Tohu: Chapiteau des Arts Tohu: Chapiteau des Arts

ARCH 226: Case Study in Canadian Sustainable Design
Tohu: Chapiteau des Arts
Consortium: Schème consultants, Jacques Plante
Architect and Jodoin Lamarre Pratte
Montreal, Quebec
Sarah Khalid | Rebecca Lai | Elaine Lui | Ping Pai
November 2004
Pictures from S. A. Lorenzo Martoni, Cyry Assoc.ppt
Background from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt
Function
ƒ Houses the international
headquarters of Cirque du
Soleil
ƒ Landmarks Montreal as a
world leader of the circus arts
ƒ Serves as a circus school,
theatre, gallery and
convention centre
ƒ Actively involved in the SaintMichael Environmental
Complex (CESM)
revitalization and
development program
ƒ Improves the St. Michael
district
Pictures from http://www.guidesperrier.com/architecture/tohu/tohu_pavillon.html and
from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf, respectively
Siting
Picture from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt
Structure
ƒ Primarily constructed out of
concrete, steel and glass
ƒ Concrete panels are low cost,
malleable, easy to install,
more fire resistant, more
effective for sound proofing.
– barely require maintenance;
have a long life expectancy
– are used to retain the
structure
ƒ Many structural components
are recycled: steel beams
from the old Angus factory,
grand stairway made from old
La Round bumper cars,
rusted CP rails, pieces from
an abandoned crane and
metal panels from Expo ’67
Right: from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt
Left: from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf
Materiality
Picture from S. A. Lorenzo Martoni, Cyry Assoc.ppt
Heating – Passive Geothermics
ƒ Co-generating, hot water heating system makes
heating costs 20% lower
ƒ Gazmont extracts biogas from subsoil and converts it
into energy
– Combustion of biogas boils water which transforms into
steam, which turns a large turbine to generate electricity
– When steam is cooled, part of the hot water is routed to the
Tohu pavilion
– Water circulates throughout a network of ducts embedded in
the floor of the building
ƒ This method avoids production of greenhouse effect
gases
Heating – Trombe wall
ƒ “It is sized to contribute in practically reducing heating
required to almost nil on a clear February day.”
ƒ Wall can accommodate most of the theatre’s heating
needs; additional heating only needed during shows
on cold nights
ƒ Annual energy savings = approx. 38000kW/hr
Picture from S. A. Lorenzo Martoni, Cyry Assoc.ppt
Cooling – Ice tray
ƒ Massive ice-tray accumulating
up to 20 000 pounds of ice lies
under the site in the “Canadian
Well”
ƒ The ice tray is used “primarily
as a reserve of freshness for
the periods of demands….”
Picture from http://www.cyberpresse.ca/actuel/article/1,4230,0,092004,798976.shtml
Ventilation
ƒ Tohu uses natural ventilation by convection and huge amounts
of ice for air conditioning
ƒ Stack effect is assisted by two chimneys and the sun:
– In summer, hot air rises and collects in a vortex near the ceiling
– Hot air is forced out two 1.2m diameter chimneys located 0.6m
apart while a system of ventilation ducts circulate cool air
ƒ With no interior gains, natural movement of air cools and heats
the building, maintaining the interior environment at 23 degrees
Celsius
ƒ Process consumes 70% less energy than a conventional system
ƒ Does not produce greenhouse effect
Ventilation
Air neuf et frais = New and fresh air
Glace = Ice
Air vicié et chaud = Foul and hot air
Gradins = Steps
Diagram by Dr. Andreas K. Athienitis, ing
Heat Exchange and Ductwork Location
North-East elevation
North-East section
Pictures from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt
Heat Exchange and Ductwork Location
North-West elevation
South-West elevation
Pictures from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt
Interior Environment
http://www.guidesperrier.com/architecture/tohu/tohu_pavillon.html
Indoor Office Temperature
Picture from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf
Electrical Consumption of a Typical Room
Reduction of the electrical consumption is 28%
Graph from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf
External Environment
ƒ Green roof reduces building’s heat gain during
summer; enhances air quality
ƒ Large basin collects rainwater:
– Due to it, “Tohu has a natural system, eliminating the need
to construct a traditional underground retention system of
massive concrete ducts.”
ƒ External lighting system uses thousands of LED
bulbs; reduces light pollution
Minimal Light Pollution-lighting
Picture from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf
Daylighting
Summer Solstice at 43 degrees latitude
Winter Solstice at 43 degrees latitude
Daylighting – Summer Solstice
ƒ Window openings reflect seasonal
changes in the sun path to balance
solar heat gain.
Offices located on
North side to utilize
diffuse lighting
South elevations limit solar
heat gain
Southwest
openings limit light
penetration by
overhangs
Daylighting – Winter Solstice
ƒ Window openings reflect seasonal
changes in the sun path to balance
the solar heat gain.
Minimal openings
facing south.
North Large openings
where light is most
limited.
Southwest openings
admit low angle light in
the winter.
Daylighting
ƒ Daylighting is beneficial due
to the fact that the heating
and cooling systems use
passive geothermics.
ƒ Glass curtain walls mainly
exposed on the north side or
blocked by the cylindrical
area
ƒ South side has less openings
ƒ This allows for better control
of the heat that is generated
by the sun and more control
over the interior conditions of
the building.
LEED Scorecard – Sustainable Sites – 8/14
Goals:
ƒ To reduce the
environmental impact
of a building on its site
ƒ To direct the
development in urban
sectors with existing
infrastructures, thus
protecting the parks
and their resources
ƒ To reduce heat islands
to minimize their
impact on the
microclimate and
human and faunal
habitats
ƒ To reduce car pollution
LEED Scorecard – Water Efficiency – 4/5
Goals:
ƒ To limit or
eliminate the use
of drinking water
for irrigation
ƒ To reduce the
production of
waste water
ƒ To reduce water
consumption
LEED Scorecard – Energy & Atmosphere – 14/17
Goals:
ƒ To obtain levels of
energy performance
higher than the set
standards
ƒ To encourage the use
of the use of
renewable
technologies
ƒ To eliminate the use of
CFC to reduce the
degradation of the
ozone layer
LEED Scorecard – Materials & Resources – 3/13
Goals:
ƒ Use building materials
made of recycled
matter
ƒ Reduce construction
waste
ƒ Reduce the demand
for virgin materials
ƒ Use local materials to
reduce the impact of
transportation on the
environment
LEED Scorecard – Indoor Environmental Quality – 10/15
Goals:
ƒ To provide a good
distribution of air
ƒ To reduce quantity of
contaminants of
interior air
ƒ To provide control of
systems (temperature,
ventilation and light) so
occupants can manage
comfort conditions
ƒ To provide a
connection between
the interior and exterior
spaces by the
introduction of natural
light
LEED Scorecard – Innovation & Design Process – 5/5
Goal:
ƒ To reach
exceptional
performances that
go beyond
requirements
established by
LEED
TOTAL = 44/69: LEED Gold Certification