idg ivjÎ 2. buDI bwrD 3. vwihgurU
mMqRwrQ (sMsikRq, ihMdI, pMjwbI) 4. sÍY sÍpn nwtk[ pMifq goibMd isMG jI ny- 1. nXwX isDWq mukqwvlI
dI ihMdI tIkw 2. vydWq pirBwSw dI ihMdI tIkw 3. vYrwg Sqk aupr itpxI 4. audXog qQw pRwrbD 5.
ieiqhws gurU Kwlsw (ihMdI) Awidk gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI[ pMifq Arjun isMG jI ny sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI
dy mwJ rwg pRXMq ‘SRI pRym pRboiDnI ihMdI ivAwiKAw kIqI[ SRI mhMq pMifq blbIr isMG SwsqRI jI ny SRI
gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy SbdwrQ dI ihMdI tIkw kIqI[ ies qrHW ies ividAwly ivcoN pVyH hoey hor keI
mhwpurKW ny lyKnI duAwrw mhwn aupkwr kIqw hY[
ies ividAwlX nUM hI ieh gOrv pRwpq hY ik swfy dyS dy dUsry pRDwn mMqrI SRI lwl bhwdur
SwsqRI bcpn ivc ies ividAwlX ivc pVHdy rhy[ aus qoN vI AqI gOrvqw hY ik SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw
inrmlw dy vrqmwn SRI mhMq prm pUjX srv SwsqR inSxwq SRI mwn 108 SRI mhMq igAwndyv isMG jI
ny vI ieQy hI rih ky ividAw pRwpq kIqI[
SRImwn mhMq rGubIr isMG jI qoN bwAd keI mhwpurKW ny ies ividAwlX dI ijmyvwrI
inBwauNidAW hoieAW inSkwm syvw kIqI[ ijvyN ik SRImwn mhMq gopwl isMG jI, SRImwn mhMq gurbKS isMG
propkwrwX PliNq v÷@w: propkwrwX vhiNq n´:[
propkwrwX duhiNq gwv: propkwrwQ~imd< SrIrm`[[
2
bui©áqwËkwilkIzyXw miqrwgwim gocrw[
põzw nvnvoNmy† SwilnI põiqBw< ivdu:[[
1
(suBwi†q)
(Bq~÷ hir)
28
jI, SRImwn mhMq gurdIp isMG jI kysrI Aqy aunHW dy iSS mhwn ivdvwn, ivnmR, ividAwrQIAW dy
ihqkwrI SRImwn mhMq rGubIr isMG SwsqRI jI, ijnHw ny kw&I smW ijmyvwrI inBwauNidAW hoieAW kuJ smW
pihly 25-5-2007 nUM ividAwlX sihq ieh AwSRm SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl hirduAwr dy
nwm bKSIS nwmy vjoN ilK idqw[ audoN qoN lY ky ieh inrml sMsikRq ividAwlX AwSRm, SRI pMcwieqI
AKwVw inrmlw dy pRbMD hyT bhuq sucwrU rUp nwl cl irhw hY[ Ajkl ieQy keI swDU Aqy ividAwrQI
ividAw gRihx kr rhy hn, ijnHW dy Bojn qQw invws Awid dw swrw pRbMD inrml AKwVy vloN kIqw jWdw
hY[
sMgq igAwn guPw krx GMtw kwSI : ieh sMgq igAwn guPw AwSRm inrml AwSRm irSIkyS dI SwKw hY[
ijs nUM sMq Twkur idAwl isMG jI dy poqy cyly SRI mwn pMifq Avqwr isMG jI ny sMn 1901 eI. ivc
bxvwieAw, qW ik bwhroN pVHn Awey ividAwrQIAW Aqy swDUAW nUM rihx-sihx dI kiTnweI nw hovy[
Awp sÍXM ivAwkrx Aqy nXwX dy AduqIX ivdvwn sn[ Awp jI dy pws rih ky bhuq swDU Aqy
ividAwrQI ividAw pVHdy rhy[ Awp jI sMn 1924 eI. ivc sMgq igAwn guPw AwSRm SRImwn sMq bwbw
bu`Fw isMG jI irSIkyS vwilAW dy spurd krky bRhmlIn ho gey[ sMq bwbw bu`Fw isMG jI ny sMn 1929 eI.
ivc nwl lgdw mkwn ^rId ky AwSRm nUM hor vI ivSwl rUp dy idqw[ ieQy hI rih ky Awp jI dy XogÎ
iSS sMq bwbw blvMq isMG jI igAwnI pVHdy rhy, jo ik gurmiq, BwSw Aqy sMsikRq dy ApUrv igAwqw
sn[ ijnHW dy pws inrml bwZ AwSRm hirduAwr ivc rih ky pMQ rqn aupwDI nwl ivBUiSq isK pMQ dy
mhwn ivdÍwn SRImwn igAwnI sMq isMG jI mskIn ividAw pRwpq krdy rhy[ ies gl dw izkr mskIn
swihb ny Awpxy lYkcrW Aqy pusqkW ivc kIqw hY[
iesy hI iSMRKlw ivc SRImwn sMq bwbw in`kw isMG jI ivr`kq ieQoN dy sMq ividAwrQIAW ivcoN
mhwn purK hoey, ijnHW ny swrw jIvn ivr`kq rih ky SwsqR-icMqn, ividAwdwn, siqkrm, propkwr Aqy
nwm ismrn dw aupdyS dy ky AnykW ijigAwsUAW nUM gurU crnW nwl joiVAw[ Awp jI dw inrml ByK Aqy
Kt drSn swDU smwj ivc AqI pRBwv sI[ iesy qrHW sMq Arjn isMG iBKSU, dyvw isMG jI igAwnI, sMq
ikSn isMG jI SwsqRI, sMq Bgq isMG jI SwsqRI Awid AnykW mhwpurKW ny ieQy rih ky ividAw pRwpq
kIqI[ vrqmwn ivc SRImwn mhMq rwm isMG jI Aqy SRImwn sMq joD isMG jI ny inrml AwSRm vloN AnykW
syvwvW dy nwl-nwl ividAw dy pRcwr-pRswr nUM muK rKidAW ies sQwn dw vI jIrx auDwr krvw ky Awey
gey AiqQIAW Aqy swDU-mhwqmw dy rihx-sihx vwsqy mhwn auprwlw kIqw hY[
bRhm kutI AwSRm : pMifq hrw isMG jI mhwrwj inrml ByK dy mhwn ivdvwn hoey hn[ Awp jI sRI gurU
gRMQ swihb, gur ieiqhws, BwSw Awid gRMQW dy bVy KojI sn[ Awp jI Awpxy gurdyv sMq rqn isMG jI
AtwrI vwilAW dI AwigAw Anuswr sMsikRq ividAw pVHn vwsqy kwSI Awey[ keI vrHy pVH ky Kt drSnI
pMifq pRis`D hoey[ pUrb dyS ivc Awp jI dy pRcwr dw ^wsw pRBwv sI, ijs krky Awp jI dy syvk bwbU
rwmDwrI shwie klk`qy vwilAW ny kwSI ivc mIr Gwt dy smIp iek suMdr sQwn bxvw idqw, jo Aj kl
bRhm kutI nwm krky pRis`D hY[ ieQy rih ky aunHW AnykW bRwhmx, swDU pVHwey Aqy Awey gey pUrbI syvkW
nUM siqnwm mMqR dw aupdyS idqw[ Awp jI dy pRymIAW ny ieQy pVHn vwly swDU-sMqW vwsqy AMnCyqR vI SurU kr
idqw[ Awp jI srIr dy purSwrQI sn[ iek vyrW Awp jI nUM sMklp PuirAw ik ijs qrHW purwxW dw pRcwr
krn leI ivdÍwn lokW ny mhwBwrq, Bwgvq Awid gRMQ BwSw ivc rcy hn[ ausy qrHW sUrj pRkwS Awid
gur ieiqhws dw pUrb dyS dy ivdÍwn pMifqW ivc pRswr-pRcwr krn leI sMsikRq ivc iek gRMQ iqAwr
krnw cwhIdw hY[
29
ies sMklp nMU muK r`Kky Awp jI ny dsW gurUAW dw pivqR jIvn cirqR ieMdRvjRw, AnuStup
Awid CMdW duAwrw sMsikRq gRMQ dy rUp ivc ilpI-bD kIqw, ijs dw nwm ‘gurUisDWq pwirjwq’ hY, jo sMmq
1941 nUM iSvrwqRI vwly idn sMpUrn hoieAw[ ieh Awp jI dI sMsikRq swihqX nUM dyx hY[ ijs ivc sMCyp
SbdW duAwrw siqgurW dy sMpUrx jIvn cirqR dw vrxn krky mwno gwgr ivc swgr hI Br idqw[ ies
dy mMglw crx qoN AnMqr, AwrMB vwly kuC slokW dI ivAwiKAw ieQy krdy hWmUl :
mdõdy
dS
y y mhwpu&Xy qlv&fIiq nwimkw[ ngrI
ngrI sËsmwÂwNqw
sËsmwÂwNqw pu&Xw&Xsmwv÷qw[[2[[
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qZ @Zkuly pu&Xy jwq: kØXwxnwmk:[
kØXwxnwmk:[ qáX BwXw~ suSIlwsIq` sqI q÷Îqyiq nwimkw[[3[[
nwimkw[[3[[
SwáZwi@vwxrwky
SwáZwi@vwxrwkySs<$Xwqy SuBvËsry[ rvO my†y q÷qIXwXw< isqyp@y SuByidny[[4[[
rwZyXwmy cquQ~yqu qáXw<
qáXw< jwqomhwSX:[ gu{ nwnk{pyx kildo†wphohir:[[5[[
ivAwiKAw- mhwn pivqR pMjwb dyS ivc bgIicAW dy duAwrw iGrI hoeI qlvMfI nwmk iek ngrI hY[2[
aus ngrI AMdr pivqR CqRI kul (bydI kul) ivc klXwx dws nwm vwly iek CqRI sn[ aunHW dI pqnI
iqRpqw jI piqbRq Drm Xukq bVy suSIl suBw vwlI sI[3[ suB sMmq 1526 ibkRmI ijs smyN sUrj myS
rwSI ivc Sukl p`K SuB idn nUM rwq dy cOQy pihr AMimRq vyly klXug dy doSW nUM nws krn vwsqy
prmipqw SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy rUp ivc pRgt hoie[4[5[
ies qrHW Awp jI ny pRym Xukq Aqy ivdvqw Bry SbdW duAwrw ieh gur ieiqhws rUpI Amolk
^zwnw iqAwr krky ivdÍwn vrg qk phuMcwieAw Aqy SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhwrwj dy audyS nUM swkwr
krn dw mhwn Xqn kIqw[
aupsMhwr- kwSI dI inrml pRMprw dw ieh gOrvmeI ieiqhws inrml sMpRdwX qQw isK smwj leI iek
pRyrxw sRoq hY[ jo kOmW Aqy sMpRdwvW Awpxy pUrvjW pwsoN imlI hoeI ivrwsq Aqy ieiqhws dI mihmw nUM nw
jwx ky Bu`l jwieAw krdIAW hn, auh hOlI-hOlI kuJ smW pw ky pqn dw iSkwr ho jwieAw krdIAW hn[
iesy qrHW vrqmwn smyN dI pirsiQqI nUM dyKdy hoey AYsw mihsUs huMdw hY ik jykr AsIN swry Awpxy gurU
jnW Aqy qqÍvyqw mhwpurKW v`loN clweIAW hoeIAW bRhm ividAw dy pTn-pwTn, swihiqXk rcnw Aqy
pRcwr-pRswr dIAW ienHW pRMprwvW dy inrMqr inrvwh v`loN eysy qrHW pRmwd gRsq rhy XwnI aunHW dy punr
auQwn leI jwigRq nw hoey qW ieh kyvl khwxIAW bx ky hI rih jwxgIAW Aqy ieh krwey hoey sYmInwr
vI kyvl SRm mwqr hI hoxgy[ ies krky dwsW dI swry pUjX mhwpurKW Aqy ivdÍq s`jxW nUM pRwrQnw hY ik
AwpW swry iml ky aunHW mhwnuBwvW dy ies ivrsy nUM sMBwlx dw Xqn krIey[ ijs krky aunHW dI pRsMnqw dy
pwqR bx skIey[ siqgurW dy AwSIrvwd sdkw kwSI dI inrml pRMprw dw ieh ieiqhws AsIN sÍlp SbdW
duAwrw ilKx dw inmwxw ijhw Xqn kIqw hY[ AwSw krdy hW ik swry mhwpurK Aqy ivdvq s`jx swfIAW
qrutIAW nUM nw dyKdy hoey AwsIs pRdwn krngy[
30
inrml ByK qQw inrmly sMqW dw smwj nUM srv p`KI Xogdwn
sµq drSn isµG SwsqRI
sµq sqnwm isµG SwsqRI
sµq jsivµdr isµG SwsqRI*
< swrIAW sMpRdwvW dw mUl hY “EAMkwr Awid mY jwnw”1 “Ek Ev purw vyd: pRxv:
sv~vwçÓX:”2 bRhmw jI dy muK qoN sB qoN pihlW EAMkwr Sbd inkilAw “Ao<kwr»wQ SÑd» ªwvyqO
bRHÓx: purw”3 EAMkwr igAwn srUp hY, EAMkwr dy ivc hI sMpUrx vydW, SwsqrW, simRqIAW Aqy gurbwxI
Awid dw gUV rhsÎ iCipAw hoieAw hY[ aus igAwn rUp gUV qqÍ dw AnuBv krky vyd ivAws jI ny auh
gupq igAwn sB qoN pihlW Awpxy cwr cyilAW nUM cwr vydW dy rUp ivc id`qw[
1. irgvyd dw igAwn pwiel nUM
2. Xjurvyd dw igAwn vYSMpwien nUM
3. swmvyd dw igAwn jYimnI nUM
4. AQrvvyd dw igAwn dwrux sumMqU nUM
XQw- EAMkwir byd inrmey]4
aus vyd rUp gUV rhsX dI vYidk pRMprw cwr vydW dy rUp ivc pRvwihq huMdI rhI aus gUV qqÍ
nUM smJxw sB dy vwsqy srl nhIN sI[ ies kwrn vyd ivAws jI ny cwr aupvydW dI rcnw kIqI[5 pRMqU
SrDwlUAW dI SrDw inrgux Aqy srgux rUp ivc v`KrI-v`KrI hox krky, inrgux Aqy srgux sMpRdwvW
dI auqpqI hoeI[ inrgux sMpRdwX dI ivcwrDwrw vydWq dy rUp ivc pRcilq hoeI Aqy srgux sMpRdwX dI
ivcwrDwrw v`KrI-v`KrI SYv, Swkq Aqy vYSxv Awid dy rUp ivc pRcilq hoeI[ srgux ivcwrDwrw nUM
muK r`Kky vyd ivAws jI ny aus EAMkwr rUp gUV qqÍ dI srgux ivAwiKAw Aqy aupwsnw nUM AqI srl
rUp ivc smJwaux vwsqy ‘ATwrW purwxW’6 dI rcnw kIqI aus pOrwixk krm-kWf nUM SwsqR sMmq ivDI
* SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw, sI/ky 13/12 s`qI cONqrw, kwSI (vwrwxsI)[ Pon nM. 0542-2400366
1
AoimËXyqd@rimd< sv~< qáXopÛXw$Xwn< BUq< Bv¬ivàXidiq sv~moçëwr Ev[
XÇcwNXiËZkwlwqIq< qdoÎXo<kwr Ev[[1[[
(mwfu#X ap. in., Aw. pR.)
svy~ vydw Xq` pdmwmniNq qpw<is svw~ix XªdiNq[[
X<idÇCNqo bRHÓcX~< criNq qÁy pd< s<gRhx
y bRvIMXoimËXyqq`
(kTopin†d`, 1-15)
EAMkwr Awid mY jwnw] iliK Aru mytY qwih n mwnw]
EAMkwr lKY jau koeI] soeI liK mytxw n hoeI ]6]
(sRI. gu. gRM. sw., pMnw 340)
2
‰Im¬wgvq, 1-14-47
3
Ao<kwr»wQ SÑd» ªwvyqO bRHÓx: purw[
k&T< iBËvw ivinXw~qO qámwNmwçîilkwvuBO[[
(nwrd purwx, 51-10)
4
EAMkwir bRhmw auqpiq] EAMkwru kIAw ijin iciq]
EAMkwir sYl jug Bey] EAMkwir byd inrmey]
(sRI. gu. gRM. sw., pMnw 929)
5
AwXuvy~d, Dnuv~yd, gwNDv~yd, AQ~vyd
6
mªX< BªX< cYv bRZX< vcquÃXm`, AnwpilçîkUákwin purwxwin pRc@qy[
(1) mËáX (2) mwk~&fyX (3) BivàX (4) Bwgvq (5) bRhÓw&f (6) bRhÓvYvq~ (7) bRhÓw (8) vwmn (9) vwrwh (10) ivàxu (11) vwXu
(iSv`) (12) Ai^n (13) nwrd (14) p® (15) il<g (16) g{f (17) kUm~ (18) sukNd
31
nwl sMpwdn krn leI simRqIAW dI rcnw hoeI[ vydW SwsqRW, purwxW Aqy simRqIAW dy AwDwr ’qy pRMprwvW
dI ivcwrDwrw iBMn-iBMn hox krky iviBMn sMpRdwvW pRcilq hoeIAW[
swrIAW sMpRdwvW dy ivdÍwn Awpxy-Awpxy AnuBv Anuswr aus EAMkwr qqÍ dw hI pRiqpwdn
krdy hn ikauNik AnuBv hr iek dw iBMn-iBMn hY ‘Ek< siªpRw bhuDw vdiNq’1 ‘Awpu AwpunI buiD hY
jyqI] brnq iBMn iBMn huih qyqI]’2 ausy EAMkwr rUp Su`D AdÍYq qqÍ dw hI pRiqpwdn siqgurU SRI gurU
nwnk dyv jI ny gurbwxI rUp ivc kIqw Aqy Esy hI AdÍYq pwrmwriQk qqÍ dÍwrw qpdI hoeI lokweI nUM
SWq krn vwsqy sMswr dIAW cwr mhwn XwqRwvW kIqIAW jo cwr audwsIAW dy nwm nwl pRis`D hn[
is`K ieiqhws ivc izkr AwieAw hY ik BwdRoN sudI 13 sMmq 1564 nUM SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI
mhwrwj sulqwnpur loDI ieSnwn krn smyN kwlI vyeIN ndI ivc pRvyS ho ky scKMf phuMcy Aqy inrMkwr dy
dr ’qy ‘so dru kyhw so Gru kyhw ijqu bih srb smwly’ vwlw Sbd aucwrx krky inrMkwr dI ausqqI
kIqI[ inrMkwr ny pRsMn ho ky sMswr dy kilAwx vwsqy ‘mUl mMqR’ dw aupdyS Aqy inrml ByK ‘bKiSS’3
krky vwps ByijAw[
siqgurU jI vyeIN ndI ivcoN ‘sMq Gwt’ vwly sQwn ’qy ijs smyN bwhr inkly aus smyN BweI
BgIrQ jo ik siqgurU jI dy vsqR lY ky iqMn idn qoN Afol inScX Dwrx krky siqgurU jI dy drSnW
leI KVw sI, crxW ’qy Fih ipAw[ siqgurU jI ny aus dy pRym, SRDw Aqy BgqI qoN pRsMn ho ky mUl mMqR dw
aupdyS Aqy inrml ByK bKiSS kIqw Aqy ikhw ik ieh Akwl purK dI Amolk dwq hY jo swnUM pRwpq
hoeI hY, sB qoN pihlW AsIN qYnUM dy rhy hW ies mMqR dw AiBAws kro Aqy sMswr dI mnu`Kqw qoN krvwE[
ies pRkwr ies inrml ByK ’qy mUl mMqR dI bKiSS dy pRQm pwqR BweI BgIrQ jI bxy[ aunHW ny siqgurU
jI dI ausqqI ivc iek ‘vwr’ vI aucwrI hYbwbw vyeIN nwie ky scKMf mYN phuqw jweI]
ivSndyv KuS hoie kY gurmMqR dy klw vKweI]4
‘nwnk pRkwS’ ivc kiv sMqoK isMG jI ny vI siqgurU jI dw ByK isr ’qy do Zz dw prnw, gl
ivc k&nI, kOpIn aupr BgvW cwdrw (gwqI) ies qrHW dw vrxn keI jgh kIqw hY, XQwisr pr nukqw Xugl gj, gl k&nI vr cIr]
sMbXwnw ‘BgvW’ sjy DwirE ByK srIr]5
ˆgvyd
AnuBvwi‰q< SwáZmnuBv» p÷Qk-p÷Qk[
qámwÇCwZ< pRmwx< n sËXw<SáqZ kyvl:[[
(s<qo† gIqw)
2
cOpeI swihb pw: 10
3
pihlw bwby pwieAw bKs dr ipCo dy iPr Gwl kmweI] (vwrW BweI gurdws, vwr 1, pauVI 24.)
4
bwbw vyNeI nwie ky, scKMf mY phuqw jweI[ ivSndyv KuS hoey kY, gur mMqR dy klw vKweI[
hQ kmMfl mwl gl, Awsn Awsw paUey dweI[ topI colw brx ny Bytw dy gl sylI pweI[
vyNeI ivcoN inkly qn pr BgvY bsn suhweI[ bYTy kbr sQwn mY drSn ko aumfI lokweI[
vwihgurU siqnwm dy cwir vyd ko swr bqweI[ inrml pMQ clwieE eyk ivvyk Bgiq idRVweI[ (vwr BgIrQI, pauVI 33)
5
nwnk pRkwS, AiDXwÎ 33
dohrw- byK gurU ko dyK kr ipq ivsyK irs mwn[
kt kupIn iek nukq isr do BgvyN sMbÎwn[
(nwnk pRkwS, AiDXwÎ 41)
cwir ptMbr pun pSmMbr[ pihry SuiBq ivSwlih suMdr[
so BgvyN Dwr cIr srIrw[ bYsy iem sj ByK srIrw[ (nwnk pRkwS, AiDXwÎ 34)
1
32
jnm swKI dy m`ky dI goSit dy pRsMg ivc rukndIn dy svwl krn ’qy ik Awp jI dw i&rkw
(mq) ikhVw hY ? siqgurU jI ny ies pRkwr auqr id`qw[
kilXug nwnk ‘inrmlw’ gur cylw prvwx]
pwir auqwir sBnw siqnwm dy dwn]
kilXug nwnk ‘inrmlw’ pMQ clwieE Awie]
vyd kqybhu bwhrw jpdy eyk Kudwie]1
‘sO swKI’ Anuswr SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy iek hzUrI isK BweI rwm kuier jI pws swDU bxn
dI ieCw vwly kuC ijigAwsU isKW dy pu`Cx ’qy ik AsIN iks pMQ dy swDU hoeIey ? aus smyN rwm kuier jI
ny inrml pMQ bwry kuC kQn kIqw, Esy kQn nUM igAwnI igAwn isMG jI ny mUl rUp ivc iliKAw hYrwm kOr ieh pRSn sun ky] kihn lgy auqr iem gun ky]
….inrml pMQ ieh gurU clwXo[ SRI gurU nwnk Kud pRgtwXo]
jb gur dsmyN isMG sjwey[ qb ien ko dXo suDw Ckwey]
jYso bYrwgI sMinAwsI[ pUj ihMd ky sMq AnwsI]
qYso isMG pMQ ky ieh hY[ mwnn pUjn jog rcY hYN[2
inrml Sbd sMsikRq BwSw dw hY[ ies dI vÎuqp`qI hY ‘ing~q: ml: Xámwq` s inm~l:’ ArQwq
inkl gXw hY ml ijs sy, auh hY inrml[ ies ivc do pd hn iek ‘inr’ Aqy dUsrw ‘ml’3[ ‘ml’ dw
ArQ hY- mYl, pwp Awid[ ies dy pUrv ‘inr’ aupsrg joV dyx nwl ies dw ArQ piv`qR, pwp rihq,
pRkwS, klMk rihq Awid ho jWdw hY[ jo vsqU AiqAMq Su`D Aqy piv`qR hovy aus nUM AsI inrml Sbd nwl
sMboDn krdy hW[ ijnHW ijigAwsUAW, gurmuKW, gurU ipAwirAW ny SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy aus AdÍYq isDWq
rUpI inrml aupdyS Anuswr Awpxy jIvn nUM Fwl ilAw jW aus aupdyS dy DwrxI ho ky auc Awcrx,
piv`qR ivcwr, inrml krm Aqy nwm AiBAws dÍwrw AhMqw-mmqw Awid aupwDI qoN rihq jIvn,
AwqmwnMd sÍrUp ivc siQqI pRwpq kIqI aunHW ijigAwsUAW dI sMigAw inrml ho geIjo inrmlu syvy su inrmlu hovY]4
swD nwm inrml qw ky krm]5
mwieAw mmqw qn qy BwgI aupijE inrml igAwnu]6
inrml qy jo rwmih jwn]7
aunHW dI kIrqI vI au~jl Aqy bwxI vI AMimRq dy smwn ho jWdI hYinrml soBw AMimRq qw kI bwnI]8
1
2
jnmswKI, (m`ky dI goSit, pauVI 40).
pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 1246.
jnm jnm kI iesu mn kau mlu lwgI kwlw hoAw isAwhu]
KMnlI DoqI aujlI n hoveI jy sau Dovix pwhu] (sRI. gu. gRM. sw., pMnw 651)
4
sRI. gu. gRM. sw., pMnw 121.
5
6
7
8
3
33
ienHW vcnW Anuswr ijnHW gurmuKW ny AwpxI ic`q-ivR`qI nUM gurU Sbd nwl joiVAw Aqy sMswirk
ieCwvW iv`qySxw, puqRySxw, lokySxw ienHW pRbl ieCwvW qoN aupr auT ky prm sqÎ nwl AByd ho gey, aunHW
vwsqy gurU Arjn dyv jI ny inrml Sbd nwl sMq pd vI joV idqwnwnk sMq inrml Bey ijn min visAw soie]1
aunHW gurmuKW ivcoN ijhVy inrivR`qI dy cwhvwn ibhMgm ivR`qI vwly sMswr qoN vYrwgvwn ho ky gurU
AwigAw ivc qqpr rhy, aunHW vwsqy ivSyS krky inrml Sbd rUV ho igAw Aqy ijhVy pRivR`qI dy ieCuk
Aqy igRhsq ivc rih ky gurU AwigAw duAwrw Awpxw jIvn inrbwh krdy rhy, auh kyvl isK AKvwey[
ies gl dI puStI igAwnI igAwn isMG jI ny ‘inrml pMQ pRdIpkw’ pusqk ivc kIqI hY, “kwhy qy sRI
gurU nwnk jI sy lykr dsvyN pwqSwh pRXMq jo log igRhsqI syvk hoqy rhy so kyvl isK gurU ky mShUr rhy
AOr jo ibhMgm vYrwgXvwn igRhsq CoV ky aupdyS lykr cyly gurU ky hoqy rhy so inrmly isK sdwvqy rhy
hY[ iehu do sMgÎw pihly idn qy gurU Gr myN isKW dI QI, soeI Ab hY[”2
jd gurU nwnk dyv jI ny gurU AMgd dyv jI nUM Anyk pRkwr ksOtI duAwrw XogÎ jwx ky gurqw
g`dI Aqy Awpxw inrml ByK dy ky invwijAw, aus smyN dw izkr BweI gurdws jI ny AwpxI vwr ivc
ies qrHW kQn kIqw hYmwirAw iskw jgq ivc nwnk inrml pMQ clwXw]
QwipAw lihxw jIvdY guirAweI isr CqR iPrwXw]3
sRI gurU Arjn dyv jI mhwrwj dy sm`kS mQurw B`t ny vI siqgurW dy inrml ByK dI ausqqI
ies pRkwr kIqI hYinrml ByK Apwr qwsu ibnu Avru n koeI[4
SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI qoN lY ky sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI pRXMq swry inrmly mhwpurKW dIAW gurU
pRMprwvW dsW gurU swihbW nwl juVdIAW hn, ijnHW dw vyrvw pusqk ‘sMpRdwX bMswvlI’ ivc ivsqwr nwl
iliKAw hY5[ ienHW swry pRmwxW dy duAwrw inrml ByK dI ivAwpkqw, pRwcInqw Aqy sRyStqw sÍqh isD ho
jWdI hY[ buDIjIvI ivdÍwn s`jxw leI qW sMkyq mwqR hI prÎwpq hY, pRMqU hTDrmI Aqy kuqrkI vwsqy qW
hzwrW vYidk Aqy gurbwxI pRmwx BI koeI mh`qv nhIN rKdy[
ijs pRkwr iek bUty nUM lwaux vwlw mhwn ho skdw hY, pRMqU jo bUty nUM pwxI idMdw hY, gofI krdw
hY AQvw vkq bw vkq ausdI dyK Bwl krdw hoieAw, aus nUM Pl dyx dy kwibl bxwauNdw hY jW bxwaux
dw Xqn krdw hY, aus dI mhwnqw nUM vI iksy qrHW A`KW qoN proKy nhIN kIqw jw skdw[ ies ivc koeI S`k
nhIN ik ‘mwirAw iskw jgq ivc nwnk inrml pMQ clwieAw’ prMqU ijQy SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI nUM AsIN
inrml pMQ dy rcnhwr Aqy sMcwlk mMndy hW, auQy aunHW ny jo ies bUty leI Awpxy bwkI swry srUpW ivc
Aqy dsvyN jwmy ivc kIqw, aus nUM vI nzr AMdwz nhIN kIqw jw skdw, ikauNik koeI vI rwStr Aqy
smwj qdoN qk aunqI dy isKr pr AwrUF nhIN ho skdw, jdoN q`k aus dy AMdr ivdvqw Aqy ivdÍq jnW
dI bhulqw nw hovy ikauNik ikhw igAw hY ik-
inrml pMQ pRdIpkw, pMnw 7.
3
vwrW BweI gurdws, vwr 1 pauVI 45.
4
1
2
“gurU Arjun jih bYT kr bWDI bIV su gRMQ[ jih pRswd sB jgq mY clih inrml pMQ”] (gu. ib. pw. 6)
5
inrml ByK dw sMKyp ieiqhws Aqy sMprdwX bMswvlI, mhMq hrI isMG vYdrwj[
34
swihËXswihËX-s<gIqIq- klwivhIn: sw@wËpSu
sw@wËpSu: puÇCiv†wxhIn:[
Civ†wxhIn: 1
kvI smRwt BrQrI hrI jI dy ies kQn Anuswr ijQy ividAw-ivhIn ivAkqI dyS Aqy smwj
dy vwsqy Bwr rUp hY,2 auQy pivqR jIvn sihq ivdÍwn dyS Aqy smwj vwsqy Amolk rqn hY[ iesy sMklp
nUM muK r`K ky SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhwrwj ny guris`KW nUM BwrqIX sMsikRqI, sBÎqw Aqy snwqn Drm
dI rìKAw dw aupdyS id`qw[ jo lokW dy mnW AMdr kwierqw, Awqm Bwv hInqw, inrblqw Gr kr cukI
sI, aus nUM ^qm krn vwsqy pwauNtw swihb dI pivqR Drw ’qy SwsqRW Aqy SsqRW dw eykIkrx kIqw[3
sMmq 1742 muqwibk 1686 eI. nUM gurU jI ny iek idn ivSyS smwgm bulw ky sd aupdyS dyNdy
hoey ‘ividAw dI mhwnqw’ drsweI4 Aqy sB nUM ividAw pVHn dw aupdyS id`qw[ iesy iek`T AMdr gurU jI
ny pMj inrmly sMqW dI cox kIqI jo ik gurbwxI, BwSw Aqy gurU ieiqhws dy pihly hI igAwqw sn, ienHW
pMjW sMqW dy nwm sn, 1. sMq krm isMG jI 2. sMq rwm isMG jI 3. sMq gMfw isMG jI 4. sMq bIr isMG jI
5. sMq sYxw isMG jI[ ienHW pMjW sMqW nUM gurU jI ny gyrUey vsqR pihnw ky h`QW ivc ic`pIAW dy kr AYsw
ivr`kq sMqW vwlw vyS dy ky AwigAw kIqI ik qusIN kwSI (bnwrs) ivc jw ky sMsikRq ividAw dw
AiDAYn kro[ sMsikRq ividAw ivc pUrxqw pRwpq krky vwps gurU Gr ivc Aw ky hor dUsry gurisKW nUM
pTn-pwTn krvwE, swfw AwSIrvwd sdYv quhwfy nwl rhygw[ ies pRkwr AwSIrvwd Aqy bhuq swry vr
dy ky bnwrs vl qoridAW hoieAW muK qoN &rmwieAwjwE ! myry lwl pwl krhY Akwl QwrI[ swrI suK sMpdw mYN vwrI isr QwrI pY[
kwm kRoD loB qÎwg swg pwq Kwie bh[ bt hUM kI CwXw AQw suMny Gr Fwry pY[
bRhmcwrI rIiq joeI hoeI ivpRIq soeI[ soeI Ab pRgtI Xo dyS ies swry pY[
vrx qumwry Ab AwSRm sMnÎws BXo[ lXo hY ArUj pd aUc cMd qwry pY[
ies qrHW AwigAw Aqy KuSIAW pRwpq kr ky pMjW mhwpurKW ny kwSI ivc jw ky ‘cyqn mT’5 vwly
vwly sQwn ’qy Awsn lw ky Drm pRcwr dI lgn Aqy pMQ ivc sMsikRq ividAw dI pRivRqI dy auqSwh nwl
AxQ`k AiBAws, grmI-srdI, BuK-ipAws, suK-duK Awid nUM shn krdy hoey vyd, vydWg, Kt SwsqR,
purwx, simRqIAW, ieiqhws Awid swrI ividAw ivc inpuxqw pRwpq krky lgpg 13 vrS qoN bwAd iPr
slok 12 (nIqI Sqk, SRI BrQrI hrI)
inMdRw Bojn Bog BY ieh psu purK smwn[
nrn igAwn inj AiDkqw igXwn ibnw psu jwn[ (swrukqwvlI, AiD. 3, slok 13)
AwhwrindRwBXmYQn
u win swmwNXmyqq` pSuiBn~rwxwm`[
zwn< nrwxwmiDko ivSy†o zwnyn hInw: pSuiB smwnw[[ (sUÂwvlI, Ülok 13)
2
Xy†w< n iv´w n qpo n dwn<, zwn< n SIl< n guxo n Dm~:[
qy mËX~loky Buiv BwrBUqw mnuàX }pyx m÷gw»riNq[[ (nIiq Sqk, Ülok 13)
3
SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI, pUrx hrI Avqwr[
rcXo pMQ Bv mYN pRgt, do iviD ko ivsqwr[
eykn ky kr KVg dY, Buj bl bhu ivsqwr[
pwln BUmI ko kirE, duStn mUl auKwr[
inrml BwKY jgq iqh, hyrY bRhm su eyk[ (moKS pMQ pRkwS, pMcm invws, pMnw 609)
4
iv´w nwm nráX }pmiDk< pRÇC™w guÎq< Dnm`[ iv´w BogkrI XS: suKkrI iv´w gu{xw< gu{:[[
iv´w bNDujno ivdySwgmny iv´w pr< dYvqm`[ iv´w rwjsu pUÈXqy n ih Dn< iv´w ivhIn: pSu:[[ (nIiq Sqk, Ülok 20)
5
qb hI bsn kKwey sjY kY, AwigAw bsqR gur qY lY kY[
phuMcy kwSI purI audwry, cyqn mT mY rhy ivcwry[
swD inrmly qih ibdqwey, ibdÎw pFI AiDk mn lwey[ (igAwnI igAwn isMG, pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 1240)
1
35
gurU crxW ivc hwzr hoey1 Aqy gurU drbwr ivc rih ky hor gurisKW nUM sMsikRq (vw|mX) ividAw dw
AiDAYn AiDAwpn krdy krwauNdy Aqy kQw vwrqw krdy hoey keI Amolk gRMQW dI rcnw krky siqgurU jI
dI pRsMnqw dy pwqR bxy[
ieh inrml sMpRdwX dw sMKyp ieiqhws hY[ Bwrq ivc AnykW sMpRdwvW hn, ijnHW dw AwpxyAwpxy FMg-qrIikAW nwl smwj nUM Al`g-Al`g Xogdwn hY[ aunHW sMpRdwvW ivcoN inrml sMpRdwX iek
mh`qvpUrn sQwn r`KdI hY, ijs dw smwj nUM srvp`KI Xogdwn hY[ ijnHW-ijnHW swDnW dÍwrw ies sMpRdwX
dy mhwnuBwvW ny dyS, Drm Aqy smwj dI aunqI ivc Xogdwn pwieAw, aunHW ivcoN kuC swDnW dw inrUpx
“sQwlI pulwk nÎwX” dÍwrw ieQy krdy hW[
mMflIAW dÍwrw Xogdwn : gur aupdyS dy DwrxI, nwm rsIey, qqÍdrsI, SWqI dy somy inrmly mhwpurK
‘sMswirk inrlypqw’2 Aqy ‘ividAw vIcwrI qW praupkwrI’3 dy audyS nUM mu`K r`K ky mnuKqw dI BlweI
vwsqy pYdl ivcrdy Drm pRcwr krdy hoey ijigAwsUAW nUM bRhm ividAw dw dwn dyNdy sn[ ijs qrHW
rsgRwhI kIVIAW S`kr nUM jwx ky Awpxy Awp aus pws iekTIAW ho jWdIAW hn, dIpk jg irhw hovy qW
rUpgRwhI pqMgy Awpxy Awp ausdy cOigrdy ho jWdy hn, Pu`l iKiVAw hovy qW BOry sÍqh hI sugMDI gRhx krn
vwsqy mMfrwauNdy rihMdy hn, ienHW ivcoN iksy nUM vI bulwaux dI zrUrq nhIN pYNdI[ ausy qrHW ijnHW mhwpurKW
dy AMdr nwm rUpI rs BirAw hoieAw sI, igAwn rUpI dIpk jigAw hoieAw sI Aqy SWqI rUpI sugMDI
ihrdy rUpI kml ivc BrI hoeI sI, aunHW inrIh (ie`Cw rihq) mhwpurKW dy pws nwm rUpI rs, bRhm
ividAw rUpI rOSnI Aqy SWqI rUpI sugMDI dy gRwhI ijigAwsU sÍqh hI phuMc jWdy sn, AwpxI Srx ivc
Awey hoey ijigAwsUAW nUM bRhm ividAw dÍwrw ‘bRhÓ sËX< jgiNmÌXw’ (bRhm sqÎM jgq imiQAw) dw inScY
krwauNdy[ SnY: SnY: AYsy ijigAwsUAW dI AiDkqw sdkw mhwpurKW dy pws ivdvwnW dw iek smUh bx
jWdw[ AYsy ivdvwnW dy smUh bwAd ivc mMflIAW dy rUp ivc pirvriqq ho gey jo ik SwsqR igAwqw
au~c Awcrx vwly vIqrwg mhwpurKW dw iek cldw-iPrdw jQw sI[ ieh mMflIAW ibnw iksy injI
pRXojn dy kyvl propkwr dI idRStI dÍwrw gurmiq isDWq, Drm dw pRcwr krdIAW hoeIAW ipMfW, ngrW,
SihrW Aqy qIrQ sQwnW dI XwqRw dÍwrw pUry Bwrq vrS ivc ivcrx krdIAW sn[ BUmI sYn, iBiKAw
AMn4, bRhm ividAw dwn, propkwrmX jIvn bqIq krnw hI aunHW dw audyS sI[
ienHW mMflIAW ivc ivcrx vwly sMqW dI rihxI-sihxI-kihxI5 Aqy ivr`kq jIvn1 nUM dyK ky
ky lok mugD ho jWdy sn Aqy mhwpurKW dI iBiKÎw Awid dy dÍwrw bVy pRym nwl syvw krdy sn[ jo mMflIAW
piF ingmwgm gur iFg Awey[ gurih sunwey AiDk vr pwey[
KuSI hoie gur AYs aucwrI[ swr ividAw jg jug BwrI[
SsqR eyk SwsqR dUjI[ auBy jwiq jg mwnI pUjI[
duSt mUF SsqRoN kir db hYN[ SwsqR qY koivd bs &b hYN[
AMbIrI vzIrI &kIrI[ dwn ghIrI dhIrI sBI qdbIrI[
qrgs gIrI rwj ighIrI[ hmry pMQ bIc sb QIrI[
ieqÎwidk br siqgur dIey[ jo sun is`K sBY KuiS QIey[ (pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 2799)
2
bhqw pwnI inrmlw pVw gMD sy hoey[ iqauN swDU rmqw Blw dwg n lwgY koey[
dwg n lwgY koie jgq my rhy AlYdw[ rwg dÍyS jug pRyq n icq ko kry iv`Cydw[
khY igirDr kivrwX sIq auSxwidk shqw[ hoie n khIN Askq XQw gMgw jl bhqw[ (igirDr kivrwX)
3
ipbiNq n´: ávXmyv nwMb: ávX< n KwdiNq Plwin v÷@w:[
nwdiNq sáX< Klu vwirvwhw: propkwrwX sqW ivBUqX:[[ (sUÂwvlI AÍXwX 1 Ülok 1)
4
kbIr BlI mDUkrI nwnw ibiD ko nwju] dwvw kwhU ko nhI bfw dysu bf rwju] (sRI. gu. gRM. sw. pMnw 1376)
5
XQw icq< qQw vwcw XQw vwcÜqQw ikõXw[ icqy vwic ikõXwXw< c swDunwmyk}pqw[[ (suBwi†q)
1
36
ivc rihx vwly swDUAW ividAwrQIAW dw inrvwh pusqk vsqR Awid dw pRbMD krdy sn, aunHW dw nwm hI
mMflySÍr, mhWmMflySÍr huMdw sI[ ienHW mMflySÍrW ivcoN SRImwn 108 sMq SmIr isMG jI ‘blOgI’ vwly
AgRgxÎ hoey hn, ijnHW ny 125 swl dI AwXU qk mMflI dÍwrw srb DrmwblMbI lokW ivc sB jgHw jw ky
pRcwr kIqw[ ienHW qoN bwAd ienHW dy prm iSSÎ SRImwn mhWmMflySÍr pMifq kwlw isMG jI mhwrwj ny vI
mMflI dÍwrw pRcwr kIqw[ Awp jI dy nwl AnykW sMq mhWpurK ivcrdy sn[ Awp jI dy Awpxy iSSÎ 2530 ivdÍwn pMifq hoey hn[ Awp jI ny hirdÍwr qoN lY ky ihmwcl, k`C, jUnwgVH, somnwQ, sUrq, muMbeI,
hzUr swihb, kMinAw kumwrI, rwmySÍr, auVIsw, jgnnwQ purI, gXw, ptnw swihb, kwSI, ielwhwbwd,
AXoDÎw Awid sQwnW ’qy ivcr ky gurmiq dw pRcwr kIqw[ iehI Awp jI dy jIvn dw muK lkS sI[
iesy qrHW SRI mwn pMifq hrI isMG jI irSIkyS CyqR vwly hoey hn, lok Awp jI dw nwm ‘kQw
vwly mhwrwj’ kih ky aucwrdy sn[ Awp jI iek vwr sMq mMflI smyq ivcrdy hoey, jdoN nypwl dy kwTmMfU
Sihr ivc phuMcy auQy kQw kIqI[ Awp jI dI kQw dw Sihr dy SrDwlUAW ’qy ieqnw pRBwv ipAw ik
nypwl nryS sÍXM Aw ky Awp jI nUM mihlW ivc lY igAw[ rwj drbwr ivc Awp jI ny keI idn kQw
kIqI[ Awp jI dy iqAwgI jIvn qoN pRBwivq ho ky nypwl nryS ny nwnk pMQI inrmly sMqW dy nwm ’qy SRI
inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw dI bRWc vjoN iek sQwn kwiem kIqw, ijs dy pRbMD dw swrw Krc nypwl srkwr
vloN nIXq kIqw igAw[ auh sQwn Aj q`k mOjUd hY[ iesy pRkwr hI sMq bwbw eISr isMG jI dOdr vwly,
sMq bwbw pRym isMG jI irSIkyS JwVI vwly, bwbw AwnMd isMG jI mMflI vwly, pMifq eISr isMG jI kwSI
vwly, pMifq cMdw isMG jI ivr`kq, pMifq gurbKS isMG jI nwgoky, pMifq hmIr isMG jI gurUsr Ku`fw,
pMifq nwrwiex isMG jI inrml ivr`kq kutIAw hirdÍwr vwly, pMifq imhr isMG jI jgrwEN vwly, sMq
bwbw in`kw isMG jI irSIkyS, sMq suMdr isMG jI iBMfr klW mogw, sMq grbcn isMG jI iBMfr klW mogw,
sMq bwbw dlyl isMG jI ivrkq Swhbwd vwly, sMq bwbw hzwrw isMG jI ivr`kq hWfI vwly, suAwmI mMgl
hrI jI fyrw ikly vwly (pMjwb) ieiqAwidk mhwpurKW ny mMflIAW dÍwrw pRcwr kIqw[
ies smyN inrml ByK iSromxI ividAw mwrqMf, qpo mUrqI, AnMq SRI ivBUiSq SRImwn 108 SRI
mhMq pMifq sÍwmI igAwndyv isMG jI mhwrwj jo ik SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw dy SRI mhMq pd pr
suSoiBq hn[ aunHW ny SRI inrml sMsikRq ividAwlX kwSI ivc 12 vrS invws krky iqAwgmX,
qpsÎwmX jIvn bqIq krdy hoey bRhm ividAw dw AiDAYn kIqw[ ‘sMpUrxwnMd sMsikRq XUnIvristI’
bnwrs qoN vydWqwcwrÎ dI ifgrI pRwpq krn qoN bwAd kwSI ivcoN hI kuC ivdÍwn, jo ik auprwm ivRqI
vwly vIqrwg mhwpurK sn, aunHW nUM nwl lY ky ivr`kq sMq mMflI dy rUp ivc qkrIbn 15 vrS qk
Bwrq vrS dy pRmuK qIrQ sQwnW Aqy ipMfW, ngrW, SihrW dI pYdl XwqRw krdy hoey AiDAYn, AiDAwpn,
gurbwxI qQw SwsqRW dw smMnÍX krky gurU nwnk dyv jI dy AdÍYq isDWq nUM srv DrmwvlMbI jn swDwrx
qk phuMcwieAw[18 isqMbr sMn 1993 nUM SRI mhMq blvIr isMG SwsqRI jI dy bRhmlIn hox qoN pScwq nvyN
SRI mhMq jI dI cox smyN swry inrml ByK ny srvsMmqI nwl Awp jI dw nwm sÍIkwr kIqw[
aus smyN Awp jI ivr`kq sMq mMflI sihq aujYn dy kuMB myly qoN bwAd rqlwm Sihr mDÎ
pRdyS ivc Drm pRcwr krdy hoey ivcr rhy sn[ ByK dy kuC pRmuK mhwpurK iek`Ty ho ky Awp jI nUM
ilAwaux vwsqy rqlwm phuMcy Aqy Awp jI nUM pUrv SRI mhMq swihb dy bRhm lIn hox qoN Avgq krwieAw
Aqy ikhw ik aunHW dy au~qrwiDkwrI dy rUp ivc Awp jI dw nwm swry inrml ByK ny srv-sMmqI nwl SRI
mhMq pd vwsqy pRvwn kIqw hY[ BwvyN Awp jI mn bwxI krky pRivR`qI ivc rucI nhIN sI rKdy, prMqU pMc
1
kOpIn Xugl< k<Qw d&f EkpirgRh:[ Xq: prmh<sËX nwiDk< qu ivDIXqy[[ (nwrdpirvRwjk 3-27)
37
prmySÍr dI AwigAw nUM iSroDwrx krdy hoey SRI mhMq pd nUM svIkwr kr ilAw[ aus smyN qoN lY ky A`j
q`k SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw Aqy ByK dI AgvweI krdy hoey ivr`kq sMq mMflI nUM vI kwiem rìKAw
hY[ ijs dy dÍwrw SRI mhMq jI mhwrwj ny Drm pRcwr Aqy bRhm ividAw dw AiDAYn, AiDAwpn krwauNdy
hoey kuC swl pUrv Bwrq dy pRmuK qIrQ sQwnW dIAW keI ivSwl XwqRwvW kIqIAW[ ijnHW XwqRwvW dy smyN
lyKk Awpxy swry sihpwTI sMq mhwpurKW dy sihq mhwrwj jI dI syvw ivc sn[
pihlI XwqRw- dsMbr 1998 SRI AMimRqsr swihb qoN AwrMB krky pMjwb, hirAwxw, rwjsQwn
Aqy gujrwq dy pRmuK qIrQW, ngrW, SihrW ivc ivcrdy hoey dÍwrkw qk[
dUsrI XwqRw- dsMbr 1999 ivc hirdÍwr qoN AwrMB krky XU. pI., idlI, m`D pRdyS, mhwrwStR,
krnwtk, kyrl, qwimlnwfU ieiqAwidk pRWqW ivc Drm pRcwr krdy hoey kMinAW kumwrI, rwmySÍr qk[
qIsrI XwqRw- meI 2003 ivc SRI AMimRqsr swihb qoN AwrMB krky AnykW pRWqW ivc Drm
pRcwr krdy hoie kMinAw kumwrI, rwmySÍr, iqrUpqI bwlw jI AWDrw pRdyS Awidk qIrQ sQwnW dy drSn
krky iqRMbkySÍr, nwisk, kuMB myly pr vwips phuMcy[ ies pRkwr mhwpurKW ny mMflIAW dy rUp ivc ivcrx
krky gurmiq isDWq Aqy BwrqIX sMsikRqI dy pRcwr ivc AivsmrxIX Xogdwn pwieAw hY[
kutIAw, fyry, AwSRmW dÍwrw Xogdwn : ies qrHW inrmly sMqW dy iqAwgmeI Aqy swdgI vwly jIvn qoN
pRBwivq ho ky gurmuKW SrDwlUAW ny ijQy-ijQy koeI mhwpurK jw ky itk jWdw, auQy-auQy aunHW dy invws
vwsqy kutIAw bxw idqIAW jo Agy jw ky AwSRmW, fyirAW, m`TW dw rUp Dwrx kr geIAW[ ijs vkq dyS
dy ipMfW, ngrW, SihrW ivc skUl, kwlj, ividAwlX, AOSDwlX Awidk mOjUd nhIN sn, aus smyN sMqW
mhwqmW ny ienHW fyirAW, AwSRmW duAwrw skUlW, ividAwilAW, AOSDwilAW dw kMm kIqw[ ienHW sQwnW ivc
SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw pRkwS krky gurmuKI Aqy gurbwxI pVHwaux dI ijmyvwrI smJ ky Gr-Gr ivc
jw ky gurmuKI pVHw ky gur-ieiqhws Aqy gurbwxI dy duAwrw gurmiq isDWq qoN jwxU krvwieAw Aqy
AOSDIAW dy duAwrw rogIAW dy rogW dI inivrqI krky gurU crnW nwl joiVAw[ ienHW fyirAW AwSRmW ivc
rihMidAW sMq mhwpurK Awpxy h`QIN1 gurbwxI dIAW poQIAW, gutky Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb jI dIAW bIVW
ilK ky mu&q syvw krdy rhy[ SRI mwn sMq bwbw b`lw isMG jI ny iek SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI bIV Aqy
iek SRI dsm gRMQ swihb jI dI bIV ilKI[ prm vIqrwg SRI mwn suAwmI Bgq isMG jI ipMfIGyb vwilAW
ny pMj bIVW SRI gurU swihb jI dIAW ilKIAW[ SRI mwn sMq bwbw vDwvw isMG jI lihrw KwnW biTMfw
vwilAW ny SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dIAW iqMn bIVW ilKIAW[ AYsy hor vI AnykW mhwpurK hoey hn, ieh qW
kyvl sMkyq mwqR hY[ AYsy gurmiq dy sRoq inrmly sMqW dy AwSRm, kutIAw, fyry Bwrq dy kony-kony ivc bxy
hoey hn[ jYsy fyrw bwbw gWDw isMG jI brnwlw, fyrw bwbw bIr isMG jI nOrMgwbwd, fyrw hoqImrdwn qp
sQwn sMq bwbw krm isMG jI, fyrw inrml AwSRm KfUr swihb, fyrw Twkurw AMimRqsr, fyrw bwbw imSrw
isMG jI AMimRqsr, fyrw hrKovwl sMq bwbw jvwlw isMG jI, fyrw mihmy SwhIAW pMj grWeI, fyrw Bory
vwlw suKwnMd biTMfw, fyrw krmsr rwVw swihb, fyrw nwnksr klyrW, fyrw gurUsr Ku`fw, fyrw sMq bwbw
hrI isMG jI nYkI vwly mMnxhwrw, qp sQwn sMq bwbw hrnwm isMG jI ijAwx huiSAwrpur, fyrw AKMf
pRkwS iBMfr klW mogw, fyrw sMq bwbw hmIr isMG jI jnyr mogw, fyrw sMq bwbw rocw isMG jI puxC, ies
pRkwr pMjwb qoN bwhr hirduAwr SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl Aqy AKwVy dIAW pRXwgrwj,
bnwrs, ptnw, aujYn, nwisk, nypwl, kwTmMfU Awidk pRmuK sQwnW ’qy 25-30 bRWcW hn[
1
qy hsq punIq pivqR hih myrI ijMduViey jo hir jsu hir hir lyKih rwm] (sRI. gu. gRM. sw. pMnw 709)
gurbwxI ilK poQIAW qwl imRdMg rbwb vjwvY] (vwrW BweI gurdws, 6-12)
38
fyrw bwbw drgwh isMG jI qp sQwn pw: 3 knKl, fyrw inrml bwg, fyrw rqn bwg, fyrw sMq
purw, inrml ivr`kq kutIAw knKl, fyrw BjngVH, fyrw inhklMk KVkVI, inrml AwSRm irSIkyS,
sMgq cyqn mT kwSI, sMgq lwhOrI tolw kwSI, inrml AwSRm lKImpur KIrI XU. pI., fyrw sMq AwSRm modI
ngr XU. pI., fyrw sMqpurw id`lI, inrml AwSRm puSkr rwjsQwn, fyrw inrml bgIcI bwVmyr rwjsQwn,
ieiqAwidk AnykW sQwnW ’qy inrmly sMqW ny fyry kwiem krky syvw, nwm ismrn, pRymw BgqI, sWJIvwlqw
dw aupdyS pRwxI mwqR nUM idqw[ inrmly sMq aupdyStw gurU nUM mMndy hoey ieSt SRI gurU gRMQ swihb Aqy dsW
gurUAW nUM hI mMndy hn, prMqU vydW, SwsqRW, aupinSdW, gIqw, rwmwiex, Bwgvq, mhWBwrq Awid pRwcIn
gRMQW nwl gurbwxI dw sumyl krky Drm pRcwr krdy hn, ijs sdkw dUsry DrmwvlMbI AnykW lok gurU Gr
dy SrDwlU bx jWdy hn[ bMgwl dy izlHw mydnIpur ivc sMq bwbw rGubIr isMG jI kwSI vwly kQw pRcwr
kirAw krdy sn[ auQy bhuq ipMfW dy bMgwlI ijmINdwr lok SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy Gr dy SrDwlU bx
gey sn, jo hux qk gurU Gr nwl juVy hoey hn[ ies pRkwr hor BI AnykW isMDI, sihjDwrI K`qRI lok
gurmiq dy DwrxI bxy[ sMqW ny ienHW fyirAW, kutIAW, AwSRmW dÍwrw smwijk syvw Aqy Drm pRcwr ivc
ApUrv Xogdwn pwieAw qQw vrqmwn ivc pw rhy hn[
ividAwilAW dÍwrw Xogdwn : ijQy inrmly mhwpurKW ny kutIAw, fyirAW, AwSRmW Aqy m`TW dy dÍwrw gurmiq
dy pRcwr ivc Xogdwn pwieAw, auQy aunHW ny sMsikRq ividAw dy pRqI gurisKW dI vDdI AiBlwSw nUM dyK ky
sB qoN pihlW sMgq cyqn m`T kwSI (bnwrs) ivKy ‘SRI gurU nwnk sMsikRq mhW ividAwlX’ kwiem kIqw[
ijs ivc AnykW sMq ividAwrQI sMsikRq ividAw dw AiDAYn krky pUry Bwrq vrS ivc Drm pRcwr
krdy rhy[
kwSI ivc pVHn vwly ijigAwsUAW dI vDdI hoeI sMiKAw nUM dyK ky dUsrw m`T ‘sMgq lwhOrI toly’
dw inrmwx kIqw, ijs ivc SRI inrml sMsikRq mhwividAwlX sQwipq kIqw[ ies ividAwlX ivcoN
inrml ByK dy sYNkVy mhwpurK pRkWf ivdÍwn bx ky inkly, ijs qrHW pMifq eISr isMG jI kwSI vwly,
pMifq goibMd isMG jI swDU, SRI mhMq pMifq aUDv isMG jI nYXwiXk, pMifq Bwn isMG jI nÎwX gOqm
kokrI vwly, sÍwmI sMq isMG jI ptny vwly, sÍwmI Arjun isMG jI munI, SRImwn mhMq gurdIp isMG jI
‘kysrI’, pMj suvrx pdk ivjyqw pIAYc. fI., fI. ilt. pMifq sÍwmI rwmpwl isMG jI id`lI vwly
ieiqAwidk mhwpurK ijnHW ny keI Amolk gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI, ijnHW gRMQW nUM pVH ky Aj q`k ivdÍwn lok
lwBwinÍq ho rhy hn[
ies inrml ividAwlX nUM hI gOrv pRwpq hY ik SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl dy
vrqmwn prm pUjÎ SRImwn 108 SRI mhMq sÍwmI igAwndyv isMG jI ny ieQy hI rih ky ividAw pRwpq
kIqI Aqy ies smyN ieh inrml sMsikRq mhwividAwlX SRI inrml AKwVy dy pRbMD hyT bhuq sucwrU rUp
nwl cl irhw hY[ SRI mhMq swihb jI dy AwSIrvwd nwl Aj-kl 20-25 inrmly swDU Aqy hor bRwhmx
Awid CwqR ividAw pRwpq kr rhy hn, ijnHW dy Bojn qQw invws Awid dw swrw pRbMD SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw
inrmlw krdw hY[ iesy qrHW knKl hirdÍwr SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw dÍwrw ‘inrml sMsikRq
mhwividAwlX’ sQwipq hY, ijs ivc swDU ividAwrQIAW qoN Aiqirkq swry vrxW dy CwqR pVHdy-ilKdy
hn Aqy sMiDAw smyN swry ividAwrQI ‘rihrws swihb’ jI dy pwT smyN AwrqI pUjn, muKvwk, kIrqn
soihlw Aqy Ardws ivc aupsiQq ho ky AMq ivc SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI, SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI jY
bulwauNdy hn Aqy lMgr ivc pRSwdw Ckx smyN gurbwxI dy Sbd pVHdy hn ArQwq ienHW donW ividAwilAW
ivcoN hor DrmW dy AnuXwXI ividAwrQI pVHn smyN rih ky gurU ieiqhws dy jwxU Aqy SRI gurU nwnkdyv jI
39
dy Gr dy SrDwlU bx ky inkldy hn, dUsry DrmW dy AnuXweIAW ivc pRcwr krnw vI iek mhwn Xogdwn
hY[
ienHW sMsikRq ividAwilAW qoN ielwvw smyN dI mMg nUM muK rKidAW hoieAW ZrIb qQw AnwQ
bìcAW dy Biv`K nUM au~jÍl bxwaux vwsqy sMqW ny Anyk skUlW, kwljW Aqy AkYfmIAW dw inrmwx kIqw hY[
SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl hirdÍwr vloN AKwVy dy sMsQwpk pRQm SRI mhMq swihb jI dy nwm ’qy
gRwm inrml kot, smwxw mMfI (pitAwlw) ivKy sMq mihqwb isMG jI pbilk skUl cl irhw hY[ iesy
qrHW ividAw dy Kyqr ivc SRI mwn mhMq rwm isMG jI, sMq joD isMG jI inrml AwSRm irSIkyS vloN
mhwn auprwlw hoieAw hY jo ik ieMgilS mIfIAm dy hyTW ilKy pMj skUl cl rhy hn, ijnHW ivc lgpg
5000 b`cy ividAw pRwpq kr rhy hn, ijnHW ivcoN 4000 bìcAW dI pVHweI dw sMpUrx Krc AwSRm vloN
kIqw jWdw hY1. inrml AwSRm dIpmwlw pbilk skUl irSIkyS
2. inrml AwSRm igAwn dwn AkYfmI KYrI klW irSIkyS
3. sMq in`kw isMG jI pbilk skUl krnwl (hirAwxw)
4. sMq in`kw isMG jI pbilk skUl zrI&w &wrm (krnwl)
5. sMq in`kw isMG jI pbilk skUl sdr bzwr (krnwl)
iesI pRkwr fyrw Bory vwlw suKwnMd vloN sMq Bwg isMG jI grlz kwlj suKwnMd (biTMfw), sMq
bwbw gWDw isMG jI kwlj brnwlw, sMq bwbw BUrI vwly jI pbilk skUl AMimRqsr, mhMq hrI isMG jI
inrml pbilk skUl lKImpur KIrI XU. pI., pMjgrWeI klW, gurUsr Ku`fw, j`bV mwxko, mMnxhwrw,
mihqw, KfUr swihb, dmdmw swihb, jnyr mogw, iBMfr klW, FufI klW, dODr, bopwrwie, rwVw swihb
sMpRdwie Aqy nwnksr sMpRdwX v`loN ieiqAwidk AnykW sQwnW ’qy inrmly mhwpurKW vloN Dwrimk Aqy
smwijk ividAk Adwry cl rhy hn, ijnHW ivc AnykW b`cy-b`cIAW swmwijk ividAw dy nwl-nwl
gurmiq ividAw vI pRwpq kr rhy hn[ ieh hI ienHW dw ivSyS Xogdwn hY[
swihqÎk rcnw dÍwrw Xogdwn : inrmly sMqW dy jIvn dw lkS kyvl prmwrQ qqÍ dy mnnSIl hoxw Aqy
aus qqÍ dw pRcwr-pRswr krnw hI hY[ pRcwr do qrHW nwl ho skdw hY, iek rsnw dÍwrw Aqy dUsrw lyKnI
dÍwrw[1 rsnw dÍwrw pRcwr vI bhuq mhwnqw rKdw hY, ijs pRcwr dy vwsqy sMqW ny mhwn Gwlxw GwlI hY[
aus dy nwl-nwl AwpxI lyKxI dw vI kmwl idKwieAw hY, ikauNik klm dÍwrw pRcwr vI iek jwdU is`D
huMdw hY[ klm ivc auh qwkq hY jo qopW, hvweI jhwzW Aqy rwktW ivc nhIN[ lyKnI iek mhw pRbl
rkSk SsqR hY[ murdw rUhW AMdr nvIN izMdgI Aqy nvW jIvn Brn dI XdI koeI smrQw r`KdI hY qW auh
klm hY[ ijs sMpRdwX jW SRyxI AMdr pRcwr dw swDn swihqÎ nhIN, auh pRcwr dy mYdwn ivc sB qoN ipCy
Aqy PwfI hY[ ies audyS nUM muK rKky inrmly sMqW ny ijMnw swihqÎ ricAw, aus dI qulnw Bwrq vrS
ivc koeI vI sMpRdwX nhIN kr skdI[
ijQy inrmly ivdÍwnW ny vYidk, dwrSink, purwx, simRqIAW, aupinSdW dw BwSw Anuvwd kIqw
auQy gurmiq sMbMDI sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dIAW tIkwvW, pRXwX, gurU ieiqhws, CMd SwsqR, koS, BweI
gurdws jI dI bwxI ivAwiKAw, SRI dsm gRMQ ivAwiKAw Awidk Amolk gRMQW dI rcnw krky is`K pMQ
qQw BwrqIX sMsikRqI nUM ieiqhwsk, dwrSink, swihqÎk p`K qoN pR&uilq kIqw, aus rcnw ivcoN kuC
ivdÍwn mhwpurKW dy gRMQW dI sUcI ieQy AMikq krdw hW-
1
hir jsu ilKih byAMq sohih sy hQw[ (sRI. gu. gRM. sw., pMnw 709)
40
sMsikRq
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
gRMQ
pM. hrw isMG jI kwSI
pM. eISvr isMG jI kwSI
pM. sdw isMG cyqn m`T kwSI
pM. qwrw isMG qrnqwrn
pM. kOr isMG jI
SRI mhMq aUDv isMG jI nYXwXk
pM. inhwl isMG jI Twkur
pM. gurid`q isMG swDU
9. pM. Awqmdyv isMG lwhOr
10. bwbw pRym isMG irSIkyS
11. pM. bu`D isMG jI
ihMdI gRMQ sUcI
1. sMq hrI isMG ivr`kq irSIkyS
2. sMq sMpUrx isMG qrnqwrn
3. pM. dyvw isMG jI
4. pM. gurid`q isMG swDU
5. goibMd isMG swDU
6. pM. idAwl hrI
7. pM. qwrw isMG inroqm
8. inrml sÍwmI jI
9. sÍwmI Arjn isMG munI
10. SRI mhMq blbIr isMG jI SwsqRI
11. sMq m`Kx isMG Swhpur
12. pM. hrdyv isMG jI
pMjwbI gRMQ
1. pM. gulwb isMG jI
1
2
2.
pM. qwrw isMG nroqm
3.
cUVwmxI kvI sMqoK isMG
gurU isDWq pwirjwq
vwihgurU mMqRwrQ pRkwS1
AdÍYq isDI dI sugmswr cMidRkw tIkw
mumuKSU boDn pRkwS
gurU kOmudI
ABwv rhsÎ, AwSRm Drm rhsÎ
Kwlsw Sqk
gurU nwnkwStk, gurU goibMd isMGwStk, rwmwStk,
SRI gurU igrw rUpWqr2
ABydwKMf cMdRmw
SRI vwihgurU mMqR sqoqRˆ, gurU sqoqR qRXˆ
qrk sMgRh dI pdikRqÎ tIkw
AdÍYq AnuBv pRkwS
pRwx sMglI dI tIkw
AiDAwqm AnuBv pRkwS
vydWq isDWq nukqwvlI dI tIkw
audXog qQw pRwrbD, nÎwX isDWq mukqwvlI dI tIkw,
vydWq pirBwSw dI tIkw, ieiqhws gurU Kwlsw Awid[
swrukqwvlI
moKS pMQ pRkwS dI tIkw
jpujI swihb stIk Awid keI gRMQ
gurU gRMQ swihb stIk (mwJ rwg qk)
SbdwrQ gurU gRMQ swihb
nwnk pRkwS ihMdI Anuvwd
SRI nwrwiex hrI aupdyS
krm ivpwk, BwvrswimRq, pRboD cMdR nwtk,
AiDAwqm rwmwiex
guru igrwrQ koS, Bgq bwxI stIk,
gurU gRMQ swihb stIk (sRI rwg qk),
gurmiq inrxX swgr Awid 10 gRMQ
gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ, tIkw jpujI swihb grbgMjnI,
Awqm purwx Anuvwd, bwlmIkI rwmwiex Anuvwd
ies ivc vwihgurU Sbd dy 500 ArQ hn[
nOvyN mhly dy slokW dw sMsikRq Anuvwd[
41
SRI gur pMQ pRkwS, qvwrIK gurU Kwlsw,
inrml pMQ pRdIpkw, sUrj pRkwS 3 Bwg,
irpudmn pRkwS 5 Bwg Awid 26 gRMQ
5. pM. nwnU isMG
gurU gRMQ swihb stIk Awidk keI gRMQ
6. pM. eISÍr isMG kwSI
gurmiq idg ivjY, bu`DI vwrD,
vwihgurU mMqRwrQ (pMjwbI, ihMdI, sMsikRq)
7. pM. inhwl isMG Qohw Kwlsw
c`kRDr cirqR cwru cMdRkw jwpu swihb tIkw
8. pM. inhwl isMG kvINdR
kvINdR pRkwS, Bvswgr syqU, SRI dohrw BydwvlI,
vydWqI bwrhmwh Awid 12 gRMQ
9. pM. inhwl isMG goibMd mMidr lwhOr
Akwl nwtk, is`KI pRBwkr, inrml pRBwkr,
inrml pMQ pRboD Awid
10. pM. inhwl isMG Twkur
gurU isDWq riv pRkwS Awid
11. pM. dyvw isMG inrmly hirdÍwr
jpu pRdIp (jpujI swihb stIk), isD gosit stIk,
sumn vIcwr Awid 28 gRMQ
12. mhMq gxySw isMG jI
AiDAwqm pRkwS stIk, pMj gRMQI stIk,
Bwrq mq drpx, inrml BUSx Awid 23 gRMQ
13. pM. swDU isMG pitAwlw
auQwnkw SRI gurU gRMQ swihb,
SRI muKvwk isDWq joqI (do-Bwg),
gRMQ ivRqI dIipkw, pMc koS ivvyk,
gurU isiKAw pRBwkr (iqMn-Bwg) Awid 13 gRMQ
14. sMq sMpUrx isMG
kib`q sÍXy BweI gurdws isDWq boDnI tIkw,
Bgq bwxI dI mrm boDnI tIkw,
gurU pd pRboD Awidk 22 gRMQ
15. sMq tihl isMG inrmly
AslI gurU pRkwS, Brm ibnwS Aqy
igAwn pRkwS Awid 14 gRMQ
ies pRkwr inrmly sMqW ny swihiqÎk rcnw dÍwrw is`K pMQ Aqy smwj nUM vfmu`lw Xogdwn idqw[
vrqmwn ivc ividAw mukt mxI SRImwn SRI mhMq sÍwmI igAwndyv isMG jI SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw
knKl (hirdÍwr), SRImwn mhMq blvMq isMG jI sk`qr SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl (hirdÍwr),
SRImwn pMifq fw. rwmpwl isMG jI pIAYc. fI, fI. ilt. id`lI, SRImwn pMifq sÍwmI srvySÍr isMG jI
SwsqRI hirdÍwr, SRImwn pMifq purSoqm isMG jI SwsqRI modIngr (XU. pI.), SRImwn pMifq sÍwmI jgdIS
hrI jI ivr`kq msUrI, SRImwn pMifq swDU isMG jI SwsqRI c`k ivhMfl, SRImwn pMifq sÍwmI sìcdwnMd hrI
swkSI hirdÍwr, SRImwn pM. mhMq lCmx isMG jI SwsqRI lKImpur (XU. pI.), SRImwn mhMq rGubIr isMG jI
SwsqRI kwSI, SRImwn pM. krqwr isMG jI kMgswbU jlMDr, SRImwn ig. blvMq isMG jI koTwgurU, ijnHW ny
gurmiq sMbMDI keI gRMQ ilK ky is`K pMQ dI JolI ivc pwey hn, SRImwn mhMq qyjw isMG jI AYm. ey.
gurUsr Ku`fw, ig. muKiqAwr isMG jI swrMg ropV, SRImwn sMq hrbMs isMG jI jMifAwlw jlMDr, sMq
hirikRSn isMG (Bgvwn jI), SRImwn sÍwmI sìcdwnMd hrI jI ivr`kq kwSI, SRImwn sMq joigMdr isMG jI
ivr`kq, SRImwn pM. jgjIq isMG jI hrKovwl, SRImwn sMq rwm isMG jI nwnksr sINGVw, SRImwn sMq
hrnwm isMG jI mihqw cONk, SRImwn mhMq rwm isMG jI irSIkyS, SRI mwn sMq pwl isMG jI lohIAW kuC
4.
sMq ig. igAwn isMG
42
nvXuvk ivdÍwn sMq jsivMdr isMG SwsqRI kwSI, sMq sqnwm isMG SwsqRI kwSI, sMq kmljIq isMG
SwsqRI kwSI, sMq jYl isMG SwsqRI AMimRqsr, sMq ggndIp isMG kwSI, sMq sqÎpRIq hrI AMimRqsr
ieiqAwidk AnykW mhwpurK lyKnI Aqy pRcwr dÍwrw swmwijk Aqy Dwrimk syvw ivc Xogdwn pw rhy hn[
SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw rMmq dÍwrw Xogdwn : SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw pUry inrml ByK dw muK
sQwn hY jo ik Kt drSn swDU smwj dy 13 AKwiVAW ivcoN iek hY, ijs dI sQwpnw BwdoN sudI dÍwdSI
sMmq 1918 muqwibk sMn 1862 eI. nUM Drm DÍjw pitAwlw ivKy hoeI, ijsdy pRQm SRI mhMq prm vIq
rwg bRhm SRoqRI bRhm nySTI sMq bwbw mihqwb isMG jI mhwrwj nUM nIXq kIqw[ pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw
dw muK audyS kuMB prvW Aqy pRmuK qIrQW dy ivSyS prvW ’qy jw ky Awpxw kYNp lgwauxw qQw Awey hoey
smUh mhwpurKW Aqy swDsMgq dy rihx-sihx, Bojn-pwxI dw swrw pRbMD krnw Aqy dyS-dySWqrW ivc
gurmiq dw pRcwr krnw sI, ies audyS dI pUrqI vwsqy AKwVy dy pRmuK mhwpurKW ny ivcwr ivmrS krky
rMmq SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw ArQwq inrml ByK dy sMqW dI cldI-iPrdI jmwq kwiem kIqI, ijs
ivc hr smyN 40-50 swDU mhwqmw rihMdy sn, ijnHW ivc cwr muKIey mhMq, iek pUjwrI, iek gRMQI, iek
igAwnI, iek koTwrI, do kwrbwrI, iek BMfwrI Aqy iek rwgI jQw huMdw sI[
ijs dw audyS qIrQ, dwn, sMq mihmw Aqy kuMBW dI mhwnqw d`sx qoN ielwvw gurmiq dy isDWq
dw pRcwr krnw sI[ ies rMmq dw ieh inXm sI ik ijs ngr ivcoN ivdwiegI iml jwey dubwrw aus
ngr ivc iksy Kws inmMqRx qoN ibnw 12 swl qoN pihlW pRvyS nhIN krnw, ies dw qwqprÎ ieh sI ik
dyS dy hr kony-kony ivc Drm pRcwr kIqw jwvy[ ieh rMmq AKwVw ijs sQwn ’qy vI Tihrdw auQy cMdoAw
lw ky SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw pRkwS krky AMimRq vyly Awsw dI vwr dw kIrqn, kQw, sMiDAw smyN
rihrws swihb dw pwT, AwrqI, kQw, kIrqn, Ardws ieh subh-Swm dw pRogRwm huMdw sI[ ieh rMmq
AKwVw pRcwrk dy rUp ivc rwq-idn XwqRw ivc hI ibqIq krdw, ijQy cmwsw Aw jwvy (vrKw dy idnW
ivc) iksy pRisD sQwn ’qy pRcwr dw ivSyS kYNp lgwauNdw, aus ivc ivSyS qOr ’qy pRcwr krn vwsqy
v`fy-v`fy ivdÍwn guxI igAwnI, rwgI jQy bulwey jWdy jo donoN smyN jnqw-jnwrdn nUM gurmiq dy DwrxI
bxwauNdy[ ies pRkwr ivcrn krdy hoey ies rMmq AKwVy ny pMjwb, jMmU-kSmIr, gujrwq, SRI hzUr swihb
mhWrwStR, jgnnwQ purI auVIsw, klk`qw, bMgwl, ibhwr, XU. pI. Awidk Bwrq dy hr pRWq ivc phuMc ky
gurmiq isDWq dw pRcwr kIqw[
vrqmwn ivc SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw dw muK kyNdr knKl hirdÍwr ivc hY, ijs dIAW
bRWcW pUry Bwrq ivc mOjUd hn[ jo kurukSyqR Awid qIrQW dy ivSyS prvW smyN qQw hirdÍwr, pRXwgrwj,
aujYn, nwisk Aqy iqRMbkySÍr dy kuMB myilAW ’qy jw ky bhuq v`fy p`Dr ’qy kYNp lgwauNdw hY AOr auQy AwpxyAwpxy kYNp ivc pRvyS krn vwsqy ijs qrHW Kt drSn swDU smwj dy AKwVy AwpxI-AwpxI pRvyS SwhI
(SoBw XwqRw) dÍwrw pRvyS krdy hn, ausy qrHW SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw vI bhuq bVI Awn-Swn Aqy
mwn-siqkwr nwl AwpxI pRvyS SwhI (SoBw XwqRw) lY ky Awpxy kYNp ivc pRvyS krdw hY prMqU ies ivc
ieh ivSySqw hY ies dI SwhI ivc sB qoN A`gy SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI svwrI iek bhuq suMdr sony dI
pwlkI ivc huMdI hY, ijs dy A`gy pMj ipAwry Aqy nwl gqkw pwrtI qQw keI ivSyS bYNf vwjy huMdy hn,
inrmlw AKwVy dy kYNp ivc ibnw iksy Byd-Bwv dy hr iek pRwxI mwqR nUM lMgr pRSwd Aqy rihx vwsqy
jgHw idqI jWdI hY jo ik SRI gurU nwnk dy Gr dw isDWq hY[
SwsqRwrQW dÍwrw Xogdwn : pVHn-pVHwaux qoN ielwvw vXwKÎwn Aqy SwsqRwrQ Awid kuC AYsy gux hn,
ijnHW duAwrw ivdvq jn sroiqAW nUM AwkriSq krdy hoey Awpxw pRBwv pwauNdy hn[ inrmly mhwpurKW ny
BwSx klw Aqy SwsqRwrQ dÍwrw vI muK-muK qIrQ sQwnW ’qy jw ky v`fIAW-v`fIAW sBw Aqy ngrW dy
43
iek`TW ivc mhqI soBw pRwpq kIqI hY[ izlHw nwisk (mhwrwStR) ivc iqRMbkySÍr nwmk iek mhwn qIrQ
hY jo bwrW jXoiqr ilMgW ivcoN iek pRisD jXoiqr ilMg hY, ieQy hI kuSwvrq nwmk pivqR kuMf hY[ ies
sQwn ’qy bwrW vrS bwAd kuMB mylw lgdw hY[ ies kuMB myly dy prv-kwl ivc iek vwr SRI pMcwieqI
AKwVw inrmlw smUh ivr`kq mMflIAW dy sihq gurU nwnk dyv dy isDWqW dw pRcwr-pRswr krn Aqy kuMB
Snwn vwsqy phuMicAw qW aus smyN kuC AnÎ mqwvlMbIAW dI pRyrnw dÍwrw pujwrI bRwhmxW ny kuSwvrqkuMf
ivc Snwn krn Aqy pUjw krn dw ivroD kIqw Aqy ikhw ik gurU nwnk mqwvlMbI inrmly sMq jwqIpwqI nUM mh`qv nhIN idMdy, ies kwrx kuMf Snwn AOr mMidr ivc pUjw nhIN kr skdy, ikauNik iqRMbkySÍr
mMidr dw ieh ivDwn hY ik ijsny mMidr ivc drSn pUjn krnw hovy auh ivAkqI ibnw islw vsqR
pihny AOr ngn isr drSn kry, prMqU inrmly sMq dsqwrDwrI Aqy kuC isly vsqR Dwrn krdy hn[
ies krky kuSwvrq ivc Snwn ’qy mMidr pUjw nhIN kr skdy[ ienHW doonW pRSnw nUM lY ky SwsqRRwrQ SurU
hoieAw[ aus smyN 40-50 inrmly ivdÍwn sMq mOjUd sn, ienHW ny dUsry p`K vwilAW nUM cYlMj kIqw ik ienHW
ivcoN ijs nwl vI ie`Cw hovy SwsqRwrQ kr skdy ho[ AYsw gMBIrqw pUrx vcn sux ky pMfqW ny iek is`Dy
swdy gyrUAw vsqRDwrI ibRD mhwqmw dI qr& ieSwrw kr idqw ik ieh hI SwsqRwrQ krn, prMqU ieh sn
idbÎ mUrqI AiKl SwsqR igAwqw prm ivr`kq SRImwn pMifq dIvwn isMG jI TIkrIvwly, ijnHW ny
sMsikRq BwSw bolidAW hoieAw vydW, SwsqRW, aupinSdW, purwxW, simRqIAW, gIqw, mhwBwrq Aqy gurbwxI
Awidk pRmwx Aqy idRStWq dy ky sB qoN pRQm jwqIvwd dIAW D`jIAW aufweIAW Aqy is`D kr idqw ik
pRwxI mwqR nUM prv Snwn krn dw AiDkwr hY Aqy mMidr ivc dsqwr Aqy isly vsqR dw jo pRiqbMD sI
aus dw KoKlwpx is`D kIqw[ ies SwsqRwrQ dw ieqnw pRBwv ipAw ik aus smyN dy mOjUdw rwjy-mhWrwijAW
ny ivDIvq ilKq id`qI ik A`j qoN bwAd inrmly sMq ies pRqIbMD qoN bihr@BUq hn[ aus idn qoN A`j
qk inrmly sMq kuMB myly smyN pgVI Aqy isly vsqRW sihq drSn pUjn krdy hn[
AYsy SwsqRwrQI inrmly ivdÍwnW ivcoN SRImwn pMifq eISvr isMG jI kwSI vwly invyklw sQwn
rKdy hn, ijnHW ny AwpxI ivdvqw dw pircX sÍXM hI sÍwricq ‘sÍ sÍpn nwtk’ gRMQ ivc idqw hY[ Awp
jI dI SwsqRwrQ krn dI SYlI, myDw SkqI ApUrv sI[ ‘bui©áqwËkwilkIzyXw’1 Kt drSn swDU smwj dy
ivdÍwn pMifq Awp jI nUM SwsqRwrQ ivc bYiTAw hoieAw dyK ky BYBIq ho jWdy sn[ Awp jI ny kwSI,
iqRRbMkySÍr, nwisk Awid pRmuK qIrQ sQwnW ’qy v`fIAW-v`fIAW sBwvW ivc Aqy drBMgw, fumrw, nwBw,
pitAwlw, jINd Awidk keI irAwsqW ivc SwsqRwrQ krky ivjy pRwpq kIqI, iesy krky Awp jI dw iek
‘idgivjÎ’ nwmk gRMQ vI hY[ pUrv Bwrq dIAW irAwsqW ivc jo vwihgurU Sbd dy ArQ ’qy SwsqRwrQ
hoey, aunHW dy incoV qoN hI ‘vwihgurU mMqRwrQ pRkwS’ nwmk gRMQ ilpIbD kIqw igAw, ijs ivc vwihgurU
mMqR dy 500 ArQ is`D kIqy hn[ ies pRkwr ienHW ny 56 SwsqRwrQ kIqy, ijnHW dw vyrvw Awp jI ny
sÍricq ‘sÍ sÍpn nwtk’ gRMQ ivc idqw hY[
pMifq inhwl isMG jI Qohw Kwlsw vwilAW dw sÍwmI dXwnMd AwrÎsmwjI dy nwl Kwlsw Sbd dy
ArQ nUM lY ky AMimRqsr ivc hoieAw SwsqRwrQ pRis`D hY, ijs dw auqr aunHW ny ‘Kwlsw Sqk’ nwmk
sMsikRq BwSw dw gRMQ iek rwq ivc rcnw krky idqw[ inrml ByK dy mUrDnÎ ivdÍwn sMq igAwnI
igAwn isMG jI dw morDÍj Sihr dy rwjy sYnpwl nwl qdbIr qQw qkbIr Sbd ’qy keI idn SwsqRwrQ
cilAw, AMqqogqÍw ivjX igAwnI jI nUM hwisl hoeI[ ies qoN ielwvw Awgry Awidk SihrW ivc keI
SwsqRwrQ igAwnI jI dy pRisD hn[ ies pRkwr pM. mhySrw isMG jI Awidk inrmly sMq SwsqRwrQ krn
1
bui©áqwËkwilkIzyXw miqrwgwim gocrw[
põzw nvnvoNmy† SwilnI põiqBw< ivdu:[[
(Bq~÷ hir)
44
ivc AqI pRvIn sn, ijnHW ny pUry Bwrq vrS ivc AwpxI ivdvqw dy pRBwv dÍwrw gurmiq dI isDWq rUpI
sugMDI nUM PYlwieAw[
gurUDwmW dI syvw qQw lMgrW dÍwrw Xogdwn : ieiqhwisk gurUDwmW dy pwT pUjw qQw nv-inrmwx dI syvw
ivc inrmly mhwpurKW dw bhuq vfmu`lw Xogdwn hY[ ijs smyN musilm hwkm zkrIAw ^wn jYsy isMGW dy
isrW dy mul pwauNdy sn, ijs smyN Kwlsw jMglW Aqy phwVW ivc rih ky zwlmW nUM soDx vwsqy qQw Drm
dI rìKAw ivc lìgAw hoieAw sI, aus smyN gurU sQwnW dy ivc DUp, dIp, pUjw-pwT Awid swrI syvw
sMBwl audwsI Aqy inrmly mhwpurK kirAw krdy sn[ ies qrHW SRI Aibcl ngr q^q scKMf SRI hzUr
swihb ivKy sMq gulwb isMG jI inrmly, inrml buMgw hzUr swihb vwly, sMq hIrw isMG jI, sMq bhwdr
isMG jI, sMq joigMdr isMG jI monI Awidk mhwpurKW ny scKMf hY~f pUjwrI dI syvw inBweI[ sMq bwbw
drgwh isMG jI ny gurdÍwrw pw: 3 dI syvw, ieiqAwidk sQwnW dI syvw sMBwl dy nwl-nwl inrmly sMqW ny
keI ieiqhwisk gurdÍwirAW dw nv-inrmwx krvwieAw[ SRImwn sMq bwbw Aqr isMG jI msqUAwxw
vwilAW ny gurU kI kwSI dmdmw swihb gurUsr srovr dI syvw Awpxy kr kmlW dÍwrw kIqI Aqy krvweI[
SRImwn sMq bwbw hrI isMG jI khwrpurIAW ny q^q SRI kysgVH swihb jI dI iemwrq dw bhuq suMdr nvinrmwx krvwieAw[
SRImwn sMq bwbw jYml isMG jI BUrI vwilAW ny SRI hirmMdr swihb srovr dI pirkrmw dI
syvw, gurdÍwrw ShId gMj bwbw dIp isMG jI AMimRqsr, SRI qrnqwrn swihb srovr dI pirkrmw dI
syvw, gurdÍwrw fyhrw bwbw nwnk, gurdÍwrw nwnksr vyrkw, gurdÍwrw KUh BweI mMJ AMimRqsr, gurdÍwrw Coty
swihbzwdy &qihgVH swihb ieiqAwidk gurDwmW dI syvw ivc Aqy nwm ismrn kridAW krwauNidAW
sMpUrx jIvn ibqIq kIqw[ aunHW qoN vroswey hoey SRImwn sMq bwbw guridAwl isMG jI BUrI vwilAW ny
mhwpurKW v`loN pRwrMB gurDwmW dIAw syvwvW nUM inBwauNdy hoey qQw kuC hor gurDwmW gurdÍwrw sMgrwxw swihb
c``bw, gurdÍwrw dmdmw swihb pw: 3, gurdÍwrw AtwrI swihb sulqwnivMf ieiqAwidk gurDwmW dI syvw
bVI imhnq Aqy lgn nwl kIqI[ hux aunHW dy crn syvk sMq bwbw kSmIr isMG jI BUrI vwly (muKIey
mhMq SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl hirdÍwr) syvw dy mhwn kuMB nUM A`gRsr krdy hoey cwr cMn lw
rhy hn, ijs qrHW kuC idn pUrv gurdÍwrw ShId gMj bwbw dIp isMG jI AMimRqsr ivKy syvw dw mhwn
kwrj AwrMB kIqw hY[ gurdÍwrw swihb dy ipCly pwsy vwlIAW keI iblifMgW ^rId ky kwr pwrikMg vwsqy
bysmYNt, aus qoN aupr lMgr hwl Aqy SRI AKMf pwTW vwsqy iqMn mMjlI ivSwl iemwrq dw inrmwx Aqy
suK Awsx swihb vwsqy suMdr sQwn Awidk syvw cl rhI hY[ iesy qrHW gurdÍwrw mweI kw Qwn Awgrw,
gurdÍwrw pw: 3 fyrw bwbw drgwh isMG knKl hirdÍwr Awidk gurDwmW dI syvw dy nwl-nwl ieiqhwisk
gurUprvW SqwbdIAW ’qy jw ky SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dÍwrw clweI hoeI lMgr dI pRQw Awpxy fyry ivc qQw
kuMB myilAW ’qy jw ky ivr`kq sMq mMflIAW dI hr pRkwr dI syvw swDsMgq dy sihXog nwl bVy hI suc`jy
FMg nwl kr rhy hn[
SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw dy pRbMD hyT gurdÍwrw mYxI sMgq bwl lIlw ptnw swihb dI syvw
inBwauNdy hoey SRImwn 108 pM. blbIr isMG jI ny gurdÍwrw dI suMdr iemwrq, lMgr hwl Aqy XwqRIAW dy
Tihrn vwsqy suMdr XwqRI invws dI syvw krvweI[ iesy qrHW SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw dy pRbMD hyT
gurdÍwrw p`kI sMgq pw: 9 Aqy pw: 10 pRXwgrwj ielwhwbwd ivKy SRImwn sMq rwm isMG, SRImwn mhMq
pRIqm isMG Aqy SRImwn mhMq dIdwr isMG jI ny gurdÍwry dI nvIN iemwrq Aqy kmirAW dI syvw bhuq
inSkwm Bwv nwl krvweI, vrqmwn ivc ies sQwn ’qy XwqRIAW dy invws Aqy v`fy lMgr hwl dI zrUrq
45
nUM dyK ky SRImwn mhMq igAwn dyv isMG jI SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw dI AwigAw Anuswr pMj mMjlI
ivSwl nv iemwrq dI syvw swD sMgq dy sihXog nwl krvw rhy hn[
SRImwn sMq bwbw inDwn isMG jI ny hzUr swihb jw ky gurdÍwrw lMgr swihb, gurdÍwrw gupqsr
swihb mnmwV dI syvw krvweI, aunHW qoN bwAd aunHW dy g`dI nSIn swry mhwpurKW ny hzUr swihb dy swry
gurDwmW Aqy lMgr syvw bVy Xog qrIky nwl inBweI[ vrqmwn ivc SRImwn sMq bwbw nirMdr isMG jI,
SRImwn sMq bwbw blivMdr isMG jI syvw krvw rhy hn[ SRImwn sMq bwbw swDU isMG jI monI ny gurdÍwrw gurU
kw qwl pw: 9 Awgrw, gurdÍwrw crn kml swihb pw: 1 Aqy pw: 9 inzwmwbwd AwzmgVH XU. pI. dI
syvw krvweI[ aunHW qoN vrswey hoey SRImwn sMq bwbw inrMjn isMG jI, sMq bwbw pRIqm isMG jI ny keI
gurDwmW Aqy lMgrW dI syvw bVI inmrqw nwl krvw rhy hn[
SRImwn sMq bwbw krqwr isMG jI T`ty it`by vwilAW ny gurdÍwrw h`t swihb, gurdÍwrw byr swihb
sulqwnpur loDI, gurdÍwrw bwaulI swihb goieMdvwl swihb, gurdÍwrw q^q SRI hirmMdr swihb (ibhwr)
Awidk gurU sQwnW dI syvw krvweI[ SRImwn 108 sMq bwbw dlyl isMG jI dy iSSÎ sMq suKdyv isMG jI ny
XU. pI. styt dy pIlIBIq, Swhzhwnpur, brylI Awidk ielwky dy ijnHW ipMfW, ngrW, SihrW ivc gurdvwry
nhIN sn auQy ivcrx krky 108 gurdÍwry bxvwey[ sMq bwbw lwB isMG jI iklHw AwnMdgVH vwilAW ny
AwnMdpur swihb dy keI gurdÍwry ijs qrHW gurdÍwrw gurU ky mihl AMimRqsr, gurdÍwrw skyq mMfI Awid
sQwnW dI syvw krvweI qQw krvw rhy hn[
gu. mnIkrn swihb pw: 1 dI syvw sMq bwbw nrwiex hrI jI mhwrwj ny sMpUrn krvweI Aqy
lMgr dw Aqu`t pRvwh clwieAw jo vrqmwn ivc vI cl irhw hY[ ies pRkwr hor vI inrmly mhwpurKW
v`loN AMnkSyqR cl rhy hn, ijs qrHW sMq bwbw rwm isMG jI inrml AwSRm irSIkyS ivc hr ByK dy swDU
AiBAwgq ivr`kq sMqW qQw swDsMgq vwsqy lMgr Aqy dvweIAW dI &RI syvw inrMqr cl rhI hY[
sMq bwbw BUrI vwly AMnkSyqR nwnkpurw AwSRm, inhklMk AwSRm, BjngVH AwSRm, sMq bwbw
imhr isMG jI ivr`kq dy syvkW v`loN irSI AwSRm hirdÍwr ies qrHW hor vI keI sQwnW ’qy AMnkSyqR sMqW
v`loN cl rhy hn[ ies pRkwr inrmly mhwpurKW ny gurdvwirAW dI syvw, sMBwl, nv-inrmwx qQw lMgr
pRswd dI syvw dÍwrw AkQnIX Xogdwn pwieAw Aqy pw rhy hn[
dyS dI AzwdI qQw gaU-grIb rìKAw sMbMDI Xogdwn : ijQy inrmly sMqW ny mMflIAW, AwSRmW, SwsqRwrQW,
bRhm ividAw dw pTn-pwTn Awid swDnW dÍwrw smwj dy BOiqk Aqy Awqimk ivkws ivc Xogdwn idqw,
auQy ienHW ny SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhwrwj jI dy ienHW vcnW ‘gaU Gwq kw doK jg isauN imtwaUN’1 dw
pwlx krdy hoey smyN-smyN pr gaU-grIb dI rìKAw Aqy dyS dI AzwdI ivc vI AiqAMq Xogdwn idqw[
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG jI dy dyhWq qoN bwAd is`K rwj ivc peI Awpo-DwpI Aqy fogirAW dI ‘Pu`t pwE
Aqy rwj kro’ dI nIqI dÍwrw KyrUM-KyrUM hoey is`KW dy kwrx is`K rwj dw pqn huMdw dyK ky aus smyN dy
inrml ByK dy mhwpurK mhwn qyjsÍI, qpsÍI, rwjXogI SRImwn sMq bwbw bIr isMG jI nOrMgwbwd vwilAW ny
Awpxy qp-qyj dÍwrw is`K rwj dI pun: siQqI Aqy suK-SWqI vwsqy is`K srdwrW nUM kOmI eykqw Apxwaux
vwsqy pRyirq kIqw Aqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG jI dy do rwjkumwrW ‘kMvr kSmIrw isMG, kMvr ipSOrw isMG’
AshwXW nUM Srx idqI[
XhI dyh AwigAw qurkn gih KpwaUN] gaU Gwq kw doK jg isauN imtwaUN]
XhI Aws pUrn krho qum hmwrI] imtY kSt gaUAn sutY Kyd BwrI]
XhI bynqI Kws hmrI suxIjY] Asur mwrkr r`C gaUAn krIjY] (augRdMqI pw: 10)
1
46
aunHW dy ienHW pRXqnW nUM dyK ky rwj dy lwlwcI fogry shn nhIN kr sky[ fogirAW dy vzIr
hIrw isMG ny &OjW cwVH ky qopW qQw bMdUkW dIAW golHIAW nwl bwbw bIr isMG jI Aqy aunHW dIAW is`K sMgqW
sihq fyry aupr hmlw kr idqw ijs hmly nwl fyry dI qbwhI Aqy bwbw jI dy SrIr aupr 18 golHIAW
lgIAW qd auprMq vI bwbw jI pRsMn muK Awqimk aupdyS idMdy rhy[ AMq smyN hrIky p`qx jw ky srIr
iqAwg idqw[ bwbw jI qoN bwAd aunHW dy crn syvk sMq bwbw mhwrwj isMG jI bVI inrBYqw nwl
ienklwbI AwgU bxy, sMn 1848-49 dIAW isKW Aqy AMgryzW dIAW lVweIAW jo dirAw sqluj dy kMFy ’qy
gujrwq Awid sQwnW ’qy hoeIAW aunHW lVweIAW ivc Awp jI ny qn mn dy nwl is`K ispwhIAW dI
AgvweI kIqI[ rwjw gulwb isMG fogry dI swizs dy kwrx jdoN is`K hwr gey Aqy dyS dI AzwdI dy swry
Xqn AwpsI Pu`t dy kwrx ^qm ho gey qW sMq bwbw mhwrwj isMG jI nUM swQIAW smyq igR&qwr krky kYdI
bxw ky dyS qoN bwhr isMGwpur Byj idqw igAw, ijQy kYdI hwlq ivc hI Awp jI ny srIr iqAwg idqw[
AYsy mhwpurKW dI kurbwnI nUM ivsqwr sihq jwxn vwsqy aunHW dI jIvn gwQw pVHn dI zrUrq hY[ iek
vwr kwSI (bnwrs) ivKy AMgryzI hkUmq dy zulmW ivrùD jlUs dI AgvweI krdy hoey sMq nirMdr isMG
jI (cylw SRImwn mhMq gxySw isMG jI AMimRqsr) cONk godolIAw ivc jw ky dyS BgqW ivc AMgryzW dIAW
kUtnIqIAW sMbMDI BwSx idMdy hoey pulIs dIAW golIAW dÍwrw ShId ho gey[
sMmq 1975 ivc hirdÍwr dy nzdIk ipMf ktwrpur ivc SryAwm gaU hìqAw krn dy cYlMj nUM
sux ky gurdÍwrw pw: 3 fyrw bwbw drgwh isMG jI dy mhMq SRImwn sMq hrnwm isMG jI ny Awpxw Drm jwx
ky ivroD kIqw[ muslmwnW dy nw mMnx qoN kuC SrDwlUAW sihq muslmwnW dw twkrw krky gaUAW
CufvweIAW, mhMq jI nUM kql-kys ivc igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw Aqy muk`dmw cilAw[ AMq nUM PwsI dI
szw suxweI geI jo ApIl krn ’qy aumr kYd ivc bdl geI[ lKnaU, ielwhwbwd Awid jylHW ivc szw
kt ky 1926 eI. nUM irhw hoey[ SRImwn 108 mhwmMflySÍr sÍwmI ivdyhI hrI jI mhwrwj pRDwn AiKl
BwrqIX go rKSx pirSd ijnHW ny Awpxw sMpUrx jIvn go rìKAw vwsqy kurbwn kr idqw[ Awp jI au~c
ivcwrW dy DwrxI ivr`kq Awqmw Aqy auc jIvn vwly mhwpurK sn[ Awp jI dy SRySt Awcrx iqAwgmX
jIvn qoN dyS dy rwjnIiqk nyqw lok, SMkrwcwrÎ, bu`DI jIvI lok Aqy jn swDwrx pRBwivq sn[ ies
pRkwr hor vI keI mhwpurK hoey, ijs qrHW sMq audm isMG jI sMn 1947 ivc Swhdrw lwhOr, sMq ikSn
isMG jI muj`&rwbwd puxC sMn 1947 ivc, sMq gopwl isMG jI fyrw bwbw Kudw isMG jI lwhOr 1947 ivc,
sMq kpUr isMG jI ieiqAwidk mhwpurK dyS dI AzwdI qQw gaU-grIb dI riKAw vwsqy kurbwn hoey[
SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw dy vrqmwn SRI mhMq prm pUjÎ prm SRDyX pMifq sÍwmI
igAwndyv isMG jI mhwrwj jo ik AiKl BwrqIX sMq simqI dy sMn 2000 qoN 2004 qk AiDAkS pd
’qy rhy AOr vrqmwn ivc muK inrdySk hn[ ijs AiKl BwrqIX sMq simqI dw audyS kyvl gaU
rìKAw, Drm rìKAw, dyS ihq Aqy rwStr ihq hY[ Awp jI ny sMq simqI nwl sMbMiDq Kt drSn swDU
smwj dy mhwpurKW dy sihXog nwl 22 mwrc 1995 nUM kwSI ivSÍnwQ bnwrs qoN jpXog mhwnuSTwn XwqRw
AwrMB krky auqr pRdyS, ibhwr, auVIsw, Awswm, pScmI bMgwl, nypwl qk[ 1998 ivc dyhrwdUn qoN
XwqRw AwrMB krky qIrQ mnIkrx swihb ihmwcl q`k[ sMn 2000 ivc vYSxo dyvI kSmIr qoN XwqRw AwrMB
krky keI pRwqW ivc Drm pRcwr krdy hoey kwmwiKAw dyvI Awswm qk ieiqAwidk keI ivSwl XwqRwvW
Aqy keI Dwrimk AMdolnW dI AgvweI kIqI qQw hux vI smyN-smyN pr hox vwly Dwrimk AMdolnW, XwqRwvW
Aqy Drm sMbMDI smwgmW ivc vD-cVH ky ihsw lYNdy hn[
aupsMhwr : BwrqIX sMpRdwXW ivcoN inrml sMpRdwX srvgux sMpMn, buDI jIvI ivdÍwnW dI sMpRdwX hY[ jo
eykdySI ivRqI, jwiq-pwiq, aUc-nIc, rwg-dÍYS Awid sMkIrxqw dy Bwv qoN aupr auTky snwqn Drm dw
47
mUl jo SRI gurU nwnkdyv jI dw AdÍYq isDWq hY, aus dw pRiqpwdn SwsqR XukqIAW Aqy gurbwxI dw
smMnvX krky krdI hY[ ies lyK ivc inrml sMpRdwX dw srUp Aqy Drm pRcwr, smwj syvw leI kIqy
gey XqnW ivcoN kuC dw inrUpx sMKyp SbdW ivc kIqw hY[ ienHW qrIikAW dÍwrw inrmly sMqW ny gurmiq
isDWq nUM jn-jn qk phuMcwieAw hY, ieh hI ienHW dI smwj nUM srvp`KI dyx khI jw skdI hY[ ijnHW
idvÎ AwqmwvW ny ies sMpRdwX nUM srvipRX bxwieAw hY auhnW mhwn AwqmwvW nUM kotI-kotI nmskwr
krdy hW[ vrqmwn ivc Drm, isiKAw Aqy Awcrx dI ho rhI durdSw dw kwrn Awpxy mUl ivrsy nUM
Bulxw hY[ aus ivrsy dI punh sQwpnw ivdvwn Aqy sMjmI jIvn vwly purSW dy sd aupdyS dÍwrw hI ho
skdI hY[ aunHW dw auh pivqR aupdyS pRwxI mwqR qk phuMc sky, ies mMqv dI pUrqI vwsqy ies sYmInwr
dw AwXojn hoieAw hY jo AiqAMq pRSMsnIX hY[ AsIN prmwqmw A`gy Arz krdy hW ik swfy swirAW dy
ies audyS dI pUrqI hovy[
48
inrml sµpRdwie dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pRxwlI : iek pirpyK
fw. surjIq isµG B`tI*
fw. blivµdrjIq kOr**
pµjwb dI DrqI ƒ ieh mwx hY ik sµswr dw sB qoN pRwcIn gRµQ ‘irg vyd’ ies DrqI aupr
ricAw igAw[ ieh DrqI vydW, aupinSdW, simRqIAW, purwxW, kOitlX dy ArQ-Swsqr dI jnmdwqI hY[
mhw-Bwrq, gIqw, bwlmIkI rwmwiex Aqy qulsIdws dy mhw-kwiv rwmwiex dI rcnw vI Bwrq-vrS dI
sr zmIn aupr hoeI[ ‘vyd bwxI’ ƒ ‘AwkwS bwxI’, ‘dYvI bwxI’ pRvwn kIqw igAw hY[ irSIAW ƒ mµqRW dy
rcXqw nhIN ‘dRStw' pRvwn kIqw jWdw irhw hY[ Bwrq ivc Drm-drSn dI iek bhuq hI AmIr pRwcIn
Aqy lµmI ieiqhwsk prµprw swfw sB dw sWJw ivrsw rhI hY[ iesy inrµqrqw ivc gurU nwnk swihb ny
vyeIN ndI ivc pRvyS qoN bwAd ‘nw ko ihµdU nw ko muslmwn’ dw sµdyS dy ky r`bI bwxI jW ‘Dur kI bwxI'
rwhIN nw kyvl pµjwb sgoN smu`cy sµswr leI, srb`q dy Bly dI kwmnw kridAW-sµswr ƒ Awpxy igAwn
nwl rOSn kIqw[ cOQy gurU siqgurU rwmdws swihb Anuswr :
bwxI gurU gurU hY bwxI ivic bwxI AµimRq swry]
guru bwxI khY syvk jnu mwnY prqiK gurU insqwry]5]
(nt mhlw 4, pµnw 982)
ies mhwn bwxI nwl swfy jIvn smwj Aqy ivSv ivc psry hnHyry ƒ dUr krn dw praupkwr
kIqw[ sB qoN pihlW AsIN ivcwr krdy hW ik gurbwxI kI hY ? BweI kwnH isµG nwBw Anuswr, ‘siqgur
nwnk dyv Aqy aunHW dy jw-nSIn siqgurW dy muK qoN Akwl dI pRyrxw nwl pRgt hoeI bwxI dI ‘gurbwxI'
sµgXw hY[’1 iesy bwxI ƒ gurU Amrdws swihb mhwrwj ny ‘‘gurbwxI iesu jg mih cwnxu, krim vsY min
Awey[[”2 dw mhwn drjw id`qw[ pµcm pwqswih, bwxI dy bohQ gurU gRµQ swihb vrgy mhwn gRµQ dI
sµpwdnw krky ies ƒ sµswr kilAwx leI smripq kridAW, bwxI bwry swƒ igAwn krwauNidAW
&rmwauNdy hn :
Dur kI bwxI AweI[[ iqin sglI icµq imtweI]
(soriT, mhlw 5, pµnw 628)
gurU swihbwn ny hr QW aupr ies bwxI ƒ r`bI bwxI, krqy dI bwxI, Ksm kI bwxI jW ieh
idRVH krvwieAw hY ik AsIN kuC nhIN ieh sB prmwqmw dy hukm dw hI ‘zhUr' hY[ gurU swihbwn ny
gurbwxI ƒ ‘gwvhu scI bwxI' dI isìKAw dyx dy nwl-nwl ies bwxI ƒ ivcwrn dI vI qwkId kIqI hY[
cOQy pwqswih dw hukm hY :
bwxI ibrlau bIcwrsI jy ko gurmuiK hoie]
ieh bwxI mhw purK kI inj Gir vwsw hoie]
(rwmklI EAµkwr, mhlw 1, pµnw 935)
* pRo&Ysr, pµjwbI XUnIvristI, irjnl sYNtr, biTµfw[
** lYkcrwr, pµjwb ihstOrIkl st`fIz, pµjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw[
1
gurumq mwrqµf (Bwg pihlw), SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI, sRI AµimRqsr, 1996, pµnw-384.
