Final Buku program Vam 06092013edit

Transcription

2.
Message from Chairman of Agriculture ang Agro-based Industry Committee, Johor.
3.
Message from VAM President
4.
Message from Chairman of Orginising Committee
5.
VAM EXCO members
6.
Organising Committee
7.
Plenary Speakers :



11.
Prof. Dr. Maketab bin Mohamed
Prof. Saul Tzipori
Verna M. Mitura
Congress Programme Day 1 ( 13th September 2013 )
Congress Programme Day 2 (14th September 2013)
Congress Programme Day 3 (15th September 2013)
12.
Posters Presenters List
13.
Abstract (Oral Presentation)
14.
Abstract (Poster Presentation)
15.
Acknowledgements
16.
Advertisement
17.
Autograph
1
25th VAM Congress 2013
13-15 September 2013, Lotus Desaru Beach Resort, Kota Tinggi,Johor.Malaysia
Message from Chairman of Agriculture & Agro-Based Industry
Committee, Johor
It is a great pleasure to congratulate Veterinary Association Malaysia and Johor State Department of
Veterinary Services for organizing 25th VAM Congress. From my understanding, the congress is essential
to veterinary profession in order to expose new findings regarding animal and human health toward
sustainable environment and healthy lifestyle.
The theme of 25th VAM Congress entitled “Symbiosis: Enhancing animal, human and environmental
health”. Symbiosis is defined as a close, prolonged association between two or more different organism or
different species that may but does not necessarily benefit each member. We can appreciate this
relationship in our daily lives as it plays important role toward stability for all living thing and
environment. It is parallel with the strategy and goal of New Economic Model (NEM) and Agro-Food
Policy (DAN 2011-2020).
Johor State Department of Veterinary Services is the prime department responsible for the enhancement
of Livestock Industry as well as biosecurity, animal health and welfare issues. Department play a multi
tasking job in order to give services and satisfy the industry player, small animal practitioner,
entrepreneur, animal welfare group, farmers and others. The task encompass all matter regarding
exportation, importation, licensing, regulation, subsidies, health services and consultation which will
eventually results in an increased animal population towards self sufficiency in meat especially in Johor
State and harmonize livestock industry.
I am pleased that the aspiration of the congress is toward disease management and zoonotic for a better
life and sustainable environment. The conference is indeed an appropriate platform to share and
exchanging information and views on animal disease and technology.
It is my sincere hope, this scientific congress will benefit every party that involve in advancing animal
welfare-human health and animal based production. I thank the organizing committee for this opportunity
and wish all a fruitful and successful congress.
Thank you
Y.B Tuan Ismail bin Mohamed
Chairman of Agriculture & Agrobased Industry Committee, Johor
2
Message from Veterinary Association Malaysia
PRESIDENT
VETERINARY ASSOCIATION MALAYSIA
It is with great pleasure for me to welcome all VAM members, participants and distinguished guests to
our 25th Annual General Meeting and VAM Congress with the theme “Symbiosis : Enhancing Animal,
Human and Environmental Health” which will be held from 13-15 Sept 2013 at Lotus Desaru Beach
Resort. Johor.
It is timely for us to examine the animal–human-environment interactions and their potential influence
on sustainability and a threat to human health and well-being. All eco-systems and human society
depends on healthy and productive natural environment that contains diverse plant and animal species
(biodiversity). The animal has seen a co-evolution over thousands of years that had affected the quality of
life of humans & sustainable agriculture. There are enough evidences of the health threat, spread of
zoonotic diseases and eco-system degradation; as a result we are coming to grips with the much needed
healthy symbiosis between animal-human activities and the environment. Therefore, optimum symbiosis
and achieving ecosystem health should become the cornerstone of a sustainable policy for ecosystems that
are the essential for achieving sustainable livelihoods, human health, animal health and many other
societal objectives. It is never an easy task to establish a controllable perfect ecosystem and secure
healthy environment for both humans and animals because this necessitates a cooperative effort from all
stakeholders, industry professionals and consumers.
The annual VAM Congress is not only an excellent platform to exchange ideas, share information
regarding application of veterinary and other allied sciences, but also a great occasion for all members to
meet together, make connections and to network. We record our heartfelt appreciation to the YB
Dato’Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin, Menetri Besar, Johor for his support and to grace the occasion. We
also like to express our sincere thanks to the Department of Veterinary Services, Chairman of Organising
Committee, committee members, sponsors, presenters, participants and distinguished guests for making
this congress a great success. I wish this event will bring greater acceleration in the development and
transformation of the livestock industry in the country.
Yours truly,
……………………………………………..
Dato’Dr.Vincent Ng In Hooi
President
Veterinary Association Malaysia
3
Message from Chairman of Organising Committee
I am deeply honored to welcome all participants and guests to the 25th VAM Scientific Congress
2013. Special thanks to plenary speakers, both oral and poster presenters and contributors who
provide supports that enable the congress to be held here in Lotus Desaru, Kota Tinggi, Johor.
Holding scientific congress outside Klang Valley is a challenge by itself. Not only the distances
but also the time spent outside the practice is a big scarify to practicing veterinarians.
Nonetheless, I hope the place selected for the congress will allow all veterinarians to reflect their
role in ensuring the health of animal, reducing risk of zoonosis diseases and maintaining healthy
environment where animal leave.
We all hope that fanimal-food based and pet animal industries will grow because it is our
potential patients that feed the world, provide jobs and economic opportunity, livelihoods of
billion global poor people and companion to a stressful modern leaving style. The expansion of
food animal sector is achieved in three possible ways; i) Intensification or industrialization when land is limiting factor; ii) integration of livestock into existing crop/plantation area –
intercropping or undergrowth grazing, and iii) establishment of new livestock farming area –
when land is still available. All options will produce an un-healthy impact to the animal itself,
human as well as the environment if not properly managed and regulated but with different
degree of seriousness. Such impacts include; abusing and neglecting animal welfare and health,
contaminating water source, greenhouse pollution and global warming, propagating zoonotic
disease agents, and increase incidence of chemicals residue and antibiotic resistance. The
challenges are to reduce the risk and minimize the impact and ensuring sustainability of the
industry. As such this year congress theme “Symbiosis: Enhancing Animal, Human an
Environment Health” hopefully will provide an initial holistic assessment on impact of the
overlapping existence and co-existence of animal, human and environment interaction.
