Ejemplos de perfiles de suelos

Ejemplos de perfiles de suelos
Información tomada de USDA‐NRCS
Inceptisol
The central concept of Inceptisols is that of soils of humid and subhumid regions that have altered horizons that have lost bases or iron and aluminum but retain some weatherable minerals. They do not have an illuvial horizon enriched with either silicate clay or with an amorphous mixture of aluminum and organic carbon.
The Inceptisols may have many kinds of diagnostic horizons, but argillic, natric kandic, spodic and oxic horizons are excluded.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/
Ultisol
The central concept of Ultisols is that of soils that have a horizon that contains an appreciable amount of translocated silicate clay (an argillic or kandic horizon) and few bases (base saturation less than 35 percent). Base saturation in most Ultisols decreases with depth.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/
Mollisol
The central concept of Mollisols is that of soils that have a dark colored surface horizon and are base rich. Nearly all have a mollic epipedon. Many also have an argillic or natric horizon or a calcic horizon. A few have an albic horizon. Some also have a duripan or a petrocalic horizon
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/
Oxisol
The central concept of Oxisols is that of soils of the tropical and subtropical regions. They have gentle slopes on surfaces of great age. They are mixtures of quartz, kaolin, free oxides, and organic matter. For the most part they are nearly featureless soils without clearly marked horizons. Differences in properties with depth are so gradual that horizon boundaries are generally arbitrary.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/
Alfisol
The central concept of Alfisols is that of soils that have an argillic, a kandic, or a natric horizon and a base saturation of 35% or greater. They typically have an ochric epipedon, but may have an umbric epipedon. They may also have a petrocalcic horizon, a fragipan or a duripan.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/
Entisol
The central concept of Entisols is that of soils that have little or no evidence of development of pedogenic horizons. Many Entisols have an ochric epipedon and a few have an anthropic epipedon. Many are sandy or very shallow.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/
Vertisol
The central concept of Vertisols is that of soils that have a high content of expending clay and that have at some time of the year deep wide cracks. They shrink when drying and swell when they become wetter.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/
Spodosol
The central concept of Spodosols is that of soils in which amorphous mixtures of organic matter and aluminum, with or without iron, have accumulated. In undisturbed soils there is normally an overlying eluvial horizon, generally gray to light gray in color, that has the color of more or less uncoated quartz.
Most Spodosols have little silicate clay. The particle‐size class is mostly sandy, sandy‐skeletal, coarse‐loamy, loamy, loamy‐ skeletal, or coarse‐
silty.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/
Spodosol
The central concept of Spodosols is that of soils in which amorphous mixtures of organic matter and aluminum, with or without iron, have accumulated. In undisturbed soils there is normally an overlying eluvial horizon, generally gray to light gray in color, that has the color of more or less uncoated quartz.
Most Spodosols have little silicate clay. The particle‐size class is mostly sandy, sandy‐skeletal, coarse‐loamy, loamy, loamy‐ skeletal, or coarse‐
silty.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/
Bayamón, Nuestro Suelo Nacional
Clasificación por familia
Very‐fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Typic Hapludox •La posición en el paisaje acelera el proceso de meteorización, lixiviacion de bases, minerales meteorizables, acumulación de minerales estables y sesquióxidos •Contiene mas de 60% arcilla, mas del 50% de la arcilla (<0.002 mm fracción) es caolinita, temperatura anual de 22oC (72F) o mas con fluctuaciones menor a 5oC a una profundidad de 50 cm
Oxisol ‐ Serie Bayamón
• Bayamon derivado del cacique Taino "Bahamon"
• Suelo Bayamon interpuesto entre mogotes calcareos en el norte de Puerto Rico.
• Suelos tradicionalmente utilizados para caña de azucar, piña, pasturas. • Perfil típico consiste de: capa arable de 0‐20 cm arcilla marrón rojiza, subsuelo 20 ‐ 200 cm arcilla roja • Suelos formados de sedimentos marinos arcillosos altamente meteorizables. Suelos tienen de mediana a baja fertilidad, fuertemente ácido, por lo que los suelos responden al encalado y fertilizante. http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/