2
sRI rwg mhlw 3 (pµnw 67).
49
gurbwxI dy mhwn ivAwiKAwkwr BweI gurdws jI, ijnHW ƒ siqgurW ny gurU gRµQ swihb dy pihly
ilKwrI hox dw mwx id`qw, bwxI bwry mihmwmeI idRStI qoN ilKdy hn :
jYsy qo skl iniD pUrn smudR ibKY,
hµs mr jIv inhcY pRswd pwveI[
qYsy gurbwnI ibKY skl pdwrQ hYN;
joeI joeI KojY soeI soeI inpjwveI[
(kib`q-546)
gurU Aqy Sbd ƒ iek rUp mµnidAW Awp ilKdy hn :
gur mY Sbd hY Sbd mwih siqgur,
ingun sgun gXwn DXwn su suJwvY jI[1
(kib`q-608)
BweI nµd lwl jI vI Awpxy ‘rihqnwmy’ dI pRSnoqrI ivc bwxI bwry spSt kridAW &rmwauNdy
hn :
qIn rUp hY moh ky sunhu nµd ! icq lwie
inrgux srgux gur Sbd khhu qoih smJwie[[6[[
Sbd sunY gur ihq icq lwie[
igAwn Sbd gur suny sunwie[2
BweI sµqoK isµG ny gurU hirgoibµd jI dy hvwly nwl spSt kIqw hY ik ijvyN kwT ivc AgnI
Aqy du`D ivcoN iGE Xqn krn qoN ibnw pRwpq nhIN huµdw, iesy pRkwr gurbwxI inrI pVHn nwl Blw nhIN
huµdw sgoN guurbwxI ƒ ‘ivcwrn' Aqy gurU dy d`sy mwrg aupr Aml krky hI gurbwxI dw Asl Bwv jIvn
ƒ skwrQ krn dy smr`Q huµdw hY[
pwT kry huie puµin mhwnw[ (pr) nWihn pRwpq Awqm gXwnw]45]
jib ibcwr kir irdy bswvY[ sB ibvhwrin ibK kmwvY]
(qb) gXwn pRkwSY Awnµd pwvY[ jnm mrn ko kSt imtwvY3]46]
is`K gurU swihbwn dI mnsw sI ik gurbwxI isr& ‘is`K Drm’ dy pYrokwrW qIk hI sIimq nw
rhy sgoN ies qoN dUsrIAW BwSwvW ijvyN sµsikRq Aqy ‘qurkW dI BwSw’ jwxn Aqy bolx vwly lok vI igAwn
hwisl krn[ ‘gur pRqwp sUrj gRµQ’ dI qIjI rwis dy AµsU 41 qoN gurU swihb dI ies Bwvnw dw pRgtwvw
huµdw hY :
shsikRq Aru qurkin BwSw[
ies mihN iliK lY hYN buiD rwsw[
siB aUpir psrih ieh DweI[
ijm jl pr su icknqw pweI]7]4
swihbW ny pYr-pYr auqy Awpxy mn, bc, krm Aqy smu`cI gurbwxI rwhIN swƒ sucyq kIqw hY ik
gurbwxI isr& ‘pVHn’ Aqy igAwn dy idKwvy Aqy vwDy rwhIN mnu`K ivc ‘hµkwr’ pYdw krn dw kwrx nw
bx jwvy sgoN ieh qW iek jIvn-jwc, jIvn-Aml Aqy jIvn-AµimRq hY, ijs ƒ gRihx krky mnu`K
gurumq mwrqµf (Bwg pihlw), pµnw-389.
auhI, pµnw-389.
3
auhI, pµnw-392.
4
auhI, pµnw-393.
1
2
50
Awpxw auDwr kr skdw hY[1 prµqU ibnw Aml qoN, ibnW AnuBv qoN bwxI dw inrw ‘qoqw-rtn’ krky mnu`K
aus auc Awqimk Awnµd qoN ibrvw rih jWdw hY[ ijvyN ‘kVCI’ swrI aumr vI BWfy ivc pey pdwrQW ivc
iPrdI rihµdI hY prµqU auh AµqrIv ‘rs’ ƒ gRihx krn qoN Asmr`Q rihµdI hY[
kVCIAw iPrMin@ suAwau n jwxin@ su\IAw]
syeI muK idsMin@ nwnk rqy pRym ris]
(vwr gUjrI, mhlw 5, pµnw 521)
smu`cI gurbwxI ny ijs pRkwr dy AwdrS mnu`K dI isrjxw krn dw ieiqhwsk bIVw cuìkAw sI
aus AwdrS mnu`K dy rUp Aqy jIvn bwry, BweI gurdws jI AwpxI vwr ivc Awpxw swr ies qrHW pyS
krdy hn :
gurmuiK pµifqu hoie jgu prboDIAY[
gurmuiK Awpu gvwie Aµdru soDIAY[
gurmuiK squ sµqoKu n kwmu kroDIAY[
gurmuiK hY inrvYru n vYr ivroDIAY[
chu vrnw aupdyS sihj smoDIAY[
Dµnu jxydI mwau joDw joDIAY]9]2
(vwr 19)
gurbwxI bwry ivcwr krn bwAd, ku`J sµKyp vrxn ‘inrml pµQ' bwry vI krnI auicq pRqIq
huµdI hY[ ies nwl swfw ieiqhwsk pirpyK spSt ho jwvygw[ BweI kwnH isµG nwBw Anuswr, “inrml
AQvw inrmlu: iv. inm~l. mYl rihq SuD ‘inrml audk goibµd kw nwm’ (gau.m.5) ‘inrml qy jo
rwmih jwn’ (BYr kbIr) 2. sµgÎw-pwrbRhm. krqwr. ‘jo inrmlu syvy su inrmlu hovY’ (mwJ A. m-3)
3. pRkwS. aujwlw ‘ikau kir inrmlu, ikau kir AµiDAwrw ?’ (isDgosit) 4. iv. roSn dyKo cwKY-2”[3
iesy pRsµg ivc ‘inrml pµQ’ dI ivAwiKAw kridAW Awp ilKdy hn, “sµgXw-is`K sµpRdwX[ 2. ^wils
pµQ ‘mwirAw is`kw jgq ivc nwnk inrml pµQ clwieAw’ (Bwgu)”[4 ‘inrmlw’ Sbd dI ivAwiKAw
kridAW BweI kwnH isµG nwBw ilKdy hn, “iv. mYl qoN ibnw, doKo inrml ‘Aihins nvqn inrmlw, mYlw
kbhUµ n hoie’ (vwr sUhI mhlw 1) 2. AivdXw mYl rihq, ‘swD sµig hoie inrmlw nwnk pRB kY rµig’
(gauVI iQqI m.5) 3. sµgXw-inrml (^wils Drm) Dwrx vwlw gurU nwnk dyv dw isK, ‘sbid rqy sy
inrmly’ (sRI m. 3) 4. dyKo inrmly”[5 ‘inrmly’ Sbd dI ivAwiKAw rwhIN BweI kwnH isµG nwBw ny ies
sµpRdwie dy ieiqhwsk pirpyK Aqy gurU goibµd isµG mhwrwjw nwl ies sµpRdwie dy sµbµDW dI vI spSt
ivAwiKAw kridAW iliKAw hY- “inrmly : inrmlw dw bhuvcn dyKo inrmlw 2. sRI gurU goibµd isµG jI
ny pµj isµGW (rwm isµG, krm isµG, gµfw isµG, vIr isµG, soBw isµG) ƒ bRhmcwrI dy Bys ivc sµsikRq
ivdÎw pVHn leI kwSI ByijAw sI, aunHW dI ‘inrmly’ sµgÎw hoeI, ienHW pµjW dy cwtVy jo inrml vsqR
pihr sWq ic`q rih ky ivdÎw Ar nwm dw ABÎws, Aqy Drm pRcwr krdy rhy hn, auh sB inrmly s`dy
Qwl ivic iqµin vsqU peIE squ sµqoKu vIcwro[[
AµimRq nwmu Twkur kw pieE ijskw sBsu ADwro[[
jo ko KwvY jy ko BuµcY iqs kw hoie auDwro[[ (muµdwvxI mhlw 5, pMnw-1429).
2
gurumq mwrqµf (Bwg pihlw), pµny 401-02.
3
mhwn koS, pµnw-712.
4
auhI, pµnw-712.
5
auhI, pµnw-712, kwlm 3.
1
51
jWdy hn, is`K kOm ivc inrmly swDU ivdÎw dy pRymI Ar ivcwrvwn hn, dyKo AKwVw Aqy Drm Dujw”[1
BweI gurdws ny vI inrml pµQ ƒ purwxw gurmuiK pµQ hI svIkwr kIqw hY, aunHW Anuswr :
gurmuiK pµQu inrolu n rly rlweIAY[
gurmuiK pµQu Alolu sihj smweIAY[ (BweI gurdws, vwr 3, pauVI 5)
ieauN inrml pµQ gurU nwnk swihb v`loN hI sQwipq kIqw igAw[ sRI gurU goibµd isµG jI ny
inrml pµQ ƒ iek v`KrI sµpRdwie vjoN sQwipq nhIN kIqw sgoN aunHW ny qW is`K Drm, gurbwxI dy pRcwr
Aqy pwswr ƒ pUry Bwrq ivc iek rwStrvwdI Bwvnw nwl is`KW Aqy pµjwb qoN bwhr dUjy DrmW, dUrdurwfy ielwikAW Aqy aunHW lokW qIk vI gurbwxI dI isìKAw phuµcwaux dw ieiqhwsk Xqn kIqw ijs
nwl is`KI dw vgdw dirAw-smUh Bwrq vwsIAW dy jIvn ƒ srsbz kridAW, lokweI dy v`fy ih`sy ƒ
AnpVHqw, AµD-ivSvwsW, pRoihqW dI lu`t, Drm Aqy krm kWf dy Awfµbr qoN mukq krky aunHW dy jIvn ƒ
inrml igAwn pRdwn kridAW jIvn ƒ skwrQ Aqy sPlw bxw sky[
gurbwxI dy pRcwr Aqy pwswr ihq, gurU nwnk swihb dIAW AwrµBIAW audwsIAW qoN lY ky A`j
qIk dIAW is`K sµpRdwvW, sµqW, bRhm igAwnIAW, icµqkW, ivAwiKAwkwrW Aqy kQwkwrW vloN AµimRq bwxI
dI ivAwiKAw Aqy pRcwr, pRswr dw ieh AKu`t Sbd-lµgr, Aqu`t Aqy inrµqr rUp ivc A`j vI vrqxw
jwrI hY[ swfy leI pihlw svwl ieh hY ik gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw ^ws krky gur-AwSy Anuswr gurbwxI
dI ivAwiKAw dI loV ikauN peI ? ies sµbµD ivc gurU Amrdws vyly qoN hI gurU Gr dy doKIAW, inµdkW
Aqy eIrKwlUAW vloN ‘k`cI bwxI’ dw pRcln kIqw jwxw AwrµB ho igAw sI[ gurbwxI Aqy gurU-Gr dy ies
ivroDI ruJwn ƒ pµcm pwiqSwh gurU Arjn dyv jI ny, gurU gRµQ swihb dI 1604 eI. iv`c sµpwdnw krky,
‘k`cI bwxI’ Aqy ‘s`cI bwxI’ ivcly rol Gcoly ƒ hmySw leI smwipq kr id`qw[ swfy ivcwr ivc gurbwxI
dI ivAwiKAw kIqy jwx dI zrUrq, hyT ilKy kwrxW krky pRmu`K rUp ivc hoNd ivc AweI[
1. gurbwxI lok-BwSw ivc rcI jwx dy bwvjUd ‘bRhm-vIcwr’ hox kwrx, hr swDwrx mnu`K dI bOiDk
smr`Qw qoN bhuq bwhr sI[ ies gUVH ‘bRhm-igAwn’ ƒ Awm lokW dI cyqnw dw ih`sw bxwaux ihq, ies
dI ivAwiKAw kIqI jwxI pihlI ieiqhwsk zrUrq sI[
2. gurbwxI dy ArQ krn vyly jW s`cy ArQ krn dI smr`Qw ‘siqgurW’ qoN ibnW iksy mnu`K dy h`Q v`s
nhIN sI[ prµqU is`K gurU swihbwn leI bwxI rcx Aqy is`K Drm dy pswr dy nwl-nwl, ieko vyly
ivSwlqw gRihx kr rhy is`K Drm dy smu`cy pYrokwrW leI AwvwjweI dy sIimq swDn hox kwrx gurbwxI
dy igAwn dI in`jI rUp ivc ivAwiKAw kr skxI sµBv nhIN sI[
3. BwSweI p`K qoN vyiKAW gurbwxI ivc aus vyly dI lok-bolI dy nwl-nwl igAwn dI BwSw vjoN sµsikRq,
&wrsI, ihµdI, swD BwKw, ArbI, pRwikRq, bRj BwSw Awid dI SbdwvlI dy nwl-nwl, gurU gRµQ swihb ivc
Swiml, Bwrq Br ivcoN BgqW dI bwxI kwrx Swiml hoeIAW v`K-v`K ielwikAW dIAW bolIAW dy SbdW dI
pRmwixk ivAwiKAw iek hor Aihm zrUrq sI[
4. gurbwxI ivc bhuq swrIAW QwvW aupr vrqI sµklpI SbdwvlI, ijvyN- bRhm, jIv, nwm, siqguru,
kudrq, mn, Drm, mukqI, inrvwx, Awvwgmn, Sbd, igAwn, swDnw, gurU Awid Dwrimk Aqy dwrSink
sµklpW dI ivAwiKAw[ ienHW dI pUrvlI BwrqI Drm-drSn dI prµprw nwl sWJ Aqy vKryvyN ƒ Awm
mnu`K dI smJ dw ih`sw bxwaux leI, igAwnvwn mnu`KW Aqy gurbwxI dy pRmwixk ivAwiKAwkwrW vloN ies
dI ivAwiKAw kIqI jwxI, ies dy smu`cy Bwrq ivc pRcwr Aqy pRswr leI bVI zrUrI sI[
1
mhwn koS, pµnw-712, kwlm-3.
52
5. kwiv-Swsqr Anuswr iksy Sbd dy ArQ inrDwrn krn leI ivAkqI ivSyS ƒ iek qoN v`D igAwnAnuSwsnW dI smJ Aqy soJI hox dI zrUrq bVI buinAwdI Srq hY[ BwrqI kwiv-Swsqr Anuswr iksy
Sbd dy TIk-TIk ArQW dy igAwn leI mnu`K ƒ 1. ivAwkrn 2. koS 3. prµprw 4. BwSw SwsqR 5.
inrukq 6. pRsµg/pRkrx 7. drSn Awid vrgy mh`qvpUrx igAwn-AnuSwsnW ivc muhwrq hoxI bVI
zrUrI hY[ so Awm mnu`K gurbwxI dy ArQW dy AnrQ nw kr lvy Aqy AnrQ krn dw BwgI bx ky
gurbwxI rUpI AµimRq qoN lwhw lYx Aqy jIvn-sµvwrn dI QW pwp dw BwgI nw bx jwvy[ ies kurwhy ƒ
rokx Aqy shI pRkrx ivc shI ivAwkrixk igAwn dI roSnI ivc shI ivAwiKAw kIqy jwx dI loV,
gurbwxI dy swry SrDwlUAW Aqy gurbwxI dy igAwn hwisl krn vwly suBwgy mnu`KW leI bhuq hI Aihm
zrUrq sI[ iek swDwrx ivAkqI Aqy gurbwxI dw SrDwlU Awpxy kTor jIvn ivc ieµnW ku`J is`Kx dy
aunHW simAW ivc smr`Q hI nhIN ho skdw sI[ so Awm mnu`K leI kIqI jwx vwlI ivAwiKAw hI lwhyvµd
ho skdI sI[
6. is`K gurU swihbwn dy swhmxy v`fw mslw mwieAw dy lV l`gy ‘mnmuK’ ƒ gurbwxI dI vIcwr Aqy Aml
rwhIN iek ‘sicAwr’ GwViq dw iek ‘gurmuK’ mnu`K dI isrjxw dw mslw iek ivkrwl smìsAw sI[
ies ‘sicAwr’ mnu`K dI auswrI leI aunHW ‘squ, sµqoK Aqy vIcwr’ ƒ Awpxw hiQAwr bxwieAw[ ‘guxW
nwl sWJ krn’ Aqy ‘Avgux C`fx’ dy nyk Aqy svY-pVcol krn vwly mwrg ƒ AigAwn, AµD-ivSvws
Aqy ‘Ahµkwr’ ivc fu`by lokW leI ‘gurmuiK gwfI rwh’ dI sQwpnw kIqI[ sµswr Drm-drSn dI prµprw
ivc gurbwxI Aqy is`K gurU swihbwn dI sB qoN v`fI dyx igAwn dy bUhy cwry vrnW leI KolHx, inmrqw
Aqy ZrIbI ƒ v`fy mnu`KI sdguxW vjoN sQwipq krn ’c inihq hY[ gurU swihbwn ny Dwrimk sµkIrxqw
Aqy Awpxy hI Drm jW ivcwr ƒ v`fw is`D krn dI QW ‘‘jb lgu dunIAw rhIAY nwnk ikCu suixAY ikCu
kihAY”1 dy ‘‘sµbwdI isDWq” rwhIN sµswr dI igAwn-prµprw ƒ lok-qwqirk Aqy lok-p`KI bxwaux dw
ieiqhwsk imSn pUrw kIqw[
gurbwxI dI ivAwKAw dy hor bhuq swry kwrx vI igxwey jw skdy hn prµqU AsIN smyN, sQwn
Aqy muK ivSy qoN lWBy nw jweIey, ies kwrx ie`Qy hI smwpq krdy hW[
gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw dy kwrxW qoN AwpxI igAwn Xwqrw AwrµB kridAW, pµQ dy pRis`D
ivdvwn, fw. qwrn isµG ny gurU nwnk swihb ƒ ‘Dur kI bwxI’ dy pihly ivAwiKAwkwr pRvwn kIqw hY[
aunHW iliKAw hY ik AwpxIAW audwsIAW Aqy krqwrpur ivKy invws krn vyly qIk gurU nwnk swihb dw
myl-imlwp Aqy sµvwd Awpxy smyN dy smUh mq-mqWqrW nwl juVy swDUAW, irSIAW-munIAW Aqy ivdvwnW
nwl hoieAw[ ies kwrx gurU swihb ƒ ûd bwxI dI ivAwiKAw Awpxy smyN dy ivSyS pRkrxW ivc krn
dI pihl kdmI krnI peI[ ies qoN bwAd gurU nwnk swihb dI bwxI dI ivAwiKAw krn ihq dUsry gurU
swihbwn ny AwpxI bwxI rwhIN aus bwxI dI ivAwiKAw dw Xqn kIqw[ fw. qwrn isµG Anuswr, ‘ieh
srvoqm ivAwiKAw-pRxwlI sI[ ies ƒ AsW gurbwxI ivAwiKAw dI ‘shj-pRxwlI' ikhw hY ?2
dUsrI ivAwiKAw pRxwlI, audwsI sµpRdwie dy bwnI bwbw sRI cµd ny AwrµB kIqI[ ieµnHW dI
ivAwiKAw mOiKk-prµprw aupr AwDwirq sI[ ieµnHW dI v`fI dyx pµjwb qoN bwhr ZYr is`K Aqy pµjwbI
ielwikAW ivc pRcwr krn ivc inihq hY[ ienHW swDUkVI bolI 'c pRcwr kIqw jo swry Bwrq ivc smJI
jWdI sI[ ienHW dw idRStIkox Awpxy sroiqAW dy ipCokV ƒ iDAwn iv`c r`KidAW, vyd, Swsqr, simRqIAW
1
2
sRI gurU gRMQ swihb, pµnw-661.
qwrn isµG, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pblIkySn ibaUro, pµjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, 1997, vyKo, BUimkw, K.
53
Aqy pOrwixk kQwvW AwDwirq hox kwrx smnvYvwdI sI[ ieh lok dyvI-dyviqAW dw siqkwr krn, gRµQ
swihb ƒ pµjvW vyd mµnx l`g pey[1 gurU Amrdws ny gRihsQ AwSrm ’qy zor dy ky audwsI mq dy
iqAwgvwd ƒ T`lH pweI[ auprokq qoN ibnW ijnHW pRxwlIAW dw vrxn, fw. qwrn isµG ny kIqw auh hn,
BweI pRxwlI, prmwrQI pRxwlI, inrmlw pRxwlI, sµpRdweI pRxwlI, isµG sBweI pRxwlI Awid[ hr pRxwlI
dw audBv Aqy ivkws ivSyS ieiqhwsk, Dwrimk, rwjnIqk Aqy AwriQk pirisiQqIAW dy PlsrUp
hoNd gRihx krdw irhw hY[ ieµnHW pRxwlIAW dw Awpxw Aµqr-pRxwlI Aqy Aµqrw-pRxwlI sµvwd vI
ivAwiKAw-pRxwlIAW dy ieiqhwsk ivkws ivc Awpxw ivSyS Xogdwn idµdw irhw hY[ ie`Qy isr& inrml
sµpRdwie dI ivAwiKAw-pRxwlI bwry ivsiqRq crcw kIqI jwvygI[
inrml sµpRdwie dI ivAwiKAw-pRxwlI, gurU goibµd isµG jI dI dUr-AµdyS AgvweI, idRStIkox
dI ivSwlqw Aqy igAwn-muKI AsIs rwhIN hoNd ivc AweI[ BwvyN gurbwxI hmySw ‘srb`q dy Bly' ƒ AwpxI
AwDwriSlw pRvwn krdI rhI hY- iPr vI ‘ihµdusqwn' ‘Sbd’ dI pihlI vwr vrqoN, gurU nwnk swihb ny
AwpxI pRis`D bwxI ‘bwbrvwxI’ ivc krky AwpxI bwxI rwhIN smu`cy Bwrq ƒ sµboDn kIqw[ gurU goibµd
isµG mhwrwj vI ieh cwhuµdy sn ik aunHW dy is`K jW pµQ inrw Ssqr ividAw dy joS qIk hI sIimq nw
rhy sgoN auh Swsqr ividAw ivc vI inpuµn hox[ ieauN aunHW ^wlsw pµQ leI pihlI vwr SkqI Aqy
BgqI, Ssqr Aqy Swsqr, mIrI Aqy pIrI, rwj Aqy Xog, klm Aqy qlvwr, dw sµXog kridAW, Awpxy
pµQ Aqy gurbwxI dy igAwn ƒ smu`cy Bwrq qIk phuµcwaux Aqy smu`cy Bwrq dI AmIr swihiqk,
imiQhwsk, pOrwixk, dwrSink Aqy Drm-Swsqr dI prµprw ƒ, Awpxy pµQ dy igAwn Aqy icµqn dw
Gyrw ivSwl krn leI vrqx, smJx Aqy Awqmswq kIqy jwx dI igAwnmeI pRyrxw id`qI[
gurU goibµd isµG jI dy vyly do pRxwlIAW ‘inrmlw pRxwlI’ Aqy ‘sµpRdweI pRxwlI’ ijsdy
ivAwiKAwkwr BweI mnI isµG Aqy bwbw dIp isµG sn, hoNd ivc AweIAW[ Awpxy isrjxwqimk swihq
ivc gurU swihb ny ‘cµfI dI vwr' dI rcnw krky Aqy ‘cµfI cirqR' dI dsm gRµQ ivc rcnw krky BwrqI
lokW dI mr cu`kI Awqmw ƒ JµjoiVAw Aqy vyly dy hwkmW ivruD auT ky sµGrS krn leI lokW ƒ mhwn
pRyrxw id`qI[ aunHW durgw ƒ nwiek bxw ky ieµdr ƒ aus A`gy qrly kridAW ivKw ky nwrI ƒ mwx dyx dw
ieiqhwsk kwrj kIqw[ fw. qwrn isµG gurU swihb dy audyS bwry spSt kridAW ilKdy hn ik, ‘gurU
swihb cwhuµdy sn ik is`K ivdvwn swrI BwrqI AiDAwqimk ’qy hor hr pRkwr dI ividAw qoN jwxU hox[
dsm gRµQ dw srUp hI ies q`Q ƒ BlI-BWq spSt Aqy pRgt krdw hY[ pr aus smyN dy ihµd ividAk
kyNdrW ivSyS krky kwSI ivKy ZYr bRwhmxW ƒ vyd-ividAw nhIN sI id`qI jWdI, gurU swihb ny pµj is`KW ƒ
bRhmcwrI dy Bys ivc sµsikRq ividAw dI pRwpqI leI kwSI ByijAw[ ieh pµj is`K sµsikRq gRµQW dy pUrn
ivdvwn bx ky Awey Aqy aus ipRST-BUmI sihq aunHW ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw ivcwr AwrµB id`qI[ ieµnHW
ny A`goN bhuq is`KW ƒ sµsikRq gRµQW dI ivAwiKAw isKweI Aqy ies qrHW inrmlw pµQ hI bx igAw jo
is`K pµQ dw Aµg hY[ hux qIk inrmly ivdvwn is`KI pRcwr dw kµm kr rhy hn[ Bwrq Br ivc ienHW dy
sQwn, AKwVy, DrmDujW hn ijQoN is`KI dw pRcwr ho irhw hY[2
audwsI pRxwlI vWg ies pRxwlI dy ivdvwn vI mOiKk pRcwr hI krdy sn[ prµqU smyN dy bdlx
nwl, aunHIvIN sdI ivc ienHW vloN gRµQ rcx Aqy gurbwxI dy tIky ilKx dI prµprw vI pRcilq ho geI[
ies pRxwlI dy ivdvwnW dI v`fI dyx, gurbwxI dy tIky, gurmiq isDWqW dI ivAwiKAw, gurU gRµQ koS,
pRXwX, stIk Aqy gur-ieiqhws dy gRµQ rcx ivc vyKI jw skdI hY[ ies sµpRdwie dy mwrqµf ivdvwnW
1
2
gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pµnw-3.
auhI, pµnw-7 (BUimkw).
54
ivc, BweI sµqoK isµG, pµifq gulwb isµG, pµifq eISvr isµG, pµifq qwrw isG nroqm, igAwnI igAwn
isµG Aqy A`jk`lH dy ivdvwnW ivc igAwnI blvµq isµG koTw gurU vrgy pRiqSiTq ivdvwnW dy nwm lY
skdy hW[
fw. qwrn isµG inrml sµpRdwie dI ivcwrDwrw dw incoV pyS kridAW ieh mq pyS krdy hn
ik inrmly vyd ƒ pRmwx mµndy hn[ sµsikRq ƒ dyv-BwSw pRvwn krdy hn[ sµsikRq gRµQW dy pRkWf ivdvwn
sn[ auh vydW ƒ dyv-bwxI mµnidAW-prmwqmw dy hukm ƒ vyd ivc pRgt hoieAw mµndy hn[ aunHW dw
ivcwr hY ik prmwqmw dw hukm bdldw nhIN sgoN Xug Anuswr aus dI BwSw bdldI hY[ qwrn isµG
Anuswr, ‘gurbwxI vyd bwxI dw aulµGx nhIN krdI, qIrQ vrq ƒ vI nhIN inµddI, mUrqI pUjw dw ivroD
krdI hY, nwm rUp ƒ inrgux dI aupwsnw dw muK swDn mµndI hY ; gurbwxI bRhm, Awqmw, jIvwqmw,
krm, Awvwgvn, mukqI dy isDWqW dI ausy qrHW kwiel hY ijvyN snwqnI ihµdU ivcwrDwrw inrmly Awm
krky vydWqI hoey hn Aqy ienHW ny gurbwxI ivAwiKAw ivc vydWqI SbdwvlI Aqy ivcwrDwrw ƒ hI
pRmu`Kqw id`qI hY[ bRhm mwieAw, igAwn sohµ hI ienHW dI SbdwvlI hY[ ieh nwm-jp ƒ pRmu`K swDn qy
mµndy hn pr nwl-nwl ieh brwbr khI jWdy hn ik igAwn ibnw mukqI nhIN ho skdI, igAwn hI
mukqI dw duAwr hY[1
inrml sMpRdwie dw AwDwr sRoq ikauNik vyd Aqy sµsikRq BwSw ivc rcy dUsry Drm-Swsqr
nwl juVy gRµQ sn, ies kwrx-vydWq dw pRBwv, drSn, ivcwrDwrw, BwSw Aqy igAwn-sµjm dy p`KoN pYxw
Aqy ies pRBwv AnuswrI gurbwxI dI kIqI jwx vwlI ivAwiKAw dw BwrqI Drm-drSn dy pirpyK qoN
pRBwivq hoxw suBwivk sI, so ies myl imlwp Bwv vYidk-pRxwlI Aqy gurbwxI dy AwpsI sumyl qoN jo nvyN
ruJwn ies pRxwlI dI ivAwiKAw rwhIN hoNd ivc Awey auh ies pRkwr hn :
1. tIikAW dI bolI swD BwKw ho geI Aqy bolI ivc sµsikRq dI mwqRw vD geI[
2. gurbwxI dy Anyk pRkwr dy pd-Cyd kIqy jwx l`gy Aqy ieko quk dy keI-keI pwT hox l`gy[
3. iek quk dy keI pwT hox nwl aus dy keI-keI ArQ kIqy jwx l`gy jo muK ArQ Aqy gaun ArQ khy
jwx l`gy[ ArQW ivc AinScqqw vDx l`gI[
4. iek-iek Sbd dy sµsikRq koSW Anuswr keI-keI ArQ hox l`gy Aqy iek pµgqI dy tIky vI bhuq
hox l`gy[
5. imiQhws dIAW pOrwixk kQw khwxIAW, pRsµg, auQwnkw dy rUp ivc Aqy iksy isDWq dI ivAwiKAw
leI vrqy jwx l`gy[
6. ihµdU Drm gRµQW ivcoN pRmwx id`qy jwxy l`gy[ aunHW dy sµsikRq pwT dy ky aus dy tIky id`qy jwx l`g pey[
7. ArQ-pRxwlI ivc vydWqI rµg BirAw jwx l`gw[2
inrml pµQ dI ivAwiKAw pRxwlI dy Awlocnwqimk mu`lWkx dI loV hY qW ik ieµnHW ivdvwnW dI
kIqI igAwn syvw dw shI mu`l pwieAw jw sky[ vydWq Aqy gurbwxI dy isDWqW ivc kuJ sWJW Aqy kuJ
vKryvyN vI hn[ inrml ivAwiKAw pRxwlI dy dwrSink ipCokV kwrn jo pRBwv gurbwxI ivAwiKAw aupr
pey ienHW dI inSwndyhI ƒ Drm-drSn dy pRis`D ivdvwn, jsbIr isµG AwhlUvwlIAw ny Awpxy iek
mh`qvpUrn lyK, ‘is`K drSn dy vydWqIkrn Aqy inrml sµpRdwie’ ivc hI dwrSink Aqy isDWqk
pihlU qoN spSt kIqw hY[ smu`cI crcw dw swr pyS kridAW aunHW iliKAw hY ik, ‘is`K &ls&y nwl
1
2
gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pµnw-8.
auhI, pµnw-9.
55
BwrqI dwrSink prµprw iek nvyN, aucyry pVwau au~qy phuµcdI hY jo vYidk bhu-dyvvwd (polytheism)
vydWqk AdÍYqvwd (monism); sWKX dÍµdvwd (dualism); nXwX vYSyiSk XQwrQvwd (realism); boDI
ieµdRAwvI AnuBvvwd (empiricism) Aqy ihµdU iek eISrvwd (monotheism) nwloN iBµn Aqyy ivl`Kx
hY[1 auNj smwjk-ieiqhwsk pirpyK qoN 18vIN sdI dy ibKVy simAW ivc, jdoN ^wlsw pµQ Gor sµkt ivcoN
gujr irhw sI, ies sµprdwie vloN gurbwxI dy pRcwr Aqy pRswr ihq kIqI geI syvw Aqy inBweI geI
ieiqhwsk BUimkw dI ivdvwn lyKk ny SlwGw vI kIqI hY[ vydWq Aqy gurbwxI dy AwpsI dwrSink sµbµDW
Aqy vKryivAW bwry do hor ivdvwnW dy ivcwr vI ies pihlU ’qy roSnI pwaux dw cµgw Xqn hn[ pihly
hn fw. rwm isµG dI pusqk ‘suKmnI swihb iek srvp`KI AiDAYn’ ivc vyKo pwT cOQw, ‘suKmnI dw
dwrSink q`q’ ivc pyS ivcwr[2 dUsrw Xqn hY fw. joigµdr isµG dI pusqk ‘suKmnI swihb dw
dwrSink AwDwr’ dy AiDAwie dUjw dw Kµf-3 ivc kIqw qulnwqimk AiDAYn[3 ihMdU Drm nwloN is`K
Drm dy inAwrypn ƒ smJx leI BweI kwnH isµG nwBw dI pusqk ‘‘hm ihµdU nhIN” ivc ‘‘vyd ismRqI
purwx” pµny 42 qoN 50 vyKy jw skdy hn[ ies sµpRdw dI v`fI dyx gurbwxI dy krm Kyqr Aqy igAwnKyqr ƒ ivsqwrn ivc inihq hY[ ZYr is`KW ^ws krky SrDwlU ihµdU DrmI pRymIAW ƒ gurbwxI nwl joVn
dI ieµnHW dI syvw ivSyS snmwn dI AiDkwrI hY[ ies pµQ dy Ajoky mwrqµf ivdvwn, blvµq isµG Anuswr,
‘inrml ByK ivdvwnW dI sµpRdwie hY[ ies sµpRdwie dw swihqX/ieiqhws ivc pwieAw Xogdwn
gOrvSwlI hY[ ies sµpRdwie ny jn swDwrn ƒ igAwn dy dIpk nwl ivvyk bu`DI dw pRkwS bîSAw hY[
ivSv dy kony kony ivc gurmiq/gurbwxI dw pRvwh clwieAw, mnu`Kqw ƒ sd mwrg pwieAw[ AµD
ivSvws/AigAwnqw dy hnHyry ivcoN k`F ky ‘Drm’ Aqy ‘sìq’ qoN jwxU kIqw[ ...siqguru nwnk dyv jI dw
inrml pµQ mnu`Kqw dI kilAwx vwsqy pµj sO vrS qoN Drm pRcwr Aqy pRswr dI syvw krdw Aw irhw hY
Aqy BivSXq ivc krdw rhygw[4
igAwnI blvµq isµG Anuswr gurU nwnk swihb qoN gurmµqR pRwpq krn vwlw pihlw inrmlw sµq
BweI BwgIrQ hY[ igAwnI jI ieh vI iviKAwn krdy hn ik inrmly sµq BgvyN vsqr Dwrn krn, Gr
dw iqAwg, jµgl ivc eykWq bYTx, jn-swDwrn ƒ drSn idµdy rhy Aqy ‘siqnwmu’ dw aupdyS idµdy rhy
hn[ dSm pwiqSwh vloN rihq ivc pirvrqn krn kwrx-inrmly AµimRq Ck ky vI Awpxw Xogdwn
idµdy rhy hn[ s. SmSyr isµG ASok Awpxy iek Koj p`qr ‘inrmly swDUAW dI is`K Drm ƒ dyx’ ivc
gurU goibµd isµG mhwrwj dy ies sµpRdwie Aqy inrml ByK pRqI idRStIkox ƒ ieµnHW SbdW ivc pyS krdy
hn- ‘sRI gurU goibµd isµG jI ny is`K Drm dw pRcwr isrP pµjwb q`k hI sIimq nhIN sI r`Kxw, ies leI
inrmly swDUAW ƒ AqIq Bys Dwrn dI Ku`lH dy ky aunHW ny, isµGW dy bnwrsoN muVnswr, dyS dy hryk ielwky
ivc ByijAw Aqy Pyr Awnµdpur C`f ky mwlvy dy ielwky jwx smyN dmdmy qoN nWdyV q`k aunHW ƒ Awpxy Aµg
sµg hI rìKAw[ pµifq krm isµG, drgwhw isµG Awid inrmly swDU ijnHW qoN Awp inq-pRiq purwqn gRµQW
dI kQw suixAw krdy sn, Dur d`Kx (nµdyV) q`k Awpdy hm rkwb rihµdy rhy[’5 inrml pµQ dI sQwpnw,
1
inrml sµpRdwie, pµnw-169.
pµjwbI swihq AkwfmI, luiDAwxw, 1996.
BwSw ivBwg pµjwb, pitAwlw, 1986.
4
igAwnI blvµq isG koTw gurU, inrml pµQ dI gOrv gwQw, sRImwn mhµq blvµq isG sYktrI, suKdyv kutI-rqn bwg, knKl
(hirdvwr, auqrWcl), 2009, pµnw-13.
5
pRIqm isµG (sµpw.), inrml sµpRdwie, gurU nwnk AiDAYn ivBwg, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, AµimRqsr, 1981, pµnw-149.
2
3
56
‘vyd kqyb’ dohW qoN bwhr gurU nwnk swihb ny kIqI sI[ inrml pµQ dy ies inAwrypn dw izkr vI
igAwnI blvµq isµG jI ny BweI bwly vwlI jnm swKI dI ‘m`ky dI gost’ dy hvwly nwl ieauN kIqw hY :
kilXug nwnk inrmlw, gur cylw prvwn[
pwir auqwry sBnw, siqnwm dy dwn[
kilXug nwnk inrmlw, pµQ clwieE Awie[
vyd kqyboN bwhrw, jpdy eyk Kudwie[1
BweI sµqoK isµG Anuswr dsm pwqSwih ny Kµfy bwty dw AµimRq pµj ipAwirAW ƒ Ckw ky
ivDIvq rUp ivc ‘inrml pµQ’ ƒ kOmI rUp dy id`qw[
ieh ibiD pWco isµG ko Kµfy phul dIn[
pµc koS aur igAwn dy ‘inrml pµQ’ su kIn[2
BweI gurdws dUjy ny vI ‘‘gur sµgq kInI ^wlsw'' rwhIN ieho s`cweI idRVH krvweI hY[ pµifq
gulwb isµG jI ny ‘mokS pµQ pRkwS' gRµQ ivc inrml pµQ dI ivSySqw ies qrHW ibAwn kIqI hY :
sRI gurU goibµd isµG su, pUrx hir Avqwr[
rcXo pµc Bv mY pRgt, do ibD ko ivsqwr[
eykn ky kr KVg dY, Buj bl bhu ibsqwr[
pwln BUmI ko krXo, dustn mUl auKwr[
inrml BwKy jgq iqh, hyry bRhm su eyk[3
ie`Qy spSt hY ik pµQ do rUpW ivc sµgiTq kIqw igAw[ iek j`Qw SsqrW duAwrw dIn-dunI dI
rwKI leI sjwieAw igAw[ dUsrw j`Qw Swsqr-ividAw nwl vroswieAw igAw[ ieh nwm-bwxI Aqy
gurmiq dI ivAwiKAw Aqy ividAw dwn dyx leI dyS-dySWqrW ivc Awpxw krm krdy rhy[
Ssqr ivìdAw dy nwl-nwl Swsqr ividAw dw igAwn swDwrx is`K jnqw qIk pRcwrn Aqy
pRswrn ivc gurU goibµd isµG dw Xogdwn Adu`qI hY[ ivìdAw nwl Aqy ividAw-ivhUxy is`KW nwl gurU
swihb dI muh`bq dw koeI Aµq nhIN hY[ Awp pVHn Aqy dUijAW ƒ pVHwaux Aqy hr QW qoN igAwn hwisl
krn dI pRyrxw gurU swihb ny qlvµfI swbo ivKy ‘gurU kI kwSI’ dI sQwpnw krky id`qI[ aus ielwky dy bYl
bu`DI vwly lokW ƒ vI ivdvwn bxn dw vrdwn dy ky Awm lokW pRqI AwpxI icµqw Aqy snyh dw pRgtwvw
kIqw :
gurmuKI A`Kr jo hY BweI[ isK isK qy sIKy jweI[
AOr BI ividAw jih qih hoeI[ Avrn qy BI lyvy soeI[
siqgurW dy hukm nwl is`K, gurbwxI, gurmuKI, ieiqhws, imiQhws, rwg, kwvX, bRj BwSw,
&wrsI Aqy pµjwbI, pRym pUrvk pVH rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny is`KW ƒ sµsikRq pVHwaux dI mnsw nwl pµifq
rGUnwQ ƒ inXq kIqw[ pµifq rGUnwQ ny ieh kih ky ik is`K SUdr hn, bRwhmx Aqy kS`qrI nhIN[ ies
kwrx ieh dyv-BwSw pVHn dy AiDkwrI nhIN[ gurU swihb ny pµifq ƒ ikhw ik, ‘pµifq jI ! ijnHW ƒ qusIN
SUdr kihµdy ho ? ieµnHW is`KW dy crnW ivc bYT ky v`fy-v`fy bRwhmx vyd, Swsqr Awid cOdW qrHW dI
ivìdAw pVHngy[ igAwnI igAwn isMG Anuswr :
inrml pµQ dI gOrvgwQw, pµnw-17.
auhI, pµnw-19.
3
auhI, pµnw-20.
1
2
57
boly gur suin dÍj kI bwnI[ hy dÍj mUF AiBmwnI[
jo ibidAw piV qU grbY hYN, mm isKn ko sUdr kY hY[
ien hI myry is`Kn qY lK[ ibdXw byd pFYNgy dÍj dK[
ingmwgm lO cOdX ibdXw[ mYN inj pµQY deI pRis`DXw[
ijn ko qUµ SUdr bqrY hYN[ ibdXw gurU idjn ieh QYN hY[1
jwqpwq dI Amrvyl ivc jkVy muZlW dy Zulwm Bwrq ivc lokW ƒ ^ws krky d`by kucly Aqy
SUdR lokW ƒ ividAw dyx leI gurU swihb ny jo auprwly kIqy[ auprokq pRsµg qoN aunHW dI dUr-AµdySI Aqy
ilqwVy lokW leI ipAwr dw jo pRgtwvw huµdw hY[ inrml sµpRdwie dI dyx ies kOmI pirpyK Aqy jwq-pwq
ivc fu`by smwj dI mwniskqw dy pRsµg ivc smJy jwx dI loV hY[ gurU swihb ny ies sµpRdwie rwhIN ieko
vyly ‘AiDAwpk' jW igAwnI Aqy igAwn pRwpq krn vwly cyly dohW ƒ iqAwr krn dw ibKm kwrj
kIqw[
inrml pµQ dy ivdvwn 13 swl bnwrs ivc rih ky, cyqn m`T ivKy sµsikRq, vyd, aupinSd,
ivAwkrx, vydWg, nXwX, vydWq, ieiqhws, imiQhws Awid nwl sµbµiDq ividAw gRihx krky 1699 ivc
Awnµdpur vwips Awey[ inrmly mhWpurKW dI Gwlxw qoN KuS ho ky klgIDr ipqw ny aunHW ƒ bhuq AsIsW
id`qIAW[ ieµnHW ivcoN ‘ds b^SISW' bhuq pRis`D hn[ inrml pµQ do rUpW ivc pRis`D rhygw[ BgqI rUp
ivc ieh AµqrIv igAwn dI KVg Dwrn krky pµjW dUqW dw nws krygw[ iksy nwl rwg dvYS nhIN
krygw[ swrI mnu`Kqw ƒ inmrqw pUrbk nwm-bwxI nwl joVygw[ srbq pRwxI mwqR ƒ AwpxI hI Awqmw
mµnygw Aqy mµnx krvweygw[ igAwn dI ‘bFnI’ nwl kUV dy kUVy ƒ swP krygw[ dUsrw rUp : ^wlsw pµQ
srIrk bl nwl ADrmIAW, AiqAwcwrIAW, doKIAW dw srbloh dI KVg nwl suDwr krygw[ ies qrHW
pµQ Awqimk, Dwrimk Aqy smwjk suDwr krky, Bwrq Kµf ivc sqX jug vrqweygw[
Dµn jIau iqh ko jg mih muK qy hir icq mih juD bIcwrY[
dyh Ainq n inq rihh js nwv cVHY Bvswgr qwrY[
DIrj Dwm bnwie iehY qn, buiD su dIpk ijau aujXwrY[
igAwn kI bFnI mnhu hwQ lY kwqrqw kuqvwr buhwrY[2
dUsrI b^SIs ‘syvw’, qIsrI ‘sµqoK’, cOQI ismrn, pµjvIN mn dI siQrqw, CyvIN ‘smidRStI’,
s`qvIN' bRhm-igAwn, A`TvIN sKI Aqy sµqoKI hox dI, nOvIN pdwrQW dw iqAwg Aqy nwm ismrn, dsvIN
b^SIS nWdyV swihb prlok isDwrn vyly dyS dy kony-kony ivc jw ky gurU nwnk dI is`KI dw sµdyS GrGr phuµcwaux dI bîSS kIqI[ isµG Drm Xu`D krngy qusIN Drm dw pRcwr krogy[ AµimRq pRcwr, ividAw
dw pRswr kro, gurU nwnk sdw Aµg sµg rihxgy3 gurbwxI dy pRcwr-pRswr qoN ibnW, skUlI ividAw,
icikqsw, vYidk, syvw, ibRD-AwSrmW Aqy sµqW swDUAW leI AKwiVAW dI sQwpnw rwhIN vI inrml
sµpRdwie ny ‘syvw’ Aqy ‘iqAwg’ dy bhuq iSromxI pRiqmwn sQwpq kIqy hn[ ies sµpRdwie dy ivdvwnW dI
ieiqhwsk prµprw bhuq AmIr prµprw hY[ Drm, ieiqhws, SwsqrwrQ, ivAwiKAw, tIky, stIk, gurieiqhws Aqy gurbwxI dy mUl AwSy Anuswr, aus dI Bwrq dI gOrvSIl dwrSink prµprw dy pirpyK ivc
kIqI ivAwiKAw nwl, gurU nwnk swihb vloN AwrµBI Aqy gurU goibµd isµG mhwrwj vloN vrosweI “chu
1
2
3
inrml pµQ dI gOrvgwQw, pµnw-23.
auhI, pµnw-28.
ivsqwr leI vyKo, auprokq, pµny-28 qoN 34 (ds b^SISW)
58
vrnw kau dy aupdysu[[ ausu pµifq kau sdw Adysu[[1” Aqy srb`q dy Bly dI prµprw ƒ Bwrq dyS hI
nhIN sgoN sµswr dy kony-kony 'c phuµcwaux dw ishrw, inrml sµpRdwie dy isr hI b`Jdw hY[ gurbwxI dI
ivAwiKAw Aqy pRcwr dy nwl-nwl inrml sµpRdwie dy ivdvwnW, sµqW, mhwqmwvW Aqy kIrqnIAW dI
gurbwxI sµgIq Aqy kIrqn krn dy Kyqr ivc vI Adu`qI dyx hY[ igAwnI blvµq isµG jI koTwgurU ny
Awpxy gRµQ ‘sRI inrml pµQ boD’ ivc ies Kyqr ivc AnykW kIrqnIAW Aqy sµgIq dy mhwrQIAW dy nwlnwl sµq bwbw Aqr isµG msqUAwxw swihb vwly Aqy sµq eISr isµG jI rwVw swihb vwilAW vloN l`KW
pRwxIAW ƒ AµimRq Ckw ky gurbwxI kIrqn rwhIN gurbwxI nwl joVn dI ieiqhwsk pRwpqI dw izkr bVI
ikRqgXqw nwl kIqw hY[2
inrml sµpRdwie dI smu`cI dyx bwry fw. rqn isµG j`gI dy ivcwr hn ik, ‘‘gurmiq dy pRcwr
Aqy pRswr ivc inrml sµqW dI dyx ieiqhwsk Aqy Adu`qI hY[ inSTwpUrx inrµqr pRcwr rwhIN ieµnHW ny
ividAwilAW, mµflIAW, rmqy dlW, SwsqRwrQW Aqy Drm pusqkW dy pRkwSn dI ivvsQw kIqI hY[ ies qoN
ielwvw ieiqhwsk gurU-DwmW, fyirAW Aqy mTW dI auswrI duAwrw vI kw&I pRcwr hoieAw hY[ ^ws qOr ’qy
ienHW ny Bwrq dy pRis`D qIrQ sQwnW au~qy gurdvwirAW dI auswrI krky gurmiq ƒ aujwgr kIqw hY[’’3
sRI gurU gRMQ swihb, pMnw-274.
igAwnI blvµq isµG, sRI inrml pµQ boD, sRI inrml pµcwieqI AKwVw, knKl, hirdvwr (auØ`qr pRdyS), 1998, pµny-34 qoN 36.
3
is`K pµQ ivSvkoS, Bwg dUjw, gur rqn pbilSrz, pitAwlw, 2005, pµnw 1083. (inrml sµpRdwie bwry ivsiqRq jwxkwrI
‘inrml sµpRdwie’ vwly ieµdrwz pµny 1082-83 qoN vI leI jw skdI hY)
1
2
59
inrmilAW duAwrw kIqI gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI Aqy is`K pCwx
fw. gurmIq isMG*
gurbwxI (sIR gurU gRMQ swihb) is`KW dw Drm gRMQ hY[ Drm gRMQW dw AiDAYn Aqy ienHW dI
ivAwiKAw krn dw kwrj jitl Aqy Awm swihqk ikrqW nwloN v`Krw Aqy ivSyS huMdw hY[ ienHW dI
ivAiKAw dI AwpxI ivl`Kx BwSw huMdI hY ijs rwhIN ienHW dI AiDAwqmkqw nUM smJx dw Xqn kIqw
jWdw hY[ Drm gMRQW dy rh`s nUM smJx dIAW ivDIAW smyN Aqy smwj dIAW loVW muqwbk bdldIAW
rihMdIAW hn[ ies pRsMg ivc vyiKAw jwvy qW gurbwxI ivAwiKAw vI iek inrMqr prikirAw hY[
gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dw Aml ies prikirAw dw ihsw hY[ Ajoky pRsMg ivc gurbwxI dy mh`qv nUM
smJx Aqy ies Kyqr ivc hor kwrj krn leI pihlW hoeI gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAwkwrI/tIkwkwrI nUM
gqISIlqw dy pRsMg ivc ivcwrnw auicq hovygw[ gurbwxI nUM smJx leI v`K-v`K ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW
ijvyN sihj pRxwlI, prmwrQ pRxwlI, audwsI pRxwlI, inrmlw pRxwlI, sMpRdwie pRxwlI, isMG sBweI
pRxwlI Aqy AwDuink pRxwlI Awid ivksq hoeIAW hn[ ies pypr rwhIN AsIN gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw dy
iek p`K, gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc inrml sMpRdwie vloN kIqy kwrj nUM isDWqk p`K qoN smJx
dw Xqn krWgy[
pMjwbI swihq ivc Kws krky gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dy kwrj hwly mu`Fly pVwA ’qy hn[ Ajoky
ivAwiKAw SwsqrW dI qknIk dy pYmwny nwl vyiKAw jwvy qW ieauN l`gdw hY ik ies Kyqr ivc AsIN
pCVdy jw rhy hW[ ies pwsy v`l in`gr kdm cu`kx leI is`K pCwx dy nzrIey qoN vI spSt idSw qih
krn dI zrUrq hY[ gurbwxI ivAwiKAw Aqy tIkwkwrI dovNy iek dUsry nwl sMbMiDq kwrj hn[ ies Kyqr
ivc hor inKwr ilAwaux leI isDWqk inrp`Kqw Aqy Ajoky smyN dunIAW p`Dr dy ivAwiKAw SwsqrW nUM
vI iDAwn ivc r`Kxw pYxw hY[ ies leI tIky dy Swbidk ArQW bwry vI spSt hox dI loV hY[ tIkw
sMsikRq dy Sbd ‘tIk’ qoN bixAw hY[ tIkw dy ArQ hn ibAwn krnw jW kudxw[ iesdy ArQ ivAwiKAw
qoN vI ley jWdy hn[ iksy ikrq dy sMKyp ivc ArQ smJwaux dy swDn nUM tIkw kihMdy hn[1 qwrn isMG
Anuswr, “tIkw, it`pxIAW sihq, rcnw nUM srl bolI ivc ieMn-ibMn pyS krdw hY”[2 so tIky dw mksd
iksy rcnw dy ArQW nUM smJwauxw jW ausnUM srl bolI ivc pyS krnw huMdw hY[ srl bolI ivc pyS krn
leI sMbMiDq rcnw ivc vrqy gey sMklpW Aqy isDWqW nMU rcnw dI Awqmw q`k phuMcxw pYNdw hY[ ies leI
kyvl A`KrI igAwn jW kyvl kiTn SbdW dy ArQW dw sMcwr hI kwPI nhIN huMdw blik ArQW qoN AgWh
aus vwqwvrn nUM smJx dI vI loV huMdI ijs ivc ausdI isrjnw hoeI huMdI hY[ rcnw dI sMrcnw Anuswr
ausdy sMcwr pRbMD muqwbk ArQW nUM smJx dw kwrj sOKw nhIN huMdw Aqy nw hI ieh srv-pRvwinq huMdw
hY[ ies dI mu`K vjHw ieh hY ik rcnw dw hr pwTk AwpxI idRStI Aqy smJ muqwbk pwT krdw hY[
pwTk dI idRStI Aqy smJ siQr nhIN huMdI jo smyN Aqy smwj dI loV Anuswr bdldI rihMdI hY[
* rIfr, gurU goibMd isMG Drm AiDAYn ivBwg, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw Email [email protected], Phone No.
9814590699
1
pRkwS isMG (1981) “inrmilAW dy jpu jI stIk” inrml sMpRdwie, sMpw. pIRqm isMG, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, AMimRqsr,
pMnw:291
2
qwrn isMG (1997) gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, pMnw:1
60
ijhVIAW rcnwvW smyN Aqy sQwn dIAW sImwvW ivc nhIN b`JIAW huMdIAW aunHW dI vwr-vwr ivAwiKAw
huMdI rihMdI hY[
tIkwkwrI iek isrjnwqmk klw hY[ gurbwxI tIkwkwrI kyvl AOKy SbdW dy ArQW q`k jW
gurbwxI nUM srl bolI ivc ieMn-ibMn pyS krn q`k hI sImq nhIN hY[ tIky bwry ieh dwAvw krnw
muSkl hY ik ieh rcnw dw ieMn-ibMn rUp huMdw hY ikauNik rcnwkwr dy sMswr nUM smJxw iksy hor
ivAkqI ivSyS leI AOKw huMdw hY[ tIkwkwr dw inj Aqy ausdw Awpxw sMswr iksy nw iksy rUp ivc
Swml ho jWdw hY[ SbdW dy ArQW dI cox tIkwkwr AwpxI bu`DI Aqy soc dy muqwibk krdw hY ijsdw
ausdI SYlI ’qy pRBwv pYNdw hY[ tIkwkwr dI BwSw ausdy BwvW dw sMcwr vI krdI hY[ ies kwrj ivc injI
igAwn Aqy AnuBv qoN ielwvw ivcwrDwrw vI Swml huMdI hY[ SbdW dy ArQ iksy KlwA ivc pYdw nhIN
huMdy sgoN ienHW dy ipCy ArQ krn vwly dw igAwn ausdw AnuBv Aqy qzrbw kwrjSIl huMdw hY[ Ajoky
ivAwiKAw SwsqrI ieh q`Q svIkwrdy hn ik rcnwkwr nwloN pwTk v`Kry AnuBv nwl pwT krdy hn[
ivAwiKAwkwr ny rcnw (text) Aqy (reader) dy ivc pYdw hox vwly (gap) nUM Gtwauxw huMdw hY[ ies leI
Drm gRMQW dI ivAwiKAw leI ivksq hoieAw igAwn Swsqr hrmYnuitks rcnw dy sMswr Aqy pwTk dy
sMswr nUM smJx ’qy bl idMdw hY[1 so ies krky Dwrimk gRMQW dI ivAwiKAw/tIkwkwrI dw kwrj hor vI
guMJldwr huMdw hY ikauNik ienHW dw pwT Dwrimk AnuBv dI mMg krdw hY jo hr pwTk dw Awpo-Awpxw
huMdw hY[ ieh “AnuBv nw kyvl Awm jIvn dy AnuBv nwloN ivl`Kx huMdw hY, sgoN rh`smY hox kwrx jitl
vI huMdw hY[2 gurbwxI dy rh`s nUM smJx leI aus mhOl ivc jwxw pYxw hY ijs ivcoN iesdI rcnw hoeI hY[
inrml sMpRdwie vloN gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc kIqy kwrjW dw ies pRsMg ivc AiDAYn swrQk
ho skdw hY[
gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dy kwrjW nUM smJx leI mùFlI Srq ieh bx jWdI hY ik ieh vyiKAw
jwvy ik kI ienHW rwhIN gurbwxI dy rh`s nUM smiJAw jw skdw hY? ies pRSn dw koeI vI AiDAYn au`qr
nhIN dy skdw ikauNik gurbwxI dw rh`s AsIm (endless) hY[ ieQoN q`k ik gurU swihbwn vI kihMdy hn
ik ausnUM smJx leI BwvyN l`KW/kroVW Xqn kIqy jwx auh vI QoVHy rih jWdy hn[ Dwrimk AnuBv qoN
bwAd AglI smìsAw sMcwr dI AwauNdI hY[ ies leI ieh vyKxw zrUrI ho jWdw hY, kI tIkwkwr rcnw
ivc vrqIAW sMcwr jugqW nUM iDAwn ivc r`K irhw hY jW nhIN? gurbwxI dy sMcwr dI smJ pwaux leI
tIkwkwr nUM bhu-p`KI AnuBv nwl lYs hoxw pYxw hY[ gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw leI ies smìsAw nUM jI.
AYs. irAwl iek v`fI cuxOqI mMndy hoey ilKdy hn, “gurbwxI ivc pRXukq vMn-suvMnIAW BwSwvW qoN
ielwvw iesdw kivqwb`D hoxw, Aqy iPr ivSy-vsqU dw AiDAwqmk Aqy rh`smeI hoxw hY”[3 ieQy ieh
g`l vI iDAwn ivc r`Kx dI loV hY ik bwxIkwrW ny Awpxy Bwv Awm lokW dI bolI ivc pRgt kIqy hn[
gurbwxI aucwrn vwly gurUAW, BgqW, mhwpurKW dw audyS tkswlI Aqy iksy pRmwixk rUp vwlI BwSw
vrqxw nhIN sI[ aunHW dw AwSw sI Awpxy BwvW nUM aus bolI rwhIN pRgt krnw ijs nUM suxn vwly smJ
skx[ ies leI gurbwxI dI pMjwbI ivc jy ikqy ihMdI jW iksy hor BwSw dy AMS imldy hn qW koeI
AxhoxI g`l nhIN[ swDU-BwSw dw qy koeI stYNfrf rUp hI nhIN sI[ hr bwxI rcx vwly dI AwpxI BwSw,
1
Hermenutics is concerned with the examining the relationship between the two realms, the realms of a text or a
work of art on the one hand and the people who wish to understand it on the other( Werner G Jeanrond, Theological
Hermenutics: Development and Significance,1)
2
ipAwr isMG (1984) “tIkwkwrI :isDWqk ivSlySx”, tIkwkwrI, ieiqhwskwrI, qy p`qrkwrI, qIjI pMjwbI ivkws kwnPrMs,
pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, pMnw:98
3
jI. AYs. irAwl (2004) SbdW dIAW ilKqW, cyqnw pRkwSn, luiDAwxw, pMnw:231
61
ijhVy sroiqAW leI bwxI rcI geI hovy aunHW dI BwSw Aqy v`K-v`K DrmW, m`qW nwl sMbMiDq SbdwvlI dy
AMS bwxI ivc Swiml hoxy suBwivk hI sn[ ieho kwrx hY ik keI QweIN gurbwxI dI BwSw dy inXmW dI
iekswrqw tu`t jWdI hY[1 gurbwxI ivc BwvW dy sMcwr leI AnykW BwSwvW Aqy rwgW dw shwrw ilAw igAw
hY[ ies qoN ielwvw bwxIkwr ijQy v`K-v`K ielwikAW Aqy siBAwcwrW nwl sMbMiDq hn auQy ienHW dIAW
rcnwvW dw kwl vI iek nhIN hY[ Ajoky smyN dy ivAwiKAw SwsqrW dy hvwly nwl g`l krnI hovy qW
gurbwxI dy pRvcn bhup`KI, bhu-rMgI, bhu-prqI, bhu-kwlI, bhu-BwSweI Aqy bhu-vcnI hn[ gurbwxI
dI bhu-pu`Kqw dw ÛbsUrq pihlU hY ik ies rwhIN ieko pRBU nwl pyRm krn dw mwrg dìsAw igAw hY[
gurbwxI ivc pyS iek pRBU dy AnykW nwm hn[ gurU rwmdws jI dI bwxI d`sdI hY auh (r`b) iek ho ky vI
bhu-p`KI hY[2 bhu-rMgI iek pRmwqmw nUM iksy iek pRxwlI dy zrIey smJx dIAW koiSSW iek-p`KI jW
iek-AMgI rih jWdIAW hn[ ies p`K qoN inrml sMpRdwie dI tIkwkwrI iek-AMgI khI jw skdI hY[3
gurbwxI dy bhu-p`KI pRvcn nUM smJx leI vI bhu-p`KI ivAwiKAw pRxwlI dI loV hY[ Ajoky smyN dI loV
muqwbk ivksq hox vwlI bhu-p`KI ivAwiKAw-pRxwlI ivc inrml sMpRdwie vloN tIkwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc
kIqy kwrj shweI is`D ho skdy hn[
gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAwkwrI/tIkwkwrI dw hr pwTk Awpo Awpxy idRStIkox nwl AiDAYn krdw
hY so ies krky gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw dy pRsMg ivc g`l krnI hovy qW iesdI tIkwkwrI Aqy ivAwiKAw
nUM AsIN siQr ArQW ivc smJ nhIN skdy ikauNik gurbwxI dw sMdyS smyN Aqy sQwn dI sImw qoN pwr hY[
ieh jugo jug At`l Aqy inq nvW hY[4 gurbwxI dy pRvcn nUM siQr (fix) ArQW ivc bMn ky AsIN ies qoN
dYvI/r`bI AwnMd dI pwRpqI nhIN kr skdy[ gurbwxI dI hr Xu`g leI nvIN ivAwiKAw huMdI rihxI hY[ so
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw leI iesdy tIikAW, prmwrQW Aqy Anuvwd Awid dw hmySW mh`qv bixAw rihxw hY[
gurbwxI dI nvIN ivAwiKAw krn dy kwrj leI pihlW hoeI ivAwiKAw ny shweI is`D hoxw hY ikauNik hr
nvyN ivcwr leI purwxw igAwn AwDwr bxdw hYY[ gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dy kwrjW ivc l`gy ivdvwnW isr
dUhrI izmyvwrI hY[ aunHW ny ijQy gurbwxI dy ArQW nUM nvyN pRsMg ivc smJxw hY auQy tIkwkwrI dy Kyqr
ivc hoey kwrjW dw vI inrp`Kqw nwl AiDAYn krnw hY[ inrml sMpRdwie vloN gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI nUM
smJx leI ieh jwnxw zrUrI hY ik ienHW ny iks idRStIkox qoN ieh kwrj kIqy hn? Aqy inrmly
ivdvwnW ny ikho ijhy smwijk Aqy Dwrimk mhOl ivc ieh kwrj nypry cwVy hn? Aqy ies ipCy ienHW
dw kI mnorQ sI?
is`K Drm Sbd gurU dy isDWq ’qy kyNdrq hY, ijsdw sMsQweI rUp gurbwxI hY[ gurbwxI dw
piv`qr sMkln sIR gurU gRMQ swihb hY ijsnUM is`K prMprw ivc prmySvr dw ruqbw pRwpq hY[ is`K ies
krky vI inAwry hn ik ienHW dy sMsQwpk gurU swihbwn ny Kud ilKqI rUp ivc bwxI rcI hY Aqy iesnMU
gurU vjoN sMsQweI rUp id`qw hY[ is`K Drm dy bwnI gurU nwnk swihb Aqy aunHW dI g`dI ’qy ibrwjmwn gurU
swihbwn ny AwpxI bwxI rcI Aqy hornW bwxIkwrW dIAW rcnwvW nUM iek`Tw kIqw[ pMjvyN gurU Arjn dyv
jI ny sIR gurU gRMQ swihb dI sMpwdnw kIqI Aqy dsvyN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ies gMRQ nUM gurU dw drjw
fw. hrkIrq isMG (1997) gurbwxI dI BwSw qy ivAwkrn: gurbwxI dw BwSweI qy ivAwkrink AiDAYn, pMjwbI XUnIvristI
pitAwlw, pMnw:14
2
Awpy hir ieku rMgu hY Awpy bhu rMgI (gurU gRMQ swihb; 726)
3
inrmilAW dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw nUM jsbIr isMG AwhUvwlIAw ny ‘is`K drSn dw ivdWqIkrn ikhw hY jdoN ik Drm pwl mYxI dI
Dwrnw hY ik “jpujI ivc vrixq KMfW dI ivAwiKAw jo inrmly sMqW ny kIqI hY aus nUM vyK ky ieauN l`gdw hY ik aunHW dI icMqn
p`DqI dwrSink idRStI qoN vydWq-prk nhI sI” hor ivsQwr leI vyKo ‘inrml sMpRdwie, sMpw. pIRqm isMG, pMny 159 qoN 184
4
swihb myrw nIq nvw (sIR gurU gRMQ swihb; 660)
1
62
id`qw hY[ iesqoN ipCoN is`KW ny sIR gurU gRMQ swihb nUM gurU dI dyh mMinAw hoieAw hY[ ies pwsoN ieh
AgvweI lYNdy Aw rhy hn jo ienHW dy hr smyN AMg-sMg shweI hY[ dunIAw dy hornW BweIcwirAW nwloN is`K
ies krky vI ivl`Kx hn ik ies BweIcwry dI auswrI piv`qr bwxI nwl hoeI hY[ gurU nwnk swihb ny
AwpxI bwxI nwl is`KI Aqy is`KW dw mu`F bMinAw hY jo gRMQ Aqy pMQ dI gUVHI sWJ dy rUp ivc swkwr
hoieAw hY[ aunHW dI bwxI nUM suxn leI is`K sMgq iek`TI huMdI sI ijs qoN is`K BweIcwrw hoNd ivc
AwieAw hY[ gurbwxI suxnw Aqy iesdy AwDwr ’qy jIvn bqIq krnw mùFly is`KW dw Drm sI[ ies krky
gurU sMdyS nUM smJx leI is`K SurU qoN hI gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw dy kwrj ivc l`gy hoey hn[
gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI, gurbwxI ivAwiKAw dw mh`qvpUrn ihsw hY[ gurbwxI rcnw Aqy iesdI
ivAwiKAwkwrI dy kwrj nwlo-nwl cldy rhy hn[1 suBwivk hY ik sMgq dy rUp ivc iek`Ty huMdy is`K
gurbwxI suxn vyly iesdI ivAwiKAw vI krdy sn[ ieiqhwsk q`Q gvwh hn ik audwsIAW qoN ipCoN gurU
nwnk dyv jI jdoN krqwrpur phuMcdy qW aunHW nUM imlx leI is`K AwauNdy rihMdy sn[ BweI gurdws jI
muqwbk ieQy gurU jI Awpxy muK qoN bwxI aucwrdy Aqy igAwn goSit Aqy crcw krdy sn[2
gurU nwnk swihb vloN SurU kIqI ies prMprw ivc aunHW dI g`dI nUM AgWh qorn vwly gurU
swihbwn ny Xogdwn pwieAw hY[ dsW pwqSwhIAW dy gurU Aml ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw ivc vwDw kIqw
hY[ mu`Fly dOr ivc ieh prMprw zubwnI cldI sI ipCoN iesny ilKqI rUp DwirAw hY[ BweI gurdws jI ny
AwpxIAW vwrW rwhI is`KI dy mUl isDWqW dI ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ aunHW vloN kIqI ivAwiKAw dy nmUny vjoN
qIsrI vwr dI 15vIN pauVI vyKI jw skdI hY ijs ivc mUl mMqR dI ivAwiKAw kIqI geI hY:
“eykw eykMkwru iliK dyKwilAw[
aUVw EAMkwr pwis bhwilAw[
siq nwmu krqwru inrBwau BwilAw[
inrvYrhu jYkwru AjUin AkwilAw[
scu nIswxu Apwru joiq aujwilAw[
pMj AKr aupkwr nwm smwilAw[
prmysur suKu swru ndir inhwilAw[
nau AMig suMn sumwru sMig inrwilAw[
nIl AnIl vIcwir iprm ipAwilAw”[3
gurmiq dy ieiqhwsk sRoqW dy AwDwr ’qy gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw/tIkwkwrI dw AwrMB gurU
swihbwn dy smyN qoN mMinAw jw skdw hY[ BweI gurdws jI dIAW rcnwvW iesdw mùFlw ilKqI pRmwx hn
Aqy aunHW dIAW vwrW nUM is`K gurbwxI dI kMUjI mMndy hn[ gurU Arjn swihb dy smy soFI mnohrdws
imhrbwn jI dI gurbwxI-tIkw dI prmwrQ pRxwlI ivgsI, ijs dy pRiqinD imhrbwn jI Aqy aunHW dy
spu`qr hir jI Aqy cqrBuj dIAW tIkw ikrqW hn ienHW duhW ny rl ky gurU nwnk dyv jI dI lgpg
qwrn isMG dI Dwrnw hY ik “gurU nwnk dyv Awp AwpxI bwxI dI ivAwiKAw, AwpxI bwxI ivc hI krdy sn[ Awp dy
au`qrwiDkwrI vI AwpxI bwxI ivc Awp vloN bMnyH mu`K isDWqW, ivcwrW Bwv gurmiq dI ivAwiKAw krdy rhy hn” vyKo inrml
sMpRdwie, pMnw 275, gurbwxI ivc hI iesdI ivAwiKAw dI ies Dwrnw ’qy hor Koj krn dI zrUrq hY ikauNik gurbwxI ivc gurmiq
dy isDWqW dw ivgws Aqy ivsQwr qW smJ ivc AwauNdw hY pr kI bwxI ivc hI iesdI ivAwiKAw hY? ieh pRSn hor Koj dI mMg
krdw hY[ iPlhwl ies Kyqr ivc iksy ivdvwn dI gMBIr Koj swhmxy nhIN AweI hY[
2
BweI gurdws (2005) vwrW BweI gurdws, vwr 1 pauVI 38, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, AMimRqsr[
3
auhI, pMnw:41
1
63
swrI bwxI dI tIkw kr id`qI sI[1 inrml sMpRdwie qoN pihlW audwsI swDUAW ny gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dy
kwrj SurU kIqy sn[ ies prMprw ivc swDU AwnMdGn jI ny jpujI, AwrqI, vwr Awsw, isD goSit Aqy
AnMdu bwxIAW dy tIky kIqy sn[2 sIR AwnMdGn jI dy tIky dy pRqIkrm ivc mhW kvI sMqoK isMG ny jpu jI
dw grbgMjnI tIkw iqAwr kIqw sI[ “iesnUM inrmlw sMpRdwie dw moFI tIkw mMinAw jWdw hY”[3 ies
sMpRdwie dy tIkwkwrW ivc pMifq inhwl isMG, pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm, sMq gulwb isMG Awid ivdvwnW
dy nwm pRmu`K qOr ’qy ley jw skdy hn[ gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw leI pRclq swrIAW pRxwlIAW ivcoN
inrmilAW ny v`fI igxqI ivc tIky kIqy hn[ “gurbwxI dy smu`cy tIkw swihq ivc pMjwbI, ihMdI Aqy
sMsikRq ivc kIqy tIikAW ivc sB qoN v`D Xogdwn inrmly ivdvwnW dw AwiKAw jw skdw hY[ aunHW ivcoN
jpujI dy qIh tIky pRXwX Awid ienHW ivdvwnW dy imldy hn”[4
inrml sMpRdwie vloN gurbwxI ivAwiKAw dy Xqn gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN ivc SurU ho gey
sn prMqU ienHW ny ilKqI rUp bwAd ivc DwirAw hY[ inrml sMpRdwie dy hoNd ivc Awaux dy smyN bwry
ivdvwnW dI iek rwie nhIN bx skI hY[ inrml prMprw nwl juVy ivdvwn ieh mMndy hn ik ies
prMprw dw AwrMB gurU nwnk jI qoN ho igAw sI[ ies sMpRdwie dw AwrMB gurU nwnk kwl qoN mMn ky igAwnI
blvMq isMG koTw gurU ilKdy hn ik “siqgurU nwnk dyv jI dw inrml pMQ mnu`Kqw dI kilAwx vwsqy
pMj so vrS qoN Drm pRcwr Aqy pRswr dI syvw krdw Aw irhw hY[5 ipAwrw isMG pdm dI rwie hY ik “jo
pRmwx igAwnI igAwn isMG dI ‘inrml pMQ pRdIpkw’ qoN lY ky hux q`k dy inrmly ilKwrI sIR gurU gRMQ
swihb qy vwrW BweI gurdws Awid ivcoN lY ky inrml sMpRdw leI vrqdy rhy hn, auh n kwl-sMgq hn
qy n hI qrk-sMgq ikauNik inrml ByK ATwrvIN sdI dy AMqm dhwikAW ivc aujwgr hoieAw hY”6
gurbwxI ivc vrqy gey inrml Sbd dy ArQ BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny mYl rihq, SùD vjoN kIqy hn Aqy
iesdI sMgXw pwrbRhm krqwr nwl kIqI hY[7 ies qoN ielwvw BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW ivc Awey inrml
inrml pMQ8 Bwv is`K-pMQ qoN ilAw jWdw hY ijsdw inrml sMpRdwie iek ihsw hY[ “inrmilAW dy gurU
nwnk swihb dy smyN qoN SurU hox vwly ivcwr dI ieiqhwsk puStI nhIN huMdI nw hI sIR gurU gRMQ swihb Aqy
hor mu`Fly sRoqW ivc AwieAw pd ‘inrml sMpRdwie’ dy ivSyS ArQ idMdw hY Aqy nw hI ies ivcwr dI
puStI vwsqy rvwieqW qy Sjry hI shwiek is`D huMdy hn[”9 pRmu`K is`K icMqk Kws krky qwrn isMG10 Aqy
Aqy BweI kwnH isMG nwBw inrml sMpRdwie dw AwrMB gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN qoN mMndy hn[ sIR gurU
goibMd isMG jI ny pMj isMG (rwm isMG, krm isMG, gMfw isMG, vIr isMG, soBw isMG) nUM bRhmcwrI dy Bys
qwrn isMG (1981) “inrml sMpRdwie dI tIkw p`DqI” inrml sMpRdwie, sMpw. pIRqm isMG, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI,
AMimRqsr, pMnw:274
2
auhI, pMnw:274
3
hrimMdr isMG soFI (1984) “gurbwxI dI ihMdI tIkwkwrI”, tIkwkwrI, ieiqhwskwrI, qy p`qrkwrI, qIjI pMjwbI ivkws kwnPrMs,
pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, pMnw:194
4
suirMdr isMG Syrig`l (1985) pMfq qwrw isMG nroqm jIvn qy rcnw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, pMnw:103
5
igAwnI blvMq isMG koTw gurU (2009) inrml pMQ dI gOrv gwQw, sRI mwn 108 mhMq blvMq isMG sYktrI, hirduAwr, pMnw:13
6
ipAwrw isMG pdm (2000) is`K sMpRdwvlI, klgIDr klm PwaUNfySn, pitAwlw, pMny:55-56
7
BweI kwnH isMG nwBw (1999) guruSbd rqnwkr mhwn koS, BwSw ivBwg, pitAwlw,pMnw:712
8
mwirAw iskw jgiq ivic nwnk inrml pMQ clwieAw, vwr 1, pauVI 45
9
rwie jsbIr isMG (1981) “inrml ByK dw AwrMB” inrml sMpRdwie, sMpw. pIRqm isMG, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, AMimRqsr,
pMnw:37
10
qwrn isMG (1997) auhI, pMnw:7
1
64
ivc sMsikRq ividAw pVHn leI kwSI ByijAw sI, aunHW dI ‘inrmly’ sMgXw hoeI, ienHW pMjW dy cwtVy jo
inrml vsqR pihn, SWqic`q rih ky ivdXw Ar nwm dw AiBAws, Aqy Drm pRcwr krdy rhy hn[1 auh
auh sB inrmly s`dy jWdy hn, is`K kOm ivc inrmly swDU ivdAw dy pRymI Aqy ivcwrvwn hn[ inrml
sMpRdwid dy lyKkW ny jo swihq isrjnw kIqI hY jykr aus swihq dy ieiqhws nUM lVIvwr vyiKAw jwvy qW
sMmq 1810 ib.(1763) q`k Aijhw swihq nhIN imldw ijsnUM insicq FMg nwl is`D kIqw jw sky ik
ieh inrml sMpRdwie dy ivdvwnW dw iliKAw hoieAw hY[2 ieiqhwsk Aqy swihqk hvwilAW qoN pqw
c`ldw hY ik inrml sMpRdwie dy hoNd ivc Awaux qoN pihlW gurbwxI dIAW keI ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW3
ivksq ho cu`kIAW sn[
gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc inrml sMprdwie dy ivdvwnW (is`K pMifqW) ny ieiqhwsk
Xogdwn pw ky AwpxI ivl`Kx pCwx kwiem kIqI hY[ ienHW dI ivAwiKAw nUM is`K icMqkW ny gurbwxI dI
suqMqr ivAwiKAw pRxwlI vjoN sivkwr kIqw hY[4 ienHW dI ivcwrDwrw jW ivDI nwl iksy dw m`qByd ho
skdw hY lyikn ieh mMnxw pYNdw hY ik BwrqI Dwrimk AiDAYn prMprw ivc gurU nwnk m`q dw gOrv
sQwpq krnw ienHW dw kMm sI[ aus smyN gurU nUM au~cy irSIAW munIAW smwn Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb nUM pMcm
vyd is`D krnw hI AwKrI pauVI smJI jWdI sI, ieh aus smyN dy pRiqmwn sn[5 inrmly swDUAW dw
mksd ijQy gurU isDWqW dw pRcwr Aqy pswr krnw sI auQy ienHW ny ieh Dwrnw bxweI hoeI sI ik Bwrq
dI Dwrimk prMprw ivc is`KI nUM bxdw sQwn idvwauxw hY[ sMsikRq purwqn BwrqI Drm, Kws krky
bwRhmxW Aqy prohq vrg dI BwSw rhI hY[ purwqn BwrqI prMprw ivc, sMsikRq nUM jwxn smJx vwly nUM
hI Dwrimk ivAkqI mMinAw jWdw sI[ inrmly is`KW ny ies im`Q nUM qoiVAw Aqy ienHW ny nw isrP
sMsikRq BwSw dw igAwn hwsl kIqw blik sMsikRq ivc rcy swihq dw vI AiDAYn krn ivc koeI ksr
bwkI nhIN C`fI[ ieh sMsikRq ivc ikMny inpuMn sn iesdw pqw ienHW vloN rcy swihq qoN sihjy hI l`g
jWdw hY[
inrmly is`KW ny sMsikRq ivc inpuMn ho ky ieh swbq kr id`qw hY ik is`K ivdvwn bRwhmxW
nwloN iksy p`KoN vI G`t nhIN hn[ idlcps q`Q ieh vI hY ik keI inrmly is`KW ny Awpxy nwvW nwl
pMifq lgwieAw hY[ ijvyN pMifq gulwb isMG, pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm Aqy ienHW dy gurBweI pMifq swDU
isMG pitAwly vwly, pMifq dyvw isMG jI dyvpurw, pMifq Awqmw isMG jI Swhpur, pMifq hrdyv isMG jI
irSIkyS, pMifq eISr isMG jI kwSI, pMifq hr isMG jI nroqm, pMifq goibMd isMG jI, pMifq gurid`q
isMG, pMifq Arjn isMG jI munI, pMifq blbIr isMG jI SwsqRI, pMifq hkIkq isMG jI ArivMd pMifq
isAwm isMG qoN ielwvw keIAW ny Awpxy nwvW nwl suAwmI, mhMq Awid Sbd lgwey hn jo rvwieqI Drm
dy sUck hn[6 sMsikRq AiDAYn dw ieh pRBwv inrmilAW dy nwvW q`k hI sImq nhIN sI blik iesdw
Asr ienHW vloN gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw au~qy vI ipAw hY[ keI ivdvwnW ny ieh SMkw auTweI hY ik inrmly
pMifqW ny gurmiq nUM inrw vydWq bxw ky pyS kIqw hY Aqy inrol snwqnI mwp-dMfW dw Awsrw lY ky kyvl
BweI kwnH isMG nwBw (1999) auhI, pMnw:712
suirMdr isMG Syrig`l (1985) auhI, pMnw:3
3
ivsQwr leI qwrn isMG dI pusqk vyKI jw skdI hY[
4
qwrn isMG (1997) auhI[
5
ipAwrw isMG pdm (2000) auhI pMnw:61
6
nwvW bwry ieh jwxkwrI igAwnI blvMq isMG koTw gurU dI pusqk inrml pMQ dI gOrv gwQw ’qy ADwirq hY[ ieh auh SKsIAqW
hn ijnHW ny gurbwxI ivAwiKAw Aqy swihqk Kyqr ivc Xogdwn pwieAw hY[
1
2
65
bOiDk kRIVw idKweI hY[ ieh ieqrwz kuJ h`d q`k TIk ho skdy hn lyikn ieh vI iDAwn ivc r`Kxw
zrUrI hY ik aunHW iks iksm dy vwqwvrn ivc kMm kIqw hY[ aunHW dy Awly-duAwly bwkI swDU smwj iks
rMg ivc ivcr irhw sI Aqy auh hirduAwr, bnwrs jW pRXwg bYT ky BwrqI prMprw qoN ikMnw ku AiBj
rih skdy sn[1 inrmly ivdvwnW vloN gurbwxI dy kIqy tIikAW ’qy srsrI nzr mwrI jwvy qW ienHW ’qy
sMsikRqk inhcyvwd (determinism) Aqy iesdI ivcwrDwrw dw pRBwv sihjy hI vyiKAw jw skdw hY[
inrmly ivdvwnW ny gurbwxI dy tIikAW ivc SbdW nUM Anyk ArQW ivc vriqAw hY[ is`K Drm
dy mUl icMnH < nUM ienHW ny purwqn prMprw ivc pyS kIqw hY[ sMsikRq BwSw dy igAwn muqwbk iesdy
pd-Cyd krky Anyk ArQ k`Fy gey hn[ ienHW tIikAW ’qy sMsikRq swihq dIAW ivDIAW nUM AwDwr
bxwieAw igAw hY[ sMsikRq dw igAwn gurbwxI nUM smJx leI zrUrI hY pRMqU ieh vI iDAwn r`Kx dI
zrUrq hY ik gurmiq dy isDwqW Aqy Sbd gurU swihbwn dI ivl`Kx tkswl dI aupj hn[ inrml
sMpRdwie dI gurbwxI tIkwkwrI nUM shI sMdrB ivc smJx leI is`K pCwx bwry spSt hox dI loV hY[
ies sMbMD ivc ieh svwl gMBIr ivcwr dI mMg krdw hY ik kI is`K Drm pRwcIn Bwrq dI prMprw dw
hI ivsQwr hY jW iesdI koeI ivl`Kx pCwx hY ? is`KI dI ivl`Kx pCwx qoN A`j Swied hI koeI ivdvwn
munkr hovy ikauNik dunIAw p`Dr ’qy hux v`KrI pCwx nUM mwnqw iml rhI hY[ inrmly ivdvwnW ny jdoN
gurbwxI tIkwkwrI dy kwrj AwrMBy sn aus smyN is`K Drm dI ivl`Kx pCwx dw mslw A`j dI qrHW
spSt rUp ivc is`K ivdvwnW dy swhmxy nhIN sI BwvyN ik gurU swihbwn ny mu`F ivc hI is`KI dI
ivl`Kxqw dy nkS auBwr id`qy sn Aqy mjbUq rUhwnI AwDwr ’qy is`K Drm dI buinAwd r`KI sI[
is`K Drm dy mUl icMnH < nUM gurU nwnk swihb dI is`K BweIcwry leI ivSyS ByNt mMnxw
cwhIdw hY[ ieh Em qoN ivl`Kx Aqy nvW hY Aqy ies icMnH dI ivAwiKAw gurmiq dI ivcwrDwrw muqwibk
hoxI cwhIdI hY[ gurU nwnk swihb ny E dy nwl 1 hI nhIN lgwieAw hY blik < Awpxy Awp ivc
mukMml2 hY ieQy 1 dw E nwl sMbMD Atu`t Aqy ivl`Kx hY ikauNik < iek hY jo s`c hY ies qoN svwey
hor koeI nhIN hY ikauNik sB iesdw hI pswrw hY[ is`K pCwx dy nzrIey qoN vyiKAw jwvy qW gurbwxI dy
sMklpW Aqy isDWqW dI iksy ivSyS Drm ivc pRcilq rhI ivcwrDwrw nwl kIqI ivAwiKAw iesdy s`c
qk nhIN jw skdI Aqy nw hI ies leI ieko BwSweI idRStIkox lwgU kIqw jwxw cwhIdw hY ikauNik
gurbwxI dw Awpxw ivl`Kx sMswr hY[ gurbwxI dy sMdyS nUM ivhwr ivc lwgU krn leI nvyN smwj dI loV
ivcoN is`K BweIcwrw hoNd ivc AwieAw hY Aqy iesnUM qwzgI bKSx leI iesdIAW sMsQwvW dI sQwpnw
hoeI hY ijnHW ny is`K siBAwcwr dI isrjnw kIqI hY[ is`KI dI inAwrI hoNd dw AwDwr iesdI ivcwrDwrw
hY[ ivcwDwrk p`K qoN vyiKAw jwvy qW inrml sMpRdwie dy ivdvwnW vloN kIqI gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw ivc
is`K pCwx (identity) dy msly ’qy ivcwrDwrk spStqw dI Gwt nzr Aw rhI hY[ iesdy bwvjUd vI
inrml sMpRdwie vloN gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc ieiqhwsk Xogdwn pwieAw igAw hY[
is`K pCwx bwry ijMnI iSd`q Aqy isDWqk spStqw nwl Ajoky smyN ivc crcw ho rhI hY
inrml sMpRdwie dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw ivc ieh mslw G`t auBr ky swhmxy AwieAw hY[ iesdy bwvjUd
vI ienHW dy kwrj gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI leI lwhybMd swbq hoey hn Aqy Biv`K ivc vI ienHW dw mh`qv
bixAw rihxw hY[ iesdw pihlw kwrx ieh ik ienHW ny tIky dI prMprw nUM ivkisq kIqw hY[ dUsrw ienHW
ny gurbwxI dI BwrqI Kws krky sMsikRq dI prMprw nwl qulnw kIqI hY jo igAwn dI purwqn prMprw nMU
smJx leI shweI ho skdI hY[ qIsrw ieh ik inrmilAW dI tIkwkwrI ivc gurbwxI dy isDWqW nUM
1
2
auhI, pMnw: 62
iek min eyku iDAweIAY, ……., jy ieku hoie q augvy (sIR gurU gRMQ swihb: 47…468)
66
ivdWq dI ksv`tI ’qy prKx dw Xqn kIqw igAw hY ijs krky ienHW dI ivAwiKAw ieh pRBwv idMdI hY
ik ijvyN ieh vydWq nwl myl KWdI hovy prMqU iesnUM pUrI qrWH vydWqk vI nhIN ikhw jw skdw ikauNik
inrmly ivdvwnW ny is`K Drm dI au`cqw nUM svIkwr kIqw hY[ cOQw ieh ik inrmly ivdvwnW dI tIkwkwrI
ivc BwvyN sMsikRq pRqI aulwr pRivRqI vyKx nUM imldI hY pRMqU ieh gurbwxI ivc vrqI geI sMsikRq dI
SbdwvlI Aqy iesdy ipCokV ivcoN Awey sbdW dIAW pYVW n`px leI KojIAW dI mdd kr skdI hY[
gurbwxI ivc vrqIAW geIAW bhuqIAW BwSwvW dw sMbMD BwrqI-XUrpI pirvwr nwl hY ijnHW nUM smJx
leI sMsikRq dw igAwn hoxw zrUrI hY[ inrml sMpRdwie ny sMsikRq dy igAwn nwl gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI
nUM BrpUr kIqw hY[
AKIr ivc AsIN ieh kih skdy hW ik inrml sMpRdwie ny is`K isDWqW nUM BwrqI Dwrimk
prMprw dI lgwqwrqw ivc smJx Aqy pRcwrn ivc jo Gwlxw GwlI hY, ausdw mulWkx Aqy ivSlySx
krnw gurbwxI dI ivAwiKkwrI nUM smJx leI zrUrI hY[ ienHW dw Xogdwn ies Kyqr ivc hox vwly kwrjW
leI shweI ho skdw hY[
67
inrml sMpRdwie dI gurbwxI tIkwkrI : ivl`Kxqw Aqy ivSySqw
fw. prmvIr isMG*
gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI bwxI dw sMdyS sUrj vWg hY jo smu`cI mnu`Kqw nMU bZYr iksy BydBwv qoN
iek smwn rOSnI pRdwn krdw hY[ ies Drm gRMQ dI isrjnw ivc lgpg FweI sdIAW dw smW lìgAw
Aqy ies ivcoN lgpg pMj sdIAW dw Drm sMdyS pRgt huMdw hY[ gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw sMdyS smu`cI
mwnvqw nMU Awpxy Gyry ivc lYNdw hY[ gurU swihbwn ny mwnvqw nMU sWJw sMdyS pRdwn krn leI nw kyvl
Awp bwxI dI rcnw kIqI blik srb sWJy isDWqW nMU pRgt krdI v`K-v`K BgqW Aqy B`tW dI bwxI nMU vI
ies gRMQ ivc Swml kIqw[ gurU Arjn dyv jI ny ies gRMQ dI sMpwdnw dw kwrj kIqw[ ies Drm gRMQ dI
sMpwdnw dy audyS ’qy it`pxI krdy hoey igAwnI igAwn isMG kihMdy hn ik “gurU Arjn swihb jI ny
ivcwr kIqw ik idRVH jVH pyf dy Awsry ibRC dy AiDk PYlx vW|, mzhb, kOm, Drm pusqk dy Awsry
PYldw hY qW hI pRqyk mzhb dy AwcwrX ny iek iek Drm pusqk pRmySr vloN Qwp ky, pRgt kr, AwpxI
sMpRdwX nMU Esy dy hukm Anuswr pRivrq kIqw hY Aqy log BI ausnMU eISvr dw hukm smJky pUjdy hn,
kXoNik eISvr dw hukm sB nMU jrUr mMnxw pYNdw hY[ dyKo bRhmw ny ihMdUAW leI vyd, mUsw ny qOryq, eIsw ny
AMzIl, dwaUd ny zMbUr, muhMmd ny kurwn pRgt kirAw hY[ Esy qrHW is`K kOm dI sdw iesiQqI vwsqy jo
gurU swihbW nMU eISvr vloN hukm Awey hoey hn Eh eISvrI bwxI sMgRh krky iek Drm pusqk gRMQ
swihb nwm krIey[ eyh vIcwr ik gurU swihb ny sB dys dySWqRW dy is`KW nMU hukmnwmy ilKy ik ijs iksy
pws koeI gurU kw Sbd hY so sB lY Awvy[”1 gurU goibMd isMG jI ny dmdmw swihb, qlvMfI swbo, ivKy ies
dI sMpUrnqw krky nWdyV dy sQwn ’qy ies nMU gurg`dI b^S id`qI[
gurU swihbwn duAwrw pRdwn kIqI gurbwxI is`K dI jIvnjwc dw kyNdr-ibMdU hY[ ies ivc
drswey isDWqW Anuswr hI is`K ny Awpxw jIvn audyS inrDwirq Aqy hwsl krnw hY[ ies krky
gurbwxI dI soJI is`K dy jIvn dw pRmuK pihlU hY[ gurbwxI nMU AiDAwqimkqw dw gRMQ mMndy hoey iesnMU
‘ieh bwxI mhw purK kI’ ikhw igAw hY, ijsdI ivcwr auhI kr skdw hY ‘jy ko gurmuiK hoie’[ gurbwxI
nMU ‘Ksm kI bwxI’, ‘Dur kI bwxI’, Awid vI ikhw igAw hY[ ies dI soJI buDI nwl sMBv nhIN, AwqmAnuBv rwhIN prmsiq q`k phuMicAw jw skdw hY[ Awqm-AnuBv dI aucqm AvsQw ‘khu kbIr gUMgY guVu
KwieAw pUCy qy ikAw khIAY’ vwlI ho jWdI hY, ijs ivc AnuBv AvsQw nMU ibAwn nhIN kIqw jw skdw[
ies dw Bwv ieh nhIN lYxw cwhIdw ik gurbwxI mnu`KI smJ qoN pry dI g`l hY[ nvIN pIVHI hr iek g`l nMU
qrk dy AwDwr ’qy smJ ky Apnwauxw cwhuMdI hY[ ies krky jdoN qrk-Bwvnw smwj ’qy BwrU ho geI qW
gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw AwrMB hoeI[ kuJ ku ivAwiKAw qW gurU swihb ny gurbwxI ivc hI kr id`qI sI,
ijs nMU ‘shj pRxwlI’ dw nwm id`qw igAw hY[ shj pRxwlI ivc do qrHW dI ivAwiKAw vyKx nMU imldI hY,
iek auh ivAwiKAw ijhVI iek gurU swihb dI bwxI dI dUjy gurU swihb dI bwxI nwl Aqy BgqW dI bwxI
dI gurU swihbwn dI bwxI duAwrw kIqI vyKx nMU imldI hY ijvyN gurU nwnk dyv jI kihMdy hn:
bilhwrI gur Awpxy idauhwVI sd vwr]
* is`K ivSvkoS ivBwg, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw[
1
igAwnI igAwn isMG, qvwrI^ gurU ^wlsw, pMnw 417.