This year congress is organized with collaboration of the Veterinary Association of Malaysia and
the Department of Veterinary Services, Johor. I recognized the efforts of both parties and thank
all of them especially the staffs of DVS Johor. I also wish to appreciate contribution made by the
Johor State Government and the presence of YB. Tuan Hj.Ismail Mohamed, the new EXCO of
Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry for officiating the congress. I wish this year congress will
provide an initial stocktaking and move forward to a future sustainable animal industries.
Sincerely
DR KAMARUDIN MD ISA
Chairman
2013 VAM Congress Organising Committee
4
EXCO MEMBERS VAM 2012/2014
YH Dato’ Dr. Vincent Ng
Dr.Paul Chelliah Suppiah
Dr. Kamarudin Md Isa
Dr.Nadzariah Cheng Abdullah
Dr.Rahmat bin S.M.Sheriff
Dr.Chee Liung Wun
Dr.Sockalingam Choliyan
Dr.Vellayan Subramaniam
Dr.Aida bt Muhid
Dr.Wilmot Sasindran Dass
Dr.Norsuhanna Mohd Mokthar
Dr.Khor Kuan Hua
Dr.Chong Yoon Chuk
Dr.Shafarin Shamsudin
Mrs.Niremala Devi
Dr.Gopinathan Gangadharan
Dr.Mazlan Mohamad
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Siti Khairani Bejo
Dr.Tan Do Yew
5
President
President - Elect
Immediate Past President
Vice President
Hon. Secretary
Hon. Treasure
Hon. Asst. Treasure
EXCO Member
EXCO Member
EXCO Member
EXCO Member
VAM Journal Editor-in-Chief
MAFAV Representative
MAVP Representative
MNAWF Representative
MSAVA Representative
Director VAM Incorporation Sdn Bhd
CPD Sub-Committee
Website Sub-Committee
Organising Committee
Advisor :
Dato’ Dr. Vincent Ng In Hooi
Chairman:
Dr.Kamarudin bin Md. Isa
Secretary :
Dr. Aida Binti Muhid
Secretariat sub-committee
Hospitality & Social Sub-committee
Chairman – Dr.Aida binti Muhid
Chairman – Dr.Navanithakumar a/l Ballakrishnan
Members – Dr.Norhasliza binti Jafri
Prof. Madya Dr.Mohd Shahir Shamsir
Mrs.Rafidah binti Dato’ Mahat
Mrs.Hjh. Norlilah binti Karman
Mr.Mohd Talkah bin Othman
Mr.Md Shafee bin Sa’roni
Mrs.Hjh Habibah binti Abd Rahman
Mrs.Norita binti Daud
Mr.Mohamad bin Md Yusof
Mr.Sulaiman bin Salam
Mr.Rosidi bin Abu Bakar
Pn.Aida Deiyana binti Zakaria
Mrs.Normalawati binti Amid
Mrs.Nurfauzana binti Md Sheh
Miss Nor Arlina Amirah binti Ahmad Ghani
Mr. Misbah bin Lee Min
Members – Dr.Mohd Faiz bin Md Khair
Dr.Aidawani binti Abdul Latif
Dr.Chan Poh Soon
Mrs.Norhani binti Mohamed Rashid
Mr.Khairi bin Suradi
Mr.Mohd Razi bin Basar
Mr.Tee Thian See
Mr.Isaac Santhana Das
Mr.Khairul Azli bin Salleh
Mr.Razali bin Basir
Mrs.Faridah binti Md Esa
Mr.Mohammad Izwandi bin Muharrudin
Mr.Md Sunhazim bin Md Dasuki
Mr.Faizal bin Mohamed Roduan
Mrs.Zaidar binti Abu Bakar
Mr.Alvin bin Jefirin
Scientific sub-committee
Chairman – Dr.Sohayati binti Abd Rahman
Fund Raising & Exhibition Sub-committee
Chairman – Dr.Julaida binti Sulaiman
Members –
Dr. Rashidah binti Che Muda
Dr. Maizatul Azlina binti Abdul Mulok
Dr. Shahaza binti Othman
Dr. Norhamizah binti Abd Hamid
Dr. Norsharina Binti Arshat
Mrs. Nurzillah binti Maliki
Mrs. Norlindawati binti Abdul Pateh
Mr. Mohd Noor bin Ibrahim
Mr. Zaini bin Che Mamat
Mrs. Saudah binti Samad
Miss Nur Nadiah binti Hassan
Miss Nurilyana Binti Md. Taib
Mrs. Rasidah Binti Abd Lah
Mrs. Sh.Nurul Huda binti Syed Muhamad
Mr. Mohd Nizam bin Karim
Members – Dr.Siti Zubaidah binti Che Lem
Dr.Norazlina binti Md Noh
Dr.Irni Jasia binti Ibrahim
Dr.Siti Nurkhadijah binti Md Yunos
Miss. Javiyah binti Ab. Hamid
Mrs.Nor Dalilah binti Abd Rahman
Mr.Mohd Marzuki bin Mohamad
Mr.Hazari bin Ibrahim
Treasure & Finance Sub-committee
Chairman – Dr.Navanithakumar a/l Ballakrishnan
Members – Miss. Zaiton binti Abdullah
Mrs.Siti Zubaidah binti Barook
Mrs.Zalilah binti Abd Rahman
Mr.Mohd Fuad bin Sabtu
Internal Audit : En.Mahamad Chah Pari bin Mohamad Arif
6
PLENARY SPEAKER 1: Prof. Dr. Maketab Bin Mohamed
President of Malaysian Nature Society
SUMMARY OF BIODATA
PROF. DR. MAKETAB MOHAMED
Professor of Water Quality and Water Quality Modeling,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Educational Background
B. Sc. (Microbiology) University of Iowa (U.S.A.) 1981
M. Sc. (Environmental Health) University of Iowa (U.S.A.) 1983
Ph.D. (Watershed Science) Colorado State University (U.S.A.) 2000
Job Experience
Department of Environment, Malaysia (1984 – 1990)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (1990 – present)
Administrative Posts
Deputy Director, Institute of Environmental and Water Research Management (IPASA), UTM (2001 –
31 Aug. 2006)
Director of Occupational Safety, Health and the Environment (OSHE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (1
Sept. 2006 – present)
Research Interests
1. Water Quality and Water Quality Modeling
2. Non-Point Source (NPS) Pollution
3. Land Uses and Watershed Impacts
Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) and Other Appointments
President, Malaysian Nature Society (elected since 25 September 2010)
Member, Environmental Quality Council (EQC) (appointed by the Minister of NRE, 2012)
Expert Panel member for Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) (appointed by the DOE
since 2001)
7
HUMAN AND ANIMAL INTERACTION FOR A SUSTAINABLE FOOD
PRODUCTION
Prof. Dr. Maketab Mohamed
President
Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
Abstract
The human-animal interaction began from the hunter/gatherer period to the agrarian period to the
industrial period. Presently, the population growth, urbanization and income growth in developed
and developing countries are fuelling a substantial global increase in the demand for food of
animal origin, while also aggravating the competition between food crops and livestock. The
livestock revolution is stretching the capacity of existing production, but it is also exacerbating
environmental problems. Therefore, while it is necessary to satisfy consumer demand, improve
nutrition and direct income growth opportunities to those who need them most, it is also
necessary to alleviate environmental stress. Conventional agriculture is known to cause soil and
pasture degradation because it involves intensive tillage. Technologies and management schemes
that can enhance productivity need to be developed. At the same time, ways need to be found to
preserve the natural resource base. Within this framework, an integrated crop-livestock farming
system represents a key solution for enhancing livestock production and safeguarding the
environment through prudent and efficient resource use. The increasing pressure on land and the
growing demand for livestock products makes it more and more important to ensure the effective
use of feed resources, including crop residues.
8
PLENARY SPEAKER 2: Prof. Saul Tzipori
Tuft University, USA ,Phone :508-839-7955, Fax: 508-839-7977,Email:
[email protected]
SUMMARY OF BIODATA
PROF. SAUL TZIPORI
Distinguished Professor of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Agnes Varis University Chair
in Science and Society Chair, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health
Educational Background



FRCVS – Fellow Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, London – 1990
DSc – University of Melbourne, Australia – 1985
Ph.D – University of Queensland, Australia – 1970
General Research Interests
Enteric infections and host response: this includes viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens of
veterinary and medical importance causing acuate or chronic diarrhea in the immunocompetent
or the immunodeficient host.
9
PLENARY SPEAKER 3 : Verna M. Mitura
Canada's Southeast Asia Regional Agricultural Representative
SUMMARY OF BIODATA
Verna Mitura is presently Canada's Councillor (Agriculture & Food) and Regional Trade
Commissioner for Southeast Asia based at the High Commission of Canada to Singapore. Verna
moved to Singapore with her husband in July 2012 and has been active over the past year
working on behalf of the Canadian governments, and agri-food associations and companies.
Verna is the agri-food team lead of 8 trade commissioners at Canadian Embassies and High
Commissions across the ASEAN region. The past year has taken Verna to eight of the 10
ASEAN countries with a focus on the resolution of market access issues, market development,
and general advocacy. Verna has spent her lifetime in the agricultural industry. She grew up on a
family farm in Saskatchewan, a beautiful part of the Canadian Prairies, where her family grew
wheat and barley and had a 100 head cow-calf operation.
Verna attended the University of Saskatchewan's College of Agriculture obtaining a Bachelor of
Science in Agriculture and a Master of Science with a specialty in Agricultural Economics.
Following university, Verna worked 18 years in the private sector where she was employed for
12 years by Canada's largest agricultural cooperative, Saskatchewan Wheat Pool (today part of
Glencore) and for 6 years she was President and Senior Economist of Mitura Economic Research
Inc., an economic consulting company she founded in 1996. In 2002, Verna and her family
moved to the nation's capital of Ottawa, Ontario where she was employed for 7 years in the
Agriculture Division of Statistics Canada, and she worked for 3 years at Agriculture and Agrifood Canada in both the Strategic Policy Branch and the Market Access Secretariat. Verna is
married to Roman and they have two sons residing in Canada.
10
CANADA’S AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY & TRADE AND THE “ONE HEALTH”
FRAMEWORK
Verna M. Mitura
Canada's Southeast Asia Regional Agricultural Representative
Abstract:
Canada is one of the most trade dependent countries in the world. Canada was ranked as the
sixth-largest exporter and sixth-largest importer of agriculture and agri-food products globally in
2011, with exports of $40.3 billion and imports of $31.0 billion. Food and beverage processing is
one of the top manufacturing industries in Canada with one-third of Canadian agricultural
production being used as raw material inputs directly by the food processing industry. The
approximately 206,000 farms in Canada, averaging nearly 800 acres in size, and the farm
families that operate them, are the foundation of Canada's agri-food industry. The Canadian agrifood sector enhances jobs and economic growth — the third largest contributor to Canada's
Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Canada being the second largest country in the world, and a
relatively young country with a harsh climate, has learned the importance of working together -governments, farmers, manufacturers, service providers, academic institutions, consumers --- to
resolve problems and advance upon opportunities. However, the Canadian agri-food industry
has faced serious challenges over recent years; severe weather, plant and animal disease,
manufacturing issues, pricing impacts to name a few. The concept of "One Health" which
focuses itself on the multi-disciplinary issues that arise and impact upon human health, animal
health, the environment and the relationship among them has been adopted in various programs
in Canada. This presentation will aim to inform the Congress participants on Canada’s agri-food
industry and trade and to outline some of the unique programs which Canada's governments,
academic institutions, businesses, the farming community, and civil society have adopted to
assist in addressing the ultimate goals and objectives with respect to “One Health”.