68
ijin mwxs qy dyvqy kIey krq n lwgI vwr]1
ies slok ivc drswey gurU dy mh`qv nMU hor vDyry aujwgr Aqy idRVH krwaux leI gurU AMgd
dyv jI dw slok nwl id`qw igAw hY:
jy sau cMdw augvih sUrj cVih hjwr]
eyqy cwnx hoidAW gur ibnu Gor AMDwr]2
dUjI auh ivAwiKAw ijhVI iek gurU swihb jW Bgq dI AwpxI bwxI ivcoN imldI hY, ijvyN
Bgq kbIr jI rwgu soriT ivc kihMdy hn:
BUKy Bgiq n kIjY] Xh mwlw ApnI lIjY]3
ies pMkqI qoN koeI vI ieh tplw Kw skdw hY ik Bgq jI mwlw Pyrdy hoxgy[ Bgq kbIr jI dy
jIvn ivc mwlw dw Asl srUp kI sI ieh slokW dy rUp ivc id`qI aunHW dI bwxI qoN spSt huMdw hY:
kbIr myrI ismrnI rsnw aUpir rwmu]4
bwxI dI bwxI nwl kIqI ivAwiKAw vI kuJ jn-swDwrn buDI vwly lokW dI bOiDkqw qoN pry dI
g`l sI Aqy ieh smìsAw gurU swihbwn dy smyN hI mihsUs hox l`g peI sI[ gurU swihbwn Aqy BgqW ny
dlIl BrpUr XqnW sdkw hI lokW nMU vihmW BrmW ivcoN bwhr kìFAw sI[ gurU Gr Awaux vwlI jnswDwrn sMgq vI bwxI nwl juV rhI sI Aqy aunHW dI ieCw sI ik ies nMU hor vDyry Kol ky smiJAw jwvy
Aqy aunHW ieh ieCw gurU jI A`gy vI pRgt kr id`qI:
iek idn is`Kn iehu ibnqI QI gurU Arjn iFg kInI[
gurU gRMQ kI bwnI kyrw pwT jbY hm krhYN[
mn pRsMnX hoq nih qih jih ArQ smJ nw prhY[
qWqy Awp dIjIey kr Ab gurU bwnI pr tIkw[
jwqY ArQ smJ kY isK sb suK hmyS lih nIkw[
sun guru khXo eyhu guru nwnk pwr bRhm kI bwnI[
hm ies pr kr skYN n tIkw AnBv rUp mhWnI[
guru muK is`Kn kI rcnw pr tIkw ies kw rYhY[
bWiCq ArQ imlYgo sb ko klm hyT nw AYhY[5
pMfq nrYx isMG jI dsdy hn ik is`KW duAwrw vwr-vwr kIqI bynqI nMU gurU jI ny pRvwn kIqw
Aqy nwl hI BweI gurdws jI nMU hukm id`qw, “BweI jI qusIN roj mhwrwj jI dI kQw krky suxwXw kro[
siqgurU jI dI AwigAw qy QwpI lY ky BweI gurdws jI ny sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI kQw AwrMBI[”6 gurU
gRMQ swihb dw pwT is`KW ivc hmySW iksy nw iksy rUp ivc cldw rihMdw hY[ pwT krdy smyN gurbwxI dy
SbdW dy ArQ keI vwr qW bhuq AwswnI nwl smJ Aw jWdy hn pr keI vwr ienHW nMU smJx ivc
muSkl jwpdI hY[ ies dw iek kwrn ieh lgdw hY ik ijhVy Sbd rozwnw jIvnjwc dw ih`sw hn, aunHW
nMU smJx ivc koeI kiTnweI nhIN huMdI pr ijhVy Sbd swfy jIvn ivcoN ivsr cu`ky hn aunHW dy ArQ
1
gurU gRMQ swihb, pMnw 463.
2
-auhI-[
3
-auhI-, pMnw 656.
-auhI-, pMnw 1364.
4
5
6
igAwnI igAwn isMG, pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 687.
pMfq nrYx isMG igAwnI, BUimkw, sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI stIk, pMnw J-\.
69
krny AOKy ho jWdy hn[ AMgryzW dy Bwrq ’qy kwbz hox qoN pihlW ieQy muZl hkUmq kwiem sI, aunHW dI
rwjsI BwSw &wrsI sI Aqy ieh BwSw skUlW ivc Awm pVHweI jWdI sI[ AMgryzW ny AMgryzI nMU rwj BwSw
bxwieAw qW ilKqW ivc AMgryzI SbdW dI Brmwr ho geI[ AMgryzW dy smyN skUlW ivc BwvyN aurdU,
&wrsI Aqy sMsikRq BwSw pVHweI qW jWdI rhI pr Awm lokW dy mnW au~qy AMgryzI hI v`sx l`gI[ smyN dy
nwl Bwrq-pwik vMf smyN aurdU jW &wrsI BwSw dw islybs hOlI-hOlI Gtx l`gw Aqy ienHW BwSwvW nMU
pVHn vwlI pIVHI hOlI-hOlI ^qm hox l`gI[ Ajoky smyN ivc AMgryzI ivdySI BwSw nw ho ky smu`cy sMswr dI
BwSw bx geI hY, AMqr-rwStrI p`Dr ’qy koeI vI kMm ies BwSw qoN bZYr sMBv nhIN jwpdw[ ijQy-ijQy
AmrIkw jW ieMglYNf ijhy SkqISwlI dySW dw rwj irhw hY auQy rwj dy pRBwv ADIn aunHW duAwrw bolI jWdI
AMgryzI BwSw ny hI lokW nMU Awpxy v`l iKicAw hY[ pMjwb ’qy AMgryzW dw kbzw ho jwx qoN bwAd ieQy vI
AMgryzI dw bolbwlw hox lìgAw Aqy ies BwSw v`l vDyry ruJwn hox krky gurmuKI is`KW dy mnW qoN dUr
hox l`gI[ ies dy is`ty vjoN is`KW dI gurU gRMQ swihb qoN dUrI v`Dx l`gI[ smwj ivc rihMdy hoey jo sMskwr
krny pYNdy hn, gurU gRMQ swihb aunHW dw mu`K Durw huMdw hY[ aus smyN gRMQI isMG jo pwT krdw sI auh jnswDwrn dI smJ nhIN sI pYNdw, lok vihmW-BrmW Aqy mhMqW dy c`kr ivc Psy hoey sn[ isMG sBw lihr
ny is`KW nMU gurU gRMQ swihb Aqy is`K prMprwvW nwl joVn dw BrpUr Xqn kIqw sI qW ik is`K Awpxy
ivrsy Aqy Dury nwl juV ky suc`jI jIvn-jwc Dwrn kr skx[
gurU gRMQ swihb rwhIN gurU swihbwn ny ijQy smwj dy smUh lokW nMU srb-sWJw aupdyS id`qw hY
auQy iksy ivSyS BwSw dw glbw vI ies gRMQ ’qy nhIN pYx id`qw[ aunHW ny Akwl purK dI ausqiq leI
ijhVy Sbd ijs BwSw ivcoN imly, KulHidlI nwl aunHW nMU gRihx kIqw[ guru gRMQ swihb ivc iviBMn BwSwvW
dy Sbd imldy hn ijnHW dy shI ArQ aunHW BwSwvW nMU jwxn vwlw hI kr skdw hY[ zrUrI nhIN ik
gurbwxI pVHn Aqy smJx vwly nMU aunHW sB A`KrW dw igAwn hovy[ jdoN A`KrW dy ArQ gu`Jy hox qW aunHW
dI soJI hor vDyry AOKI ho jWdI hY[ gurbwxI dI soJI r`Kx vwly ivdvwnW ny gurbwxI ArQW nMU ivsqwr dyx
dw kwrj kIqw ijs dy is`ty vjoN pRXwX, koS, inrukq, BwS, tIky Awid swhmxy Awey[ keI vwr gurbwxI
ivAwiKAw leI ienHW v`K-v`K p`DqIAW dI loV pYNdI hY, ies krky ienHW sB dw drSn keI vwr ieko
rcnw ivc vI ho jWdw hY[ ivAwiKAwkwr dw audyS gurbwxI dy Sbd nMU sOKy qrIky nwl lokW q`k iljwxw
huMdw hY[ pr ieQy ieh g`l vDyry mh`qvpUrn huMdI hY ik ikhVw tIkwkwr gurbwxI dy ArQW nMU lokW q`k lY
ky vI jwvy ’qy pwTk nMU gurbwxI dI Bwvnw ivc ilpq vI kr dyvy[ ies sMdrB ivc ieh ikhw jw skdw
hY ik auhI ivAwiKAw au~qm hY ijhVI kyvl Sbd dy Bwv nMU KolH ky smJwaux dw kwrj hI nw kry blik
bwxI dy AMimRq rUpI sMdyS nMU is`K dy mn q`k lY ky jwvy, qW hI jIvn bdl skdw hY[ ijhVI ivAwiKAw
mn ivc Brm pYdw kry, gurbwxI dI Bwvnw nMU is`K dy ihrdy q`k iljwx dI bjwey qrk-ivqrk pYdw
krn ’qy zor dyvy, auh shI nhIN mMnI jw skdI[ ivAwiKAw dw Bwv qW kyvl ieMnw hY ik pRBU-pRIq pYdw
krn vwly Sbd dI gMF nMU KolH ky ihrdy nMU SWq kry, ic`q-ibrqIAW nMU pRBU-muKI bxwaux dw kwrj kry
Aqy mn nMU krqwr nwl joVn dw vsIlw bxy[
gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy SbdW nMU KolH ky lokW q`k iljwx dw kwrj v`K-v`K smyN huMdw irhw hY[
pihlW pihl ieh kwrj v`K-v`K sMsQwvW vloN kIqw jWdw irhw hY[ BweI, audwsI, inrmlw Aqy isMG
sBweI pRxwlIAW ny ies kwrj ivc mh`qvpUrn Xogdwn pwieAw hY[ ieQy inrmlw pRxwlI duAwrw gurU gRMQ
swihb jI dI kIqI ivAwiKAw bwry jwxn dw Xqn kIqw jw irhw hY[
audwsIAW vWg inrmlw pRxwlI AwrMB ivc gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy mOiKk pRcwr v`l kyNdirq sI,
ienHW duAwrw gurbwxI dI ilKq ivAwiKAw BweI sMqoK isMG dy smyN qoN swhmxy AweI hY[ BweI sMqoK isMG
70
ny ‘jpu’ bwxI dw tIkw kIqw sI, audwsI sMprdw dy suAwmI AnMdGx dy ‘jpu’ bwxI dy tIky ivc kuJ
KwmIAW nMU mihsUs krdy hoey aunHW ny ieh tIkw kYQl dy rwjy audX isMG dy kihx ’qy kIqw sI[ BweI sMqoK
isMG qoN bwAd bhuq swry inrmly ivdvwnW ny gurU gRMQ swihb jI dIAW v`K-v`K bwxIAW dy tIky kIqy sn[
sMsikRq, ihMdI Aqy pMjwbI ivc aunHW duAwrw kIqy tIky swhmxy Awey hn[ sMsikRq Aqy ihMdI qoN ielwvw
pMjwbI ivc inrmilAW duAwrw gurbwxI dy kIqy ijhVy tIky swhmxy Awey hn aunHW ivc pMifq qwrw isMG
nroqm dw Bgq bwxI Aqy isrI rwg dw tIkw, sMq sUrj isMG dw jpujI stIk, sMq dl isMG dw gauVI
rwg, hjwry dy SbdW, suKmnI swihb Aqy bwvn AKrI dw tIkw Awid Swml hn[
BweI sMqoK isMG qoN bwAd pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm dy smyN gurbwxI Aqy gur-ieiqhws dI sMBwl
dw bhuq swrw kwrj swhmxy AwieAw hY[ pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm ny pitAwlw dy mhwrwjw mihMdr isMG
dy kihx ’qy gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw tIkw AwrMB kIqw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik “iek idn mhwrwjw mihMdr
isMG gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw pwT sux rhy sn qW aunHW ny gRMQI qoN iek quk dy ArQ pu`Cy[ aus dy nw d`s
skx qoN mhwrwjw ny pMfq inroqm isMG nMU gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw krn leI ikhw[ inroqm isMG ny
igAwn isMG jI nMU AMimRqsr ByijAw qW jo auQoN dI igAwnI sMpRdw qoN vI ArQ sux ky ilK Byjx[
AMimRqsr ivc igAwnI jI nMU 25 rupey mhInw Krc Byjdy rhy qy auh auQoN roz ArQ sux ky ilK lYNdy qy
iek swl ivc tIky dy 27 dsqy kwgz ilK ky pMfq jI pws Byjy[”1 ieh tIkw ikQy q`k phuMicAw ies dw
vrnn krdy hoey munI Arjn isMG d`sdy hn, “sRI mwn pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm bsMq rwg qk
ivsqwr pUrbk tIkw iqAwr kr cu`ky sn, pUrw krx dw audm kr hI rhy sn ik Awp dw srIr SWq ho
igAw[ auqRwiDkwrI dI AxgihlI nwl Awp dy ilKy hoey KrVy dyKn dy bhwny kuJ sjn lY gey jo durBwg
nwl hux q`k pRwpq nhIN ho sky, Awp dy ilKy hoey KrVy ivcoN kyvl isrI rwg dw hI tIkw pRkwiSq
hoieAw hY jo A`j kl iksI-iksI ivdvwn KojI pwsoN imldw hY[”2 BwvyN ik pMifq jI gurU gRMQ swihb jI
dw sMpUrn tIkw nhIN kr sky pr gurbwxI ArQW nMU pRgt krdw aunHW dw ‘sRI guru Bwv dIipkw tIkw’
sMpUrn kIqw imldw hY ijhVw ik sMn 1879 ivc sMpUrn hoieAw sI[3
inrmly ivdvwnW ny sMsikRq gRMQW dI ividAw bnwrs qoN hwsl kIqI sI ies krky ienHW dI aus
ielwky nwl kuJ vDyry rucI vyKx nMU imldI hY[ dUjw pMjwb hmlwvrW dw lWGw hox krky ieQy hmySW
gVbV vwlw mwhOl irhw hY[ pVHn ilKx dI rucI ies qrHW dy mwhOl dy AnukUl nhIN huMdI[ gurU qyZ
bhwdr jI qoN bwAd gurU goibMd isMG jI ny vI kuJ smW ivvwdW qoN dUr rih ky pwauNtw swihb jwx dw
PYslw ilAw sI[ pMjwb qoN bwhr auh ielwkw inrmly ivdvwnW dw kwrj-Kyqr sI ijQy sMsikRq Aqy bRj
BwSw dw vDyry pRBwv sI[ BweI gurdws jI ny vI jdoN bnwrs dy ielwky ivc is`KI pRcwr kIqw sI qW auQy
dI pRmuK bolI nMU Awpxy pRcwr dw AMg bxwieAw sI[ aunHW duAwrw rcy kib`q ies g`l dI gvwhI idMdy hn[
inrmly ivdvwnW dy pRcwr Kyqr ivc bRwhmx ivdvwn sMsikRq BwSw rwhIN ivdvqw dw pRgtwvw kr rhy
sn Aqy Awm lok ikRSn lIlHw rwhIN mn pRcwvw krn ivc ru`Jy hoey sn[ inrmilAW ny dovW qrHW dy lokW
qk is`KI sMdyS phuMcwaux dw kwrj kIqw[ aunHW ny mOiKkqw dy nwl-nwl jdoN ilKq swDnW rwhIN is`KI
pRcwr kIqw qW aunHW dy pRcwr ivc auQoN dI sQwnk prMprw Aqy ivdvqw nwl juV geI[ gurbwxI dw sMdyS
lokW q`k phuMcwaux leI aunHW Sbd dI ivAwiKAw dw kwrj AwrMiBAw[ inrmly sMqW ny nvyN qrIky nwl
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw kIqI ijs ivc ihMdU Drm gRMQW dy ivsiqRq hvwly vyKx nMU imldy hn[ smyN dy pRBwv
fw. Bgq isMG, igAwnI igAwn isMG, pMnw 10.
munI Arjn isMG knKl, Awid gRMQ dy tIky, gurmq swihq, sMpwdk nhIN, pMnw 193.
3
blbIr isMG, BUimkw, inrukq sRI gurU gRMQ swihb, pMnw 4.
1
2
71
ADIn gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw kIqy jwx dw kwrn d`sdy hoey tIkwkwr d`sdy hn ik, “jo snwqn sMpRdwX
ArQW dI sIny b sIny clI AwauNdI sI, Eh klmbMd n hoxy krky is`KW dy rwj vyly rOly gOly ivc pY
geI[”1 inrmly sMqW ’qy gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw krn smyN ikhVIAW ibrqIAW BwrU sn, ijhVIAW aunHW dI
ivAwiKAw nMU dUijAW qoN v`K krdIAW hn, ies pRkwr vyKIAW jw skdIAW hn :
1. Swbidk ArQ ivAwiKAw nMu sIimq krdy hn Aqy BwvwrQk ArQ ivAwiKAw nMU smyN dw hwxI bxwaux
ivc shwieqw krdy hn[ gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw krn smyN Sbd dy ArQ nMU Sbd dI Bwvnw dy AnukUl
bxwaux Aqy Sbd dy Swbidk ArQ krn dI bjwey BwvwrQk ArQ krn ’qy zor idMdy hoey pMifq qwrw
isMG nroqm kihMdy hn, “bwxI kw sIDw ArQ krnw hI swr hY] jo sbd kI skqI sy pRqIq hovy hY] jo
AOr ibRqIXoN sy pRqIq hovy so swr nhIN] iesI lIXy bhuq lok qrjmh v tIkw vYsI krqy hYN ijn myN kyvl
mUl ky pwToN ky dUsry nwm hI AwvyN] mUl kw Bwv nws hI hovy] prMqU Xh rIqI BlI nhIN] kwhy qy jykr
sIDw ArQ krnw hI swr hovy qb jo log sMsikRq myN BwvwrQ khqy hYN Ar pwrsI my murwdI mwXny krqy
hYN so nw krny hoNgy AO kry hYN] Xwqy jhW sIDw sMBvy sIDw kro jhW sIDy sy vkqw kw bWiCq ArQ nw
inksy qhW BwvwrQ kro] koeI lok kyvl BwvwrQ hI ilKqy hYN] jYsy guru bwxI kI prmwrQ tIkw hY]
sXwxy purKoN ko pdoN ky ArQoN kw lwB aunsy BI nhIN hovy] kwhy qy prmwrQ BwvwrQ kw nwm hY] BwvwrQ
mYN AKrwrQ hovy nhIN]”2
2. inrmly ivdvwnW dw vDyry sMbMD bnwrs, hirduAwr, irSIkyS Awid KyqrW nwl irhw hY[ ieh ihMdU
ivdvqw dy mMny-pRmMny Kyqr sn Aqy ieQoN dy ivdvwnW dI BwSw pRmuK qOr ’qy sMsikRq sI, ijs nMU dyv BwSw
vI mMinAw jWdw sI[ gurbwxI dI Bwvnw nMU aus smyN dI sRySt mMnI jWdI Dwrimk Aqy ividAq SRyxI q`k
phuMcwaux leI inrmly ivdvwnW ny sMsikRq BwSw dI vrqoN kIqI[ “inrmly sMq ihMdU Drm gRMQW qoN jwxU
sn ies krky aunHW dI ivAwiKAw auqy vydW SwsqRW dw pRBwv sI[ aunHW ny jo kwrj kIqw auh iesy pRBwv
ADIn kIqw[ auh ivAwiKAw smyN vydW ivcoN pRmwx idAw krdy sn[ auh vwihgurU dy inrgux srUp dw
pRcwr krdy sn[ auh vydW dy igAwqw hox krky gurbwxI ivAwiKAw smyN vydWqI SbdwvlI dw pRXog krdy
sn[ bRhm, mwieAw, igAwn qy sohMu Awid Sbd aunHW dy mUMh ’qy Awm cVHy hoey sn[”3 inrmly tIkwkwrW ny
gurbwxI nMU smJwaux leI ihMdU gRMQW dw shwrw ilAw[ ieh aunHW dw iek vwDU gux mMinAw jw skdw hY
ikauNik aunHW ny ijhVy lokW nMU gurbwxI dw Bwv smJwauxw sI aunHW nMU aunHW dy Dwrimk muhwvry ivc
gurbwxI dw sMdyS phuMcwieAw[ ieh iblkul ausy qrHW hY ijvyN AMgryzI dy jwxkwrW nMU smJwaux leI auhI
muhwvrw vDyry Xog is`D huMdw hY ijhVw aunHW dI AwpxI bolI ivc ricAw hovy[ A^bwrW Aqy tYlIivzn dy
bhuq swry ieSiqhwr dUjIAW BwSwvW ivc bxdy hn pr jdoN auh pMjwbI dy iksy cYnl ’qy idKweIAW
jWdIAW hn qW aunHW dw muhwvrw pMjwbI vwlw pyS kIqw jWdw hY qW jo ieQy dy lokW nMU aunHW dI g`l CyqI
smJ Aw sky[ inrmly tIkwkwr gurbwxI ivAwiKAw leI pMjwbI dy nwl SwsqrI bolI dy imSrx hox dw
kwrn d`sdy hoey spSt krdy hn ik “mUl pd kI tIkw bhuDw pMjwb dys kI bolI my krnI hogI] mUl pd
cwhy iksy dys kI BwKw my hovy] ies bwq my Xh hyqu hY bwnI bhuDw pMjwbI my hY] Xwqy ArQ BI ausI my
hoNgy] prMqu bhuq kr SwsqRI bolI sy imisRq hoNgy] ikauNik vhu gurmuKI kI mUl ividAw hY]”4
bdn isMG gXwnI Aqy lDw isMG hjUrI rwgI, BUimkw, Awid sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI stIk (PrIdkot vwlw tIkw), pMnw a.
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm, tIkw isrI rwg, pMnw 7.
3
kuldIp isMG haurw, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pMjwbI dunIAw, AkqUbr-dsMbr 1984, pMnw 105.
4
1
2
72
3. inrmly gurbwxI Aqy sMsikRq dy au~Gy ivdvwn sn[ jdoN ienHW dw vwh aus smyN dI ivdvwn mMnI jWdI
SRyxI nwl ipAw qW ienHW ny gurU swihbwn dI ausqiq Aqy gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw krky aunHW dI sMquStI
krweI sI[ Awpxy smyN dy ivdvwn kvIAW nwl BweI sMqoK isMG dw vwh pihlI vwr pitAwly dy rwj
drbwr ivc ipAw sI jdoN iek sBw ivc aunHW dw swhmxw Aijhy kvIAW nwl hoieAw jo ik ikRSn lIlHw
’qy AwpxI ividAw dw pRgtwvw kr rhy sn[ jdoN BweI swihb nMU Awpxy ivcwr pyS krn leI ikhw qW
aunHW ny kwiv rwhIN dsmyS ipqw dw js-gwien krky sB nMU hYrwn kr id`qw Aqy pitAwlw pqI qoN ienwm
hwsl kIqw[ dUjI vwr aunHW dw vwh v`fy-v`fy sMsikRq dy pMifqW nwl aus smyN ipAw jdoN auh kYQl dy rwjy
kol syvw inBw rhy sn[ sMsikRq Aqy bRj BwSw dy ieh ivdvwn pMifq drbwr ivc AOKI qoN AOKI kwiv-BwSw
dI vrqoN krky AwpxI ivdvqw dw pRgtwvw krdy sn[ jdoN aunHW dy mukwbly BweI swihb ny kwiv ivc AwpxI
g`l r`KxI SurU kIqI qW auh dMg rih gey sn[ v`fy v`fy pMifqW nMU aunHW dI ivdvqw dw lohw mMnx nMU mjbUr
hoxw ipAw sI Aqy bhuq swry aunHW nwl eIrKw vI krn l`gy ijs dw vrxn krdy hoey BweI vIr isMG jI
d`sdy hn ik “gu: pR: sUrj dy idnW ivc kvI jI nMU kYQl dI Awm bRwhmxI jnqw kuC ausy nzr nwl dyKdI
sI, ijs nwl isMG sBw dy syvkW nMU suDwr AwrMB krn vyly pMjwb dI snwqnI jnqw dyKdI huMdI sI[”1 ivroD
dy bwvjUd vI BweI swihb ny hONslw nhIN sI CìfAw Aqy inrMqr Awpxy kwrj ivc ruicq rhy[ aunHW dI
ivdvqw nMu mùK r`K ky hI kYQlpqI rwjw audX isMG ny aunHW nMu jpu bwxI dw tIkw krn leI ikhw sI[ ilKq
rUp ivc ieh tIkw inrmly ivdvwnW dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw dw mùFlw rUp ikhw jw skdw hY[
4. DrmW dw AiDAYn iqMn pVwvW ivcoN lMiGAw hY[ pihly pVwA ivc dUjy DrmW dy Drm gRMQW dw Anuvwd
mMinAw igAw hY[ dUjy pVwA ivc dUjy DrmW dy Drm-gRMQW dy ieiqhws Aqy drSn bwry jwxkwrI hwsl
krn leI rucI pYdw hoeI[ qIjy pVwA ivc dUjy DrmW nwl qulnwqmk AiDAYn dI prMprw mYks mUlr ny
AwrMB kIqI[ ausny dUjy DrmW dy AiDAYn pRqI rucI pYdw krdy hoey ies g`l ’qy zor id`qw ik ijhVw kyvl
iek Drm nMU jwxdw hY drAsl auh iksy vI Drm nMU nhIN jwxdw[ Drm-AiDAYn dy ies pRis`D ivdvwn
ny DrmW dy qulnwqmk Aqy ieiqhwisk AiDAYn ’qy zor id`qw sI[ aus duAwrw inrDwirq kIqI DrmW dy
AiDAYn dI ieh ivDI dUjy DrmW pRqI sucwrU soc pYdw krn ’qy zor idMdI hY[ Drm AiDAYn dI ies ivDI
dy AMS inrmly ivdvwnW duAwrw kIqI gurbwxI tIkwkwrI ivc vI vyKx nMU imldw hY[ ienHW ivdvwnW dI
ieh ivSySqw sI ik ienHW ny ijQy ihMdU Drm dy gRMQW dy sMdrB ivc gurbwxI nMU dyKx dw Xqn kIqw hY auQy
ienHW ny dUjy tIkwkwrW duAwrw gurbwxI ivAwiKAw smyN rih geIAW aUxqweIAW nMU A`KoN proKy nhIN kIqw
ijvyN ik pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm trMp duAwrw gurbwxI dy kIqy AMgrzI Anuvwd nwl ijQy sihmq nhIN
huMdy au~Qy AwpxI g`l pUrI idRVHqw nwl pyS krdy hn[ ‘moqI q mMdr aUsrih rqnI q hoih jVwau’ vwly
Sbd dy AMgryzI Anuvwd ’qy it`pxI krdy hoey pMifq jI kihMdy hn ik “ies sbd kI pihlI dUjI qukoN
kw qrjmw trMp swihb ny AYsy kIAw hY] jo eINt kI jgh moqIXoN sy mMdr bny Ar hIry Awid rqnoN sy
aus my jVwau kIAw jwvy] AOr ksqUrI kysr Agr cMdn ky lyp sy vhu lIpy jwvyN qO BI aunko dyK kr mY
mq BUl jwvW] jo BUly hUXy ko qyrw nwm nw icq Awvy] so Xh auskw qrjmw shI nhIN]”2 pMifq jI
Anuvwd dI glqI ’qy kyvl it`pxI hI nhIN krdy blik shI Anuvwd vI pyS krdy hn[
5. vwrqk kwiv qoN CyqI smJ AwauNdI hY Aqy Awm ivAkqI kwiv nwloN vwrqk nMU vDyry psMd krdw hY[
inrmly ivdvwnW ny gurbwxI kwiv nMU vwrqk ivc prox dw BrpUr Xqn kIqw hY[ ies dw Bwv hY ik
inrmly tIkwkwrW nMU vwrqk dy inXmW dw pUrn igAwn sI[ vwrqk rwhIN gurbwxI ArQ smJwauNdy hoey
1
2
BweI vIr isMG, BUimkw, sRI gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ, pMnw 148.
73
aunHW dy “tIikAW dI bolI swDukVI ho geI qy sMsikRq SbdW dI mwqrw vD geI[ gurbwxI dy pd-Cyd krn
nwl ieko quk dy keI-keI pwT hox l`g pey qy ies qrHW pwTMqr Byd hox nwl ArQW ivc siQrqw nw
rhI sgoN AinScqqw v`D geI, imiQhws dIAW pOrwixk kQwvW, pRsMg Awid suxwey jwx l`gy, ihMdU Drm
gRMQW ivcoN pRmwx id`qy jwx l`gy[ PlsrUp ivAwiKAw-pRxwlI auqy vydWqI Cwp l`gx l`gI[”1
6. pMifq jI dw tIkw pRSn-au~qr rUp ivc hY jo ik pihlW pwTk dy mn ivc svwl pYdw krdw hY iPr
aus svwl dy jvwb ivc sMbMiDq Sbd dy ArQ pyS kIqy gey hn[ AwpxI g`l nMU dUijAW q`k iljwx leI
ieh iek srboqm ivDI hY[ purwqn irSIAW-munIAW dy smyN ieh ivDI pRcilq rhI hY pr SMkrwcwrIAw
dy smyN ieh ivDI pRcMf rUp ivc dyKx nMU imldI hY[ sMsikRq dy ivdvwn vI ies ivDI dI BrpUr vrqoN
krdy rhy hn Aqy gurU nwnk dyv jI ny vI iesy ivDI rwhIN prmwqmw dw sMdyS lokW q`k phuMcwieAw[ aunHW
dI bwxI ‘isD gosit’ ies ivDI nMU pyS krdI au~qm rcnw hY[ inrmly ivdvwnW ny gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI
krdy smyN ies ivDI dI vrqoN kIqI hY[ tIkwkwrI dI ieh ivDI pwTk dy mn ivc gurbwxI pVHn pRqI
rOickqw pRdwn krdI hY Aqy nwl hI gMBIr pRSnW dI gu`QI sulJwaux ivc shwieqw vI krdI hY[
7. inrmly ivdvwnW dI tIkwkwrI ivc iqMn pVwA pRmu`K qOr ’qy vyKx nMU imldy hn[ pihly pVwA ivc
aunHW dw muhwvrw bRj Aqy sMsikRq l`dI ivAwiKAwkwrI vwlw pRqIq huMdw hY, ijvyN BweI sMqoK isMG iek
EAMkwr dI ivAwiKAw krdy hoey kihMdy hn, “Drm kI siQrqw ky ihq jgq ky auDwrby ihq jo SRüqI
‘eyk EAMkwr’ myN rwKI hY, soeI khq hYN[ jQw SRüqI:- ‘eykohM bhu SXwm: [’ jb mwXwsvl bRhm BXo, qb
krqw purK rUp pRgtXo[ ‘eykohM’ = eyk jo mYN so bhu hovON[ ies kihn qy ibsqwr ko jgq pRwpiq hoq
BXo[ ‘eykohM’, ies kihn qy ipRQm ieh BI kihnw nhI bnq huqo[ ‘eykohM’ ien AKXrn qy ‘eyk EAMkwr’
‘< bnXo so kihq hYN[”2 dUjw pVwA bRj Aqy sMsikRq dy nwl-nwl pMjwbI BwSw dI vrqoN dw pRBwv vI
vyKx nMU imldw hY ijvyN pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm ‘moqI q mMdr aUsrih…’ vwlI pMkqI dw ArQ krdy hoey
d`sdy hn “eItoN sy AO sMgmrmr Awid p`QroN sy mMdr aUsry, mhl bny Ar iqn mhloN mYN] moqI q rqnI
hoh jVwau, moqIXoN sy Ar moqIXoN sy iBMn] AOr hIry pMny gomyd bYfUrX Awid rqnoN sy suvrx ky pwxI swQ
jVwaU kwm hovy]”3 Aqy qIjy pVwA ivc inrol pMjwbI BwSw ivc kIqI ivAwiKAwkwrI imldI hY jo ik
pMjwb ivc rihx vwly Ajoky ivdvwn kr rhy hn[ sMsikRq dy ivdvwnW koloN ividAw hwsl krky pMjwbI
ivc g`l smJwauxI AOKw kwrj sI pr inrmly ivdvwnW ny ieh kwrj kr idKwieAw[ aunHW dI ies
muhwrq ’qy it`pxI krdy hoey ikhw igAw hY ik, “inrmly ivdvwn bRjI Aqy bRjI BrpUr pMjwbI ivc
ilKdy ilKdy Su`D pMjwbI ivc ilKx lg pey[ ies idRStI qoN vyiKAW ieh q`Q auBr ky swhmxy AwauNdw hY
ik inrmilAW dw imSrq BwSw ivc ricAw swihq Aqy bRjI Aqy Su`D pMjwbI ivc ienHW dy rcy gey
swihq ivcwly iek pul hY[ AMq ivc ienHW ny AwpxIAW rcnwvW Su`D pMjwbI ivc ilKxIAW SurU kr
id`qIAW[”4 pMjwb dy iek pRis`D inrmlw ivdvwn igAwnI blvMq isMG koTwgurU ‘Gir Gir mIAw sBnw
jIAw bolI Avr qumwrI]’ vwly Sbd dw Bwv Su`D pMjwbI ivc smJwauNdy hoey d`sdy hn ik “muslmwnW nMU
pRsMn krn vwsqy Gr dy drvwzy ivc bYT ky ieslwmI ikqwbW pVHdy sn[ mwq-BwSw iqAwg ky PwrsI
boldy sn[ ‘mIAw’ AKvwaux ivc mwx smJdy hn[”5
kuldIp isMG haurw, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pMjwbI dunIAw, AkqUbr-nvMbr 1984, pMnw 105.
BweI sMqoK isMG, grb gMjnI tIkw, pMnw 5.
3
4
suirMdr isMG Syrigl, pRwcIn pMjwbI vwrqk nMU inrmilAW dI dyx, Koj piqRkw, sMpwdk rqn isMG j`gI, mwrc 1983, pMnw 378.
5
igAwnI blvMq isMG koTwgurU, sB qy v`fw siqgur nwnk, inrml drSn, sMpwdk sMq suKvMq isMG, meI 2009, pMnw 13.
1
2
74
8. inrmlw tIkwkwrI ivc gurbwxI dy imSrq AwSy vwly ArQ vyKx nMU imldy hn[ imSrq AwSy vwly
ArQW dI pRoVqw krdy hoey pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm d`sdy hn, “mUl pd kI tIkw bhuDw pMjwb dys kI bolI
my krnI hogI] mUl pd cwhy iksy dys kI BwKw my hovy] ies bwq my Xh hyqu hY bwnI bhuDw pMjwbI my hY]
Xwqy ArQ BI ausI my hoNgy] prMqU bhuq kr SwsqRI bolI sy imisRq hoNgy] ikauNik vhu gurmuKI kI mUl
ividAw hY]”1
9. iek Sbd dy iek qoN vDyry ArQ krn nwl BwvyN ArQW dI sp`Stqw nhIN rihMdI pr Aijhw krnw
aus smyN ivdvqw dI inSwnI smJI jWdI rhI hY ijs dw vrnn krdy hoey ikhw igAw hY, “ieqr mqW dy
AOhdydwrW vloN is`K sMpRdweI mhwqmw dI ‘nkdrI’ Aqy imSrq AwSy dy ArQ krny vwilAW dy sqkwr ny
snwqn sMpRdwX nvIn rUpW ivc pRgt kr id`qI! qdoN qoN jo iek quk dy bwhly ArQ kry su v`fw gXwnI
mMinAw jwx l`gw[”2
10. inrmly ivdvwnW ny BwvyN gurbwxI ivAwiKAw leI ihMdU Drm gRMQW dw shwrw ilAw Aqy ivAwiKAw
krdy smyN ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW dIAW kQw khwxIAW dI BrpUr vrqoN kIqI[ aunHW duAwrw kIqI
ivAwiKAwkwrI ivcoN iek g`l sp`St qOr ’qy swhmxy AwauNdI hY ik aunHW gurbwxI dI g`l nMU lokW q`k
iljwx leI ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW dw shwrw ilAw zrUr sI pr gurbwxI dy ieSt prmwqmw nMU sB qoN
srboqm drswieAw hY ijvyN pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm d`sdy hn ik prmwqmw qoN bZYr “jo Awn ko r`Cw
krny vwlw smJqy hYN vhu BUly hUXy hYN] kbI iqn ko auqm gqI kI pRwpqI nhI hovygI]”3
inrmly ivdvwnW ny tIkwkwrI dw ijhVw kwrj AwrMiBAw aus nwl gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw dw
iek nvW AiDAwie SurU hoieAw sI[ aunHW dy ies kwrj ny aus smyN dy lokW nMU gurbwxI Aqy gurU swihbwn
nwl joVn ivc Aihm BUimkw inBweI sI[ aunHW duAwrw kIqy gey ies kwrj nwl gurbwxI nMU dUjy DrmW dy
Drm gRMQW dy nwl smJx dw Xqn AwrMB hoieAw Aqy nwl hI qulnwqmk AiDAYn dI ivAwiKAwkwrI dw
dOr AwrMB hoieAw[ inrmly ivdvwnW duAwrw Sbd dI ivAwiKAw smyN auQwnkw dyx nwl Sbd dy ArQ nMU
smJx qoN pihlW aus Sbd nMU smJx dI BUimkw iqAwr kIqI ijs nwl Sbd dI soJI gRihx krn pRqI
rucI pYdw hox l`gI[
bdn isMG gXwnI Aqy lDw isMG hjUrI rwgI, BUimkw, Awid sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI stIk (PrIdkot vwlw tIkw), pMnw a.
3
1
2
75
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAwkwrI :
smIiKAwqmk AiDAYn
fw. SmSyr isMG*
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm jI inrml sMpRdwie dy ivdvwnW dI lVI ivc iek mhwn ivdvwn hoey
hn[ ies sMpRdwie dy ivSyS kwrj BwrqI Dwrimk pRMprw, drSn dw AiDAYn, ivAwiKAw Aqy gurmiq dw
pRcwr Aqy pRswr irhw hY[ ies sMpRdwie ny isK Drm dIAW sB sMpRdwvW nwloN AiDk kwrj kIqw hY[ Bwv
gurmiq isDWqW, gurbwxI ivAwiKAw, koS, tIky, gur-ieiqhws pRiq Adu`qI Xogdwn hY[
sMpRdwie dy AwrMB bwry v`Ko v`Kry ivcwr hn[ inrml sMpRdwie dy ivdvwn ies dw AwrMB gurU
nwnk qoN mMndy hn, BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW Aqy gurbwxI ivc Awey ‘inrml’ Sbd duAwrw ies ivcwr
dI puStI krdy hoey kihMdy hn ik gurU nwnk ny Awpxy pMQ dw nwm inrml pMQ riKAw sImwirAw iskw jgq ivc nwnk inrml pMQ clwieAw]1
inrmlM sMq sMgyx Et nwnk prmysurh]2
gurbwxI ivc ‘inrml’ Sbd sMigAw dy rUp ivc pRXog kIqw igAw hY[ is`K pMQ dw Gyrw bVw
ivSwl hY, swrI mwnvqw nUM Awpxy Gyry AMdr lY lYNdw hY[ ies nUM iek sMpRdwie qk sImq nhIN krnw
cwhIdw[ Bwv inrml sMpRdwie sImq hY jd ik inrml pMQ ivSwl ArQW ivc AwieAw hY[ inrml Sbd
dw AiDAwqmk pirpyK bVw spSt hY[
isK pMQ dy ivdvwnW ny inrml sMpRdwie dw AwrMB gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN qoN hoieAw mMinAw
hY[ BweI kwnH isMG jI ny mhwn koS ivc ies sMpRdwie dI auqpqI Aqy ‘inrml’ Sbd dy ArQ spSt
kIqy hn : sRI gurU goibMd isMG ny pMj isK (rwm isMG, krm isMG, gMfw isMG, vIr isMG, soBw isMG) nUM
bRhmcwrI Bys ivc sMsikRq pVHn leI kwSI ByijAw, aunHW dI inrml sMigAw hoeI, ienHW pMjW dy cwtVy jo
inrml bsqr pihn kr sWq icq rih ky ividAw Ar nwm dw AiBAws Aqy Drm pRcwr krdy rhy hn,
auh sB inrmly s`dy jWdy rhy hn[ is`K pMQ ivc inrmly swDU ividAw dy pRymI Ar ivdvwn hoey[3
igAwnI igAwn isMG dy ‘pMQ pRkwS’ Anuswr vI auprokq q`q dI puStI huMdI hYqb hI bwsn kKwey sjw ky[
AwigAw brsq gur qy lY ky[
phuMcy kwSI pur audwry[
cyqn mT my rhy ivcwry[
swDU inrmly so ibdqwey[
ibdX pFI ADk mn lwey[4
* irtw. rIfr, gurU gRMQ swihb AiDAYn ivBwg, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw[
1
vwrW BweI gurdws, 1-43.
2
sRI gurU gRMQ swihb, pMnw 709.
3
mhwn koS, pMnw 712.
4
pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 250.
76
ipMR. qyjw isMG ny inrml sMpRdwie nUM Kwlsw pMQ dw Atut AMg mMinAw hY[ pMifqW ivc rih ky
sMsikRq pVHn nwl auh inrmly khwey[ inrmly- sMsikRq Anuswr SuD, ^wls ArQW ivc vriqAw jWdw
hYThe nucleus of those baptized missionaries was performed from those who had
received a sanskrit education at Banaras and who by living among Pandits had the name
Nirmala which is a Sanskrit synonym for Khalsa both meaning the purified.1
inrml sMpRdwie ny sMsikRq dy ivdvwn pYdw kIqy[ ienHW dIAW rcnwvW ivc vydWq dw pRBwv sI,
BwvyN auh snwqnIAW vWg mUrqI pUjw Aqy jwq-pwq dy bMDnW qoN mukq sn[ purwqn dwrSink ivcwrW ny
ienHW dy mnW ivc AYnw pRBwv pwieAw ik ienHW ny isKI-isDWqW nUM vydWiqk p`K qoN ibAwnx dw Xqn
kIqw[
kvI sMq gulwb isMG inrmly ny ‘moK pMQ pRkwS’ ivc ‘inrml ByK’ Aqy ‘Kwlsw pMQ’ dI
ivAwiKAw Awpxy FMg nwl kIqI hY[ auh ilKdy hn ik gurU jI ny Kwlsy nUM KVgDwrI bxw ky pMQ dI
riKAw Aqy duStW dw nwS krn vwsqy swijAw Aqy inrml ByK nUM gurmiq dy pRcwr ih`q swijAwsRI gurU goibMd su isMG hY pUrx hr Avqwr]
rcXo pMQ Bwv mY pRgt do iviD ko ivsQwr]29]
eykn ky kr KVg dY Buj bl bhu ivsQwr]
pwln BUmI ko krXo dustn mUl auKwr]87]
AOrn kI ipK ivml miq kIno prm ivvyk]
inrml BwKY jgq iqh hyrY bRhm su eyk]88]
pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm dw jnm sMn 1882 eI. nUM ipMf kwlmw izlHw gurdwspur ivKy iek
sDwrn ikswn pirvwr ivc hoieAw[ mwqw-ipqw gurmq dy pRymI sn[ pihlW gurmuKI gurduAwry dy BweI
pwsoN pVHI[ 15 swl dI aumr ivc igRvVI ndI dy iknwry ipMf kurwlw (ijlHw huiSAwrpur) pMifq gulwb
isMG dw AwSrm sI, auQy cly gey[ auQy 150 sMq mhwpurSW dw invws sI[ nroqm jI dI SrDw, syvw,
gurisKI jIvn dyK ky, fyry ivc Swiml kr ilAw[ auQoN auh AMimRqsr cly gey Aqy cwr swl rhy[ iPr
aunHW dw sMsikRq pVHn dw mn bixAw qW kwSI cly gey, sMsikRq dw gUVH igAwn pRwpq kIqw[ auQoN bMgwl
dy SwqIpur Kyqr ‘ndIAW’ ipMf phuMcy[ auQy Kt-drSn, AdvYq vydWq dy gRMQW dw fUMGw AiDAYn kIqw[
1861 eI. ivc hirduAwr kuMB dy myly ’qy phuMcy, ieQy gurmiq dy hor gRMQW dw fUMGw AiDAYn Aqy gurieiqhws piVHAw[
pMifq nroqm jI dI ivdvqw bwry sux ky mhwrwjw nirMdr isMG pitAwlw ny aunHW nUM Awpxy pws
bulw ilAw, auh ivdvwnW dy kdrdwn sn[ pitAwlw ivKy Drm Dujw koTI ivc Tihrn dw pRbMD kIqw[
srkwrI rsd lgw id`qI[ auQy nroqm jI ny koS, gurmiq-isDWq, ivAwiKAw Aqy gur-ieiqhws dw bhuq
kMm kIqw[
sMn 1875 eI. ivc inrml sMpRdwie dy SRI mhMq rwm isMG kubyrIAW dy nwl Awp jI nUM aup SRI
mhMq dI pdvI id`qI geI, bwAd ivc SRI mhMq vI bxy[ 1881 eI. ivc Awp jI dw dyhWq pitAwlw ivKy
hoieAw[ aunHW dw sMskwr srkwrI snmwn nwl kIqw igAw[ ies idn swrw Sihr bMd irhw[
Awp jI ny BwrqI drSn pRMprw nUM smJx leI vyd, SwsqR, purwx, aupinSdW, ismRqIAW dw
AiDAYn kIqw hoieAw sI[ Awp jI dy smyN inrml AKwVy ivc hr p`KoN qr`kI hoeI[ Awp inmr suBwA
1
Teja Singh, Principal, Sikhism its Ideals and Insitutions, p. 68.
77
Aqy ibbyk buD vwly gurbwxI dy pRymI sn[ Awp jI ny AMiqm smyN qk gurmiq dI ivdvqw BrpUr syvw
kIqI[
ivdvwnW ny Awp jI dI rcnw nUM cwr BwgW ivc vMifAw hY1. koS : guru igrwrQ koS- I, II
2. tIky : moK pMQ pRkwS tIkw, gur Bwv dIpkw Awid
3. isDWq : gurmiq inrxY swgr
4. gur ieiqhws : gurU vMS qr drpx, guru qIrQ sMgRih Awid
ies hQly Koj-pypr ivc pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm jI dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw nUM hI ilAw igAw
hY[ nroqm jI ny gurmiq dI ivAwiKAw dw mhwqm dsidAW ikhw hY ik ies dw mUl mMqv Aqy mnorQ
Asur BwvW dw iqAwg Aqy dYvI guxW nUM gRihx krnw hY[ Awp ny izAwdw zor ies g`l ’qy idqw hY ik
gurisKW nUM Awpxw jIvn gurmiq Anuswr ibqwauxw cwhIdw hY[ aunHW ny BgqI auqy izAwdw zor idqw hY
Aqy nwl hI vydWq dy Asr kwrn igAwn nUM mh`qqw idqI hY[ BgqI nwl qn Aqy mn SuD huMdw hY Aqy
igAwn dI pRwpqI huMdI hY[
jpujI dw tIkw kridAW soc, cup, isAwxp Awid swDnW dw KMfn kridAW, Awp jI ny ieh
ivcwr isD krn dw Xqn kIqw hY ik ienHW swDnW nwl mukqI nhIN imldI, mukqI kyvl inSkwm BgqI
nwl sMBv hY[ inSkwm BgqI hI jIv dI icq SuDI (ivkwrW dw dmn) kr skdI hY[
BgqI mn dI piv`qr dSw dw nW hY[ ieh bwhrmuKI Awcwr nhIN, inSkwm BgqI ivhwr
(Conduct) nUM shI bxwauNdI hY Aqy BgqI leI SuD Ahwr (jYsw AMn qYsw mn) zrUrI hY[ krmkWfI
BgqI imiQAw hY[ A`KW mUMdx nwl mn cu`p nhIN huMdw, mn AMdr sMklp-ivklp auTdy rihMdy hn[ ies
leI ieksurqw zrUrI hY[
mn bc k®im rwm nwmu icqwrI]1
dI AvsQw zrUrI hY[ kIrqn vI BgqI dw rUp mMinAw, jp nUM BgqI dw sRySt rUp mMinAw hY[
jp swrI bwxI dw vI hY[ ies pRQwie Awp ny ies pRkwr gurbwxI ivcoN puStI kIqIhir kI Bgiq krhu mn mIq ]
inrml hoie qum@wro cIq ]2
nroqm jI ny jpujI dy tIky AMdr ikhw hY, “ijs purK kw BgqI sy iciq SuD hovY hY iqs aupr
eISvr pRsMn hovY hY AO iqs ky icq mY ibbyk vYrwgX vI hovY hY[”3
Awp jI ny inrgux Aqy srgux dono pRkwr dI BgqI dw izkr kridAW Awpxy p`K nUM srgux
BgqI leI ies pRkwr spSt kIqw hY, “hy isKÎ Xh purK srgux ky aupdys XogÎ hY Ar Xh inrgux ky
aupdys Xog hY AYs gur Awpxy icq mY ivcwr[ ijs ky XogÎ hY vYs aupdys kr dyqy hYN[”4
nroqm jI ny jpujI tIky ivc inSkwm krm krn leI ivAwiKAw ies pRkwr kIqI hY,
“AMqskrx dI suDI leI inskwm krm kr, igAwnwrQ gurU ky smIp jwny swDn sMpqI kr[”5
-auhI, pMnw 288.
3
jpujI tIkw, pMnw 37.
4
-auhI-, pMnw 59.
5
-auhI-, pMnw 76.
1
2
78
nroqm jI ny gurbwxI ivAwiKAw jigAwsUAW dI loV nUM muK rK ky kIqI, ikqy-ikqy AYsy sMkyq
vI imldy hn ik ivAwiKAwkwr dy swhmxy auh tIky sn ijnHW ivc ArQW dw AnrQ hoieAw sI[ suAwmI
AwnMdGn audwsI ny jpujI tIky ivc gurU nwnk bwry ies pRkwr ikhw hY, “gurU inScy qy hIn hY, gurU
nwnk nUM mukqI nhIN pRwpq hoeI AgwhI mukq hovygw[ gurU nwnk ky Cy gurU Qy ieiq Awid AwKih mMgih
dyh dyh—pauVI dy ArQ—mY kihqw hUM AOr AwKqw hUM muJy dwn krn dwqwr[”
ienHW glq ArQW nUM dyK ky BweI sMqoK isMG ny ‘grb gMjnI’ tIkw aunHW dw grb qoVn leI
kIqw, ieMJ hI nroqm jI ny Awpxy tIky ivc fw. trMp dw izkr kIqw hY[ pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm jI ny
‘isrI rwg’ dy tIky dI BUimkw ivc disAw hY ik auh Arnst trMp vwly gurU gRMQ swihb dy AMgryzI
Anuvwd qoN sMquSt nhIN hn[ iesI Bwvnw ADIn aunHW ny gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw krn dw sMklp kIqw[1
ieh tIkw pUrw nhIN imldw kyvl Bgq bwxI Aqy inqnym dw tIkw hI CipAw hY[ nroqm jI ny ‘isrI
rwg’ dI BUimkw ivc tIky dI mh`qqw, BgqI leI buinAwdI q`q gurU-ivSvws, gurU-mihmw, mUrqI-pUjw
dw KMfn, nwm dI mihmw dw ivsQwr sihq izkr kIqw hYmoqI q mMdr ausrih rqnI q hoie jVwau]2
dy sMdrB ivc trMp dy tIky aupr itpxI kridAW ikhw ik aus dy ArQ TIk nhIN - jYsw ik
trMp ny ie`tW dI QW moqIAW dw mMdr, hIry rqnW dw jVwau, ksqUrI Awid dw lypn hI vrxn kIqw hY[
mnu`K nUM prmwqmw dy Bu`l jwx dw izkr, nroqm jI kljug dI swKI joV ky Avqwr (gurU nwnk) dI
pRIiKAw leI klXug ny loB idKwieAw[ ieh Gtnw mMgU mT (auVIsw) dy pws audwsIAW dy dOrwn hoeI[
nroqm jI ny gurbwxI-ivAwiKAw smyN Bwv-ArQW auqy auQy zor idqw hY, ijQy Sbd-ArQ
spSt n hox[ ivAwiKAw krn smyN ADuink FMg dI vrqoN kIqI hY Bwv jpujI dI smucI bwxI nUM muK rK
ky tIkw kIqw igAw hY[ ies pRkwr dI AwDuink tIkw p`DqI ipMR. qyjw isMG Aqy pRo. swihb isMG dI hY[
nroqm jI ny tIkwkwrI bwry jo kuJ buinAwdI nukqy auTwey, auh ies pRkwr hn- “bwxI dw sIDw
ArQ krnw hI swr hY jo Sbd dw SkqI sy pRqIq hovY hY jhw sIDy sy vkqw dw bwiCq ArQ n inksy
qhw BwvwrQ kro jYsy gurU kI bwxI prmwrQ tIkw hY[” keI QwvW ’qy SbdI-ArQ nwl tyFw ArQ inkl
AwauNdw hY qW Bwv-ArQ duAwrw hI spSt huMdw hY[
Awp ‘isrI rwg’ auQwnkw ivc ilKdy hn, “ijs dyS kI bolI ky pd hovyNgy so aunHW dw ArQ
Koj ky ilKw jwvygw[ jhw AKrW dw ArQ kTn hovy aunHW dw Bwv ArQ ilKw jwvygw[ pRMqU bhuq kr
SwsqRI bolI sy imiSRq hogy ikauNik auh gurmuKI dI mUl ividAw hY[”3
Awp jI dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAwkwrI ivc prmwrQ, mhwqm, BwvwrQ, SbdI ArQ Awid Swiml
hn[ ikqy-ikqy pRmwx vjoN swKIAW vI idMdy hn, ies qoN ielwvw pRSn auqr rUp vI vriqAw hY, buinAwdI
qOr ’qy ivAwiKAw ivc vydWq dw Asr idsdw hY, BgqI nwl igAwn nUM BI mukqI dw kwrn mMinAw hY[
‘isrI rwg’ dy tIky dI auQwnkw ivc AiDAwqmk jIvn dy sMdrB ivc, mnu`KI suBwA cwr
pRkwr dw dìsAw hY1. pwmr : jo pSUAW dI qrHW pyt Brn vwly Aqy vMS vDwaux vwly hn[
2. ivKeI : kwmnw ADIn vxj, nOkrI, jp-qp Aqy dwn krdy hn[
1
2
3
tIkw sRI rwg, pMnw 8.
tIkw sRI rwg, pMnw 7.
79
3. jigAwsU : prlok dy pdwrQW dI ie`Cw iqAwg ky kyvl prmySr nUM jwxn dI ie`Cw
r`Kdy hn[
4. igAwnI : jo prmySr nUM jwx cuky hn[1
nroqm jI ny jpujI ‘AsMK jpu’ vwlI pauVI dI ivAwiKAw ivc mukqI dy cwhvwn dYvI sqo guxI
jIvW dw inrxw kIqw hY[ ‘AsMK mUrK’ vwlI pauVI ivc iqMn guxW (sqo, rjo, qmo) dy DwrnI lokW dy nwmQW sUicq kIqy hn Aqy nwl hI ieh spSt kIqw hY ik ijhVy jIvW AMdr iknkw mwqR jigAwsw hY pRMqU
aunHW dw AMqhkrn mYlw hY, ayuh pRBU srUp inrxY krn ivc AsmrQ hn, aunHW nUM idRStWq duAwrw aupdyS
idqw hY[
ies auprokq vrxn qoN nroqm jI dy tIky sMbMDI fUMGw igAwn, AwDuink boDk cyqnw Aqy
ivigAwink sUJ dw pqw lgdw hY[ suirMdr isMG Syr ig`l ny ‘pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm jIvn qy rcnw’
pusqk ivc nroqm jI vloN tIkw bwry ivcwr pRgt kridAW Cy pRkwr dIAW tIkwvW dw vrxn kIqw hY1. pd-Cyd 2. pdwrQ-aukqI 3. ivsRh 4. vwk-Xojnw 5. AwpyK 6. smwDwn
pMifq qwrw isMG dy ricq tIikAW ivc kuJ BRWqIAW vI pYdw hoeIAW hn, ijvyN ik gurbwxI vydW
dI AnuswrI hY, ikqy vyd KMfn nhIN krdI, gurU vyd dw hI pRswr krdw hY, vyd dI riKAw krdw hY[ jpujI
tIkw ivc vyd Aqyy gurbwxI dw qwqprX iek hI dìsAw hY[2
vyd vI hir AwigAw Anuswr hoey Aqy siqnwm vI pRBU Anuswr hoieAw3, ies ivcwr dI puStI
leI aunHW gurbwxI dw inmn hvwlw idqw hYhir AwigAw hoey byd ]4
“so nwm dI vyd bcno kw hY iqn kI jo riKAw kry auh gorK hY[ vyd XQwrQ igAwn dw somw
hY[” pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm jI ny gurbwxI nUM pRmwx mMinAw hY, vydW ivc Em qoN pihlW ‘1’ nhIN[
gurbwxI ivc hY Bwv isDWq vsqU AdvYq hY, dvYq nhIN[ jIv Aqy eISvr iek hI hn, vYrwgX dI qrHW
do nhIN[
gurbwxI ivc E qoN pihlW ‘1’ AMk bwry puStI ies pRkwr kIqI hY- “iqn vrx qQw inKl
vrxoN kI iesqrIAW qy purKW nUM Em dy aucwrn dI AwigAw nhIN sI, gurU jI E qoN pihlW 1 lw ky iesnUM
AdÍYq swbq kIqw qy nwl 1 dy pVdy nwl aus dw aucwrn chuM vrxW leI sWJw bxw idqw vydW ivc sic
icq AnMd iekTw vriqAw igAw hY[ gurbwxI ivc vI siq iehnW q`qW dw hI ilKwiek hY[”
gurU pd dI ivAwiKAw krdy smyN nroqm jI ny BwrqI Drm pRMprw Anuswr gurU nUM Avqwr isD
kIqw hY Aqy ies dI puStI leI BweI gurdws (suxI pukwir dwqwr pRBu guru nwnk jg mwih pTwieAw)
Aqy sveIAW ivcoN mhly pihly ivc kl Bt dy sv`Xy (sqjuig qY mwixE CilE bil bwvn BwieE) nUM
pRsquq kIqw hY[
nroqm jI ny ivSnUM nUM sMpUrn bRhm mMinAw hY[ vyeIN ndI ivc ivSnUM jI ny gurU nwnk nUM bulw ky
aupdyS kIqw[ jpujI tIkw pMnw 9, 10 auqy nroqm jI ‘BivKXq purwx’ dy 35vyN AiDAwie dw hvwlw
idMidAW ADrm vDx ’qy, bydI vMS, pCmdyS (pMjwb) KqRI kul ivKy nwnk nwm vwlw ivSnUM dw Avqwr
hovygw[ aunHW ny gurU nwnk nUM kljug dw pUrn Avqwr mMinAw hY[
1
2
3
4
-auhI-, pMnw 10.
jpu tIkw, pMnw 73.
jpu tIkw, pMnw 40.
80
ieQy BweI joD isMG dw ivcwr dyxw bxdw hY, aunHW dw kihxw hY- ‘gurU pd’ isK Drm ivc auh
ArQ nhIN rKdw ijs ArQ ivc isKI qoN pihlW Awm ihMdU vrqdy sn[1
gurU nwnk ny Awpxw gurU (Sbd) Akwl purK nUM cuixAw hY- “sbid gurU Bvswgru qrIAY ieq
auq eyko jwxY]”2 nroqm jI Anuswr is`K mq dw ieSt ibSnu hY pRMqU aunHW ny ibSnu nUM ieQy vwihgurU ikhw
hY[ nroqm jI gurmiq isDWqW dI ivl`Kxqw qW sQwpq krnw cwhuMdy hn pRMqU vydWq dy pRBwv kwrn iesdI
mOilkqw qoN pry cly jWdy hn[ keI vwr ArQ vydWiqk idRStI qoN krn nwl gurmiq isDWqW dI ivl`Kxqw
nhIN rihMdI[
ies dw auprokq ‘gurU ivvwd’ dw auqr sMq dyvw isMG inrmlw ny ‘jpu BUimkw’ pMnw 24 ivc
idqw hYgurU qIn pRkwr ky hovY ivvhwrk gurU, vYdk gurU Aqy prmwrQ gurU[
1. gurU nwnk ky ivvhwrk gurU- aun ky ipqw jI Qy[
2. ividAw gurU- pMifq hridAwl jI Qy[
3. prmwrQ gurU- jo Awqmw kw bRhm rUp sy SwKswqkwr krwvy[
gurU nwnk dyv jI sÍXM gurU hY, aunHW nUM gurU dI Avskqw nhIN QI[ gurU nwnk jI bRhmw qQw
ibSnu mhyS bwry ies pRkwr ilKdy hnrogI bRhmw ibsnu srudRw rogI sgl sMswrw ]3
gurU rwmdws jI ilK rhy hnbRhmw ibsnu mhwdyau qRY gux rogI ivic haumY kwr kmweI ]4
ienHW SbdW ivc kwrXw bRhm nUnqw ilKI hY[
gurU nwnk dyv jI ky gurU kwrx bRhm hY, gurU nwnk ky pwrbRhm gurU hY, aunHW dw pirBwSw ies
pRkwr hYsiq purKu siq AsQwnu ] aUc qy aUc inrml inrbwnu ]
Apunw kIAw jwnih Awip ] Awpy Git Git rihE ibAwip ]
ik®pw inDwn nwnk dieAwl ] ijin jipAw nwnk qy Bey inhwl ]5
gurU nwnk ky gurU ies pRkwr spSt hYhir gur mUriq eykw vrqY nwnk hir gur BwieAw ]6
AprMpr pwrbRhmu prmysru nwnk guru imilAw soeI jIau ]7
iesy qrHW nroqm jI ny BgqW bwry BI SMkw pYdw kr idqw hY[ ‘Bgq bwxI stIk’ dI BUimkw ivc
ikhw hY ik gurU Arjn dyv jI ny Awid gRMQ dI sMpwdnw krdy smyN vK-vK BgqW dy Bwv AnukUl bwxI
ilK ky aunHW dy nWvW hyT drz kr id`qI hY[ Bgq bwxI stIk AMdr inrgux Aqy srgux ivcwr pRxwlIAW
nUM swhmxy riKAw igAw hY[ ivdvwnW dw kQn hY ik aus smyN ivigAwnk Koj swhmxy nhIN sI AweI[
BweI joD isMG, gurmq inrxY, pMnw 108.
gurU gRMQ swihb, pMnw 944.
3
-auhI-, pMnw 1153.
4
-auhI-, pMnw 735.
5
-auhI-, pMnw 1236.
6
-auhI-, pMnw 1043.
7
-auhI-, pMnw 599.
1
2
81
Bgq bwxI bwry koeI ivcwr inKr ky swhmxy nhIN AwieAw sI[ suirMdr isMG Syrig`l ny ies auprokq
q`Q dI puStI ies pRkwr kIqI hY, “nroqm jI ny Awpxy Anumwn Anuswr ieh ivcwr pRgt kr idqy[
Bgq bwxI pMnw 1 auqy AMikq hY- BgqoN dw Bwv ihrdy my rK kr sRI gurU Arjn swihb jI ny Awp hI
BgqoN ky nwm bwxI rc dI hY[”
nroqm jI BwSw Aqy koSkwrI dy mhwn ivdvwn sn[ gurbwxI dy kIqy gey tIikAW ivcoN sB qoN
vD Xogdwn inrmly ivdvwnW dw AwiKAw jw skdw hY[ jpujI dy 30 tIky Aqy pRXwX ienHW ivdvwnW dy
hn[ &rk isr& ieqnw hY ik inrml ivdvwn tIkw krn smyN vydW nUM AwDwr bxwauNdy hn, gurmiq nUM
vYidk ivcwrDwrw dI inrMqrqw ivc dyKdy hn, jd ik AYsw nhIN hY[ gurmiq dI ivcwrDwrw mOilk Aqy
suqMqr hY[ gurmiq dI joiq-jugq invyklI Aqy suqMqr hY[ gurmiq nw kQw khwxI hY, nw imiQhws hY Aqy
nw hI ieiqhws hY, iesdI nINh qq, siq ibbyk aupr hY[ bwxI klpxw jW ikAwskwrI nhIN hY blik
gurmiq q`q vsqU dI ivAwiKAw krn vwlI hY, jYsw ikAMimRq bwxI qqu vKwxI igAwn iDAwn ivic AweI ]
gurmuiK AwKI gurmuiK jwqI surqˆØI krim iDAweI ]1
gurmiq ‘dy dy lYxw lY lY dyxw nrik surig Avqwr’ dy ivcwr, auqm-mDm jwqI dy Brm ivc
sMswr nUM nhIN pwauNdI[ BUq Aqy Biv`K nwl vrqmwn dI mhwnqw idRVH krauNdI hY[ ikirAwhIn dI bjwey
ikirAwSIl bxwauNdI hY[ audm Aqy Awhr dI isìKAw idMdI hY[ ivgTn dI bjwey sMgTn dI hwmI BrdI
hY[ gurmiq hauN muKI nhIN, srb muKI hY[
nroqm jI ny mukqI-isDWq dI ivAwiKAw vI vydWq dy p`K qoN kIqI hY, aunHW dw kQn hY puMn
krmW krky cMgw srIr qW iml skdw hY[ mukqI, igAwn duAwrw sMBv hY[ ieh mukqI BI jIvn-mukqI
nhIN, ibdyh-mukqI hY[ igAwn dI pRwpqI leI BgqI dIAW igAwrW BUimkwvW syvw, dieAw, SrDw, suxn,
mnx Awid nUM Dwrx krn Aqy ds AprwDW qoN bcx leI ikhw hY[
ivdvwnW dw kQn hY ik nroqm jI AMgryzI dy vI igAwqw sn[ aunHW dy fyry ivKy AMgryzI
ifkSnrI vI sI[ pMifq jI &wrsI zubwn vI jwxdy sn[
suirMdr isMG jI Syrig`l Anuswr aunHW dI ivdvqw dw AMdwzw ieQoN lwieAw jw skdw hY ik
‘vwihgurU’ Sbd dI mh`qqw dsx dy nwl-nwl ies Sbd dI ivauqpqI dy 17 rUp vI pyS kIqy hn[ aunHW
ny ‘kwl’ Sbd dy igAwrW ArQ kIqy hn[
BwrqI pRMprw dy pRBwv ADIn gurmiq ivc Avqwrvwd dy isDWq dI puStI leI ‘BivSpurwx’
dI tUk idqI hY[ AsIN pihlW spSt krn dw Xqn kIqw hY ik gurmiq ivc Avqwrvwd (Incarnation
Theory) dI bjwey ‘gurU’ pd hI pRmwixk isDWq hY[
inrml sMpRdwie dy ivdvwnW ny sMsikRq ividAw pRwpq krky gurmiq isDWqW nUM bhuq lgn
Aqy fUMGweI nwl GoiKAw, pRcwirAw Aqy pRswirAw hY[ ies Xqn nwl gurmiq ivcwrDwrw aunHW ivdvwnW
dI idRStIgocr hoeI ijhVy gurmuKI nUM nhIN sn jwxdy, Bwv BwrqI pRMprw nwl juVy hoey ihMdU ivdvwnW ny vI
ies igAwn rwhIN gurmiq nUM jwixAw, slwihAw Aqy ApxwieAw[ hW, ieh g`l zrUr v`KrI hY ik inrmly
ivdvwnW ny vydWq dw AiDAYn kIqw, aus dy pRBwv kwrn ikqy-ikqy aukweIAW vI zrUr hoeIAW hn, ijnHW
nUM suDwirAw jw skdw hY[ kul imlw ky ienHW ivdvwnW dw Xogdwn bhuq mh`qvpUrn hY[
1
-auhI-, pMnw 1243.
82
nroqm jI dI Gwlxw bhuq SlwGwXog hY[ aunHW dI swrI rcnw dw mulWkx krky gurmiq dy gUVHq`qW pRiq ivsQwr sihq jwxkwrI pRwpq krn leI ieh zrUrI hY ik ies kwrj nUM Koj dy pRwjYktW rwhIN
muV lwB ihq pRcwirAw Aqy pRswirAw jwvy[
83
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dI auswrI ivc inrmlw skUl dw Xogdwn
fw. gurmyl isMG*
smisAw dI pCwx
is`KI jW bwxI-ArQwaux dI koeI inXmbD syD leI, iek Akwdimk-phuµc vjoN kIqy gey kwrj
dI i&lhwl swfy qk koeI sUcnw pRwpq nhIN hoeI, BwvyN muFly ijhy qOr ’qy bwxI-AiDAYn; AiDAwpn; Koj
jW bwxI-ArQwaux dy FµgW bwry kuJ ‘ivcwr; lCx; qrIky jW muK SrqW’ Awid dy vyrvy iml jWdy hn[1
hQly kwrj dI smisAw dw Gyrw bwxI-ivAwiKAw dy Akwdimk AnuSwSn (academic-discipline) dw
nwmkrn/isrlyK, ausdI pirBwSw Aqy ivAwiKAw dy inrmly-skUl duAwrw kIqy kwrjW ivc pRwpq huµdIAW
ivAwiKAk-jugqW, ivDIAW Awid dI qlwS krky, gurbwxI dy ivAwiKAw-AnuSwSn ivc pwey sucyq/Acyq
Xogdwn dw vyrvw hwisl krnw hY[
nwmkrn
bwxI ArQwaux dI inXmbD-pRxwlI jW AnuSwSn ƒ FukvW nW dyx dI pRikRAw leI swƒ AwmsUJ ivcoN keI isDWqk/ivhwrk nwm (noun) pRwpq huµdy hn, ijvyN: gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-ivDI; jugq;
isDWq; Swsqr; ivigAwn jW pDqI Awid[ ieh isDWqk Sbd/sµklp, bwxI dy AiDAYn; AiDAwpn;
Koj; isDWqIkrn Awid dIAW iviBµn vµngIAW ƒ sUicq krdy hn, ijvyN: ‘ivDI’, aunHW ‘FµgW’ ƒ sµkyq
krdw hY ijhVy ‘srUp’ (nature), ‘AwrUp’ (formation) ƒ vDyry sµboDn hn[ ‘jugq’ vI ‘ivDI’ nwl
imldw-juldw Sbd hY[ ‘isDWq’ Drm-SwsqrI (theological) jW dwrSink (philosophical) sµklpW dy
pRgtwaux Aqy sUqrI-krx (formulation) ƒ vDyry sµboDq hY[ ivAwiKAw-Swsqr, pCm dy
Hermeneutics2 AnuSwSq-Sbd dw swfIAW BwSwvW ivc pirAwievwcI rUp dy qOr ’qy vrqoN ADIn hY[
ivigAwn, iek inSicq AnuSwSn nwloN igAwn - ivigAwn dI dunIAw ivc vriqAw jWdw ivSwl Gyry
Aqy ArQW dw lKwiek hY[ ies qrHW aukq Sbd-sµklp bwxI-srUp Aqy aus auqy ausry ivSwl AiDAYn
ƒ inXmq AnuSwSn ivc bµnHx qoN AsmrQ jwpdy hn[ ieQy AsIN i&lhwl iksy hor Sbd/smws dI ZYrhwzrI/phuµc ivc bwxI-ArQwaux dy inXmW dI inXmbD-pRxwlI leI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI nwmkrn
Apxw rhy hW[ ies dI puStI dw AwDwr gurU gRµQ swihb ivclI bwxI hY:
jg Aauru n jwih...
iqn ky duK koitk dUir gey
mQurw ijnu AµimRq nwmu pIAau[[
ieh pDiq qy mq cUkih ry mn
Bydu ibBydu n jwn bIAau[[
prqiC irdY gur Arjun kY
* AYfhwk lYkcrwr, sRI gurU gRMQ swihb ivBwg, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw[ mobw. nM. 98550-40384
see: Daljeet Singh, ‘Sikh Theory of Evolution : Haumain and Problem of Hermeneutics’, in Sikhism : Its
Philosophy and History, (eds.), Kharak Singh, Daljeet Singh, Chandigarh, 1997, pp.83-4.
2
ies dI inrukqI (etymology) grIk dy god Hermes nwl sµbµiDq hY qy ieh theory of understanding hY[
see: Mircea Eliade, The Encyclopaedia of Religion, vol. 6, p. 279; James Hestings(ed.) Encyclopaedia of Religion
and Ethics, vol. vii, New York, 1964, p. 392.
1
84
hir pUrn bRhim invwsu lIAau[[1
Bt mQrw jI dy aukq sveIey ivcoN ‘pDiq’ dy ArQ, SbdwrQ dy kriqAW ny ‘rwh; nym’ kIqy
2
hn[ BweI kwnH isµG nwBw jI ny ‘pDiq’ dy keI ArQ (Fµg, qrIkw, rIqI-irvwj Awid) krky, iek
ArQ ‘Drm dy sµskwr; inXmW dI poQI’ vI kIqy hn[3 Bt mQrw jI gurU Arjn dyv jI duAwrw sQwipq
mwrg; nym dy (bwxI/Sbd rUp ivc) dYvI ‘inXmW dI poQI’ qoN eyDr-EDr jwx qoN vrjidAW, ies dI
Amr-Atlqw dI dYvI-Sw^ Brdy hn, ijs ivc ‘Byd-ivByd’ dI koeI smisAw pYdw nhIN huµdI[ PrIdkotI
tIky ny ‘gur pDqI’ smws duAwrw bwxI-isDWq vl ieSwrw krky4, ies qQ ƒ hor (Avcyqn) bl
bKiSAw hY ik (gurbwxI ivAwiKAw) ‘pDqI’ iek Aijhw (Akwdimk) AnuSwSn hY, ijs ivc bwxIArQwaux dI ‘gur-pDqI/isDWq’ d`sy gey hn[ jo swr vjoN AsIN bwxI-ArQwaux dy isDWqW/jugqW ƒ
dsx/isKwaux vwly ‘ivigAwn’ leI iPlhwl gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI isrlyK vrq rhy hW[
pirBwSw
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dy kuJ muFly lCxW dw izkr aupr Aw cuikAw hY[ ieQy AsIN ies dy
sµklp; srUp; Gyry qQw sImwvW Awid ƒ iDAwn ivc rK ky, ies qrHW pirBwSq krn dI koiSS kr rhy
hW:
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI, (is`K) ivcwr-pRbµD (the Sikh school of thought) ƒ sµkyqk/
syDq iek isDWqk Aqy Akwdimk AnuSwSn dw sµklp hY, ijhVw iksy vI Fµg (SbdwrQ; BwvwrQ;
tIkw; BwS; ivAwiKAw; isDWqIkrx; Koj; AiDAYn Awid) rwhIN bwxI-ArQwaux dy inXmW; isDWqW;
jugqW; ivDIAW Awid dI bwxI-sµdrB ivc isrjxw krdw hY[
aukq pirBwSw rwhIN sµkyqk gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dI isrjxw ivc inrmlw skUl dIAW
rcnwvW ivcoN pRwpq syDW dI qlwS krnw Aqy kuJ DwrnwvW bxwauxIAW hI hQly prcy dw muK audyS hY[
II
ivAwiKAw dy inrmly skUl dIAW AnykW lGU Aqy vf-AkwrI ivAwiKAwqmk rcnwvW ivc
swƒ ivAwiKAw dy ijhVy isDWq; Fµg jW jugqW pRwpq hn, auh inrsµdyh iksy Akwdimk-Swsqr dI
isrjxw dy sucyq jqnW dIAW lKwiek nhIN Aqy nw hI auh iksy ivDI-vq qrIky nwl pRwpq hn, blik
auh prµpirk qrIky nwl tIikAW dIAW BUimkwvW/auQwnkwvW; koS-AµdrwzW; itpxIAW; Kµfn-mµfl
ivsqwrW; rcnwvW dy smucy srUp Aqy syDW Awid ivcoN iksy sµdrB rwhIN pRwpq huµdIAW hn, pr ienHW dI
mhqw qoN kdwicq vI ienkwrI nhIN hoieAw jw skdw, ikauNik pRwpq jugqW bwxI-ArQwaux leI is`KpDqI dI auswrI ivc Aihm Xogdwn pwauNdIAW hn[ bwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dI auswrI ivc shwiek
isDWqW/ivDIAW dI inSwndyhI leI AsIN kuJ coxvIAW rcnwvW auqy hI iDAwn kyNdirq hY, ijhVIAW
inrmlw skUl dI ivAwiKAwkwrI ivc Awm-iviKAwq hn Aqy pRqIinD khIAW jw skdIAW hn[
srUp Aqy vrg idRStI qoN ArQwaux-pRikRAw dy Akwdimk AnuSwSn ivc shwiek qqW ƒ,
ijhVy inrmlw-skUl dIAW rcnwvW ivcoN pRwpq huµdy hn, iqµn BwgW ivc vµifAw jw skdw hY:
(1) AwrQwaux dy Akwdimk-AnuSwSn ivc shwiek qq (isDWqk)
gurU gRµQ swihb, pMnw 1409.
SbdwrQ sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, Bwg 4, pµnw 1409, not 5.
3
mhwn koS, pµnw 742, (nYSnl buk Swp dI 12vIN AYfISn, 2006)
4
Awid sRI grU gRµQ swihb jI stIk (PrIdkot vwlw tIkw), ij. 4, pitAwlw, 1992 (cOQI vwr), pµnw 2876.
1
2
85
(2) ivAkiqqÍ ivgws leI jW ArQwaux-pRikRAw leI Awcrixk Xogqw bwry jugqW
(3) ivhwirk/ivDwgq jugqW
Agly pµinAW auqy AsIN aukq pRkwr dIAW ivDIAW/jugqW dI ivAwiKAw, audwhrnW smyq krn dI
koiSS, ivhwrk idRStI qoN kr rhy hW[
I Akwdimk AnuSwSn ivc shwiek isDWqk qq
(1) mUlmµqR gurmiq Dwrw dw kyNdr
inrmly skUl ny smucI gurmiq Dwrw dw kyNdr mUlmµqR ƒ mµinAw hY[ ies iksm dI puStI ies
skUl duAwrw isDIAW ricq mUlmµqR sµbµDI rcnwvW qoN ielwvw tIikAW dIAW BUimkwvW qoN ho jWdI hY[1
ies skUl dI Avcyqn jW cyqn, ieh Dwrnw bxdI hY ik gurbwxI-ArQwaux pRikRAw, mUlmµqR dy isDWq
dI pYrvI kry[ ijhVI ArQ-pRikRAw/pRxwlI mUlmµqR dy isDWq qoN prHy hY, auh gurmiq AnuswrI nhIN[
mUlmµqR vwly iek r`bqw (<) dy isDWq ƒ pµifq gulwb isµG inrmlw ny mokS pµQ pRkwS (1777eI.)
ivc ‘hyrY bRhm su eyk’ rwhIN puSt krky aukq qQ dI hwmI BrI hY, ijs rwhIN AsIN ‘gurbwxI
ivAwiKAw-pDqI’ leI iek mulvWn isDWq pRwpq kr lYdy hW[ BwvyN ieh pihlU vI idlcspI qoN KwlI
nhIN ik ies skUl dIAW bhuqIAW tIkwvW/rcnwvW aukq isDWq auqy kyNdrq nhIN[2 pr swfw srokwr qW
TIk idSw Aqy isDWq pRwpq krn dw hY[
(2) jpu jI, is`K-isDWqW dw kyNdr
inrmlw skUl dy hr kihµdy-khwauNdy swDU ny jpu jI dw tIkw zrUr kIqw hY; sYNkiVAW dI
igxqI ivc pRwpq jpu-tIky ies qQ dw pRmwx hn[3 jpu jI dw tIkw, Swied inrmly jW hor sµprdweIswDUAW dw ivdvqw/pµifqweI-icµnH hY[ aukq qQ qoN ieh Dwrnw bxdI hY ik inrmly ivdvwn jpu jI ƒ
is`K dwrSink idRStI qoN kyNdrI mhqw idµdy rhy hn Aqy iesy rOSnI ivc jpu jI dI dwrSinkqw smJxw;
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dw iek Aihm AsUl bx jWdw hY[
(3) ieiqhws Aqy isDWq dw sumyl
inrmly swDUAW dIAW rcnwvW/tIkwvW ivc ieiqhws Aqy isDWq dw sumyl imldw hY[ ies qQ
dw puKqw sbUq swƒ ‘swKI pRmwx’ jugq ivcoN iml jWdw hY[ ies qoN ieh mwxqw bxdI hY ik gurbwxI dI
smJ[ (is`K) ieiqhws ibnw sµBv nhIN[ ieiqhws pCmI idRStIkox ivc iek sÍY-SwSq AnuSwSn (self
discipline) hY, pr swfI idRStI ivc ieh mIrI-pIrI dw do-Dwrw Kµfw hY : iek isDWq dw Aqy dUsrw
ieiqhws dw[ AµimRqsr ivc TwkurW dy fyry invws krdy inrmly swDU sµq Awqmw isµG ny 1893 eI. ivc
swKI pRmwx vf-AkwrI gRµQ ilK ky aukq qQ ƒ pRmwixq kIqw hY[ sµq vswKw isµG jI dw iqµn BwgW ivc
vf-AkwrI gRµQ, mwlvw ieiqhws (ikSnpur, 1954) ies qQ dI hor puStI hY[
(4) prµprw dI smJ
ijvyN audwhrx leI ig. muKiqAwr isµG swrµg (ropV) dI mUlmµqR qq inrxY vyKI jw skdI hY jW pµifq Arjn isµG munI dy
ihµdI ivc tIky dI BUimkw[
2
ieh < dy ArQ Aksr prµprw dy ‘qRY dyvI’ kr idµdy hn[ ivsqwr leI vyKo: Prof. Pritam Singh, ‘The Interpretations
of Mool Mantra’, in Exploring Some Sikh Themes, Singh Bros., Amritsar, 2006, p. 37.