11
25th VAM Congress Tentative Programme, 13 – 15 September 2013
LOTUS DESARU BEACH RESORT, KOTA TINGGI. JOHOR.MALAYSIA
Friday 13th September 2013
MITI Seminar : Malaysian Professionals in Global Arena
Venue : Ballroom, Lotus Desaru Beach Resort
Conference Registration
Venue : Entrance of Ballroom, Lotus Desaru Beach Resort
VAM Annual General Meeting
Venue : Lily 1,2&3
VAM Annual Dinner and Opening Ceremony
Venue : Ballroom, Lotus Desaru Beach Resort
9.00-12.00 pm
2.30-5.00 pm
4.00-5.30 pm
8.00-10.30 pm
Dinner and Opening Ceremony Programme
Venue : Ballroom
Date : 13th September 2013
8.00 pm
Arrival of guests and VIP
8.15 pm
Arrival of VVIP
8.20 pm
Bangsa Johor and Negaraku
JPVNJ Coir Group – Symbiosis and Earth Song
8.40 pm
Doa Recital
8.45 pm
Welcome Address by President of VAM
8.55 pm
Opening speech by Y.B. Tuan Haji Ismail bin Mohamed,
Chairman of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Committee, Johor
9.15 pm
Appreciation Awards
Dinner
Culture Performance
11.00 pm
End
12
25th VAM Congress Tentative Programme, 13 – 15 September 2013
SATURDAY 14TH SEPTEMBER 2013
VAM Scientific Conference Registration
8.00 - 8.30 am
VENUE
BALLROOM, LOTUS DESARU BEACH RESORT
Welcoming Remarks by Dr. Kamarudin bin Md.Isa
8.30 - 8.45 am
(Chairman, 25th VAM Congress 2013)
KEYNOTE : Symbiosis : Enhancing Animal, Human & Environmental Health
8.45 - 9.30 am
By Y.Bhg Datuk Dr. Abdul Aziz bin Jamaluddin
(Director General DVS)
PLENARY 1 : Animal & Environment Interaction For Sustainable Future Food Production
9.30 - 10.15 am
By Prof. Dr. Maketab bin Mohamed
(President of Malaysian Nature Society)
Tea Break / Poster Viewing Session
10.15 - 10.45 am
PLENARY 2 : Implementation of One Health Concept in Developing Country
10.45 - 11.30 am
By Prof. Saul Tzipori
(Tuft University, USA)
PLENARY 3 : Canada’s Agri-food Industry & Trade and the “One-Health” Framework
11.30 - 12.15 am
By Verna M. Mitura
(Canada’s Southeast Asia Regional Agricultural Representative)
12.15 - 1.00 pm
Lunch / Poster Viewing Session
2.15 - 4.00 pm
VENUE
Chairperson
BALLROOM
Veterinary Management
Dr. Maswati binti M.Amin
Feed Act 2009: Challenges in
Implementation
2.15 - 2.30 pm
Dato’ Dr.Quaza Nizamuddin
bin Hassan Nizam
Scientific Seminar Presentations
LILY ROOM
Public Health / Zoonotic
Prof. Dr. Saleh binti Abd.Aziz
Antimicrobial Suseceptibility of
Salmonella Enterica Serovar
Typhimurium from Poultry Meat
Samples Submitted to VRI from Year
2011 – 2012
JASMINE ROOM
Avian
Dr. Siti binti Arshad
Challenges and Strategies for
Sustaninable Poultry Production in
Johor
Dr. Kamarudin Md.Isa
Ms. Khoo Evie
13
SATURDAY 14TH SEPTEMBER 2013
2.15 - 4.00 pm
VENUE
Chairperson
2.30-2.45 pm
BALLROOM
Veterinary Management
Dr. Maswati binti M.Amin
Bogus Veterinarians and
Veterinary Practices in Malaysia
– What Are The Implication and
Solution?
LILY ROOM
Public Health / Zoonotic
Prof. Dr. Saleh binti Abd.Aziz
Larvicidal activity of garlic against
strongyle nematode parasites of goats
JASMINE ROOM
Avian
Dr. Siti binti Arshad
Use of Primary Quail Embryo
Fibroblast Cells for Propagation and
Assay of Avian Viruses
Mrs. Nurul Aini Raimy
Dr. Mayada F. Hasoon
Dr. Farina Mustaffa Kamal
Bringing Together Human and
Animal Health
2.45-3.00 pm
Dr. Harbans S. Dhalla
3.00-3.15 pm
A Novel Fusion
Peptide,RetroMAD1, Exhibits
Oral delivery Broad Spectrum
Antiviral Properties in a Number
of Animal Models
Mr. Ung Eng Huan
Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus
aureus Isolated from Animal Specimens
Mrs. Roseliza Roslee
Multi-drug Resistant Staphylococcus
aureus Isolated from Broiler Chickens
at Poultry Farms in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan
Ms. Farah Haziqah Meor Termizi
Spatial Mapping of Newcastle Disease
Incidence: A Case Study in Malaysia
for 2010-2012
Mr. Mohd. Masrin Azami
Dr. Erkihun Aklilu
Detection of Sarcocystis in Ruminanats
by Histopathology
3.15-3.30 pm
A Preliminary Study of Blastocystis sp.
Isolated from Chicken in Perak and
Selangor, Malaysia
Study of Possible Adverse Effect of
Effective Microorganism (EM) in
Commercial Broiler Chicken
Dr. Niny Fariza Junoh
Continuing Professional
Development (CPD)
3.30-3.45 pm
By Dr. Nadzariah Cheng
Abdullah
Preliminary Study of The Quality and
Safety of Beef from a Cattle-Oil Palm
Integration Plantation in Muadzam
Shah, Pahang
Mrs. Dahlia Harun
The Impact of 1 Azam Duck Layer
Program in Raising Income of the Poor
Rural in Sabah
Mr. Khong Kwai Weng
Ms. Khairunnisak Mohsin
Q Fever in Johor – A Case Report
3.45-4.00 pm
Conventional and Molecular Detection
of Newcastle Disease and Infectious
Bursal Disease in Chickens
Dr. Badrul Hisham Abd. Samad
Dr. Majed H. M.
Tea Break & Poster viewing Session
4.00-5.00 pm
Venue: Sunflower Room
Titbits and Entertainment
7.45-11.00 pm
Venue: Ballroom, Lotus Desaru Beach Resort
14
SUNDAY 15TH SEPTEMBER 2013
8.30 – 12.00 am
VENUE
Chairperson
BALLROOM
Walit Satellite Seminar
Dr. Nor Azlina Md. Noh
Application of CO2 Laser in Small
Animal Surgery
10.45-11.00 am
A Preliminary Study of Swiftlet
Ranchers’ Attiude Towards
Sustainable Swiftlet Ranching in
Johor
11.00-11.15 am
LILY ROOM
Wildlife / Equine / Small Animal
Dr. Tan Cheak Nam
Mr. Selvakkumar K. N. V.
Dr. Lee Yew Hong
Occurrence of Staphylococcus
pseudintermedius in Dogs and Cats
JASMINE ROOM
Ruminant / Animal Production
Dr. Azri Azhar
Efficiency of Culling Of Bovine
Brucellosis Seroreactors Between 2005
and 2008 in Peninsular Malaysia
Mr. Mukhtar Anka
Clinical Signs, Hemogram and
Clinical Biochemistry Profile of Goat
Experimentally Infected with
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Mr. M. A. Mohamed
Dr. Zurin-Azlin M. J.