3
vyKo : fw. joigµdr isµG, jpujI dy tIky : smIiKAwqmk AiDAn, pitAwlw, 1981; Kirpal Singh, Guru Nanak Japuji : A
Descriptive Bibliography, Pbi. Uni. Pta., 1990; nryNdrpwl isµG kpUr, sµq kwvX jpu jI AOr tIkw prµprw, kurkSyqr,
2003 (ihµdI) Awid[
1
86
prµprw dI smJ ivc inrmlw skUl ivSyS kr BwrqI Aqy iesy sµdrB ivc vyidk prµprw ƒ
Swiml krdw hY[ ies ivc vyd; aupinSd; gIqw; Kt-drSn Aqy ivSyS kr vydWq ies skUl dI muKDwrw ivc Swiml hY[ ies sµdrB ivc ieh isDWq ‘gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI’ dI isrjxw dw ihsw
bxdw hY ik prµprw dy AiDAYn ibnw gurbwxI-ArQwaux dI pRikRAw sµBv nhIN[ ies ivcwr dI audwhrx
ies skUl dI iksy rcnw ivcoN vI AwswnI nwl KojI jw skdI hY Aqy isDy rUp ivc vI ivdvwnW duAwrw
AijhIAW rcnwvW kIqIAW iml jWdIAW hn, ijvyN audwhrx mwqr leI sµq inhwl isµG kvINdR ny lgpg
(12) gRµQ rcy, ijnHW ivcoN iqµn:
- KoVs iqQW vydWqI (16 pdW ivc vydWq ivAwiKAw)
- sqvwr vydWqI (hPqy dI sq idnW AwDwirq vydWq ivAwiKAw) qy
- sRI Bvswgr syqu
sRI Bvswgr syqu (1847eI.) dI rcnw qW gurbwxI dI pVcol, vydWq Anuswr krn leI hI
kIqI geI[
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dI auswrI ivc inrmlw skUl dI aukq mwnqw (prµprw dI smJ)
bhuq mulvwn dyx hY, pr ies dIAW sImwvW hn, ieh Dwrw kyvl vyidk Aqy A`gy Kt-skUlW ivcoN kyvl
vydWq qk hI vDyry sIimq hY, jd ik prµprw dI smJ ivc jYn; buD; isD; nwQ Awid prµprwvW qoN ibnw
swmI prµprwvW (^ws kr sU&I, ieslwm Awid) dI smJ vI Swiml hY; ikauNik gurbwxI ivc aukq sB dy
sµdrB pRwpq hn[
(5) bwxI srUp
inrmlw skUl dI v`fI mwnqw bwxI dw suBwA jW pRikrqI dI smJ hwisl krnw hY[ ies skUl
dI sucyq mwnqw hY ik bwxI koeI swDwrn kwiv-rcnw nhIN, sgoN bRhm igAwn hY Aqy ies dI ArQwaux
pRikRAw hr Awm-^ws dw kµm/v`s nhIN[ iesy sµdrB ivc hI auh keI pRkwr dIAW ivAkqIgq sµsQweI
mwnqwvW (ijµnHW dw izkr AsIN A`gy cl ky krWgy) dI inXmwvlI ƒ Amlwaux dI Srq lwauNdy hn[
kwiv/vwrqk ivc pRkwiSq vf-AkwrI gRµQ, gRµQ ivhwr ivRµdwvn, ijhVw 1870eI. ivc lKnwaU qoN
pRkwiSq hoieAw, ivc sµq ivhwr ivRµdwvn isµG jI Aqy sµq Atl isµG jI dy Aijhy ivcwrW ƒ vyiKAw jw
skdw hY[
(6) Putkl
aukq muK pRwpq DwrnwvW/isDWqW qoN ibnw ies skUl ny bwxI-ArQwaux dI pRikRAw ivc
ivAwkrx dI mhqw : ijvyN pµifq Arjn isµG jI munI, pRymsdn inrml CwauxI hirdÍwr vwilAW ny sRI
gurU gRµQ swihb jI dy ihµdI tIky (ADUrw, isr& 2 Bwg) dI BUimkw ivc ‘< ’ dw pwT ‘iek EAµkwr’
(aucwrx) isD krn leI ivAwkrx dI KulHI shwieqw leI; jW pµifq qwrw isµG jI nroqm ny AµimRqsr
ivc gurbwxI; gur-ieiqhws dy AiDAYn auprµq vwrwxsI ivc pwnxI Aqy swrSuq ivAwkrx dI ivDI
pUrbk isKlweI leI[ ipµgl dI mhqw : ijvyN ig. qyjw isµG jI (vYd SwsqrI) ny rUpdIp ipµgl stIk
ivc ies mwnqw ƒ drsieAw hY[ joiqS-ividAw dI mhqw : ijvyN sµq mµgl isµG jI (pitAwly vwilAW)
mhUrq cµidRkw, lgpg 800 pµinAW dw joiqS gRµQ ilK ky aukq mq dI puStI kIqI[ ieQy iDAwn rhy ik
fw. blbIr isµG jI (dyhrwdUn) ny joiqS-ividAw dI smJ rwhIN hI bwxI dy iek hvwly ‘nwvxu purbu
ABIcu’1 nwl gurU Amrdws jI dI Xwqrw dw sµn/sµmq lB ilAw sI[1 bwxI aucwrx; pwT-krn dI
1
gurU gRµQ swihb, 1116.
87
jugiq; BUgol dI smJ; pRmwx-idRStWq dI mhqw; mUl BwSw Aqy lok BwSw dI smJ; pUrb pRmwixk
ivcwrW dI mwnqw 2 ; rwg ividAw dI smJ; SwsqRI igAwn; kwiv-SwsqRI igAwn 3 ; BwSwvW (ivSyS kr
sµsikRq) dI gihrI smJ; imQ/lokDwrw; SbdwrQ/pRsµgwrQ dIAW ivDIAW; sµvwd 4, is`K prµprwvW/rIqW/
sµsQwvW dI smJ; dµd kQwvW; rs; SbdW dI pRikrqI; sµiKAk SbdW dI smJ; gurbwxI sµpwdn dy
ieiqhws Aqy klw dw igAwn; bwxIkwrW dy Dwrimk/smwijk ipCokV Awid AnykW isDWqk ivcwr pRwpq
hn, ijnHW bwry AnykW ivcwr inrmlw-skUl dIAW ilKqW ivcoN iml jWdy hn[ ieh sB ‘gurbwxI
ivAwiKAw-pDqI’ dy skUl ƒ isrjx leI loVINdIAW Aµqr-AnuSwSnI idRStIAW (inter-disciplinary
approaches) sµd hn[
II Awcrixk jugqW
inrmlw skUl bwxI-ArQwaux pRikRAw ivc kyvl pµfqweI jW Akwdimk ividAw (BwSw;
ipµgl; ivAwkrx; prµprw Awid) ƒ hI mwnqw nhIN idµdw, sgoN ies skUl dI inXmwvlI ivc sB qoN
pihlqw ivAkqIgq Awcrx bxdw hY[ ijvyN ik pihlW sµkyq Aw cuìkAw hY ik inrmly swDUAW Anuswr
bwxI bRhm igAwn hY, swDwrn kwiv-rcnw nhIN, ies leI ‘pRQmy mn pRboD’ ky hI ieDr pYr pwieAw jw
skdw hY[ Awm sµswrI JµmyilAW ivc gRsq, haumYvwdI, izµmyvwrIAW dI pµf isr ’qy cu`kI iPrdy lok ieDr
jykr hOslw krngy vI, qW bhuqI sPlqw hwisl nhIN kr skxgy[ ies sµdrB ivc ieh skUl, bwxIAiDAYn, AiDAwpn krn vwly jW ivAwiKAwkwrW qoN iek ivSyS pRkwr dI jIvn-jugqI qQw ivhwr dI
mµg krdw hY[ ies ivc kuJ inmn ivhwr-jugqW Swiml hn:
(1) ig. igAwn isMG jI, inrmlw-swDU dy lCxW Aqy Awcrx dw muK gux aus dw ‘iqAwgI’ hoxw dsdy
hn (qXwgI isK inrmly gwey)[5 ieh qQ/inXm bwxI-ArQwaux pRikRAw ivc l`gy hr aus SKS
leI lwzmI hY ijhVw ies Kyqr ivc pYr pwauxw cwhuµdw hY, pr iDAwn rhy ieQy ‘qXwg’ gRihsQ jW
sµswr dw nhIN, PzUl vwSnwvW/ (mwieAw/haumY dIAW) pµfW dw hY[
(2) ig. igAwn isµG jI hI dsm pwqSwh hzUr dy muKwribµd rwhIN (inrmly) ivdvwnW dy hor guxW ivc
sµqoKI; sqoguxI; sbr; ivcwrvwn (sivcwry) Awid ivhwr ƒ Swiml krdy hn[6
(3) BweI sµqoK isµG jI ny sq-sµgq Aqy syvw krnI, ies ivdvq mµflI dw iek hor mhwgux zrUrI
krwr idqw hY[7
Dr. Balbir Singh ny L.D. Kannu Pillai dI An Indian Ephimeris, ijld 5 dy AwDwr ’qy 26 jnvrI, 1553 eI. ƒ gurU jI
dw kurkSyqr jwxw isD kIqw : ‘‘Date of the visit of Guru Amardas to Kurukshetra’ The Punjab Past and Present, vol.
viii,Part-1. April, 1974, pp. 342-45; ijs dI puStI fw. POjw isµG jI ny kIqI, vyKo: Fauja Singh, Guru Amar Das : Life
and Teachings (Guru Amar Das Quin centenary memorial volume) Sterling Pub., New Delhi, 1979.
2
pµifq dyvw isµG jI ny (dyvpurw AwSrm, hirduvwr), gurbwxI dy kTn pdW dy pirXwey, bwlw mukµd pRYs, lwhOr, 1899, ivc
‘BgauqI’ dy ‘pwrbRhm’, aukq idRStI ivc, ArQ krdy hoey isD kIqw ik pµQ ivc pRcilq qy pRvwinq pUrb ivcwrW Anuswr hI
ArQ krny cwhIdy hn qy sµbµDq pµQ dI muK-Dwrw qoN prHy jwxw TIk nhIN huµdw[
3
ies qQ dI KUbsUrq imswl BweI sµqoK isµG jI dy grb gµjnI tIkw sRI jpu jI swihb ivcoN vyKI jw skdI hY[
4
swDU dyvw isµG inrmly dw isD gos† stIk, Akwl pRYs lwhOr, 1898; ‘sµvwd’ leI vyiKAw jw skdw hY[
5
igAwnI igAwn isµG jI ricq inrml pµQ pRdIpkw, inrml pµcYqI AKwVw, knKl (shwrnpur), 1962 (dUjI vwr, pihlI vwr
1891 isAwlkot) ivc AKwiVAW ivc rihx vwly swDUAW bwbq, ijhVy 12 muK inXm d`sy hn (pµny 75-8) aunHW ivc aukq
inXm Aw jWdy hn[
6
auhI[
7
auDirq: ig. blvµq isµG koTwgurU, inrml pµQ dI gOrv gwQw, knKl, 2009, pµnw 34.
1
88
(4) lgpg hr purwqn Aqy v`fy swDU dw jykr jIvn-ivhwr vyiKAw jwvy qW swƒ do-iqµn g`lW sUrjvq
rOSn huµdIAW hn : pihlI ivdvwn Awm (&jUl) glbwqW ivc vwDU smW Krc nhIN krdy, auh jW qW
syvw krdy hn1 jW ismrn Aqy jW ilKx/pVHn ivc ruicq huµdy hn[ gurbwxI AiDAYn; AiDApn
Aqy Koj v`l juVy ivdvwnW leI ies qoN aupr hor koeI sunYihrI AsUl Swied hI hovy[
(5) pµifq eISÍr isµG jI kwSI vwly, ijnHW pµj dy krIb AiqAµq mhqw vwly gRµQW dI rcnw kIqI2, Awpxy
mhqwXog gRµQ vwihgurU mµqRwrQ ivc ‘vwihgurU’ pd dy ArQ kridAW iek bVy hI ingr isDWq v`l
sµkyq krdy hn, ijs ƒ aunHW ‘ivRqIinroD’ smws rwhIN pRgt kIqw hY[ ies smws dw isDw Aqy sOKw
ArQ ‘mn-icq dI iekwgrqw’ bxdw hY[ ies qoN ieh inXm bxdw hY ik bwxI-ArQwaux dI
pRikRAw ‘iekwgr icq’ vwly purSW dw kµm hY, (mwieAw/haumY/bYNk AkwauNtW ivc) ‘mn kI mqI
iKµfIAw’3 vwly lokW ƒ ieDr soc-ivcwr ky hI pYr pwauxw cwhIdw hY[ pµifq blbIr isµG jI SwsqRI
SwsqRI ny ‘DXwn pUrvk AiDAYn’ vwkWS vriqAw hY[4
(6) pµifq qwrw isµG jI nroqm aukq sµdrB ivc hI idSw-inrdyS idµdy hoey bwxI-ArQwaux pRikRAw ƒ
(tIkwkwrI dy ivSyS pRsµg ivc) iek bhuq hI izµmyvwrI Aqy idRVHqw vwlw sµklp qQw kwrj dsdy
hn[5 ieh kwrj koeI ZYr-izµmyvwrwnW nhIN, dUjy SbdW ivc (pµifq jI dI nzr ivc) ies kwrj
ivc iek pµQk Bwvnw Aqy izµmyvwrI hY, ieh inrol ivAkqIgq jW Akwdimk mslw nhIN[
aukq qoN ibnw hor vI inXm qQw aupdyS pRwpq hn, ijhVy ies Kyqr ivc pYx vwilAW leI
zrUrI hn[ ienHW ivcwrW dw swr-qq ieh hY ik ‘gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI’ dw skUl, kyvl Akwdimk
Xogqw dI mµg hI nhIN krdw, Awcrixk Xogqw dI mµg vI krdw hY, ijvyN ik inrmlw skUl ny idSw
inrdyS idqw hY[
III ivhwrk Aqy ivDwgq jugqW
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dy inrmwx leI inrmlw skUl vloN vrqoN ADIn kIqIAW ivcwrwDIn
jugqW vI mhqwXog hn[ ieh ijQy inrmwx ADIn sµklp dw Gyrw (scope) ivsqwrq krdIAW hn, auQy
bwxI-ArQwaux pRikRAw dy Anyk-muK FµgW v`l vI sµkyq krdIAW hn[ audwhrx leI inrmlw skUl dI
pRwpq bwxI ivAwiKAwkwrI swƒ tIkw, BwS, SbdwrQ, koS, auQwnkw Awid rUpW ivc pRwpq hY[6 ieh
ivsqwr Aqy sµKyp; gUVH Aqy srl, pµjwbI (gurmuKI) Aqy bRj/sµsikRq Awid BwSwvW/rUpW ivc hY[ audyS
pKoN ieh bwxI gOrv ƒ smripq hY Aqy ies dI muK (sucyq/Acyq) phuµc qulnwqimk hY[7 kQw-ivDI,
sµq idAwl isµG jI (lwhOr vwilAW) dI lgpg 19 vryH dI imhnq nwl iqAwr hoey gRµQ inrml pµQ dw ieiqhws (do Bwg),
AµimRqsr, 2009 (dUjI vwr, pihlI vwr 1951) ivc sYNkVy swDUAW dy jIvn-ibrqWq aukq mq dI puStI leI vyKy jw skdy hn[
2
(1) gurmiq idgivjX, (2) buDI bwriD, (3) vwihgurU mµqRwrQ, (4) gurU mµqRwrQ (sµsikRq), (5) sÍY supn nwtk[ not: ieh gRµQ
‘pµifq eISÍr isµG gRµQwvlI’ dy isrlyK hyT ig. blvµq isµG koTwgurU jI ny Cwp idqy hn[
3
dUjY bhuqy rwh mn kIAw mqI iKµfIAw[[ gurU gRµQ swihb, 145.
4
SbdwrQ sRI gurU gRµQ swihb (ihµdI), SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI, AµimRqsr, 1966 dI BUimkw[
5
sRI gurmiq inrxY swgr, knKl, 1979 (dubwrw), BUimkw[
6
ijvyN: ig. Aqr isµG, sRI gurU gRµQ swihb jI dy pRXwX, sµgrUr 1909; sµq suqy pRkwS, pRXwX Awid sRI gurU gRµQ swihb (2
Bwg), AµimRqsr, 1898; gurmuK isµG inrmlw, sRI gurU gRµQ swihb ArQmwlw, AµimRqsr, 1945; pRqwp isµG, Anyk ArQI
nwmwvlI koS, AµimRqsr, 1916 Awid[
7
^ws kr BwrqI prµprw dy sµdrB ivc[ pµifq qwrw isµG nroqm dI rcnw sRI gurmiq inrxY swgr, knKl, 1979 (dubwrw),
ies qQ dI KUbsUrq audwhrn hY[
1
89
lokW qk iljwx leI muK sµcwr-jugq hY[ Aijhw kuJ ‘gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI’ dI auswrI leI
AiqAµq smJgocrw Aqy loVINdw hY[
sµsQweI ivhwrkqw ivcoN mµflIAW, sµvwd (ijvyN AwDuink sYmInwr; goStIAW Awid), AKwVy,
kmytIAW Awid jqnW rwhIN bwxI-ArQwaux pRikRAw vI iek Aihm jugq hY1, ikauNik bwxI-AiDAYn iksy
’k`ly-kihry ivAkqI jW sµsQw dw kµm/hONslw nhIN[ ies sµbµDI v`fy sµsQweI jqnW dI loV huµdI hY, ijvyN
inrmlw skUl aupr vrixq sµsQweI jugqW ny sµgiTq ho ky kwrj kIqy[
swr
auprokq sµKyp ivcwr crcw qoN bwAd ieh ivcwr iPr duhrwauxw auicq jwpdw hY ik jdoN vI
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dw iek mOilk Aqy suqµqr skUl isrijAw igAw qW aus dI auswrI ivc
inrmlw-skUl vloN Avcyqn sµkyqk bhu-AnuSwSnI isDWqk/ivhwrk phuµc mhqwpUrn rol Adw krygI
Aqy inrmlw-skUl vloN cyqn/Avcyqn idqIAW DwrnwvW (ijµnHW ivcoN kuJ ku dw izkr hQly prcy ivc
krn dI koiSS kIqI geI hY) dw mhqwpUrn rol hovygw[ ies g`l ƒ ieauN vI ikhw jw skdw hY ik
inrmlw jW bwxI-ivAwiKAw dy hor skUlW dI mdd nwl hI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw-pDqI dw sÍY-SwSq
AnuswSn isrijAw jw skdw hY[
Arjn isµG munI dw ieiqhws inrml pµcwieqI AKwVw, knKl, 1952, AKwiVAW leI vyiKAw jw skdw hY[ hor vyK:o rwijµdr
isµG SwSqrI, ‘inrmly sµqW dy fyry’, pµjwbI dunIAw, meI, 1977.
1
90
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm dI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw nUM dyx
fw. prmjIq isMG ‘mwnsw’
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm inrml ByK dy iek mhwn ivdvwn hoey hn[ Awp jI kRWqIkwrI, dlyr
Aqy ivdvwn ilKwrIAW ivcoN sn[ gurmiq sMbMDI muFlI swmgrI pMifq qwrw isMG dIAW pusqkW qoN hI
pRwpq huMdI hY[
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm jI dw jnm sMn 1822 eI. (sMmq 1878 ib.) ivc gurdwspur izlHy dy
ipMf ‘kwlmW’ ivc hoieAw[ ieh ipMf kwdIAW stySn dy nyVy lgpg iqMn ku iklomItr dI iv`Q ’qy siQq
hY[ Awp jI nUM gurmiq sMbMDI lwg Awpxy mwqw-ipqw qoN l`gI[ Awp jI dy ipqw jI Dwrimk iÂwlW dy
guris`K ivAkqI sn[ ies leI Awp dy Gry sMq-mhwpurSW dw Awauxw-jwxw rihMdw sI[ mhwpurSW dI
siqsMgq dy kwrx Awp jI dy mn ’qy gurmiq dw gihrw pRBwv ipAw[ Awp jI 19 ku virHAW dI AwXU
ivc Gr-bwr C`f ky kurwly ipMf igVvVI sMpRdw dy fyry ivc Aw Swiml hoey[ auQy Awp ny pMifq gulwb
isMG jI horW pwsoN gurU dIiKAw Aqy isìKAw pRwpq kIqI[ auQoN hI AwigAw lY ky AMimRqsr cly gey, auQy
sMsikRq dI ivìdAw pRwpq kIqI[ Awp jI bMgwl ivKy ‘ndIAW’ ngr phuMcy, ijQy Awp jI ny Kt-SwsqrW
sMbMDI BrpUr jwxkwrI pRwpq kIqI[ sMn 1861 eI. nUM Awp jI hirduAwr ivKy ArD kuMBI dy Avsr ’qy
phuMcy[ ieQy hI Awp jI dw imlwp mhwrwjw pitAwlw s. nirMdr isMG jI nwl hoieAw jo Awp jI nUM bhuq
Swno-SOkq nwl pitAwly lY Awey[ ieQy hI Awp jI ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw dw kwrj AwrMiBAw[
pitAwlw ivKy Awp jI nUM hr pRkwr dI su`K shUlq vI pRwpq sI[
ieQy hI Awp jI sMn 1861 eI. qoN lY ky sMn 1891 qk gurbwxI ivAwiKAw dw kMm krdy rhy[
‘BweI kwnH isMG nwBw jI’1 ny Awp jI duAwrw ilKIAW pusqkW dI sUcI ies pRkwr id`qI hY1. mokS pMQ pRkwS
1922 ibkRmI (1865 eI.)
2. suruqr koS
1923 ibkRmI (1866 eI.)
3. gurmiq inrxX swgr
1934 ibkRmI (1877 eI.)
4. Akwl mUriq pRdrSn
1935 ibkRmI (1878 eI.)
5. gurU vMS qr drpx
1935 ibkRmI (1878 eI.)
6. tIkw jpujI, rihrws, soihlw
Aqy Sbd hzwry
1936 ibkRmI (1880 eI.)
7. tIkw Bgq bwxI
1939 ibkRmI (1882 eI.)
8. gur qIrQ sMgRih
1940 ibkRmI (1883 eI.)
9. tIkw sRI rwg
1942 ibkRmI (1885 eI.)
10. guru igrwrQ koS
1946 ibkRmI (1889 eI.)
fw. rqn isMG j`gI ny aunHW dIAW ilKqW dI igxqI 13 d`sI hY[ mhMq gurdIp isMG kysrI ny 19
d`sI hY[ SmSyr isMG ASok ilKdy hn ik aunHW dIAW ilKqW dI igxqI 21 sI[ pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm
gur qIrQ sMgRih ivc AwpxIAW ilKqW sMbMDI jwxkwrI idMdy hn, “sMmq 1922 kI m`Gr sudI puMnXW ko
1
kwnH isMG nwBw, BweI, mhwn koS, BwSw ivBwg, pMjwb, pMnw 585
91
dÍwds shMsR moK pMQ pRkwS ky iqlk kw pRkwS hUAw[ pScwq Amr mydnI koSoN sy ds shMsR nwm sMgRih
kr 1923 kI k`qk sudI puMinAW ko cwr shMsR slok kw sbd suruqr koS bxw[ pScwq gRMQ swihb ky
ArQ ibcwr kw prm shweI K`t shMsR AwT sO sMiKAw gurmq inrxX swgr gRMQ sMmq 1938 myN mwG
vdI CT ko smwpq kIAw[ ies pScwq bwxI ky ArQoN myN pRmwx dyxy hyq pWc sO pJ`qr slok sMiKAw
prIKXw prkrx cwr sO bweI slok vwihgurU SbdwrQ do sO ATwsI slok sMiKAw Akwl mUrq pRdrSn
gur bMswvlI ArQwq gurU bMs qr drpx Xyh cwroN sMmq 1935 myN smwpq kIXy[ jpu, rihrws, AwrqI,
soihlw, hzwry SbdoN kI tIkw Cy hzwr, Cy sO solW slok sMiKAw sMmq jyT sudI qROdsI ko smwpq krI[
pScwq ATwrW hzwr, nO sO swFy sqvMjw slok sMiKAw Bgq bwxI kI tIkw sMmq 1939 kI P`gx vdI
iSv cqrdSI ko smwpq krI[ pScwq sRI gurU qIrQ sMgRih cwr sh`sR slok sMiKAw sMmq 1940 kI poh
sudI spqmI ko smwpq krI[ gRMQ swihb ky nwmO kw koS qQw tIkw BI, Alp rhy pRmySr ikrpw sy pUrn
sMiKAw sihq pRkwiSq hoNgy[”1
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw krn dI rIiq gurbwxI dI rcnw dy nwl hI pRwrMB ho geI sI[ gurU gRMQ
swihb ivc dyKx ivc AwauNdw hY ik gurbwxI, gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw krdI hY[ gurU swihb Awpxy smyN
’qy gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw vI krdy rhy hn[ gurbwxI dw tIkw krn dI prMprw BweI gurdws Aqy soFI
imhrvwn qoN c`l peI sI[ pr bwAd ivc keI tIkwkwrW ny lkIr ip`tx dy isvw hor iksy pRkwr dy gux
nhIN ivKwey[ keI vwr ArQW dw AnrQ vI vyiKAw igAw hY[ pr ies p`KoN nroqm ny bVI swvDwnI nwl
Awpxy tIky ilKy hn, ijnHW dIAW auQwinkw, sMpRdwqw, ivcwr inSTqw bhu gXqw Awid ivSySqwvW hn[2
ivAwiKAw- pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm ‘gurmiq inrxX swgr’ ivc ilKdy hn ik ijs bwxI dw
ArQ nw hovy AYsI bwxI pVHn dw kI lwB hY, ijvyN byVI nUM c`pU nw hovy, aus byVI ’qy cVHnw vI kI jo swgr
qoN pwr nhIN lgw skdI[3 pMifq qwrw isMG dI ivAwiKAwkwrI Awp jI dI mwrimkqw Aqy ivSyS idRStI
krky AiqAMq mh`qvpUrn hY[ nroqm jI dy jIvn dw mu`K mnorQ gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw krnw sI[
AMgryz ivdvwn trMp duAwrw gurbwxI dI kIqI ASu`D ivAwiKAw qoN nroqm jI ûS nhIN hoey blik mn dy
ivc gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw krn dw sMklp Dwrx kIqw qW ik gurbwxI dI shI Aqy spSt ivAwiKAw ho
sky[ nroqm gurbwxI pRqI vI suihrvwdI phuMc ApxwauNdw hY[ jdoN auh gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dI g`l
krdw hY Aqy gurbwxI dI tIkwkwrI dw ivroD krn vwilAW dw ivroD krdw hY[ ie`Qy hI bs nhIN aus ny
trMp v`loN kIqI gurbwxI ivAwiKAw nUM gurbwxI dy ArQ dy AnrQ krnw ikhw hY[
nroqm Anuswr SbdwrQ hI tIkw ivAwiKAw nhIN huMdw blik tIkw dw audyS Sbd dw BwvwrQ
pRgt krnw huMdw hY[ gurmiq inrxX swgr ivc tIkwvW do qrHW dIAW drsweIAW geIAW hn[ iek
ipMjkw, dUjI AipMjkw[ gurbwxI dy swry pdW dI ivAwiKAw nUM ipMjkw ikhw igAw hY Aqy AipMjkw qoN Bwv
hY ik kuJ ku ih`sy dI kIqI geI ivAwiKAw[ ieh A`goN do pRkwr dIAW khIAW geIAW hn[ iek Avqrx
vwlIAW, dUjI pRqIk vwlIAW[4
1
gur qIrQ sMgRih, pMnw 337, 338.
gurdIp isMG drSn kysrI, mhMq, gurmq inrxX swgr dI smIiKSwqmk BUimkw, pMnw 22.
-SmSyr isMG ASok, pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm, gurmq inrxX swgr, pMnw 35.
3
ijs bwxI dw ArQ nw jwpy iqs bwxI dw pVnw ikXw[
ijs byVI nUM vMJ n c`pw iqs byVI dw cVnw ikAw[ gurmq inrxX swgr, pMnw 35.
4
tIkw nwm eyk pd kw dUsry pdoN sy ArQ AO qwqprX kw hY[ so jo do pRkwr kI hov[y eyk ipMjkw eyk AipMjkw[ gRMQ ky srb pdoN ko
ipMjkw khy hY[ khIN khIN bXwKXw ko AipMjkw khy hY[ vh dono Awgy do do pRkwr kI hovy hovy[ eyk Avqrx vwlI dUsrI pRqIk vwlI[
Avqrx vwlI my Avqrx nwm auQwinkw kw hY[
2
92
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm ny Cy pRkwr dIAW tIkwvW dw vrxn kIqw hY1. pd-Cyd 2. pdwrQ-aukqI 3. ivgRh 4. vwk-Xojnw 5. AwpyK 6. smwDwn
nroqm dw ieh vrgIkrx pRwcIn gRMQW dy pRIpyK ivc kIqw igAw hY[ pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm
ijQy gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw krn nUM kihMdy hn auQy bwxI dy Su`D pwT au~qy vI bhuq zor idMdy hn[ nroqm
Anuswr gurbwxI dw Su`D pwT hoxw cwhIdw hY[ gurbwxI dy ArQ krny jW ivAwiKAw krnI siqgur pRQwey
swfI iek izMmyvwrI hY[
tIkw sRI rwg : ‘tIkw sRI rwg’ ivAwiKAw dw sB qoN suMdr rUp hY[ ies ivc nroqm ny mh`qvpUrn BUimkw
ilKI hY[ jo tIky dIAW ivSySqwvW hoxIAW cwhIdIAW hn, aunHW dw auulyK kIqw igAw hY[ tIky ivc pRSnoqRI
SYlI nUM ApxwieAw igAw hY[ tIky dI ivAwiKAw krdy hoey nroqm ny purwixk pirpyK ivc pUjw bwry
ivSvws, gurU dI vifAweI, ivSnUM nUM gurU nwnk dyv jI dw gurU is`D krnw, mUrqI pUjw dw KMfn, BgqI
igAwn Awid bwry crcw kIqI hY[
tIkw sRI rwg sMmq nwnkSwhI 430 sMn 1855 eI. sMmq 1942 ivc SRImwn mhMq swDU isMG jI
pitAwlw invwsI qoN AwgXw lY ky rwey munSI gulwb isMG AYNf snz ny mu&Id Awm pRYs lwhOr qoN CpvwieAw[
tIkw sRI rwg dy AwrMB ivc bwrHW ku si&AW dI pRBwvSwlI BUimkw AMikq kIqI geI hY, ijs
ivc nroqm ny BgqI mwrg, gurU dI aupmw, tIky dI mh`qqw SbdwrQ, Bwv-ArQ, nwm dI vifAweI,
prmwqmw bwry igAwn, ivSnU dy srUp dI jwxkwrI, gurU nwnk dyv jI dy gurU, vrgy mh`qvpUrn iviSAW
sMbMDI jwxkwrI pRsquq kIqI geI hY[ ies tIky dy kul 460 s&y hn[ tIkw sRI rwg dw qqkrw vI AMikq
kIqw igAw hY[
tIkw sRI rwg ivc nroqm ieh ivcwr ivAkq krdw hY ik bwxI dw is`Dw ArQ krnw hI
auicq hY[ jo ik Sbd dI SkqI qoN hI pRqIq ho jWdw hY[ tIkw AYsw hoxw cwhIdw hY ijs nwl mUl dw Bwv
nwS nw hovy[ nroqm ieh vI ilKdw hY ik jykr is`Dw ArQ krn qoN auicq mqlb pRwpq nw hovy qW BwvArQ krnw auicq hY[ prMqU nroqm Bwv-ArQ dI loV smJdw hY[ pihloN A`KrW dw ArQ hovy, Pyr aus
dw Bwv-ArQ tIkw hoxw cwhIdw hY, iehI swr hY[ nroqm dw mu`K audyS Bwv-ArQ krnw hY[1
nroqm ieh vI ilKdw hY ik keI vwr tyFw ArQ vI krnw pYNdw hY[ ieQy trMp dw nW ivSyS
qOr ’qy ilAw igAw hY[ trMp dI tIkwkwrI qoN nroqm ûS nhIN hoieAw blik ilKdw hY ik trMp gurbwxI
dy ArQ krn lìgAW iQVk igAw hY, “jYsy sRI rwg myN pihly Sbd ky qrzmy my moqIXoN ko eINt Aru
Agr cMdn ko cUny kI ilpweI kI jgh ilKqw hY ArnYst trMp AMgRyz iqslw ikauNik ausny ilKw hY eINt
kI jgy jykr moqIXoN sy mMdr auswry rqnoN sy aus kw jVwaU hovy[ ksqUrI kuMgU Agr cMdn sy vhu lIpy jwvy[
qb AYsy mMdroN ko dyK kr mY mq Bul jwvW[ Buly hUey ko nwm nw icq Awvy[ so aus kw Xh ArQ nhIN aus
kw ArQ AYsy hY[ eINt p`Qr sy cUnw lgw kr mMdr ausry[ Ar klI kw lyp kr iqn myN sÍrx ko pwxI swQ
moqI q rqnI hoh jVwau hovy[ Ar AYsy mMdr mYN bYTny vwly muJ ko ksqUrI kuMgU Agr cMdn kw lyp srIr
myN lgwvny hyq Awvy cwau[ Awpxy icq kI KuSI Anuswr qo BI mY Bul nw jwvw[”2
“bwxI kw isDw ArQ krnw hI swr hY[ so Sbd kI SkqI sy pRqIq hovy hY[ jo AOr ibRqIXoN sy pRqIq hovy so swr nhIN[ ies ilXy
bhuq lok qrjmwn v tIkw vYsI krqy hYN[ ijn my kyvl mUl pwToN ky dUsry nwm hI AwvyN[ mUl kw Bwv nwS hI hovy[ prMqU Xh rIq
BlI nhIN kwhy qy jykr sIDw ArQ krnw hI swr hovy[ qb jo lok sMsikRq myN BwvwrQ krqy hY[ Ar pwrsI myN murwdI mwXny krqy hYN
so nw krny hoNgy AOr kry hYN[ Xwqy jhW sIDw sMBvy sIDw kry jhW sIDy sy vkqw kw bWiCq ArQ nw inkly qhW prmwrQ tIkw hY[
sXwxy purKoN ky pdoN ky ArQ kw lwB aus sy BI nhIN hovy[ kwhy qy prmwrQ BwvwrQ kw nwm hY[ Bwv ArQ my AKrwrQ hovy nhIN
cwhIXy pihly AKroN kw ArQ Xwqy auqy tIkw swr hY[”tIkw sRI rwg, auQwnkw, pMnw 7.
2
-auhI-, pMnw 6.
1
93
bwxI BgqW stIk : pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm dI pRbl ie`Cw sI ik gurbwxI dw sMpUrn tIkw iqAwr kIqw
jwvy[ prMqU aunHW dI ieh kwmnw pUrn nw ho skI[ bwxI BgqW stIk ivc pMifq jI ny BgqW dI bwxI dy
nwl-nwl bwbw &rId jI dI bwxI nUM vI ilAw hY[ ies tIkw dI rcnw sMmq nwnkSwhI 429 nUM hoeI hY[
ies gRMQ nUM vI rwie swihb munSI gulwb isMG AYNf sMnz ny lwhOr pRY~s qoN CwipAw hY[ ies dy do Bwg
hn[ pihly Bwg dy kul s&y 466 hn Aqy dUsry Bwg dy 520 s&y hn[ ienHW dovW BwgW dy 986 s&y hn[
ies tIky ivc nroqm ny iek BulyKw pwaU sQwpnw ieh kIqI hY ik jo Bgq bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc
drj hoeI hY, auh Awpxy AslI srUp ivc nhIN blik gurU Arjn dyv jI ny BgqW dy Bwv nUM mu`K r`K ky
Awp Awpxy v`loN aunHW dy nwm ’qy rcI hY[ AYsy ivcwr gurmiq inrxX swgr ivc vI ivAkq kIqy gey
hn[ ienHW nwl sihmq nhIN hoieAw jw skdw[ AYsy ivcwr pRdwn krky nroqm ny gurbwxI Aqy Bgq
bwxI ivc v`Krqw sQwipq kIqI hY[ fw. rqn isMG j`gI, gurU gRMQ ivSv koS dy s&w 316 ’qy ieh ivcwr
ivAkq krdy hn ik ‘BgqW dI bwxI’ gurU Arjn jI qk ikvyN phuMcI ? ies sMbMDI cwr sMkyq imldy
hn, 1. BweI gurdws jI dI pihlI vwr (32) ijs ivc iliKAw hY ik gurU nwnk dyv jI audwsIAW dOrwn
Awpxy kol iek ikqwb/poQI r`Kdy sn-Awsw hiQ ikqwb kiC kUjw bWg muslw DwrI[ sMBv hY ies ivc
aunHW BgqW dI bwxI vI sMkilq hovy jo audwsIAW dOrwn gurU jI nUM imldy rhy sn[ auh poQI auqroqrI
gurg`dI pws cldI AweI hovy[ 2. purwqn jnm swKI (swKI 57) Anuswr gurU nwnk dyv jI ny gurU AMgd
dyv nUM gurg`dI dyx smyN jo bwxI dI poQI (‘so poQI jubwin gurU AMgd jog imlI’) idqI sI, aus ivc BgqW
dI bwxI sMkilq hox dI sMBwvnw ho skdI hY[ ies q`Q dI siQqI vI pihly q`Q Anuswr hY[ 3. goieMdvwl
vwlIAW poQIAW ivc Bgq bwxI sMkilq hY[ mu`K qOr ’qy jYdyv, rivdws, kbIr, nwmdyv, iqRlocn, sYx,
BIKn Awid[ 4. gurU Arjn dyv jI ny Awpxy swDnW rwhIN vI Bgq bwxI iek`TI krvweI sI[
ieh g`l ivvwdpUrx hY ik gurU Arjn dyv jI ny Bgq bwxI nUM ieMn-ibMn Swiml kIqw jW aus
dw ivDIvq sMpwdn kIqw[ ies sMbMDI iek g`l iblkul spSt hY ik gurU Arjn dyv ny kyvl ausy Bgq
bwxI nUM gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Swiml kIqw jo srUp Bwvnw idRStI p`KoN gurbwxI nwl myl KWdI sI, ijQy
ikqy koeI AMqr nzr AwieAw, auQy gurU swihb ny gurmiq AwSw spSt kridAW Awpxw jW iksy hor gurU dw
slok jW Sbd, it`pxI vjoN AMikq kr id`qw[ Aijhw krn nwl Bwvnw sMbMDI smwnqw kwiem rih skI[1
iesy tIky ivc nroqm ny iek hor SMkw auqpMn kIqw hY ik lwhOr dy cwr Bgq C`jU, kwnHW, Swh
husYn, pIlU ienHW dI bwxI nUM gurU jI ny pRvwn nhIN kIqw ikauNik aunHW ny gurU dy snmuK gurU jI dI aupmw
nhIN kIqI sI[ blik AwpxI bwxI suxweI[ ies leI aunHW dI rcnw pRvwn nhIN kIqI geI[2
gurU Arjn dyv jI ny Dwrimk sMkIrxqw qoN aupr auTdy hoey swry DrmW dy au~c ivcwrW nUM auhI
QW id`qI hY jo aunHW dy Awpxy Drm ivc hY[ au~cI Aqy nIvIN jwq dy BgqW dI bwxI nUM imlwauxw hI gurU
gRMQ swihb dI ivSwl mhwnqw hY[
sRI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc gurU Arjn dyv jI dI ieqnI rcnw hY, aunHW nUM BgqW dI bwxI dy nW ’qy
bwxI rcnw krn dI kI loV sI[ jykr gurU swihb jI cwhuMdy qW hor bwxI dI rcnw kr skdy sn[
pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm ny BgqW dI sgux Aqy inrgux ivcwrDwrw nUM swhmxy r`K ky BgqW dI
bwxI dI ivsiqRq ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ ij`QoN qk ho sikAw hY ienHW ny do-do Aqy ikqy-ikqy iqMn qrHW dI
ivAwiKAw kr ky Bgq dy Bwv dI puStI kIqI hY[
1
2
rqn isMG j`gI, gurU gRMQ ivSv koS, Bwg dUjw, pMnw 316
hrjIq kOr mdwn, pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm : gurbwxI mulWkx , inrml sMpRdwie, pMnw 368.
94
tIkw guru Bwv dIipkw : pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm ny inrmly ivdvwnW ivcoN gurmuKI A`KrW dw pRXog krdy
hoey jpujI dw sB qoN pihlW tIkw iqAwr kIqw[ mu`K pMny ’qy tIky dw AwrMB dsW gurUAW dI ausqq, gurU
gRMQ swihb Aqy Awpxy ividAw-gurU pMifq gulwb isMG dI mihmw iek kib`q rwhIN ilKI geI hY[ ies dw
rcnw kwl sMn 1881 eI. hY[ BweI hIrw isMG KusnvIs dmdmw swihb vwlw ies dw ilKwrI hY[ ies dy
kul 272 s&y hn[ swrI CpweI ilQogRw&I dI hY igAwrW si&AW dI BUimkw jpujI Aqy Sbd hzwry sMbMDI
ilKI hY[ rihrws Aqy soihlw bwxI dy ArQ is`Dy kIqy gey hn[ gurU nwnk dyv jI dy Avqwr sMbMDI sMKyp
pr Bwv pUrq ivcwr drswey gey hn[
guru Bwv dIipkw ivc nroqm ny ds gurU swihbwn dI ausqq kIqI hY[ ies qoN ielwvw < dI
aupmw kIqI geI hY[ ies dy nwl hI gurU gRMQ swihb Aqy pMQ dI ausqq kIqI geI hY[1
nroqm dI tIkwkwrI dw idRStIkox AdÍYqvwdI hY[ jpujI dy pihly slok dI ivsqwr sihq
ivAwiKAw kIqI geI hY[ nroqm ny ivAwiKAw ivc ivSnUM dw ivSyS qOr ’qy vrxn kIqw hY[ nroqm ’qy
purwixk ivcwrDwrw dw fUMGw Asr idKweI idMdw hY[ Awpxy ivcwrW dI puStI leI BwrqI prMprw nUM
ApxwieAw igAw hY[ QW-QW ’qy vydWq, nXwX, vydW, SwsqrW dw Awsrw lY ky audwhrxW id`qIAW geIAw
hn[
jpujI dI ivAwiKAw ivc nroqm ny inimq aupwdwn kwrx, ikRiqm AikRqm rUp, kwrx-Akwrx
srUp inKyD vcnW Aqy qtsQ lCxW rwhIN jpujI dI ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[2
tIkw guru Bwv dIipkw ivc vI nroqm ny jpujI dy pRwrMB ivc AMikq mUl mMqr nUM gurU nwnk dyv
jI ikRq svIkwr krn dI bjwey ivSnU dI ikRq mMinAw hY[ ies pRkwr nroqm gurU swihb dI ikRq nUM vydW
dy qul mMndw hY[ fw. rqn isMG j`gI ies kQn dI ivAwiKAw krdy hoey ilKdy hn ik ies pRkwr nroqm
ny gurU gRMQ swihb nUM vydW qoN au~pr mh`qqw id`qI hY[ ikauNik vyd bRhmw dy aucwry hoey mMny jWdy hn Aqy
jpu dw mMqR ivSnU duAwrw mMn ky aus ny bRhmw nwloN sRySt dyv nwl sMbMiDq kIqw hY[3
BwvyN kuJ vI hovy nroqm dIAW AYsIAW sQwpnwvW nwl tIky dw mh`qv Gtdw hY Aqy pwTkW ivc
lokipRXqw GtI hY[ ijnHW pwTkW leI tIkw kIqw igAw hY aunHW dy ieSt gurU sMbMDI Aqy bwxI nUM ivSnUM
nwl joVnw ieh pRvwn krnw pwTkW leI AsihxSIl hY[
nroqm dI tIkwkwrI dI SYlI lgpg swry tIikAW ivc ieko ijhI hY[
inSkrS : pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw Bwv-ArQ rUp ivc kIqI hY[ ikqy-ikqy
SbdwrQ nUM vI ApxwieAw igAw hY[ nroqm ny ivsiqRq rUp ivc ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ nroqm kol igAwn
dw BMfwr hY[ AwpxI ivdvqw dI Cwp auh QW pur QW C`fdw hY[ ies leI hr iek gihr gMBIr mu`dy nUM
auTwauNdw hY[ keI vwr nroqm SMky nivrq krdw-krdw aunHW ivc Awp jI guAwc jWdw hY[ nroqm kol
ijqnw igAwn sI aus dy Anuswr auh gurbwxI ivAwiKAw nUM suKYn Aqy srl bxwaux ivc s&l nw ho
1
svvy isD buD inXq inrivkwr rUp inrjur inrIh inrdos inrwkwr hY[ Ajy AibnwsI Awid AKMq sy ivhIn rUp AlK Apwr
pwr iniSl pswr hY[ eyk rUp eyk joiq eyk suS, eyk auq, eyk inDw, eyk dyv, eyk eykMkwr hY[ vwhI inj AwX sy pswr jIq, qIn
rUp Dwr ky bhwXo igrwsr auNkwr hY[
guru Bwv dIipkw, pMnw 2.
qwhI aupdys kI pRkws puNj gRMQ gurU boiDk iqRkWnn mY Bgiq gXwn Aiq hI[
swDn smUh Aor moh mwsq sMmq eIis Bkiq gurU Aikq swsqR mn sqeI[
mwnus jnm dulMB sm jIvn mY pwie mq Syvo mn lwie jq kq hI[
eyk eIs dso gur bwrey gRMQ pMQ qYQoN ivSyS bMdy sBI dwX giq kI[ -auhI-, pMnw 4, 5.
2
hrjIq kOr mdwn, pMifq qwrw isMG nroqm : gurbwxI mulWkx , inrml sMpRdwie, pMnw 367.
3
qwrw isMG nroqm, gurmq inrxX swgr, pMnw 19 (BUimkw).
95
sikAw[ blik nroqm dI tIkwkwrI kyvl igAwnvwn pwTkW qk hI sIimq ho ky rih geI[ gurbwxI dI
ivAwiKAw leI aunHW ny pOrwixk gRMQW dw shwrw ilAw hY[ nroqm ny Awpxy tIikAW ivc BgqI, igAwn,
mukqI, bRhm, isRStI rcnw jIv Awqmw bwry jwxkwrI pRdwn kIqI hY[
pMifq qwrw isMG jI dw kwrj BulwieAw nhIN jw skdw[ jo cmqkwrI ivAwiKAw pMifq jI ny
ApxweI ausdI Swn inrwlI hY[ Awp jI ny s^q imhnq krky gurmq gRMQW dI rcnw duAwrw swihq Kyqr
ivc ivSyS sQwn pRwpq kIqw hY[
pusqk sUcI
1. suirMdr isMG Syrig`l, pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm jIvn qy rcnw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw,
1985.
2. kwnH isMG nwBw, BweI, mhwn koS, BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, pitAwlw, 1990 (pMjvIN vwr).
3. qwrw isMG nroqm, gurmq inrxX swgr, sRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw, knKl hirduAwr, 1979 (dUjI
vwr).
4. -auhI-, gur qIrQ sMgRih, sRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw, knKl hirduAwr, 1975 (dUjI vwr).
5. -auhI-, guru Bwv dIipkw, dIvwn bUtw isMG, lwhOr, 1881.
6. -auhI-, tIkw sRI rwg, munSI gulwb AYNf snz, lwhOr, 1882.
7. -auhI-, bwxI BgqW stIk, munSI gulwb AYNf snz, lwhOr, 1882
8. -auhI-, guru igrwrQ koS, munSI gulwb AYNf snz, lwhOr, Bwg-I, 1882, Bwg-II, 1896.
9. pRIqm isMG (sMpwdk), inrml sMpRdwie, gurU nwnk AiDAYn ivBwg, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI,
AMimRqsr.
96
inrmly sMqW dI sMsikRq swihqX nUM dyn
zYl isMG SwsqrI*1
mwirAw iskw jgiq ivic nwnk inrml pMQu clwieAw]
DMn DMn SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy pg-icMnHW ’qy clx vwly Apwr jn SrDwlUAW dw sMpRdweI nwm
inrml pMQ hY[ inrml ByK dI pRwrMBqw swihb SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI qoN hoeI[ SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy
lgwey hoey ies pOdy nUM swry hI gurU sihbwn ny isMicAw[ SRI gurU Arjn dyv jI dy smyN inrml pMQ sUrj
dI qrHW Awpxy pRkwS duAwrw ivSv nUM pRkwiSq kr irhw sI, aunHW dy smyN inrml pMQ dI pRisDI bhuq
vyKx ivc AwauNdI hYgur Arjn jih bYT kr bWDI bIV su gRMQ[
jih pRswd sB jgq myN clhY inrml pMQ[
SRI gurU Arjn dyv jI dI hzUrI ivc mQrw B`t js vrxn krdw hoieAw kihMdw hYinrml ByK Apwr qwsu ibnu Avru n koeI] (pMnw 1409)
ivAwkrx Anuswr inrml dw ArQ hY inrgq: ml: XsX s inrml ijs ivcoN ml (pwp
pRivRqI) inkl cukI hY so suD hY, ijs qrHW sonw AgnI dy sMXog nwl SuD ho jWdw hY, ausy qrHW hI jo gurU
aupdyS, syvw, ismrn, sq-sMgiq duAwrw SuD ho cu`kw hY, ijs dI AividAw rUpI ml dw nws ho cu`kw hY,
ausnUM inrml AwKdy hn[
BweI kwnH isMG jI nwBw ny mhwn koS ivc ies qrHW iliKAw hY : inrml- mYl rihq, pRkwS
aujwlw, rOSn, klMk rihq, sRyStwcwrI inrvYr, AividAw mYl qoN rihq[ inrml Drm- Kwils Drm,
isK Drm[ inrml pMQ- isK sMpRdwX ‘Aihinis nvqn inrmlw mYlw kbhUM n hoie]’
ies bwry siqgurU jI &rmwauNdy hn ‘nwnk sMq inrml Bey ijn min visAw soie]’
(pMnw 297)
sMsikRq ivc ividvwnW ny
nwMmyn X: swDugxo icqyn dDwËXsOinm~lqw< guxyn[
gu{pdyS-põiq}©
iq}© do†o ivrjqy inm~l sMpõdwX:[[
wX:[[
swihb SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ijQy dyS vwsIAW auqy Anyk aupkwr kIqy hn, auQy ividAw
duAwrw vI swnUM cwnx kIqw[ ividAw dy pRcwr pRswr vwsqy iek v`Krw ivBwg sQwipq kr idqw hY[ gurU
jI sMswr ivc srv pdwrQW qoN ividAw nUM auqm mMndy sn[
ivdvwnW dw pihl dy AwDwr ’qy siqkwr krdy sn[ gurU jI dy drbwr ivc 52 kvIAW dw hoxw
pRisD hY pr 52 hI ikauN gurU jI dI hzUrI ivc sMsikRq, bRj, &wrsI, ArbI Aqy pMjwbI Awidk BwSwvW
dy Anyk kvI, vwriqkkwr, Anuvwdk, ilKwrI, swihqkwr Aqy kQwkwr invws rKdy sn[ srb smrQ
gurU jI swry is`KW nUM sMsikRq ividAw vI bKS skdy sn pr siqgurU jI ny swihb SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy
lwey hoey bUty nUM ipauNd kIqI ik inrml ByK bKiSS kIqw[ pMj is`KW dI cox krky aunHW dy nwm lY ky nwl
pukwirAw* inrmlw AKwVw mhMq mUl isMG (rij.), K2/1, sMq AYvIinaU, jI. tI. rof, AimRqsr-143006.
Pon : 94172-73070, 094121-57698
97
gur pWc isMG cux lIey[ gMfw isMG, krm isMG jIey]
vIr imrgyS, rwm isMG sYxw, ien pWcoN ko ipK buDI AYnw]
aunHW nUM kKwey vsqr dy ky kwSI ivc sMsikRq BwSw vyd, vydWg, drSn, simRqIAW, purwxW Awid
dw AiDAYn krky Agy ividAw nUM pRcwrn dI AwigAw kIqI[ ieh pMjy- sMq krm isMG, sMq rwm isMG,
sMq gMfw isMG, sMq bIr isMG Aqy sMq sYxw isMG nUM Awpxw AwSIrvwd dy ky ByijAwjwE ! myry lwl pwl krhY Akwl QwrI, swrI suK sMpdw mYN vwrI isr Qwry pY[
kwm kRoD loB qÎwg swg pwq Kwie bh, bt hUM kI CwXw AQw suMny Gr Fwry pY[
bRhmcwrI rIiq joeI hoeI ivpRIq soeI, soeI Ab pRgtI Xo dys ies swry pY[
vrx qumwry Ab AwSRm sMnÎws BXo, lXo hY ArUj pd aUc cMd qwry pY[
inrmly sMqW ny Anyk kiTnweIAW dw swhmxw kridAW hoieAW vI siqgurU jI dy AwSIrvwd
sdkw bhuq hI Gt smyN ivc swrI ividAw pRwpq kr leI[
ienHW inrmly sMqW nUM Kwlsw pMQ swjn qoN 13 vrS pihlW 1686 eI. nUM pwauNtw swihb qoN cox
krky kwSI nUM ByijAw sI[ jd sMn 1699 eI. nUM inrmly mhwpurK vwps Awey qW Kwlsw pMQ dI isrjnw
ho cu`kI sI[
gurU jI dy crnW ivc sRI AnMdpur puj ky pMjy inrmly sMqW ny pRsMn muK siqgur jI nUM fMfvq
pRxwm krky hyT ilKI ausqqI sMsikRq slokW ivc aucwrn kIqISu©wX bu©wX
©wX inr<jnwX s<swrmwXwpirvij~qwX[
wX[
s<icNqnwX ávH÷id iáQqwX
iáQqwX goibNdis<
goibNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[1[
nmoáËvjwX[1[
AwDwX cwNËXwX
cwNËXwX c mÍXgwX AwŃqhInwX inr<kuSwX[
wX[
ÈXoiqááv}pwX SuBpõdwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[2[
nmoáËvjwX[2[
AwidËXv<SwX pur<drwX s<swrswrwX
wrswrwX ávX< põBwX[
wX[
rËXwidhInw
rËXwidhInwX jnipõXwX goivNds<
goivNds<hwX nmoáËvjwX
nmoáËvjwX[3[
vjwX[3[
vydwNqvy´wX mhyÜvrwX so·
so·h< áv}pwX jnyÜvrwX [
Sy†widgIqwX
widgIqwX k÷
k÷qwiKlwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[4[
nmoáËvjwX[4[
icÇCiÂ}pwX mnormwX s<swrvwrwiniDqwrxwX[
AwnNdkNdwX Su
SuicpõBwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[5[
nmoáËvjwX[5[
kYvØXBuqwX prwËprwX Bo^XwX BogwX BvwBvwX[
põHøwdis<
wdis<hwX suK<krwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[6[
nmoáËvjwX[6[
qwrwX pwrwX
pwrwX prwXxwX kwlwX pwlwX jgi©qwX[
jgi©qwX[
SwNqwX kwNqwX nmo<qkwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[7[
nmoáËvjwX[7[
sw<$XwidqËvpõivvyckwX vYku<TnwQwX rmwrmwX[
‰OqwX sËXwX su
sudYiSkwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[8[
nmoáËvjwX[8[
pMjW sMqW dI iek svr sWsikRqmeI ausqqI sun kr gurU jI bhuq pRsMn hoey[ gurU jI nUM pRsMn
muK dyK kr pMjW sMqW ny Awpxy AMdr dI ie`Cw nUM pRgt kIqw Aqy ikhw ik gurU jI AsIN Awp jI dw
AimRq pwn krnw cwhuMdy hW, ieh sux ky gurU jI hor vI pRsMn ho gey[
BweI dieAw isMG jI ipAwry Aqy BweI Drm isMG jI ipAwry duAwrw pMjW sMqW ny AimRq pwn
kIqw[ aus smyN ivdvwn nwm-AiBAwsI ismrn vwly pwvn pivqR sRySt jIvn vwly hox krky pMjW sMqW nUM
KuSIAW bKSIAW[ smyN-smyN ’qy gurU jI ny inrmly sMqW nUM AnykW bKiSSW bKSIAW, ijs qrHW iek vwrI
dsm siqgurU jI ny SRI AnMdpur dy swry fyirAW dy lMgrW dI pRIiKAw vwsqy Bgvy vsqr pihn ky, gwqI
lw ky h`Q ivc ic`pI PV ky, swDU dw rUp Dwrn kIqw[ swry lMgrW ivc jw ky Bojn Ckx dI mMg kIqI[
98
lMgrW vwilAW ny jvwb idMidAW, iksy AwiKAw lMgr iqAwr nhIN hoieAw, iksy AwiKAw lMgr vrq cukw
hY, iksy AwiKAw lMgr iqAwr krn ivc smW lgygw[ ies qrHW siqgurU jI sB dI pRIiKAw krdy hoey,
BweI nMd lwl jI dy lMgr ivc pujy[ lMgr Agy r`K ky h`Q joV ky ikhw mhwrwj ! ieh cIz iqAwr hY,
Awp prvwn kro[ siqgurU sux ky Aiq pRsMn hoey[ &rmwieAw ‘BweI nMd lwl jI dI syvw s&l hY[ jo kuJ
lMgr ivc iqAwr hY, auh BweI jI vloN hwizr hY[ DMn is`KI !’ ies qrHW lMgrW dI prK krky, BweI nMd
lwl jI nUM KuSIAW bKS ky, BgvyN vsqR auqwr ky inrmly sMqW nUM bKS idqy Aqy AwiKAw, ‘ienHW vsqRW dy
AiDkwrI inrmly sMq sn[’ sMgq Aqy lMgrW vwilAW nUM iPr pqw lgw ik BgvyN vsqRW vwlw swDU qW
vwsqv ivc siqgurU jI sn[
aus smyN gurU jI ny inrmly sMqW nUM 10 pRmuK bKiSSW kIqIAW, ijnHW dw ig. blvMq isMG jI ny
‘sRI inrml pMQ boD’ pMnw 17 ’qy ivsqwr nwl kQn kIqw hY[
AnMdpur dI DrqI ’qy hI siqgurU jI ny inrmly sMqW dy bwry ieMJ ikhwinrml pdvI swDU vyS, bKiSE gurU ijE ieny ivSyS[
inrml pur iehu sh inrmly, hr gur Bgq ivrkq iprimly[
sB ky mnn pUjn Xog, pMQ inrmlw ieh mm hog[
Bjn rq igAwn iDAwn jo krq hyry[
vcn gurU jI tyry, AY hY myry inrmly[ (ig. igAwn isMG, pMQ pRkwS)
siqgurU jI aus smyN ies qrHW pRsMn hoey ik ijvyN iksy mW dy do jdoN pu`qr ausdy swhmxy KVy huMdy
hn qW mW Awpxy pu`qrW dI joVI nUM dyK ky pRsMn huMdI hY, iesy qrHW hI gurU jI Awpxy donoN pRkwr dy iSSW nUM
dyK ky pRsMn ho rhy hn, ijQy SsqrDwrI Xu`D ivc kuSl hn, auQy inrmly sMq Swsqr ividAw ivc pRvIn
hn[ ijs dy bwry pMifq gulwb isMG jI moKS pMQ pRkwS ivc ilKdy hnsRI gurU goibMd isMG jI pUrx hrI Avqwr[
rcXo pMQ Bv mY pRgt do ibiD ko ivsqwr[
eykn ky kr KVg dY, Bujbl bhu ivsqwr[
pwln BUmI ko krXo duStn mUl auKwr[
AOrn kI ipK ivml miq, kIno prm ivvyk[
inrmly BwKy jgq iqh, hyrY bRhm ju eyk[
igAwnI igAwn isMG jI ilKdy hnis`K dÍY ibiD siB iqn ky KIey[ eyk igRhsQI qXwgI bIey[
gRyhI kyvl is`K ibdqwey[ qXwgI is`K inrmly gwey] (pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 2785)
ies qrHW siqgurU jI ny AnykW bKiSSW bKSIAW[ sMqW nUM Drm pRcwr, ividAw pRcwr Aqy
AimRq sMcwr krn dI syvw vI inrmly mhwpurKW nUM bKSI[ Kwlsw pMQ dI isrjnw Aqy inrml pMQ dI
isrjnw ’qy gurU jI pRsMn hoey Kwlsw &wrsI dw Sbd hY jo gurU jI dy kQn AnuswrKwls qwhy inKwls jwno
qoN spSt huMdw hY Aqy inrml sMsikRq dw Sbd hY, BwSw Byd krky do Sbd pRqIq huMdy hn,
vwsqv ivc ArQ ieko hY[
gurU jI ny mukiq-Bugiq, SkqI-BgqI, dyg-qyZ, igAwn-ivigAwn, Awqm igAwn, bRhm
ividAw sB kuJ pRsMnqw pUrvk pMQ nUM bKiSAw Aqy &rmwieAw ik mYN Awpxy is`KW dI ikRpw nwl mwx
siqkwr Dn sMpqI SkqI ivjY ividAw gux igAwn pRwpq kIqw hY[
99
ieh gurU jI dI inmrqw dI sImw hY[ gurU jI AwpxI pivqr klm duAwrw ilKdy hnienhI ky pRswid suividAw leI, ienhI ikRpw sy sB SqüR mry[
ienhI kI ikRpw ky sjy hm hY, nih mo so grIb kror pry]
(pw: 10vIN, Kwlsw mihmw)
gurU jI dy ies kQn qoN vI is`D ho igAw ik inrml pMQ Aqy Kwlsw pMQ iek rUp iek joiq
hY[ ieh vI is`D ho igAw, gurU jI ny Swsqr Aqy Ssqr dI ieko ijhI zrUrq smJdy sn[ Bwv inrml
pMQ is`K pMQ dw pRmuK AMg hY[ ies swry kQn nUM s. SmSyr isMG jI ASok pROVHqw sihq spSt krdy
hn“inrmly swDUAW dy BgvyN jW ic`ty Bys nUM dyK ky iksy qrHW dI nukqwcInI krnI munwisb nhIN
jwpdI Aqy aunHW dw ieh ByK AsUlI qOr auqy inMdx Xog nhIN mMinAW jw skdw[ SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny
isK Drm pRcwr isr& pMjwb qk hI sIimq nhIN sI rKxw, ies leI inrmly sMqW nUM AqIq Bys Dwrn
dI KulH dy ky aunHW ny isMGW dy bnwrsoN pVHn qoN bwAd dyS dy hryk ielwky ivc ByijAw’’
(inrml sMpRdwie, sMpw. pRo. pRIqm isMG, pMnw 145)
pRo. ipAwrw isMG jI pdm dw kQn vI ivcwrn Xog hY, “inrmly iks iksm dy is`K imSnrI
sn jo kyswDwrI ho ky Awpxw ivl`Kx sQwn bxwauNdy gey[ dUjy SbdW ivc ienHW ny is`KI dw hI pRcwr nhIN
kIqw blik gurU goibMd isMG jI dy KwlsweI AwdrSW nUM pRcwr ky isMG mq dw pRswr kIqw Aqy nwl hI
purwqn Swsqr pRxwlI Anuswr gurmiq isDWq dI vifAweI drsw ky pMifqgx ivc Awpxw is`kw
jmwieAw[” (isK sMpRdwvlI, pMnw 61)
inrml ByK dy mhwpurKW ny Bwrq ivc Awpxw ivSyS siqkwrq sQwn bxwieAw hY jo Drm
sMcwr, AimRq sMcwr, ividAw pVHn pVHwaux dw kwrj gurU goibMd isMG jI ny inrml ByK nUM sONipAw hY[
aus ’qy inrml ByK hr qrHW pihrw dy irhw hY[
inrml ByK dy mhwprKW ny bRj, swDBwSw, pMjwbI, ihMdI, KVI bolI Aqy sMsikRq ivc iBMn-iBMn
iviSAW aupr Anyk gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI[ ivSy Anuswr AsIN ieQy kyvl sMsikRq ivc inrmly mhwpurKW
vloN kIqI swihq syvw dw vrxn krWgy[
pMjW sMqW dy AnMdpur phuMcx ’qy siqgur jI ny ijs vwsqy pMjW sMqW nUM pVHn ByijAw sI, auh
hux ruK PlIBUq ho ky PlW dw rs AwnMdpur qoN hI cKwaux l`gw, ijQy gMgw Xmnw dw pRvwh AwnMdpur ivc
cl irhw sI, auQy hux nwl hI srsvqI dy imlx nwl sMgm dw rUp Dwrn kr igAw[ ijs qrHW srsvqI
mwnw ipMf qoN pRgt ho ky AlknMdw dy ivc jw ky gupq ho jWdI hY[ iPr pRXwg ivc Aw ky pRgt hoeI, iesy
qrHW hI kwSI qoN Aw ky srsvqI AwnMdpur siqgur jI ny pRgt kr idqI[ ie`Qy ividAw dw pRvwh c`lx
lgw, pMifq BweI gMfw isMG jI mhW Bwrq dI kQw sunwaux l`gy[ ieMj jwpdw sI ik (Drm) krm Awp
Kud syvw dw rUp Dwrn krky KVw hovy[ ies dw ieh pRBwv hoieAw ik is`KW ny AwpxIAW jwnW dI pRvwh nw
krky Awpxy Drm nUM AwpxI jwn qoN vI ipAwrw smJ ky Drm dI Kwiqr AwpxIAW jwnW kurbwn kr
idqIAW[ pMifq BweI rwm isMG jI rwmwiex dI kQw krn l`gy[ ijvyN BgqI Bwgvq purwx dy Anuswr
virMdwvn dy iv`c Aw ky ibrD qoN jvwn ho geI sI[ pr auQy auh duKI rihMdI sI ikauNik ausdy puqr
igAwn Aqy vYrwg ibrD sn[ aunHW nUM dyK-dyK ky auh duKI huMdI rihMdI sI[ pr SRI AwnMdpur swihb dy
ivc BgqI Awpxy jvwn pu`qrW nUM dyK krky iksy vI pRkwr dy Sok qoN rihq pRsMn mudrw dy ivc idKweI
idMdI sI[ ijs dw pRmwx hY ik swry hI SrDwlU Awpxy jIvn dIAW swrIAW kwmnwvW Cf krky Awpxy gurU
gurU goibMd isMG jI dy crnW ivc bYT krky kyvl Awpxy mn dy ivc iehI ie`Cw rKdy sn ik hmySw swnUM
100
Awp jI dy crnW ivc invws imly[ ies pRkwr BgqW dI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy pRqI AnnX BgqI sI[ jo
iksy pRkwr dI kwmnw qoN rihq sI[ pMifq krm isMG jI ny aupinSdW dI kQw krnI SurU kIqI[ aus smyN
jo sMswrI jIvW dy ihrdy ivc AigAwn dw AMDyrw CwieAw hoieAw sI, ijs kwrn jIv iek dUsry dy nwl
vYr ivroD, rwg dÍYS rKdy sn, ausdy nwS hox dw pRmwx hY BweI A`fx Swh jI, ijnHW nUM aus igAwn dy
pRkwS duAwrw Awpxy duSmxW dy AMdr Aqy Awpxy imqrW dy ivc iek hI mwqr swihb SRI gurU goibMd isMG
jI dy drSn ho rhy sn, ijs dw is`K ieiqhws pRmwx hY[
bRhmu dIsY bRhmu suxIAY eyku eyku vKwxIAY ]
Awqm pswrw krxhwrw pRB ibnw nhI jwxIAY ]
igAwn dw sdkw aunHW nUM ies pRkwr dI idRStI pRwpq hoeI[
pRXwg rwg ivc qW ijvyN gMgw-Xmnw-srsvqI vKro-vKrI idsdI hY pr iml ky iek ho
jWdIAW hn, pr AwnMdpur ivc ies qrHW pRqIq huMdw sI ik iqMnW dw Awpxw-Awpxw v`Krw-v`Krw rUp
spSt nzr AwauNdw sI Aqy spSt krm-BgqI-igAwn iekdm iqMnW dy ivSy spSt sI[ iksy nUM iksy
vI ivSy ’qy Brm nhIN irhw[ jo jIv ijs-ijs vsqU dw AiDkwrI sI, auh auhI-auhI pRwpq krky Awpxy
mwrg ’qy inrsMkoc c`lx vwsqy Agrsr ho igAw[ ieMj jwpdw sI ik ijvyN sMswr auqy kwlI Gtw vwlw
b`dl Brm rUp ivc CwieAw sI[ auh hnHyrI dy Awaux nwl ijvyN auf jWdw hY, iesy qrHW hI jo lok Brm
BulyiKAW ivc pey sn, swirAW dy BulyiKAW dw nws ho igAw Aqy swirAW nUM sw& AiDAwqm dw mwrg
spSt nzr Awaux lgw[ ies pRXwg ivc ieSnwn krky hzwrW l`KW hI jIvW ny Awpxw jIvn s&l
kIqw[ gurU jI dI AwigAw nwl ieQy hI sMqW ny gRMQW dy tIky, Anuvwd SurU kIqy[
1. pMifq s`dw isMG jI ny gurU goibMd isMG jI qoN kyvl 59 swl mgroN sMmq 1824 ib. ivc AdÍYq is`DI dw
sugmswr cMidRkw tIkw kIqw hY[ pMifq s`dw isMG jI sMsikRq dy DurMDr ivdvwn sn[
2. pMifq inhwl isMG jI kwSI vwilAW ny gurU goibMd isMG jI qoN 87 swl mgroN ib. 1852 ivc sMsikRq
ivc jpujI swihb dw tIkw kIqw[
3. pMifq eISvr isMG jI kwSI vwilAW ny vwihgurU mMqRwrQ sMsikRq dw ApUrv gRMQ iliKAw jo bWby mSIn
pRYs lwhOr ivc 1910 ib. nUM pRkwiSq hoieAw sI[ hux ies gRMQ nUM igAwnI blvMq isMG jI koTw gurU ny
sMpwdn krky pRkwiSq kIqw hY[
4. pMifq goibMd isMG jI kwSI vwilAW ny nXwX mukqwvlI sMsikRq dI Aqy vydWq pirBwSw dw ihMdI ivc
tIky kIqy hn[ vydWq pirBwSw 1979 ib. ivc lkSmI vyNktySÍr kilAwx bMbeI qoN pRkwiSq hoeI[ Awp
jI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy AnnX Bgq sn[ vydWq pirBwSw ivc 8 pirSyd hn Aqy ienHW ny A`TW hI
pirSydW dy AwrMB ivc SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dw mMgl kIqwkuv~q: sËk÷iq<
q< sNq: s<ámriNq
mriNq XmÛXXm`[
Xyn kynwimDwnyn vNó
vNó·sO nwnkogu{:[[
SÑd mwn< smuËs÷ÈX nwihq
nwihq XZ põv~qnw[
nw[
mu$Xqo·
Xqo·prmwnwnw< myXo·
o·sO nwnkogu{:[[
vYrwg Sqk aupr vI Awp jI ny itpxI kIqI Aqy ‘ieiqhws gurU Kwlsw’ (ihMdI) ApUrv gRMQ
iliKAw[
5. pMifq guridq isMG jI ny (a) gurU qyg bhwdr jI dy nOvyN mhly dy SlokW dw sMsikRq Anuvwd ‘sRI gurU
igrw rupWqr’ nwmk kwvX gRMQ ivc kIqw, XQwpWc qq ko qnu ricE jwnhu cqur sujwn]
101
ijh qy aupijE nwnkw lIn qwih mY mwnu]
sMsikRq rUp
hyiSàX jwnIih pivZ iS@w< pcYv BUqwnI SrIr hyqu:[
[[
Xq: sm÷ËpNn mdo·
mdo·Nq kwly qZYv lIn BvqIq sËXm`[[
ieh gRMQ 1916 eI. ivc lwhOr ipRitMg vrks lwhOr qoN CipAw hY[
(A) vydWq isDWq mukqwvlI dw ihMdI ivc tIkw kIqw hY[
(e) nYSkrm is`DI (vydWq dw purwqn gRMQ) jo AwdX SMkrwcwrX dy iSS surySvrwcwrX ny iliKAw hY[
aus dw tIkw 1925 eI. ivc bWby mSIn pRYs lwhOr qoN CipAw hY[
(s) gurU nwnk Astk Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI Astk sMsikRq ivc 3 hor lGU gRMQ hn[
6. pMifq buD isMG jI (cMdr isMG jI) ny qrk sMgRih dw pdikRqX tIkw sMsikRq ivc iliKAw hY[ jo
cMdr isMG dy tIky dy nwm nwl pRis`D hY[ ies gRMQ ivc do drSnW dw sumyl hY[ ies gRMQ dw AiDAYn
krn vwlw ividAwrQI do drSnW ivc Xogqw pRwpq kr jWdw hY[ nXwX Aqy ivSySk ivc pMifq jI gRMQ
dw mMgl ies pRkwr krdy hn‰Igxy
‰IgxyS< nmák÷ËX pwv~qIS|`kr< prm`[
mXw cNdõjis<
hn
y ikõXqy pdk÷ËXkm`[[
[[
is<hy
Xámwiddmh< mNXy bwlwnwmupkwrkm`[
qámwi©qkr< vw#X< vÂÛX< ivdu†w sdw[[
sdw[[
aunHW dy nwm nUM Awm AwdmI nhIN smJ skdw[ aunHW ny Awpxy nwm nUM ivdvqw pUrvk Awpxy
ipqw dy nwm dy nwl joV idqw ‘cMdRsX jwq: cMdrj’ cMdr isMG dw pu`qr cMdrj ieh aunHW dI ivdvqw dI
mhwnqw hY[
7. suAwmI pRym isMG jI irSIkyS JwVI vwilAW ny gurU aupmw ivc 3 sqoqR- 1. vwihgurU mMqr sqoqR 2. gurU
squqI dSkm 3. sRI gurU squiqswr sqoqRm, sMsikRq ivc ilKy hn[ inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw knKl ivc
rihrws dI Ardws auprMq jo slok boly jWdy hn, ieh suAwmI pRym isMG jI dy aucwrn kIqy hn[
sRI vwihgrU mMqrsqoqrm
™Ëvw ªwdS
ªwdS vŸ~ mNZ mQn< vwkwr vŸ~SuBm`[
D÷Ëvw †ofS vŸ~ mNZmQn< ™Ëvw hvŸ~Êc qO[]
qO[]
myilËvw suKd< sqw< iZBuvny vwhyiq inàpwidqm`[
mNZw©~ mnsw
mnsw jpiNq h÷dXy Xy qy n s<swirŸ:]]2]]
wirŸ:]]2]]
goiv<d< hirnwm pwvn qr
qrç
&Ty c D÷ËvwXq:[
çë&Ty
vwXq:[
s<swrwŸ~v pwrqIr gmn|`kuv~iNq svy~ qq:
qq:]]
go vŸ~ kui†q
†qÊc rw@r
rw@r SuB<
B< rwmáX Dwmwiddm`[
AwnIq< gu{Ÿwpõ
[[3[[
Ÿwpõmod
od Bvn< rwmw$X mNZáX vY[[3[[
háv< modkr< p÷†odrgŸy sUËv< ih k÷Ëvw SuBm`[
myilËvw Xmlok mocn kr< }p< gu}< swiDqm`[
qYv~ŸY~ j~pqw< ih gwFqmsW mwq~
mwq~&f qIbõ: k÷q:[
:[
hwnO vwhgu}» sv~Pldo no vw·
vw·áX quØXo·
Xo·pr:[
pr:[
102
gurU squiq dSkm
k÷qy G÷Ëvw vY Xo·
Xo·ClXq bil< vwmn qnum`[
dSwáXNZyqwXw< skul mvDId`XohI k÷pXw[
Xw[
AQo k<s< hËvw idvmgmXd`ªwpr Xugy[
mhwSwNq<
[[1]]
mhwSwNq< vNdy jin m÷iq hrNnwnk gu{m`[[1]]
g÷hIËvw nwrwc< Xvn kulhNqw gu} rho[
rho[
ávDm~ svy~†wmkQXq iSàXY: pirv÷q:[
:[
k÷qw: kItw:
kItw: is<hw Buvn ividqw Xyn viln:[
viln:[
sugoibNd< is<hÊjinm÷iq hré
hréOim iSrsw[[10[[
iSrsw[[10[[
sRI gurU squiqswr sqoqrm
Xo vNdw: Klu
Klu pwpwnwSn pro
pro ÍXyXo jnY: sv~dw[
w[
ÜlwÍXo
ÜlwÍXo vY Buivpi&fqY» suKdo DIdo†hw
DIdo†hw Dm~d:[[
:[[
BÂwnwmip
[
BÂwnwmip vwiÇCqwidPld: ‰©wvqw< DImqwm
vNdyq< gu} nwnkwid ricq< gRNQ<
NQ< pr< pwvnm`
[[2[[
pwvnm`[[2[[
Xo mwXw Bv bIj Bj~n kro dwqw c n: sMpdwm`[
muFwnwmip
wnwmip boDkwrk pr: kwmw
kwmwid ináqj~k:[
:[
X< ‰u
Ëvw mnsw
‰uËvw
mnsw lByq kuSlo mohwid hwn< prm`[
vNdy q< gu{ nwnkwid ricq< gRNQ< pr< pwvnm`[[3[[
[[3[[
ijs nUM SRImwn 108 mhMq Awqmw isMG jI inrml AwSrm irSIkyS vwilAW ny CwipAw Aqy iesy
sQwn dy vrqmwn mhwpurS sMq bwbw rwm isMG jI jo syvw ismrn siqsMg duAwrw praupkwr dy kwrj
duAwrw sMgq nUM pRBU dy nwl joVdy hn Aqy sMq bwbw joD isMG jI mhwrwj ijhVy hmySw syvw ismrn
sqsMg Aqy praupkwr dy kMm krdy hn, ijnHW dy syvw praupkwr dw Awkwr inrml AwSrm dIAW Anyk
syvwvW jo ByK Aqy smwj nUM dy rhy hn[
8. pMifq hrI isMG jI kwSI vwilAW ny ‘gurU isDWq pwirjwq’ ds gurUAW Aqy gurmiq isDWq bwry gRMQ
iliKAw hY[
X¬ bRHÓ põxvwËmk< k÷qXugy sw©w~iZmwZwËmk<, ZyqwXw<
c Xugy qdyv smB÷d` vydZXI}pD÷k [ BU
BUXo·
o·BUq` c purwxmwrqvpu
wxmwrqvpur`,
ÛXwswd` Xugy ªwpry, qõd`< ‰IgõNQvpur` guro: kiljno©wrwX iqàXy Xugy[[1[
9. pMifq inhwl isMG jI ipMf Qohw Kwlsw ny sMsikRq ivc Kwlsw Sqk ApUrv gRMQ iliKAw ijs dI
AsIN crcw SwsqRwrQ pRkrn ivc krWgy[
10. pMifq qwrw isMG jI qrnqwrn vwilAW ny ‘mUmuKSU boDn’ gRMQ iliKAw[
11. iek gRMQ ‘gurU nwnk rqnwkr’ 1933 eI. ivc gutky dy Awkwr ivc pRkwiSq hoieAw hY[ ijs ivc
dyS dy ivdvwnW audwsIAW pMifqW dy Anyk sqoqR hn pr inrml ByK dy mhwpurKW dy bhuq igxqI ivc
sqoqR AStk AMikq hn, ijs ivc gurU nwnk dyv jI qoN gurU goibMd isMG jI qk dUsry swry swihbwnW dy
Aqy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI, sRI hirmMdr swihb, sRI AMimRqsr swihb dI ausqqI ivc ikMny hI sqoqR
AMikq hn[ ijnHW qoN inrmly mhwpurKW dI ivdvqw BgqI Aqy pRym dw pqw lgdw hY[
103
12. pMifq kOr isMG jI ny pMjwb qoN bwhr gurmiq dI ivSySqw drswaux vwsqy ‘gurU kOmudI’ nwmk
sMsikRq gRMQ iliKAw hY[
13. svwmI mMgl hrI jI (ivr`kq) ny pMcmwSrm nwm dw gRMQ iliKAw[
pUjX svwmI jI ny swihb sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy bKiSS kIqy hoey AwSIrvwd jo gurU goibMd
isMG jI ny idqw sI ik inrmly sMq Agy cl ky bRwhmxW nUM ividAw pVHwauxgy[ aus nUM inrmly sMqW ny
smyN-smyN isr pUrw kIqw[ ijsdI audwhrn svwmI mMgl hrI jI hn jo dws dy Kwndwn ivcoN pVdwdw jI
lgdy sn[ ijnHW pwsoN AnykW hI bRhmxW ny AnX mq dy ivdvwnW ny ividAw pRwpq kIqI[ ijs qrHW ivSv
iviKAwq ivr`kq SRomxI svwmI vwmdyv jI ny pUjX svwmI jI ny aunHW dI mMflI ivc rih krky aunHW koloN
ividAw AiDAYn kIqw[ aunHW pwsoN hI inrml ByK BUSx vrqmwn sRI mhMq pMifq igAwn dyv isMG jI
vydWqwcwrX jI ny ividAw pRwpq kIqI[ dws dy ividAw gurU SRomxI suvwmI rvIpurI monI jI mhwrwj Aqy
jgnnwQ purI dy vrqmwn SMkrwcwrX pUjX svwmI insclwnMd jI Awid AnykW ivdvwnW ny vI aunHW koloN
hI ividAw pRwpq kIqI[ svwmI mMgl hrI jI dy inmn gRMQ dws nUM ibMRdwbn dy iek fMfI suAwmI kYvilAw
nMd jI qoN pRwpq hoey- (a) pMcm AwSrm (A) svrwjX isDI (e) mUrqI pUjw[
suAwmI vwmdyv jI ny iek lyK ivc iliKAw hY suAwmI mMgl hrI jI dIAW inmniliKq
swihqXk rcnwvW sna) bRhm AiBAws sMsikRq Slok vwlw
A) pYNqIs AKrI kivqw mUl tIkw dyvnwgrI
e) pMcm AwSrm sMsikRq BwSw tIkw
s) svrwjX isDI BwSw tIkw ihMdI
h) ivvykvqI BwSw tIkw
k) gIqw BwS tIkw ihMdI
jgq gurU SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dI Apwr bKiSSW dw BMfwr pRwpq inrml pMQ dy krm XogI
sMq purKW ny kihxI, krnI, kQnI dy sumyl nUM swKSwq ikirAwqimk kr ivKwieAw hY[ syvw ismrn ivc
rMgy, jq sq vwly, sMqoKI, gurU inScw AwigAwkwrI, gurbwxI/gurmiq, gurieiqhws dy DurMDr igAwqw,
gurduvwirAW dI kwr syvw, pRbMD ivc mohrI inpuMn, pMQ dyS dI rwjnIqI ivc inpuMn, SRomxI gurduAwrw
pRbMDk kmytI dy mohrI Ahudydwr, AkwlI lihr vyly sWq ic`q jylHW ktx vwly, qyg dy DnI, dyS syvw ivc
mohrI, ShIdW dI kqwr ivc l`gx vwly swihqk syvw ivc sB qoN A`vl, inrmly sMqW ny Awpxy mnohr
bcnW rwhIN kQw viKAwnW rwhIN smwj AMdr PYlIAW kurIqIAW nUM dUr krdy hoey Awp ies imiQAw sMswr
qoN ivrkq rih ky sMswr qoN ivr`kq rih ky sMswr dw smwj dw pd drSn bxy[ auQy siqgur gurU goibMd
isMG jI mhwrwj jI dy ivSyS vrdwn duAwrw sMsikRq BwSI vyd vydWg, drSn, purwxW, simRqIAW dw au~c
kotI dw AiDAYn krky pRkWf pMifqW dI mohrI SRMKlw ivc sQwn bxwieAw[
siqgurU nwnk dyv jI qoN lY ky SRI klgIDr dsmyS jI qk Aqy klXug ivc SwKswq siqgurU
SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw aupdyS sMsikRq BwSw, gurmuKI ilpI rwhIN swry sMswr ivc phuMcwieAw Aqy
ivSyS krky hor AnX mqW dy ivdvwnW nwl au~c kotI dy SwsqRwrQ krky ivjY pRwpq kIqI Aqy hryk
goStI crcw ivc siqgurW dy aupdyS nUM srvoprI kQn kIqw[ ies qrHW inrml pMQ dy ienHW mhwn
ivdvwnW dI SRMKlw bhuq lMmI hY, ijnHW ny SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI qoN lY ky SRI klgIDr dSmyS Aqy sRI gurU
gRMQ swihb jI dy mhwn eISvrI aupdySW dw DÍj SwsqRwrQ duAwrw swry sMswr AMdr bulMd kIqw[ pRmuK
SwsqRwrQ krn vwly sqpurKW dI SRMKlw ies qrHW hY-
104
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
sRImwn
sRImwn
sRImwn
sRImwn
sRImwn
sRImwn
sRImwn
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
pMifq sdw isMG jI kwSI vwly
pMifq dIvwn isMG jI TIkrIvwl vwly
pMifq Twkr inhwl isMG jI Xog Kwlsw vwly
pMifq eISr isMG jI bwVIAW klW vwly
pMifq mhysrw isMG jI
pMifq igAwnI igAwn isMG jI mhwrwj brnwly vwly mhwn ieiqhwskwr
sMq mhW kvI igAwnI sMqoK isMG jI kvyNdr
1. SRImwn 108 pMifq sdw isMG jI kwSI vwly ‘SwsqRwrQ nryS’ivAwkrx, nXwX, vydWq sMsikRq dy pRkWf ivdvwn BwvyN Qwnysr (kurukSyqr) kYQl ivc vI bhuq hoey hn
prMqU kwSI ivc pRwcIn smyN qoN nXwX, vydWq, sMsikRq BwSI ivdvwnW dw sQwn srvoprI hY[ kwSI ivc
cyqn m`T pMjwbI inrmly sqpurKW dw pRisD muK sQwn hY jo sMsikRq BwSI ividAw dw kyNdr hY[
kwSI ivc sRI svwmI pMifq sdw isMG jI Awpxy smyN dy gurbwxI/gurmiq/gurieiqhws,
ivAwkrx, nXwX, vydWq dy ApUrv ivdvwn sn[ iek vyr iek idg ivjeI pMifq ny kwSI dy ivdvwnW nUM
SwsqRwrQ krn vwsqy vMgwirAw[ kwSI dy swry ivdvwnW ny iek iek`T krky sB dI rwie mMgI[ swry
ivdvwn iek`T ivc SWq icq bYTy rhy[ Aksmwq sRI svwmI sdw isMG jI ny sBw ivc auT ky aus idg
ivjeI pMifq dI vMgwr nUM svIkwr kIqw[ SwsqRwrQ AwrMB hoieAw[ svwmI sdw isMG jI ny Anyk
pRmwxW/idRStwqW duAwrw ivjY pRwpq kIqI[ swrI kwSI ivc pMifq sdw isMG jI dI jY jY/Xs ho igAw[
svwmI jI nUM snmwinq krn dw PYslw hoieAw[ ivcwr ivmrS qoN bwAd inrnX hoieAw ik pMifq jI dI
SuB rwie leI jwvy ik aunHW nUM iks aupwDI (snmwn) nwl ivBUiSq kIqw jwvy[ svwmI jI ny AwpxI
qIkSx buDI duAwrw dMfI pd dI Xwcnw kIqI[ (dMfI dw ArQ hY qwkqvr sotI vwlw) ies qrHW svwmI jI
dy Anuswr aunHW nUM dMfI snmwn nwl ivBUiSq kIqw igAw[ kwSI ivKy pMifq sdw isMG SwsqRwQwcwrX
pRisD hoey[ pMifq jI ny 1776 eI. ivc ‘AdÍYq isDI’ dI ‘sugmswr cMdRkw’ tIkw kIqw hY jo vydWq dw
ApUrv gRMQ hY[
2. sRImwn 108 pMifq dIvwn isMG jImhwrwStr dy nwisk Sihr ivKy godwvrI ndI dI inrmwx Dwrw dy q`t aupr kuswvRq srovr siQq hY Aqy
nwl hI qRXMbkySvr joiqRilMg mMdr suBwiemwn hY[ hr kuMB prv aupr ies kuswvRq srovr ivc ieSnwn
Aqy joiqRilMg mMdr ivKy drSn pUjw hI kuMB prv dw muK mhwqm hY[ ies mMdr ivc drSn pUjw vyly hr
Bgq AxsIqy rySmI vsqR pihn ky jWdw hY ieh auQoN dw ivDwn hY inXm hY[
jgq gurU SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy aupdyS, Drm, bwxI dy pRcwr ihq srb Bwrq Aqy sMswr
AMdr Brmx krky siqgurU jI dw swijAw inrml pMQ sRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw knKl hrIduAwr dI
srpRsqI hyT pihlI vyr sMmq ibkRmI 1919 (sMn 1862 eI.) ivc nwisk ivKy kuMB prv ’qy nwm bwxI dy
pRcwr vwsqy pMjwh dy krIb sMsikRq vydWq gurmiq gurbwxI dy DurMDr ivdvwn inrmly mhWpurKW ny bVI
sj-Dj nwl pRvyS kIqw[
sRI mwn pMifq rwm isMG jI kubyrIey dI AiDAkSqw hyT kuswvRq srovr ivKy ieSnwn qoN
bwAd sRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw sqpurKW smyq mhWdyv joiqRilMg mMdr ivKy pUjw Arcnw nUM phuMicAw
prMqU auQoN dy pujwrI pMifqW ny ieh kih ky rok idqw ik nwnk pMQI m`q koeI ivdvwn nhIN hY Aqy jwqI
Byd nUM vI nhIN mMndw Aqy ies qoN pihlW kdI pUjw vwsqy ieh pMQ nhIN phuMicAw, ies krky pUjw
105
Arcnw nhIN kr skdy[ inrmly sMq mhwqmw Aqy pujwrI bRwhmxW ivc kS mkS ho geI, bs Pyr kI sI,
swry myly ivKy ieh ^br PYl geI, rOlw pY igAw[ v`fy-v`fy ivdvwn bRwhmx pujwrI Aqy pRbMDk mylw
A&sr BwrI n&rI smyq phuMc igAw[ mylw A&sr nwl ivcwr qoN bwAd inrmly sMqW mhwqmw AwiKAw
sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI mhwrwj pUrn eISvr Avqwr sn[ auh isRStI dy auDwr ihq pRgt hoey sn Aqy
aunHW dy hI pwvn aupdySW nUM inrmlw pMQ srv Bwrq ivc BRmx krky pRcwr kr irhw hY[ vyd SwsqRW,
purwxW, aupinSdW dw siqkwr Aqy pRcwr AqI auqm rIqI duAwrw mohrI SRMKlw ivc kr irhw hY[ prMqU sRI
gurU nwnk dyv jI dI eISvrI bwxI swfw eISt hY jykr iksy pujwrI bRwhmx nUM AwpxI ivdvqw aupr
AiBmwn hY qW ienHW swry bYTy inrmly mhwpurKW ivcoN iksy iek mhwqmw nwl ivcwr/SwsqRwrQ kr skdw
hY[
bRwhmx pujwrI vrg Aqy mylw A&sr sihmq ho gey[ pMdrW-pMdrW mhwqmw dI ivcwr ih`q
sihmqI hoeI[ inrmly sqpurKW ny ikhw AsIN Awpxy iksy sMq nUM SwsqRwrQ vwsqy nIXq nhIN krWgy[
pujwrI swfy ivcoN iksy vI sMq aupr h`Q r`Kxgy auho hI mhwpurK ivcwr krygw[ ienHW pMdrW sqpurKW
ivc sB qoN ipCy swdI ijhI vys-BUSw ivc sRI mwn pMifq dIvwn isMG jI mhwrwj bYTy sn[ pMifqW soicAw
jo pMjwbI swDU ipCy bYTy hn, swDwrn hI lgdy hn, aunHW aupr h`Q rK ky ikhw ieh mhWpurK goStI
krn[ mylw A&sr dI Aqy dohW pwisAW dI sihmqI nwl smW nIXq hoieAw[
SwsqRwrQ smyN Agly idn rwjy mhwrwjy ivdvwn pMifq Aqy inrmly sqpurKW dI sBw lg geI[
BwrI iek`T hoieAw[ sRImwn pMifq dIvwn isMG jI auTy Aqy Syr dI grjxw duAwrw sMsikRq BwSw ivc
viKAwn AwrMB kIqw Aqy ikhw ik sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI mhwrwj sÍY eISvr Avqwr sn[
dUsry purwxW dy ivc AvqwrW dIAW kQwvW hn[ ies krky gurU jI dy AvqwrW dI kQw purwxW dy
ivc hY[ SRImd Bwgvq dy pihly skMd ivc gurU nwnk dw kljug AMdr Avqwr hoxw iliKAw hY[
AQwsOXugsNÍXwXw<
rwjsu[
sNÍXwXw< dáXu
dáXupwR †urwjsu
jinqwivàŸuXsonwmówkiØkj~
kiØkj~gËpiq:[[1[[
Ëpiq:[[1[[
buD Avqwr qoN bwAd jug dI sMDI kwl ivc rwjw lok jdoN vrn AwSrmW dI mirXwdw nUM C`f
cuky sn[ aus smyN jgq pqI pRmwqmw nwnk rUp Avqwr Dwrn krky kljug dy doSW nUM dUr krn aupdyS
krngy[
kly
Skwly kØ#XvqwreiqiáQiq:[
kly: sNÍXw<Skwl
Skw
kØ#XvqwreiqiáQiq:[
klyr<qy MlyÇCgŸnwSk:
CgŸnwSk: s BivàXiq[[1[[
BivàXiq[[1[[
BivSq purwx dy ivc vI gurU nwnk dy Avqwr hox dI kQw hY jo hyT ilKI hY :
bõHÓwŸ<jnk:põwH sNdyhomymhwnBUq`[
klOlokw
klOlokw BivàXiNq durwcwrw:supwipn:[[2[[
wipn:[[2[[
inàk÷
inàk÷iqÜc kQ< qy†w< nrkwNmyvd põBo[[3[[
o[[3[[
iek vwr jnk jI ny bRhmw jI koloN puiCAw ik swnUM iek bhuq v`fI SMkw ho rhI hY[ auh ieh
kljug dy lok bhuq durwcwrI hoxgy[ aunHW dw nrkW qoN Cutkwrw iks qrHW hovygw ? ikRpw krky Awp jI
dso[
jnkáX vc:‰uË<vw bõHÓw põovwc swdr<[
Œ÷Ÿurwjn`kQw<idÛXw< kilpwppõŸwiSnIm`[[4[[
[[4[[
jnk jI dI ieh g`l suxky bRhmw jI bVy siqkwr nwl boly hy rwjn ! kljug dy pwpW dw nwS
krn vwlI idvX kQw hY[ aus nUM qusIN suxo[
pUv~ dõÃ<u ivàŸulok< vYku&Tw$X< gq< mXw[
mXw[
106
iv&Ÿu
:skwSwdwÜcÖX~ rwjNnyqNmXw ‰uqm`[[5[[
[[5[[
iv&Ÿu:skwSwdwÜcÖX~
bRhmw jI kihx l`gy hy rwjn ! iek vwrI mYN ivSnUM dy drSn krn leI bYkuMT Dwm igAw sI,
auQy ivSnUM ny jo Ascrj mYnUM suxwieAw, aus nUM qusIN suxo[
ivàŸolo~kymhwpõzo rwzwqZiáQqymiX[
iX[
áquËvwMbrI†:ppõ
[[6[[
vwMbrI†:ppõÇC ivàŸuswiNnÍXg:põBum`[[6[[
ivSnUM lok ivc mYN ivSnUM dy kol bYTw sI[ ieqny nUM mhwn buDImwn AMbrIS rwjw auQy AwieAw
Aqy squqI krky ivSnUM koloN pu`Cx lgw[
ivàŸu
lokvwisnwmXw[
ivàŸum~hw$Xwn<
w$Xwn<‰uq< BUlokvwisnwmXw[
lokvwisnwmXw
qZwvqwrw bhuSywmwiXnáËvyvDwirqw:[[7[[
Dwirqw:[[7[[
rwjw AMbrIS ny ivSnUM nUM ikhw ik BUlok vwsIAW dy kQn qoN mYnUM pqw lgw hY ik qusIN BUlok dy
ivc bhuq swry Avqwr Dwrn kIqy hn[
nwmwvqwrÜc‰uq: kdwXwáXiqqªd[
kdwXwáXiqqªd[
eiqp÷Ãomhw ivàŸuiv~
iv~háXw
[[8[[
áXwhwMbrI†km`
XwhwMbrI†km`[[8[[
aunHW dy ivcoN nwmw Avqwr vI iek hY[ aus nUM qusIN kdoN Dwrn krogy ? jdoN AMbrIS rwjw ny
ies qrHW puiCAw, aus smyN ivSnUM ny hs ky AMbrIS nUM ikhw[
rwj†y~Ëv<ipõXqmo mmBi
mmBiÂprwXŸ<:[
Aq:Œ÷ŸukQw<idÛXw< kQXwimqvipõXwm`[[9][
[[9][
[[9
hy rwjirSI ! qusI myry AnnX Bgq ho[ ies vwsqy mYN quhwnUM iek idvX kQw suxwauNdw hW[
gqycqu:sháZwÑdy rwjNX<cSqyqQw[
Qw[
klOsNqiÎq
[[10[[
klOsNqiÎqky
Îqkycwip durwcwr: põvq~qy[[10[[
hy rwjn ! jdoN ik cwr hzwr pMj sO swl kljug dy bIq jwxgy, aus smyN lok AiqAMq durcwrI
hoxgy[
qdwnwmwvqwromy pw<cwly
cwlyXwáX
wáXiqDõuv<[
kildo†hqzwnlokáXo©wrhy
[[11[[
kildo†hqzwnlokáXo©wrhyqvy[[11[[
aus smyN pMjwb nwm dy pRWq ivc myrw nwm Avqwr hovygw[ ijhVw klXug dy doSW kwrn, ijnHW
dw igAwn nSt ho igAw sI, AYsy pRwxIAW dy auDwr vwsqy aunHW nUM nwm jpweygw[
@iZXáXkulyBUËvw
Ëvw nwnwkyiqnwmq:[
qnwmq:[
loks<r@ŸwQw~XvâXyis©pQ<n÷Ÿwm`
Ÿwm`[[12[[
[[12[[
sUrXvMSI KqRIAW dy Gr dy ivc nwnk nwm dw purS Avqwr Dwrn krky sMswr dy jIvW nUM isDw
mwrg dsygw[
iSàXw:põwpXiN
pXiNnqpdvI mmÍXwnprwXŸw:[
mmÍXwnprwXŸw:[
em<nwmwvqwr< my ivi©ivàŸu
prwXŸm`[[13[[
[[13[[
ivi©ivàŸuprwXŸm`
jo iSS lok myry AnnX Bgq hoxgy, auh mokS rUpI pdvI nUM pRwpq hoxgy[ ausnUM qusIN myrw nwm
Avqwr jwxo[
mwmy
mwmyvmnswÍXwËvw mwgwimàXiNqcwÛXX<
mwgwimàXiNqcwÛXX<[
qáXmwg~põvâXiNq sompwn: sdYvqy[[14[[
[[14[[
myrw hI iDAwn krn vwly myry AivnwSI srUp nUM pRwpq hoxgy[ myry hI mwrg nUM kihxgy Aqy
sdw hI nwm rUpI AMimRq dw pwn krngy[
mËX~loky vidàXiNq qy BÂwÜc mXwsh[
mXwsh[
eiqnwmwvqwráX
eiqnwmwvqwráX kiQqwqy
kiQqwqykQwSuBw[[15[[
w[[15[[
107
Bgvwn jI kihMdy hn imRqU lok dy ivc myry Bgq nwm dy mhwqm nUM kihxgy[ hy rwjn ! ieh
nwm Avqwr dI SuB kQw mYN quhwnUM suxweI hY[
BivS purwx dy vwikAW qoN vI gurU nwnk jI dy Avqwr dI is`DI huMdI hY[ gurU nwnk dyv jI dy
Avqwr hox dy ivc koeI sMdyh nhIN[
XíªmuiqmËsäv< ‰ImdUij~qmyv vw[
vw[
qÁdyvwgÇCËv< mmqyjo<SsMBvm`
SsMBvm`[[1[[
[[1[[
Bgvwn ikRSn ny gIqw (simRqI) dy ivc ikhw hY jo pRwxI ivBUqI vwlw hY, jo AYSvrXw vwlw hY,
SoBw vwlw hY Aqy bl vwlw hY sMswr ivc auqpMn huMdw hY[ aus nUM myry hI qyj dy AMS qoN auqpMn hoieAw
jwxo[
Xdw Xdw ih Dm~áX ^lwinB~viq Bwrq[
wrq[
AÒXuËQwnmDm~áX qdwËmwn< s÷jwMXHm`[[2[[
[[2[[
pirZwxwX
pirZwxwX swDUnw< ivnwSwX c duàk÷qw<[
Dm~s<áQwpnwQw~X sMBvwim Xu
y[[3[[
Xugygy Xugyg[[3[[
jdoN-jdoN vI Drm dI hwnI huMdI hY Aqy ADrm vDdw hY, aus smyN mYN swDUAW dI riKAw, duStW
dy nwS Aqy Drm dI mirXwdw nUM siQr krn vwsqy jugW-jugW ivc Avqwr lYNdw hW[ ienHW gIqw dy
vwikAW qoN swbq huMdw hY ik prmySur dy Avqwr AnMq hoey hn Aqy AnMq hoxgy[
ijs qrHW SRI rwm cMdr Aqy SRI ikRSn dy ivc AvqwrW dy lCx Gtdy hn, ausy qrHW hI gurU
nwnk dyv jI dy ivc vI Gtdy hnAviq ávBÂwn`
ávBÂwn` duÃyÒXo r@iq[
r@iq[
s<swrswgrwq` qwrXqIiqAvqwr:[[1[[
qwrXqIiqAvqwr:[[1[[
‘Aviq’ mwAny Awpxy BgqW dI duStW qoN rkSw krdw hY Aqy jo Awpxy BgqW nUM sMswr smuMdr
qoN qwr idMdw hY, ausy dw nwm Avqwr hY[
swrI isRStI dy kilAwx vwsqy siqgurU jI ny swry sMswr dw BRmx kIqw[ ibnw jwqI vrx Byd dy
sMswr dI mnuKqw nUM eISvr pRBU dw AMs ikRq mMndy hoey aupdyS kIqw Ar smwj ivc AweIAW kurIqIAW nUM
dUr krn dw aupdyS kIqw[
pMifq dIvwn isMG jI ny vydW, SwsqrW, purwxW, aupinSdW, simRqIAW, rwmwiex, gIqw,
mhwBwrq dy Anyk pRmwxW/idRStwqW smyq ieSt gurU SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI mhwrwj (Awip nrwiexu klw
Dwir jg mih prvirXau, joiq rUip hir Awip gurU nwnku khwXau) dy pMQ inrmly dI jY jY kwr krweI[
DMn hn DMn hn inrmly mhwpurK, Twkr dIvwn isMG jI dI DunI swry kuMB myly aupr gUMj geI Aqy iesy
qrHW bRwhmx pujwrIAW dy KoKly krm-kWfW dw KMfn krky SRI gurU nwnk dyv dy aupdyS nUM srvoprI is`D
kIqw Aqy ikhw ik mMdr dy AMdr nMgy isr isr& iek hI vsqR pihn ky pUjw krn nwl ieSt dyv dw
BwrI Apmwn huMdw hY[
SRImwn pMifq Twkr dIvwn isMG jI dI BwrI ij`q hoeI[ ies smyN pujwrI bRwhmxW rwijAW
mhwrwijAW, mylw A&sr Aqy hor AnXmqW dy ivdvwnW ny inrml pMQ, SRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw Aqy
Twkr dIvwn isMG jI dI BrpUr pRSMsw kIqI Aqy pRvwn kIqw ik gurU nwnk dyv jI pUrn hrI dw Avqwr
sn Ar inrml pMQ Drm dy qqv nUM jwnx vwlw siqvwdI hY[ aus idn qoN ieh inScw hoieAw ik
inrml pMQ p`gW bMn ky sIqy vsqRW smyq qRXMbkySvr joiqRilMg mMdr ivc pUjw Arcnw dw AiDkwrI hY[
3. SRImwn 108 pMifq Twkr inhwl isMG jI
108
Twkr inhwl isMG sMsikRq inAwey, vydWq, gurbwxI, gurmiq, gurieiqhws dy pRkWf pMifq sn[ SRI
AMimRqsr ivKy hr swl dIvwlI qoN pihlW dyS Br dy v`fy-v`fy ivdvwn Aw ky hirmMdr swihb drSn
krdy Aqy mnohr viKAwnW duAwrw sMgqW nUM sd aupdyS krdy rihMdy sn[
iek vyr dXw nMd AwrIAw smwjI ny AMimRqsr Aw ky hMkwrmeI GoSxw kIqI ik ‘Kwlsw’ Sbd
dw koeI ‘XQwrQ ArQ’ nhIN hY[ jy koeI is`K Kwlsw Sbd dI ivAwiKAw kr skdw hY qW kl nUM iesy mMc
aupr myry nwl ivcwr ArQ goStI kr lvy[ ies dy nwl hI hMkwr vs kih idqw ik mYnUM XkIn hY ik
koeI vI isK ies ivSy aupr myry nwl ArQ ivcwr nhIN kr skdw Aqy nw hI iksy ny Awauxw hY[
ieqPwk nwl iesy iek`T (sBw) ivc pMifq Twkr isMG jI Qohw Kwlsw vwly ibrwjmwn sn[
aunHW ny dXw nMd dI bwq sux ky soicAw ies dw hMkwr qoVnw cwhIdw hY[ pMifq Twkr inhwl isMG jI ny
rwqRI smyN ivc ‘Kwlsw Sbd’ dy ArQ sihq sMsikRq ivc pRmwx dy ky iek sO slokW dw gRMQ iqAwr kr
ilAw[ ijs dw nW ‘Kwlsw Sqk’ rìKAw[
inXq smyN aupr pMifq jI dXw nMd nwl ausy mMc aupr crcw krn vwsqy phuMc gey[ dXw nMd
ny soicAw ik pMjwbI sMq hY ieh kI jwxdw hovygw iek do pRmwx dyvygw, myrI iek g`l nwl hI inrauqr
ho jwvygw[ dXw nMd hMkwr nwl boilAw dso Kwlsy dw kI ArQ hY ? Twkr inhwl isMG jI auTy SRI
klgIDr svwmI jI dw iDAwn DirAw Aqy Syr dI grjxw duAwrw sMsikRq ivc ‘Kwlsw Sqk’ bolxw SurU
kIqw[ ndI dI qIbr Dwrw vWg sMsikRq ivc ivAwiKAw cl rhI sI, sO slokW dy pRmwx jwrI sn[
dXw nMd AwrIAw smwjI pMifq Twkr isMG jI dy crnW aupr dovyN h`Q joV ky nqmsqk ho
igAw[ kihx l`gw mYnUM kI pqw sI ik is`KW ivc vI ieqny v`fy-v`fy ivdvwn hn[ ies qrHW pMifq Twkr
inhwl isMG jI dI ij`q drz hoeI[ ‘Kwlsw Sqk’ gRMQ hoNd ivc (pRgt hoieAw) AwieAw jo BrpUr ArQ
boD gRMQ hY[ ies qrHW inrml pMQ dI jY jY kwr hoeI[
4. SRImwn 108 pMifq eISr isMG jI BXMkrwcwrX :
siqgurU SRI klgIDr dSmyS ipqw jI dI mhwn ikRpw idRStI duAwrw inrmlw pMQ dy mhwn DurMDr
ivdvwnW dI lMbI SRMKlw ivc SRImwn eISr isMG jI dw ivSyS sQwn hY jo SwsqRwrQ krn ivc ivSyS
pRisDqw rKdy sn[
Awp jI dI SwsqRwrQ krn dI pRmwx-SkqI, bl-SkqI Aqy buDI ApUrv sI[ hwzr jvwbI
kmwl dI sI[ Awp jI dw nwm suxdy hI ivcwr goStI krn vwly ivdvwn pMifq kMb auTdy sn[ pRmwx
k`tx dI ivDI kmwl dI sI[ Awp jI dw svY-Awqm bl, svYmwn, idRVHqw Aqy SwsqRwrQ krn dI AnoKI
klw vyK ky ivdvwnW ivc Awp jI dw q^ls ‘klXug’ pRcilq ho igAw sI[ inrml ByK ivc Awp jI nUM
‘klXug dy auDwrk’ kih ky snmwinAw jWdw sI[ Awp jI dy pRisD SwsqRwrQ dI SRMKlw lMbI hY ijnHW ivc
Awp jI nUM BwrI ij`q dw snmwn imilAw1. sMmq 1936 ibkrmI nUM kwSI ivc ‘Kt drSn swDU smwj’ nwl lgwqwr iqMn idn SwsqRwrQ
krky ivjY pRwpq kIqI[
2. bMbeI Sihr ivKy lgwqwr do-idnW goStI ivc ij`q hwsl krky pRisDI pweI[
3. qRXMbk kuMB aupr lgwqwr iqMnW goStIAW ivc Awp srvoprI rhy[
4. nwisk Sihr ivc do-idnW SwsqRwrQ ivc ivjY dw fMkw pMifq eISr isMG jI ny vjwieAw[
5. irAwsq drBMgw ivc iek-idnW igAwn crcw ivc ij`q Awp jI dy nwm hoeI[
6. irAwsq fumrw ivc jnm AStmI Aqy rwmnOmI aupr SwsqRwrQ krky ivjY pRwpq kIqI[
109
7. iesy qrHW sUrjpur, bKrw, mMfI, nwBw, pitAwlw, jINd irAwsqW ivc vI AnykW vyr
SwsqRwrQ krky pMifq jI ny inrml ByK dw DÍj bulMd kIqw hY[
5. SRImwn 108 pMifq igAwnI igAwn isMG jI : ividAw mwrqMf
igAwnI igAwn isMG jI inrml pMQ dy hI nhIN, is`K pMQ dI mhwn hsqI hoey hn[ ijnHW dw nwm
ieiqhws AMdr sunihrI A`KrW ivc aukirAw hY[ auh auc kotI dy ieiqhwskwr hoey hn, ijnHW dy gRMQW dI
lVI lMmI hY[ pRisD gRMQ qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw, pMQ pRkwS hn[ ijQy Awp jI klm dy DnI sn, auQy igAwn
crcw ivc vI ivSyS muhwrq rKdy sn1. Sihr morDuj dy rwjy sYnpwl nwl igAwnI jI dI igAwn crcw ‘SwsqRwrQ’ keI idn huMdw
irhw AMq ivjY igAwnI jI dI hoeI[ BwrI pRisDqw vDI rwjy sYnpwl ny bhuq siqkwr krky
ivdwiegI id`qI[
2. igAwnI jI dw rwDw suAwmI mq dy iSv idAwl isMG nwl vI Awgry ivc SwsqRwrQ pRisD
hY[ iSv idAwl isMG SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI qoN aucI g`dI l`gw ky bYTdw sI Aqy Awpxy
syvkW nUM Awpxy mUMh dI pIk dw pRSwd vMfdw sI[ rozwnw hu`kw vI pINdw sI[ ies qrHW iSv
idAwl isMG BwrU kurYhqW dw DwrnI sI[ igAwnI igAwn isMG jI mhwrwj ny SwsqrW dy
pRmwx sMsikRq ivc d`s ky gurmiq/gurbwxI dw aucw AwdrS jwxU krvwieAw[ aus ny
swrIAW kurYhqW C`f ky pRx kIqw Aqy siqgurU jI dy aupdySW dw siqkwr krn l`gw[ ies
qrHW aus dy ies pirvrqn nwl jIvn aucw hoieAw Aqy swry Awgry Sihr ivc igAwnI jI
dw BwrI siqkwr hoieAw[
6. SRI mwn 108 sMq mhwkvI igAwnI sMqoK isMG jI kvyNdr
kYNQl irAwsq dy rwjw BweI audY isMG jI pws &wrsI/aurdU/sMsikRq/gurbwxI/gurmiq/gur-ieiqhws dy
DurMDr ivdvwn sRI gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ Aqy hor AnykW gRMQW dy krqw mhWkvI BweI sMqoK isMG jI
kvyNdr dw kYNQl ivKy keI vyr idgivjeI hMkwrI pMifqW nwl SwsqRwrQ (igAwn crcw) krn dw sMswr
pRisD ieiqhws hY[ ijnHW aupr BweI sMqoK isMG ny BwrI ivjY pRwpq kIqI, inrml pMQ dw gOrv aucw kIqw[
ies qrHW SRI klgIDr jI dy mhwn AwSIrvwd pRwpq inrmly mhwpurKW ny Awpxy qp/qyj,
Awqimk-SkqI/ ividAw-SkqI idRVH bl duAwrw sB ivpkSIAW aupr ivjY pRwpq krky siqgurU SRI gurU
nwnk dyv dy sd aupdyS nUM sMswr ivKy srvoprI kwiem kr ivKwieAw[
ies qrHW inrml pMQ Awpxy qp qyj pRqwp nwl nvyN mIl p`Qr g`fdw irhw hY[ pMifq Arjn
isMG jI munI SwsqRI ivAwkrxwcwrX, sRI mhMq pMifq blbIr isMG jI vydWqcwrX sMsikRq dy mhwn
ivdvwn hoey hn[ vrqmwn SRI mhMq suAwmI igAwn dyv isMG jI vydWqcwrX sMsikRq BwSw Aqy SwsqRW dy
DurMDr ivdvwn hn[ SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhwrwj dy inrml pMQ nUM ividAw pRwpqI dy bKSy hoey
AwSIrvwd ikirAwqmk rUp ivc PlIBUq ho rhy hn[
áqoZw<k:
k: [[22[[
[[Å ‰IgxySwX nm: [[ AQ ‰Im
‰Imiéim~lswDuáqoZm` [[Å ‰Igu}nwnkprbõHÓxy nm: [[ iáQËvw
kØpqrorDo·
kØpqrorDo·ÖXuqmQo ÍXwXNqmIS<
ÍXwXNqmIS< pr< bwlynwQ sucw{cwmrkry
w{cwmrkryxw··
w··sy
··syivq< p÷Ãq: [ mdw~
mdw~nyn c gwXqw hirXS:
s<syivq< ávwgRqo
qo vNdy
vNdy·h< k}xwx~v< BXhr< ‰Im«u}< nwnkm`
nwnkm` [[1[[ SwNqwnwËmrqwiNvvykjlDO áéwqw
wqwn` pry
pwvny
pwvny inËX< vy
vydivcwrqËpriDXo BwvipRXwi
wiéËXS: [ sËsç
sËsçîYkinpyivxo·
vxo·nvrq< kwmwidBIËXw c Xy vNdy
vNdy
qwérpuçîvwéhrh: swDUNsdw inm~lwn`
lwn` [[2[[ Xy qIQy~ÎvinS< dXwluµdXw HÓÒXwgqwn`
HÓÒXwgqwn` koitS:
imÃw
imÃwéwidiBrwdr
idiBrwdryx iniKlwn` sMpõIxXNËXwgqwn`
xXNËXwgqwn`[ XyÒXo XwiNq n kih~iciªmns: kwmwnlÑÍvw nrw vNdy
110
qwérpuçîvwéhrh: swDUNsdwinm~lwn` [[3[[ Xypw< dS~nmwvmyv ih SuB< pu&XYkhyqun~÷xw< s<ápS~» inh<iq
pwdrjso Xypw< mn:iki
qwimvoÁmqmw<»YvwËmq÷Îqw<
Îqw<áqQw
áqQw vNdy qwérpuçîvwéhrh: swDUNsdw
mn:ikiØvpm`[ pUqwÊjHuósuqwimvoÁmqmw<
Îqw
inm~lwn`
lwn` [[4[[
u qlw··
[[4[[ Awr&Xwidgu
Awr&Xwidguhwsir¨R
wsir¨Rm
qlw··rwBy
··rwBypu Xy sv~dw iciÇcÁw
iciÇcÁw invsNËXnNXmnso soh< ivmuÇXwËmn: [
s<quÃw» X¨ÇCXwqv
lwn` [[5[[ XY: kwlo
X¨ÇCXwqvsnY
qvsnYiB~@w·
w·épwnwidnw vNdy qwérpuçîvwéhrh: swDUNsdw inm~lwn`
kwlo
imQááqáXYv s<icNqXw[ bRHÓYk<
k< põivhwX ªYqmiKl<
hirkIq~nyn kQXw vw nIXqy inËXdw qfÓwnyn suboDnyn c imQ
miKl<
ikÊc® jwniNq Xy vNdy qwérpuçîvwéhrh: swDUNsdw inm~lwn`
lwn` [[6[[ Zwqw vY jgdIðwry põkuipqy
kopwÁdIXwdu{: nySo·
Ám<
o·ip @mqy gurO põkuipqy Zwqu< i@qO sv~Qw [ mËvYq«u{myv Xy sumqXo jwniNq svo~Ám<
vNdy qwérpu
lwn` [[7[[ sËX< Xy srs< imq< ihqqm< vw#X<
rpuçîvwéhrh: swDUNsdw inm~lwn`
vw#X< g÷xiNq i@qO
XuÂwhwrivhwrSIqlXSáq÷Îqw:
Îqw: pry bõHÓix [ sOMXwNswDuiSromxInivrq< Swd~UlivÎifqwn` vNdy
Îq
qwérpu
lwn` [[8[[ XypwmwËmmno
rpuçîvwéhrh: swDUNsdw inm~lwn`
wmwËmmno·ml< vpuirv< bõwHÓ<
HÓ< qQw ins~l< vwsw<ËXÎXQ
inm~lwin ivml< áQwn< qQYvwËmn:
wËmn: [ dwn< ÍXwnmupwsnwidkimd<
wsnwidkimd< XYpw< sdw inm~l< vNdy qwérpuçîvwéhrh:
swDUNsdw inm~lwn`
lwn` [[9[[ Eqi
Eqiém~lcyqsw<
sw< suivml< áqoé< pr< pwvn< BÂXw mohnlwlswDuricq< SðwÛptyó
nr: [ rwgª†
lw< [ LÑÍvwÛmBiÂ< hrO ivÍváqw·
HÓwËmnw modqy [[10[[
rwgª†ml< ivDUX ivm~
ivm~lw<
ivÍváqw·iKlkØm†o
iKlkØm†o·nvrq< bõHÓwËmnw
(gurU nwnk rqnwkr)
111
inrml sMpRdwie dI AwrMBqw Aqy ivkws
(mwirAw iskw jgiq ivic nwnk inrml pMQu clwieAw)
zYl isMG SwsqrI*1
inrml - in-ivSySx aupdyS rihqw srb ihqkwrI prmopdys smudwX: s:inrml pMQ]
ijs smyN Drm Aqy prmwqmw dy nwm dy ivruD jn-smudwX pYdw ho jWdy hn[ aus smyN lokweI
dI duK BrI pukwr sux ky prmwqmw idvX srIr Dwrn krky Drm dI mirXwdw nUM sQwpn krn vwsqy
Avqwr Dwrn krdy hn[
jb jb hoq Airs† Apwrw ]
qb qb dyh Drq Avqwrw ]
(bicqR nwtk)
Xdw Xdw ih Dm~
Dm~áX ^lwinB~viq Bwrq[
Bwrq[
AÒXuËQwnmDm~áX qdw··
[[2[[
qdw··Ëmwn<
··Ëmwn< s÷jwMXHm`[[2[[
pirZwxwX swDUnw< ivnwSwX c duàk÷qw<[
Dm~s<áQwpnwQw~X sMBvwim Xugy Xugy[[3[[
[[3[[
(sRImd Bgvq gIqw)
jdoN-jdoN Drm dy ivruD AwsurI pRBwv vDdw hY, audoN hI mYN ADrm dy nwS vwsqy Drm nUM siQr
r`Kx vwsqy Awp pYdw huMdw hW[ mYN duStW dw nwS krn Aqy swDUAW dI riKAw krn vwsqy jug-jug ivc
Avqwr Dwrn krdw hW[ jdoN qurk bwdSwh duAwrw kIqy AiqAwcwrW dI h`d t`p geI Aqy snwqn smwj
dy Dwrimk icMnH qk imtwauxy SurU kr idqy gey, AYsI siQqI bx geIkil kwqI rwjy kwsweI Drmu pMK kir aufirAw ]
kUVu Amwvs scu cMdRmw dIsY nwhI kh ciVAw ]
(vwr mwJ)
smyN dy bwdSwh Awpxy Drm nXwX nUM C`f ky svwrQ pUrqI ivc AMDy hoey sn, grIb Aqy duKI
dI pukwr suxn vwlw nXwXkwrI hwkm nzr nhIN sI AwauNdw Aqy sMswr AMDkwr dy byVy ivc fub irhw sI[
AYsy smyN (Akwl purK) ny snwqn smwj dI duK BrI swmUihk Awvwz nUM sux ky sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI
nnkwxw swihb (rwie Boie dI qlvMfI) k`qk dI pUrnmwSI sMmq 1526 nUM pRgt hoeysuxI pukwr dwqwr pRBu gur nwnk jg mwih pTwXw ]
(vwrW BweI gurdws)
ies dw vrxn BivK purwx ivc imldw hYEv< vYDMX~ põwcuX~ BivàXiq Xdw klO
qdw vY lok r@wQ~ MlyÇCwnw< nwS hyqvy[
pi&cmyqu SuBy dySy vyid v<SI c nwnk:[
kiljug ivc ijs smyN ADrm dw pRcwr vD jwvygw, aus smyN swDUAW dI riKAw vwsqy Aqy
mlyCW dw nwS krn vwsqy p`Cm dyS, vydI vMS ivKy prmySr Awp sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy gurU rUp ivc
pRgt hoxgy[
Awip nwrwiexu klw Dwir jg mih prvirXau ]
inrMkwir Awkwru joiq jg mMfil kirXau ]
* inrmlw AKwVw mhMq mUl isMG (rij.), K2/1, sMq AYvIinaU, jI. tI. rof, AimRqsr-143006.
Pon : 94172-73070, 094121-57698
112
so gurU jI nnkwxw swihb ivc pRgt ho ky Anyk pRkwr dy cmqkwrI kwrj krdy rhy[ iPr
sulqwnpur loDI irAwsq kpUrQlw AMdr 12 swl qk Drm dy bIj rUp AscrX jnk kMm kIqy Aqy jdoN
Drm dI mirXwdw kwiem krn dw smW AwieAw qW Awp vyeIN ndI ivc Snwn krky Awlop ho ky s`cKMf
jw pu`jy[ ijs smyN SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI vyeIN ndI ’coN iqMn idn bwAd bwhr Awey qW sMswrI jIvW nUM kwm,
kRoD, loB, rwg dvYS dI A`g ivc sVidAW qikAw Aqy prmySur dI AwigAw Anuswr kiljug dy jIvW nUM
‘siqnwm sRI vwihgurU’ dw nwm jpw ky BgqI igAwn dw aupdyS idqw, ijs dy nwl auh sihj hI pwpW qoN
mukq ho jwx[ aus smyN swry lok Awpxy mqW-mqWqrW dy hMkwr ivc pY ky prmySur nUM BulI bYTy sn[ sMswr
AMdr rwg dvYS dw kwrn AiDk mq mqWqr sn[ iksy ivc iqlk dw Aqy iksy ivc kMTI dw Byd sI[
Byd kwrn lok Awpxy mu`K audyS nUM C`f ky auprly-auprly icMnHW nwl AiDk ipAwr rKdy sn, ies krky
iek-iek mzhb ivc AnykW mq Byd pRgt ho gey[
prmwqmw dy AslI mwrg siq, Drm, DIrj Aqy siq aupdyS nUM iqAwg ky pwKMf, kpt Awid
ADrmW ivc pRivrq ho rhy sn[ Bjn bMdgI dI jgHw bwhrI idKwvw ijAwdw ho igAw, mq Awlop ijhw
ho igAw Aqy pwKMf vD igAw[ so AYsy smyN ivc ‘ciVAw soDn Drq lokweI’ SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny pRwxI
mwqr nUM sMswr swgr qoN pwr krn leI inrol prmwqmw dI BgqI, syvw, ismrn, siqsMg rUp inrml
pMQ sQwpn kIqw[ ijs mwrg ’qy cl ky sMswrI jIv srlqw nwl pwr ho sky Aqy Brm BulyiKAW nUM C`f
ky Akwl purK vwihgurU dy nwm dw ismrn kr sky[ ies qoN ibnw hor swry kwrj sMswr ivc Brmwaux
vwly hn[ eISvr dI BgqI duAwrw nwm ismrn rUp ‘inrml pMQ’ kljug ivc mnu`K nUM sMswr qoN pwr kr
idMdw hY[
nwnk nwm jhwj hY cVy so auqry pwr ]
jo SrDw kr syvdy gur pwr auqrn hwr ]
prmwqmw dI BgqI, syvw, ismrn rUp ‘inrml pMQ’ kiljug ivc igAwn duAwrw mukqI dw
swDn hY[ gurU jI dw inrml aupdyS sux ky byAMq jigAwsU inrml mwrg ivc Awey, iSSW dy swry smUh
dw nwm vI hOlI-hOlI inrml pMQ pRisD ho igAw[ iek AMgryz lyKk ilKdw hY, ‘jdoN Bwrq ivc Anyk
mq-mqWqr pYdw ho gey, sB ny Awpxy-Awpxy iBMn-iBMn mq clwey, ijs kwrx aunHW dy AnuAweI iek dUjy
dw KMfn-mMfn krn lgy[ lokW nUM BulyiKAW ivc pw ky Awpxy jwl ivc PswauNdy rhy, prmwqmw dy rsqy
’qy iksy ny nhIN lgwieAw Aqy isr& Awpxw hI mq sRySt ds ky Awpxy hI mq ivc ilAwaux leI pRyrdy
rhy[ prmwqmw ny syvw-ismrn, siqsMg rUpI BgqI dw ihsw jo SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI vwsqy riKAw sI,
gurU jI nUM bKiSAw[ gurU jI ny ipCly AwcwrIAW dIAW jo g`lW lwB vwlIAW sn, auh vI Awpxy is`KW nUM
d`sIAW[ prmwqmw dI inrol BgqI-igAwn duAwrw mukqI dw mwrg vI disAw[’
siqgurU dy ‘inrml pMQ’ dI AYsI pRSMsw Anyk qvwrI^W vwilAW ny kIqI hY[ BweI gurdws jI
ijnHW nUM gurmiq ivc ‘ivAws’ ikhw jWdw hY, auh kQn krdy hnQwipE lihxw jIvdY gurAweI isr CqR iPrwieAw ]
mwirAw is`kw jgq ivc nwnk inrml pMQ clwieAw ]
ijs smyN gurU jI dyS-dySWqr dw rtn krdy hoey m`ky gey qW rukn dIn ny puiCAw ik Awp dy
mq dw nwm kI hY ? gurU jI ny ikhwkiljug nwnk inrmlw pMQ clwXo Awey ]
byd kqybo bwhrw jpdy eyk Kudwey ]
(mky dI gost)
113
igAwnI blvMq isMG jI koTw gurU ‘inrml pMQ boD’ ivc ilKdy hn ik auqrI Bwrq dIAW
sMpRdwvW ivc inrml sMpRdwie dw ivSyS sQwn hY[ ies sMpRdwie dy pRvrqk SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI hn[
gurU jI vyeIN ivc ieSnwn krn smyN cuBI lw ky scKMf ivc phuMc gey[ aus smyN Akwl purK ny mUlmMqr bKS ky AwigAw kIqI ik ‘qp’ rhy sMswr nUM prmySur dw nwm jpwau[ siqgurU jI ny siq dy nwm nUM
jo iqMnW kwlw ivc iek rs rihMdw hY- Awid scu jugwid scu ] hY BI scu nwnk hosI BI scu] aus siq
rUpI is`ky nUM kwiem kIqw[ ijs is`ky nUM rwjy lok kwiem krdy sn, auh aunHW dy mrn qoN bwAd ^qm ho
jWdw sI[ pr siqgur jI ny sic dy rwj dw inrml is`kw clwieAw, ijs bwry BweI gurdws jI kQn
krdy hnivx nwvY hor mMgxw isr duKW dy duK sbwXw ]
mwirAw is`kw jgq ivc nwnk inrml pMQ clwXw ]
jdoN gurU jI Akwl purK dy dr qoN nwm dI dwq pRwpq krky iqMn idnW bwAd vyeIN ndI ivcoN
bwhr Awey qW siqgurU jI dw Bgq BweI BgIrQ idRVH SrDw sihq iqMn idn qoN siqgurU jI dy drSn
leI iekwgr icq ndI dy iknwry KVHw sI[ gurU jI ny pRsMn icq sihq BweI BgIrQ dy BgqI-Bwv Aqy
SrDw nUM dyKidAW hoieAW BweI BwgIrQ nUM mUl mMqR Aqy inrml ByK (BgvW Bys) bKiSS kIqw[ ies
pRkwr pihlw inrmlw sMq BweI BgIrQ hoieAw hY[ ies qrHW ieiqhwsk GtnwvW qoN isD huMdw hY ik
‘inrml pMQ’ dy pRvrqk sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI hI hn[ ijs bwry BweI BgIrQ jI dI vwr hY‘inrml pMQ’ clwieAw, eyk ivvyk Bgq idRVweI ]
swDn kiTn Cfwie ky gur cyly kI rIq clweI ]
kilXug nwnk klw idKweI ]
(vwr BweI BwgIrQ)
ies qrHW ‘inrml pMQ’ gurU nwnk dyv jI qoN cl ky smyN-smyN swry gurUAW dy smyN iviKAwq huMdw
irhw hY ijvyN pMcm pwqSwh dy smyN inrml pMQ dI iviKAwqqw gurU jI Kud kQn krdy hngur Arjn jih bYT kr, bWDI bIV su gRMQ ]
jih pRswid sB jgq my, clhY inrmlw pMQ ]
CyvyN pwqSwh SRI gurU hirgoibMd swihb jI ny &rmwieAwsyvy auh inrml bn jwie[ Bgq gXwn guris`KI Bwie[
rws 9 AMsU 39 ‘gur pRqwp sUrj’ ivc iliKAw hY ik jn swDwrn ‘jMqw’ siqgur jI nUM inrmly
kih ky Xwd krdy sninrmly gur gur drsih isKn, pRmysvr ko pRym sujwn ]
gurUAW dy AwSIrvwd sdkw inrml pMQ smyN-smyN ivsQwr nUM Dwrn krdw igAw, swihb SRI gurU
goibMd isMG jI ijs smyN jmnw ndI dy q`t aupr pwauNtw swihb dI DrqI ’qy ivrwjmwn sn, aus smyN auh
hryk is`K nUM ivdvwn bxwauxw cwhuMdy sn[ guris`KW dy AiDAYn vwsqy AnykW swihq dy gRMQW dI rcnw dw
kwrj AwrMB kIqw sI[ ies kwrj vwsqy AnykW ivdvwn siqgurU jI dy drbwr ivc rihMdy sn[ ijvyN ik
52 kvIAW Aqy 36 ilKwrIAW dw hr smyN siqgur jI dy drbwr ivc rihxw pRisD hY[ ividAw pVHn dw
AwdyS idMdy hoey siqgurU jI rihqnwimAW ivc &rmwauNdy hngurmuKI A`Kr jo hY BweI[ isK isK qy sIKy jweI[
AOr BI ividAw jih qih hoeI[ Avrn qy BI lyvy soeI[
siqgurU jI dy hukm Anuswr aus smyN AnykW isK gurmuKI, gurbwxI, ieiqhws, rwgu, kwiv, bRj
BwSw Awidk pUrI lgn nwl pVH rhy sn[ siqgurU jI dy drbwr ivc pMifq rGunwQ mhwBwrq Awidk
114
gRMQW dI kQw krn AwauNdw sI[ siqgurU jI ny is`KW nUM sMsikRq pVHwaux vwsqy pMifq rGunwQ inXukq
kIqw[ pMifq jI ny is`KW nUM sMsikRq pVHwauxI SurU kr idqI[ kuJ idnW bwAd pMifq rGunwQ ny is`KW nUM
aunHW dy vrx-AwSRm bwry puiCAw qW swry is`KW ny AwpxI-AwpxI jwqI ds idqI[ pMifq jI ny jdoN suixAw
ik ieh nw bRwhmx hn Aqy nw hI kSqrI, qW mn ivc soicAw ik ieh dyv bwxI pVHn dy AiDkwrI nhIN
hn[ pMifq jI ny jdoN ‘bRwhmx vrg’ dy nwl ies ivSy au~pr crcw kIqI qW swirAW ny ividAw pVHwaux
qoN ienkwr kr idqw[ pMifq jI ny siqgurU jI nUM ikhw ik Awp jI dy is`K SUdr hn, ies vwsqy mYN ienHW
nUM dyv bwxI nhIN pVHw skdw[ siqgurU jI ny ikhw pMifq jI is`KW dy crnW ivc bYT ky vfy-vfy bRwhmx
vyd-Swsqr Awidk ividAw pVHngy[ ieh is`K bRwhmxW dy ividAw gurU hoxgy Aqy gurU jI ny joS ivc Aw
ky hyT ilKy Sbd khyboly gur sun idÍj kI bwnI ] SUdr kihq ijnY qUM AiBmwnI ]
ien hI myry isKn qy lK ] ivdXw byd pVyNgy idÍj d`K ]
inrmwgm lO cOds ividXw ] mYN bKSI isKih pr isDXw ]
ijs no qUM SUdr bqrY hYN ] ieh ivdXw gur qumry QYN hYN ]
SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny 1686 eI. nUM Bry iek`T ivc jmunw dy iknwry, iek SuD iSlw aupr
bYT ky BwSw, gurbwxI Aqy ieiqhws Awidk dy pMj pRis`D ivdvwnW nMU aunHW dy nwm lY ky pukwirAw[ sMq
krm isMG, sMq rwm isMG, sMq gMfw isMG, sMq sYxw isMG, sMq vIr isMG, pMjW isKW ny siqgurU jI dy crnW
ivc hwzr ho ky nmskwr kIqI, AgoN gurU jI ny AwigAw kIqI ik AsIN quhwnUM sMsikRq pVHn vwsqy kwSI
nUM Byj rhy hW[ siqgurU jI ny pMjW nUM BgvyN vsqRW dIAW gwqIAW lvw ky h`Q iv`c ic`pIAW dy ky vydW,
SwsqrW, drSnW Awid dI ividAw pRwpqI dw AwSIrvwd idMidAW ikhw ik ijs ividAw nUM Awm AwdmI
iek swl ivc pVHdw hY, aus nUM qusIN iek mhIny ivc hI pRwpq kr lvogy[ siqgurU quhwfy AMg-sMg
rihxgy[ siqgurU jI dI AwigAw Anuswr ienHW ny kwSI ivc mn lgw ky ividAw pVHnI AwrMB kIqI Aqy
13 ku swl ivc pMifq sdw nMd qoN vydW, SwsqrW, drSnW, simRqIAW dI ividAw pRwpq kr leIguru ikRpw qy sIGr ibd`Xw ]
iqh ko kr ql BeI pRis`DXw ]
pwauNtw swihb dI cox qoN 13 swl mgroN gurU jI ny SRI AwnMdpur swihb ivKy sMn 1699 eI. nUM
q^q kysgVH swihb ivKy pMj ipAwirAW dI cox krky ‘Kwlsw pMQ’ dI isrjnw kIqI[ BweI kwnH isMG
nwBw ‘gurmiq pRBwkr’ ivc ilKdy hn ik inrml pMQ dw nwm hI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny AMimRq Ckw ky
Kwlsw pMQ rìKAw hY[ gurU jI ny ieknw nUM SsqR ividAw Aqy ieknw nUM SwsqR ividAw bKSI[ pMifq
gulwb isMG jI dy kQn AnuswrsRI guru goibMd isMG su pUrx hir Avqwr ]
rcXo pMQ Bv mYN pRgt do ibD ko ibsqwr ]
eykn ky kr KVg dY, Bujbl bhu ivsqwr ]
pwln BUmI ko krXo duStn mUl auKwr ]
AOrn kI ipK ivml miq, kIno prm ivvyk ]
inrmly BwKy jgq iqh, hyrY bRhm su eyk ]
auDr pMjy inrmly sMq AwpxI ividAw dw AiDAYn pUrw krky Awpxy ividAw gurU pMifq sdw
nMd jI qoN AwigAw lY ky pMjwb v`l nUM c`l pey[ cldy-cldy SRI AwnMdpur swihb phuMcy[ aus smyN siqgurU
jI dw drbwr sijAw hoieAw sI[ pMjy sMq BgvIAW gwqIAW DwrIN h`Q ivc icpIAW Aqy gRMQ leIN gurU
115
klgIDr dy drbwr ivc hwizr hoey[ pqr-puSp Byt rK ky crnW aupr fMfvq nmskwr kIqI Aqy
sMsikRq ivc siqgurU jI dI ausqqI aucwrn kIqISu©wX bu©wX
©wX inr<jnwX s<swrmwXwpirvij~qwX[
wX[
s<icNqnwX ávH÷id iáQqwX goibNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[1[
nmoáËvjwX[1[
AwDwX cwNËXwX
cwNËXwX c mÍXgwX AwŃqhInwX inr<kuSwX[
wX[
ÈXoiqááv}pwX SuBpõdwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[2[
nmoáËvjwX[2[
AwidËXv<SwX pur<drwX s<swrswrwX ávX< põBwX[
wX[
rËXwidhInw
rËXwidhInwX jnipõXwX goivNds<
goivNds<hwX nmoáËvjwX
nmoáËvjwX[3[
vjwX[3[
vydwNqvy´wX mhyÜvrwX so·
so·h< áv}pwX jnyÜvrwX [
Sy†widgIqwX k÷
k÷qwiKlwX goivNdis<
goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[4[
nmoáËvjwX[4[
icÇCiÂ}pwX mnormwX s<swrvwrwiniDqwrxwX[
AwnNdkNdwX Su
SuicpõBwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[5[
nmoáËvjwX[5[
kYvØXBuqwX prwËprwX Bo^XwX BogwX BvwBvwX[
põHøwdis<
wdis<hwX suK<krwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[6[
nmoáËvjwX[6[
qwrwX pwrwX
pwrwX prwXxwX kwlwX pwlwX jgi©qwX[
jgi©qwX[
SwNqwX kwNqwX nmo<
nmo<qkwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[7[
nmoáËvjwX[7[
sw<$XwidqËvpõivvyckwX vYku<TnwQwX rmwrmwX[
‰OqwX sËXwX su
sudYiSkwX goivNdis<hwX nmoáËvjwX[8[
nmoáËvjwX[8[
sMsikRq ivc ausqqI sux ky Aqy kwSI ivcoN sPlqw sihq ividAw hwisl krky vwips Awey
isKW nUM vyK ky siqgurU jI bhuq pRsMn hoey[ ienHW pMjW ny gurU jI nUM bynqI kIqI ik AsIN vI Awp jI dw
AMimRq pwn krnw cwhuMdy hW[ gurU jI ny pRsMn ho ky BweI Drm isMG, BweI dieAw isMG ipAwirAW nUM
AMimRq pwn krvwaux leI ikhw Aqy ienHW nUM AMimRq pwn krvwieAw igAw[ ienHW dI rihxI, bihxI,
ibrqI, sMqoK dyK ky siqgurU jI ny AnykW bKiSSW kIqIAW, ijnHW ivcoN 10 bKiSSW pRmu`K hn[
kwhU sy n rwKy rwg, dvYK hUM n kwhUM sMg,
lok kul lwj Kt Kto ijn nw ko hY[
inmRqw so Bry irdy inpuMnqw Dry rry,
rwm ikRSn hry pwrbRhm boD jw ko hY[
ingm pRvwh inqX ijn ky inhwl isMG,
igrw guru gRMQ kI mYN jW ko pRym bwko hY[
inqwpRiq inropwiD AhMbRhm boD jw ky,
dÍYq ml ktI inrmly nwm Xw ko hY[
isK pMQ do rUpW ivc pRisD rhygw[ inrml pMQ BgqI Aqy igAwn duAwrw AMqRIv vYrwg-KVg
nwl kwm, kRoD, loB Awidk AwsurI sMpdw dw nwS krygw Aqy Kwlsw pMQ srIrk bl sdkw srb loh dI
KVg nwl AiqAwcwrI, kptI Awid dw nwS krygw[ igAwn mwrg Aqy sMswr mwrg do pdvIAW dw
vrdwn gurU jI ny vrxn kIqw hYDMin jIau iqh ko jg mih muK qy hir icq mih juDu bIcwrY ]
dyh Ainq n inq rhY jsu nwv cVY Bvswgr qwrY ]
DIrj Dwm bnwie iehY qn buiD su dIpk ijau aujXwrY ]
igAwnih kI bFnI mnhu hwQ lY kwqrqw kuqvwr buhwrY ] (ikRSnwvqwr)
116
lMgrW dI prK krky BweI nMd lwl jI nUM KuSIAW bKSky BgvyN vsqR inrmly sMqW nUM bKS idqy
Aqy ikhw ienHW vsqRW dy AiDkwrI inrmly sMq hn[
kVwh pRswd dI lut duAwrw inrmly sMq dI pRIiKAw leI qW aunHW nUM sMqoKI pwieAw[ iPr
vrdwn idqw ik inrmly sMqW ny pMQ ivc sMqoK dw bIj rK ilAw hY[
iek idn gurU jI cOQy pihr BweI nMd lwl nUM nwl lY ky swirAW fyirAW ivc gey qW koeI suqy
sn, koeI g`pW mwr rhy sn[ pr iek fyry ivc gey qW auQy swry iekwgr icq ismrn ivc lgy hoey sn[
ienHW pRqI gurU jI ny ikhw Awls rihq sRoqRIAw bRhminsT inrmly sMq hn[ is`KI dy qqÍ gurbwxI dy
icMqn ivc l`gy hoey hn[
iek idn AwnMdpur ivc nwtk ho irhw sI, swry lok nwtk vyKx gey[ gurU jI ny dyiKAw ik
kyvl 17 inrmly isK ies smyN vI iekwgr icq ismrn ivc lgy sn[ gurU jI ny AwSIrvwd idqw
‘inrmly sMqW dy kwrn pMQ dI sdw SoBw bnI rhygI’[
dsm gurU jI dw injI syvk BweI cMdn jI sI[ aus nUM gurU jI Anyk qrHW dy pdwrQ, zyvr Awid
idMdy rihMdy sn[ kuJ ivAkqIAW ny eIrKw vs ienHW dw smwn corI kr ilAw[ iPr cor pkiVAw igAw[
gurU jI ny BweI jI qoN puiCAw ik ies nUM kI szw idqI jwvy ? BweI cMdn jI ny ikhw ies nUM zrUrq hovygI
Agr hor loV hY qW mYN hor smwn dyvWgw[ ieh sux ky gurU jI ny pRsMn ho ky BweI cMdn isMG nUM ikhw qUM qW
bRhm igAwnI inrmlw sMq hY[ AwSIrvwd idqw- cMdn qoN vD sIqlqw vwly SuB gux, inrml ByK dy icMnH
bxngy[
iek idn BweI cOpw isMG, inrmly sMq BweI sMq isMG nUM PV ky gurU jI kol ilAwey ik ies ny
kC-ikRpwn Awidk kkwr iqAwg idqy hn[ siqgurU jI ny puiCAw qW aus ny AgoN ikhw Awp dy aupdyS nUM
Dwrn krky mYN pMj koSW qoN inAwrw Awqmw hW[ Awp dI mirXwdw qW dyh AiBmwnI Aqy krm-kWfI vwsqy
hY[ jy Awp dw isK bx ky AsQUl krm-kWf dy bMDn n tuty qW Xm dy bMDnW qoN jIv mukq ikvyN hovygw ?
siqgurU jI ny muskrw ky BweI cOpw isMG nUM ikhw qusIN qW inrmlw sMq PV ilAWdw hY[ Ajyhy bRhmigAwnI
aupr krm-kWf dw bMDn nhIN hY[
siqgurU mukiqsr nUM jWdy hoey ipMf ‘mwgvW bihbl’ ivc iek rwq ruky[ ies ielwky ivc kwl
ipAw hoieAw sI[ gurU jI ny isMGW nUM ikhw iek`Ty lMgr Ckx dI bjwey do-do isK Gr-Gr jw ky pRSwdw
Ck Awau qW swry Ck Awey[ swirAW qoN puiCAw kI-kI CikAw, swirAW ny disAw[ iPr jdoN BweI mYlwgr
isMG Aqy BweI gjw isMG nUM puiCAw qW aunHW ny ikhw bhuq svwidSt Bojn Ck ky Awey hW[ lwgoN is`KW ny
ikhw, ijsdy Gr ieh gey sI, ausdy Gr qW Kwx leI kuJ vI nhIN sI[ aus is`K ny puCx ’qy disAw ik
aus Gr vwilAW ny ienHW dy A`gy sukIAW pIlkW rK idqIAW, ijnHW nUM Kw ky Aqy Ardws kr ky ieh Aw
gey hn[ siqgur jI pRsMn ho ky iqMn vwrI ikhw DMn isKIguru khXo isKI DMn DMn[ dyiK Bwau ko Bey pRsMn[
As isK BI ibc pMQ suhwie[ sqI dyih sMqoKI Kwie[
(sUrj pRkwS)
sun g`jw hir br Bv Bv br, Bir kir sun kr Dwro ]
quSt quSt mYN quSt qoihpr, quSt Awid gun Bwr ]
Bv Bv ByK ByK gun DrnI, DIrj inrml nwmw ]
inrml bwnI pTTq inrml, inrml pt gun Dwmw ]
(srb loh pRkwS)
117
siqgurU jI ny swbo kI qlvMfI dIvwn ivc bYiTAW ikhw, ijs nUM jo kuJ cwhIdw hY mMg lau[
koeI puqr mMgy, koeI kuJ koeI kuJ pr kuJ isK SWq bYTy rhy[ swirAW dIAW mMgW pUrIAW krky siqgurU
jI ny ienHW qoN puiCAw qW ienHW ny ikhw swfy ’qy Awp jI dI ikRpw hY jo swnUM Awp jI ny bwxI bRhm ividAw
bKSI hY[ swnUM sMswrI pdwrQW dI rucI nhIN hY[ siqgurU jI ny &rmwieAw- sMswrI pdwrQW dw iqAwg
kyvl sMq hI kr skdy hn[ bRhm ividAw dw AwnMd vI inrmly sMq hI lY skdy hnsRI gurU lgwXo eyk idn mY dIvwn AYso,
sB ko bulwie khXo mWgo jo irdy Bly ]
kwhU Dn kwhMU Dwm kwhUM Asv AiBrwm kwhU,
khXo BUKn jgaUN jo sjy gly ]
kwhU SsqR kwhU bsqR sMq KuSI imRgrwj,
sB ko dvwXo jo jo BwXo pRym mY Fly ]
supn jXo jwin ky pdwrQ n mWgy ijnoN,
nwm Dn mWgXo qW ko khXo Xy inrmly ]
igAwnI igAwn isMG pMQ pRkwS ivc ilKdy hnsupn smwn jg jwn ijny nwm mWigE,
KuSI hUey boly gur eyhI myry inrmly ]
ieQy hI siqgurU jI ny ‘sRI gurU gRMQ swihb’ dI ArQW sihq sMiQAw svYXm isKW nUM krvw ky
tkswl dI pRMprw nUM kwiem kIqw[ ienHW is`KW nUM vI bRhm igAwnI ikhw jWdw hY, iesy pRMprw nUM inrmly
sMq sMBwlI bYTy hn[
ijs smyN SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny hzUr swihb ivKy joqI-joiq smwaux dw sMklp kIqw EdoN
gurU jI ny duStW nUM kIqy dI szw dyx vwsqy SsqRDwrI Kwlsy nUM bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dI jQydwrI hyT
zwlmW dy ^wqmy vwsqy pMjwb ByijAw[ ausy smyN sMq krm isMG, sMq rwm isMG, sMq gMfw isMG Awid 25
nwm AiBAwsI ivdvwn inrmly sMqW nUM AwigAw kIqI ik isMGo hux qusIN dyS dy kony-kony ivc cly jwau
Aqy nwm-ismrn, syvw, siqsMg, kIrqn, gurbwxI dw pRvwh clw ky gurisKI dw ipMf-ipMf sMdyS
phuMcwau[ isMG Drm XuD krngy Aqy qusIN Drm pRcwr kro[ AMimRq dw sMcwr kro Aqy ividAw dw pRswr
kro, gurU nwnk sdw quhwfy AMg-sMg rhygw[
s. SmSyr isMG jI ASok ‘inrml sMpRdwie’ ivc ilKdy hn ik sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny isK
Drm dw pRcwr isr& pMjwb qk hI sIimq nhIN sI rKxw, ies leI inrmly swDUAW nUM AqIq ByK Dwrn
dI KulH dy ky aunHW ny isMGW dy bnwrsoN pVHn swr dyS dy hryk ielwky ivc ByijAw[
fyrw bwbw drgwh isMG knKl (hirdvwr) : SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI AwigAw isr m`Qy Dwrn krky
bwbw drgwh isMG jI ny gMgw iknwry knKl ivKy gurU Amrdws jI dy sQwn dI inSwndyhI krky auQy fyrw
lw ilAw, ijs sQwn ’qy SRI gurU Amrdws jI 21 vwr gMgw Snwn krky Tihry sn Aqy 22vIN vwr gurU
bxn qoN bwAd gey sn[ bwbw jI dy nwl 5-7 isMG hor vI sn, aunHW ny vI auQy fyry lw ley[ aus smyN
knKl bIAwbwn jMgl sI, ijs ivc Syr, hwQI, irC Awid iPrdy rihMdy sn[ aus smyN aus sQwn ’qy
ikqy-ikqy hI ivrly sMq, mhwqmw, qpsvI Awid rihMdy sn[ bwbw drgwh isMG jI ny ibRD mhwqmwvW qoN
pùC-ig`C krky gurU Amrdws jI dw pwvn-sQwn liBAw Aqy sQwn nUM nmskwr kIqw[ ieh sQwn bwbw
jI ny gurU goibMd isMG jI qoN kyvl do vrS mgroN sMn 1710 eI. nUM kwiem kr idqw sI[ bwbw jI ijQy
SwsqR ividAw dy igAwqw sn auQy SsqR ividAw ivc vI pRbIn sn[ iek vwr njImWbwd dy ruhyilAW ny
118
jvwlwpur dy nbwb rwey Aihmd rwjpUq aupr hmlw kr idqw[ hmlw sux ky nvwb Gbrw igAw[ bwbw
drgwh isMG jI dI Srx ivc AwieAw Aqy shwieqw mMgI[ bwbw jI shwieqw krn leI iqAwr ho gey
Aqy morcw sMBwl ky bYT gey[ bwbw jI gMgw pwr qoN hI A`DI rwq qk aunHW dw mukwblw krdy rhy[ Awp jI
dy qIrW dI vwCV ny ruhyly ip`Cy nUM pu`Ty moV idqy Aqy nvwb bwbw jI dI bl-SkqI dyK ky Ascrj ho
igAw[ shwieqw dw DMnvwd krky nbwb ny gurU Amrdws jI dy gurduvwry dy cuPyry dI zmIn dw ptw bwbw
jI dy nwauN ilK ky pyS kIqw Aqy bwbw jI dw Bgq bx igAw[ pMcpurI swDU smwj ivc bwbw jI dw iskw
jMm igAw[ A`j vI ieh sQwn ausy qrHW kwiem hY[ kQw, kIrqn Aqy gurmiq pRcwr kr irhw hY, ies
fyry dIAW SwKwvW dw ieiqhws bhuq lMbw hY[
fyrw kurukSyqr : ies fyry nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI dI AwigAw nwl pMifq id`gvjeI ny sQwipq kIqw[
Awp jI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy pRmu`K hzUrI is`KW ivcoN sn Aqy AwnMdpur ivKy vI gurU jI dI hzUrI ivc
SwsqrW dw pTn-pwTn krdy rhy sn[ gurU jI ny joiq-joiq smwaux smyN pMifq mwn isMG jI nUM kurukSyqr
ivKy fyrw kwiem krky Drm pRcwr krn dI AwigAw kIqI[ pMifq jI ny gurU jI dI AwigAw Anuswr
kurukSyqr srsvqI dy iknwry ‘PUl pRwcI’ nwm dw suMdr AwSRm bxwieAw[ ies AwSRm ivc Awp kyvl
nwm-ismrn Aqy ividAw dwn krdy sn, ijsdy ivc AnykW swDU, ivdvwn, sMsikRq dy DurMDr pMifq hoey
sn, ijnHW ny BwSw ivc AnykW gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI[ ieh gurU jI dI AwigAw duAwrw sQwpn kIqw hoieAw
dUsrw AwSRm hY[
fyrw kubyr vwlw : ieh sQwn vI dsm gurU jI dy smyN ivc sMsikRq dy pRkWf pMifq sMq inhwl isMG jI ny
sQwipq kIqw sI[ ies fyry dw bhuq mwx BirAw ieiqhws hY[ pMifq inhwl isMG jI dy dUsry gurBweI
pMifq mwn isMG jI kubyrIey vI pRisD mhwpurK hoey hn[ pMifq mwn isMG jI dy iSS pMifq rwm isMG jI
kubyrIey vI Awpxy pUrb mhwpurKW dI qrHW aucy jIvn vwly, sqvwdI, jpI-qpI, ijqyidRX mhwpurK hoey
hn[ pMifq rwm isMG jI nUM sRI pMcwieqI AKwVw inrmlw dy dUsry SRI mhMq hox dw mwx vI pRwpq hY Aqy
Awp jI ny AKwVy dy ivkws/ivRDI vwsqy idRVHqw pUrbk syvw kIqI[
buMgw inrmilAW (inrml AKwVw mhMq mUl isMG rij.) AMimRqsr : ijs smyN muZl is`KI nUM imtwaux
vwsqy quly hoey sn, aus smyN sMq koier isMG Aqy hor isK, swDU, ivhMgm, ies gurU ky bwg dy jMgl ivc
hI ibRCW hyT irhw krdy sn[ mDUkrI krky Awey gey nUM lMgr CkwauNdy sn[ Kwlsw pMQ nUM muZlW durwnIAW
AbdwlIAW dy hmilAW dI jwxkwrI bwry swvDwn krdy sn[ AYsy kiTn smyN ivc vI inrmly sMqW ny
gurbwxI Aqy gur-ieiqhws nUM sMBwl ky riKAw[ gurU goibMd isMG jI dy 42 vrS mgroN ib. 1807 nUM sRI
hirmMdr swihb jI dI pRkrmw ivc buMgw kwiem kIqw[ sMq koier isMG ib. 1879 ivc scKMf isDwr
gey[ ies buMgy ivc swry mhwpurK bVy qp-qyj pRqwp vwly nwm AiBAwsI gurmiq gurbwxI dy pRcwrk hoey
hn[
20vIN sdI ivc SRImwn mhMq mUl isMG jI pRis`D mhwpurK hoey hn[ ijnHW ny gurduvwrw suDwr
lihr ivc Akih syvw kIqI, Cy mhIny jylH ivc rhy[ do swl mulqwn dI jylH ivc rhy[ mgroN SRI
hirmMdr jI drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dy AwnryrI hYf gRMQI dI pdvI ’qy suSoiBq hoey[ inrml pMcwieqI
AKwVy dy koTwrI Aqy srb Bwrq inrml mhwmMfl dy pRDwn rhy[ jd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny
pRkrmw KulHI krn dw mqw pws kIqw qW sB qoN pihlW SRImwn mhMq mUl isMG jI ny Awpxw buMgw pRkrmw
KulHI krn leI idqw[ ievjwny ivc SRomxI kmytI ny Awp jI nUM drbwr swihb dy nwl iek iemwrq dy ky
buMgw kwiem r`Kx leI DMnvwd kIqw[ Awp jI dy iSS SRImwn mhMq inrMjn isMG jI au~c Awqmw mhwpurK
sn jo inrml AKwVy dy koTwrI Aqy srb Bwrq inrml mhwmMfl dy jnrl sYktrI rhy[ ies qrHW ieh
119
sQwn pRcwr pMQk syvw ivc Xogdwn pwauNdw Aw irhw hY[ SRImwn mhMq inrMjn isMG jI dy smyN dUsrw
sQwn vI gilAwrw skIm ivc Aw igAw[ SRImwn mhMq inrMjn isMG jI Aqy sMq gopwl isMG jI dy
pirSRm nwl ieh sQwn qIsry QW ’qy inrml AKwVw mhMq mUl isMG rij: dy nwm ’qy sMq AYvIinaU, jI.
tI. rof (jlMDr vl) AwpxI pRMprw Anuswr bwxI dw prvwh clw irhw hY[ vrqmwn dy ivc dws dy
gurdyv SRImwn mhMq gopwl isMG jI Aqy dws (mhMq jYl isMG SwsqrI) Aqy dws dy gurBweI mhMq
igAwnI suKcYn isMG fyry dI syvw sMBwl Aqy gurmiq/gurbwxI pRcwr dw suBwg pRwpq kr rhy hW[
fyrw bwbw gWDw isMG brnwlw : bwbw kysr isMG jI ijnHW auqy klgIDr ipqw jI dI Apwr bKiSS sI[ SRI
AwnMdpur gurU ky lMgr ivc syvw krn vwilAW ivcoN iek sn[ Agy bwbw kysr isMG jI dy syvk bwbw
lMgr isMG jI sn, ijnHW ny ipMf hrIky ijlHw mukqsr ivc gurU jI qoN kyvl pMj vrS mgroN fyrw kwiem
krky ielwkw invwsIAW nUM is`KI nwl joiVAw[ cwlI mukiqAW dI Xwd ivc mukiqsr dw mylw vI bwbw
lMgr isMG jI ny AwrMB kIqw sI[
fyrw Kwrw brnwlw (izlHw mwnsw) : ieiqhws dI iek bhuq pRis`D vwrqw hY ik gurU jI ny iek vwr BgvyN
vsqR pihn ky swDU dy rUp ivc AwnMdpur dy lMgrW dI prK kIqI sI[ ‘qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw’ ivc igAwnI
igAwn isMG jI dy kQn Anuswr gurU jI ny BgvyN vsqR sMq syvw isMG jI nUM bKS idqy sn[ sMq syvw isMG
jI dy do iSS sMq imlwp isMG Aqy sMq hmIr isMG jI sn[ sMq imlwp isMG qoN pMforI in`JrW sMpRdwie
pRis`D hoeI Aqy gurU jI dI AwigAw Anuswr sMq hmIr isMG mwlvy dy jMglI ielwky ipMf Kwry-brnwly
ivc Aw ky nwm-ismrn krn l`gy[ Awp jI dy qp qyj, pRqwp, pRBwv dy kwrx ipMf invwsI Awp jI dI
AiqAMq SrDw nwl syvw krdy sn[ ijQy Awp jI ny invws kIqw sI[ ieh ipMf pihlW keI vwr au~jV
cukw sI[ Awp jI dy qp-pRBwv nwl dubwrw Awbwd ho igAw[ ieh fyrw gurU goibMd isMG jI dy joqI-joq
smwaux qoN kyvl 35 vrS mgroN Awbwd ho igAw sI[
inrml pMQ dI rihq mirXwdw : iek idn BweI drbwrw isMG jI ny BweI rwm koier jI nUM pRSn kIqw ik
jykr gurU ky is`K sMswr qoN auprwm ho ky swDU bxnw cwhux qW iks sMpRdwie dw ByK Dwrn krn, ijs nwl
gurU ky is`KW dw is`KI isdk vI bixAw rhy[ auqr ivc BweI swihb jI ny &rmwieAw ik gurU ky is`KW nUM
inrml sMpRdwie dy swDU bxnw cwhIdw hY[ inrml pMQ dsW siqgurW nUM eISvr dI joiq mMndw hY, sRI gurU
gRMQ swihb jI nUM Awpxw ieSt mMndw hY Aqy pMjW ipAwirAW duAwrw AMimRq pwn krnw zrUrI mMndw hY[
AMimRq pwn qoN ibnw inrmlw sMq bx hI nhIN skdw[ gurU ky gurduvwirAw, qIrQW, buMigAW, ShId-gMjW,
AMgIiTAW, smwDW, q^qW, gurmiqAW, hukmnwimAW dw pUrx siqkwr krdw hY[ gurbwxI, kQw, kIrqn dw
pRcwr krdw hY[ jn swDwrn nUM gurU swihbwn Aqy gurU Gr qoN jwxU krky gurU dy lV lwauNdw hY[ mws,
mdrw (Srwb, APIm, suKw/BMg) Awidk mwdk pdwrQW dw Aqy pr-iesqRI dw inSyD krdw hY[ hor ByKW
dI qrHW inrml pMQ ivc AigAwn Aqy AMD ivSvws nhIN hY[ inrmly sMq suBwivk rUp ivc rihMdy hn,
suMdr vsqR pihndy hn, BgvyN jW suPYd dsqwr sjwauNdy hn Aqy bwkI vsqR vI BgvyN jW ic`ty hI pihndy
hn, ies vwsqy gurU ky is`K inrml ByK nUM Dwrn krn[ ies ivc ividAw pVHn dw AiBAws, nwmismrn Aqy bRhm icMqn krn dw hI inXm hY[
inrmly mhwpurKW dI smwj syvw : inrmly sqpurS mMflIAW duAwrw ipMf-ipMf Drm pRcwr krn lgy[
Coty-Coty v`fy-v`fy ipMfW ivc fyry kwiem krky igAwn dw dIpk jgwaux lgy, pyNfU bìcAW nUM gurmiq dI
isiKAw dyx lgy, gurmuKI ividAw pVHw ky gurbwxI dy pwTI Aqy igAwnI bxwaux lgy, cikqsw duAwrw
rogW dw ielwj vI krn lgy Aqy pVHwaux vI lgy[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI Aqy AnX gRMQ ilK ky
120
fyirAW/DrmSwlwvW ivc sQwpn krn lgy[ vfy qIrQW/myilAW ’qy kQw kIrqn Aqy SwsqRwrQ krky
gurmiq-gurbwxI nUM srvoprI pRisD krn lgy[ ividAwlX KolH ky ividAw dwn krn lgy[
inrmly sqpurS hr pMQk kwrj ivc Agy ho ky ih`sw pwauNdy rhy hn[ dyS dI AwzwdI dI
lihr nUM AwrMB krn vwly inrmly sMq hI sn[ gurduAwrw suDwr lihr Aqy suqMqrqw AMdoln ivc ieh
sB qoN Agy rhy hn[ dyS-syvw, Drm-pRcwr, ividAw-pRcwr ivc vI aulyKxIX syvw kr rhy hn[ inrml
ByK ivc bVy-bVy ivdvwn kQwkwr iviKAwn dwqw mhwpurK hoey hn[ ijnHW ny kQw iviKAwn nwl hzwrW
pRwxIAW nUM sd-mwrg pwieAw[ gurbwxI, guris`KI nwl joV ky lok-pRlok s&ly kIqy[
pMifq hrI isMG jI kQw vwly, pMifq dIvwn isMG jI TIkrIvwl vwly, pMifq nwrwiex isMG jI
ivrkq irSIkyS, pMifq POjw isMG jI mMflI vwly, SRI mhMq pMifq rwm isMG jI hrI ky, pMifq kilAwx
isMG jI, bwbw swihb isMG jI bydI, sMq Bwg isMG jI vrgy Bwrq dI AwzwdI dy pihly sMgrwmIey, sMq
Kudw isMG jI vrgy AxKIly sqpurS, sMq krm isMG jI hoqI mrdwn vwilAW vrgy ismrn vwly qpsvI,
gurmiq dI syD dyx vwly, sMq Aqr isMG jI msqUAwxy vwly, sMq eISr isMG jI rwVw swihb vwly,
AMimRq-sMcwr Aqy kIrqn duAwrw dySW-ivdySW ivc gurmiq dw pRcwr krn vwly sMq hrI isMG jI
khwrpur vwly, sMq bwbw jYml isMG jI syvw dy puMj, pMifq Arjn isMG jI munI sMsikRq dy DurMDr
ivdvwn, igAwnI nrYx isMG jI vrgy praupkwrI, pMifq eISr isMG jI klXug, pMifq hIrw lwl jI
ivrkq, bwbw jvMd isMG jI AwXurvYidk dy DurMDr ivdvwn, sMq iDAwn isMG jI, sMq mlUk isMG jI,
pMifq qrlok isMG jI godVI vwly, sMq bwbw KVk isMG jI, sMq bwbw swDU isMG, sMq bwbw gurmuK isMG
syvw dy puMj, pMifq sdw isMG jI dMfI sMsikRq SwsqRwrQ dy DnI, pMifq gulwb isMG jI, pMifq inhwl isMG
jI, pMifq rwm isMG jI kubyrIey, sMq bwbw GneIAw isMG jI pTlwvy vwilAW ny iek l`K pRwxIAW nUM
AMimRq Ckw ky gurU dy lV lwieAw, sMq bwbw qwrw isMG jI KfUr swihb vwilAW ny AnykW ividAwrQIAW
nUM gurmiq gur-ieiqhws, AwXurvYidk Aqy SwsqrW dy ivdvwn bxwieAw[ sMq bwbw mylw isMG jI bMigAW
vwilAW ny 39 kQw ArQW sihq sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dIAW sMpUrn kIqIAW Aqy 40 vIN kQw ‘iCA Gr
iCA gur iCA aupdyS’ qk krky bRhmlIn ho gey[ AgoN sMq bwbw mlkIq isMG ny kQw sMpUrn kIqI Aqy
10 kQw ArQW sihq sMpUrn kIqIAW[ svwmI mMgl hrI jI ivrkq SRomxI svwmI vwmdyv jI Awid
ivdvwnW nUM Swsqr ividAw pVHweI Aqy dsm pwqSwh jI dw jo vwk sI ausnUM s&l kIqw ik inrmly sMq
bRwhmxW nUM Swsqr ividAw pVHwauxgy[ SRImwn mhMq mUl isMG jI gurmiq dy mhwn ivdvwn Aqy gurduAwrw
suDwr lihr dy mohrI jQydwr ho ky pMQ dI Kwqr jylH k`tx vwly bwbw Twkr idAwl isMG jI vrgy
bIqrwgu bRhm igAwnI, bwbw imSrw isMG jI vrgy mhwn kIrqnIey, suAwmI Bgq isMG jI vrgy qpsvI,
mhMq buFw isMG jI irSIkyS vrgy nwm-bwxI dw pRvwh clwaux vwly, SRI mhMq pMifq sucw isMG jI vrgy
mirXwdw pRSoqm, sMq bwbw in`kw isMG jI irSIkyS vwilAw vrgy mhwn iqAwgI Awp jI gurmiq dI
Adu`qI ivAwiKAw krdy sn[ Awp jI dI ‘sihj kQw’ pVHn qoN pqw cldw hY ik Awp jI dI
ivAwiKAwkwrI ikqnI mhwn sI[ iesy qrHW inrmly mhwpurS gurbwxI Aqy SwsqrW dI smnvY Awqimk
ivAwiKAw krdy sn[ ijs qrHW audwhrx vjoN sqpurSW dw kQn hYAwid pUrn miD pUrn AMiq pUrn prmysurh ]
ismrMiq sMq srbqR rmxM nwnk AGnwsn jgdIsurh]
Å pUx~md: pUx~imd< pUx~wq` pUx~mudÇXqy[
pUx~áX pUx~mwdwX pUx~myvviSàXqy][
qUM myrw ipqw qUMhY myrw mwqw ] qUM myrw bMDpu qUM myrw BRwqw ]
121
qUM myrw rwKw sBnI QweI qw Bau kyhw kwVw jIau ]
Ëvmyv mwqw c ipqw Ëvmyv,
Ëvmyv bNDuÜc sKw Ëvmyv[
Ëvmyv iv´w dõwivx< Ëvmyv,
Ëvmyv sv_ mm dyv dyv:[[
mUk aucrY swsqR Kit ipMg igrn ciV jwie]
AMD lKY bdro sunY jo kwl ikRpw krwie ]
mUk kroiq vwcwl< pu<gu< l%gXqy igirm`[
XË™pw qmh< vNdy prmwnNd mwDwvm`[[
ies qrHW hI dws dy ividAw gurU ivrkq SRomxI suvwmI rvI purI jI dI ikRpw sdkw ies hyT
ilKI pMgqI dw CyAW SwsqrW duAwrw ArQ lgwieAw hY[
QwipAw n jwie kIqw n hoie ] Awpy Awip inrMjnu soie ]
1. sw<$X SwáZSwáZ- pu{†áqu n põ™iq:
iq: n iv™iq: (QwipAw n jwie kIqw n hoie)
sËvrj
sËvrjá
vrjáqmoguxwnW swMXváQw
swMXváQw põ™iq:[ (Awpy Awip) pu{†áqu As|`g (inrMjnu soie)
2. Xog SwáZSwáZ- s pUvy†mip gu}: kwlynwnvÇCydwq`[ (QwipAw n jwie kIqw n hoie)
#lySkm~ivpwkwSXYrprwm÷àt: pu}†ivSy†:[ (Awpy Awip inrMjnu soie)
3., 4. NXwX, vYSyi†k†k- AwËmw n áQwÎX (QwipAw n jwie) n kwX~ (kIqw n hoie)
svw~DwrËvwq` (svw~iDàTwnËvwq`- XNnYvm` qNnYvm` XQw AwËmw
As|`gËvwq` (Awpy Awip) AwËmw inm~l: (inrMjnu soie)
5. mImw<sw SwáZSwáZ- svw~Dwr< (QwipAw n jwie) AkwX~ (kIqw n hoie)
inàkl< (Awpy Awip) inrÊjn<
inrÊjn< (inrMjnu soie)
AwËmwn< Bjyq mui#qkwmo (ApUv~iviD:)
6. vydw<q SwáZirvwip~qm` (QwipAw n jwie)
SwáZ- sv~ÛXwipnmwËmn< @Iry sip~
sip~irvwip~
irvwip
n vD~qy km~xw no knIXwn` (kIqw n hoie)
inàkl< iniàkõ
iniàkõX< SwNqinrv´< inrÊjnm` (Awpy Awip inrMjnu soie)
SRImwn sMq gopwl isMG jI mhwrwj inrml AwSRm irSIkyS gurmiq dy DurMDr ivdvwn Aqy
nwm-bwxI dy AiBAwsI, sMq bwbw dlyl isMG jI ivrkq Awqmw, pMifq hrdyv isMG jI, ivrkq kutIAw
knKl, pMifq nroqm isMG jI inrml CyqR AMimRqsr, pRisD ieiqhwskwr igAwnI igAwn isMG jI
Awidk pRisD hoey hn[ ijnHW dw pRBwv Ajy qk vI sroiqAW dy mnW auqy smwieAw hoieAw hY[ pMifq hrI
isMG jI (pMjwb isMD CyqR) pRisD kQw vwly sMq mMflI sihq nypwl dI Xwqrw ’qy gey[ iek idn nypwl
smrwt ny Kt drSn swDU smwj nUM drbwr ivc bulwieAw[ nypwl nryS ny aupdyS SRvn krn dI ieCw
pRgt kIqI[ pMifq jI ny pRvwn kIqI[ AMimRq bwxI nUM sux ky mhwrwjw prm pRsMn hoieAw[ gurbwxI, vyd,
aupinSdW, purwxW, simRqIAW dy pRmwx/vwkW duAwrw AMimRq pwT krky Awp jI dw Bgq bx igAw[ Awp
jI ny rwjDwnI kTmMfU ivc gurduAwrw swihb kwiem krky sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI sQwpn kIqy[
SRI mhMq pMifq rwm isMG jI hrIikAW vwly vI mhwn ivAwiKAwn vwcspqI sn[ aujYn kuMB
prv ’qy SRI mhMq jI ny Xog smW vyK ky sRI gurU hirgoibMd jI mhwrwj dw gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc
122
kwrwvws vwlw pRkrx suxwieAw[ Awp jI dw pRvcn sux ky mhwrwjw gvwlIAr AiqAMq pRBwivq hoieAw
Aqy PUl bwg ivc gurduAwrw sQwpn kr idqw[
pMifq nwrwiex isMG jI dI kQw SRvx krn vwsqy hzwrW ivAkqI pihlW hI Aw ky bYT jWdy
sn[ jo vI kQw aupdyS suxdw sI nwm bwxI nwl juV jWdw sI[ svwmI lwl isMG jI (pRisD inrml
svwmI) jd vydWq aupr pRvcn krdy sn, hzwrW ivAkqIAW dy mn iekwgr icq ho jWdy sn[ sMq suMdr
isMG jI iBMfrW vwly, sMq gurbcn isMG jI iBMfrW vwly, pMifq hkIkq isMG jI ArivMd rqovwl, sMq
igAwnI suMdr isMG jI kQw vwly pMQ dy mhwn ivAwiKAwkwr ho cuky hn[
rwg kIrqn : sMgIq, rwg Aqy kIrqn ivc Akih Xogqw rKx vwly mhwpurK hoey hn[ SRImwn sMq bwbw
imSrw isMG jI (AMimRqsr vwly), SRImwn pMifq inhwl isMG jI Qohw Kwlsw vwly, SRImwn mhMq g`jw isMG
jI gurU sr (mrwJ) vwly, SRImwn pUjX Aqr isMG jI msqUAwxy vwly, SRImwn sMq suMdr isMG jI iBMfrW
vwly, SRImwn eISr isMG jI rwVw swihb vwly, SRImwn sMq bwbw dlIp isMG jI fumylI vwly, sMq bwbw Swm
isMG jI Awid swry mhWpurS kIrqn ivc AkQnIX pRBwv rKdy sn[
mMflIAW : inrml ByK dy mhwpurKW ny ividAw, gurbwxI, Drm-pRcwr dy vwsqy mMflIAW dw inrmwx
kIqw[ jo auc-jIvn, qp-qyj vwly, iqAwgI vIqrwg ivdvwn mhwpurKW dw cldw-iPrdw vhIr (Drm
pRcwr jQw) huMdw hY[ Awp qiqKSw sih ky mnu`Kqw ’qy aupkwr krdy hn[ pd-Xwqrw duAwrw ipMfW, SihrW
ivc Drm pRcwr krdy hn[ jn sDwrx nUM gurU Gr, nwm-bwxI nwl joVdy hn[ mMflIAW ivc bVy-bVy
ivdvwn mhwpurK irhw krdy sn[ sMq bwbw myjr isMG jI dI mMflI, sMq bwbw svwmI mMgl hrI jI dI
mMflI, SRImwn sMq suMdr isMG jI iBMfrW vwly qQw sMq gurbcn isMG jI Kwlsw dIAW mMflIAW pRisD hn[
Dwrimk ividAw : inrmly mhwpurKW nUM siqgurU klgIDr ipqw jI ny ividAw dw vrdwn bKiSAw hY[
ies vwsqy ieh mhwpurK Awp ividAw dw AiDAYn krdy Aqy mnuKqw nUM ividAw dwn krdy hn[ ijQy
hr fyry ivc ividAw pVHweI jWdI hY, auQy auc-ividAw dy vwsqy ividAwlX vI sQwpn kIqy jWdy hn,
ijvyN buMgw msqUAwxw, qlvMfI swbo, inrml AwSRm KfUr swihb, gurduAwrw gurU sr, DnOlw, ipMf DUVkot,
izlHw sMgrUr, figAwnw AwSRm jMmU, iBMfr klW, gurduAwrw kIrqpur ipMf SyKpurw (izlHw biTMfw), buMgw
iBMfrW vwlw (AMimRqsr), fyrw pMj grweI klW, ipMf sr (izlHw &rIdkot)[ SRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw
knKl vloN sMsikRq dy do ividAwlX clwey jw rhy hn[ ijnHW ivc sMsikRq dI auc ividAw idqI jWdI
hY[ iek ividAwlX knKl (hirduvwr) ivc hY[ dUjw sMgq lwhOrI tolw vwrwxsI hY[ ies qrHW inrml
ByK gurmiq dI Dwrimk ividAw Aqy sMsikRq pVHw ky mhwn praupkwr kr rhy hn[
inrmly sMqW dI swihqk syvw : inrmly mhwpurKW ny jo swihq ivc Xogdwn pwieAw hY, ausdI ijMnI
pRSMsw kIqI jwvy, EnI QoVI hY[ inrmly mhwpurKW ny sYNkVy gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI[ iPr Drm, krm-kWf,
vydWq, nXwX, ieiqhws, imiQhws, tIky, koS, CMd-Swsqr, AwXurvYidk Awidk AnykW hI iviSAW aupr
gRMQW dI rcnw kIqI[ ienHW mhwprKW dw mn iksy BwSw jW ivSy pRqI sMkIrx nhIN sI[ ies vwsqy ihMdI,
bRj BwSw, sMsikRq Aqy pMjwbI ivc smrUp ilKdy rhy[ inrmly mhwpurKW ny gurmiq dI ivAwiKAw nUM hI
muK riKAw hY, ijs nwl swry Bwrq ivc gurmiq-igAwn dw pRcwr hoieAw hY[ dsW gurUAW dy
isDWq/aupkwrW nUM Gr-Gr phuMcwieAw hY[ mhwn lyKkW ivc pMifq gulwb isMG jI, pMifq qwrw isMG jI
nroqm, mhW kvI BweI sMqoK isMG jI, pRis`D ieiqhwskwr igAwnI igAwn isMG jI, igAwnI bdn isMG
jI syKvW vwly, pMifq sdw isMG jI, pMifq eISr isMG jI kljug, pMifq goibMd isMG jI kwSI vwly, sMq
inhwl isMG jI kvyNdR, svwmI mMgl hrI jI, sMq sMpUrn isMG jI pIAYc. fI., pMifq dyvw isMG jI, Twkur
inhwl isMG jI, sMq KuShwl isMG jI, sMq hrBjn isMG jI, mhMq idAwl isMG jI lwhOr vwly, mhMq
123
gnySw isMG jI, SRImwn sMq gurbcn isMG jI iBMfrW vwly, mhMq ibSn isMG jI kRIt, pMifq Syr isMG jI
nOrMgwbwd vwly, sMq bIr isMG jI jlwl vwly, pMifq hrdyv isMG jI irSIkyS vwly, svwmI hrI isMG jI,
pMifq goibMd isMG jI, pMifq guridq isMG jI, pMifq Arjun isMG munI jI, svwmI hzwrw isMG jI Awqm
drSI, SRI mhMq pMifq blbIr isMG jI SwsqrI, suAwmI cMdw isMG jI Awid pRisD mhwpurK hoey hn[
gurduAwirAW dI kwr syvw : syvw ismrn nUM isKI ivc srvoprI mMinAw jWdw hY[ ismrn qoN bwAd syvw
auqm smJI geI hY[ mhwpurK gurduAwirAW dI syvw sdIAW qoN krdy Aw rhy hn[ gurduAwirAW dIAW
suMdr iemwrqW dI auswrI vI sMqW ny hI krvweI hY[ SRImwn sMq hrI isMG jI khwrpur vwilAW ny q^q
kysgVH swihb (SRI AwnMdpur) dI syvw krvweI[ SRImwn sMq jYml isMG jI (qpo bn AMimRqsr) BUrI
vwilAW ny ikMny hI gurduAwirAW dI syvw krvweI hY[ drSnI iemwrqW Aqy srovr bxvwaux qoN ielwvw
keI iemwrqW dI murMmq vI krvweI[ Awp SRI hirmMdr swihb jI AMimRqsr dI pirkRmw ivc hr smyN
JwVU Pyrn dI AxQ`k syvw krdy sn[ sMq gurmuK isMG jI ny GMtw Gr dI pirkRmw iqAwr krvweI hY[
Awp jI ny bwbw dIp isMG jI dy ShId-gMj vwlw pwsw iqAwr kIqw hY[ SRI gurU rwmdws jI dy pwvn Dwm
dI drSnI pirkRmw bxw ky Awp jI vI Amr ho gey[
SRImwn sMq krqwr isMG jI T`ty it`by vwilAW ny SRI hirmMdr swihb AMimRqsr jI ivc auprlI
C`q ’qy sonw lgwaux dI Aqy SRI ptnw swihb, goieMdvwl Awidk Anyk gur sQwnW dI kwr syvw krvweI[
SRImwn 108 SRI mhMq blbIr isMG jI SwsqrI ny gurduAwrw bwl lIlHw dI kwr syvw krvweI[ SRImwn
mhMq inrMjn isMG jI ny pIlI koTI ielwhwbwd, aujYn Aqy nwisk ivc SRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVy vloN
suMdr iemwrqW bxvweIAW[ SRImwn mhMq dIdwr isMG jI ny gurduAwrw 9vIN pwqSwhI dI ielwhwbwd ivc
drSnI iemwrq dw inrmwx kIqw[
SRImwn mhMq dyvw isMG jI inrml bwg hirduAwr vwilAW ny AMimRqsr SRI hirmMdr jI ivc
auprlI C`q dy jMgilAW (ijnHW ivc pRymI bYT ky kIrqn dw AwnMd pRwpq krdy hn) ivc sonw lvwaux dI
aulyKnIX syvw kIqI hY[
mhMq dyvw isMG jI ny sRI Akwl q^q dI pihlI iemwrq ivc (jo 1984 eI. dy AwkRmx smyN
Fih geI) dy koTw swihb Aqy mUhry brwmdy ivc sony dI mnohr icqRkwrI krvweI sI[ Awp jI dy
shwiek myjr hrbMs isMG jI cImw jlMDr vwly ismrn krdy hoey hr smyN sony dI syvw dI ingrwnI ivc
qqpr rihMdy sn[ Awgry Aqy mQrw ivc SRImwn sMq swDU isMG jI monI ny ieiqhwsk gurduAwirAW dIAW
suMdr iemwrqW bxweIAW hn[ ‘sMq syvk jQw’ buMgw msqUAwxw, qlvMfI swboH ny gurUsr srovr iknwry mMjI
swihb gurduAwry dI AdBuq iemwrq bxweI hY[ ies qrHW inrmly ByK dy mhwpurK gurU Gr dI kwr syvw
krky gurUAW dIAW KuSIAW pRwpq kr rhy hn[
AkwlI lihr ivc syvw : sMn 1920 qoN 1925 qk gurduAwrw suDwr lihr clI[ ies smyN hr morcy ivc
inrmly sMqW ny vD cVH ky ihsw ilAw[ duK qsIhy J`ly Aqy jlwvqn hoey[ gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dOrwn
mhMq mUl isMG jI Cy mhIny kYd rhy Aqy mgroN do swl mulqwn ivc vI jylH ktI[ bwAd ivc Awp SRo. gu.