11.15-11.30 am
Authenticity of Edible Bird Nest
and its Product
Dr. Tan Boon Siong
11.30-11.45 am
A Case of Pentastomes Cysts in Green
Burmese Python (Python Molurus
bivittatus)
Dairying Relation to Reproductive
Parameters of Cross-Bred Cows in
Bangladesh
Dr. Azizah Darus
Mr. M. Hemayatul Islam
An Update on The Veterinary Medical
Problems Encountered in Sugar Gliders
(Petaurus breviceps) in Malaysia
The Characteristics of Follicle and
Immature Oocyte Recovery Rate in a
Two Consecutives Days of
Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval in a
Beef Cows
Dr. S. Vellayan
Mrs. Azizah Amri
11.45 -12.00 pm
Forum on Prospective and
Future of Swiftlet Ranching in
Shoplot of Heritage Cities
(Malacca & Penang) and
Other Municipality
Chairman:
12.00-12.15 pm
Dr. Kamarudin Md. Isa
Panels:
12.15-12.30 pm
15
Dr. Mohd. Noor Hisham bin
Mohd Haron
Mr. Tan Swee Meng
Mr. Chen Joon Onn
Isolation and Identification of an
Endogenous Boid Retrovirus
Mrs. Roslina Hassan
Effects of Long Term Dietary
Supplementation of Soybean Oil and
Vitamin E on Reproductive Functions of
Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
Multiple Factors Causing Death in
Brucella-Positive Murrah and Nilli
Ravi Buffaloes
Dr. Maizatul Azlina Abd. Mulok
Presence of Parasite Larvae in Goat
Faeces for Use as Fertiliser
Dr. Basripuzi Hayyan
Mrs. Naseem Bibi Malik
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Rusa
Deer (Cervus timorensis) Spermatozoa
Dr. Mohammed Bakari Mahre
Efficacy of a Commercially Available
Vaccine against Caseous
Lymphadenitis in Goats
Miss Nur Adza Rina Mohd Nordi
12.30-1.15 pm
1.15 pm
16
Closing by VAM President &
Prize Giving for Oral & Poster Competitions Ceremony
Venue: Ballroom
Lunch
POSTER PRESENTATION TITLES
ZOONOTIC/ PUBLIC HEALTH
1. Leptospira Gene Analysis
W. Rosmaryana W. Musa, Tan C. G., Erkihun A. W., A. Rahman A., and Kalthum H.
2. Nipah Status in Malaysia from 2001 – 2012: Test by ELISA in Local Animals
Naama T., Mardianty Mariam C. K., Letchumi S., M. Riduan A. H., Yeoh N. N. and Ramlan
M.
3. Prevalence of Salmonella in Poultry Meat and Poultry Based Products from Veterinary Health
Mark (VHM) Food Processing Plants in Central Region of Peninsular Malaysia, 2010 to 2012
Marina A. R., Ismail M., Nurzia I., Kasmah S., M. Isa B. and Mohd Fharok Y.
4. Veterinary Drug Residues in Food of Animal Origin in Malaysia from 2010 to 2012
Marzura M. R., Marni S., and Eddy A. A.
AVIAN/ PIG
1. Analysis of Amino Acid Sequence of Newcastle Disease Local Isolates Based on
Haemagglutinin–Neuraminidase Gene
M. Redzwan S., Syamsiah A. S., Faizul Fikri M. Y., Leow B. L., Basirah M. A., Ong G. H., M.
Hasrul, Maizatul Z., Zunaida B., M. Jihan R. and Ramlan M.
2. Antiviral Effect of Neem Extract on Newcastle Disease Virus
Ong G. H., Syamsiah A. S., M. Hasrul A.H., Zunaida B., Maizatul Z., M. Jihan R., M.
Redzwan S., Leow B. L., Faizul F. M. Y., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
3. A preliminary study on fly species distribution at poultry farms in Johor
Norhamizah A. H., Navanithakumar B., Rasidah A., Hanafi H., Sohayati A. R., Aida M. and
Kamarudin M. I.
4. Comparative Study on In House Heamagglutination Inhibition (Hi) Test With Enzyme-Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in Detecting Antibody against Newcastle Disease Vaccine in
Commercial Chickens
Faizul F. M. Y., Syamsiah Aini S., Ong G. H., Leow B. L., Redzwan S., Basirah A., Hasrul A.
H., Zunaida B., Mazaitul Z. and Ramlan M.
5. Cytotoxicity Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Andrographis paniculata Against Vero and Chicken
Embryo Fibroblast Cells
Suriani M. N., Nurul Aida Ashyqin Z., Jamaliah H., Normah M., Goon S. C., Nor
Haliza S., Roslina H. and Iswadi M. I.
6. Isolation of Riemerella anatipestifer from an Outbreak in a Commercial Duck Layer Farm
Khoo L. L., M. Naheed M. H., Saiful N. and Rosnah Y.
17
7. Molecular and Biological Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Local Isolates from Perak
in 2012
Syamsiah A. S., Faizul F. M. Y, Ong G. H., Leow B. L., M. Redzuwan. S., Basirah M. A., M.
Hasrul A. H., Zunaida B., Mazaitul Z., M. Jihan R., and Ramlan M.
8. Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease from a Sample Submitted to VRI
Leow B. L., Syamsiah Aini S., Ong G. H., Faizul F., M. Redzwan, Basirah A., Hasrul M.,
Maizatul Z., Zunaida B., Jihan M. and Ramlan M.
9. Serological Status of Classical Swine Fever (CSF) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory
Syndrome (PRRS) in Two Farms in Selangor Using IDEXX® ELISA
Woon Ning Xian, Siti Suri A. and Ooi Peck Toung
10. Study on the Stability of Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine 9050/93 Strain in Two Different
Types of Diluent
Iswadi M. I., Suriani M. N., Normah M., Nor Haliza S., Goon S. C., Jamaliah H.,
Shajarutulwardah M. Y. and Roslina H.
WILDLIFE/EQUINE/SMALL ANIMALS
1. Acute Toxicity Study of Zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet Rhizomes in BALB/c Mice Model
Heshu S. R., Rasedee A., A. Bustamam A., Hemn Hassan O., Zeenathul Nazariah A. and
Nozlina A. S.
2. Histology of Gastrointestinal Tract of Wild Shortfin Eel, (Anguilla bicolor bicolour McClelland,
1844) captured at Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Shaqinah, N. N., Hassan, M. D., Zamri-Saad, M., Amal, M. N. A., Ismail, A. and Zulkifli, S. Z.
3. Pathogens Isolated from Pet Dogs and Cats Presented for Treatment at DVS Perak Clinic from
January to December 2012
Norashikin M. S., Nurul Fatiha A. S.,Roslina H., Naama T., Roseliza R., Erwanas Asmar I.,
Norazura A. H., Chin S. W., Zainab Z., Mazlan L., Surayani A. R., Aminah Kadariah A. L.,
Azmaliza A. A., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
4. Serodiagnosis of Dourine (Trypanosoma equiperdum) from Imported Horses in Malaysia
Chin S. W., Premaalatha B., Norazura A. H., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
RUMINANT/ ANIMAL PRODUCTION
1. A Case Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma In An Ewe
Al-Sultan I. I., M. Azam Khan G., S. Jasni and A. Rahman A.