pR. kmytI dy mYNbr cuxy gey[ sMq gurbKS isMG jI igAwnI ilKwrI buMgw qlvMfI swbo, sMq blbIr isMG
jI ‘ivXogI’ sMqpurw mwfl twaUn (id`lI), sMq guridAwl isMG jI bopwrwey, sMq igAwnI jgq isMG jI
AMbwlw, sMq pRIqm isMG jI kot PqohI Awidk mhwpurSW ny pUry mnoXog nwl ies lihr dI s&lqw leI
pMQ dw swQ idqw[
SRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw : inrmly sMq SRI gurU nwnk dyv jI qoN lY ky SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI qk,
siqgurUAW dI syvw ivc aupsiQq rhy[ siqgurW dy aupdyS ihrdy ivc Dwrn kIqy Aqy ikRAwqimk rUp
124
ivc kmwauNdy rhy[ nwm ismrn bRhm icMqn krdy rhy[ sMswr dy pdwrQW nwl kdI lgwau rKx dw ivcwr
hI nhIN bxwieAw[ kyvl ividAw AiDAYn krnw Aqy krvwauxw, nwm jpxw Aqy jpwauxw swry mhwpurKW
dw kMm sI[ vIqrwg ivrkq mhwqmw qIrQW Aqy kuMB myilAW ’qy jWdy qW ijQy-ijQy mn krdw Tihr jWdy
sn[ AMn-CyqrW ivcoN Bojn Ck lYNdy sn[ inrmly sMqW dw purwqn qIrQW (hirduvwr, nwisk, pRXwg rwj,
aujYn, kurukSyqr Awidk) aupr Awpxw koeI AwSRm nhIN sI[ ies vwsqy ienHW qIrQW aupr smyN dy
pirvrqn nwl fyry vI kwiem krny pey Aqy inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw vI kwiem krnw ipAw[
smyN Anuswr swry ByKW ivcoN smidRStI vwlI Bwvnw ^qm hox lgI[ idno-idn n&rq, eIrKw,
dÍYS vDx lgI[ ies vwsqy AnX ByKW dy swDU inrmly ivrkq mhwpurKW nwl eIrKw krn lgy[ kuvwk
bolx lgy[ ieQoN qk jdoN koeI inrmlw sMq ienHW dy AwSrm ivc Bojn pwaux jWdw qW auNglW dI kYNcI
bxw ky kihMdy ‘cotI idau, rotI lau’[
kYNcI idKrw AYsy kih hY ]
rotI qb idh cotI lY hY ]
sMmq 1906 (1849 eI.) ivc hirduvwr dI ArD kuMBI hoeI[ ies ArD kuMBI ’qy ByK vloN
inrmly sMqW ny irhwieS kQw-kIrqn lMgr dw koeI pRbMD nw kIqw[ ies vwsqy keI cMgy-cMgy mhwpurKW
nUM vI Apmwn sihn krnw ipAw[ ies ArD kuMBI ny qW inScY krvw idqw ik hirduvwr Awidk qIrQW
’qy Awpxy sQwn Aqy lMgr dw koeI siqkwrXog pRbMD hoxw cwhIdw hY[
ies vwsqy hirduvwr iek ivSyS iek`T bulwieAw igAw, ijs ivc inrml ByK dy swDU, sMq,
ivdvwn, muKI, inrmly mhwpurK iekqr hoey[ SRImwn bwbw mihqwb isMG jI ivrkq, sMq iDAwn isMG jI
mhwrwj JwVIvwly, sMq gulwb isMG jI, sMq swihb isMG jI ivrkq, Twkr inhwl isMG jI AMimRqsr, sMq
msqwn isMG jI mukqsr, mhMq gWDw isMG jI brnwlw, mhMq rwm isMG jI kubyrIey Awidk sYNkVy
mhwpurKW ny prspr dIrG ivcwr duAwrw cwry kuMB myilAW Aqy AnX qIrQW auqy isK Drm dy pRcwr
vwsqy irhwieS/lMgr dy pRbMD vwsqy ‘SRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw’ sQwpn krn dw pRsqwv pws kIqw[
ieh pRsqwv vI pws kIqw ik Aw rhy hirduvwr dy kuMB mhwpurv ’qy ivDIvq ‘SRImhMq’ nIXq krky
CwauxI bxweI jwvy[ Awey mhMqW, sMqW, gurisKW, sd gRihsQIAW vwsqy hr qrHW dI suK suivDw bxweI
jwvy Aqy SwhI kFI jwvy[
sMmq 1855 eI. ivc hirdvwr dw kuMB Aw igAw, ijs ’qy inrml ByK dy mhwpurK auqSwh
nwl pujy[ iek idn SRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw bxwaux Aqy ‘SRI mhMq’ kwiem krn vwsqy ivSyS
iekqrqw dw smW nIXq kIqw igAw, ijs ivc dyS Br ’coN muKI, mhMq, sMq, ivrkq, iekqr hoey[ kw&I
soc ivcwr qoN auprMq ivrkq SRomxI, SRImwn 108 bwbw mihqwb isMG jI dw nwauN ‘SRI mhMq’ leI boilAw
igAw[ bs nwm bolx dI dyr sI, pRvwngI ivc siq SRI Akwl dy jYkwirAW, ngwirAW Aqy rxisMigAW dI
GnGor ny AwkwS gUMjw idqw[
inrml pMQ vloN SRImwn 108 bwbw mihqwb isMG jI nUM ‘SRI mhMq’ dI p`g idqI geI[ swry sMqW,
mhMqW, ivdvwnW, ivrkqW ny SRI mhMq jI nUM nmskwrW kIqIAW Aqy pUjw kIqI[ AKwVy dw nwau ‘SRI inrml
pMcwieqI AKwVw’ riKAw igAw[ inXm ieh bxwieAw igAw ik swry kuMB myilAW, kurukSyqr, PlgU,
iphovw, AMimRqsr, AwnMdpur, mukqsr, SRI dmdmw swihb gurU kwSI qIrQW ’qy gurU nwnk dy miq dw
pRcwr krnw gurisKW vwsqy irhwieS/lMgr dw pRbMD krnw[ ies KuSI ivc SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw
AKMf pwT kIqw igAw Aqy Kt drSn swDU smwj nUM p`kw BMfwrw idqw igAw[ ies qrHW Awp ByK ivc
pUrn mhwqmw pRisD ho cuky sn, ijs krky pUry snmwn nwl ies kuMB ivc Awp ByK dy SRI mhMq swihb
125
Qwpy gey[ auprMq siqsMg kQw kIrqn dw iek rs pRvwh clw idqw Aqy gurU jI dw Aqut lMgr pRwxI
mwqR leI KolH idqw[ inrmly sMqW dw vfw js hoieAw[ ies smyN inrmly sMqW dI mhwnqw sux ky mhwrwjw
nirMdr isMG swihb pitAwlw ny Aqy srdwr BrpUr isMG swihb nwBw ny Awp Aw ky drSn kIqy, BMfwrw
idqw Aqy byAMq pUjw kIqI[ ies kuMB ’qy AtwrI vwly srdwr kwhn isMG jI Aqy sMDwvwlIey srdwr
SmSyr isMG jI BI Awey hoey sn, ijnHW ny pRym nwl pUjw BMfwry kIqy[ sBnW AKwiVAW nwloN vD ky ies kuMB
’qy Krc kIqw igAw[
iek idn mhwrwjw pitAwlw ny SRI mhMq swihb Agy ieh qjvIz pyS kIqI jo iqMnW
mhwrwijAW ny pws kIqI sI ik pitAwly ivc pMcwieqI inrml AKwVw pky pYrW ’qy sQwipq kIqw jwey[
jo ieKrwjwq mukrr hox auh sB irAwsqW vloN pUry kIqy jwieAw krn[ sMq mhwqmw ienHW g`lW vloN BwvyN
bhuq aucy sn pr vrqmwn dUsry ByKW vloN kuC AXog ijhw vrqwau huMdw swhmxy rK ky Awp ny ieh
bynqI pRvwn kr leI[ kulvMq rwey, mIr munSI Abdul nbI KW, KlI&w muhMmd hsn KW, srdwr vswvw
isMG bKSI Awidk mihlkwrW nwl slwh kr ky iek idn mhwrwjw swihb ny cnwrQlIAW vwlI hvylI
sMqW nUM idKweI jo sBnW ny psMd kIqI[
sMmq 1918 swvx sudI dÍwdsI vIrvwr nUM SuB mhUrq ivc SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI svwrI
nwl inrml sMq mMflI ny pRvyS kIqw[ vfw dIvwn sjwXw igAw Aqy kQw pRsMg hoieAw[ aus smyN nwBw
Aqy jINd dy Aihlkwr Aqy BdOV, mlOd, Kmwxo, CCrOlI AwidkW dy sB srdwr hwzr sn[ sB dI
mOjUdgI ivc mhwrwjw swihb pitAwlw ny pihlW inrml AKwVy vwsqy ieKrwjwq dy 82000 nkd Aqy
BYxI, JMfI do gRwmw dI 4100 swlwnw mw&I Awpxy vloN Ardws krweI[ iesy qrHW mhwrwjw mw&I BrpUr
isMG swihb nwBw vloN 16000 nkd Aqy hrI ky ipMf dI mw&I 575, mhwrwjw srUp isMG swihb jINd vloN
20000 nkd Aqy mMflW vwlw, blmgVH do ipMfW dI mw&I 1300, mhwrwjw vzIr isMG &rIdkot vloN 500
dI swlwnw AwmdnI vwlw cMbylI gRwm Ardwsw krwXw igAw[ ies qoN ielwvw hornW sBnW srdwrW ny
Awpxy-Awpxy ivq mUjb Ardwsy krvwey[ nwl hI ieh disAw igAw ik mkwnW dy Krc leI AlgAlg rsdW AwpxI-AwpxI irAwsq vloN imilAw krngIAW[ ipMfW dI Awmdn kuMB Awidk myilAW aupr
Krc kIqI jwieAw krygI[ iPr smyN dy Anuswr SRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw hrIduAwr is&t ho igAw
Aqy AKwVw pRISd ivc Awpxw mhwn sQwn bxwieAw[ ies qrHW SRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw idn dugxI
rwq cOguxI qr`kI krky gurmiq, gur ieiqhws, vydW, SwsqrW dw pRcwr krdw Aw irhw hY Aqy vrqmwn
dy ivc vI SRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw knKl hirduvwr sMsikRq ividAwilAW duAwrw Aqy kuMB myilAW
aupr AwpxI CwauxI lgw ky gurmiq pRcwr duAwrw AweIAW sMgqW nUM siq dw mwrg idRVHw ky vwihgurU dy
lV lw irhw hY[
inrml sqpurS Awpxy qp-qyj syvw ismrn duAwrw iek mn ho ky inrml ByK dI AQwh syvw
krdy rhy[ hux vrqmwn ivc vI inrml AwSRm irSIkyS dy sMq bwbw rwm isMG jI Aqy sMq bwbw joD
isMG jI smrpx Bwv dy nwl inrml ByK Aqy smwj dI syvw ivc ‘kihby ko soBw nhI dyKw hI pRvwn’
AduqI Xogdwn pw rhy hn[
inm~láX apdyàtw qQYv km~ inm~lm`[
inm~l: s<põdwXoih
dwXoih inm~lmip Aw‰m c[
ijs qrHW- inrml AwSRm hspqwl irSIkyS, inrml AwSRm dIpmwlw pgwrwnI pbilk skUl,
inrml AwSRm igAwn-dwn AkYfmI KYrI klW (irSIkyS), hrI ikRpw islweI kyNdr irSIkyS Awidk lok
BlweI dy kwrj kr rhy hn[ AMn-CyqR duAwrw hzwrW hI iBKSUAW nUM rozwnw Bojn idMdy hn[ hymkuMt,
126
hirduAwr Aqy irSIkyS nUM AweIAW XwqrU sMgqW dI irhwieS Aqy lMgr dw bhuq suMdr pRbMD hY[ krnwl
dy ivc hzwrW bìcAW nUM PRI ividAw dy rhy hn[ SqwbdI smwgm Aqy 29-30 AkqUbr 2009 nUM inrml
sMpRdwie dw sYmInwr pMjwbI XUnIvristI ivc krvw ky Aqy vrqmwn dy sYmInwr ivc pUrn sihXog dy rhy
hn[ AYsIAW auqm drzy dIAW sMsQwvW dI sQwpnw krky Awpxw Xogdwn pw rhy hn[
sMq bwbw mlkIq isMG jI jbV vwly ‘sMq bwbw Bwg isMG ifgrI kwlj’ dI sQwpnw krky Aqy
ielwky dIAW sVkW Aqy pulW dw auc drzy dw inrmwx krvw ky, ielwky ivc ijQy smwj dI syvw kr rhy
hn, auQy nwm-bwxI syvw ismrn dw vI pRvwh clw rhy hn[
sMq bwbw swDU isMG jI SwsqrI pRDwn srv BwrqIX inrml mhwmMfl ck ivhfl vwly
gurmiq dy mhwn ivdvwn Aqy sMsikRq dy pMifq jo ividAwrQIAW nUM gurmiq Aqy sMsikRq dI ividAw
dwn kr rhy hn Aqy ifspYNsrI duAwrw Awey rogIAW dI mu&q syvw kr rhy hn[ Awp bRj BwSw dy mhwn
kvI hn Aqy AduqI vkqw hn[ nwm-bwxI duAwrw sMgqW nUM gurU nwl joVdy hn[
sMq bwbw Bwg isMG jI pRDwn duAwbw inrml mMfl bMigAW vwly jo gurmiq Aqy gur-ieiqhws
dy mhwn ivdvwn hn[ swl ivc keI vwr A`KW dw PRI kYNp lgvw ky sMgqW dI syvw krdy hn[ Awp jI
nwm-bwxI dy rsIey, bhuq inmrqw vwly Awpxy pUrv mhwpurSW vWg nwm-bwxI dw pRvwh clw ky sMgqW nUM
vwihgurU dy nwl joVdy hn[ Awp holy-mh`ly aupr SRI AwnMdpur swihb ivKy duAwbw inrml mMfl vloN
ngr kIrqn Aqy inrml ByK vloN styj lgw ky sMgqW nUM vwihgurU nwl joVdy hn Aqy AweIAW srbq
sMgqW Aqy sMqW mhwpurSW dI irhwieS dw pUrw pRbMD vI krdy hn Aqy qrHW-qrHW dy pdwrQW duAwrw cOvI
GMty lMgr-BMfwry clwauNdy hn[
sMq gurbcn isMG jI pTlwvW (sYktrI inrmlw duAwbw mMfl) sMgqW vwsqy PRI hspqwl clw
rhy hn[ ielwky dIAW sMgqW vwsqy idn rwq AYNbUlYNs duAwrw PRI syvw cl rhI hY Aqy swl ivc do-iqMn
A`KW Aqy Ûndwn dy kYNp lgvw ky sMgqW dI mu&q syvw kr rhy hn[ iesy qrHW ividAwrQIAW nUM gurmiq
Aqy rwg-ividAw dwn kr rhy hn[ hr swl sMgqW nUM Awpxy pUrv sqpurSW dI qrHW pRyrnw dy ky AMimRq
pwn krvwauNdy hn[ Awp jI SWq-icq Awqmw hn[
pMifq jgjIq isMG jI hrKovwl sulqwnpur loDI vwly jo gurmiq, BwSw, gur-ieiqhws, SwsqrW
Aqy AwXurvYidk duAwrw AnykW ividAwrQIAW nUM ividAw dy rhy hn[ Awp gurmiq dy inDVk vkqw hn[
swiDkW dI swDnw vwsqy Awp jI ny hr shUlq smyq Anyk kutIAw iqAwr krvweIAW hn[ Awp nwmbwxI dy AiBAwsI hn, ielwky dIAW sMgqW nUM siqgurU jI dI bwxI nwl joVdy hn[ gurduAwrw byr swihb
sulqwnpur loDI ivKy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dIAW ArQW sihq kQw duAwrw AnykW ivdvwn iqAwr kIqy
hn[
sMq bwbw BgvMq Bjn isMG jI Awqm drSI siqsMg dkohw vwly swry Bwrq vrS Aqy ivdySW
ivc ivcr ky Awqm drSI siqsMg duAwrw nwm-bwxI dw pRvwh clw rhy hn[ AwXurvYidk hspqwl dI
sQwpnw krky sMgqW dw ielwj kr rhy hn jo swry pMjwb ivcoN pihly nMbr aupr AwieAw hY[
igAwnI blvMq isMG koTwgurU (sYktrI srv-BwrqI inrml mhwmMfl) ByK dy mhwn ivdvwn
swihqX SwsqrI hn[ ijnHW ny AnykW hI gRMQ ilKy[ ijnHW nUM inrml ByK dy ivc cldI-iPrdI lwiebRyrI
dy nwm nwl pukwirAw jWdw hY[ Awp bhuq hI inmrqw vwly nwm bwxI dy AiBAwsI sqpurS hn[
sMq pRIqm isMG jI fumylI vwly jo rwg-ividAw dy Awpxy pUrv mhwpurS sMq bwbw dlIp isMG
jI gMDrv dI qrHW rwg ividAw dw ividAwlw clw ky Kud Awp rwg ividAw pRdwn kr rhy hn[ Awp jI
m`Gr dw swrw hI mhInw sMgqW nUM nwm AiBAws krvwauNdy hn[ Awp fyry qoN bwhr nhIN jWdy[ SRI
127
AwnMdpur swihb ivKy holy-mh`ly aupr ngr kIrqn ienHW dy fyry qoN hI AwrMB huMdw hY[ bYNf-vwjw Aqy
PulW dI syvw duAwrw swry rsqy ivc AkQnIX syvw inBwauNdy hn[ AweIAW sMgqW Aqy mhwpurSW vwsqy
Aqut lMgr dI syvw krdy hn[
sMq mihMdr isMG jI hirduvwr vwly bìcAW vwsqy skUl Aqy PRI ifspYNsrI clw rhy hn[
Awpxy pUrv mhwpurSW dI qrHW pUry dyS dy ivc BRmx krky gurmiq dw pRcwr kr rhy hn[ Awp bhuq hI
imlxswr mhwpurS hn[
sMq bwbw jsvMq isMG jI Aqy sMq blbIr isMG jI mMnxhwxy vwly bhuq ivSwl kwlj duAwrw
ielwky dIAW sMgqW nUM isiKAw pRwpq krvw rhy hn Aqy Awpxy pUrv mhwpurSW dI qrHW nwm bwxI dw
pRvwh clw ky AweIAW sMgqW nUM gurU Gr nwl joV rhy hn[
iesy qrHW hI inrml ByK dy swry hI sMq, mhMq, mhwpurS skUlW, kwljW, ividAwilAW,
hspqwlW, ifspYNsrIAW, kQw-kIrqn, gurmiq smwgmW, sYmInwrW, swihqk syvwvW, praupkwr syvw,
gurmiq-ividAw, sMgIq-ividAw duAwrw AkQnIX syvw kr rhy hn[ ivsQwr dy BX qoN ijAwdw ivsQwr
nhIN kIqw jw skdw[
shwiek gRMQW dI sUcI
1. vwrW BweI gurdws jI
2. gurpRqwp sUrj
BweI sMqoK isMG jI
3. mhwn koS
BweI kwnH isMG jI nwBw
4. inrml pMQ pRdIpkw
igAwnI igAwn isMG
5. pMQ pRkwS
,,
6. qvwrIK gurU Kwlsw
,,
7. gurDwm sMgRih
,,
8. gurmiq inrxX swgr
pMifq qwrw isMG jI nroqm
9. mokS pMQ pRkwS
,,
10. gurU qIrQ sMgRih
,,
11. inrml drSn
mhMq idAwl isMG jI
12. inrml BUSn
mhMq gnySw isMG jI
13. inrml pMQ boD
ig. blvMq isMG koTwgurU
14. inrml pMQ dI gOrv gwQw
,,
15. inrml ByK Bwskr
,,
16. gurU vMs Kwlsw pMQ (ihMdI)
,,
17. dmdmw gurU kI kwSI
,,
18. Agm Agwd purK
,,
19. koTw gurU dI gOrv gwQw
,,
20. inrml pMQ dw ieiqhws
fw. prmjIq isMG
21. inrml sMpRdwie
pRo. pRIqm isMG jI
22. nwnk pRkwS piqRkw (dsMbr 2005)
23. klm dy cmqkwr
pRo. ipAwrw isMG pdm
128
24. sMpRdwvlI
25. inrml sMpRdwie (ihMdI)
26. AnuBv Sqk
27. sMpRdwie jlwlw dw ieiqhws
28. bwbw nwnk dw inrml pMQ
29. sRI gurU goibMd isMG AOr
inrml sMq prMprw
30. jpu sMihqw
31. sRI jpujI swihb stIk
32. jpu sMsikRq tIkw
33. AdÍYq isDI tIkw
34. vydWq pirBwSw
35. nXwX isDWq mukqwvlI
36. sRI gurU igrw rupWqr
37. vwihgurU mMqRwrQ pRkwS
38. gurmiq idgivjY
39. jwp swihb tIkw
40. qrk sMgRih pdikRqX tIkw
41. gurU isDWq pwrjwq
42. pMcmwSrm
,,
pMifq Arjn isMG jI munI
sMq ig. suKcYn isMG jI AMimRqsr
mhMq pRqwp isMG
mhMq idAwl isMG lwhOr
,,
hrIpRSwd vYidk munI
svwmI sRI prmwnMd
pMifq inhwl isMG jI kwSI vwly
pMifq sdw isMG jI kwSI vwly
pMifq goibMd isMG jI
,,
pMifq guridq isMG jI
pMifq eISvr isMG jI kwSI vwly
,,
pMifq inhwl isMG Qohw vwly
cMdr isMG (buD isMG jI)
pMifq hrI isMG jI kwSI vwly
suAwmI mMgl hrI jI
129
inrml pMQ Aqy jwiedwd
fw. rwey jsbIr isMG*
inrml pMQ pRdIpkw, sMq gxySw isMG Aqy sMq idAwl isMG vwly ieiqhwsW qoN pqw lgdw hY ik
inrml pMQ Aqy ^wlsw pMQ dovyN Sbd pirAwievwcI hn[ gurU goibMd isMG ny gurmq Aqy pMQ dI ibhqrI
vwsqy pMj coxvyN is`KW nUM sMsikRq Aqy drSn dy AiDAYn leI vwrwxsI ByijAw Aqy auh ividAw pRwpq
krky ^wlsw isrjxw dy mOky vwps Awey Aqy AMimRq CikAw[1 ies qoN bwAd imslW dy smyN inrml pMQ
dw ivkws huMdw irhw[ hOlI-hOlI ies ivc v`K-v`K sMpRdwvW bx geIAW Aqy sMq jn is`KI dy pRcwr Aqy
pRswr vwsqy kul ihMd p`Dr ’qy fyry bxwaux lgy Aqy iek smyN inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw dy rUp ivc ienHW
dw sMgTn ho igAw[ h`Qly prcy ivc ienHW dy jwiedwd v`l rveIey dw AiDAYn kIqw jw irhw hY[ ies dy
AwDwirq somyN AsIN auprokq iqMnW pusqkW nUM bxwieAw hY[
ieh qW TIk hY ik muFly inrmly AwgU iksy nw iksy QW dy vwsI sn[ ijQo qk jwiedwd/Drm
ArQ jwgIrW pRqI ienHW dw rvèIAw inrmwxqw nwl Tukrwaux dw sI msln l`Kw isMG inrmly ny 1821
ib. nUM Amr isMG bGw qoN imldw sujwnpur dw ptw ApRvwn kr id`qw[2 ieauN hI Bgq isMG inrmly ny
mhwBwrq dI kQw suxn dy ievz ivc (1823 ib.) sdw isMG nkeI qoN imldI sq ipMfW dI jwgIr lYxI
pRvwn nhIN kIqI[3 ieauN hI gujr isMG BMgI gujrwq vwly qoN imldw prgnw mIrpur BweI sUbw isMG ny
nhIN ilAw[ pM. inhwl isMG (jpu swihb dy tIkwkwr) ny 1853 ib. ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN iml
rhI jwgIr pRvwn nhIN kIqI[ jY isMG knHeIey rwhIN iml rhy (1846 ib.) cwr ipMf BweI drgwhw isMG ny
nhIN ley sn[ pr iPr rwxI sdw kOr ny bMdw isMG nUM ipMfW dI snd bdobdI dy id`qI[ 1809 ib. ivc
bwbw Awlw isMG dI bytI bIbI pRDwn kOr ny 30 ipMfW dw ptw in`kw isMG inrmly nUM idqw pr aunHW ny ieko
ipMf, Kufw hI mnzUr kIqw[4 iDAwn isMG SwhbwdIAw ny Awpxy swry ielwky dw mwilk BweI krm isMG
inrmly nUM bxw idqw[ ieauN pqw lgdw hY ik inrmly sMqW ny jwgIrW lYxIAW pRvwn kr leIAW[ AsIN
Agy jw ky vyKWgy ik ieh jwgIrW ivAkqIgq mu&wd vwsqy nhIN sgoN lok syvw leI vrqIAW geIAW[
pRmwixk dsqwvyj msOdw dsqUrul Aml ivc jwiedwd pRwpqI Aqy ies dI sMBwl bwry m`dW
hn[5 ieh ies dI srvjnk vrqoN bwry d`sdIAW hn[ ivAkqIgq qOr ’qy Dn-dOlq dI vrqoN dI s^q
mnwhI kIqI geI hY[ (d&w 5)
dsqUrl Aml 1919 ib. ivc lwgU hoieAw[ ies qoN bwAd hor jwgIrW imlIAW[ 1921 ib.
ivc (15-07-1864) ivc CCrOlI vwly lihxw isMG ny AKwVy dy ^rc leI 200 ru. swl-do swl leI ptw
ilK id`qw[ 1890 ivc irKIkyS dIAW dukwnW vwlI zmIn AKwVy dy nW bY krvweI geI[ 1926 ivc
&rIdkot dy rwjy vzIr isMG ny 500 ru. dI mw&I dw ptw id`qw[ 1928 nUM bwbw mhqwb isMG SRI mhMq vjoN
* rItwierf pRo&Ysr, 33 mohnI pwrk, fwk. Kwlsw kwlj, AimRqsr-143003.
mobw. 9915466012
igAwn isMG, igAwnI, inrml pMQ pRdIpkw, inrml pMcYqI AKwVw, knKl, hirdÍwr, 1962, pMny 21-22.
2
gxySw isMG, inrml BUSx ArQwq ieiqhws inrml ByK, pRkwSk hrI isMG vYdXrwj glI bwg vwlI, AimRqsr, 1937, pMnw 81.
3
-auhI-, pMnw 82.
4
-auhI-, pMnw 81.
5
inrml pMQ dw ieiqhws, fw. prmjIq isMG mwnsw (sMpw.), BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, AimRqsr, 2009, pMnw 191.
1
130
inXukq kIqy gey[ ies smyN sMbMiDq inXmW bwry ivcwr hoeI, Dn-dOlq Aqy jwgIrW dy pRbMD nUM pwrdrSI
bxw id`qw igAw[1
hux sMpRdwvW vwly cIdw cIdw mhMqW dy jwiedwd sMbMDI srokwr dI g`l kIqI jwvygI[ gxySw isMG
Anuswr inrml pMQ dIAW 17 Aqy idAwl isMG Anuswr 33 sMpRdwvW hn[ Twkur isMG ny Awpxy gurU vwsqy
k`cI kutIAw pweI Aqy iPr Awp vI aus ivc rihMdy rhy[2
qrn qwrn iek vwr ienHW nUM lihxw isMG mjITIey dy buMgy ivcoN iksy kwrn pRbMDkW ny C`f jwx
leI AwiKAw[ Awp cly gey pr 1904 ib. ivc Awpxw buMgw iqAwr krvwieAw[3 Twkur Bgq isMG ny
&qih c`k ivc 24 ivGy zmIn ^rId ky mkwn bxw ilAw[4 Aqy jIvn isMG ny pwiksqwn bxn krky duKI
hoey mhMq gulwb isMG nUM irKIkyS vwlw fyrw dy idqw[5 ienHW ny mhMq jvwlw isMG dI mOq bwAd aus dI
jwiedwd muk`dmw krky AÎr hwsl kr leI[ pwiksqwn krky hI sMq qyjw isMG dy cyly srdwrw isMG
Aqy l`Dw isMG ienHW pws hI Aw itky hn[ mhMq krqwr isMG nUM Awpxw fyrw (SRomxI kmytI v`loN gurduAwrw
n hox dI ilKq dy bwvjUd vI) is`KW dy h`k C`fxw ipAw[6 sMq au~qm isMG mlHIAW (AMimRqsr) (sMpRdwie
Twkur idAwl isMG) ny ipMfoN bwhr do kutIAW hI bxweIAW[7 BweI m`Kx isMG (m`Cl) AwpxI j`dI
jwiedwd ivcoN ih`sy dy mkwn ’qy sMquSt rhy[8 AMq bu`Fw isMG ny sk`qrI qoN AsqI&w dy ky inrml AwSrm
AwSrm irSIkyS v`l iDAwn id`qw, knKl Aqy bnwrs ivc mkwn pwey Aqy lMgr jwrI kIqy[9
pMifq mhMq mUl isMG ny KYrwbwd vwlw sQwn iqAwr krvwieAw jo irSIkyS JwVI vwly nmUny ’qy
hY[ kutIAw Aqy QVy Al`g-Al`g bxy hoey hn[ ienHW dI syivkw mweI cMdRwxI ny pMj sO ivGw zmIn sRI gurU
gRMQ swihb dy nW lgvweI[10
pM. hrI isMG dy au~dm nwl 1960 ib. nUM swDUAW Aqy sMgqW dy srokwr vwsqy zmIn mu`l lY ky
pMjwb isMD Cyqr iqAwr kIqw igAw[11 nwl hI 1962 ivc gurduAwry dI auswrI vI sMpUrx ho geI[
sM. nOrMgwbwd dy m. nrYx isMG bMfwlw (AMimRqsr) ny fyry dIAW iemwrqW p`kIAW bxvweIAW pr
AkwlI lihr ivc ieh (svwey koTI) dy Ku`s geIAW Aqy Awp nUM do sO rupey mwsk ievjwnw imilAw[
ienHW ny eyny ivc vI sbr kr CifAw[12
nOrMgwbwd sMpRdwie dy mhMq pRym isMG ny (1949) fyry dIAW keI iemwrqW bxvweIAW Aqy
swDUAW dy Awrwm vwsqy keI kutIAW Aqy mkwn bxvwey[13 ieauN hI sMq sMpUrx isMG (iblwspur,
-auhI-, pMnw 187.
-auhI-, pMnw 276.
3
-auhI-, pMnw 280.
4
-auhI-, pMnw 281.
5
-auhI-, pMnw 283.
6
-auhI-, pMnw 287.
7
-auhI-, pMnw 312.
8
-auhI-, pMnw 322.
9
-auhI-, pMnw 324.
10
-auhI-, pMnw 348.
11
-auhI-, pMnw 370.
12
-auhI-, pMnw 403.
13
-auhI-, pMnw 424.
1
2
131
huiSAwrpur) 1988 ivc cOmwsy vwsqy SrDwlUAW/sMqW leI hor kutIAw iqAwr kIqIAW[1 fumylI dy sMq
kpUr isMG nUM c`k nM. 55 qih cVHW vwlw ivclI zmIn dy ievj ivc jgrwvW ivc AlwtmYNt hoeI[2
lyKk sMq eISr isMG rwVyvwlw dy fyry bwry d`sdw hY ik ieQy bwZ bZIcw hY[ fyrw nihr dy
iknwry 50-60 iviGAW ivc hY[ AMdr keI suMdr iemwrqW hn[ ivckwhy gurU gRMQ swihb vwsqy v`fw hwl
Aqy Aws-pws brWfy hn[ dIvwn Awidk vwsqy KulHw ivhVw hY[ gurduAwry dy igrd sMqW dy rihx vwsqy
koTI numw suMdr kutIAW bxIAW hoeIAW hn[ hrt vwlw KUh hY[ GoVy, gaUAW vwsqy vI QW hY Aqy lMgr
pMgq vwsqy vI suMdr iblifMg hY[3
mhMq inrMjn isMG fyrw jlvyVw (huiSAwrpur) pwsoN AkwlI isMGW ny muk`dmw krky fyrw Koh
ilAw Aqy auh AkwlIAW dy mqihq ho ky rihMdy hn[4 dODr sMpRdw dy mhMq hrnwm isMG (fyrw c`kr) qoN
gurduAwrw Ku`s igAw Aqy AkwlIAW dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw qW ienHW nvIN kutIAw pw leI[5 brnwlw
sMpRdwie dy mhMq hIrw isMG dy koeI iSS nw hox krky ieh fyrw dUijAW pws clw igAw jo mhMq inhwl
isMG ny muk`dmy krky ies nMU muV pRwpq kr ilAw[6 mhMq cMnx isMG brnwlw nUM fyry dy auqrwiDkwr dy
islsly ivc ivroDI iDr dI mzbUqI krky Cy swl ijhl (pitAwlw) rihxw ipAw[ AÎr bwhr Aw ky
dUjI iDr nwl smJOqw krnw ipAw[7 mhMq gMgw isMG ny zmIn Aqy jwgIr au~qy mujwirAW nUM Xogqw
Anuswr vswieAw Aqy nwjwiez kbzy Cufw ley[ ienHW ny pMjwb srkwr dy gurduAwrw ibl ivc sMBv h`d
qk sMpRdweI Aqy hor fyry kFvw ley[8 frOlI sMpRdwie dy mhMq hrBjn isMG (fyrw n`QUvwl, iProzpur) ny
ihkmq AmlI nwl 50 Gumw zmIn ’qy mw&I (31 ru. PI swl) pRwpq kIqI[9 ieauN hI mogw fyrw dy mhMq
hrBjn isMG ny Swmlwt ivcoN pRwpq zmIn ivc KUhI Aqy p`ky mkwn bxwey Aqy lMgr cwlU kr idqw[10
disAw igAw hY ik ipMf KMjrvwl (luiDAwxw) dy mhMq nMd isMG ny subHw Swm lMgr Aqy ividAw pRvwh
cwlU kIqy, hor zmIn ^rIdI, keI bYrkW Aqy kmry iqAwr krvwey Aqy tYks vI muAw& krvw ilAw[11
mukqsrIAw sMpRdwie dy pMifq hrdyv isMG ny (1925 eI.) fyry vwsqy s&Yd zmIn ^rIdI[12
bDxI klW dy mhMq virAwm isMG (mihmwSwhI) nUM fyry vwsqy ipMf dI kmytI nwl mk`dmwbwzI krnI peI
Aqy ieh ij`q gey[13 Aijhw hI fyrw gwlb rx isMG dy mhMq nrYx isMG ny kIqw[14
mhMq kyhr isMG jlwl ny mhwrwjw irpudmn isMG nwBw nwl nyV pYdw krky fyry dy nwl keI
rsdW lvw leIAW[15 mhMq pwKr isMG (syKvW sMpRdwie) nUM AwpxI hI cyly Aqy sQwpq auqrwiDkwrI mhMq
-auhI-, pMnw 433.
-auhI-, pMnw 434.
3
-auhI-, pMnw 467.
4
-auhI-, pMnw 480.
5
-auhI-, Bwg-II, pMnw 187.
6
-auhI-, pMnw 47.
7
-auhI-, pMnw 53.
8
-auhI-, pMnw 55.
9
-auhI-, pMnw 74.
10
-auhI-, pMnw 75.
11
-auhI-, pMnw 79.
12
-auhI-, pMnw 93.
13
-auhI-, pMnw 118.
14
-auhI-, pMnw 135.
15
-auhI-, pMnw 129.
1
2
132
Bgvwn isMG nwl muk`dmybwzI ivc pYxw pY igAw[ ienHW bwry lyKk d`sdw hY ik mhMqI imlx qoN bwAd
ieh fyrwdwrI ivc pY gey hn[1 dUjy pwsy fyrw v`fy hrIky dy bwbw rx isMG ny injI Gr dw fyrw bxw idqw,
idqw, lMgr Aqy siqsMg dw pRvwh cwlU kr idqw[2 iesy sMpRdw dy mhMq gurmuK isMG nUM SRI mhMq rwm
isMG nwl muk`dmybwzI ivc pYxw ipAw[ AÎr SRI mhMq jI dI ij`q ho geI[3
iesy dy mhMq hzwrw isMG ny Awpxy fyry nUM ieiqhwsk gurduAwrw ds ky gurduAwrw itRibaUnl
Adwlq ivc ibAwn idqy[ sMgqW dy zor pwaux au~qy ies dw cwrj iesy kol hI rihx idqw[4 TIkrIvwl
sMpRdwie dy mhMq dIp isMG qolwvwlIey nUM s&Ipur vwlI bIbI swihbW ny 18 hzwr rupey Ardws krwey[
ies nwl eykV ipMf dw qIjw ih`sw ^rIidAw igAw[5
56 dy kwl smyN pMjwb ivc Awey bWgr lokW dI lMgr Aqy ibsqirAW nwl sMq bwbw bcn isMG
ny bhuq syvw kIqI[6 ipMforI in`JrW sMpRdwie dy sMq pRym isMG ny jwiedwd ip`Cy audwsI sMq bxnw Tukrw
id`qw[7
sMpRdwie rwmqIrQIAW dy sMq gulwb isMG fyrw fPrvwl nUM Ku`fw invwsI srdwr jYml isMG ny
qrk mwrI ik quhwfy Aqy swfy ivc kI &rk rih igAw[ jy AsIN GrW ivc moh jwl dy v`s rihMdy hW qW
qusIN sMq lok vI gaUAW mhIAW dy jwl ivc Psy bYTy ho[ ies krky &rk d`sx leI Awp qUMbI PV ky
hirduvwr vl c`l pey Aqy iksy dy roikAW vI nw ruky[8
sMpRdwie igVvVI dy mhMq pRym isMG ny 1970 ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dy pRkwS leI AwlISwn
iblifMf bxvweI[ prdysIAW dy Awrwm leI p`kw mkwn bxvwieAw[ keI skUl bxwey[9 pqw lgdw hY ik
ik swrvjnk sQwnW leI kw&I qrjIh id`qI geI[
ieauN ies ByK ny jwiedwd izAwdwqr AijhIAW sMsQwnW dy rUp ivc bxweI hY jo lok syvw,
ividAw pRwpqI Aqy ies dy pRswrx, mwnisk Aqy hor rogW dy invwrx vwsqy hspqwlW dy rUp ivc
swhmxy AweI hY[ auh injI jwiedwd dy h`k ivc nhIN[ aunHW dw mksd AKOqI nIvIN iDr nUM auicAwaux
Aqy is`KI dy pRswrx dw jqn krnw sI[ aunHW ny ieh syvw igAwn pRswrx dy lMgr jwrI krky kIqI hY[
-auhI-, pMnw 143.
-auhI-, pMnw 144.
3
-auhI-, pMnw 146.
4
-auhI-, pMnw 149.
5
-auhI-, pMnw 160.
6
-auhI-, pMnw 161.
7
-auhI-, pMnw 472.
8
-auhI-, pMnw 310.
9
-auhI-, pMnw 352.
1
2
133
inrml pMQ Aqy mhMq bIbIAW
sivMdr kOr*
inrml pMQ, ^wlsw pMQ dw pirAwievwcI hY[ ies ivc izAwdwqr pVHn-pVHwaux vwly
ivAkqI Swiml hn[ gurU goibMd isMG ny pMj is`KW nUM sMsikRq Aqy drSn dI isìKAw hwsl krn leI
bnwrs ByijAw[1 auh isìKAw pRwpq krky vwps Awey Aqy pwhul Ck ky gurU jI dy Su`D ivhwr vwly
inrmly is`K AKvwey[
inrml pMQ dIAW, mhMq gxySw isMG Anuswr 17 sMpRdwvW hn[ mhMq idAwl isMG ny 33
sMpRdwvW dw au~lyK kIqw hY[ inrmly sMqW dy fyry hn jo ik ienHW sMpRdwvW dy AMqrgq AwauNdy hn[ inrmly
sMqW dy fyry srvjnk isìKAw kyNdr hn[ ienHW dy pRbMD leI jwiedwd dI vI loV peI jo ik iksy
ivAkqIgq dI nw ho ky pMQ smu`c dI AKvwauNdI hY[
inrml pMQI sMq izAwdwqr SwdI nhIN krwauNdy pr kuJ-kuJ fyrydwr SwdISudw vI huMdy hn[
ienHW fyirAW dy pRbMD leI ByK vloN mhMq inXukq kIqy jWdy hn[ kuJ fyirAW dw pRbMD smyN-smyN AOrqW dy
h`Q vI irhw hY[ ieQy AsIN fyrydwr bIbIAW dw au~lyK krWgy[ ienHW ny pUrI isAwxp nwl fyirAW dw pRbMD
kIqw[ ivìdAwdwn Aqy hor ivhwrk kwrjW ivc vI Xogdwn pwieAw[
syKvW sMpRdwie dy fyrw kOxI dy mhMq lihxw isMG 1916 eI. ivc smw gey[ aunHW qoN bwAd aunHW
dI pqnI qulsW mhMqxI rhI[ ies ny 1932 ivc Awpxy dyhWq qk fyry dw pRbMD sMBwilAw[2
mweI prmySvrI KfUrIAw sMpRdwie dy mhMq drbwrw isMG dI duhqrI sI[ ienHW dI Xwd ivc
ies ny hMslI dy iknwry bVI v`fI DrmSwlw (AMimRqsr) bxweI[ hr pMcmI nUM bIbI jI BMfwrw krdy hn[3
hn[3 iesy sMprdwie dy mhMq Srm isMG dI syivkw mwqw rwm kOr jI dw jnm mlkpur (rwvlipMfI) dw
hY[ ieh sMq jI dI Srx ivc 40-50 swl pihlW Awey[ Kud ividAw hwsl kIqI Aqy KMnI poTohwr dy
ielwikAW ivc is`KI dw pRcwr vI kIqw[ AwSrm dw kMm vDIAw qrIky nwl sMBwilAw[ Awey gey swDU dw
siqkwr krdy hn Aqy Awpxy h`QIN AMn jl CkwauNdy hn[ ienHW dI cylI bIbI sMq kOr swDU ibRqI ivc
irSIkyS rihMdy rhy[4 bIbI jI dw jnm ipMfI dwdn ^W izlHw jyhlm dw hY[ ienHW nUM mwqw rwm kOr dI
Srx ivc AwieAW 34 swl ho gey hn[ pMifq gupwl isMG dI sMqxI ieMdRwvqI vI kQw vwrqw ivc
isAwxy sn[5
iesy sMpRdwie dy mhMq syvw isMG ny sMn 1935 ivc AwpxI supqnI sMq bsMq kOr nUM fyry dI
vsIAq kr id`qI[ ieh bsMq kOr PuMmx isMG dI cylI sI[ ienHW dw jnm DnOlw irAwsq nwBw dw sI[6
*33 mohnI pwrk, fwk. Kwlsw kwlj, AimRqsr-143003.
mobw. 9915466012
gxySw isMG, inrml BUSx ArQwq ieiqhws inrml ByK, pRkwSk hrI isMG vYdXrwj glI bwg vwlI, AimRqsr, 1937, pMny 4044.
2
inrml pMQ dw ieiqhws, fw. prmjIq isMG mwnsw (sMpw.), BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, AimRqsr, 2009, pMnw 149.
3
-auhI-, pMnw 234.
4
-auhI-, pMnw 247.
5
-auhI-, pMnw 248.
6
-auhI-, pMnw 261.
1
134
sMpRdwie Twkr m`lw isMG mMgvwl ivcoN sMq syvk isMG ipAwvr ielwky dy fyry ivc, sMqW dy
pRcwr vwsqy jwx smyN mweI vzIr dyeI ny rozwnw JwVU buhwrI Aqy DUp dIp dI syvw cwlU rKI[1
sMpRdwie ipMforI in`JrW ivcoN sRI sMq crn isMG rwjigrI (ptnw), p`tI (AMimRqsr) ivc jnmy[
kudrqI hI ijs nwl ivAwh hoxw sI, mr igAw[ iPr iek hor nwl mMgxI hoeI, auh vI mr igAw[ ies
kwrn ieh auprwm ho gey[ AMimRqsr ivc AwpxI BUAw pws Aw ky vydWq, Xog iviSSt pVHnw AwrMB kr
idqw[ ienHW ny BUAw dI slwh nwl sMq dyvw isMG ipMforI in`JrW pwsoN gurU dIiKAw leI Aqy nwm swDnw dw
AiBAws krdy hor audws ho gey[ iPr ieh jMglW ivc qp krn lg pey Aqy rwjigrI (ptnw) dy nyVy
qyVy rihx l`gy[ ienHW 18 swl qpìsAw kIqI Aqy is`KI dw pRcwr vI kIqw[ ienHW dy dyhWq qoN bwAd mweI
ivrkq kOr syvw krdy rhy[2
iesy sMpRdwie dy bIbI eISr kOr (fyrw kmwlpur) ny Awpxy mkwn ivc lVkIAW dw skUl
KoilHAw Aqy auh bVw icr sqsMg krdy rhy[3
sMq vzIr isMG dI syivkw bIbI DndyeI jI pVHy ilKy hn[ ienHW keI vrHy siqsMg riKAw Aqy
1987 ivc cVHweI kr gey[4 bIbI lCmI (syivkw bIbI DndyeI jI) gujrwq izlyH dy sn[ CotI aumr ivc
hI bIbI jI pws Aw gey syvw krdy Aqy pVHdy rhy[ sMn 1931 ivc bIbI jI ny mkwn dI vsIAq ienHW dy
nW kr id`qI[ ieh iPr ieQy hI rihMdy rhy Aqy inrml ByK dy AMqrgq is`KI dw pRcwr krdy rhy[5
ies qrHW bIbIAW ny vI fyirAW dw pRbMD krky inSkwm syvw dw rsqw drswieAw hY[ auh vI
pMQ dy ivhwrk sdwcwrk p`K au~pr kwiem rhIAW hn[ ies ByK dy AMqrgq auh iksy qoN vI ip`Cy nhIN
rhIAW Aqy aunHW gurmq Anuswr jIvn bqIq krn dI sMgqW nUM pRyrnw id`qI hY[
-auhI-, pMnw 359.
-auhI-, pMnw 427.
3
-auhI-, pMnw 455.
4
-auhI-, pMnw 455.
5
-auhI-, pMnw 455.
1
2
135
fueZy lEçnk; }kjk jfpr laLd`r esa fl[k lkfgR;
vkpk;Z
vkpk;Z lrçhr gfj*
gfj
1
lkfgR; ekuo laLd`fr dh vkRek gS ftlesa ân; ds vUr% LFky esa fLFkr lkSUn;Zijd Hkkoksa dh
vfHkO;fDr dk ifjofrZr] ifj"d`r ,oa ifjofèkZr :i feyrk gSA lkfgR; Hkh ekuo laLd`fr ftruk gh çkphu
gSA Hkkjr o"kZ esa oSfnd lkfgR; ls Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk vkjEHk gksrk gSA oSfnd lkfgR; ds nk'kZfud rFkk
vk/;kfRed foospu ds i'pkr~ ykSfdd laLd`r lkfgR; ds çFke egkdkO; jkek;.k esa dkO; bfrgkl dk
lfEeJ.k gqvk gSA ijorhZ dky esa vusd ubZ dkO; ijEijkvksa dk fodkl gqvk, ftl esa x|] i|] PkEiw]
ukVd bR;kfn dkO; xzFa k çdkf'kr gq,A blh ijEijk esa xq# xksfoan flag th dh çsj.kk ls flD[k xq#vks]a
flD[k fpUru] vU;kU; n'kZu bR;kfn ls tqM+ dj x|] i|] ls lEcfU/kr vusdkusd xzFa k laçnk; ds larksa
us fy[ksA fueZy lEçnk; ds dfo;ksa }kjk jfpr dqN xzFa kksa dk mYys[k bl çdkj gS %
egkdkO;
[k.MdkO;
lk/kq gj flag fojfpr
Jh xq# fl)kar ikfjtkr
lk/kq ukjk;.k flag
lk/kq çse flag
Jh xq# ukudkorkj ukVde~
xq# Lrks= =;e~
vuqokn dk
dkO;
O;
lk/kq xq#fnÙk flag
Lrks=dkO;
x|dkO;
lk/kq
lk/kq
lk/kq
lk/kq
xaMk flag
xq#fnÙk flag
fugky flag
gj flag
lk/kq bZ'oj flag
lk/kq cq) flag
xq# fxjk :ikUrje~
Jh xq#xksfca na flagk"Vde~] Jh xq# ukudkfn n'kkorkj Lrks=e~
Jh xqod
sZ 'yksdh Lrks=
Jh xq# xksfoUn flag Lrks=e~] Jh xq# ukud ek/ko;ksLrks=e~
Jh xq# ukudkfn n'kkorkj Lrks=e~] Jh xq# Lrojkt Lrks=e~] Jh
xq# xksfcan flagk"Vde~] Jh xq# ikfjtkr fl)kar Lrks=e~
xq# eU=kFkZ çdk'k
U;k; n'kZUk ds xzFa k rdZ laxgz ij in&d`R; Vhdk
vçdkf'kr dkO;
lk/kq txnh'k gfj
lk/kq fugky flag
lar çhre gfj
vkRe rRo foe'kZ%
tiqth ij laLd`r Vhdk
euksn'kde~] vkRe&Lo:iks·fLe] ukeLej.ke~] Lokeh T;ksfr çhre
gfj% ekuLjksojs ejky };e~
fueZy lEçnk; }kjk jfpr dqN vU; xzFa k tks cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSa fdUrq vçkIr gSa %
lk/kq dkSj flag
xq# dkSenq h
lk/kq xq#fnÙk flag
jkek"Vde~
lk/kq fugky flag
[kkylk 'krde~
*
vkRe vuq“o vkJe pSjhVscy VªLV ¼jft-½] 'kjhQiqjk] ve`rljA
136
lk/kq ia- m/o flag
lk/kq lnk flag
vHkko jgL;] vkJe /keZ jgL;
v}Sr flf) ij lqxe lkj pfUnzdk Vhdk
Jhxq#fl)
#fl)karikfjtkr%
#fl
bl egkdkO; dk ç.k;u fueZy lEçnk; ds çfl) dfo lk/kq gj flag us fd;k gSA bldk
çdk'ku jke çdk'ku] j?kqukFkiqjk] tEew us 1974 esa fd;k gSA lk/kq gjflag th vR;Ur /kkfeZd LoHkko okys
vkSj flD[k /keZ ds bfrgkl vkSj n'kZu ds deZ dks lw{erk ls le>us okys fo}ku~ FksA vki us dk'kh esa
fuokl djrs gq, gh O;kdj.k] dkO;'kkL=] vkSj n'kZuksa dk v/;;u Hkh fd;k vkSj laLd`r ds çfl)
egkdkO; Jhxq#fl)karikfjtkr dk jpuk dk;Z Hkh fd;k] tks lEor~ 1941 vFkkZr~ 1884 bZ- esa f'kojkf= ds
'kqHk volj ij lEiUu gqvkA bl xzFa k ds 1846 'yksdksa dks 15 fojkekssa esa foHkDr fd;k gSA blesa 10 flD[k
xq#vksa dk bfrgkl o.kZu gSA çFke fojke esa xq# ukud nso th dk tUe] cky ØhM+k,a] ;Kksiohr fu"ks/k]
ikf.k&xzg.k laLdkj] xkspkj.k] liZPNk;k vkSj 2 iq=ksa dk tUe ?kVuk,a of.Zkr gSAa f}rh; fojke esa xq#
ukud nso th dk] cgu ukudh ds ?kj lqyrkuiqj y®/kh tkuk] e®nh [kkuk o.kZu ,oa iwoZ fn'kk esa Hkze.k
dk o.kZu gS] ftlesa dq#{ks= dk mins'k] xksj[kukFk ls Kku ppkZ] rkfU=d ukfj;ksa ls ejnkus dh j{kk dk
o.kZu gSA r`rh; fojke esa nf{k.k dh ;k=k esa dy;qx dk xq# ukud nso th dh 'kj.k esa vkuk vkSj d©Ms
jk{kl dk m)kj o.kZu gSA prqFkZ fojke esa mÙkj dh ;k=k dky esa lqe#
s ioZr ij fl)ksa ls xks"Vh] HkkbZ
ykyks dk Hkkstu Lohdkj vkSj efyd Hkkxks dk vLohdkj] ckcj vkØe.k] ekrk firk dks vk'oklu nsuk
oÆ.kr gSA iape fojke esa if'pe fn'kk dh ;k=k esa 'ks[k czkã.k ds lkFk xq# th dh okrkZ] eDdk mins'k]
vpy cVkys ds fl)ksa ls xks"Vh of.Zkr gSA "k"B fojke esa xq# ukud nso th ds mins'k] yg.kk dh ijh{kk
mijkUr mUgsa xqjxíh vkSj xq# ukud nso th dk nsgkolku of.Zkr gSA lIre fojke esa xq# vaxn nso th
}kjk ckyk ds eq[k ls of.Zkr xq# ukud nso th dk thou fyfic) djuk] gqeka;w dk xq# th ds ikl
vkuk] xq# vaxnnso th dh vejnkl dh lsok ls çlUurk] xksbUnoky xzke LFkkiuk vkSj vaxn nso th dk
nsgkolkuA v"Ve fojke esa jkenkl dk xq# vejnkl dh lsok esa vkuk] xq# iq=h Hkkuh dk jkenkl ls
fookg] jkenkl dh xq# HkfDr] jkenkliqj LFkkiuk] xq# vejnkl dk nsgkolkuA uol fojke esa vqtuZ nso
dk xq# jkenkl ls fo;ksx] i`Foh pUnz dh /k`"Vrk] xq# vtquZ th dks xqjxíh rFkk xq# jkenkl th dk
LoxZoklA n'ke fojke esa xq# vtqZu nso th }kjk xq# xzFa k th dh lEiknuk] xq# gfjxksfcan th dk tUe]
pUnq }kjk fnYyh'oj dks HkMdok dj xq# vtquZ nso th dks ;kruk,a vkSj xq# th dk nsgkolkuA X;kjgosa
fojke esa xq# gfjxksfcan lkfgc th }kjk flD[kksa dks Lo j{kk gsrq 'kL= ç;ksx f'k{k.k] pUnq dh çsj.kk ls
xq# th dks Xokfy;j ds fdys esa ca/ku vkSj eqfDr] ekrk dkSyka dks ve`rlj ykuk] dkSylj fuekZ.k] ;ou
lsok ls ;q)] gfjjk; th dks xíh lkSia uk vkSj xq# gjxksfcan th dk nsgkolkuA ckgjosa esa xq# gfjjk; }kjk
vius iq= dks lezkV ds ikl fnYyh Hkstuk] ogka xq#ck.kh esa fd;s ifjorZu ls jkejk; dk R;kx vkSj
gfjd`".k dks xq#xíh vkSj xq# gfjjk; th dk nsgkolkuA rsgjosa fojke esa jkejk; }kjk v"Ve xq# th ds
fo#) lezkV ds ikl f'kdk;r] xq# th dk fnYyh xeu] 'khryk jksx ls nsgkolkuA pkSgnosa ess eD[ku
'kkg yqck.kk O;kikjh }kjk uoe xq# dh [kkst] vkuUniqj LFkkiuk] ckyd xksfcanjk; dk tUe] d'ehjh
iafMrksa dh j{kk gsrq fnYyh çLFkku vkSj egkçLFkkuA iUnzgosa fojke esa xq# xksfcan flag th }kjk flD[kksa dks
'kL= fo|k dk vH;kl] 'k=q }kjk vkuUniqj ij vkØe.k vkSj pedkSj esa xq# th dk ços'k] iq=ksa dks
ohjxfr] NksVs iq=ksa vkSj ekrk th dk nq%[kn lekpkj] f[knjk.kk ;q)] xq# xzFa k th dh iqu% laiknuk] vkSj
ok.kh xq# ds :i esa ekU;rk çnku mijkUr egkçLFkku dh ?kVuk dk o.kZu gSA
Jh xq# ikfjtkr fl)
fl)akr Lrks=e~
e~
Jh xq# ikfjtkr fl)akr Lrks=e~ esa lk/kq gj flag us 39 'yksdksa ds ek/;e ls nl xq#vksa dh
Lrqfr dh gSA xq# ukud nso th dk tUe LFkku] dqy] ekrk&firk] tUe le;] jkf'k] frfFk] vkSj tUe
lEor~ ds fo"k; esa crk;k gSA xq# th ds tUe gksus ij nso fdUuj] jkx] jkxfu;ka us eaxy xk;kA nsorkvksa
}kjk xq# th ds vkxeu dk ç;kstu iwNus ij cákth us ckrk;k fd i`Fkoh vkSj /keZ ds iqdkj djus ij
xq# ukud nso th us mu ds dY;k.kkFkZ nl :iksa esa vkus dk ladsr fn;kA dqy xq# us tUe i=h i<+ dj
Hkfo"; ok.kh dh fd ;g ckyd lk/kkj.k ckyd ugh vfirq dqy dk m)kj drkZ vkSj txr dY;k.kdkjh
137
gksxkA ,sls xq# ukud nso th dh Lrqfr dhA lsok ds /kuh vkSj vkKk ikyd xq# vaxn nso th dh] pj.k
deyksa ds Hkzej xq# vejnkl th] vkuUn Lo:i xq# jkenkl th] Kkuke`r vkSj tyke`r ljksoj esa fo'ks"k
o`f) drkZ] ck/; vkSj vkH;Ur [kM+x ds /kuh xq# gfj xksfcan dh] cy oh;Z ;qDr gfj jk; dh] ckyxq# gfj
d`".k dh] lekf/kLFk jgus okys fl) f'kjksef.k xq# rsx cgknj dh] 'k=q neu drkZ&egk;ks)k xq# xksfcan
flag th dh Lrqfr dh gSA
Jh xq# Lrojk
Lrojkt
t Lrks=e~
bl Lrks= esa lk/kq gj flag us ukS 'yksdksa }kjk xq# ukud nso th dh Lrqfr gS] ijekRek dk
ueLdkj :i eaxypj.k fd;k gS] xq# ukud nso th dks Kku Lo:i] fefFk;k lalkj rkjus okys] ;ksxhvksa
ds ;ksx ls vrhr] Kkfu;ksa ds Kku ls vrhr] nk'Zkfudksa ds n'kZu ls vrhr vkSj eu ok.kh ls vrhr crk;k
gSA xq# ukud nso th dsoy txr ds m)kj gsrq bl lalkj esa vk;sA ftUgksa us nks iq=] iRuh] ekrk&firk]
Lc x`g R;kx dj pkj mnkfl;ka /kkj.k dhA
ftKklq dks foosd] oSjkx;] 'ke] ne] frfr{kk] mijfr lek/kku vkSj J)k ;qä djds mu esa Kku
dk cht Mky dj eks{k :ih Qy çnku fd;kA ,sls xq# ukud nso th dk eSa Hktu djrk gw¡A vafre
'yksd esa Lrks= dk egkRe crkrs gq;s dgk gS fd vki lnk lq[k çkfIr vkSj iq.; xzg.k djus gsrq ykSfdd
lq[kksa dk R;kx djks bl Lrks= dks i<+ dj xq# ukud nso th dk Hktu djksA
xq# xksfcan flagk"Vde~
lk/kq gj flag us xq# xksfcan flag v"Vd esa vkB 'yksdkas }kjk xq# xksfcan flag ds fuxq.Z k Lo:i
dk o.kZu djrs gq;s Lrqfr dh gSA bl esa dfo us xq# ukud nso th dk eaxy fd;k gSA çkjaHk esa xq#
xksfcan flag ds fujkdkj vkSj vukfn 'kfä ds dkj.k lkdkj :i okys xq# xksfcan flag dks ç.kke fd;k gSaA
ftl us fefFk;k lalkj esa cyh dks Nyus gsrq ckou] nSR; fouk'k gsrq ujflag] jko.k o/k gsrq jke] dal o/k
gsrq d`".k :i /kkj.k fd;k gaS ,sls xq# xksfcan flag dks eSa ç.kke djrk gw¡A ;g Lrks= lk/kq gj flag us
dk'kh esa jg dj f'kojkf= ds fnu lu~ 1971 esa fy[kk gSA
Jh xq# ukudkfn n'kkorkj Lrks=e~
Jh xq# ukudkfn n'kkorkj Lrks=e~ esa lkèkq gj flag us }kn'k 'yksdksa esa nl xq#vksa dh Lrqfr
dh gSA loZçFke nl xq#vksa dk ueLdkj :i eaxykpj.k fd;k gSA vki us Hkxoku~ jke ds fuxq.Z k Lo:i
dSoY; dks Hkxoku f'ko 'kfDr vkSj x.ks'k tks fuxq.Z k :i esa vkReLo:i gS]a mudks vkSj Hkxoku fo".kq ds
fuxq.Z k Lo:i lfPpnkuUn dks ueu fd;k gSA vc vki Jh jke ds lxq.k Lo:i dks ftUgksua s vlqj lagkj
fd;k] mudks ;kn fd;kA lxq.k Lo:i esa lk/kq gj flag vc vius eq[; fo"k; n'k xq#vksa dh Lrqfr gsrq
vius fo"k; dh vksj vkxs c<+rs gSAa xq# ukud nso th tks nsorkvksa ds oanuh; vkSj txr dk Hk; nwj
djus okys gS]a mudh eSa oanuk djrk gw¡A f}rh; xq# vaxn nso th tks Hkzkfa r dks nwj djus okys vkSj 'kksd
dks feVkus okys gS]a eSa mudk oUnu djrk gw¡A r`rh; xq# vejnkl th ftUgksua s o`)koLFkk esa Hkh xkxj esa
ty Hkj dj xq# vaxn nso th dh lsok dh] mudh oUnuk dh gSA prqFkZ xq# jkenkl th ftUgksua s
ve`rlj esa ^ve`r dk ljksoj* vkSj mu ds iq= ftUgksua s ik¡posa xq# vtquZ nso th ftUgksua s ^xq# xzUFk lkfgc*
:ih Kku dk ljksoj rS;kj fd;k] ftls ok.kh dk tgkt Hkh dgk gS] mudks ueu fd;k gSA NBs xq#
gfjxksfcUn tks 'k=q lagkjd vkSj flf) nkrk gSa] mudks ;kn fd;k gSA lIre xq# gfjjk; tks 'kkar] /khj]
xEHkhj gSa vkSj muds iq= v"Ve~ xq# tks fodkj jfgr] f'k'kq vkd`fr okys gS]a mu v"Ve~ xq# gfjd`".k dh eSa
oUnuk djrk gw¡A uoe~ xq# rsx cgknqj th tks 26 o"kZ 9 eghus 13 fnu i;ZUr lekf/k esa yhu jgs] mudh
vkSj 'k=q lagkjd xq# xksfcUn flag dh eSa oUnuk djrk gw¡A xq# ukud nso th ds cM+s iq= ckck Jh pUn
th vkSj tks loZ&flf) nkrk gSa dk Hkh oUnu fd;k gSA var esa iqu% n'k xq#vksa dks] ckck Jh pUnz th dks
ueu djds Lrks=e~ lekIr fd;k gSA lk/kq gfj flag us vfrla{ksi vkSj lkj :i esa vyadkj vkSj NUn ;qDr
xq#vksa dh Lrqfr dh gSA
lk/kq gj flag us vius pkj Lrks=ksa esa n'k xq#vksa dh oanuk lw= :i 'kSyh esa dh gSA egkdkO;
flD[k /keZ ds nl xq#vksa ls lacf/kr bfrgkl] fnO; Kku] vkns'k bR;fn dk lfoLrkj o.kZu fd;k gSA
138
viuh bu d`fr;ksa esa vkius lkfgR; ds fl)karksa dk ikyu djrs gq;s Hkko dh Li"V :i ls vfHkO;fä dh
gSA
ukudkorkj ukVde~
lUr ukjk;.k flag th dh ,d gh jpuk gS % Jhxq#ukudkorkjukVdaA ;g jpuk ,d y?kq ukVd
gSA ;g 2 vadks esa foHkDr gSA bl ds çFke vad esa 37 'yksd vkSj f}rh; vad esa 91 'yksd gSAa bl jpuk
dk eq[; /;s; xq# ukud nso th dks txr ds dY;k.kkFkZ vorfjr gksuk fl) djuk gSA
bl ckr dk çfriknu vki us nks çeq[k ik=ksa % iwoZ i{kh vkSj fl)karh ds ek/;e ls dh gSA bl
esa fl)karh ik= ds eq[k ls lUr ukjk;.k flag us vius er dk çn'kZu fd;k gS vkSj iwoZ i{kh ik= ds
ek/;e ls fd;s x;s la'k;ksa dk lekèkku Hkh fd;k gSA
bl ds çFke vad esa fofHkUu fo'ks"k.k yxkdj nl xq#vksa dks ueLdkj dh gSA vdky iq#"k dky
jfgr] ca/k eks{k jfgr gSA lalkj vfuoZpuh;] v/;kjksi ek= gSA tho ek;k ds dkj.k ukuk gSAa bZ'oj ,d
gSA nSR;] nq"Vksa ds oèk gsrq vkSj Hkäksa dh j{kk gsrq fofHkUu ;qxkas esa fofHkUu :i ys dj ijekRek Lo;a vkrs
gSA mlh Ja[` kyk esa nl xq# Hkh nq"V lagkj vkSj Hkä m)kj gsrq txr esa vk;sA xq# xksfcan flag th us
ikap fueZys lUr (HkkbZ deZ flag] ohj flag] xaMk flag] lS.k flag vkSj jke flag) vkSj ikap I;kjs (HkkbZ n;k
flag] /keZ flag] fgEer flag] eksgde flag] vkSj lkgc flag) rS;kj fd;s A ftu esa lsa lUrksa us lRoxq.k dh
ç/kkurk ls Kku dh j{kk dh vkSj [kkyls us jtks xq.k dh ç/kkurk ls fo}kuksa dh j{kk dhA bl ds f}rh;
vad esa iwoZ i{kh us 'kadk dh gS fd xq# ukud nso th ds txr dY;k.kkFkZ vkxeu dk çek.k D;k gS \
bl 'kadk ds lekèkku esa fl)karh us çFke çek.k }kjk crk;k fd egkHkkjr dks ikapoka osn ekuk x;k gSA
ml egkHkkjr esa viuk l`tu djrk gSA lk/kqvksa ds ifj=k.k ds fy,] nq"Vksa ds fouk'k ds fy, rFkk èkeZ dh
LFkkiuk ds fy, eSa ;qx ;qx esa vorfjr gksrk gw¡A vr% xq# ukud nso th dY;qx esa /keZ dh LFkkiuk gsrq
vorfjr gq, gaSA
bl ds f}rh; çek.k esa fl)karks us Jhen~ Hkkxor~ iqjk.k ds ,dkn'k LdU/k esa ;ksx;ksa us jktk
tud dks crk;k fd Hkxoku ds vla[; vorkj gq, gSAa mu vla[; vorkjksa es Jh xq# ukud nso th Hkh
Hkxoku ds :i esa gh vorfjr gq, gSAa
iwoZ i{kh }kjk 'kadk
;fn Hkxoku ds vla[; vorkj gSa rc rks lHkh /kkfeZd O;fDr Hkxoku ds gh vorkj gq,A blesa
xq# ukud nso th Hkh vU; /kkfeZd O;fDr;ksa dh gh rjg ,d /kkfeZd O;fDr gq,A
fl)
fl)karh }kjk lek/kku
lHkh /kkfeZd O;fDr tho dksfV esa iSnk gksrs gSa fdUrq vorkjh iq#"k bZ'oj dksfV esa vorfjr gksrs
gSAa xq# ukud nso th bZ'oj dksfV esa vorfjr gq, gSa tSls fcUnq vkSj leqnz y{; :i ty esa lekurk gS
fdUrq okP; esa lekurk ugha gSA oSls gh tho vkSj bZ'oj lHkh esa y{; :i ls Hkxoku dh lekurk gS fdUrq
okP; :i esa ughaA tho ds okP; vkSj bZ'oj ds okP; esa varj gSA tho dk okP; og gS ftl esa N% ygjsa
gksa % Hkw[k&I;kl] g"kZ&'kksd vkSj tUe&e`R;qA bZ'oj dh ygjksa dks Hkkx dgrs gSa os bl çdkj gS % lexz
,s'o;Z] èkeZ] ;'k] Jh] Kku vkSj oSjkX;A Hkx (6 ygjs)a +$oku (okyk) = HkxokuA tks bZ'oj Hkx ;qDr] egku]
loZK] loZ'kfDreku gS og Hkxoku gSA xq# ukud nso th dk 'kfDr;qDr (Hkx+$oku) gksuk fuEufyf[kr
?kVukvksa ls fl) gksrk gS %
,d ckj tc xq# ukud nso th isM+ ds uhps lekf/kLFk Fks rks fpgjs ij /kwi vk xbZA xq# th
dh /kwi ls j{kk djus gsrq fgald liZ us Hkh xq# th dh (vius Qu QSykdj) lsok dhA
tc xq# th dh HkSlksa us dq"kd ds {ks= dks {kfrxzLr fd;k rks xq# th dh ,d n`f"V us ml
{kfrxzLr {ks= dks iqu% ygygkrk dj fn;kA
oyh da/kkjh us tc xq# th ds f'k"; enkZuk dks ikuh nsus ls bUdkj dj fn;k rks xq# th dh
fnO; 'kfDr us ml dk lkjk ikuh igkM+h ls uhps cgk fy;kA ;g ns[k oyh dU/kkjh dks Øks/k vk x;k vkSj
139
ml us ,d cM+s iRFkj }kjk xq# th dks ekjus gsrq çgkj fd;kA xq# th us ml iRFkj dks vius gkFk ls
jksd fn;kA bl ij xq# th ds gLr fpUg iRFkj ij Ni x;s] tks vkt Hkh fo|eku gSAa
xq# ukud nso th tc fl)ksa ds ikl x;s ogk¡ xq# th ihiy ds isM+ ds uhps lekf/kLr FksA
fl)ksa us xq# ukud nso th dks ekjus vFkok ogka ls Hkxkus gsrq viuh fnO; rkdr ls ml isM+ dks m[kkM+
dj xq# th ij QSd
a uk pkgkA xq# ukud nso us vius gkFk dh ,d maxyh ml o`{k ds ,d iÙks ij j[k
nh] ftl dkj.k fl)ksa dh lEiw.kZ rkdr Hkh ml isM+ dks m[kkM+us esa lQy u gqbAZ ml o`{k ds çR;sd iÙks
ij xq# th dh maxyh ds fpUg m|`r gks x;sA
tc nsoywrd jk{kl us xq# th dks [kk tkus gsrq eq[k [kksyk rks og jk{kl va/kk gks x;kA d©Ms
jk{kl }kjk tc xq# th ds xk;d f'k"; enkZuk dks xeZ rsy ds dM+kgs esa QSd
a k tkuk Fkk] rc enkZuk us
bl d"V ls cpko gsrq xq#
q ukud nso th dks eu gh eu çkFkZuk dhA xq# dìk ls og xeZ dM+kgk BaMk
gks x;kA ;s lHkh fnO; 'kfDr;ka çekf.kr djrh gSa fd xq# ukud nso th Hkxoku dk gh vorkj gSAa
,d ckj xq# ukud nso th osbaZ unh esa Luku djus gsrq x,A ogk¡ ls rhu fnu ç;Ur vyksi
jgsA ogka ls ykSV dj xq# th us ftKklqvksa dks vksd
a kj dk Kku fn;kA ftlls lEiw.kZ l`f"V mRiUu gqbZ gS
vkSj mlh ds uke ls tho Hkolkxj ls ikj gks tkrk gSA
iwoZ i{kh }kjk vU; çek.k dh vkdka{kk djus ij fl)karh us LdUn iqjk.k jkt[k.M ds gokys ls
crk;k fd egkfo".kq (Hkxoku dh loksiZ ;Z 'kfDr) us dgk gS fd dy;qx esa txr ds m)kj gsrq eSa gh n'k
vorkjksa (xq# ukud vkfn) esa vkÅaxkA
bu lHkh çek.kksa ds }kjk fl)kafr us iwoZ i{kh ds la'k;ksa dk lek/kku fd;k vkSj xq# ukud nso
th dks Hkxoku dk vorkj fl) djds var esa xq# th dks ç.kke fd;k gSA
Jh xqod
sZ 'yksdhLrks=e~
lk/kq xqjfnÙk flag th us ;gk¡ ,d gh 'yksd esa xq# ukud nso th ds ckjs esa crk;k gS fd xq#
th nsoksa ds nso gSA ogh çgykn dh j{kk gsrq [kaHks ls u`flag :i esa çxV gq;]s jko.k fouk'k gsrq jke :i
es]a dal o/k gsrq d`".k :i esa vkSj dy;qx esa HkDrksa dh j{kk gsrq xq# ukud nso th Lo;a vk;s gS]a mu dk
eSa Hktu djrk gw¡A
Jh xq# ukudk
ukudk"Vde~
"Vde~
;g ,d [k.M dkO; gSA lk/kq xqjfnÙk flag us nks v/;k;ksa esa xq# ukud nso th dh Lrqfr dhs
gSA çFke v/;k; esa xq# ukud nso th ds nksukas Lo:iksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA loZ çFke vki ds fuxq.Z k :i
dk o.kZu djrs gq;s dgk gS fd % ;g txr dk vk/kkj] ikyd] rkjd vkSj ifo= gSA vki dke] eks{k] Kku]
/;ku vkSj çk.k ds nkrk gaSA
xq# th ds lxq.Z k Lo:i dk o.kZu djrs gq;s crk;k gS fd vki ek¡ rÌrk ds ykMys] firk dkyw
}kjk ikys x;s] cgu ukudh }kjk ukud fujadkj dk :i gS igpku x;sA xzke ds eq[kh;k jk; cqykj }kjk
lRdkj çkIr djus okys] oS|jkt dks fcekjh fn[kkus ds cgkus rkjus okys gSA Hkä ykyks us J)k ls ftu
dh lsok dh] lezkV ckcj us çHkq :i ns[k dj lRdkj fd;kA ukFk] ;ksxh] Hkä] nsork lc ds }kjk iwftr]
lTt.k Bx dk m)kj djus okys] pksj&Øwj&ew<&
+ ikih bu dk m)kj djus okys] yksHk&eksg bR;kfn nksuksa
dks nwj djds] Kku nsus okys] ftu dks ge Kku ds ek/;e ls tku ldrs gS] ml lalkj ds rkjd dks eSa
ueu djrk gw¡A var esa egkre crk;k gS fd tks dksbZ xq# ukud nso th ds lkFk lac/a k LFkkfir djrk gS
og lq[k] iq.; vkSj eks{k dks miyC/k gksrk gSA
Jh xq# ukudk"Vde~ ds f}rh; v/;k; esa lk/kq xqjfnÙk flag us xq# ukud nso th ds Lo:i dk
o.kZu djrs gq;s mUgsa fueZy] fujatu vkd`fr jfgr crk;k gS mu dk Hktu djus okys ds eksg iki fodkj
nwj gkrs gSa vkSj iq.; ds lkFk lkFk Hkksx vkSj eks{k nksuksa çkIr gksrs gSAa
Jh xq# fxjk :ikrje~
lk/kq xqjfnÙk flag th us ml esa Jh xq# rsx cgknj th dh ok.kh dks tks vkfn Jh xq# xzUFk
lkfgc th esa 1426 ij vafdr gS] tks oSjkX;] çse vkSj Kku Hkjiwj gS] ml ds 57 'yksdksa dks vki us
140
laLd`r esa 52 'yksdksa esa vuqokn fd;k gSA xq# th }kjk jfpr ok.kh ls vR;f/kd yksx rks ifjfpr gSa fdUrq
tks dsoy laLd`r gh tkurs gSa xq#eq[kh ugha tkurs ;g xzUFk mu ds fy;s fy[kk x;k gSA ;g xzUFk Jherh
cyoUrh nsoh gfj}kj czãdqVh fuoklh }kjk fo0 lEor~ 1992 (lu~ 1935) esa çFke ckj 1000 çfr
ejduVk;y çSl esa NikA bl ds çkjaHk esa xzUFk drkZ us 9 'yksdksa esa xzUFk ds çkjEHk esa nl xq#vksa dk] Jh
jke th dk vkSj nsoh Lojlorh dk eaxy fd;k gS vkSj var esa rhu 'yksdksa esa xzUFk dh lekIrh dh gSA
vki us 'yksdksa dk vuqokn djrs gq;s lkfgR; ds :i (jl] NUn] vyadkj xq.k] jhfr) dk ç;ksx ;Fkk
ldq'ky fd;k gSA bl ds lkFk vki us vuqokn djrs gq, xq# th ds Kku vkSj Hkko dks iw.kZ:is.k çnf'kZr
fd;k gSA
Jh xq# ukud Lrks=e~
lUr xaMk flag us bDdhl 'yksdksa }kjk Jh xq# ukud Lrks=e~ esa xq# ukud nso th ds
ijksidkjh LoHkko dh Lrqfr dh gS ftUgksua s ijksidkj gsr]q vU; tuksa ds fo?u] fpark] dys'k nwj djus gsrq
vtUek gksus ij Hkh tUe fy;kA ,sls xq# ukud nso th dh Lrqfr yksd esa vkSj osn esa Hkh gSA vki dh
ok.kh fç;] lalkj :ih leqUnz ikj djkus okyh] vKkurk dks nwj djus okyh gSAa xq# ukud nso th ls
lac/a k LFkkfir djus okyksa dks prqjoxZ Qy çkfIr gksrh gS] ew<+ xq.koku gksrs gaaS] ujd dk var gksrk gS]
foifÙk ugha vkrh vkSj bUnzh; vrhr lq[k çkIr gksrk gSA ,sls xq# ukud dh eSa oanuk djrk gw¡A vki us
var esa xq# ukud nso th ds çfr lw>&cw> nsus okys Kku nkrk (xq#) lar fugky flag dks Hkh rhu ckj
oanu fd;k gSA
Jh xq# xksfcan flagk"Vde~
lUr xaMk flag us Jh xq# xksfcan flagk"Vde~ esa xq# th dks fuR;] vtUek] vKs;] Jqfr ls tkus
tk ldus okys] ijksidkjh crk;k gSA dy;qx ds j{kd xq# xksfcan flag dks çkIr djus gsrq yksx gou] ikB
bR;kfn dk furuse djds iq.; ,df=r djrs gSA dfotu mu dks ân; esa fcBkdj mu dh Lrqfr djrs
gSAa Lrqfr djus okys dh xq# xksfca Un flag j{kk djrs gSA
xq#eU=kFkZçdk'k
bl xzFa k dh jpuk fueZy lEçnk; ds çfl) dfo bZ'oj flag us x| dkO; esa dh gS] ftldk
çdk'ku ckEcs e'khu çSl] ykgkSj ls 1909 esa gqvkA vki laLd`r fo|k xzg.k gsrq 30 o"kZ i;ZUr dk'kh jgsA
vki O;kdj.k] lkfgR;] osn] osnkax "kV~n'kZu esa fu".kkr FksA blds vfrfjDr vki mnw]Z Qkjlh] xqjok.kh] xq#
bfrgkl ds eeZK vkSj dq'ky flrkjoknd Hkh FksA fueZy laçnk; ds lkèkq] "k"V n'kZuh lk/kq o vU; fo}ku
vki dks ^fo|k ekjraM*] ^fo|k eqdVq ef.k* dg dj lEekfur djrsA vki us dk'kh] =~;Ecds'oj] njHkaxk]
èkeZ'kkyk] eaMh] ukHkk] ifV;kyk] than bR;kfn 'kgjksa esa vusdkusd ckj 'kkL=kFkZ fd;s vkSj fot;h gq,A bl
esa okfgxq# ea= dks eks{k nkrk fl) djus gsrq 19 v/;k;ksa esa okfgxq# ea= ds vFkZ çLrqr fd;s gSAa okfgxq#
dh /kkrq çR;; in vFkZ Kku }kjk] O;kdj.k] U;k;] osnkar jhfr ls] laKk ls] :f<+ ls] lekl bR;kfn fofHkUu
çdkj ls O;k[;k dh gSA okfgxq# dks bZ'ojokpd] bZ'oj ls fHkUu fuxq.Z k okpd] lxq.k fojkV czã dk
okpd] xq# okpd] 'kq)kReLo:i] vKkuuk'kd] KkuLo:i] ns'kdkyoLrq'kwU;] vfHkUu fufeÙkksiknku dkj.k]
fo".kq&f'ko&'kfä&lw;Zokpd] ve`r lathouh] dke/ksu]q dYinzeq ] fparkef.k] ;U=&eU=&rU= dk vk/kkj]
lekf/k&flf) nk;d crk;k gSA rkfdZdksa dks rdkZuqlkj vkSj J)k;qä yksxkas dks J)kuqlkj] iwoiZ f{k;ksa ds
çfr mÙkj nsrs gq;s vki us okfgxq# ea= dks eks{knkrk fl) fd;k gSA
Jh xq# xksfcUn
cUn flag Lrks=e~
lar fugky flag th us Jh xq# xksfcUn flag Lrks=e~ esa ukS 'yksdksa esa xq# xksfcUn flag th ds
fuxq.Z k Lo:i dh Lrqfr dh gSA bl dk çkjEHk Jh xq# ukud nso th ds ueLdkj :i eaxy ds lkFk
fd;k gSA x.ks'k] okxh'k] czãk] f'ko vkSj gfj dks Hkh ueu fd;k gSA xq# xksfcUn flag th dks fuR;] 'kq)]
cq/k] eqä] fujatu] lc ls vkfn var vkSj e/; esa je.k djus okys] lalkj dk lkj] T;ksfr Lo:i] vtUek]
Hko rkjd] lalkj ds fgrdkjh dgk gSAa egs'oj] Kkus'oj] vtUek xq# xksfcUn flag dh Lrqfr dh gSA
141
Jh xq# ukud ek/ko;ksLrks=e~
lar fugky flag us Jh xq# ukud ekèko;ksLrks=e~ ds ukS 'yksdksa esa Jh xq# ukud nso th dh
vkSj Jh d`".k th dh Lrqfr dh gSA bl esa vki us x.ks'k th dk eaxy fd;k gSA
Jh xq# ukud nso th dh vkSj Jh d`".k th dh 'kj.k esa vkus dk Qy nq%[k uk'k%] lsok dk
Qy LoPNrk] 'kerk] nerk] fojfr foosp.kk ( d#.kk dk Qy ( osn 'kkL= esa foHkqrk ( fpUru dk Qy fLFkj
cqf) ( rqjh;koLFkk dh çkfIr ( HkfDr dk Qy çlUurk] e`nqrk] fo'ks"k vuqHko ( dìk dk Qy Hko ls ikj]
vkSj efgek ds Jo.k dk Qy ijczã esa foyhu gksuk crk;k x;k gSA bl çdkj Lrqfr dh gSA
xq# Lrks= =
=;
;a
lar çse flag th us xq# Lrks= =;a esa rhu Lrks= fy;s gS] ftl esa okfgxq# eU= egkRe; Lrks=
esa okfgxq# dh Lrqfr X;kjg 'yksdksa esa dh gSA bl ds çkjaHk esa vkius xq# dk eaxy fd;k gSA bl esa vki
us okfgxq# eU= dh O;qRifÙk] bl ds vFkZ] bl ds tki dk egkRe çLrqr fd;k gSA okfgxq# ea= dks
"kksM'kk{kjh ea= vkSj }kn'kk{kjh ea= ds eaFku ls rS;kj fd;k crk;k gSA ;g ea= ;e ls NqMk dj ije/kke]
nq%[kksa ls NqM+k dj ijekuUn dh vksj] vU/kdkj ls NqM+k dj Kku dh vksj ys tkrk gSA
xq# Lrks= =;a ds f}rh; Lrks= xq# ukudkfn n'kkorkj Lrks=e~ esa vki us nl xq#vksa dh Lrqfr
nl Lrks=ksa esa dh gSA bl ds çkjEHk esa vki us nl xq#vksa dk eaxy fd;k gSA xq# ukud nso th
le;≤ ij /kjrh ij fofHkUu :iksa esa vk;sA cyh dks Nyus gsrq ckou :i] jko.k o/k gsrq jke :i]
dal o/k gsrq d`".k :i esa vk;sA tUe e`R;q ds pdz ls NqM+kus okys 'kkar fpÙk xq# ukud nso th dh Lrqfr
dh gSA mUgha ds f}rh; :i xq# vaxn nso th dh oanuk dh gSA lalkj dks es?k cu dj Nk;k nsus okys
xq# vej nkl th] ve`rlj esa ve`rljksoj nsus okys xq# jkenkl th] xq# xzFa k lkfgc th ds fuekZrk xq#
vtquZ nso th] nq"Vksa ds lagkjd xq# gfjxksfcUn th] xq# Hkä gfj jk;] vYik;q&n'kZuek= ls Qy nsus okys
xq# gfj d`".k dh] uofuf/k ds nkrk xq# rsx cgknqj dh] dhV dks flag cuk nsus okys xq# xksfcUn flag dh
Lrqfr dh gSA
xq# Lrks= =;e~ esa lar çse flag us r`rh; Lrks= Jh xq# xzUFk Lrqfr lkj esa X;kjg 'yksdksa }kjk
xq# xzUFk lkfgc th dh Lrqfr dh gSA bl ds çkjEHk esa xq# ukud nso th dk eaxy fd;k gSA xq# ukud
nso th] xq# vaxn nso th vkSj xq# xksfcUn flag dk oanu fd;k gSA xq# xzUFk lkfgc th ftl ds pkjksa
vkSj nl xq# fo|eku gS] tks nq%[k ls NqVdkjk nsrk] ;e ds Hk; ls fuHkZ; djrk gS] eu dh eSy feVkrk gS]
,sls xq# dh Lrqfr dhA bl xzFa k dks lar çse flag th us xaxk rhj ij lEor~ 1970 dks Qyxq.k f'kojkf=
esa lekIr fd;kA
euksn'kde~
lar çhre gfj th us eu ds fo"k; esa ukS 'yksd fy[ks gSaA ml esa vki us crk;k fd lc dk
Lo:i D;k gS] eu dk dk;Z D;k gS] eu dks o'k esa dSls fd;k tk ldrk gS\
ukeLej.ke~
lar çrhe gfj th us ukeLej.ke~ esa ijekRek dk fleju djus dh çsj.kk nsdj bl ds }kjk
çkIr gksus okys Qy dh vksj Hkh ladsr fd;k gSA
vkReLo:iks·vfLo%
lar çrhe gfj th us Lo ds fo"k; esa crk;k fd] eSa 'kjhj] bUnzh;] cqf) ugha gw¡A eSa fur
lq)&cq) eqDr vkRe Lo:i gw¡A eSa vlax fuj&vlr psru lk{kh gw¡A eaS vlax] nwj ugha lehi gw¡] tM+ ugha
psru gw¡] lk{kh; gw¡A eSa fç; ughs]a fç;rj ugha] fç;re gw¡A eSa ifjfPNUu ugha O;kid gw¡A
fueZy lEçnk; ds }kjk jfpr vf/kdrj xzUFk flD[k /keZ ls lEcfU/kr gSAa dqN xzUFk flD[k /keZ
ls lEcfU/kr vR;f/kd egÙoiw.kZ gS] ftudk vHkko gSA esjk ;g ç;kl jgsxk fd fueZy lEçnk; ds fo}kuksa
}kjk jfpr xzUFk] ftudk vHkko gks] mudh [kkst djds eSa fo}kuksa ds lEeq[k yk ldw¡A
142
eSa vkHkkjh gw¡ mu fo}kuksa dh ftUgksua s fueZy lEçnk; ij lSehukj djok;k gSA
lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
lk/kq gj flag fojfpr] Jh xq# fl)kar ikfjtkr] Jh jke çdk'ku] j?kqukFkiqjk] tEew]1974lk/kq ukjk;.k flag] Jh xq# ukudkorkj ukVde~] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj
çSl] eqEcbZ] lEor~ 1972lk/kq çse flag] xq# Lrks= =;e~] lqn'kZu ;U=ky;s ç;kx] lEor~ 1972lk/kq xq#fnÙk flag] xq# fxjk #ikUrje~ ejdu Vk;y çSl] ykgkSj] 1935lk/kq xaMk flag] Jhxq#xksfca na flagk"Vde~] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj çSl]
eqEcbZ] lEor~ 1972Jh xq# ukudkfn n'kkorkj Lrks=e~] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj çSl] eqEcbZ]
lEor~ 1972sZ 'yksdh Lrks=] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj çSl]
lk/kq xq#fnÙk flag] Jh xqod
eqEcbZ] lEor~ 1972lk/kq fugky flag] Jh xq# xksfoUn flag Lrks=e~] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj
çSl] eqEcbZ] lEor~ 1972&Jh xq# ukud ek/ko;ksLrks=e~] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj çSl]
eqEcbZ] lEor~ 1972lk/kq gj flag] Jh xq# ukudkfn n'kkorkj Lrks=e~] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj
çSl] eqEcbZ] lEor~ 1972&Jh xq# Lrojkt Lrks=e~] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj çSl] eqEcbZ]
lEor~ 1972&Jh xq# xksfcan flagk"Vde~] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj çSl]
eqEcbZ] lEor~ 1972&Jh xq# ikfjtkr fl)kar Lrks=e~] Jh xq# ukud Lrks=kuqØef.kdk] fu.kZ; lkxj çSl]
eqEcbZ] lEor~ 1972lk/kq bZ'oj flag] xq# eU=kFkZ çdk'k] ckEcs e'khu çSl] ykgkSj] 1909lar çhre gfj] euksn'kde~ ( vkReLo#iks·fLe ( ukeLej.ke~
Lokeh T;ksfr çhre gfj] ekuLjksojs ejky };e~
143
‘rwmcirq mwns’ Ev< ‘AÍXwËm‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< dS~n qäv
-fw. mdn gulwtI*
wtI*
goávwmI qulsIdws ™q ‘rwmcirqmwns’ AOr s<q gulwb is<h inm~l ™q ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my<
dS~n qäv kI Koj krny sy pUv~ hmy< Xh jwn lynw cwihE ik ‘dS~n’ #Xw hY?
‘dS~n’ SÑd s<á™q kI ‘ê÷S`’ Dwqu sy bnw hY ijskw AQ~ hoqw hY dyKnw[ ‘ê÷ÜXqy Anyn eiq
dS~nm`’ ijsky ªwrw dyKw jwXy AQvw qäv kw zwn ho[ koe~ koe~ lyKk esy A<gRyjæI ky SÑd
Philosophy ky mwÍXm sy jwnnw cwhqw hY[ askw kQn hY ik A<gRyjæI kw SÑd Philosophy do XUnwnI
SÑdo< sy inklw hY< AQ~wq` Philos ijskw AQ~ hY pRym AOr Sophia ijskw AQ~ hY iv´w AQvw zwn[ es
pRkwr dS~n kw AQ~ huAw ‘zwn ky ilXy pRym’[
dS~n kw iv†X iváqwr bhuq iváq÷q AOr ÛXwpk hY[ ijs bRhÓw<f my< hm invws krqy hY< askw
áÛw{p #Xw hY? AwËmw AQvw jIv #Xw hY? vh khw< sy AwXw hY AOr khw< jwXygw? e~Üvr #Xw hY? AOr
askw es jgq` ky pswry sy #Xw sMbND hY[ es sMbND my< Îlyto kw kQn hY ik ‘dS~n kw aÿÜX inËX
qäv kw qQw váquAo< ky vwáqivk áv{p kw zwn pRwÎq krnw hY’[
gosvwmI qulsIdws ™q ‘rwmcirq mwns’ AOr s<q gulwb is<h ™q ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ dono<
kwÛX ™iqXw< hY<[ dS~n kivqw kw iv†X nhI<, ic<qn kw iv†X hY[ kiv Bwv-jgq kI AnuBUiqXo< my< kBI
kBI dS~n kI Jlk dyK lyqw hY[ váquq: dS~n kI ijs ic<qn kI Apy@w hoqI hY<, vh kivXo< kI Bwvuk
rcnwAo< my< s<Bv nhI< ho pwqw[ mOlwnw sPæI lKnvI kI rwX my<SwXrI #Xw hY< idlI jÈæbwq kw ejæhwr hY[
idl Agr bykwr hY qo SwXrI bykwr hY[
vf~`svQ~ ny BI ‘kivqw ko Bwv kw shj aCln khw[ kwlirj ky Anuswr mhwn` kivXo< kI
rcnwAo< my< Bwv kw sqq ANq:pRvwh rhqw hY[ Bwvukqw kiv kw sbsy bVw gux BI hY[ swihËX kI swrI
pU<jI Bwvo< ko lykr hY[
ikNqu AmXw~idq hony pr Bwvukqw AQ~hIn ho jwqI hY[ ijsy hm ‘dS~n’ khqy hY< vh Bwvo< ky
piràkwr Xw inX<Zx sy aËpNn hoqw hY[ Bwvwvyg Xid pR™iq hY qo bui© ªwrw asy mXw~dw my< rKnw
AwvÜXk hY[ kivqw ilKny my< Ek AnuBUiq AwqI hY[ vh AnuBUiq mClI kI qrh iPslny vwlI hoqI hY[
esilE kiv ApnI kivqw kw mCuAwrw hoqw hY jo Apnw ivcwr-jwl fwlkr AnuBUiqXo< }pI mCilXo<
ko pkVny ky ilXy kwÛX-sirqw ky iknwry bYTw rhqw hY[ Aq: Bwv ky swQ bui© Xw ivcwr kw shXog
cwihE[
ávÇC<qwvwdI kivXo< ny Bwv ko ivcwr AOr dS~n sy s<XuÂ ikXw[ Bwv AOr zwn en kivXo< ky
ilXy prápr ivroDI nhI< hY vrn` Ek dUsry ky pUrk hY[ jYsy kyvl Bwv kwPææI nhI< hY vYsy hI kyvl ivcwr
hI kwPI nhI< hY<[ kwlirj ky Anuswr ‘mwZ ivcwrwËmk SiÂ sy jo cIjyæ jNm lyqI hY< anmy< m÷ËXu kI g<D
hoqI hY[1 inrI bui© sy kivqw nhI< bnqI ikNqu korI Bwvukqw BI kivqw ky ilXyy ApXw~Îq hY[
koe~ BI ÛXiÂ gMBIr dwS~ink huE ibnw mhwn` kiv nhI< huAw #Xo<ik kivqw mwnv ky smáq
zwn, Bwv, ivcwr, mnovyg AOr Bw†w kI sug<D hY<[ kwlirj Sy#spIXr kw adwhrx dyqy huXy khqw hY ik
Sy#spIXr ny phly pUry DYX~ ky swQ AÍXXn ikXw, ghrwe~ sy ic<qn mnn ikXw, rySy-rySy ko smJw jb
* pUv~ viràT põwÍXwpk, ánwqkoÁr ihNdI ivBwg, dXwl is<h kwlyj, krnwl-132001(hirXwxw).
* 1329 sY#tr 13, Ab~n Eátyt
y krnwl-132001.