2. Brucellosis and Leptospirosis in Cattle From Abattoirs in Perak
Naim M. S., Fazly Ann Z. W. N. Maziah W. O. B., Geethamalar S. and Ramlan M.
3. Effect of Gesta 110 Supplementation on Performance of Gestating Sows in Northern Luzon
Farm, Philippines
Amelita Galban, Eduardo Tuason and Ray Saniana
18
4. Development of a PCR Technique for Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex
(MTC) from Milk and Organs
M. Azlan J., Ho R. F., Tan T. L., Noorasyikin A., Shahidayani S., Norfaizah A. H. and Akma
N. H.
5. Improved Detection of Brucella melitensis in Milk by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Nafizah M., Roseliza R., Nurizzati H., Khoo E., Naheed M. H., Khoo L. L., Rosna D., Rosnah
Y., Saifu Nazri R. and Ramlan M.
6. Milk Composition and Quality of Dairy Cattle in Perak in 2012
Lily Suhaida M . S., Noor Akmi M. N., Bohari J., Najamuddin M. Y. and Ramlan M.
7. Occurrence of Campylobacter Species in Cattle
Wint Wint Aung, Saleha A. A, Zunita, Z., and Murugaiyah M.
8. Preliminary Report on Serodiagnosis of Anaplasmosis in Local Cattle in Malaysia
Premaalatha B., Zaini C. M., Samantha P. C. Y., Chandrawathani P., Zaryshariman Y., Chin
S. W. and Ramlan M.
9. Preliminary Study on Methane Production of Biogas from Dairy Farm in Semenyih
Tan T. L., Roslan M. Y., Nurul Aini, Syeh Hussein S. A. and Akma N. H.
10. Prevalence of Sarcocystosis in Large Ruminant in Perak
Fazly Ann Z. A., M. Syamsul Naim N. A., Niny Fariza J., Wan Normaziah W. O. B.,
Geethamalar S., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
11. Progesterone Profile of Dorper Sheep under Intensive and Semi Intensive Management System
Jasmi Y., B. Habsah T. A and Tg Fatihah Maisara
12. Seroprevalence Study of CLA in Malaysia Using Indirect ELISA Technique
Letchumi S., Naama T., Mardianty Mariam C. K., Mohd Riduan A. H. and Yeoh N. N.
13. Severe Anthelmintic Resistance in Two Free Grazing Smallholder Goat Farms in Malaysia
Chandrawathani P., Premaalatha B., Nurulaini R., Erwanas A. I., Zaini C. M., Aizan M. and
Ramlan M.
14. Status of Brucellosis and Melioidosis in Small Ruminant Farm from Different District of Perak
Norazura A. H., M. Bohari J., Ainani A., Fazly Ann Z., Norhafiza H, Azfarina Z., Lily Rozita
M. H., Abdul Sukor S., Roshaslinda D., Chin S. W., Zainab Z., Mazlan L., Aminah Kadariah
A. L., Surayani A. R., A. R., Azmaliza A. and Nor Ashikin S.
15. Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Livestock Specimens Submitted in VRI from Year 2008 to
2012
Thenamutha M., Naheed M.H., Roseliza R., Hasnah Y. and Ramlan M.
16. The Effects of Nutrition on Clinical Biochemistry Parameters in Small Ruminants in Perak
M. Bohari J., Lily Suhaida M. S., Norazura A. H., Najamuddin Y., Adnan M., Mohd Mustafa
A. H., Zuraidah A., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
19
SWIFTLET
1. Composition of Minerals and Trace Elements Contents of Raw Unclean and Raw Clean Edible
Bird Nest (EBN) Analyzed Using ICP-MS
Norakmar I., Roosnoor F. H., Izwan I., Nor Azlina J., and Faridah I.
2. Protein and Amino Acid Profiles in Edible Bird’s Nests from South and East Coast Malaysia
Wan Syahidah H., Normah M. and Tony Albert.
3. Rapid and Non-Destructive Screening Method for Pure Malaysian Swiflet’s Nest and Its Potential
Adulterants Using Handheld FTIR
Ketty G. S. L., Roosnoor, F. H., and Faridah, I.
4. Ultrastructure of the Salivary Glands of White Edible Bird’s Nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus
fuciphagus)
Helen M, Intan-Shameha A. R, Kamarudin M. I and Zuki A. B. Z
OTHERS
1. Adoption of Mobile Devices for Data Collection in the Johor Department of Veterinary Services
Nor Arlina Amirah A. G., M. Shahir Shamsir O., Chew Teong Han, Kamarudin M. I.
2. Production of Rabbit Anti-Goat IgG Horse Radish Peroxidase Secondary Polyclonal Antibody for
the Use in Biochemical Assay
Yeoh N. N., Ramlan M., Lily Suhaida M. S., Tan S. C. and Chan S. H.
3. Storage Stability Study of NDV Vaccine
Basirah M. A., Faizul F. M. Y., Syamsiah A. S., Leow B. L., M. Redzwan S., Ong G. H.,
Maizaitul Z., M. Jihan R., M. Hasrul A. H., Zunaida B. and Ramlan M.
4. The Study of Selected VRI Bacterial Vaccine Products with Local Vaccination Programme in
2006 to 2012
M. Azrul Nizam J., A. Shukri A., Azizah D., A. Sukor S., Rohani S., M. A. Rani M. O., Norliza
W. and Rohayu M. N.
5. Vector Fly Trapping: A Control Option in Farms with Fly Menace
Erwanas A. I., Jamnah O., M. Masrin A., M. Hasril M. J, Premaalatha B., Zaini C. M., Lily
Rozita M. H., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
20
ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF Salmonella enterica SEROVAR
TYPHIMURIUM FROM POULTRY MEAT SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO VRI FROM
YEAR 2011 TO 2012
Khoo E., Roseliza R., Hasnah Y., Rosnah Y., Naheed M. H. and Ramlan M.
Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
This report is on the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium
from poultry meat samples submitted to Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) from year 2011 to
2012. A total of 12 Salmonella typhimurium isolated from poultry meat samples in year 2011
and 20 isolates in year 2012 were tested for resistance against 12 different antimicrobial agents.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested using the disk diffusion technique with
commercially available antibiotic discs on Mueller-Hinton agar according to the standards of
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2007). Ten isolates (83.33%) in year 2011
and 14 isolates (70.00%) in year 2012 showed multidrug resistance. there is one Salmonella
typhimurium isolate from year 2012 that shows 100% resistant to all the antibiotics used. For
Salmonella typhimurium isolates from year 2011 to 2012, the most common profile of multiple
antimicrobial resistant was to sulphamethoxazole, sulphonamides and tetracycline.
LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF GARLIC AGAINST STRONGYLE NEMATODE
PARASITES OF GOATS
1,2
Nurulaini R. 1Nik Ahmad Irwan, N.H., 1Hamdan,A., 2Premaalatha B., 2Erwanas A.I.,
2
Lily Rozita, M. H., 2Zaini , C. M., 2Jamnah, O., and 2Chandrawathani P.
1
School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
2
Abstract
The livestock industry is an important contributor in the government Economic Transformation
Programme (ETP) under the agriculture sector to ensure national food security. Important
diseases affecting small ruminant industry is infectious diseases such as pneumonia and
gastrointestinal helminth infestation which causes mortality and morbidity. Strongylosis caused
mainly by Haemonchus contortus, was highly significant, especially in weaners. Due to
21
anthelmintic resistance, many studies have been conducted on medicinal plants usage in animals
(in vivo) which is very costly and time consuming. Therefore, this study was conducted to
investigate in vitro larvicidal effect of fresh aqueous and methanolic extract of garlic bulb against
strongyle larvae third stage (L3) of goats. In this study, in vitro larvae migration inhibition assay
was conducted where larvae were incubated with garlic extracts at different concentrations of 5,
10, 20 and 40 mg/ml. For the control, larvae were incubated using distilled water and levamisole.
Results showed that aqueous and methanolic extract of garlic were unable to inhibit the
migration of third stage larvae. This might suggest that the concentrations used in this study were
too low to affect the migration of the larvae. Further studies will be conducted at higher
concentration of garlic extract and also to determine the efficacy in experimental animals.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN Staphylococcus aureus ISOLATED FROM ANIMAL
SPECIMENS
Roseliza R., Naheed M. H., Khoo L. L., Khoo E., Nafizah M., Rosnah Y., Saifu Nazri R.
and Ramlan M.
Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak.
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunistic pathogen in various species. It has been a
leading cause of both skin and invasive infections in humans and animals. The aim of this study
was to determine the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from animal specimens
submitted to VRI for diagnosis. A total of 32 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested against
12 antibiotics by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to standard protocols.
46.8% of the isolates were resistant to at least one type of antibiotic, while 53.2% were
susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Most Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dog were highly
resistant to amoxycilin, while isolates from bovine and caprine highly resistant to kanamycin and
tetracycline respectively. Two isolates from bovine and caprine origin showed resistance to more
than 8 antibiotics. This finding revealed that resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus in animal
specimens was considerably moderate. Therefore, further and comprehensive study is necessary
to be done to determine the prevalence of multidrug strains resistance in animals.
22
MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus ISOLATED FROM BROILER
CHICKENS AT POULTRY FARMS IN KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN
Erkihun Aklilu, Tang Siew Ching, A. Rahman A., Tan Ching Giap, M. Mokhtar A.,
Kalthum H., Jasni S., Than Kyaw, Nur Hardy A. D., Aung Tung Khaing, Basripuzi Nurul
Hayan H. B. and Nur Eliyana M. R.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag 36,
16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistant bacteria have been of a serious public health concern for decades. Despite
the continuous efforts to control and prevent antimicrobial resistance, some species of bacteria
remained problematic and were proved to update their antimicrobial resistance profile from time
to time. The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in
food animals has been attributed to the irrational use of antimicrobials in commercial animal
productions. Hence, the presence and increasing reports of multi-drug resistant bacterial
pathogens from food animals poses potential public health risks. In this study, cloacal swab
samples were collected from 60 chickens and 50 environmental samples in the premises of two
farms in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Isolation and identification using selective media, Brilliance
MRSA2 agar and results from antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed that 13.33% (8/60) and
12% (6/50) of the samples from cloacal swabs and environemental surfaces respectiveley, were
methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This finding is important and possibly implies the risks
of transmission and spread of MRSA to human through handling of contaminated poultry meat.
Further investigation is, however, required to access the degree of possible risks of transmission
of the bacteria from chicken meat to humans and vice versa.
23
DETECTION OF SARCOCYSTIS IN RUMINANTS BY HISTOPATHOLOGY
Niny Fariza J., Norazian A. B., Ali S., Fazly Ann Z. A., and Chandrawathani P.
Abstract
The parasites of genus Sarcocystis are among the most commonly found parasites in domestic
ruminants and some species of Sarcocystis can bring significant economic loss when causing
clinical and subclinical disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of
Sarcocystis histologically in samples received by the Veterinary Research Institute (VRI). A total
of 250 Disease Investigation cases of ruminants (142 cattle, 96 goat, 6 sheep and 3 buffaloes
respectively) were received in 2012. The prevalence of Sarcocystis unspecified species cysts
were detected in 33.8% cases of cattle, 24.0% in goat, 22.2% in sheep and no positive case in
buffaloes. All of the positive cases were from the heart muscle.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE QUALITY AND SAFETY OF BEEF FROM A
CATTLE-OIL PALM INTEGRATION PLANTATION IN MUADZAM SHAH, PAHANG
Khairunnisak M., Faridah I., Norakmar I. and Izwan I.
Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services,
Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900 Sepang Selangor
Correspondence author: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
This study evaluated the quality and safety of beef from one of the cattle-oil palm integration
plantation in Muadzam Shah, Pahang, Malaysia. The quality parameters of beef studied were
proximate composition, cholesterol and mineral contents, whereas the safety parameters included
the pesticide, veterinary drug (antibiotic) residues and heavy metal levels. The proximate
composition analyses were that of moisture, ash, protein and fat, have been carried out by
conventional oven drying, high temperature ashing, Kjehdal and Soxhlet method, respectively.
Cholesterol content was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),
pesticide residues by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and antibiotic
residues by six-plate test. Mineral contents and heavy metal levels were screened by inductively
coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results showed that the moisture content of beef
was 76.53± 2.22%, ash 1.49 ± 0.94%, crude protein 20.54 ± 4.40%, crude fat 3.85± 2.69% and
cholesterol 44.95 ± 9.75 mg/100g. Some of the high mineral contents were potassium, sodium,
24
magnesium, phosphorus and zinc. Samples were also found to be negative from residues of 20
pesticides, six antibiotics and six heavy metals. The preliminary study suggests that the quality
and safety of beef from the respective cattle-oil palm integration plantation is at par to that of
other rearing systems and is also safe for consumption.
Q FEVER IN JOHOR – A CASE REPORT
1
Badrul Hisham A. S., 2Kan Foong Kee, 2Masliza Z., 3M.. Ghazali S.