Pon : 0184-2201407
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144
qk ik vh zwn kI Awdq AOr ANqzw~n kw shj A<g nhI< bn gXw[ esI Bwv ko siÇcdwnNd hIrwnNd
vwËáXwXn ‘AzyX’ ny es pRkwr AiBÛX#q ikXw hYsuno kiv! BwvnwXy< nhI< hY soqw
BwvnwXy< Kwd hY< kyvl
jærw anko dbw rKo
jærw sw AOr pkny do
qwny AOr qcny do[
kwÛX ky es pirpRyâX my< jb hm goávwmI qulsIdws ªwrw ricq ‘rwmcirqmwns’ kI rwh sy
gujær kr dyKqy hY< qo pwqy hY< ik es gOrv gRNQ my< dS~n Ev< Bi#q ky smNvX kw ivrwt` pRXËn ikXw gXw
hY[
s<q gulwb is<h inm~l ricq ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ Ek pROFæ rcnw hY[ esmy< rwm-kQw kw vx~n
Ek ivSy† dwS~ink ê÷iàtkox sy huAw hY<[ p<. gulwb is<h jI ny s<á™q ky mUl gRNQ ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ kI
kyNdRIX ê÷iàt ko sMmuK rKkr eskw Anuvwd ikXw hY[ Xíp Xh mwZ Anuvwd nhI< hY Aipqu esmy<
inqw<q mOilkqw ky dS~n BI hoqy hY<[ Xhw< hm dono< ™iqXo< my< dS~n qäv kI iváqwr sy ccw~ kry<gy[
rwmcirqmwns my< dS~n qäv
qulsI dws Ek bVy kiv hY<[ ihNdI swihËX my< ‘rwmcirqmwns’ (1574 e~.) jYsw lokipRX AOr
‰yàT mhwkwÛX dUsrw koe~ nhI< hY[ qulsI ny rwm kQw ko ijs ‚>cwe~ pr phu<cw idXw iPr koe~ dUsrw
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j}rI hY[
vYcwirk p÷àTBUim
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Swsn Qw[ goávwmI jI eNhI< mugl Swsko< my< humwXU>, Akbr, jhWgIr ky smkwlIn Qy[ swihËX AOr
sw<á™iq kI ê÷iàt sy vy SyK mubwrk, AÑdur~hIm KwnKwnw, is#K gu{ rwm dws jI AOr gu{ Aju~n dyv jI
qQw dwdU dXwl ky BI smkwlIn Qy[
goávwmI qulsIdws ko rwmwn<d sMpRdwX kI rwmBiÂ prMprw ky ic<qn kw my{d&f khw jw
skqw hY[ rwmwnNd sMpRdwX sy pUv~ ‘‰I sMpRdwX’ Qw ijsky s<áQwpk ‘rwmwnuj’ Qy[ vy iviSàtwªYqwvwdI
Qy[ m<Z, ÍXwn, pUjw, apwsnw, apwáXdyv Awid ky Awcwro< ky kwrx enkI do SwKwXy< ho ge~[ Ek my<
Bgvwn rwm ko pRDwnqw imlI, dUsry my< nwrwXx ko[ kwlwNqr my< rwm SwKw kw a©wr rwmwn<d ny ikXw[
rwmwn<d sMpRdwX my iviSàtwªYq ko hI< mwNXqw pRwÎq hY[ rwmwn<d ky AwrwÍX hY< ‘‰Irwm’[ vy SIl, SiÂ Ev<
sONdX~ ky kyNdõ hY[ rwmwn<d kw XhI pRiqmwn qulsI ny ‘mwns’ my< ApnwXw hY[
qulsI iviSàtwªYqvwdI
‘rwmcirqmwns’ ky AwrMB my< hI goávwmI jI kI aiÂ hY- sgux AOr ing~ux dono< bRhÓ ky hI
áv{p hY<[
‘Agun sgun due~ bRhÓ s}pw’1
lyikn en dono< sy bVw hY rwm nwm
1
mwns 1.22
145
mory< mq bV rwm duhUqy1
bRhÓic<qn ky ANq~gq ApnI esI mwNXqw ko Ek Awl<kwirk ê÷ÜXicZ ªwrw ápàt krqy huXy
goávwmI jI khqy hY<- bRhÓ Ai^n ky smwn hY, Ek Ai^n jo lkVI my< iCpI hY[
Ek dw{gq dyiKA Ek2
AQw~q` AÛXÂ AOr ÛXÂ ingu~x AOr sgux, Agocr AOr gocr- dono< Ek hI bRhÓ hY< AOr vh
AivnwSI hY, sq`, icq` AOr Awn<d kI pu<jIBUq rwiS hY[
Ek inrpy@ prm säww jo lIlw krny ky ilXy sgux }p, lOikk }p, AvqwrI }p Dwrx krqI
hY, as prm säww ky pd pr qulsI rwm ko pRiqiàTq krqy hY<[
prm pd pr AiDiàTq prmyÜvr rwm ávX< es rháX ko Kol dyqy hY< ik Xh swrw s<swr hI
ankI mwXw sy aËpNn hY AOr esI mwXw sy aËpNn s<swr my< ivivD pRkwr ky crwcr jIv hY<[ essy ápàt
hY ik qulsI kI ê÷iàt my< bRhÓ AOr jIv Alg Alg hY< pr jIv kI p÷Qk` säww BI bRhÓ kI mwXw ky
vSIBUq hY[ esI jIv kI bRhÓ-Awi‰q p÷Qk` säww pr bl dyny ky kwrx vy iviSàtwªYqvwdI hY<[
e~Üvr AOr jIv my< Pk~ bqlwny ky ilXy goávwmI jI Ek AOr pRsg< lyqy hY< AOr vh hY zwn[
kwkBuSi&f jI pi@rwj g{V ko bqlwqy hY<zwn AK<f Ek sIqwvr,
mwXw váX jIv scrwcr[
jO< sb ky rh ^Xwn Ek rs,
e~ávr jIvih Byd khhu k{[
mwXw váX jIv AiBmwnI,
e~s váX mwXw gun KwnI[
prbs jIv ávbs Bgv<qw,
jIv Anyk Ek ‰I k<qw[
muDw Byd jíp ™q
™q mwXw,
ibnu hir jwr n koit apwXw[3
AQw~q` Ek sIqwpiq ‰I rwm hI AK<f zwn áv}p hY< AOr jV cyqn sBI jIv mwXw ky vS hY<[
Xid jIvo< ko Ek rs (AK&f) zwn rhy qo kihXy iPr e~Üvr AOr jIv my< Byd hI kYsw? AiBmwnI jIv
mwXw ky vS hY AOr vh (säv, rj, qm) qIno< guxo< kI Kwn mwXw e~Üvr kyy vS my< hY<[ jIv prqNZ hY<,
Bgvwn` ávq<Z hY<, jIv Anyk hY< pr Bgvwn` Ek hY<[ Xíp mwXw ™q Xh Byd AsËX hY qQwip vh
Bgvwn kI BiÂ ky ibnw kroVo< apwX krny ky bwd BI nàt nhI< hoqw[
qulsI AªYqvwdI hY<
ihNdI ivÜvkoàwkwr ‰I nryNdRnwQ bsu kw kQn hY- “S<krwcwX~ ky bRhÓ ko eNho<ny rwm ky nwm
sy pRis© ikXw hY[”4 fw. rmyS ku<ql myG kw khnw hY ik vydw<qI áv{p my< Fæwlny ky hyqu- ‘AÍXwËm
rwmwXx’ (15vI< SqwÑdI) jYsI swMpRdwiXk rwmwXx kI rcnw hue~[ Xh kwlwNqr my< qulsI ky
‘rwmcirqmwns’ kw BI mUlwDwr bnI[5
Ab dyKnw Xh hY< ik goávwmI qulsIdws khw< qk AªYqvwdI hY<? qulsI ny ‘e~Üvr A<S jIv
AivnwsI, cyqn Aml shj suK rwsI’ khkr jIv ko e~Üvr kw A<S, AivnwSI, cyqn, Aml Ev< shj
mwns 1.23
mwns 1.23
3
mwns 7.78
1
2
4
5
fw. bldyv pRswd im‰, qulsI dS~n, p÷àT 180.
fw. rmyS ku<ql myG, qulsI-AwDuink vwqwXn sy, p÷àT 19.
146
suKrwiS bqwXw hY[ e~Üvr kw A<S hony ky kwrx jIv my< BI e~Üvr Xw bRhÓ ky sBI gux idKwe~ dyqy hY<,
prNqu e~Üvr AOr jIv my< iv´mwn ANqr kw ápàtIkrx krqy huXy qulsI ny ‘prbs jIv ávbs BgvNqw’
khkr ápàt bqwXw hY ik jIv mwXw ky vS my< rhqw hY AOr bRhÓ sv~Qw ávqNZ hY[ Xh jIv mwXw ky
pRBwv ky kwrx hI Apny Aml }p sy AiKl ho jwqw hY AOr shj suKrwiS }p sy du:KmX }p ko
gRhx kr lyqw hY[ qulsI ny ‘BUim prq Bw fwbr pwnI, jnu jIvih< mwXw lptwnI’ khkr Xh bqwXw hY
ik jIv ApnI ivSu©, iniv~kwr Ev< suKáv{p iáQiq sy qBI dUr jw pVqw hY, jbik mwXw asy cwro< Aor
sy Awkr lpyt lyqI hY[ ‘so mwXw bs pr`Xo guswe~, b>ÍXo< kIr mrkt kI nwe~’ khkr qulsI ny mwXw ky
ªwrw vSIBUq jIv kI iáQiq ko bNDn my< pVy huXy mdwrI ky bNdr kI BWiq bqwXw hY[ eqnw hI nhI<,
qulsI ny ‘ivàwXI swDk is© sXwny, iZivD jIv jg vyd bKwny’ khkr jIvo< ky qIn Byd bqwXy hY<- 1.
ivàwXI AQw~q` b© jIv, 2. swDk AQw~q` mumuâwu jIv, AOr 3. is© AQw~q` mu#q jIv[ swDwrxqXw Apny
kmw~nuswr hI jIv suK-du:K kw BwgI hoqw hY, ikNqu askI sMpUx~ giq-iviD bRhÓ ky hwQ my< rhqI hY[
e~Üvr AOr jIv ky sMbND kI ccw~ krqy huE qulsI ny bqwXw hY ik bRhÓ mwXwpiq hY< AOr jIv mwXw ky
vS my< rhqw hY[ es ilXy jIv bRhÓ kw sKw nhI< Aipqu syvk hY[ ‘mY< syvk rGupiq pir mory’ khkr
qulsI ny bRhÓ AOr jIv ky esI syÛX-syvk Bwv kI Aor s<kyq ikXw hY[ eqnw hI nhI<, jIv mwXwpiq
nhI< hY, pr e~Üvr mwXwpiq hY[ e~S bND-mo@dwqw hY, sbsy pry hY, sbkI mXw~dw hY, ikNqu jIv my< Xh
swmÌX~ nhI< hY[ mwxw sy pRyirq hokr Xh jIv AivnwSI hokr BI kwl, km~, ávBwv AOr guxo< ky c#kr
my< pVkr cOrwsI lwK XoinXo< my< BRmx krqw rhqw hY[ es pRkwr jIv ko e~Üvr kw A<S, AivnwSI,
Aml Awid mwnqy huE BI qulsI ny jIv ko e~Üvr sy p÷Qk` mwnw hY[
qulsI ny qwiävk ê÷iàt sy jIv AOr bRhÓ ko Ek hI mwnw hY, prNqu Aiv´w-mwXw ky kwrx hI
dono< my< ANqr ho jwqw hY[ es qrh qulsI jIv AOr bRhÓ kI Ekqw kI Aor qo s<kyq krqy hY<, prNqu
rwmwnuj kI p©iq pr muiÂ kI AváQw my< jIv AOr bRhÓ my< ªYq ávIkwr krqy hY<[
qulsI ky ªwrw s<swr ky imÌXwËv kw pRiqpwdn dyK kr kuC ivªwn qulsI ko AªYqvwdI mwnqy
hY< AOr jIv AOr bRhÓ ky A<Sw<SI Bwv Awid ko dyK kr kuC ivªwn eNhy< iviSàtwªYqvwdI bqwqy hY<[ esmy<
koe~ sNdyh nhI< ik qulsI ny S<kr ky AªYqvwd sy pRBwivq hokr hI jgq` ky imÌXwËv kw pRiqpwdn
ikXw hY AOr S<kr kI pdwvlI ‘m÷gjl’ ‘jybrI ko sWp’ Awid ko BI ApnwXw hY[
qulsI ny jgq` ky bwry my< ivcwr krqy huE jgq` ko ‘jíp m÷†w sËX BwsY, jb lig nih< ™pw
quMhwrI’ khkr ápàt hI imÌXw Ev< BRmpUx~ bqwXw hY, jo dyKny my< sËX jYsw pRqIq hoqw hY[ eqnw hI
nhI< ‘bUF`Xo m÷gvir KwXo jybrI ko sWp ry’ khkr jgq` ko ‘m÷gvwir’ Ev< ‘ jybr ko sWp’ kI BWiq
BRmwËmk bqwXw hY AOr ‘jwgu jwgu jIv jV johY jg-jwimnI , dyh gyh nyh jwin jYsy GndwimnI’ khkr
jV jIv ko swvDwn ikXw hY ik es nÜvr jgq` ky Bulwvy my< pVkr BRimq hony kI AwvÜXkqw nhI< hY[
‘An ivcwr rmnIX sdw s<swr BX<<kr BwrI’ khkr qulsI ny jgq` ko imÌXw qo is© ikXw hY, prNqu
‘koa kh sËX JUT kh ko‚ jugl pRbl ko‚ mwnY, qulisdws pirhrY qIn BRm so Awpn pihcwnY,
khkr ANq my< s<swr kI sËXqw, AsËXqw, sËXwsËXqw qIno< bwqo< ko hI imÌXw bqwXw hY AOr qIno< mqo<
ko BRmwËmk khkr BiÂ ko Apnwny kw AwgRh ikXw hY<[ es qrh qulsI ny jgq` ky in}px my< S<kr kw
Anusrx krky BI ANq my< rwmwnNd ky AnukUl hI BiÂ sMbNDI ivcwr pRkt ikXy hY<[
esky swQ hI qulsI ny S<kr kI hI BWiq bRhÓ ky ingu~x in{pwiD, Agm, Agocr }p ko BI
ApnwXw hY[ prNqu qulsI rwmwnNd ky rwmwvq sMpRdwX ky B#q Qy AOr rwmwvq sMpRdwX my<
iviSàtwªYqvwd ko hI ApnwXw gXw hY[ esI ilXy qulsI ny rwmwvq sMpRdwX kI hI BWiq rwm ko ingu~x
Ev< sgux dono< }po< my< ávIkwr ikXw hY AOr jIv kw nwnwËv Ev< bRhÓ sy askw Byd ávIkwr ikXw hY,
ikNqu jgq`, jIv Ev< mwXw ky vx~n my< S<kr kI p©iq kw hI Anusrx ikXw hY qQw Bi#qvwd Ev< S<kr
ky mwXwvwd my< swMX áQwipq krny kw pRXËn ikXw hY[ rwmwnuj, vØlB, mÍvwcwX~ Awid ny S<kr ky
mwXwvwd kw K&fn krky zwn sy Bi#q kI ‰yàTqw is© kI hY, prNqu qulsI ny mwXw ko bRhÓ kI Si#q
147
khkr jgq` ky BRmBX }p kI phcwn zwn ªwrw is© krky S<kr AOr rwmwnNd ky dwS~ink ivcwro< my<
suNdr smNvX áQwipq ikXw hY[ iPr BI dwS~ink ¡iàt sy qulsI iviSàtwªYqvwd ky hI poàwk hY< AOr
esI AwDwr pr ankI Bi#q-Bwvnw iáQr rh skqI hY, nhI< qo S<kr kw AªYqvwd ávIkwr kr lyny pr
syÛX-syvk Bwv kI Bi#q ko Kqrw aËpNn ho jwqw hY[ esilXy S<kr kw Anumodn krny pr BI qulsI
rwmwnNd ªwrw pRiqpwidq iviSàtwªYqvwd ky hI smQ~k hY[
A<q my< Ek bwq AOr- qulsIdws ny dwS~ink AOr zwnI sy BÂ ko bVw Goi†q ikXw hY[ XQw :
qulsI AlKih kw lKY
rwmnwm jpu nIc[
swQ hI aNho<ny Swi&flX Bi#q sUZ, nwrd-Bi#q sUZ, gIqw ky Bi#q mwg~ ko Cwnkr Bi#q
rs kw lok m<glmX áv{p inim~q ikXw[ es Bi#q pr rwjw-r<k, nr-nwrI, bRwhÓx-SUdõ, ihNdUmuslmwn, p<ifq mUK~ sBI kw smwn AiDkwr hY, sBI rwm Bi#q ky AiDkwrI hY[
váquq: qulsI ny Dm~ AOr dS~n kw joVkr Bi#q kw Ek iviSàtwªYqvwdI Fw<cw inim~q ikXw
ijsmy< koe~ BI prwXw nhI< hY AOr iksI ko BI Bi#q kI mnwhI nhI< hY[ Aq: hm kh skqy hY ik
‘rwmcirqmwns’ rwm kQw kw nhI<, rwmcirZ kw BI nhI<, rwm Bi#q kw gRNQ hY[ qulsI ny ‘mwns’ ky
‘aäwrkw&f’ my< zwn AOr Bi#q kI iváqwr sy ccw~ kI hY[ zwn mwg~ ko qlvwr kI Dwr pr clnw khw
hY, lyikn Bi#qmwg~ sBI ky ilXyy sulB hY[
s<q gulwb is<h inm~l ™q ‘AÍXwËm‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< dS~n qäv
jIvn-pircX
jIvn
mhwn` pi&fq, prm ivrÂ, kiv iSromix, s<q gulwb is<h inm~l sMpRdwX ky sv~pRQm
swihËXkwr mwny jwqy hY<[ Awpkw jNm sn` 1732 my< lwhOr ky smIp ‘syKb’ nwmk gWv my< huAw Qw[
bcpn gWv my< hI ÛXqIq huAw[ gulwbdws ABI Aivvwihq hI Qy ik vYrw^X Bwv sy pRyirq ho kr vy Gr sy
inkl pVy[ ku{@yZ ky pRis© srovr pr aNho<ny s<q mwn is<h kI Srx gRhx kI[ aNhI< sy dI@w lI[ an
idno< ku{@yZ inm~l s<qo< kw AÇCw kyNdõ Qw[ eDr mwqw-ipqw FU<Fæqy Kojqy ku{@yZ Aw phu>cy, lyikn gulwb
is<h vwips jwny ko qYXwr nhI< huE[
gulwb is<h ky ANqsw~âX sy ápàt hY ik aNho<ny kwSI my< s<á™q kI iS@w pRwÎq kI[ vYrw^XmX
jIvn, AnNx sOhwd~Bwv Ev< ivªqw ky kwrx p<· gulwb is<h kI sv~Z pRiqàTw QI[ ijzwsuAo< ªwrw anky
gRNQo< kw pwrwXx anky jIvn kwl my< hI hony lgw Qw[ iksI BI inm~l-eiqhwskwr ny p<· gulwb is<h ky
bRhÓlIn hony kI iqiQ kw indy~S nhI< ikXw[ Anumwn hY ik vh 60 vàw~ qk jIivq rhy[
p<· gulwb is<h s<á™q ihNdI AOr p<jwbI ky ivªwn Qy[ aNho<ny s<á™q ky Anyk gRNQo< vyd,
apin†d`, †t` dS~n v purwxo< Awid kw pwrwXx ikXw Qw[
sn` 1782 e~· my< aNho<ny ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ kI rcnw kI[ vy aÇc koit ky kiv Qy[ ankI
sBI ™iqXo< kw ivàwX AÍXwËm hY[ ‘mo@ p<Q pRkwS’ qo vydw<q gRNQ hI hY[
s<q gulwb is<h inm~l sÇcy swDu Qy[ vy vYrw^X AOr ËXwg kI mUiq~ Qy[ vy prm s<qo†I mhwËmw
Qy[ mhwn` pRiqBw sMpNn hony pr BI aNhy< ApnI kwÛX-klw v pwi&fËX pr r<cmwZ BI AiBmwn nhI<
Qw[ ankw ÛXiÂv bhumuKI Qw[ vy kiv hony ky swQ swQ Ek mhwn` dwS~ink qäv vyÁw Qy[ vy inm~l
p<QwnuXwXI sÇcy swDu Qy[ aNho<ny hmy< ‘Bwv rswm÷q’ mo@p<Q pRkwS, AÍXwËm-rwmwXx AOr pRboDcNdRodX
nwtk jYsI ™iqXw< dI[
AÍXwËmAÍXwËm-rwmwXx Ek pircX
goávwmI qulsIdws ny ‘rwmcirq mwns’ kI rcnw sn` 1574 e~· my< kI[ ‘rwmcirq mwns’
qulsI kw hI nhI< ihNdI kw sv~‰yàT mhwkwÛX hY[ qulsIdws jI inÜcX hI SiÂSwlI kiv, loknwXk
148
AOr mhwËmw Qy[ nwBwdws ny aNhy< kilkwl kw vwØmIik khw hY[ iámQ ny aNhy< ‘mugl kwl kw sbsy
bVw ÛXiÂ mwnw hY[ esky TIk 208 vàw~ pÜcwq` sn` 1782 e~· my< s<q gulwb is<h inm~l ny ‘AÍXwËmrwmwXx’ kI rcnw kI[ Ek Xug Qw jb p<jwb my< ‘rwmcirq mwns’ kI BWiq ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ kw
pwrwXx pRwX: sBI vgo~< my< log krqy Qy[ eskI pRiqXw< fyro<. guu{ªwro< Ev~ Gro< ko suSoiBq krqI QI[ es
kw pRkwSn 1906 e~· my< gu{muKI ilip my< huAw Qw[ p<jwb ky mÍXkwlIn kwÛX-kwro< my< p<· gulwb is<h
kw nwm svo~pir hY<[ ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ ™iq s<á™q ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ pr AwDwirq hY[
p<ifq gulwb is<h s<á™q ky ivªwn Ev~ sµdX rwmBÂ kiv Qy[ aNho<ny áZoq-gRNQ s<á™q my<
ricq ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ ky kÌX, Bwv, Bw†w, Awid kw qNmXqw ‰©w Ev< sUâmqw sy pwrwXx ikXw Qw
AOr aNho<ny Anyk Anyk mOilk ad`BwvnwAo< sy ApnI rcnw ko BÛX }p idXw[ ApnI kwriXZI pRiqBw,
AiBnv CNd, shj Al<kwro< sy m<ifq bRj Bwàww sy sb ko rs m^n kr idXw[ p<· cNdRkwNq bwlI ky
SÑdo< my< “p<jwb ky AiDkqr kivXo< kI Bw†w p<jwbI put sy ACUqI nhI< hY pr s<q gulwb is<h ko es
ê÷iàt sy Apvwd mwnnw hogw[ rcnw my< Bwàww kw pRvwh Ev< Bwvo< kI imTws hY[ vy p<jwb ky swihËX my<
pRiqiniD áQwn rKqy hY< esmy< AiqSXoiÂ nhI<[”1
es s<i@Îq pircX ky swQ hm ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< dS~n qäv kI Koj kry<gy[
‘AÍXwËm‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< dS~n qäv
p<· gulwb is<h inm~l ny ApnI ™iq ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ ko vydw<q pr AwDwirq khw hY Aq:
dS~n qäv kI Koj krny sy pUv~ vydw<q ky sMbND my< s<@yp my< jwn lynw cwihXy[
‘vydw<q’ kw AQ~ hY ‘vh SwáZ ijsky ilXy apin†d` hI pRmwx hY[’ swDwrx }p sy log ‘vyd kw
A<q’ AQw~q` ‘apin†d`’ Eysw BI AQ~ krqy hY< prNqu SwáZ ïàt sy Xh Su© nhI< hY[ vydw<q my< ijqnI bwqy<
khI ge~ hY<, vh sb kw mUl apin†d` hY[ Xh vydw<q ‘aÁr mImw<sw’ ky nwm sy BI pRis© hY[ jYimnI kI
mImw<sw ‘pUv~ mImw<sw’ khI ge~ hY[ ‘pUv~ mImw<sw’ my< km~kw&f qQw ‘aÁr mImw<sw my< zwn kw&f kw ivcwr
hY[
es pRkwr vydw<q kw mUl AiBpRwX apin†do< sy hY[ prNqu apin†do< ky AwDwr pr ivkisq
sMpUx~ Dwim~k AOr dwS~ink prMprw vydw<q ky nwm sy hI iv$Xwq hY[ vydw<q ky ivkws ky qIn pRáQwn
mwny jwqy hY<1. apin†d` (‰uiq pRDwn)
2. Bgvd` gIqw (ám÷iq pRDwn)
3. bRhÓ sUZ (qk~ pRDwn)
en qIno< ko ‘pRáQwnZXI’ khw jwqw hY[ S<krwcwX~ ny apin†do<, gIqw qQw bRhÓsUZ (vydw<q sUZ)
es pRáQwnZXI pr Apnw ivªqwpUx~ BwàX ilKw hY[ aNho<ny Apny vydw<q is©wNq AªYqvwd kw pRiqpwdn
eNhI< BwàXo< ky mwÍXm sy ikXw hY[ S<kr ky AªYq-vydw<q ky mUl is©wNq es supRis© Ülok sy pirli@q
hoqy hY<[
‘bRhÓ sËX< jgiNmÌXw jIvo bRhÓYv nwprw:’
nwprw:’
AQw~q` 1. bRhÓ sËX hY 2. jgq` imÌXw hY 3. jIv bRhÓ hI hY 4. jIv AOr bRhÓ my< koe~ Byd nhI<[
eNhI< cwr is©wNqo< kI iBiÁ pr AªYqvwd ky BÛX Bvn kw inmw~x huAw hY[
Sw<kr vydw<q (AªYq-dS~n)
1
p<. cNdRkwNq bwlI, p<jwb pRw<qIX ihNdI swihËX, p÷. 313-314
149
vyydw<q dS~n kw motw-sw is©wNq hY ik bhus<$Xk dyv, mnuàX, pSu p@I, áQwvr-j<gmwËmk
Xh smgR ivÜv pRp<c bRhÓ sy p÷Qk` nhI< hY[ jo kuC BI nwnw }pDwrI ê÷ÜXmwn jgq` hY, vh bRhÓ
smwivàt hY[
bRhÓ ivcwr
‘bRhÓ’ iniv~Sy† qäv hY[ Xh sv~ÛXwpI AOr cyqn hY[ váquq: eskI isi© ky ilXy koe~ pRmwx
kI AwvÜXkqw nhI< hY, Xh ávX< is© hY, ávpRkwS hY qQwip Anwid Azwn sy ivmugD jIv esy nhI<
dyKqw, pRËXuq esky sMbND my< Anyk pRkwr kI BRwiNq jIv ko Gyry rhqI hY[ esilXy es BRwiNq ko dUr
krnw vydwNq SwáZ kw pRXojn hY[ ávpRkwS qäv ko dyKny ky ilXy dIpk kw pRXojn nhI< hY, ikNqu as
Azwn }pI A<Dkwr ko ijsny asy Anwid kwl sy AwÇCNn kr rKw hY, dUr krnw hY[
es Azwn kI do SiÂXw< hY<- Awvrx AOr iv@yp[
BgvËpwd S<krwcwX~ ny do ïàtXo< sy bRhÓ kw ivcwr ikXw jwnw bqwXw hY[ 1. ÛXwvhwirk ê÷iÃ
2. pwrmwiQ~k ê÷iÃ[ Ek ko S<krwcwX~ ny bRhÓ kw qtáQ l@x khw hY AOr dUsry kw áv}p l@x khw
hY[ r<gm<c pr rwjw kI BUimkw kw AiBnX krny vwlw Ek swDwrx ÛXiÂ qtáQ l@x khlwqw hY ikNqu
vh jb ApnI pRw™q AváQw my< hoqw hY qb vh askw áv}p l@x khlwqw hY[
‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< rwm ko bRhÓ ky }p my< iciZq ikXw gXw hY[ sIqw hnumwn ko ápÃ krqI
hY ik bRhÓ (rwm) ingu~x inrwkwr hY<[ askw áv}p gq l@x sq` icq` AwnNd hY vh Ek hY, AK&f hY,
AiªqIX hY Awid XQwinr<jn ivkwrhIn ivAwpk< pCwinXy
suAwËmw Aklm pRkwS }p jwinX<[1
‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< rwm ky sgux-ingu~x }p kw vx~n imlqw hY] vy mwXwqIq hony ky kwrx
ávX< pRkwS }p Ev< apwiD doSo< sy rihq hY< qo vy mwXwi‰q hokr ivÜv kI aËpiÁ, iáQiq AOr lX ky
EkmwZ kwrx hY[2
AhØXw rwm kI áquiq krqy huXy khqI hY ik rwm ApnI eÇCw sy hI Su© sËvmX SrIr Dwrxkr
es lok my< ApnI XogmwXw sy mnuàX ky smwn pRqIq hoqy hY<[ vy pu{†oÁm Bgvwn` hI mwXw ky guxo< sy
XuÂ hokr iviBNn Awkwr vwly pRqIq hoqy hY<[ vy rjogux sy XuÂ hokr ivÜv rciXqw bRhÓw, säv gux sy
iZlok r@k Bgvwn` ivàxu qQw qmogux sy jgq` kw A<q krny vwly {dõ ho jwqy hY<[
inKl ivávu apjw vy soe~
pwly vhuir s<hwry soe
mweAw
mweAw gux ibb<q suK Dwmw
isv ivr<c ivsnu Gr nwmw[3
pWc koSo kI aËpiÁ
apin†do< my< bRhÓ ko guhw my iáQq (inihq< guhwXwm`) bqwXw gXw hY[ guhw khqy hY gopn Xw AwÇCwdn ko[
p<c-koS bRhÓ ky AwÇCwdk hony ky kwrx ‘guhw’ khy gXy hY<[ en p<c-koSo< my< phlw ANnmX koS (dyh)
hY[ asky BIqr pRwxmX koS, asky BIqr mnomX koS, asky BIqr ivzwnmX koS AOr asky BI BIqr
AwnNdmX koS hY[ ANnmX koS sy lykr AwnNdmX koS qk kI jo Œ÷<Klw hY asI ko ‘guhw’ khw gXw
hY[
jgq`
‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ 1.2.33-34
‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ 1.2.2
3
1
2
150
“nwm }pwËmk jgq` mwXw (Azwn) sy aËpNn hony ky kwrx rÈjU- sp~vq` bRhÓ kw ivv~q mwZ
hY Aq: bRhÓ áv{p sy p÷Qk` es kI koe~ sÁw nhI<[ Azwn ky kwX~BUq kwrx SrIr, sUâm SrIr AOr áQUl
SrIr kI apwiD sy XuÂ hokr vh siÇcwdnNd bRhÓ hI jIv bn jwqw hY[ esilxy jIv BI prmwQ~q: bRhÓ
hI hY[ qävzwn sy Azwn kI inv÷iÁ ho jwny pr jIv AzwnmX SrIr ZX kI apwiD sy ivinm~uÂ hokr
siÇcwdnNd bRhÓ ho jwqw hY[ XhI s<@yp my< vydw<q kw is©wNq hY[”1
‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< BI vydw<q ky aÂ is©w<q ko kiv ny lâmx ky pRÜn krny pr ‰Irwm ky
muK sy pRáquq ikXw hY[
rwm kI áquiq krqy smX nwrd BI jgq` ko imÌXw khqy hY<[
rju kY mwih Buj<g ija
iqa Xh sb s<swr2
mUl qäv kI Ekqw ápàt krqy huXy rwm lâmx sy khqy hY[ ijs pRkwr smudõ my< jl, dUD my<
dUD, mhwkwS my< GtwkwS AOr vwXu my< vwXu imlkr Ek ho jwqy hY as pRkwr jIv prmwËmw ky swQ
AiBNn Bwv sy iáQq ho jwqw hY asy swrw jgq` imÌXw pRqIq hoqw hY[3
mwXw
mwXw, bRhÓ kI Si#q hY[ assy s<Xu#q hokr bRhÓ ivÜv kI aËpiÁ krqw hY AOr qb vh e~Üvr
khlwqw hY[ mwXw ky shXog sy sikõX hokr vh jgq` kI s÷iÃ krqw hY[ es jgq` ky smáq kwX~
ÛXwpwro< kI kwrx-Si#qXo< kw swmUihk }p mwXw hY[ Xh jgq` bRhÓ kw ivvq~ (Avwáqivk Xw BRwmk
AwBws kw kwrx) hY; ikNqu mwXw kw pirxwm (}pwNqr) hY[ rÈjU my< sp~ kw AwBws (ivvq~ AQw~q`
Aqwiävk ANXQw Bwv) kI BWiq Xh jgq` Azwq kw pirxwm hY[ dUD kw dhI my<, im¡I kw GVy my< AOr
suvx~ kw AwBU†x my< }pwNqirq ho jwnw hI pirxwm hY[
s÷iÃ-rcnw ky ilXy e~Üvr, mwXw pr AvliMbq hY AOr e~Üvr kw e~ÜvrËv s÷iÃ pr AwDwirq hY[
mwXw, prmyÜvr kI bIjSi#q hY[ vhI Anyk nwm}po< kw kwrx hY[ asI ky kwrx Ek hI bRhÓ Anyk
nwm-}po< my< Bwisq hoqw hY[
bRhÓ ko es jgq` kw inimÁ AOr apwdwn kwrx khw gXw hY[ ikNqu bRhÓ qo iniv~kwr Ev<
iniàkõX hY[ assy s÷iÃ kI aËpiÁ kYsy sMBv hY[ esilXy mwXw ko bRhÓ kI SiÂ khw gXw AOr asky
shXog sy es jgq` kI aËpiÁ bqwXI gXI[ ikNqu es ê÷iÃ sy Xh n smJnw cwihXy ik mwXw AOr bRhÓ
do iviBNn sÁwE> hY<[ váquq: bRhÓ ky AiqirÂ es ivÜv my< mwXw kw Xw iksI ANX váqu kw koe~ AiáqËv
hI nhI< hY[ Awg kI dwihkw SiÂ ijs pRkwr Awg sy Alg nhI< hY, asI pRkwr mwXw BI bRhÓ sy Alg
nhI< hY[
mwXw AOr bRhÓ ky AiqirÂ koe~ ávq<Z sÁ nhI< hY[ ijs pRkwr lok my< pu{† AOr askI Si#q
ko Alg nhI< ikXw jw skqw hY asI pRkwr mwXw ko BI bRhÓ sy Alg nhI< ikXw jw skqw hY[
mwXw Si#q, bRhÓ ky Ek dyS my< hY, sMpUx~ bRhÓ my< nhI<[ jYsy Gt ko aËpNn krny kI Si#q
AQw~q` Ek AvXv icknI im¡I my< hI rhqI hY, asI pRkwr mwXw Si#q EkdySIX hY[
s<q gulwb is<h inm~l ™q ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< mwXw pR™iq kw pXw~X hY jo jgq` ky jNm,
iáQiq AOr pRlX kw kwrx hY[ AOr iZguxwËmk hony ky kwrx bhuuivD pRjw kw iváqwr krqI hY[4 Xh
mwXw bRhÓ (rwm) kI AiBNn Si#q hY[ prSurwm rwm kI áquiq krqy huXy mwXw ko rwm kI Ainv~cnIX
Si#q khqy hY:ija jl BIqr Pyn Apwrw]] DUm hoe ija Agin mJwrw[
fw. jugl ikSor iZpwTI, gulwb is<h ™q AÍXwËm-rwmwXx kw AnuSIln, p÷. 231.
3
4
1
2
151
iqa qb BIqr mweAw Awih[[ inKl su jgq bnwXo qwih[[1
AgáËX rwm kI áquuiq krqy hY ik s÷iÃ sy pUv~ kyvl bRhÓ (rwm) Qy, mwXw AwpkI hI SiÂ hY
jb vh ingu~x bRhÓ ko Fk lyqI hY qo asy AÛXw™q, mUl pR™iq, mwXw, Aiv´w, s<s÷iq, bNDn Awid nwmo<
sy pukwrw jwqw hY[2 rwm bRhÓ hY qo sIqw pR™iq hY[ sIqw ávX< khqI hY, “jgq mUl kwrx< pRiˆq moih
mwinXy”[3
vydw<q ko sw<$X kw ªYq mwNX nhI<, vh pR™iq ko ávqNZ nhI< mwnqy[ bRhÓ (rwm) kI
Ainvc~nIX Si#q (sIqw) asI pr Awi‰q hY, assy AiBNn hY, Azwn kI smiÃmwZ hY[ askI prmwQ~
sËqw nhI< hY[ pr jb bRhÓ assy Awv÷q hoqw hY, qdnNqr Sy† s÷iÃ ky pRswr ko is©wNq sw<$Xvq` hI asy
ávIkwX~ hY nwrd rwm kI áquuiq krqy hY:ZY gux mweAw rGuvr joe~[[ qb AwsRy inq Bwsy soe~[[
skul iˆs
jw jny AnUp[[
iˆsn
ˆsn A{ lohq }p[[ ZYivD põjw
[4
mwXw kI do Si#qXw< (iv@yp AOr Awvrx) mwnI ge~ hY[ iv@yp Si#q bRhÓ sy lykr áQwivr
pRwixXo< qk smáq nwm }pwËmk jgq` kI s÷iÃ krqI hY AOr Awvrx Si#q AwËmw ky sq` icq` AOr
AwnNdáv}p ko Awv÷q kr lyqI hY[ ‰I rwm lâmx ko apdyS dyqy hY:qw< hI kr hovY s<swr[[ qw<ky }p su d`vY arDwr[
ivKypwvrx don pihcwn[[ ivKyp su klpy jgq mhwn[
il<gwidk jgq hY jyqo[[ sUKm sQUl rc`Xo iqn qyqo[
dUsr igAwn }p AwvrXo[[ Awqm mwih suv<Dn krXo[5
jIv
jIv kw áv}p
s÷÷iÃ-pRikõXw ky pRs<g my< khw gXw hY ik bui©, mn, Ah<kwr, icÁ, ANq:krx kI en v÷iÁXo<
AOr pWc zwnyiNdõXo< ky Xog sy ivzwnmX koS AOr assy iGry huE cYqNX jIv kI aËpiÁ hue~ hY[ SrIr v
AwËmw kw nwm jIv hY[ asko e~Üvr kw A<S AQvw pRiqibMb khw jw skqw hY[ ‘mwXw ky pirxwmáv}p
áQUl AOr sUâm SrIr sihq AwËmw hI jIv khlwqw hY’ (kwXo~pwiDrX< jIv:)[ esI bwq ko S<krwcwX~ ny
‘SwrIirk BwàX’ my< es pRkwr khw hY, ‘eiNdõX, mn, bui©, Ah<kwr AOr SrIr kI apwiDXo< sy iGrw huAw
(piriÇC´mwn) AOr p÷÷Qk` ikXw gXw AwËmw hI jIv hY’ (pr EvwËmw dyhyiNdõXmno bu©XwúpwiDiB:
piriÇC´mwno bwlY: Swr<r< eËXupcX~qy)[ ‰uiq my< khw gXw hY ik ‘Xh AwËmw jl my< pRiqibiMbq cNdRmw ky
smwn Ek AOr Anyk idKwXI dyqw hY[
jIv, e~Üvr kw pRiqibMb
es pRiqibMb kw rháX smJ lyny ky bwd jIv ky AiáqËv kI vwáqivkqw smJI jw skqI hY[
pRiqibMb khqy hY CwXw ky ilE[ Xh pRiqibMb swpyâX howqw hY, kiØpq AQvw Avwáqivk nhI<[ jhW
khI< BI pRiqibMb idKwXI dygw vhW pRiqibiMbq mUl váqu kw honw AwvÜXk hY[ adwhrx ky ilXy muK ky
pRiqibMb ky ilE muK, dp~x AOr pRiqibMb, Xy qIn váquE> Ek swQ rhqI hY[ jIv ko jb hm AwËmw kw
pRiqibMb ávIkwr krqy hY qo EysI AváQw my< hmy< mwnnw pVygw ik mUl ibMb e~Üvr hY, dp~x ANq:krx hY
AOr cyqnw Xw jIv askw pRiqibMb hY[
3
4
5
1
2
152
gulwb is<h ™q ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< prSurwm rwm kI áquiq krqy smX jIv ky áv}p ko
ápÃ krqy hY ik Aiv´w jNX dyhwid s<Gwqo< my< pRiqibiMbq icq` Si#q hI es jIv lok my< ‘jIv’
khlwqI hY:Aivd`dXwiˆ s<Gwq ivkwrw[ icq põiqib<
iqib<b suqwih mJwrw[[
jIv nwm qo qwih khwXo[ Awp Bulwe jgq duK pwXo[[1
jIv e~Üvr sy AiBNn hY[ icd`wËmw Ek hI hY[ Byd kw kwrx apwiD hY[ jIv jb áQUl sUâm
Ev< kwrx SrIr (apwiDXo<) Ev~ jwg÷q, ávÎn AOr su†uiÎq sy rihq hoqw hY qo vh prmwËmw ho jwqw hY[
jIv kI apwiDXo<, AváQwAo< AOr ansy ivin~muÂ hokr icdwËmw kI Ekqw kw vx~n nwrd krqy h<YsQUl su sUKm kwrxnwm
qIn apwiD prmicq Dwm
en ivisrq icq jIv bKwny
en ivmuiÂ prmysu mwny[
jwgRq supn suKopq nwm
qIn AváQw s<isRq Dwm
qwih ivl$Kx swKI joe~
rwm rGuÁm vy qum soe~[2
aps<hwr
dono< kwÛX-™iqXo<- ‘rwmcirqmwns’ AOr ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ my< dS~n qäv kI Koj krny pr
hm es inàk~† pr phu>cy hY< ik ‘rwmcirq mwns’ my< qävzwn khI< ávq<Z }p sy iciZq nhI<, askw
pX~vswn BiÂ my< hoqw hY Aq: Xhw< A<gIrs ‘BiÂ’ hY[ lyikn s<q gulwb is<h inm~l Ek dwS~ink BÂ
kiv hY<[ anky AwrwÍX rwm AwËmw ky pXw~X hY<[ vy sgux rwm ky apwsk BI hY<[ goávwmI qulsIdws kI
Bw<iq vy sgux AOr ingu~x my< ANqr nhI< smJqy[ lyikn vy sgux AOr BiÂ ky mwÍXm sy ingu~x v AÍXwËm
qk phu>cqy hY<[ XQwqw< ko Bgiq qumwrI hovy
igAwn pwe duK sglo
sglo sovy[3
qb qk Bgiq jugiq jn jye~
igawn lhy kõm kr jn qye~[4
qulsI ky rwm, ivàxu v bRhÓ hoqy huXy qo mUlq: dwSriQ rwm hY<, nr hY<, pr an kw áQwn sb sy
‚pr v bFækr hY- XQw
jgu pyKn quMh dyKinhwry
iviDhir s<Bu ncwvnhwry]5
ankw SrIr icdwn<dmX Ev< AivkwrI hY[ vy pRw™q rwjwvq` khqy AOr krqy idKwe~ pVqy hY<, pr
aNho<ny dyv v s<qo< ky kwX~ ky ilXy idÛX nr dyh Dwrx kI hY[ esilXy qulsI sgux }p AOr pirxwm
áv}p BiÂ ko mhËv dyqy hY<[ XQwqwq rwm nih< nr BUpwlw
BuvnyÜvr kwlhu kr kwlw
1
2
3
4
5
mwns 2.26.1
153
bRhÓ AnwmX Aj Bgv<qw
ÛXwpk Aijq Anwid
Anwid An<qw1
go iªj Dynu dyvihqkwrI
™pw is<Du mwnu† qnDwrI[
qnDwrI[
jnr<jn B<jn Kl bRwqw
vydDm~ rÇCk sunu BRwqw2
kiv gulwb is<h ky rwm nr v ivàxu hoqy huXy BI mUlq: AwËmw hY Plq: vy ingu~x}p Ev<
qävzwn ko mhËv dyqy hY<[ BiÂ Ev< zwn ko dono< my< áQwn hY[ qulsI ny zwn ko swDn Ev< BiÂ ko
swÍX mwnw hY[ qo gulwb is<h ny BiÂ ko áv}p-boD v qäv zwn ko svo~qm swDn ávIkwr ikXw hY[
esilXy AÍXwËm rwmwXx kw pRiqpw´ Ev< A<gIrs AwËmw kI pRËXiBzw v SwNq rs hY[
dUsrI bwq- ivªwno< ny qulsI pr s<á™q kI ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ kw pRBwv muÂ k&T sy ávIkwr
ikXw hY[ Anyk áQwno< pr qo Eysw pRqIq hoqw hY jYsy qulsI ny askw Anuvwd sw kr idXw hY[ ‘AÍXwËmrwmwXx’ my< es pRÜn kw iváq÷q aäwr hY ik #Xw ingu~x, inrwkwr, prbRhÓ rwm AOr dSrQ-suq mwnv rwm
Ek hI ÛXiÂ hY<[ ‘rwmcirq mwns’ my< BI XhI pRÜn aTwXw gXw hYbRhÓ jo ÛXwpk ivrj Aj Akl AnIh AByd
so ik dyh Dwir hoe~ nr jwih n jwnq Byd[3
p<· gulwb is<h inm~l ricq ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ qo s<á™q kI ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ kw Anuvwd hI
hY[ p<· gulwb is<h ny iksI nXy pwZ kI s÷iÃ nhI< kI, n hI iksI mUl pwZ kI cwirZk ivSyàwqwAo< my<
pirvq~n hI ikXw AOr n hI iksI ne~ Gtnw kw smwvyS ikXw[ ivªwno< kw mq hY Xh rcnw Bwvwnuvwd
nhI< hY Aipqu Ek Anuvwd mwZ hY lyikn Eysw khnw gulwb is<h ™q ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ sy ANXwX hogw[
p<· gulwb is<h Ek sµdX kiv Qy[ aNho<ny mUl ky Bwv, rs, qwl Awid ko µdX<gm krky asy rcnw
kOSl ªwrw nXw }p pRdwn ikXw hY[
mUl ‘AÍXwËm-rwmwXx’ kw pRxXn iksI di@x invwsI AªYqvwdI SYv sNXwsI rwm Sm~n (?)
ny lgBg 13vI< SqwÑdI e~· my< ikXw Qw[ pRáquq ™iq kI rcnw gulwb is<h ny 1782 e~· my< kI[ s<á™q ky
ivªwn sµdX v pRiqBw sMpNn kiv gulwb is<h ny mUl ™iq kI váqu, Bwàww v ivcwr, Al<kwro< Bwv v
rs ko µdX<gm krky aNhy< shj qQw srl }p sy sMpRyi†q ikXw[ aNho<ny ApnI ApUv~ rcnw SiÂ ªwrw
esy mOilkqw pRdwn kI[
A<qq: swr }p my< hm khnw cwhyg< y jYsw ik pyrI ny khw hY ik kuC mhwn` kiv kyvl jIvn kw
vx~n krny my< eÇCuk hoqy hY< AOr kuC jIvn kw AQ~ smJny ky eÇCuk hoqy hY<[ dUsrI ‰yxI ky kiv
dwS~ink kiv hY<[ imØtn, dWty, gyty, vf`~vQ~, bRwain<g eËXwid dwS~ink-kiv Qy[ es AwDwr pr hm kh
skqy hY ik goávwmI qulsIdws kiv-dwS~ink hY AOr s<q gulwb is<h inm~l dwS~inkqw eNho<ny hmy< Awcwr
kI iS@w dI, Xy ivcwrk AOr dyvdUq Qy[
shwXk puáqk sUcI
s<á™q
1. AK&fwnNd srávqI, AÍXwËm-rwmwXx, s<ákrx 1999.
2. AÍXwËm-rwmwXx, gIqw pRys, gorKpur, s<ákrx s<. 2027.
mwns 5.39
mwns 5.32
3
mwns 1.50
1
2
154
3.
4.
hir™àxdws goXNdkw, vydw<q dS~n, gIqw pRys gorKpur, s<ákrx s<. 2050.
S<krwcwX~, ivvyk cUVwmix, gIqw pRys, gorKpur[
ihNdI
5. AK&fwnNd srávqI, vydw<q boD, 1984.
6. apyS im‰, BwrqIX dS~n, ihNdI simiq aÁrpRdyS, 1970.
7. Em. ihirXNNww, BwrqIX dS~n kI }pryKw, rwjkml, 1987.
8. kubyrnwQ rwX, mhwkiv kI qj~nI, nySnl piÑliS<g hwas, 1979.
9. cNdRBwn rwvq (fw.), qulsI swihËX-bdlqy pRiqmwn, jvwhr puáqkwlX, mQurw, 1971.
10. jugl ikSor iZpwTI (fw.), p<. gulwb is<h ™q AÍXwËm rwmwXx kw AnuSIln, Bwàww ivBwg p<jwb,
pitXwlw, 1992.
11. dyvI pRswd ct`topwÍXwX, BwrqIX dS~n my< #Xw jIv<q hY AOr #Xw m÷q, pIpuØs piÑlkyiS<g, 1984.
12. inm~l kOiSk (fw.), ‰I gu{ goivNd is<h AOr inm~l s<q prMprw, 1999.
13. bldyv pRswd im‰ (fw.), qulsIdS~n, ihNdI swihËX sMmyln pRXwg, 2005 s<ákrx[
14. mnmohn shgl (fw.), ihNdI rwm kwÛX kw sw<á™iqk AÍXXn, pIXU† pRkwSn, 2002.
15. rmyS ku<ql myG, qulsI AwDuink vwqwXx sy, BwrqI zwnpIT pRkwSn, 1973.
16. rwm áv}p AwX~ (fw.), sMpwdk, qulsIdws s<dB~, 1974.
17. vwcápiq gYrolw, BwrqIX dS~n, lok BwrqI, 1972.
18. sdwn<d, vydw<qswr:, moqIlwl bnwrsIlwl, 1993.
19. srnwm is<h (fw.), ihNdI swihËX pr s<á™q kw pRBwv, 1952.
20. suDwkr pw&fyX rwDw™àx, sMpwdk, rwm cirqmwns, 1999.
p<jwbI
21. pRIqm is<h, sMpwdk, inm~l s<pRdwX, gu{ nwnk dyv ivÜviv´wlX, Am÷qsr, 1981.
155
inm~l sMpRdwXwX-ad`Bv, ivkws AOr dyn
inm~l Aw‰m ƒi†kyS ky ivSy† s<dB~ my<
-fw. mdn gulwtI*
gu{mq AOr gu{vwxI ky pRcwr pRswr my< do sMpRdwXo< kw ivSy† Xogdwn rhw hY- Ek hY adwsIn
AQvw adwsI sMpRdwX AOr dUsrw hY- inm~l sMpRdwX[ Xy dono< sMpRdwX is#K eiqhws my< Ek gOrvpUx~
áQwn rKqy hY<[
adwsI sMpRdwX kw AwrMB bwbw ‰IcNd jI ªwrw huAw[ Awpkw jNm Bwdõ Su#lw nvmI s<vq`
1551 ko qlv<fI nwmk gWv my<, ‰I gu{ nwnkdyv Ev< mwqw sul@xw ky Gr my< huAw Qw[ pRis© hY ik
jNm ky smX iSSu ky isr pr jtw, dyh pr sylI, kwno< my< ku&flwid Anyk ad`Buq ich`n ivd`Xmwn Qy,
ijNhy< dyK kr Anyk ÛXiÂXo< ny aNhy< sw@wq` Bgvwn` S<kr kw Avqwr mwnw[1 ávX< mhwrwj ‰I gu{ nwnk
dyv jI ny ApnI bhn bIbI nwnkI ko Ek bwr khw Qw ik dyKo- bhn ! mY< quMhy< Apny idl kI Ek
bwq bqwqw hU> ik es iSSu my< Ek e~ÜvrIX idÛXqw hY AOr Xh hmwry pRym ky kwrx es p÷ÌvI pr AwXw hY[
eskw ÛXiÂËv ivl@x hY AOr esky ªwrw pRviq~q sMpRdwX ivÜv my< pRis© hogw[ gu{ nwnk dyv jI ky Xy
vcn A@rS: sËX is© huXy[2
adwsI prMprw ky AnuXwiXXo< ko nwnk puZo< ky }p my< jwnw jwqw hY[ gu{vwxI ko smJny Ev<
pRcwr pRswr my< sbsy pRQm Xogdwn eNhI< swDuAo< kw hY[
adwsI sMpRdwX ky pÜcwq` gu{vwxI ky pRcwr Ev< pRswr qQw asky ic<qn mnn krny AOr asky
Anuswr jIvn jIny kw ‰yX Xid iksI ko hY qo vh hY- inm~l sMpRdwX[ Apny AÍXXn-AÍXwpn,
BwrqIX dS~n AOr swihËX ky swQ inktqw es sMpRdwX ky pRmuK gux hY<[ BwrqIX dS~no< my< sy vydw<q,
sw<$X, icikËsw SwáZ my< Xy log ivSy† pRvIx hY<[ lyikn inm~l sMpRdwX ky bwry my< jwnny sy pUv~ hmy<
‘inm~l’ SÑd ko jwn lynw cwihXy[
inm~l SÑd kw AQ~
‘inm~l’ s<á™q SÑd hY jo inr` (aps~g) AOr ml (SÑd) ky Xog sy bnw hY ijskw AQ~ hY
‘ml rihq’ AQw~q` pivZ Ev< Su©[ inm~l eiqhwskwr mh<q gxySw is<h jI ny ‘inm~l’ SÑd kI ÛXuËpiäw
es pRkwr kI hY‘iniv~Sy†x apdõvy
vx
y rihqw sv~ ihqkwrI prmopdyS v#qw inm~lw eiq Su©w[3
Xh ÛXuËpiäw Ek sÇcy gu{muK kw boD krwqI hY[ ‘inm~l sMpRdwX’ kw AQ~ jwiqgq AQvw
Dm~gq n hokr prMprw sy sMb<iDq hY AQw~q` inm~l s<q prMprw[
inm~l sMpRdwX kw ad`Bv
Ek mwNXqw ky Anuswr es sMpRdwX kw AwrMB gu{ nwnk dyv jI ky Xug my< hI ho gXw Qw,
lyikn dUsrI mwNXqw ky Anuswr es sMpRdwX kw ad`Bv kwl dSm gu{ goivNd is<h jI kw jIvn kwl
hI hY[ phly mq kw smQ~n krqy huXy ApnI rcnw ‘inm~l p<Q pRdIipkw’ my< zwnI zwn is<h kw kQn hY
* pUv~ viràT põwÍXwpk, ánwqkoÁr ihNdI ivBwg, dXwl is<h kwlyj, krnwl-132001(hirXwxw).
* 1329 sY#tr 13, Ab~n Eátyt
y krnwl-132001.
Pon : 0184-2201407
1
fw. jgNnwQ Smw~ h>s kw Ek lyK ‘cyqhu ngrI, qwrhu gWv’ (ihNdI ihNduáqwn).
2
Sikh Review, October 1994, p. 13.
3
inm~l BU†x (eiqhws inm~l ByK), p÷. 2.
156
ik swDwrxq: is#K mq pr ivÜvws rKny vwly log g÷háQ jIvn hI ÛXqIq krqy Qy[ loikn kuC Eysy
BI Qy ijNho<ny vYrw^X ko Apnw ilXw Qw[ XhI log inm~l khlwny lgy, Apny mq kI puiÃ ky ilE eNho<ny
gu{ gRNQ swihb my< sy a©rx pRáquq ikXy hY<[ enkw Xh BI kQn hY ik ‘inm~l pd’ gu{ nwnk, gu{
Amrdws, gu{ rwmdws AOr gu{ Aju~n dyv vwxI my< qo aplÑD hY hI, Bd`to< kI rcnwAo< my< BI imlqw hY[
XQw:Aihinis nvqn inrmlw mYlw kbh>U n hoe[[
hoe[[ (gu{ gRNQ swihb,
swihb, p÷. 790))
AQw~q`- rwq idn mY< nUqn AOr inm~l hokr rhU>, muJy milnqw kBI n CuXy[
Sbid rqy sy inrmly ha sd bilhwrY jwsu[[
[[
(gu{ gRNQ swihb,
swihb, p÷. 27))
AQw~q`- jo gu{ ky SÑdo< my< rq hY mY< anky bilhwr jwqw hU>[
swD s<ig hoe ‘inrmlw’ nwnk pRB kY r<ig
[[ (gu{ gRNQ swihb,
swihb, p÷. 297))
AQw~q`- jo mnuàX gu{ kI s<giq my< rhkr prmwËmw ky pRym r<g my< r<gw rhqw hY, vh pivZ jIvn vwlw
(inm~l) ho jwqw hY[
inrml ByK Apwr qwsu ibnu Avru
[[
(gu{ gRNQ swihb,
Avru n koe~[[
swihb, p÷. 1409))
AQw~q`- qum hir kw inm~l vyS ho, quMhwry isvw ANX koe~ nhI<[
jo inrmlu
inrmlu syvy su inrmlu
inrmlu hovY
hovY[[
[[
(gu{ gRNQ swihb,
swihb, p÷. 121))
AQw~q`- jo as inrml (prmwËmw) ky nwm kw syvn krqw hY vh askw }p (inrml) ho jwqw hY[
en adwhrxo< ko ÍXwn my< rKkr Xh khw jw skqw hY ik gu{ nwnk dyv jI hI ‘inm~l mq’
ky pRvq~k Qy[ Bwe~ gu{dws jI ny qo ápÃ hI ilKw hYmwirXw is#kw
is#kw jgiq ivc nwnk inm~l p<Q clwXw[[
clwXw[[ (vwrw< Bwe~
Bwe~ gu{dws,
dws, 1.45))
lyikn kuC ivªwno< ny S<kw krqy huXy khw hY ik Xy a©rx AwÍXwiËmk AQ~ ky pircwrk hY n
ik sMpRdwX ivSy† ky[
en pdo< my< inm~l SÑd kw AQ~ khI< BI inm~l s<q Xw inm~l sMpRdwX kw óqk nhI< hY[
inm~l sMpRdwX ky AQ~ my< inm~l SÑd s<zw ky }p my< pRXuÂ huAw hY[
‘inm~l’ pd sy inm~l p<Q kw AQ~ gRhx krny my< Xh pRXojn inihq hY ik inm~l p<QwnuXwXI
ivªwn Ev< eiqhwskwr es p<Q kw sMbND ‰I gu{ nwnk dyv sy joVqy hY<[ ankI es pRv÷iÁ ko jwnny ky
ilE inm~l eiqhwskwro< ky mqo< pr ê÷iÃpwq krnw ApRws<igk nhI< hogw[
inm~l sMpRdwX kw ad`Bv : inm~l eiqhwskwro< ky mq
mhNq gxySw is<h ky Anuswr, “inm~l ByK Anwid hY vq~mwn smX my< ‰I gu{ nwnk dyv jI
mhwrwj ªwrw pRcilq huAw, gu{ goivNd is<h mhwrwjw ªwrw iS@w qQw vrdwn pRwÎq kr pRis© huAw AOr
asI DRuvY pr clw Aw rhw hY ijs pr ‰I gu{ jI ny inXq ikXw Qw[”1
mhNq dXwl is<h ky SÑdo< my<, “gu{ nwnk dyv jI ny pRwxI mwZ ko s<swr-smudR sy pwr krwny
ky ilE Ek inrol e~Üvr kI Bi#q nwm-ámrx }p inm~l-p<Q (inm~l mwg~) áQwipq ikXw[ ijs ªwrw
suKyn hI jIvo< kw ináqwr ho jwE[”2 vy ANXZ ápÃ krqy hY<, “bwby nwnk jI ky clwE huE Bgiq inm~l
p<Q ky swQ ÎXwr krny vwly ijzwsu- g÷háQI, Xw AqIq- sb inm~l Xw inm~lp<QI nwm krky pRis©
huE[”3
zwnI zwn is<h jI kw AiBmq hY, “‰I gu{ nwnk jI sy lykr dSm pwiqSwh pX~Nq jo log
g÷háQI, syvk, apdySI hoqy rhy so kyvl gu{ ky is#K, mShUr huE jo ivh<gm vYrw^Xvwn` g÷háQ Cofkr
inm~l BU†x, p÷. 3.
inm~l p<Q dS~n, p÷. 1055.
3
bwby nwnk dw inm~l p<Q, p÷. 22.
1
2
157
apdyS lykr cly gu{ ky rqy rhy[ so inm~ly is#K khy jwqy rhy[”1 vy p<Q pRkwS my< esI qÌX kI puiÃ
krqy hY:inrml p<Q ehU gu{ clwXo[
clwXo[
‰I gu{ nwnk Kud prgtwXo]]2
es qrh ankI Xh AwáQw hY ik gu{ nwnk dyv jI ny inm~l p<Q kw pRvq~n ikXw AOr is#K
mq kw pXw~X hI inm~l p<Q hY[
es mq kI puiÃ ky ilE inm~l eiqhwskwro< ny gRNQo< my< pRwX: smwn }p sy inMniliKq a©rx
BI idXy hY, jo AvloknIX hYbwbw bye~ Nhwe~ kY, sc K&f ivc phu>cw jwe~[
inm~l p<Q clweAo ek ivvyk mg idRFæwe~[
(Bwe~ BwgIrQ)
kilXug nwnk inrmlw p<Q clwea AwE[
AwE[
(goÃ m#kw)
gu{ Aju~n jh bYT kr bWDI bIV sugRNQ[
Q[
jih pRswd sm jgq
(gu{ ivlws
jgq my<, cil hY inm~l p<Q[
ivlwslws-6)
Xog Bog so
so dono< rIqw[
rIqw[
de~ p<Q inm~l ko cIqw[
(s<qoK is<h)
cIqw[
fw. hrBjn is<h ny ilKw hY ik essy eqnw is© hoqw hY ik inm~l p<QI ivªwn Apny p<Q kw
AwrMB gu{ nwnk sy mwnqy hY< qQw ANX Kwlsw mqwvl<ibXo< ky smwn dso< gu{Ao< my< ivÜvws rKqy hY[3
Ek mwNXqw inm~l sMpRdwX ky sMb<D my< Xh hY ik ‰I pW‚tw swihb (ihmwcl pRdyS) nwmk
áQwn pr invws krqy smX dSm` gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny sn` 1686 e~. my< pWc iSàXo< ko s<á™q iv´w
pRwÎq krny ky ilE bnwrs Byjw Qw[ en pWc iSàXo< ky nwm Qy:- km~ is<h, g&fw is<h, rwm is<h, sYxw
is<h AOr vIr is<h[ bnwrs sy iS@w pRwÎq kr Awny ky bwd sn` 1699 my< Awn<dpur my< Kwlsw áQwpnw ky
smX en logo< ny pWc ÎXwro< my< Bwe~ Dm~ is<h AOr dXw is<h ky hwQo< Am÷qpwn ikXw[Am÷qpwn krny vwly
Xy pWc is#K hI ‘inm~ly s<q” khlwE[
‰I hir is<h ivricq ‘inm~l vyS kw eiqhws Aqy swMpRdwiXk v<SwvlI’ ky p÷. 48 my< BI XhI
khw gXw hY ik inm~l p<Q ky bhuq sy sMpRdwXo< kw AwrMB Bwe~ Dm~ is<h AOr Bwe~ dXw is<h sy huAw
Qw[ es mwNXqw sy BI esI bwq ko bl imlqw hY ik pWc ÎXwro< my< sy do ky hwQo< Am÷q pwn krny vwly
an s<á™q ky pWc ivªwno< sy hI inm~l sMpRdwX AwrMB huAw Qw[
inm~l p<Q ky pRvq~k dSm gu{ goibNd is<h
gu{ goibNd is<h jI sn` 1676 e~. my< gu{ pd pr AwsIn huE[ vy kõõw<iqkwrI, XugdõÃw AOr
sw<á™iqk jwgrx ky AgRdUq Qy[ vy mhwn` Xo©w Ev< swihËXkwr Qy ; anky drbwr my< 52 kiv Qy[
qËkwlIn iv†m iáQiq sy jUJny kI anmy< Apwr @mqw QI, ankI ê÷iÃ pYnI QI[ Ek Aor BwrqIX s<á™iq
ko nÃ krny ky ilE k÷qs<kØp ivdySI rwÈX sÁw qlvwr kw Kulw pRXog kr rhI QI, dUsrI AOr
bRwhÓxvwd ky kwrx mUl s<wá™iqk BwvnwE< pwK&f ky Bwr sy kuclI jw rhI QI[ aNho<ny ivdySI sÁw ko
cunOqI dyny ky ilE qyg ko sMBwlw ; Bi#q ko Si#q sy joVw qo AwNqirk KoKlypn ko dUr krny ky
inm~l p<Q pRdIipkw, p÷. 4.
p<Q pRkwS, p÷. 1246.
3
fw. hrBjn is<h, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX ko Xogdwn, p÷. 168.
1
2
158
ilE s<á™q kw pun{ËQwn AinvwX~ smJw[ bRwhÓxo< ny s<á™q ko Apny qk hI sIimq krky zwn ko
pirimq nhI<, pRËXuq s<kIx~ qQw {iFægq BI kr idXw Qw[ pr dSm` gu{ ny ApnI ANqê÷~iÃ sy s<á™q my<
inihq mUl s<wá™iqk cyqnw ky qËvo< ko prK ilXw Qw[ aNho<ny Anyk s<á™q gRNQo< kw bRjBw†w my<
Anuvwd krvwXw Qw[ pr eqnw hI pXw~Îq nhI< Qw[ vy smJqy Qy ik is#K mq kw pRcwr Ev< pRswr BI
s<á™q Bw†w ky zwn ky mwÍXm sy ikXw jw skqw hY[ s<á™q ky mUl gRNQo< ky AwDwr pr gu{mq kI
sY©wiNqk ÛXw$Xw sy s<wá™iqk Ekqw kw ivkws hogw AOr gu{mq ko puÃ qQw ÛXwpk AwDwr iml
jwEgw[ esilE s<á™q pr bRwhÓxo< ky EkwiDkwr ko B<g krny ky ilE gu{ goibNd is<h ny ‰I pW‚tw
swhb my< p<. rGunwQ ky pws kuC is<ho< ko s<á™q pFæny ky ilE Byjw[ pr asny CotI jwiq ky iSàXo< ko
s<á™q pFæwny sy eNkwr kr idXw[ sBI inm~l- eiqhwskwro< ny es Gtnw kw aØlyK ikXw hY[ p<.
rGunwQ kI s<kIx~qw sy @uÑD hokr dSm` gu{ ‰I goibNd is<h jI ny joS my< Awkr jo SÑd khy Qy, ankw
indy~S ‘p<Q pRkwS’ my< es pRkwr hY:enhI myry isKn qy lK[ iv´w vyd pFæygy iªj d$æK[
ingmwgm lO cOds iv´w[ mY b$AI isKih pirisÍXw[1
Bwe~ kwh`n is<h ky Anuswr, “gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny nwm ky AÒXwsI iv´w ky cwhvwn`, AqIq
v÷iÁ vwly pw<c AnuXwiXXo<- g<fw is<h, krm is<h, vIr is<h, rwm is<h, soBw is<h ko bRhÓcwrI ky vyS my<
s<á™q iv´w pFæny ky ilE kwSI my< Byjw”[2
es qÌX kI puiÃ zwnI zwn is<h ny BI kI hY[ dSm gu{ jI ky AwdyS ky sMvq` 1742 iv.
(sn` 1685 e~.) ko pw<c is#K kwSI my< iv´w pFæny ky ilE gXy pr Xhw< soBw is<h ky áQwn pr sYnw
is<h ky nwm kw aØlyK hY[3 jbik mhNq dXwl is<h ny 6 nwmo< kw aØlyK ikXw hY- “g<gw is<h, krm
is<h, vIr is<h, rwm is<h, soBw is<h AOr sYnw is<h”[4 váquq: pWc ÎXwro< kI qrh pw<c iSàX hI Byjy
gXy ho<gy[
Xy bRhÓcwrI s<q cyqn mT my< pi&fq sdwnNd sy Xhw< ke~ v†~ AÍXXn krqy rhy[ ke~ ivªwno<
kw mq hY ik Xh ‘inm~l’ s<zw bnwrsI pi&fqo< ªwrw dI ge~ hY ; #Xo<ik en is#Ko< ny sPyd váZ Dwrx
ikE huE Qy AOr dáqwry< sjwE huE Qy qo bnwrsI pi&fq aNhy< ‘inm~l’ khny lgy[ fw. qyjw is<h ky
Anuswr, “Dm~ pRcwr ky kyNdRIBUq vhI sNq Qy, ijNho<ny bnwrs my< rhkr s<á™q iv´w pwe~ QI AOr pi&fqo<
ky mÍX my< rhqy huE ‘inm~l’ s<zw pRwÎq kI QI[ ‘inm~l’ SÑd Kwlsw (PwrsI) SÑd kw s<á™q pXw~X hY
AOr dono< kw AQ~ pivZ ÛXiÂ hY”[5
zwnI e~Üvr is<h nwrw ky mqwnuswr, “s<á™q my< pRvIxqw pRwÎq krky jb Xy is#K dSm gu{ jI
ky drbwr my< AwE, qo gu{ jI ny pRsNn hokr AwSIvw~d idXw AOr aNhy< ‘inm~l’ s<zw sy AiBihq ikXw- Xy
myry inm~ly- Xy hY myry inm~ly sNq”[6
AiNqm mq gRwhÕ honw cwihE #Xo<ik inm~l p<Q ky eiqhwskwro< ny dSm` gu{ goibNd is<h ko
hI inm~l pNQ ky pRvq~n kw ‰yX idXw hY[ inm~l p<Q ky pRQm swihËXkwr pi&fq gulwb is<h ky
inMniliKq a©rxo< sy BI es mq kI puiÃ kI jwqI hY:sRI goibNd su is<G hY, pUrn hir Avqwr[
rcXo< p<Q Bv my< pRgt do ibD ko iváqwr]]
Ekn ky kr Kfg dY Buj bl bhu iváqwr]
p<Q pRkwS, p÷. 1250.
mhwn koS, p÷. 712.
3
qvwrIK gu{ Kwlsw, (Bwg 1), p÷. 1532.
4
inm~l p<Q dS~n, p÷÷. 129.
5
is#KeÈm ets` AwifAlj E&f eiNátÇXSUn, p÷. 68.
6
s<@yp eiqhws inrml sMpRdwX, (So. p.), p÷. 5.
1
2
159
pwln BUim ko krXo duÃn mUl aKwr][
AOrn ko ipK ivml miq dInY prm ivvyk[
inrml BwKY jgq iqn hYry bRhÓ su Ek]]1
zwnI zwn is>h ny esI AiBmq kw smQ~n dSm gu{ ky en SÑdo< ky mwÍXm sy ikXw hY, jYsy
dono< p<Ko< ky shwry p<KI bhuq aVwn lyqw hY, Ek p<KhIn p<KI aV nhI< skqw vYsy myrw p<Q dono<
iv´wAo< AOr dono< mwgo~< sihq bhuq v÷i© ko pRwÎq hogw[ Xo dono< p<Q Kwlsw kI dono< BujwE> hY<[
inm~l sMpRdwX kw ivkws
sn` 1699 my< ‰I gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny Kwlsw p<Q kI áQwpnw kI[ jb Xh smwcwr s<á™q
iv´wÍXXn my< inrq-kwSI iáQq dSm` gu{ ky iSàXo< ny sunw, qo ansy rhw nhI< gXw[ vy 13-14 v†~ sy
iv´w pRwÎq kr rhy Qy[ s<á™q ky ivªwn` ho gXy Qy[ vy BI dSm` gu{ ky drbwr my< apiáqq huE[ aNho<ny
s<á™q Üloko< my< gu{ jI kI áquiq kI[ gu{ jI ny ankI ivªqw sy hi†~q huE[ an ivªwno< ny BI Bwe~ dXw
is<h v Bwe~ Dm~ is<h sy Am÷q pwn ikXw[ Am÷q Ckny ky bwd BI s<á™q inm~l sNqo< kI v÷iÁ pUv~vq`
swiËvk Ev< vYrw^XmXI bnI rhI[ anky SwNq qQw smdSI~ ÛXvhwr sy dSm gu{ bVy pRsNn Qy[ anky
sq`s<g AOr kQw-vwqw~ sy sb log lwBwiNvq hoqy rhy[ mhNq gxySw is<h ky Anuswr, ‘vwáqv my< Ek ‰I
sqgu{ jI kw vrdwn, dUsrw inËX kw AQk AÒXws, qIsry icq kw pRym, cOQy Dm~ pRcwr kI cwh, pw<cvy<
p<Q my< iv´w lwny kI am<g, es pRkwr km~ is<h Awid ke~ Xo^X pi&fq ho gXy AOr anho<ny gu{ jI ky
pws vwips Awkr drbwr my< SukõnIiq, cwx#X nIiq, mhwBwrq Awid kw Bw†wnuvwd BI ikXw[
inm~l p<Q ªwrw gu{mq kw pRcwr
jb ‰I gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny AwnNd pur CoVw qb inm~l sNqo< ky jIvn my< BI Ek nXw moV
AwXw[ drbwr kw vwqwvrx CUt gXw[ bwvn kivXo< ky ikqny hI gRNQ srsw ndI my< bh gXy[ anmy< sy n
jwny inm~l-ivªwno< ªwrw AnUidq ikqny gRNQ ho<gy[ sn` 1708 e~. my< dSm gu{ jI ky prmÈXoiq my< lIn
hony pr pw<co< ÎXwro< my< sy Bwe~ dXw is<h AOr Dm~ is<h, jo gu{ goibNd is<h jI ky swQ hI nw<dyV my< AwXy
Qy, qQw ANX Anyk SáZDwrI is<h dSm gu{ jI ky ivXog my< sNqÎq Apnw sYink vyS pirËXwg kr kËQe~
váZ phn kr inm~l swDu bn gXy[ ijskw aØlyK zwnI zwn is<h ny ikXw hY:qb dXw is<G, aSnwk, syxw is<G vIr imõgygS
y jU[
is<G km~, g<fw
fw hir grjw rwm is<G mhyS jU[
eqXwid is<G bhu SsZ qj kY vsZ Dwir kQwh hY[
bin jgq qY ivr#q Bgq su ‘s<
‘s<q inrml’ AKwe hY[[2
inm~l sNq áQwn-áQwn pr GUm kr kQw-vwqw~ krqy Qy[ ApnI ivªq`qw AOr ËXwgmX AwdS~
jIvn ªwrw logo< ko pRBwivq krqy Qy[ gw<vo< my< áQwno< kI kmI n QI, log aNhy< Aw‰X dyqy Qy[ vhw<
inm~l ivªwn` kQw-vwqw~ AwrMB kr dyqy, ijskw rspwn krny ky ilE logo< kw Awnw-jwnw Su{ ho jwqw
Qw[ jb jb v÷iÁ rmqI, inm~l sNq vhw< itkqy AOr gu{mq kw pRcwr krqy Qy[ ke~ inm~l ivªwno< ko qo
jæmI<dwr log jmIn jwXdwd Awid dwn my< lyny kI pySkS krqy Qy qo vhw< aNho<ny lok-ihqwQ~ Dm~SwlwE<
bnw dI[ pRwÎq hony vwlI Kw´ ANX swmgRI BI vy j}rqmNdo< my< bw<t dyqy Qy[ es qrh aNho<ny logo< kw
ivÜvws pRwÎq kr ilXw Qw[ vy inm~l-sNq pUx~mwsI, Amwvs, s<kõwiNq Awid Dwim~k pvo~< pr dIvwn BI
sjwqy, ‰I gu{ gRNQ swihb kw pRkwS krqy, gu{vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw krqy AOr askI ÛXw$Xw my< ihNdU-Dm~
gRNQo< ky a©rx hoqy Qy ijssy ApRËX@ }p sy ihNdU as Aor Awki†~q hony lgy[
1
2
mo@ pNQ pRkwS, 5/88-89.
p<Q pRkwS, p÷. 37.
160
inm~l ivªwn ke~ áQwno< pr itk gXy[ vhI áQwn anky fyry khlwE[ vhw< vy logo< ko gu{muKI
pFæwqy, Apny iSàXo< ko s<á™q-gRNQ pFæwqy, Awny-jwny vwlo< ky ilE Thrny kw sucw{ pRbND BI krqy[
mDukrI v÷iÁ sy anky Bojn kI ÛXváQw kI icNqw n QI[ ke~ inm~l-sNq AwXuvy~d ky zwqw Qy, vy Apny
swQ AO†iDXw< rKqy Qy AOr roigXo< kw apcwr krqy Qy[ jnqw kI syvw hI anky jIvn kw AwdS~ Qw[
EysI lokipRXqw kI p÷ÄBUim my< vy gu{mq kw pRcwr krqy Qy[ Anyk logo< ny ávyÇCw sy Am÷q pwn ikXw
AOr vy is#K bn gXy[ DIry-DIry anky syvko< kI s<$Xw bFæqI ge~[ anky ªwrw dI ge~ AwiQ~k shwXqw
sy Anyk áQwno< pr bVy bVy fyry bn gXy[ ke~ áQwno< pr pRiqiÄq jmIdwro< ny jmIn dykr an fyro< kI
AwmdnI my< v÷i© kI[ es qrh ivr#q v÷iÁ ky Gum#kV inm~l sNqo< ky Anyk fyry áQwipq ho gXy[
ENswe#lopIifXw AwP ry. E&f E. ky Anuswr, “vy Ek bVI sus<giTq, AnuSwisq AOr pRiqiÄq jËQybNdI
bn ge~”[1
inm~l sNq ApnI m&filXo< sihq kuMBwid pvo~< pr Bwrq ky qIQ~ áQwno<- ku{@yZ, hirªwr,
kwSI, pRXwg, aÈjYn, Z`XMbk, ptnw my< jwqy Qy[ vy vHw< gu{mq kw pRcwr krqy Qy[ ATwrvhI< AOr
aNnIsvI< SqwÑdI ky mÍX qk anmy< Ev< ANX is#Ko< my< koe~ Byd-Bwv nhI< Qw[ vy ansy AiBNn Qy[ Eysy
pRqIq hoqw Qw ik Ek pRkwr Ek p÷Qk` p<Q ky }p my< ankI pRiqÄw nhI< hue~ QI[
inm~l s<q dUsry swDu-sMpRdwXo< kI qrh pRwX: kuMB ky pvo~< pr qIQ~ áQwno< pr jwqy Qy AOr
gu{mq kw pRcwr krqy Qy[ inm~l sNq en áQwno< pr EkZ hoqy Qy[ Eysw phlw smwgm kuMB pv~ pr sn`
1759 e~. my< ‡i†kyS my< huAw Qw[ dUsrI bwr AD~kuMBI ky Avsr pr sn` 1765 e~. my< hirªwr my< huAw Qw[
esI qrh kuMB ky mhwn` pv~ (sn` 1783, 1795 e~.) AOr AD~-kuMBI ky pv~ (sn` 1789 AOr 1801 e~.)
pr inm~l sNqo< ky sMmyln huE AOr aNho<ny is#K mq kw pRcwr ikXw[ vy ávX<-pwkI Qy, aNhy< rsd iml
jwqI QI[ pr Kwnw pkwny my< bVI kiTnwe~ hoqI QI ; pirxwmáv}p Dm~-pRcwr ky kwX~ my< ANX sMpRdwXo<
kI Apy@w AsuivDw AwqI QI[ esilE sn` 1807 e~. ky kuMB pv~ pr bwbw drgwhw is<h ky fyry pr l<gr
kw smuicq pRbND ikXw gXw[ mhwn` sMmyln huAw ijs my< p<jwb ky pRËXyk fyry ky pRiqiniD inm~l sNq
apiáQq Qy[ es Avsr pr smuicq ÛXváQw QI[ an idno< p<jwb my< rwjnIiq suiáQrqw Aw ge~ QI[
mhwrwjw rxjIq is<h kw Swsn kwl Qw[ vy bVy Dm~BI{ v dXwlu Qy AOr sNqo< kw sMmwn krqy Qy[ vy
es SuBpv~ pr (kuMB) hirªwr my< ánwn krny AwXy Qy[ inm~l sNqo< ky Dm~ pRcwr sy vh bVy pRsNn huE[
inm~l sNq Ab qk rwjnIiqk pRBwv sy pUx~qXw mu#q Qy[ aNho<ny mhwrwjw rxjIq is<h ªwrw ivvS ikXy
jwny pr BI koe~ jwgIr nhI< lI[
sn` 1819 e~. my< kuMB ky Avsr pr smuicq pRbNQ n hony ky kwrx inm~l sNqo< ko kiTnwe~
kw swmnw krnw pVw[ esilE aNhy< kuMB Awid pvo~< pr sucw{ pRbND AOr gu{mq ky pRcwr ky ilE
Si#qSwlI s<gTn kI AwvÜXkqw pRqIq hue~[ sn` 1831 e~. ky kuMB ky Avsr pr phlI bwr inm~l
swDuAo< ny dSm gu{ jI kw Ívj PhrwXw, SoBwXwZw inkwlI, ivrwt sMmyln kw AwXojn ikXw[ PulikXw<
irXwsqo< ky rwjwAo< ny BI es smwgm my< Bwg ilXw[
inm~l p<cwXqI AKwVw kI áQwpnw
sn` 1861 e~. my< ‘p<cwXqI AKwVw inm~lw’ kI áQwpnw hue~ AOr bwbw mhqwb is<h jI ko
sv~sMmiq sy ‰I mhNq bnwXw gXw[ es idSw my< irXwsqo< ny inm~l s<qo< kI pXw~Îq shwXqw kI[
inm~l swihËX
inm~l sNq s<á™q ky iv©wn` Qy[ aNho<ny bnwrs, pRXwg, aÈjYn, hirªwr, ‡i†kyS, lwhOr,
Am÷qsr, dmdmw swihb AOr pitXwlw Awid ky fyro< my< iS@w kI aicq ÛXváQw kI[ gu{mq ky pRcwr ky
1
fw. jugl ikSor iZpwTI ™q ‘p<. gulwb is<h ™q ‘AÍXwËm rwmwXx kw AnuSIln’ sy ad`D÷q, p÷. 13.
161
swQ aNho<ny SwáZIX pRxwlI sy gu{vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw krky pi&fq vg~ my< ApnI Dwk jmwe~ AOr gu{mq ky
swihËX my< v÷i© kI[ eNho<ny gu{vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw vydw<q ic<qn ky s<dB~ my< kI hY[ lgBg sBI inm~l s<q
AªYq vydw<q dS~n ky p@Dr Qy[ esky Airir#q aNho<ny BwrqIX dS~n SwáZ my< BI swihËX-s÷jn kr
Apnw nwm roSn ikXw[
Xh TIk hY ik ivgq svw sO v†o~< my< inm~l sNqo< kw Jukwv p<jwbI Bw†w my< swihËX-s÷jn kI
Aor hoqw gXw hY[ pr ivgq pw<c sO v†o~< ky ihNdI swihËX ky dyn ky eiqhws pr d÷iÃpwq krny sy BI
ápÃ ho jwqw hY ik inm~l sMpRdwX ky sNqo< ny ihNdI swihËX-s÷jn my< mhËvpUx~ Xogdwn pRdwn ikXw hY[
1. inm~l sNqo< ªwrw pRáquq pRcIn gR<Qo< ky Anuvwd, }pwrNqrx Ev< tIkwE<[
2. inm~ly sNqo< ªwrw sMpwidq gu{vwxI kI tIkwE<[
3. inm~l sNqo< ªwrw ivricq is#K eiqhws sy sMbiNDq kwÛX[
4. inm~l sNqo< ªwrw ivricq pOrwixk iv†Xo< ky kwÛX[
inm~l sMpRdwX ky pRmuK swihËXkwro< my< p<. gulwb is<h, qwrw is<h inroäwm, p<. bwbw nwnU is<h,
mh<q gxySw is<h, zwnI zwn is<h, s<q inhwl is<h, Bwe~ s<qoK is<h kw nwm Amr hY[ pr Awj swihËXs÷jn kI ê÷iÃ sy koe~ ivSy† kwX~ nhI< ho rhw[
inm~l sMpRdwX ky swihËX my< bRhÓ, jIv, jgq`, mwXw Awid kw icNqn BwrqIX vydwNq dS~n ky
Anu}p hI AiDkwSq: ikXw gXw hY[ eNho<ny ing~ux inrwkwr bRhÓ kw hI pRiqpwdn Ev< apwáX }p my<
Anumodn ikXw hY[ Ek vw#X my< BI khw jw skqw hY ik ing~uxvwd kI jo ivSy†qwE< hY, swmwNXq: vy
sBI enky kwÛXo< my< pwe~ jwqI hY[ pr vh ghn gMBIr icNqn, mnn AOr mNQn anmy< idKwe~ nhI< pVqw,
jo es kwl K&f ky BIqr Awny vwly ihNdI ky B#q kivXo< kI vwxI AOr is#K smudwX ky mhwn` ds
gu{Ao< kI vwxI my< dyKny ko imlqw hY[
esky Aiqir#q inm~ly sNq kivXo< kw Ek ivSu© pRcwrk Ev< apdySk kw áv}p BI hY[ jo
ávq: hI aBr kr swmny Aw jwqw hY[ váquq: gu{mq ky pRcwr ky ilE hI es sMpRdwX kw AwivBw~v huAw
Qw, Aq: es qÌX ko inqwNq ávwBwivk hI khw jwEgw[
inm~l swihËX my< khI<-khI< rIiqkwl kI pRv÷iqXo< kw pRBwv BI ápÃ dyKw jw skqw hY[ swihËX
SwáZ ky dohw, CÎpX Xw ANX A<go< kw smgR vx~n ke~ ™iqXo< my< ikXw gXw hY[ esy hm rIiq kwÛX kw pRBwv
n khnw cwhy< qo Ek smgR Xug kI mwniskqw kw pRBwv qo inás<koc ryKw<ikq kr hI skqy hY<[
inm~ly s<qo< ky swihËX my< Ek ANX pRv÷iäw ky dS~n BI hoqy hY< AOr vh hY AwdS~ pu{†o< kw
vx~n[ kivXo< ny gu{Ao< kI mihmw qo gwe~ hI hY, pRmuK s<qo< AOr is#K rwjwAo<-mhwrwjwAo< kw XSogwn
BI ikXw hY[ pr ÍXwqÛX qÌX Xh hY ik rIiqkwl Xw Awidkwl ky ihNdI kivXo< ky smwn Dn-XS Xw
lOikk áqr pr kuC pwny ky lwlc sy nhI< ikXw gXw, biØk ivSu© ‰©w Bi#q AOr ivSu© sMmwn ky
Bwv sy hI ikXw gXw hY[
en pRmuK pRv÷iäwXo< AOr ivSy†qwAo< ky Aiqir#q hm inm~l sMpRdwX kI Ek ANX iviSÃ pRv÷iäw
Xh ryKw<ikq kr skqy h<Y ik eNho<ny is#K mq, is#K gu{Ao< Awid kw eiqhws ilKny kw sPl pRXws
qo ikXw hI, sNqo< AOr is#K rwÈX ky sMb© logo< kw sMpUx~ eiqhws BI kwÛXmX Bw†w my< hI shI,
sMpUx~ sPlqw ky swQ ilipb© ikXw[ Bwrq my< jo eiqhws lyKn kI Aor ÍXwn n dyny kI pRv÷iäw rhI
hY[ Xy log askw pUx~qXw Apvwd khy jw skqy hY[ XhI kwrx hY ik Bwrq my< jhw< pRwcIn rwjwAo<,
kivXo<, swihËXkwro< kw jNm-mrx Azwq Ev< ivvwdwápd hY[ vhw< is#K sMpRdwX AOr assy sMb©
mqo<, mqwvliMbXo< rwÈXo< Awid kw sMpUx~ eiqhws kõmb© }p sy jwnw pFæw jw skqw hY, hmwry ivcwr
sy inm~l sMpRdwX ky aplÑD ilipb© swihËX kI sbsy bVI ivSy†qw XhI ávIkwr kI jwnI cwihE[
sMpRdwX-ivSy† sy sMb© hoqy huE BI enky swihËX my< iksI pRkwr kI s<kIx~qw Xw K&fn
m&fn ky dS~n nhI< hoqy[ sBI sNq AOr kiv sv~BOm Drwql pr rhkr AÍXwËm ccw~ AOr ávmq kw
pRcwr- pRswr krny my< hI s<l^n rhy hY<[
162
inm~ly s<qo< kw AiBÛXiÂ p@ sIDw, spwt rhqy huE BI inÜcX hI kwÛXmq hY AOr dwS~ink
boiJlqw vhw< nhI< hY[ Bwvo<, ivcwro< ky ilE bIc-bIc my< hm kivXo< ky g´ (vwiq~k) kw shwrw lyqy huE
BI dyK skqy hY<[ sBI ny prMprwgq CNdo< ko ApnwXw hY[ AnwXws }p sy Aw gE Al<kwro< kw ivDwn
BI vhw< dyKw jw skqw hY[ kivXo< ny mu$Xq: Xug kI swihiËXk Bw†w bRj ko hI ApnwXw hY pr as pr
p<jwbI Bw†w kI Cwp sv~Z dyKI jw skqI hY[ s<á™q ky qËsm SÑd qo pwE hI jwqy hY<, ArbI-PwrsI ky
pRcilq SÑdo< sy BI guryjæ nhI< ikXw gXw[ khI< khI< ivSu© p<jwbI Bw†w kw pRXog BI dyKw jw skqw
hY[
inm~l s<qo< ky ªwrw pRáquq kI ge~ vydw<q dS~n qQw vYrw^X sMbNDI gRNQo< kI tIkwE< BI kwPI
mhävpUx~ hY<[ vhw< enky Bw†w pRXogo< kI shjqw ivSy† dS~nIX Ev< aØlyKnIX hY[ #Xo<ik Xh log jnjn qk ApnI bwq phu<cwnw cwhqy Qy[ Aq: enky kwÛXo< ky Bw†w-SYlI iSØp Awid kw mUØXw<kn krqy
smX es qÌX ko AvÜX ÍXwn my< rKw jwnw cwihE[
inm~l sNqo< kI icNqn Ev< apwsnw p©iq
inm~lo< ky s<á™q-gRNQo< ky pwrwXx sy ankI icNqn Ev< apwsnw p©iq my< shj hI iviSiÃqw
Aw ge~ hY, jo aNhy< Kwlsw/is#Kmq sy p÷Qk kr dyqI hY:1. inm~l s<q ds gu{Ao< AOr ‰I gu{ gRNQ swihb ko Apnw eÃ mwnqy hY<[ lyikn esky swQ swQ
pRËXyk inm~l s<q as mhwpu{† ko BI Apnw dyhDwrI gu{ mwnqy hY< ijs sy vh inm~l p<Q my< dIi@q
hoqw hY[ Eysw gu{ AwmqOr pr as fyry kw mh<q hoqw hY[
2. inm~ly s<qo< my< gu{-iSàX kI prMprw BI clqI hY AOr vy Ek dUsry ko gu{ Bwe~ khqy hY<[ gu{ ky
dyhwvswn ky pÜcwq` askI gÏ bVy iSàX AQvw AXo^X hony pr iksI ANX iSàX ko dI jwqI hY[
3. fyry ky mh<q ko sBI mËQw tykqy hY<[ fyry kI sMpiÁ kw AiDkwrI as fyry kw mh<q hoqw hY[
4. inm~l-sNq vydo< AOr ANX Dm~ SwáZo< kw Awdr krqy hY<[ vydo< kw mUl qäv vydwNq (A©Yqvwd) mwnqy
hY<[ vy gu{ vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw krqy smX en SwáZo< ko pRmwx áv{p ad`D÷q krqy hY<[
5. gu{vwxI iksI BI SwáZ kw in†yD nhI< krqI Aipqu vwáqivkqw bqwqI hY[
6. gu{vwxI ky swQ-swQ vy purwx Awid SwáZo< kw BI pwrwXx krqy hY<[
7. inm~l s<q rwm, k÷àx Awid Avqwro< kw kõmS: Zyqw Ev< ªwpr Xug kw Avqwr mwnqy hY< AOr kilXug
my< gu{nwnk dyv jI ky Avqwr mwnqy hY<[
8. pRwq: AOr swX< DUp dIp Awid sy gu{ jI kI pUjw AOr AwrqI krqy hY<[ gu{ªwry Ev< pUÈX mhwËmwAo< kI
smwiD pr DUp-dIp krnw v PUl cFæwnw aicq smJqy hY<[
9. nwm-jp AOr inàkwm syvw ko mui#q kw pRmuK swDn mwnqy hY< pr esky swQ ‘zwn ky ibnw mui#q
nhI< hoqI’ EysI BI ankI AwáQw hY[
10. vy Bgvy váZ Xw sPyd váZ Dwrx krqy hY<[
11. inm~l s<q ANX Kwlsw mqwvliMbXo< kI qrh Am÷qpwn BI krqy hY< AOr vy snwqn Dm~ kI vydpurwx sMmq rIiq-nIiq kw ËXwg BI nhI< krqy[
es pRkwr Xh khw jw skqw hY ik inm~l sMpRdwX }pI sirqw ‰I gu{ nwnk dyv jI ªwrw
pRvwihq, ‰I gu{ goibNd is<h jI ªwrw pØlivq Ev< poi†q hokr jn syvw ky Anyk qto< ko ápS~ krqI
hue~ Awj BI inr<qr pRvwhmwn` hY[ esI inm~l sMpRdwX kI pRmuK SwKw ‰I Twkur sMpRdwX ijsy hm
Awjkl ‘inm~l Aw‰m’ ‡i†koS ky nwm sy AiDk jwnqy hY< kw id^dS~n kry<gy[
inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS
ijs idn sy dSm` gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny sn` 1686 e~. my< pWc iSàXo< ko s<á™q iv´w pRwÎq
krny ky ilXy bnwrs Byjw Qw, asI idn sy lykr Awj qk inm~l s<q aNhI< AwdSo~< Ev> jIvn-mUØXo< ko
163
lykr jI rhy hY<[ Xid kuC bdlw hY qo kyvl bwhrI }p[ swDwrx Bvn-BÛX Bvno< my< bdl gXy hY<,
lyikn anky BIqr rhny vwly vhI- nwm jp my< AviáQq rhny vwly swiËvk pu{†[ smqw, adwrqw, s<qo†,
ApirgRh, swDuqw, bRHÓcX~, nwm-jp syvw Awid guxo< ko dyKkr hI dSm` gu{ ny en s<qo< ko inm~l s<zw
pRdwn kI QI[
inm~l s<qo< kw Xh sOBw^X hI Qw ik aNhy< Xy gux gu{-Gr sy hI pRwÎq huXy Qy[ mhwrwj ‰I
gu{nwnk dyv qo ibnw iksI BydBwv sy pRËXyk pRwxI ky smwn }p sy ihq ic<qk Qy[ vy qo sb iksI ky
ilXy suK-sm÷i© kI AiBlw†w rKqy Qy[ anky sMb<D my< Ek kiv ny TIk hI khw hY:Kyq cry
cry jwqy Qy anky,
gwqy Qy vy h†~ smyq[
Br Br pyt cugo rI iciVXo<,
Hir kI iciVXw< hir ky Kyq[
Xh Ek pRw™q inXm hI hY iksI v<S ky Awid pu{† ky Anyk gux AOr ANX ivSy†qwXy< asky
v<Sj pRwixXo< my< BI NXUnwiDk mwZw my< rhqI hI hY<[ esI pRkwr Dmw~cwX~ mhwpu{†o< ky iviSÃ gux Ev<
pivZ BwvnwE< anky mqwvlMbI sMpRdwXo< my< BI rhqI hI hY<[ Aq: Xh gux inm~l sMpRdwX ko shj }p
sy hI pRwÎq ho gXw[
XhI kwrx hY Xh inm~l s<á™iq Awj BI jwgRq AOr jIvNq hY, eskI dIp-iSKw AK&f }p
sy pRÈvilq rhkr mwnvqw kw pQ-pRdS~n krqI Aw rhI hY[ inm~l-s<á™iq kI es AK&f ÈXoiq my< jb
BI G÷q kI AwvÜXkqw pVI h,Y vh iksI n iksI }p my< Avqirq hue~ hY[ en SiÂ áv}p s<á™iq ky
spUqo< ny es inm~l-ÈXoiq ko m<d nhI< hony idXw[
eskI dIp iSKw ko AK&f }p sy pRÈvilq rKny my< Ek nwm inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS kw BI
hY, ijskI áQwpnw Awj sy lgBg 109 v†~ pUv~ bRHÓzwnI mh<q buf`Fæw is<h jI mhwrwjw ny kI QI[
Awpkw jNm gWv hØlovwl ijlw gurdwspur (p<jwb) my< lgBg sn` 1861 e~. my< mwnw jwqw hY[
Awpky pUÈX ipqw s. pRqwp is<h jI Ev< mwqw ‰ImqI SwiNq dyvI jI bVy hI Dwim~k ivcwro< vwly Qy[ mhNq
buf`Fæw is<h jI mDurBw†I, kuSl pRbNDk, SwáZ zwqw AOr aÇc koit ky v#qw BI Qy[ sv~gux sMpNn
hony ky kwrx s<q smwj ny Awp jI ko inm~l p<cwXqI AKwVw knKl (hirªwr) kw sicv inXu#q
ikXw Qw[ es syvw kw Awp ny eqnI kuSlqw sy invw~h ikXw ik assy pRBwivq hokr AKwVy kI Aor sy
Awpko rmq (dl) kw AÍX@ bnwXw gXw[
mh<q buf`Fæw is<h dyS ky pRmuK qIQ~ áQwno< kw BRmx krqy huE hirªwr BI AwXy[ esI dOrwn
Awpky mn my< Ek ivcwr AwXw ik ‡i†kyS my< BI gu{-Gr kw áQwn honw cwihXy jhw< qpáXw Ev< swDnw
my< inrq mhwËmwAo< ky ilXy invws Ev< Bojn kw pRbND ho[ esI ivcwr ko swkwr }p dyny ky ilEy Awpny
sn` 1900 e~. my< g<gw ky iknwry Ek áQwn ko KrIdkr inm~l Aw‰m kI nI<v rKI[ sv~pRQm gu{ gR<Q
swihb jI ky ilXy Ek-do kmro< kw inmw~x ikXw gXw AOr swDuAo< ky ilXy kuC kuitXo< kw inmw~x huAw
v swQ my< l<gr kI ÛXváQw BI kr dI ge~[
Ab ‰©wluAo< kw Awvwgmn AwrMB huAw[ sudUr is<D pRw<q (Ab pwikáqwn my<) qk sy ‰©wlu
bVI s<$Xw my< Awny lgy[ DIry-DIry Aw‰m kw iváqwr huAw[ esI dOrwn knKl (hirªwr) my< BI Ek áQwn
KrId kr inmw~x kw kwX~ AwrMB ikXw gXw ijsy Awp sb ‘inm~l bwg’ ky nwm sy jwnqy hY<[ esI pRkwr
Awp jI ny kwSI my< BI Ek áQwn KrIdw qwik gu{-Gr ky iv´wQI~ vhw< rhkr iv´w gRhx kr sky<[
inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS ky eiqhws my< mh<q buf`Fæw is<h jI kw Xogdwn svw~iDk ávIkwrw jwqw
hY[ enky smwn prm ‰©wlu ÛXiÂËv ANXZ sulB nhI<, ijNho<ny Apnw 1937 qk kw smUcw jIvn hI
gu{vwxI Ev< gu{mq ky ilXy smip~q kr idXw ho[ is<D pRw<q qo Awpkw dIvwnw Qw[ sháZo< pRwxI Awp sy
nwm Am÷q pIkr AwËm kØXwx ky ávx~pQ pr clkr mwnv jIvn sPl kr gXy[ hjæwro< ny imÌXw
Bw†x, ÛXwpwr my< TgI, Srwb Awid durguxo< ko CoVkr sËXDm~ kw vRq ilXw[
164
ávwmI ivvykwn<d ny Ek bwr khw Qw ik Ek Aw‰m Xw mT ky ilXy qIn cIjyæ AwvÜXk hY<[
Xid enkw ÍXwn rKw jwXy qo vh Aw‰m Xw mT Ek ivrwt` s<áQw ky pirxq ho jwXygw[ vy hY<1. iv´w ky ABwv sy Dwim~k sMpRdwX kI AváQw SocnIX ho jwqI hY, AqEv iv´w kI ccw~
sdw clwe~ jwnI cwihXy[
2. ËXwg AOr qpáXw ky ABwv my< ivlwisqw sMpRdwX ko ingl jwqI hY, esilXy ËXwg AOr
qpáXw ky Bwv ko sdw aÈjvl rKnw cwihXy[
3. pRcwr kwX~ ky kwrx sMpRdwX kI jIvn-SiÂ blvqI bnI rhqI hY, esilXy kBI pRcwr
kwX~ sy ivrq nhI< honw cwihXy[
ávwmI ivvykwn<d ªwrw kiQq phly do gux qo inm~l sMpRdwX ko ivrwsq my< hI imly hY< AOr
Xh khnw Anuicq n hogw ik mh<q buf`Fæw is<h jI ny iv´w-pRym, ËXwg AOr qpáXw kI jo ÈXoiq jlwe~
as prMprw ko Twkur sMpRdwX kI SwKw ny AOr Awgy bFæwXw[ ijsmy< mh<q AwËmw is<h, mh<q nwrwXx
is<h, bRHÓzwnI s<q in#kw is<h jI ivrÂ, s<q Bgq is<h jI mhwrwj, s<q gopwl is<h jI mhwrwj, s<q
dS~n is<h jI mhwrwj Awid[ inm~l Aw‰m ky XS ko bFæwny my< Awp kw bhuq bVw Xogdwn hY[1
inm~l Aw‰m ky vq~mwn gÏ nSIn pUÈX ‰Imwn` 108 mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI mhwrwj eNhI<
mhwpu{†o< kI dyn hY<[ prm pUÈX bRHÓzwnI s<q bwbw in#kw is<h jI mhwrwjw kI ™pw ky pwZ qQw pUÈX
mh<q nwrwXx is<h jI mhwrwj ky nwdI v<Sj aäwrwiDkwrI hY[ bRHÓzwnI s<q in#kw is<h jI ivrÂ AOr
bwbw rwm is<h jI Ek hI jIvn ky do A<g hY<[ vy Ek hI sËX ky do p@ hY<[ ivrÂ mhwrwj jI Xid
kivqw hY< qo bwbw rwm is<h jI ankI ÛXw$Xw hY[ váquq: anky ilXy Xid koe~ ivSy†x hY qo vh hY
jIvNmuÂ[
“jIvNmuÂ vh hY jo jIivq hI muiÂ pRwÎq kr lyqw hY[ vh suK-du:K ky kwrx Ah<kwr sy Cut
jwqw hY[ asmy< Byd-d÷iÃ imt jwqI hY AOr svw~ËmBwv Aw jwqw hY[ vh AwsiÂhIn hokr inhy~quk km~
krqw hY[ kyvl inhy~quk kmo~< kw hI muiÂ sy swm<jáX ho skqw hY[ swsiÂ kmo~< my< ‘iªËv’ kI iáQiq
rhqI hY, esilE AªX-Bwv, jo muiÂ kI AinvwX~ dSw hY, kI pRwiÎq AwsiÂ ky rhqy huE AsMBv hY[
jIvNmuÂ km~-piriD sy bwhr rhqw hY”[ jIvNmuÂ ky qo smáq kwX~ pR™iq ávX< krqI hY[ vh qo pu{†
kI Bw<iq sb kuC krqy huXy assy As<g hI rhqw hY[
mhwpu{† (s<q bwbw in#kw is<h jI ivrÂ) sb kuC jwnqy Qy[ aNho<ny mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI
mhwrwj ko s<q sjwny ky kuC smX pÜcwq` hI ivrÂ mhwrwj jI ny s<q joD is<h jI mhwrwj ko Anyk
AwSI~vwd dykr mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI ky swQ syvw krny ky ilXy inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS jwny kI Awzw
dI[
pUÈX mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI mhwrwj pRwX: gu{mq pRcwr-pRswr Ev< mwnv kØXwxwQ~ dyS-pRdyS
kI s<gqo< my< ivcrqy rhqy hY<[ anky mwg~dS~n my<, smX ky swQ-swQ bFæqI ijMmydwirXo< ko Awp jI gu{
™pw ªwrw bVI sUJ-bUJ qQw dUr-d÷iÃ ky swQ inBwqy hY<[ inm~l Aw‰m kI swrI syvw-s<áQwAo< (inm~l
Aw‰m Aápqwl, En. fI. Es. ákUl, En. jI. E. in:SuØk ákUl, Aw<Ko< kw Aápqwl, mobwe~l Aápqwl,
hir ™pw islwe~ kyNdr Awid esky swQ-swQ krnwl iáQq syvw kwXo~< kI dyKBwl kw aÁrdwiXËv BI
an pr hY) kw hr smX hr p@ sy mwg~dS~n, dyK-ryK qQw pRb<D krqy hY<, AQw~q Aw‰m kI hr giqiviD
Awp jI ky ed~-igd~ GUm rhI hY[ esky Aiqir#q ne~ emwrqo< kw inmw~x, purwnI emwrqo< kw nvInIkrx,
Aw‰m ky vwi†~k qQw ANX sBI smwgmo< kw AwXojn, ivrwsq kI s<Bwl qQw inm~l sMpRdwX ky
eiqhws kI jwnkwrI ek§w krnw Awid syvwAo< ko bVI lgn qQw kuSlqw sy inBw rhy hY<[ XhI kwrx hY
ik Awj inm~l Aw‰m kyvl Ek Dwim~k áQwn hI nhI< biØk aÁrw<cl pRw<q kw Ek ivSwl swmwijk
syvw s<áQwn bn cukw hY[
1
AiDk jwnkwrI ky ilXy dyKy< s<q inriB<dr is<h, ‘srp<c’ jI mhwrwjw ªwrw iliKq puáqk ‘Ascrj váqu’.
165
jYsy A<gRyjI swihËX my< dono< imZo< (vf~`svQ~ qQw kolirj) ky shXog sy sn` 1708 my< ilirkl
vYlyf`s’ nwmk kwÛX s<gRh ky pRkwiSq hony sy huAw Qw, kwÛX jt @yZ my< jo Ek nXw kwÛX Aw<doln
aT KVw huAw Qw kuC Eysw hI inm~l Aw‰m ko ‚>cweXo< qk ly jwny my< en do mhwpu{†o< kw hwQ hY[
dono< mwno< sw<$X dS~n ky pu{† Ev< pR™iq ho<[ (sw<$X dS~n my< pu{† AOr pR™iq do SiÂXw< ávIkwr kI
ge~ hY<[ pu{† adwsIn hY, pR™iq sikRX jo Apny qIno< guxo< sy iniàkõX adwsIn pu{† ko lIlwmX bnwqI
hY)[
inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS kw Xogdwn
1. AÍXwËm ky @yZ my<- Bwrq kI ApnI Ek sÒXqw hYY[ asky pICy hjæwro< v†o~< kw eiqhws hY[ vyd,
apin†d`, gIqw, gu{vwxI Awid ky ªwrw Xhw< Ek sdìvcwr kI A@u&x prMprw clqI rhI hY[ asny hmwry
vwqwvrx my< Ekqw kI Bwvnw aËpNn kI hY[ hm aNhI< ivcwro< kw sMbl pwkr Awj BI gwqy hY<n ko vYrI nhI ibgwnw
sgl s<ig hm ka bn Awe~
(‰I gu{ gR<Q swihb, p÷. 1299)
AQw~q` Ab hmwrw koe~ bYrI Xw bygwnw nhI< rh gXw hY[ Ab hmwrI sbsy bnny lgI hY[
in:s<dyh inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS ny es prMprw my< Apnw iviSÃ Xogdwn idXw[ inm~l sMpRdwX
gu{mq ky AnuXwXI ivªwno< kw Ek vg~ hY[ AÍXXn-AÍXwpn qo enkw ivSy† km~ rhw hY[
jIvn ky apro#q prm aÿÜX Ev< Awd~S ko sNmuK rKkr Aw‰m ky smáq ikõXw klwp clqy
hY<[ bRwhÓ muhUq~ sy lykr dyr rwq qk pro@-Apro@ qäv zwn clqw rhqw hY[ gu{vwxI kw pwT inr<qr
pRvwhmwn rhqw hY[ pRwq: SÑd-kIq~n Ev< AwrqI ky pÜcwq` sNqo< v dIn du:iKXo< pr puàp v†w~ krny ky
aprwNq anky ilXy ANn @yZ kI ÛXváQw hY, ijsmy< lgBg 700 pRwxI Bojn gRhx krqy hY<[ qËpÜcwq`
s<gq nwÜqw (l<gr) gRhx krqI hy[ esI pRkwr dophr ko BI l<gr kI ÛXváQw rhqI hY[ swX< gu{vwxI,
XogvwiSÄ, Bgvd`gIqw, apin†d` Awid kw pTn-pwTn hoqw hY[ mhwrwj mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI kI
apiáQiq esko AOr BI {ickr bnw dyqI hY[ mhwrwj jI kI AlOikk vwxI sy jo Dwrw pRvwihq hoqI hY
vh m{áQl my< suKd Jrno< kI Puhwr brswqI hY[ esI pRkwr rwiZ ky l<gr ky pÜcwq` pun: Ek bwr sËs<g
kw smwXojn hoqw hY ijsmy< SÑd kIq~n, kQw Awid kw pRvwh Anvrq clqw hY[
inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS kI Aor sy smX-smX pr Dwim~k aËsvo< kw BÛX AwXojn ikXw jwqw
hY[ Xh smwroh iBNn-iBNn áQwno< pr inDw~irq smXwnuswr AwXoijq ikE jwqy hY<[
mu$Xq: inm~l bwg knKl Ev< inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS my< isqMbr-A#qUbr mws my< pUv~
mhwpu{†o< kI pivZ Xwd my< brsI smwgm AwXoijq ikE jwqy hY< ijnmy< 51 ‰I AK&f pwT swihb ky
swQ-swQ inrNqr SÑd-kIq~n, sNq smwgm Ev< l<gr kw pRvwh clqw hY[ syvw-ismrn ky es mhwn` Xz
my< dyS-ivdyS sy hjwro< ‰©wlugx bVI ‰©w pRym sy Awkr pUÈX mhwpu{†o< kw AwSI~vwd pRwÎq krqy hY<[
nvv†~ ky SuBwrMB pr BI ‡i†kyS my< Aápqwl v ákUl kw áQwpnw idvs AwXoijq ikXw jwqw hY,
ijsmy< hr swl kI pUv~ sNÍXw pr AD~rwiZ ko ‰I AK&f pwT swihb ky Bog aprwNq pUx~q: Dwim~k
vwqwvrx my< SÑd-kIq~n, pRvcn Ev< AwrqI ky pÜcwq` nvv†~ ky m<glmXI hony hyqu gu{crxo< my< Ardws
kI jwqI hY[ aprwNq ‰I mhwrwj jI apiáQq ‰©wluAo< ko BivàX my< BI syvw, ismrn, sËs<g v SuB
kmo~< sy juVy rhny kw SuBwSIvw~d dykr ™qwQ~ krqy hY<[
ijzwsuAo< kI AÍXwËm-ippwsw ko SwNq krny ky ilXy inm~l Aw‰m ªwrw s<qo<, mhwpu{†o< ky
Am÷qmXI vcno< ko pRkwiSq krny kw pRXËn inr<qr jwrI hY[ bRhÓlIn mh<q buf`Fæw is<h jI mhwrwj ky kuC
pRvcno< ko is<DI syvko< ªwrw phly-phl is<DI Bw†w my< CpvwXw gXw, ijskw phlw SI†~k ‘gurmuKmnmuK ky l@x qQw inm~l apdyS’ Qw[ Ab Xh puáqk ‘inm~l apdyS’ ky nwm sy p<jwbI, ihNdI qQw
A<gRyjI Bw†w my< aplÑD hY[ ‰Imwn` s<q bwbw in#kw is<h jI mhwrwj ky pRvcno< ko kuC ‰©wluAo< ny
166
irkwf~ ikXw huAw Qw[ en jIvn-apXogI, Anmol pRvcno< kw s<kln ‘shj kQw’ puáqk ky }p my<
p<jwbI qQw ihNdI Bw†w my< aplÑD hY[ esky aprw<q mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI mhwrwj kI pRyrxw sy
‘Ascrj váqu’ nwmk puáqk kw pRkwSn huAw ijsmy< inm~l sMpRdwX, s<pRdwX Twkurw< ky s<@yp eiqhws
ky Aiqir#q Aw‰m sy s<b<iDq mhwpu{†o< ky propkwrI jIvn iváqwrpUv~k ilKy gXy hY[ Xh puáqk n
kyvl Aw‰m kI biØk smUcy inm~l sMpRdwX kI Anmol pU<jI hY[
pUÈX ‘ivr#q’ s<q bwbw in#kw is<h mhwrwj jI ky pRvcno< sy aÇc jIvn ky AwDwrBUq ivcwro<
ko cun kr Ek puáqk ‘prljæ AwP tRUQ’ A<gRyjæI my< pRkwiSq kI ge~ hY[ sUâm, dwS~ink ivcwro< ko srl
Bw†w my< pRáquq krnw, es puáqk kI ivSy†qw hY[ inm~l s<q vwxI kI en puáqko< ko ijzwsu-jn inm~l
Aw‰m, ‡i†kyS sy pRswd }p sy pRwÎq krqy hY<[
en puáqko< ky Aiqir#q, ‰©wluAo< ky AwgRh pr, mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI mhwrwj ªwrw piTq,
s<q bwbw in#kw is<h ‘ivr#q’ jI mhwrwj ky pRvcno< kI kYsyts v sI.fI. aplÑD h<Y[ bIbI jsjIq
kOr ‘}bI’ Ev< bIbI hrimNdr kOr ‘bÑbI’ ªwrw gwXn gu{vwxI SÑdo< kI kYsyt`s v sI.fI. BI aplÑD
rhqI hY[
2. iS@w ky @yZ my< XogdwnXogdwn- inm~l sMpRdwX ky sMbND my< asky AwrMB ko lykr is#K eiqhwskwro< my<
Bly hI mqByd rhw ho lyikn Ek bwq pr sBI ivªwn shmq hY<> ik Xh sMpRdwX gu{mq ky AnuXwXI
ivªwno< kw hI vg~ hY[ gu{vwxI kw pRcwr-pRswr krnw vy Apnw käw~ÛX smJqy hY<[ inm~l s<qo< ko gu{mq
ky Dm~vyäww khw jw skqw hY[ Xy vhI log hY< ijnko gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny s<á™q-iv´w kw AÍXXn
krny ky ilXy bnwrs Byjw Qw[ Aq: AwrMB sy hI inm~l s<qo< kw iv´w sy ghrw sMbND rhw hY[ cwro< vyd,
108 apin†d`, †t`SwáZ, ATwrh purwx Awid kw pTn-pwTn krnw AOr qIQ~ áQwno< pr phu>c kr dySvwisXo< my< gu{mq kw pRcwr krnw inm~l swDuAo< ky jIvn kw mu$X aÿÜX rhw hY[ XhI kwrx hY ik
is<D, krwcI Awid ky bhuq sy shjDwrI is#K, gu{Gr sy juVy hY<[
inm~l s<q iv´wlXo< ky mwÍXm sy swihËX s÷jn ky mwÍXm sy es syvw kwX~ my< juty rhy hY<[
‡i†kyS my< hI nYiqk, bOi©k Ev< swmwijk kõwiNq ky ilXy do iv´wlXo< kI áQwpnw kI ge~[ Ek inm~l
Aw‰m dIpmwlw pgrwnI piÑlk ákUl Ev< dUsrw inm~l Aw‰m zwndwn AkwdmI[ phlw ákUl Xid km
PIs pr aÇc koit kI iS@w pRdwn kr rhw hY qo dUsrw ákUl inD~n bÇco< ko in:SuØk iS@w pRdwn kr
rhw hY[
dono< ákUlo< ky sucw{ pRbNDn ky ilXyy s<q bwbw joD is<h jI mhwrwj kw mwg~dS~n sdYv pRwÎq
rhqw hY[ es smX esmy< 1977 iv´wQI~ lwB aTw rhy hY<[
3. icikËsw ky @yZ my< XogdwnXogdwn- mhwkiv kwildws ny ‘kumwr sMBv’ mhwkwÛX ky pwv~qI qpácXw~
pRkrx my< khw hY ‘SrIr mw´< Klu Dm~ swDnm`’ AQw~q` SrIr hI Dm~ kw pRQm AOr aË™Ã swDn hY[ SwáZ
kw AwdyS hY ik ijs pRkwr ngr kw ávwmI ngr kI r@w ky kwXo~< my< qËpr rhqw hY, vYsy hI bui©mwn`
mnuàX ko cwihXy ik vh SrIr kI r@w ky kwXo~< my< qËpr rhy[ áváQ SrIr hI ismrn, ic<qn-mnn,
inidÍXwsn Awid krny my< smQ~ hoqw hY[
inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS es @yZ my< kYsy pICy rh skqw Qw ? esI aÿÜX ko mu$X rKkr
‘inm~l Aw‰m Aápqwl’ AOr ‘inm~l imSn Pwr ivjn’ kI áQwpnw kI ge~[ jhw< inm~l Aw‰m Aápqwl
my< hr pRkwr ky rogo< kI jw<c kI jwqI hY vhw< AWKo< ky Aápqwl my< AWKo< ky hr pRkwr ky rogo< kI jw<c
Ev< ê÷iÃ dyny kI syvw in:SuØk kI jwqI hY[
4. jYsw ic<qnn- vYsw AwcrxAwcrx- SwáZ gRNQ pFækr jo s<ákwr mn pr nhI< hoqw vh AiDkwrI pu{† kw
Awcrx dyKny sy AnwXws ho jwqw hy[ Dm~ vh hY jo s<qo< ky jIvn my< idKlwe~ pVqw hY[
inm~l sMpRdwX ky nwm ky An{p hI es sMpRdwX my< dIi@q mhwËmwAo< kw Awcrx BI hY[
ApnI inm~l rhnI AOr krnI ky kwrx Xy mhwpu{† ‘inm~ly s<q’ khlwXy[ mwnv jIvn ky lok-prlok
kw suDwr AOr kØXwx hI enkI zwn swDnw kw mu$X l@x hY[ inm~l-s<q, syvw, ismrn, swdgI AOr
167
sËX ky pujwrI hY<[ en p<iÂXo< kw lyKk sn` 1950 sy inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS sy juVw huAw hY AOr vh
es bwq kw pRËX@dSI~ hY ik en s<qo< kI kQnI AOr krnI my< koe~ ANqr nhI<[ Xhw< sv~swDwrx ky ilXy
ANn B&fwrw sdYv Kulw rhqw hY[ enkI e~Üvr BiÂ AOr inmw~x syvw sy jnqw bhuq pRBwivq hY AOr
enky ‰©wluAo< kI s<$Xw idn pRiqidn bFæqI jw rhI hY[
inm~l sMpRdwX ky mhwËmwAo< ky jIvn BI bhuq ‚>cy hY<[ Xy vydw<q AOr gu{vwxI ky iviSÃ
ivªwn BI hY<[ enky aÇc AOr s<Xq jIvn, SwáZ AOr gu{vwxI kw gMBIr zwn, koml ávBwv, inm~l
ivcwrDwrw AOr Am÷q vcno< sy moihq hue~ jnqw iK<cI clI AwqI hY[ es Aw‰m my< ‰©wluuAo< ko
AwÍXwiËmk ivcwr Ev< pRBu BiÂ kI pRyrxw imlqI hY[
inm~l Aw‰m kI SwKwXy< :
inm~l bwg knKl (hirªwr)
inm~l bwg pRw™iqk su<drqw sy BrpUr Ek rmxIk áQwn hY[ ‰I drbwr swihb Bvn my< mXw~dw
Anuswr subh-Swm inËX-inXm ky pÜcwq` AwrqI qQw Ardws hoqI hY[ ‰©wluAo< ky ilE rhny kI suivDw
qQw l<gr kw AÇCw pRbND hY] Aw‰m ky inËX pRiq kwmo< kI syvw s<Bwl, l<gr kw pRbND qQw drbwr
swihb kI syvw kw kwm vydw<qwcwX~ ‰I Brq is<h jI bVI kuSlqw ky swQ inBw rhy hY<[
inm~l kuitXw, krnwl (hirXwxw)
Xh mhwn` pivZ áQwn bRhÓzwnI, bRhÓlIn ‰Imwn` 108 s<q bwbw in#kw is<h ‘ivr#q’ jI kI
qpo-BUim hY[ dyS ky btvwry ky bwd pUÈX mhwrwj jI kI es ngr kI s<gq pr ivSy† ™pw rhI[ Xhw<
Thr kr Apny jp, qp, iv´w qQw zwn sy BrpUr jIvn ky ªwrw sËs<g kw inr<qr pRvwh clwXw[ es
mhwn` Dwim~k qp-áQwn kI mhwnqw, bwhrI dS~n-mwZ sy hI pRkt ho jwqI hY[ Xh pivZ áQwn ‰©wluAo<
kI inËXpRiq syvw qQw ismrn kw kyNdR hY[ s<gq pRwq: sy dyr rwiZ qk inàkwm syvw, ismrn qQw sËs<g
ªwrw Apnw jIvn sPl krqI hY[ pUÈX mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI kI pRyrxw qQw AwSI~vwd sy hr smudwX
ky log ivSy†q: ne~ pIFæI, gu{vwxI kw iS@x lyqy hY<[ hr rivvwr ko swX< ky smX ‘ivSy† gu{vwxI
kIq~n’ hoqw hY[ gu{ kw l<gr 24 G<ty AtUt bw<tw jwqw hY[ ‘ivr#q’ mhwrwj jI ky pivZ kr-kmlo< qQw
AwSI~vwd sy áQwipq ikXy ‘nwnk drbwr’ my< dyS-ivdyS sy s<gq, bVI ‰©w qQw pRym ky swQ Awkr ApnI
mnokwmnwAo< kI pUiq~ ky ilXy Ardws krqI hY[ mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI mhwrwj, smX-smX pr Xhw<
Awkr ‰©wluAo< ko AwSI~vwd qQw sd`mwg~ pr clny kI pRyrxw dyqy rhqy hY<[ inm~l kuitXw my< pUrw v†~ ‰I
gu{ gR<Q swihb jI ky AK<f pwTo< kw pRvwh clqw rhqw hY[ swry pwTI swihbwn inàkwm syvw krqy hY<[
bwhr sy Awny vwly ‰©wluAo< ky ilXy invws kw smuicq pRb<D hY[
inm~l bwg, krnwl
inm~l kuitXw sy do iklomItr kI dUrI pr ‘inm~l bwg’ kI jmIn pr gOSwlw hY jhw< ivdySI
nál kI gwXo< kI AwDuink F<g sy syvw s<Bwl kI jwqI hY[ esI jgh pr pSuAo< ky ilXy cwrw aËpwdn ky
Aiqir#q ke~ pRkwr ky Pldwr pyV-pODy hY< jo es áQwn kI Swn qQw rOnk bFæwqy hY<[
s<q in#kw is<h cYirty
irtybl hwiáptlhwiáptl-iSv kwlonI krnwl
ávwáÌX sMbNDI syvwAo< ko jn swDwrx qk phu>cwny ky ilXy iSv kwlonI krnwl my< Ek
Aápqwl inmw~xwDIn hY[ pUÈX mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI kI ™pw ky pwZ ‰Imwn` s<q inriB<dr is<h jI
‘srp<c’ en pivZ áQwno< kI syvw my< smip~q hokr idn rwq lgy huXy hY< qQw sb qrh ky ÛXvhwro< ko
sucw{ }p sy inBw rhy hY<[ swDu hony sy phly ™i† kw kwX~ s<Bwlny ky swQ-swQ, Awp jI lgBg 10
swl qk do gw<vo< ky sPl srp<c BI rhy[ esI hI dOrwn Awp jI ko pUÈX s<q bwbw in#kw is<h jI
168
mhwrwj kI s<gq BI pRwÎq hoqI rhI[ es s<g kI Awp jI ky jIvn pr ivSy† Cwp lgI[ kuC smX
pÜcwq` Awp aprwmqw my< rhqy huXy ‡i†kyS AwXy qQw Aw‰m my< rhqy huXy syvw krny lgy[
XhI< pr pUÈX mhwrwj jI ky Ek AOr AwzwkwrI syvk s<q bwbw k<vle<dR is<h jI hr pRkwr kI
syvw my< shXog dy rhy hY<[ Awp jI, sn` 1997 e~. sy Apny sw<swirk jIvn ky b<Dno< sy mu#q hokr
s<NXwsI jIvn ÛXqIq kr rhy hY<[
inm~l Dwm krnwl
Xh Aw‰m gq ^Xwrh v†o~< sy ApnI iviBNn giqiviDXo< ky swQ jnqw kI syvw my< smip~q hY[
es smX Xhw< inMniliKq syvw kwX~ cl rhy hY<:
1. s<q in#kw is<h piÑlk ákUl mwfl twan
2. s<q in#kw is<h piÑlk ákUl sdr bwjwr
3. s<q in#kw is<h piÑlk ákUl jærIPw Pwm~
4. Bgq lBwml v÷© Aw‰m inm~lDwm
5. s<q in#kw is<h Awe~. tI. sI. mwfl twan
6. bwl kØXwx inkyqn mwfl twan
mwfl twan iáQq krnwl my< eskI dyK-ryK s<q AmrIk dyv jI mhwrwj krqy hY<[ aNho<ny
lgBg Ek dSk qk qn, mn, Dn sy eskI AtUt syvw kI[ julwe~ 2008 my< pUÈX mhwrwj jI ny Apnw
sb kuC mh<q bwbw rwm is<h jI ky crxo< my< smip~q kr idXw hY[ Ab eskI dyKBwl kw aäwrdwiXËv
BI inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS ky pws hI hY[ es smX es Aw‰m my< 3115 iv´wQI~ 164 v÷© Ev< 27 AnwQ
bÇcy eskw lwB aTw rhy hY<[ apro#q sBI syvwXy< pUx~q: in:SuØk hY<[
inm~l s<q invws
invws-vrsovw mu<be~
Bwrq-pwk b<tvwry sy bhuq smX phly prm pUÈX mh<q bwbw buf`Fæw is<h jI ny is<D pRw<q my<
gu{vwxI qQw ANX SwáZo< kI kQw ªwrw gu{miq kw pRcwr-pRswr ikXw[ hYdrwbwd, krwcI, iSkwrpur qQw
s#Kr ky elwko< my< is<DI smwj ky hr vg~ ko gu{-Gr sy joVw qQw nwm kI dwq bKiSS kI[ as
smX ky is<DI log, mhwrwj jI ky AlOikk dS~no< sy pRBwivq hokr, BwrI ignqI my< syvk bny<[ sn`
1947 e~. my< dyS ky b<tvwry ky smX, lgBg swrw smwj Aiq-kÃ Jylqy huXy Bwrq my< Awkr bsw[ mu<be~
Shr my< bsy huXy is<DI pRyimXo< kI ‰©w, aËswh qQw bFæqy pRym ko dyKkr prm pUÈX mh<q bwbw rwm is<h
jI ny sn` 1994 e~. my< vrsovw (mu<be~) my< ‘inm~l s<q invws’ ky nwm sy gu{-Gr kw AwrMB ikXw[ es
drbwr my< inXimq }p sy gu{vwxI pFæny-pFæwny kI syvw ho rhI hY[ pRËXyk rivvwr ko gu{vwxI SÑd kIq~n
qQw l<gr kw ivSy† AwXojn ikXw jwqw hY[ pRiqv†~ inDw~irq iqiQ pr PrvrI my< ‘inm~l s<q invws’ kw
áQwpnw idvs mnwXw jwqw hy[ kwiq~k pUix~mw ko ‰I gu{ nwnk dyv jI mhwrwj kw Awgmn pv~ (pRkwS
aËsv) qQw idsMbr/jnvrI mhIny my< ‰I gu{ goibNd is<h jI mhwrwj kw Awgmn idvs bVI ‰©w sy
mnwXw jwqw hY[ ‰I gu{ gRNQ swihb jI mhwrwj ky AK<f pwTo< qQw shj pwTo< kw pRvwh inrNqr clqw
rhqw hY[ is<DI qQw p<jwbI swD-s<gq kI AQk syvw qQw AtUt ‰©w ky swQ es áQwn kI SoBw inrwlI
hY[ pUÈX mhwrwj jI ky AnNX syvk, Bwe~ Bgvwn is<h jI, invwsI-gw<v BoVy (njdIk nwBw) ijlw
pitXwlw, p<jwb, es pwvn drbwr kI syvw-s<Bwl, bVy pRym qQw ‰©w sy kr rhy hY<[
inàk†~ : inm~l sMpRdwX kw ad`Bv AOr ivkws gu{ nwnk dyv jI ky smX sy hI ho gXw Qw, ijsy bwd
my< mhwn` dSm` gu{ goibNd is<h ky Xug my< Ek iviDvq` }p dy idXw gXw[ qb sy ijs pivZ AOr mwnv
kØXwx ky mhwn` aÿÜX ko swmny rKkr dyS ky iviBNn Bwgo< my< inm~l AKwVo< Xw fyro< kI áQwpnw kI
169
ge~ QI ijsmy< Awgy clkr an kI v÷i© hoqI ge~[ Awj BI Xh prMprw smwÎq nhI< hue~[ inm~ly fyry AOr
inm~ly s<q Awj BI gu{mq AOr gu{vwxI ky pRcwr pRswr kI idSw my< sikõX hY<[
inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS BI eNhI< fyro< my< sy Ek hY[ lyikn jhw< Ek Aor inm~l sMpRdwX ky
iviBNn AKwVy Apny Apny AKwVo< qk ismt gXy hY< inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS kI sImwXy< idn-pRiqidn
iváq÷q hoqI jw rhI hY<[ Awj iS@w ky @yZ my< AQvw icikËsw ky @yZ my< asny nXy kIiq~mwn áQwipq ikXy
hY<[
esmy< qink BI s<dyh nhI< ik syvw Bwv AOr AwÍXwiËmk jwg÷iq kI aÇc prMprw Awj BI enmy<
dyKI jw skqI hY[ sYkVo< swlo< sy srávqI dyvI kI apwsnw my< lIn rhny vwly inm~lo< ky mn bdly nhI<
hY<[ Awj BI en s<qo< kI srlqw, swdgI, ËXwg, qpáXw, zwndwn my< koe~ kmI nhI< Awe~[
inm~l Aw‰m ‡i†kyS inm~l sMpRdwX kw kyNdRIX áQwn hY[ eskw pRbND bRhÓzwnI mh<q bwbw
rwm is<h jI ky indy~Sn my< hoqw hY[ muJy aNhy< smIp sy dyKny kw Avsr pRwÎq hoqw rhw hY[ Awp ivnmRqw,
dXwluqw AOr adwrqw kI mUiq~ hY<[ Ek hI p<iÂ my< khnw ho qo Awpkw jIvn gu{mq ic<qn ky An}p hY[
Awp ivrÂ ivcrx krqy huXy bVy swdw AOr srl jIvn ÛXqIq krqy hY<[ hr pRkwr ky ijzwsuAo< ky ilXy
Aw‰m ky drvwjy Kuly hY<[ ‚>c-nIc, Byd-Bwv kI Bwvnw sy ‚pr rhkr imlny vwly ‰©wluAo< ko bVy
pRym AOr aËswh sy imlqy hY<[ BRmo< Ev< A<DivÜvwso< sy gRisq Anyk ÛXiÂXo< ko Awp ny ‰I gu{ gRNQ
swihb ky ‰I crxo< sy joVw hY[ SwXd Eysy s<q mhwËmwAo< ko dyKkr hI fw. sr muhMmd ekbwl ny Xy
p<iÂXw< khI QI[
n pUC en iKrkw poSo< kI erwdq ho qo dyK enko
Xdy bYjæw ilXy bYTy hY< ApnI AwáqIno< my<
AQw~q` en swDwrx sy dIKny vwly ÛXiÂXo< kI kuC mq pUiCXy[ Xy bhuq phu>cy huXy log hY<[
Xid jwnny kI AiBlw†w hY qo eNhy< ‰©wpUv~k smIp sy dyiKXy- qb khI< mwlUm hogw ik eNho< my< kYsy
kYsy cmËkwr iCpy huXy hY<[
hmy< Awj BI inm~l sMpRdwX ky nyq÷Ëv kI AwvÜXkqw hY, as roSnI kI j}rq hY jo es
sMpRdwX kI jIvn-SYlI sy pYdw hue~ hY[ Awj duinXw Awjwd ho rhI hY[ ivzwn kI AswDwrx pRgiq ny
mnuàX kw pRBuËv bFæw idXw hY, aógo< ny asky bwhubl my< v÷i© kr dI hY[ mnuàX isqwro< pr km<dy< PY<k
rhw hY[ iPr BI vh quÇC hY, s<ktgRáq hY, du:KI hY[ vh r<go< my< b>tw huAw hY, jwiqXo< my< ivBwijq hY[
asky bIc Dmo~< kI dIvwry< KVI hue~ hY[ sw<pRdwiXk ªy† hY, vg~ s<G†~ kI qlvwry< iK<cI hue~ hY<[ Eysy smX
my< Ah<kwr sy muiÂ sdwcwr ky pwln AOr eNswnI irÜqy my< AwpsI ÎXwr kI nXI nYiqkqw kw pwT Xid
koe~ pFæw skqy hY< qo vy hY< inm~l sMpRdwX ky s<q[
shwXk puáqky
áqky<
1. AK&fwn<d, ávwmI, AÍXwËm rwmwXx
2. kOiSk, inm~l kumwr (fw.), ‰I gu{ goibNd is<h AOr inm~l s<q prMprw, s<ákrx 1999.
3. gOrolw, vwcápiq, BwrqIX dS~n, lok BwrqI pRkwSn elwhwbwd, s<ákrx 1972.
4. j^gI, rËn is<h (fw.), gu{ gRNQ swihb ivÜv koS, s<ákrx 2002.
5. zwn is<h, ávwmI, gu{ nwnk inm~l p©iq, pRQm s<ákrx 1957.
6. zwn is<h, zwnI, p<Q pRkwS, Bw†w ivBwg p<jwb, pitXwlw[
7. inriB<dr is<h, s<q, Ascrj váqu, Aw‰m ‡i†kyS, pRQm s<ákrx 2002.
8. iZpwTI, jugl ikSor (fw.), p<. gulwb is<h ™q AÍXwËm rwmwXx kw AnuSIln, Bw†w ivBwg p<jwb,
s<ákrx 1992.
9. iªvydI, rwm AvD, A<gRyjæI Bw†w AOr swihËX, sUcnw ivBwg, aäwr pRdyS, s<ákrx 1960.
170
10. in#kw is<h ivrÂ, s<q, shj kQw, Bwg 1,2,3, inm~l Aw‰m, ‡i†kyS, ihNdI s<ákrx 2001,
2003, 2004.
11. pRIqm is<h (pRo.), sMpw., inm~l sMpRdwX, gu{ nwnk dyv ivÜviv´wlX, Am÷qsr, s<ákrx 1981.
12. buf`Fæw is<h, mh<q, inm~l apdyS, inm~l Aw‰m, ‡i†kyS, s<ákrx 2004.
13. s<q A<k (kØXwx), gIqw pRys, gorKpur, s<ákrx 1937.
14. srnwm is<h (fw.), ihNdI swihËX pr s<á™q swihËX kw pRBwv, s<ákrx 1949.
15. shgl, mnmohn (fw.), ihNdI rwm kwÛX kw sw<á™iqk AÍXXn, pIXU† pRkwSn, idØlI, s<ákrx
2002.
171
inm~l sNqo< kw ihNdI swihËX
fw. inm~l kumwr kOiSk*
kOiSk*
ihNdI swihËXyiqhws kI sudIG~ prMprw my< Anyk swihËXkwro< ny mhËvpUx~ Xogdwn idXw hY AOr
smX-smX pr Anyk ne~ sUcnwAo< sy Avgq krwXw hY lyikn swihËXyiqhws lyKn eqnw srl AOr shj
nhI< hY[ AwcwX~ Su#l ny AËX<q vYzwink AOr pRwmwixk eiqhws rcw qo BI asmy< pRw<qIX ilipXo< my< ricq
ihNdI swihËX kI gxnw nhI< kI ge~[ ANX pRwNqo< kI qrh p<jwb my< BI ihNdI swihËX kI rcnw bhuq
bVI s<$Xw my< hue~[ lyikn pRwNqIX Bw†w Ev> ilip kI smáXw ky kwrx ihNdI ivªwn esy smJ pwny my<
AsmQ~ rhy ivSy†q: p<jwb kw mÍXkwlIn swihËX es smáXw sy AiDk gRáq huAw[ “XhW ky rcnwkwro<
ny sv~sMmq bRj Bw†w ko qo mwÍXm {p my< iSroDwX~ ikXw, ikNqu áQwnIX moh, DrqI kI gND AOr
AqIv pRBwvSwlI, p<jwb kI gu{ prMprw sy pRBwivq hokr áQwnIX ilip gu{muKI kw pRXog krny lgy”[1
gu{muKI ilip my< aplÑD ihNdI swihËX dono< AOr sy hI apyi@q rhw[ ihNdI ky ivªwn ilip gu{muKI hony
ky kwrx esy p<jwbI kw swihËX mwnqy rhy AOr gu{muKI ky ivªwn Bw†w bRj hony ky kwrx esy ihNdI kw
swihËX mwnqy rhy[ p<jwb my< Eysy swihËX kI Ek iváq÷q prMprw imlqI hY[ mÍXkwl my< qo Eysy
swihËXkwro< kw Ek vg~ áQwipq ho gXw Qw[ jo sw<swirkqw sy Alg rhkr kyvl swihËX rcnw krqy Qy[
“prvqI~ mugl kwl my< gurmq kI iS@w pr Aml krny vwly qlvwry< pkV kr mugl rwÈX kw v÷@ kwtny my<
lg gE[ aNhy< swihËX kI Aor ÍXwn dyny kw smX n Qw[ iPr BI kuC log Akyly bYTkr swihËX rcnw
krqy rhy[ gu{ goibNd is<h ky inm~ly sNq Eysy hI EkwNq my< rhny vwly log Qy[ prNqu inm~lo< pr bRj Bw†w
kw pRBwv AiDk Qw[”2
is#K Dm~ kI gu{ prMprw my< sMpUx~ vwxI gurmuKI ilip my< rcI ge~ hY ijsmy< AiDkw<Sq:
rcnwE< bRjBw†w kI hY[ “gu{ qygbhwdur kI idÛX AnuBUiqXo<, AwNqirk Bi#qpUrk Ev< ivml zwn s<vilq
‘vwxI’ ApnI AiBÛXiÂ- swdgI my ryKqw- jYsI sjIvqw qQw do cwr p<jwbI SÑd ivBUiq sy Xu#q hokr
BI AwDwr Bw†w kI d÷iÃ sy Su© rs my< qËkwlIn piriniàTq bRj hI hY[”3 ankI vwxI Ek pRvwhwËmkqw
AOr pROFæqw ko ilE huE hY[ esky Aiqir#q “icNqnDwrw Ev< Dwim~k ivÜvwso< kI ê÷iÃ sy pUv~vqI~ is#K
gu{Ao< ky Anu{p hoqy huE BI asmy< AnuBv kI pRwmwixkqw qQw AnuBUiq kI qIvRqw ky kwrx qwjgI AOr
mwim~kqw hY[ asmy< sMpRy†x, pRBwivq qQw pRyirq krny kI Ad`Buq @mqw hY[”4 esky Aiqir#q
ApRmwixk, kÇcI vwxI, inm~lw, qQw adwsI sMpRdwXo< kI vwxI, gu{B#qo< kI rcnwE<, pRymw$Xwnk, vIr
qQw ‰÷<gwirk rcnwE< aplÑD hoqI hY[ dSm gu{ goibNd is<h jI kI qQw anky drbwrI kivXo< kI sMpUx~
vwxI esI koit my< AwqI hY[ qËpÜcwq` Bwe~ sNqoK is<h, su#Kw is<h, koAr is<h Awid mnIi†Xo< ny BI
esI SYlI my< gurmq swihËX rcw[ esky Aiqir#q gu{vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw hyqu Anyk ivªwno< ny tIkw gRNQ
rcy[ AwdS~ gu{is#K Bwe~ gu{dws kI vwxI ko ‘g{vwxI kI kuj
< I’ khw gXw hY[5 esI pRkwr Anyk
ivªwno< ny gu{vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw ªwrw gurmq swihËX my< ‰Iv÷i© kI hY[ “‰I gu{ goibNd is<h jI kI
AÍX@qw, nyq÷Ëv qQw tIkwkwrI ky pRiS@x ªwrw inm~l AOr zwnI (sMpRdwX) tIkw tkswly< áQwipq hue_
* AÍX@, ihNdI ivBwg, srkwrI b÷jyNdõ kwlyj, PrIdkot-151203 (p<jwb).
Resi. : # 163 AwdS~ ngr, purwnw kYt
< rof, PrIdkot[
Pon. 01639-263017
1
mnmohn is<h shgl, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX, pitXwlw : lInw piÑlSj~, sn` AnuplÑD, p÷. 1, pRwk`kQn[
2
ÎXwrw is<h Bogl, p<jwbI swihq dw eiqhws, jwl<Dr : ihrdyjIq pRkwSn, 1971, p÷. 296.
3
pw&fyX SiS BU†x “SIqw<S”
u , gu{ qyg bhwdur kI kwÛX Bw†w kw pRkwX~mUlk AÍXXn, nvm gu{ pr bwrh inbND, sMpw. rmyS
ku<ql myG, Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, p÷. 112.
4
jXBgbwn goXl, ihNdI swihËX my< gu{ qygbhwdur kw áQwn, -vhI-, p÷. 28.
5
Bwe~ gurdws, kibÁ Bwe~ gu{dws (dUsrw ákND), sMpw. Bwe~ vIr is<h, Am÷qsr : Kwlsw smwcwr, 1980, p÷. 44.
172
jo Ab qk clI Aw rhI hY[”1 es pRkwr p<jwb my< bRj Bw†w my< pXw~Îq swihËX rcw gXw[ es swihËX
kI Ek ANX ivSy†qw Xh hY ik Xh BwrqIX prMprw ky AnukUl hY ijsmy< vydo<, purwxo<, apin†do< qQw
sUZ gRNQo< ky swr qËv iv´mwn hY[ gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny Apny pw<c iSàXo< ko BwrqIX s<á™q Ev< cyqnw
kw áv{p jwnny ky ilE bnwrs Byjw Qw[ “swihËX rcnw kw sMpUx~ kwX~ Awp pRwcIn BwrqIX prMprw ky
Anuswr rhkr krwnw cwhqy Qy[ inÜcX hI Awp swry vyd swihËX sy Apny swihËXkwro< ko piricq rKnw
aicq smJqy Qy[”2 anky Xy iSàX ivópwj~n kry jb vwips lOty qo eNhy< inm~ly khw gXw[ ‘inm~l’
PwrsI SÑd ‘Kwils’ kw s<á™q pXw~X hY[ es ê÷iÃ sy inm~l p<Q Kwlsw p<Q sy iBNn nhI< hY[ sBI
inm~l pNQI lyKk Apny Awp ko Kwlsw p<Q kw AiBNn A<g mwnqy rhy hY<[3 vwáqv my< dyKw jwE qo
‘Kwlsw’ AOr ‘inm~l’ SÑd kw AQ~ Ek hI hY[ dono< hI gu{ goibNd is<h jI ªwrw hI pRcilq mq hY<[ gu{
jI ny Dm~ ky do mwg~ inDw~irq ikE[ pRv÷iÁ mwg~ AOr inv÷iÁ mwg~[ pRv÷iÁ mwg~ pr clny vwly ‘inm~lw’
khlwE[ esilE dono< my< koe~ ANqr nhI< hY[ “ijs pRkwr is#K ivªwn gu{ goibNd is<h ªwrw pRviq~q
Kwlsw pNQ ko is#K mq sy AiBNn mwnqy hY<[ esI pRkwr inm~lw pNQI ivªwn BI[”4 inm~ly #Xo<ik
inv÷iÁ mwg~ ko Apnwkr cly Qy[ Aq: aNho<ny ivr#q Bwv sy gurmq is©w<qo< ko ApnwXw[ s<á™q qQw
ihNdI ky ivªwn hony ky kwrx s<á™q swihËX Ev< s<ákwro< kw pRBwv pVnw ávwBwivk hI Qw[ Aq: dono<
ky mÍXáQ bnkr eNho<ny gurvwxI kw pRcwr AOr ÛXw$Xw kI[ gu{ iSàX prMprw ky ANqg~q pXw~Îq swihËX
rcnw hue~[ as smX kI swihiËXk Bw†w bRj QI[ sBI mhËvpUx~ iv†Xo< pr bRjBw†w my< hI swihËX rcw
gXw[ “inm~ly swDuAo< kw @yZ cwhy iBNn Qw prNqu aNho<ny es ‰÷<Klw ko bnwE rKw[”5 aNho<ny is#K
Dm~ ky is©wNqo< ky pRcwr Ev< pRswr hyqu pXw~Îq swihËX rcw AOr áQwn áQwn pr GUm–GUm kr Apny lâX
kI pUiq~ kI[ Xh is#K Dm~ kw ivªwn AÍXwpk vg~ hY jo ANX gurmuKo< sy Apnw Alg áQwn rKqw hY[
“s<á™q gRNQo< ky AÍXXn ky kwrx hI inm~l sNqo< ky icNqn Ev< apwsnw p©iq my< kuC EysI iviSÃqw
Aw ge~ hY ik vy shj hI ANX is#K jnqw sy Alg phcwny jw skqy hY[”6 enkI vy†BU†w, pRcwr p©iq
p©iq qQw rhn shn ApnI iviSÃqw ilE huE hY[ gurmq is©w<qo< kI ÛXw$Xw BI Apny hI F<g sy krqy
hY<[ eNho<ny gu{vwxI ky pRcwr AOr pRswr my< mhËvpUx~ Xogdwn idXw[ eNho<ny kyvl gw<vo< my< gRwmIxo<, AnpFæo<
ko hI nhI< Aipqu ApnI iv©qw kw lwB aTwqy huE ihNdI pRdySo< my< bVy-bVy ngro< my< jw jwkr s<á™q
qQw ihNdI ky ivªwno< sy SwáZwQ~ krky gu{vwxI ky mhËv ko smJwXw[ esky ilE aNho<ny pXw~Îq swihËX
kI rcnw BI kI[ inm~l sNqo< ªwrw aplÑD ricq swihËX kw vgI~krx es pRkwr ikXw jw skqw hY:1. s<á™q ky gRNQ
2. p<jwbI kI rcnwE<
3. ihNdI (bRj) gu{muKI ilip my< aplÑD rcnwE<[
enmy< mOilk Ev< AnUidq dono< pRkwr kI rcnwE< hY<[ en rcnwAo< ky AwDwr hY<:1. Anuvwd qQw tIkwE<
2. gu{vwxI ÛXw$Xw
3. is#K Eyiqhwisk gRNQ
qwrn is<h, inm~l sMpRdwX dI tIkw p©iq, inm~l sMpRdwX, sMpw. pRIqm is<h, Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, 1981, p÷.
275.
2
-vhI-, p÷. 276.
3
hirBjn is<h, inm~l kivXo< kI ihNdI swihËX ko dyn, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX ko Xogdwn, sMpw. lwl is<h, pitXwlw : Bw†w
ivBwg, p<jwb, 1970, p÷. 167.
4
-vhI-[
5
gurdws guxI, kQw hIr rw<Jin kI, sMpw. sËXyNdõ qnyjw, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1961, p÷. 2 (BUimkw).
6
ivBwg, p<jwb, p÷. 167.
1
173
4. pOrwixk gRNQ
5. ANX mhËvpUx~ gRNQ[
bRjBw†w ky gRNQ rciXqw pRmuK inm~lw ivªwn hY<:swDu gulwb is<h
pRboD cNdõodX nwtk, AÍXwËm rwmwXx,
mo@ p<Q pRkwS, Bwv rswm÷q
p<. qwrw is<h nroÁm
gurmq inx~X swgr, gu{ igrwQ~ koS (do Bwg),
gu{ qIQ~ s<gRh, ‰I gu{ gRNQ swihb stIk
p<. AwËm dyv is<h
ávwmI dXwnNd kw mq AO AªYq isi©
p<. inhwl is<h
Akwl nwtk, inm~l pRBwkr, is#KI pRBwkr
swDu guridÁ is<h
nYàkõm isi©, tIkw jpu jI swihb
p<. inhwl is<h
kvINdõ pRkwS, holI hulws, suDwsr Sqk
mhNq qwrw is<h Am÷qsrI
tIkw jpu jI swihb
p<. swDu is<h
sËXwQ~ ivvyk ‰I muK vw#X is©w<q,
gu{ kIiq~ kivqwvlI,
‰I gu{ isiKXw pRBwkr (pWc Bwg), gu{ is©w<q riv
p<. inhwl is<h Qohw Kwlsw gu{ is©w<q riv pRkwS, ckõDr cirZ cw{ ciNdRkw,
jwpu swihb dSm gRNQ
swDu krm is<h
hir AhÃ sqse~
swDu goivNd is<h
eiqhws gu{ Kwlsw
zwnI zwn is<h
p<Q pRkwS
p<. Aju~n is<h muin
‰I gu{ pNQ pRkwS tIkw
Bwe~ sNqoK is<h
gu{ pRqwp sUrj gRNQ
Bwe~ su#Kw is<h
gu{ iblws pwqSwhI dsvI<[
enky Aiqir#q AOr BI Anyk swDu hY ijNho<ny inm~l sMpRdwX my< dIi@q hokr gurmq is©w<qo<
kI ÛXw$Xw krky g{vwxI ky pRcwr my< mhËvpUx~ Xogdwn idXw[ enky swihËX kI iviSÃqw Xh hY ik Xh
AËX<q pROFæ Ev< pirmwij~q swihËX ky ivªwn hony ky kwrx Xy ivªwn vg~ ko gurvwxI kw s<dyS dyny ky ilE
rcnw krqy Qy[ eNho<ny bRj ko mwÍXm bnwXw jo as smX kI pRcilq Bw†w QI[ ijssy es swihËX kI
pRiqàTw bFæI[ es swihËX kI sbsy bVI apliÑD Xh hY ik Xh jIvn ky AiDk inkt hY[ mÍXkwlIn
smwj my< pRcilq mq mqwNqro< my< ingu~x ivcwrDwrw AiDk lokipRX hue~[ #Xo<ik enkw zwn AnuBvwDwirq
Qw[ “dwS~ink icNqn ky @yZ my< p<jwb ky ingu~xI kwÛXkwro< ny sBI qËvo< ky sMbND my< svw~iDk mhËv
ávwnuBUiq ko idXw hY[ qËvo< ko inid~Ã AwdSo~< kI ksOtI pr ksny kI Apy@w AnuBv ªwrw pRmwixq krnw
vy AiDk ‰yX smJqy Qy[”1 ijsny Apny jIvn ko inkt sy dyKw ho AOr vwáqivkqw ko jwn ilXw ho
vhI askw dS~n hY[ “iPlwsPI my<y kyvl pR™iq kw zwn hY biØk smwj kw BI, Xid es zwn kw
AwDwr qËv AOr pRXog ho< Xh ivzwn khw jwqw hY[ prNqu Xid pRXog kI jgh kyvl AnuBv ho mY< esy
iPlwsPI hI khU<gw[”2 XhI ad`dyÜX is#K gu{Ao< kw rhw[ qËkwlIn piriáQiqXo< my< gu{ nwnk ny BI
XhI ikXw[ “BwrqIX dwS~ink, Dwim~k, rháXvwdI AOr swihiËXk prMprwAo< ky Drwql pr gu{ nwnk kI
kwÛX vwxI sy ing~ux kwÛX kw AwrMB hoqw hY[ ApnI mhwn pRiqBw, shj s÷iÃ AOr gMBIr AnuBv ky
kwrx nwnk es kwÛXDwrw ky pRvq~k áQwipq hoqy hY<[”3 pRáquq kwÛXDwrw my< aNho<ny Apny jIvn dS~n ky
mnmohn shgl, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX, pitXwlw : lInw piÑlSj~, sn` AnuplÑD, p÷. 18.
lwl is<h, gu{ Aju~n jIvnI Ev< rcnw, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb 1970, p÷. 52.
3
pRym pRkwS, gu{ nwnk qy ingu~x ivcwrDwrw, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb 1973, p÷. 22.
1
2
174
mUlBUq is©w<qo< sy juVkr suÛXviáQq F<g sy is#K dS~n qQw gurmq dS~n ko pRáquq ikXw[ en is©w<qo<
my< Ek guris#K ky AwdSo~<, rhq mXw~dw qQw Awcrx pr pRkwS fwlw gXw hY[ gu{ nwnk BwrqIX dS~n
kI ivcwrvwdI prMprw sy huE hY<, ijskI kyNdõIX áQwpnw Xh hY ik ivÜv kw prm XQwQ~ Ek Su©
AwÍXwiËmk sËqw hY[1 bwd my< Awny vwly gu{Ao< ny BI esI pirpwtI ko ApnwXw[ gu{vwxI (Awid gRNQ) my<
lgBg sBI gu{Ao<, B#qo< qQw sNqo< ky AwËmwnuBv hI s<kilq hY<[ dSm gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny es
gRNQ kI apXoigqw ko smJqy huE asy ‘gu{’ kI s<zw dI[ esmy< is#K dS~n kI sBI mwNXqwAo< kw
iváq÷q ivvycn imlqw hY[ esmy< e~Üvr, gu{, jIv, jgq, gurmuK, mnmuK, mo@ Awid pr iváqwr sy ilKw
gXw hY[ AwËmw prmwËmw ky áv}p Ev< sMbND pr gu{Ao<, sNqo<, B#qo< ky injI AnuBv iv´mwn hY[
AiNqm lâX mwnv jIvn ky ilE hY askI AwËmw prmwËmw my< ‘ivlX’[ “dS~n iv´w kI aËpiËq kw
pRXojn hY du:K swmwNX (ASy† du:K) kI inv÷iÁ AOr suK swmwNX (aÁm suK) kI pRwiÎq[”2 sMpUx~
gurvwxI my< is#K dS~n kw iváq÷q ivvycn imlqw hY[ sBI is#K gu{Ao< ny es dS~n ko jn-jn qk
phu<cwny my< sikRXw Xogdwn idXw aNho<ny Apny iSàXo< ko es kwm my< lgwXw[ Bwe~ gurdws jYsy Anyk
ivªwn gu{ syvko< ny Apnw swrw jIvn esI dS~n ko Aip~q kr idXw AOr ApnI vwxI sy ihNdI, p<jwbI
qQw s<á™q Bw†wAo< my< ÛXw$Xw krky dyS, pRdyS my< pRcwr AOr pRswr ikXw[ “aNho<ny nwnk ky ivcwro< ko
ghrwe~ sy jwnny kw pRXws ikXw AOr qËkwlIn piriáQiqAo< ky AnukUl ÛXw$Xw pRáquq kI Awpny ApnI
rcnwAo< my< dYink jIvn ky Awcwr ÛXvhwr ky adwhrx lykr jnqw ko shI mwg~ idKwXw hY[”3 esI
prMprw ko Awgy bFæwqy huE “gu{ goibNd is<h jI ny Apny pw<c ivªwn iSàXo< (Bwe~ g<fw is<h, Bwe~ vIr
is<h, Bwe~ krm is<h. Bwe~ sYxw is<h qQw Bwe~ rwm is<h) ko kwSI my< s<á™q pFæny Byjw[ …sY<kVo<
is#Ko< ny vwxI ky BwvwQ~ sIKkr gu{vwxI ky ivSy† BwàX rcy[”4 bwd my< Xy inm~l sNqo< ky {p my<
pRis© huE[ Awjkl Xh is#K Dm~ ky Ek ivSy† sMpRdwX ky {p my< pRis© hY<, ijsy inm~l sMpRdwX
khw jwqw hY[ Xy log vwxI kw pRcwr pRswr krnw hI Apny jIvn kw lâX mwnqy hY<[ “jhw< Xy log
gu{vwxI ky ivªwn hoqy hY< vhw< eNho<ny SwáZo< kw AÍXXn BI ikXw hoqw hY[ s<á™q AOr bRjBw†w ky mhwn
p<ifq, esI sMpRdwX kI apj hY[”5 Xy log ApnI ivªqw kw lwB aTwkr vydo< AOr apin†do< my<
s<kilq zwn ko qQw gu{vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw ko qulnwËmk ê÷iÃ sy jnqw ky sm@ pRáquuq krqy hY<[ ijskw
kwrx hY vYidk prMprw my< vydwNq ko jwnny vwly BI gu{vwxI ko jwnny my< smQ~ ho sky<[ Xy iksI BI mq
kw K&fn nhI< krqy, Aipqu Apnw qk~ pRáquuq krny ky ilE dUsry Dm~ gRNQo< sy pRmwx pRáquq krqy hY<[
“ijsy hm is#K Dm~ kyy sMbND my< dS~n khqy hY< vh vwáqv my< BwrqIX dS~n hI hY[ BwrqIX dS~n my<
bRhÓ kw ingu~x p@ pRáquq ikXw gXw hY[ ijskw pRktIkrx is#K Dm~ my< inm~l sNqo< ny ikXw hY
…inm~l sNqo< ny es dS~n ky kuC AinvwX~ p@o< kI ê÷iÃ sy is#K Dm~ kw AÍXXn ikXw, jo Apny
Awp my< bVw AmUØX pir‰m Qw[6 inm~l sNqo< kw dwS~ink d÷iÃkox ‘AªYqvwdI’ hY[ BRmpUx~ bwq Xh hY
ik S<krwcwX~ jo vydwNqI Qy vy BI ‘AªYqvwd’ ky pRcwrk Qy[ “mhËvpUx~ ANqr Xh hY ik S<krwcwX~ kw
mq AwDwirq hY apin†do< (vydo<, Bgvq`gIqw AOr bRhÓ sUZ) pr AOr asy ‘AªYq-vYdwNq’ khw jwqw hYY[
prNqu inm~l sMpRdwX kw mq AwDwirq hY ‘‰I gu{ gRNQ swihb’, suKmnI AOr jpu jI Awid pr, AOr
asky AªYq sy vydwNq SÑd joVnw aicq nhI<[”7 en inm~ly sNqo< ny is#K gu{Ao< kI hI vwxI kw
jgbIr is<h, gu{ nwnk vwxI ivc nYiqkqw dw s<kØp, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb 1973, p÷. 42.
vwcápiq gYrolw, BwrqIX dS~n, elwhwbwd : lokBwrqI pRkwSn, 1972, p÷. 15.
3
inm~l kumwr kOiSk, Bwe~ gurdws ÛXiÂËv AOr ™iqËv, idØlI : sUX~ pRkwSn, 1984, p÷. 45.
4
mwn is<h, inr<kwrI, inm~l s<pRdwX, sMpw. pRIqm is<h, Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, 1981, p÷. 23.
5
-vhI-[
6
gurbcn is<h qwilb, BwrqIX dS~n prMprw dy pRs<g ivc is#K dS~n dy kuC pK, is#K PlsPy dI {pryKw, sMpw. pRIqm is<h,
Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, 1975, p÷. 203.
7
kyvl ™àx imÁl, inm~l sMpRdwX kw dwS~ink Xogdwn, inm~l sMpRdwX, sMpw. pRIqm is<h, Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv
XUinvis~tI, 1981, p÷. 204.
1
2
175
Anusrx ikXw hY[ Alg dwS~ink is©w<qo< kw nhI<[ Xh ingu~x bRhÓ kI sÁw my< ivÜvws krqy hY< AOr
gu{vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw kry mwÍXm AOpni†idk Bw†w ko Apnwqy hY< #Xo<ik as swihËX ky AÍXXn kw
pRBwv enkI SYlI pr pVnw ávwBwivk hI hY esI pr is#K sMpRdwX kI ingu~x vwdI pRv÷iÁXo< kI Cwp
ápàtXw pirli@q hoqI hY[ es pr iksI BI bwh`X eálwm, ikõiÜcXn Awid Dmo~< kw pRBwv nhI< hY[
“p<jwb ky ingu~x swihËX kw EykyÜvrvwd jYsw ik pwÜcwËX icNqnwnuXwiXXo< kw ivcwr hY, eálwm kI dyn
nhI<, pRËXuq Su© apin†idk`-icNqn kw swr qËv hY[ vydo< my< pR™iq ky iviBNn A<go< my< swmwNXq:
AlOikk Si#qXo< kw dS~n krky dyvËv áQwipq ikXw gXw hY<… ikNqu pRáquq kwÛX my< jIvo< AOr pRBu ky
bIc dyvqwAo< ky sÁw ko AnwvÜXk mwnw gXw hY1 gurvwxI my< as e~Üvr ko ingu~x, inrwkwr, AjUnI, qIno<
guxo< sy pry, ‘}pu n ryK n r<gu ikCu iZhu gux qy pRB iBNn’[2 sMpUx~ s÷iÃ ko as e~Üvr kw hw iváqwr
mwnw gXw hY asy AivnwSI AOr Ek ‚<kwr khw gXw hY ‘nwnw ibiD kIno ivsQw{[ pRBu AibnwsI
Ek<kw{’[3 inm~ly ivªwno< ny BI e~Üvr kw áv}p gu{bwxI ky AnukUl hI mwnw hY[ aNho<ny Apny pUv~ ricq
gRNQo< kI ÛXw$Xw AQvw Anuvwd krky aNhy< ihNdI qQw s<á™q ivªwno< ky AÍXXnwQ~ pRáquq ikXw[ ijsky
Pláv{p gu{vwxI ihNdI pRdySo< my< BI lokipRX hue~[ Xh AËX<q duàkr kwX~ Qw jo inm~l sNqo< ky
sd`pRXËno< sy sMpNn huAw[ “kuCyk ny kyvl ihNdI my< ilKw jYsy sNq swDu is<h jI pIlIBIq, ijNho<ny
swry gu{ gRNQ swihb ky pXw~X ihNdI my rcy[ Awpny jpujI kI tIkw BI ihNdI Bw†w my< hI kI[ EysI hI
ihNdI tIkwAo< sy pRBwivq hokr aÁr pRdyS ky kuC ivªwno< ny BI jpu jI ky bwry my< ilKw[ enmy< S<kr
dXwl jI kw A<gRyjI Anuvwd (jo ik SwXd A<gyRjI my< pRQm Anuvwd hY[) ERysy hI p<. swDu is<h jI ky gu{
gRNQ pRdIp sy pRBwivq hokr bwbU Cuttn b$S Aihlmd sb jj go<fw ny jpu jI kw Anuvwd adU~ Bw†w
my< ikXw AOr swQ hI ÛXw$Xw BI kI[4 “Xy ivªwn inm~ly Apny ad`dyÜX hyqu gu{vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw krqy
AOr nvIn swihËX kI s÷jnw BI krqy[ lyikn ApnI mwq÷Bw†w ky moh ko n ËXwg krky enkI ÛXw$Xw
kw mwÍXm qo bRjBw†w ihNdI rhI mgr ilip gu{muKI[ enky swmnyy is#Ko< ky ANdr s<á™q Bw†w ky
swihËX pr Aw{Fæ hokr, vydwNq dS~n ky pRkwS my< gurvwxI kI ÛXw$Xw kw pRXojn Qw[ …vydwNq ky
gRNQo< ky AËXiDk AÒXws ky kwrx enky Apny ricq gRNQo< my< gurmq AOr vydwNq ko imlw idXw[”5
gurmq is©w<qo< ky swQ-swQ vydwNq kw qulnwËmk ivvycn BI pRáquq ikXw hY[ Xy is#K Dm~ kw ivªwn
AÍXwpk vg~ hY ijskw kwX~ AÍXXn-AÍXwpn krnw hY[ “Eysw pRqIq hoqw hY ik gu{ goibNd is<h Ek
áQwXI gu{kul kI áQwpnw kw bIjwropx krky s<á™q pRym ko Kwlsw rIiq nIiq kw áQwXI A<g bnw dynw
cwhqy Qy] inm~l sNq es iviSÃqw kw invw~h vq~mwn kwl qk krqy cly Aw rhy hY<[6 eNho<ny ÛXw$Xw ky
ilE Alg sy tIkw p©iÁ Apnwe~ hY[ jo Awjkl BI inm~lw tIkw p©iÁ ky }p my< pRcilq hY[ jo
pRis© inm~lw ivªwn p<ifq qwrw is<h nroÁm ©wrw AwrMB kI ge~[ es tIkw p©iÁ ky ANX pRis© ivªwn
mnmohn shgl, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, sn` AnuplÑD, p÷. 26-27.
gu{ Aju~n dyv, suKmnI swihb, Am÷qsr : iS. gu. pR. kmytI, 1981, p÷. 91.
3
-vhI-, p÷. 93.
4
pRkwS is<h, inrmilXw< dy jpu jI stIk, inm~l sMpRdwX, sMpw. pRIqm is<h, Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, Am÷qsr,
1981, p÷. 295.
s<á™q AOr ihNdI my< jpu jI kI pRmK
u tIkwE< :
(k) jpu gUFwQ~ dIpkw : p<. inlwl is<h Qohw Kwlsw
(c) jpu jI stIk : mhNq gxySw is<h
(K) tIkw gu{ Bwv dIpkw : p<. qwrw is<h nroÁm
(C) grb g<jnI (jpu jI tIkw) : Bwe~ s<qoK is<h
(g) poQI tIkw ‰I jp jI kw : p<. hr is<h nroÁm
(j) jpu jI swihb stIk : sNq inr<kwr is<h inm~ly
(G) jpu pRdIp : swDu dyvw is<h
(J) jpu jI stIk (bwl boDnI tIkw) : p<. qwrw is<h
(|) jpu jI stIk : swDu guridÁ is<h
5
pRkwS is<h, inrmilXw< dy jpu jI stIk, inm~l sMpRdwX, sMpw. pRIqm is<h, Am÷qsr: gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, 1981, p÷.
294.
6
hirBjn is<h, inm~l kivXo< kI ihNdI swihËX ko dyn, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX ko Xogdwn, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb,
1970, p÷. 170.
1
2
176
hY<- Bwe~ sNqoK is<h, p<. gulwb is<h, p<. e~Sr is<h, zwnI zwn is<h Awid[ p<jwbI swihËXyiqhws my< BI
en ivªwno< kw nwm AËX<q ‰©w sy ilXw jwqw hY[ ilip gu{muKI hony ky kwrx enkI kuC rcnwE< p<jwbI
swihËX my< siMmilq kr lI ge~ hY<[ ivªwno< ny jo tIkw<E kI hY< ankw g´ }p BI mhËvpUx~ hY,
swihËXyiqhws my< g´ ky áv{p Ev< ivkws prMprw kw AÍXXn krqy huE eNhy< AwKo< sy AoJl nhI< ikXw
jw skqw[ mgr Kyd hY ik ihNdI swihËXyiqhws lyKko< kw ÍXwn Awj qk es AOr nhI< gXw[ es d÷÷iÃ
sy BI enkI ÛXw$Xw AËX<q mhËvpUx~ khI jw skqI hY[ “gurvwxI ky BwvwQ~, prmwQ~ AOr tIkw ilKnw
Su{ Su{ my< eNhI< mhwpu{†o< kw hI kwm hY[ as smX kI ‘jpu prmwQ~’ AOr ‘tIkw is©goÃ’ Awid imlqy
hY<[”1 eqnw hI nhI< enkw kwPI g´-p´ swihËX ibKrw pVw hY[ ijsy s<kilq kr ihNdI swihËX my< ‰I
v÷i© kI jw skqI hY[ enkI rcnwE< háqiliKq nuáKy ky {p my< ke~ fyro< AOr Dwim~k áQwno< my< ibKrI
hue~ hY<[ ankI Koj AOr sMBwl ky ilE a´m AinvwX~ hY[2
inm~l sNqo< kw kyvl Dwim~k, swihiËXk AQvw swMpRdwiXk mhËv hI pXw~Îq nhI< hY, enkw
sw<á™iqk mhËv hI BwrqIX s<á™iq ky Anu{p hony ky kwrx Apnw iviSÃ áQwn rKqw hY[ enky
swMpRdwiXk mUØX sMpUx~ Bwrq ky sBI Dmo~< sy Apnw sMpk~ áQwipq ikE huE hY<[ “swmwijk iv†Xo< ky
pRiq jIvn kI AiB{icXw< sw<á™iqk mUØXo< kw inmw~x krqI hY<… iviBNn jwiqXo<, vgo_, il<g AOr qËvo<
kI swmwijk iáQiq Ev< mhËv, Anurwg AOr vYrw^X kw swmwijk cln km~ inÄw, kÁ~ÛX pwln qQw
Dmw~nuswr iviD in†yDwËmk pwrápirk ÛXvhwr BI mUlq: sw<á™iqk mUØX hI hY<[”3 is#K Dm~ my< Xy sBI
l@x aplÑD hY[ enky ªwrw pRyirq inm~lw sNqo< ny BI gu{ goibNd is<h jI ky AwdyS sy is#K is©w<qo<
ko AwËmswq kr sMpUx~ dyS my< Cw gXy Qy[ aNho<ny BwrqIX s<á™iq kI mhËqw ko phcwn ilXw Qw[
lgqw hY aNho<ny iksI rháX ko jwn ilXw Qw] “gu{ goibNd is<h ny Apny ivdRoh AwNdoln ky sw<á™iqk
AwDwr ko pirpuÃ krny ky ilE s<á™q ky mhËv ko phcwnw[ es AwDwr ky ibnw koe~ BI AwNdoln
dySÛXwpI }p Dwrx n kr skqw Qw[ s<á™q pRym ko vy swmiXk AwvÜXkqw ky {p my< nhI< biØk áQwXI
AwDwr ky {p my< gRhx krnw cwhqy Qy[4 Awpny AÇCI pRkwr sy jwn ilXw Qw ik BwrqIX swihËX AOr
s<á™iq qQw pRwcIn prMprwgq ivcwrDwrw ko jwny ibnw smwj kI pun~áQwpnw AsMBv hY[ Awpny Apny
iSàXo< ko Anykwnyk gRNQo< kw pTn pwTn krwXw qwik vy pRwcIn s<wá™iqk ivSy†qwAo< sy Avgq ho sky<[
inm~l s<qo< ko ivSy† }p sy XhI kwm sO<pw gXw[ bwd my< sdw aNhy< Apny pws rKw AOr XQw smX
ansy prm pivZ zwn kw pRkwS krwqy rhqy Qy[ eqnw hI nhI< inm~l sNqo< ny swmwijk AOr rwjnYiqk
giqiviDXo< my< BI mhËvpUx~ Xogdwn idXw[ phly qo Xy GUm-GUm kr gw<v-gw<v, ngr-ngr jwkr gurmq kw
pRcwr krqy Qy[ bwd my< ANX sMpRdwXo< ky smwn eNho<ny BI Apny Aw‰m (fyry) áQwipq ikE[ is#K
imslo< ky srdwro< ny fyrydwr inm~ly swDuAo< ko jwgIry< dyny kI pySkS kI[ ijsky iv†X my< pt`to< ky {p my<
pRmwx imlqy hY<[ Xy log fyro< my< kQw kIq~n krqy Qy, log inËX pRiq enky pws Awqy Qy[ rwjw mhwrwjw
BI Awny lgy AOr pRsNn hokr Bytw ky }p my< jwgIry< dwn my< dyny lgy[ “p<. gulwb is<h ky gu{ p<. mwn
is<h ny ku{@yZ my< 1743 e~. ko DmwQ~ jmIn pt`ty pr lI[ sn` 1752 my< mhwrwjw Awlw is<h kI puZI
bIbI pRDwn kOr ny brnwlw ky bwbw gw<Dw is<h vwly fyry ky mhNq in#kw is<h ko 30 gw<vo< kw pt`tw ilK
kr idXw[”5 is#K p<Q my< inv÷iÁ mwg~ ko Apnw kr BI inm~ly sNqo< ny pRËXyk @yZ my< Apnw mhËvpUx~
Xogdwn idXw[ rwjnIiqk s<G†o~< my< BI vy pICy nhI< hty[ “inm~ly p<Q, Kwlsw p<Q kw AiBNn A<g hony ky
lwl is<h, sMpw., p<jwbI vwrqk 1799 qk, mÍXkwlIn p<jwbI dw swihq, pitXwlw: Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1970, p÷. 233.
-vhI-, p÷. 245. mnmohn shgl, gu{ gRNQ swihb, Ek sw<ák÷iqk svy@
~ x, pitXwlw: Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1971, p÷. 102.
3
mnmohn shgl, gu{ gRNQ swihb, Ek sw<ák÷iqk svy~@x, pitXwlw: Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1971, p÷. 102 ; hirBjn is<h, inm~l
kivXo< kI ihNdI swihËX ko dyn, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX ko Xogdwn, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1970, p÷. 169.
4
hirBjn is<h, inm~l kivXo< kI ihNdI swihËX ko dyn, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX ko Xogdwn, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb,
1970, p÷. 169.
5
rwX jsbIr is<h, inm~l ByK dw AwrMB, inm~l sMpRdwX, sMpw. pRIqm is<h, Am÷qsr, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, 1981, p÷. 35.
1
2
177
kwrx ikNhI< iBNn is©w<qo< AQvw mwNXqwAo< my< ivÜvws nhI< rKqw, ikNqu inm~l p<Q ko kiqpX iviSÃ
käw~ÛX sO<py gE Qy[ Aq: rIiq nIiq my< Xy swDwrx is#K jnqw sy kuC iviSÃ hI pRqIq hoqy hY[< ”1
eNho<ny Apny smX kI is#K Dm~ kI smáXwAo< ko BI Aw<kw AOr smX smX pr shwXqw BI kI[
Avsr pVny pr vy sSáZ ho kr Xu© my< jwny my< BI ihcikcwqy nhI< Qy[ Eysy SUrbIro< my< Bwe~ mhwrwjw
is<h (bihl is<h) kI kw nwm AgRg&X hY[ “pun: p<jwb my< AsldwrI hony pr cwhy inm~ly swDuAo< ny
in<rkwrI lhr, nwmDwrI lhr ky smX is#K p<Q kw pUx~ shXog idXw, prNqu bwd my< sn` 1920 sy sn`
1925 qk AkwlI lhr ky smX gu} ky bwg kw mocw~, cwibXw< kw mocw~ AOr jYqo kw mocw~ lgwny ky
smX inm~ly swDuAo< ny jËQo< my< Swiml hokr jo kubw~inXw< dI AOr A<gRyj hukUmq kI jylo< ky kÃ Jyly vh
ilKny khny AOr sunny sy bwhr hY[2 es pRkwr inm~ly sNq inBI~k Xo©w AOr ivªwn dono< hI Qy[ inm~ly
sNqo< ny gu{vwxI kI ÛXw$Xw hI nhI< kI[ smswmiXk piriáQiqXo< ky Anu{p ANX sMpRdwXo< ky smwn
hI Apnw AiáqËv BI áQwipq ikXw[ adwsI sMpRdwX, syvwpNQI sMpRdwX ky smwn hI Apny pRcwr kyNdõo<
kI áQwpnw kI qQw aNhy< inXimq {p idXw[ eqnw hI nhI< es sMpRdwX kI Anyk SwKwE< ivkisq hue~[
jo Awj BI Bwrq ky pRËXyk Bwg my< iksI n iksI {p my< iv´mwn hY AOr gu{vwxI ky pRcwr my< s<l^n hY[
“pwikáqwn sy AwE sNqo< mhNqo< ny AOr kuC pUvI~ p<jwb my< hI rh rhy sNqo< ny iPr sy fyry kwXm krny
Su{ ikE[ esI kõm my< hirªwr, ‡i†kyS, idØlI, murwdwbwd, AMbwlw Shr, modIngr, shwrnpur, vYlbVw,
imjw~pur, kwnpur, kwSI, jMmU Awid Shro< my< nXy fyry bny[”3 esky Aiqir#q Coty-Coty Shro< AOr gWvo< my<
BI fyry bny[ ngro< AOr gWvo< ky logo< ko smwn }p sy gurmq kw apdyS dykr eNho<ny Ek dySÛXwpI
Dwim~k AwNdoln clwXw[ ijssy gu{vwxI kw smJnw srl ho gXw, log ‰©w sy en sNqo< ky swmny isr
Jukwqy AOr By<t my< AmUØX váquE< dy jwqy[ Xhw< qk ik logo< ny bVI emwrqy< eNhy< sO<p dI, Xhw< Xy áQwXI
}p sy rhny lgy[ vhw< eNho<ny gu{vwxI kI inàp@ {p sy ÛXw$Xw kI[ eNho<ny BwrqIX Dm~ is©w<qo< kw
smNvXwËmk }p pRáquq ikXw AOr (AªYqvwdI) is©w<qo< kI pRiqÄw kI[ #Xo<ik “gu{ gRNQ kyvl is#Ko<
kw hI gRNQ nhI<, cwhy Xy esy gu{ quØX mwnqy hY<, Aipqu Xh gRNQ an sbky ilE pUÈX Ev< ‰©yX hY jo
bRhÓ my< ivÜvws rKqy hY<[”4 eNho<ny ihNdI AOr s<á™q ky an sBI gRNQo< kw AÍXXn AOr mnn ikXw Qw,
ijnmy< as bRhÓ kI sÁw ky bwry my< jwnkwrI imlqI hY[ vyd, apin†do< AOr †VdS~no< qk kw mNQn ikXw
Qw[ ijskw pRBwv enkI rcnwAo< my< dyKw jw skqw hY[ “bu©mq sy lykr gurmq qk kI ivcwrDwrw kw
ivkws Eyiqhwisk AOr sw<á™iqk dono< p@o< sy bhuq mhËvpUx~ hY[ gurmq AOr bu©mq my< Alg-Alg
Eyiqhwisk pVwvo< ky Anuswr bhuq sI AwÍXwiËmk AOr sw<á™iqk smwnqw hY[”5 inm~lw swihËX kI Xh
ivSy†qw rhI hY ik eNho<ny Apny ad`dyÜX hyqu BwrqIX prMprwAo< ko ApnwXw hY[ Bwrq kI sw<á™iqk
pRv÷iÁXo< ko Apnw kr eNho<ny BwrqIXo< kI injI~v sÒXqw my<y pun: pRwx PU<k kr aNhy< anky áv{p sy
Avgq krwXw[ Bwrqv†~ my< ANXwNX Dmo~< ky hoqy huE BI eNho<ny pRwcIn s<ákwrgq jIvn ko Apnwkr
smswmiXk smáXwAo< ky smwDwn hyqu Eysw swihËX rcw ijskw Ek Cor swmwNX jIvn sy qQw dUsrw
Bwrq kI pRwcIn s<á™iq, sÒXqw AOr swihËX sy sMb© Qw[ “es sMpRdwX ky swihËXkwro< ny bRj,
ihNdI AOr s<á™q ko hI swihËX s÷jn kw mwÍXm bnwXw hY AOr enky swihËX my< p<jwbI bolI kw ABwv
ivBwg, p<jwb, 1970, p÷. 169.
2
SmSyr is<h ASok, inm~l swDuAw< dI isK Dm~ nU< dyn, inm~l sMpRdwX, sMpw. pRIqm is<h, Am÷qsr, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI,
1981, p÷. 157.
3
rwijNdõ is<h SwáZI, inm~l fyry : eiqhws qy pRbND, inm~l sMpRdwX, sMpw. pRIqm is<h, Am÷qsr, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI,
1981, p÷. 64.
4
surx
Y is<h ivlKU, Awid gRNQ ky prMprwgq qËvo< kw AÍXXn, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1978, p÷. 5.
5
sNq is<h syKo<, Eyiqhwisk ipCokfæ qy s<iKÎq srvyKx, p<jwbI swihq dw eiqhws, Bwg phlw, sMpw. lwl is<h, pitXwlw :
Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1971, p÷. 15.
1
178
hY[”1 s<á™q ky pRkw&f ivªwn hony ky kwrx enkI Bw†w s<á™q inÄ hY[ ijsmy< swmwNX Bw†w sy kuC
jitlqw AnuBv hoqI hY[ enky gRNQ es bwq ky sw@I hY<[
1. AªYq isi© kI sugm swr ciNdRkw (p<. sdw is<h)
2. jpu gUFæwQ~ dIpkw, jpu jI tIkw (p<. inhwl is<h)
3. ‰I gu{ is©w<q pwirjwq (p<. hrw is<h jI)
4. ‰I gu{ kOmudI, NXwX mu#qwvlI, (p<. kOr is<h)
5. vwihgu{ mNZwQ~ pRkwS (p<. e~Sr is<h kwSI)
6. gu{ nwnk áqoZ, nyàXkõm isi© tIkw, vydwNq is©wNq mu#qwvlI, nOvy< mhØly ky
Üloko< kI s<á™q tIkw[
7. gu{ áqoZ
8. ABydwK&f cNdõmw
en gRNQo< my mOilk (ihNdI Ev< s<á™q) qQw Anuidq sBI pRkwr ky gRNQo< kI rcnw hue~[ ihNdI
puáqko< my< Ek bVI s<$Xw s<á™q gRNQo< ky Bw†wnuvwd kI hY[2 essy ápÃ hoqw hY ik inm~l sNq
qËkwlIn Bw†w sy ‚pr aTkr Ek Su© swihiËXk Bw†w kw iv†Xwnu}p pRXog kr rhy Qy[ iksI BI
lyKk ky ilE sbsy duàkr kwX~ tIkw krnw hoqw hY[ ijsy inm~l ivªwn sNqo< ny bVy suXo^X F<g sy
inBwXw AOr ihNdI qQw s<á™q swihËX kI mUl smáXw XhI hY ik sMpUx~ swihËX gu{muKI ilip my< hY[
“ivkõmI kI smUcI 18vI< qQw 19vI< SiqXo< my< mUl s<á™q gRNQo< ko gurmuKI ilip Ev< bRjBw†w
kwÛXwnuvwd my< pRáquq krny kw pRvwh bnw rhw hY[3 XhI sbsyy bVI smáXw hY ik ilip AOr Bw†w ny es
swihËX ko m<JDwr my< lw KVw ikXw[ “Xid en rcnwAo< ko DIry-DIry ilÎXNqrx kr pRkwiSq ikXw jw
sky AQvw en pr koe~ sS#q SoD kwX~ krvwXw jw sky qo ihNdI jgq ky iv©wno< kw ÍXwn eDr
Awki†~q ikXw jw skqw hY[”4
inm~l sNqo< kw swihËX ihNdI swihËXyiqhws kI AmUØX iniD hY[ AwvÜXk hY esy phcwnny
AOr s<Bwlny kI[ Ab pXw~Îq swmgRI pRkwS my< Aw cukI hY[ SmSyr is<h ASok, s. pRIqm is<h, fw.
hirBjn is<h, fw. mnmohn shgl, fw. jXBgvwn goXl, fw. goivNd nwQ rwjgu{, mhIp is<h, fw.
suryNdR svwVw qQw fw. hrjIq kOr mdwn ny es @yZ my< kwm ikXw hY AOr pXw~Îq sUcnwE< dI hY[ inm~l
swihËX ivSwl smudõ kI qrh iváq÷q hY[ AOr eskI Ek-Ek rcnw pr SoD kwX~ sMBv hY[ mgr phly
es swihËX kI sImw, áqr AOr pRwmwixkqw is© krny kI AOr AiDk ÍXwn dyny kI AwvÜXkqw hY[ AwSw
hY Xh swihËX ihNdI swihËXyiqhws my< ne~ ad`BwvnwE< lwny my< s@m hogw AOr swihËXyiqhwskwro< ko ne~
idSw imlygI[
ihNdI swihËXyiqhws lyKn kI sudIG~ prMprw my< ABI qk iviBNn pRwNqo< my< iv´mwn sMpRdwXo<
kw aØlyK nwm mwZ hY[ vwáqivkqw qo Xh hY ik Bi#q kwl ko ávix~m Xug bnwny my< bRj Bw†w ky pUry
swihËX kw ivl@x Xogdwn hY[ BwrqIX swihËXyiqhws es qÌX kI mw<g krqw hY ik mÍX XugIn cyqnw
qBI Awlyikq ho skqI hY jb iviBNn ilipXo< my< ibKrw huAw bRjBw†w kw swihËX Ek hI swihËXyiqhws
ky mwnicZ pr A<ikq ho[ hmwrw Xh ivnIq pRXws es idSw my< AnusNDwn ky nXy vwqwXno< ko Kol
1
suirNdõ is<h, inm~l sNqw< dI p<jwbI swihq nU< dyn, inm~l sMpRdwX, sMpw. pRIqm is<h, Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI,
1981, p÷. 247.
2
ivBwg, p<jwb, 1970, p÷. 172.
3
shgl, mnmohn, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX, pitXwlw: lInw piÑlSj~, sn` AnuplÑD, p÷. 236.
4
-vhI-, p÷. 243.
179
skqw hY[ Aq: ihNdI swihËXyiqhws my< inm~l sNqo< kI vwxI kw Eyiqhwisk, sw<ák÷iqk, swmwijk, Ev<
swihiËXk AÍXXn ir#q p÷Äo< kI pUiq~ ko sMBv bnw skqw hY[
sNdB~ gRNQ sUcI
1. Aju~n dyv (gu{), suKmnI swihb, Am÷qsr : iS. gu. pR. kmytI, 1981.
2. ksyl, ikrpwl is<h, p<jwbI swihq dw eiqhws, (Bwg phlw), pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1971.
3. kOiSk, inm~l kumwr, Bwe~ gurdws ÛXiÂËv AOr ™iqËv, idØlI : sUX~ pRkwSn, 1984.
4. gYrolw, vwcápiq, BwrqIX dS~n, elwhwbwd : lokBwrqI pRkwSn, 1972.
5. jgbIr is<h, gu{ nwnk bwxI ivc nYiqkqw dw s<kØp, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1973.
6. qnyjw, sËXyNdõ, sMpw., kQw hIr rw<Jin kI (gurdws guxI), pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1961.
7. pRIqm is<h, sMpw., is#K PlsPy dI {pryKw, Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, 1981.
8.
,,
inm~l sMpRdwX, Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, 1981.
9. pRym pRkwS, gu{ nwnk qy ingu~x ivcwrDwrw, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1973.
10. myG, rmyS ku<ql, nvm gu{ pr bwrh inbND, Am÷qsr : gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvis~tI, 1982.
11. Bogl, ÎXwrw is<h, p<jwbI swihq dw eiqhws, jwl<Dr : ihrdyjIq pRkwSn, 1971.
12. lwl is<h, sMpw., gu{ Aj~un dyv jIvn Aqy rcnw, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1973.
13.
,,
mÍXkwlIn p<jwbI dw swihq, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1970.
14. ivlKU, surx
Y is<h, Awid gRNQ ky prMprwgq qËvo< kw AÍXXn, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1961.
15. vIr is<h (Bwe~), sMpw., kibÁ Bwe~ gurdws, dUsrw ákND, Am÷qsr : Kwlsw smwcwr, p<jwb, 1978.
16. shgl, mnmohn, p<jwb kw ihNdI swihËX, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, sn` AnuplÑD[
17.
,,
gu{ gRNQ swihb, Ek sw<ák÷iqk svy~@x, pitXwlw : Bw†w ivBwg, p<jwb, 1971.
180

Nirmal.Sampardai.Di

Transcription

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