1
Communicable Disease Control (CDC) Unit,
Public Health Division, Johor State Health Department
2
Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru
3
CDC Unit, Johor Bahru Health Office
Abstract
Query or Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetti, an intracellular bacterium
previously grouped along with rickettsiea. Humans acquire the infection mainly through
inhalation of contaminated birth fluid or dust from excreta of primarily cattle, sheep or goat
infected with C. burnetti. Q fever can cause acute or chronic illness in humans who are
considered to be the dead end hosts. Chronic Q fever may cause endocarditis (an inflammation of
the inner layer of the heart) which is fatal. Nonetheless, most human Q fever cases are
asymptomatic. Q fever is an occupational disease among those whose work involves direct
contact with animals, such as abattoir workers, veterinarians and farmers. We reported the first
human Q fever case detected in Johor whose onset of symptoms appeared about a month after
handling sick cattles at his family farm.
25
AVIAN
CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE POULTRY PRODUCTION
IN JOHOR
Kamarudin M. I., Aida M., B. Navanithakumar and Yacoub Y.
Department of Veterinary Services, 79630 Nusajaya, Johor
Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
There are 838 poultry farms in Johor, of which 77.8%, 7.52% and 4.42% are broilers, layers and
breeders, while the rest (10.26%) are other birds including ducks. Total production capacity of
broiler farms is 40,195,751 birds per cycle (mean=61,650 birds per farm. With 5.8 cycles, full
capacity production per annum is about 233 million. Based on per capita consumption of 35.6 kg
and population of 3.4 million, total broilers consumed in Johor is 60,520, 000 birds (26.3%)
annually. The surplus (172,480,000 million) is exported to Singapore (17.5%) and other states
(56.5%) of Malaysia. The figures show how important of poultry production in Johor. However,
the last few years saw a rapid expansion of urbanization which also encroach poultry farm areas.
Consequently, some of poultry farms which use to be isolated are now in new township and
residential areas. Deficient in farm infrastructure and management practices is magnified and
some reaches non tolerable nuisances (smell and fly problems) by surrounding residences.
Unfortunately, some of such farmers are ignoring the issue. This is a risk to sustainability of the
farms to continue poultry production. Farmers must transform in order to survive. Old and poorly
maintained farms infrastructures must be upgraded or replaced. Good animal husbandry practices
which include good manure management must be in place. Implementation of poultry farms
grading system is a strategic initiative by the Johor State Department of Veterinary Services to
improve infra-structure and farm practices must be accepted by the farmers. Only then, the
sustainable risks can be removed. An environment and social friendly farms is the future of
poultry industry in Johor.
26
USE OF PRIMARY QUAIL EMBRYO FIBROBLAST CELLS FOR PROPAGATION
AND ASSAY OF AVIAN VIRUSES
1
Mayada F. Hasoon, 2Majed H. Mohammed and 1Jaladet Jubrail
1
Scientific Research Center, Faculty of Science, University of Duhok,
Zanko St. Duhok City, Kurdistan-Iraq
2
Veterinary Medicine College, Baghdad University, Baghdad-Abu Graib, Iraq
Abstract
A primary fibroblast cells from embryos of brown quail (Coturnix ypsilophora), has been
established and partially characterized. The cells were maintained in Modified Eagle’s medium
(MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were able to grow at temperature
between 35 and 38 °C with optimum temperature of 37 °C. The growth rate of primary quail
fibroblast cells increased as the FBS proportion increased from 5% to 20% at 37 °C with
optimum growth at the concentrations of 10% or 15% FBS. The total chromosome number of a
diploid cell was 78 According to karyotyping and chromosome analysis. Two avian viruses were
tested on this primary cell line to determine its susceptibility to these viruses and this was found
to be susceptible to Newcastle virus and Infectious Bronchitis virus, and the infection was
confirmed by CPE and PFU forming. This suggests that the quail primary cells can be used for
the isolation of various avian viruses but needs for further steps of infectivity confirmation.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF BLASTOCYSTIS SP. ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN IN
PERAK AND SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
1
Farah Haziqah M. T., 2Chandrawathani P., 1Mohd Zain S. N., 3Suresh Kumar G.,
3
Hemalatha C. and 2Premaalatha B.
1
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
2
Veterinary Research Institutes, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400, Ipoh, Perak
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur
Abstract
Blastocystis is considered to be a zoonosis and it is believed that animals such as chicken
constitute large reservoirs for human infection via the faecal-oral route. Therefore, Blastocystis
infection was surveyed in free-range chicken and cage-reared chicken consisting of domestic
chicken for consumption as well jungle fowls kept for hobby. Fresh faecal samples collected
were examined by wet smear preparation and were cultured in Jones medium supplemented with
10% horse serum. Out of ninety chickens, it was found that most of the free-range chicken was
positive for Blastocystis sp. with a high prevalence rate of 80-100% in village chicken, jungle
fowl and white silkie chicken. However, the cage-reared chicken, consisting of broiler chicken
27
had no infection. The vacuolar or vacuolated form was the most common Blastocystis cell form
found in cultures, similar to B. hominis. These cells were usually spherical and vary greatly in
size, ranging from 10µm to 30µm in diameter. Owing to the free ranging and scavenging habits,
the likelihood of acquiring the infection from environment contaminated with the faecal material
of animals with Blastocystis is high in free-range chicken as compared to caged chicken.
SPATIAL MAPPING OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE INCIDENCE:
A CASE STUDY IN MALAYSIA FOR 2010 TO 2012
1
Masrin A., 1Leow B. L., 1Syamsiah Aini S., 1Faizul Fikri M. Y., 2Fakhrulisham R., 2Sharil
A. M. Z. and 1Ramlan M.
Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
²Research Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya
Abstract
This study examines the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) and describes the
distribution of the positive Newcastle Disease (ND) cases location/foci in Malaysia within the 3
years period from 2010 to 2012 as reported at the Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, and Perak.
ND cases peaked in 2011 with 97 positive cases from various states which comprises of 89%
positive cases in chicken followed by 6% in duck and 4% in pigeon. Most of the cases reported
were from Johor, which had 25 cases of positive ND and interestingly, the location of these cases
were within the 20 kilometres radius from Johor Baharu city. The mapping approach provides a
clear visual description on the distribution of the disease incidence in specific areas. It also could
be used in the future for ND surveillance because of the ability to provide a baseline pattern of
distribution and identifying possible disease clusters in the monitoring process carried out
currently in VRI.
STUDY OF POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECT OF EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM (EM)
IN COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKEN
Dahlia H., Tan L. J., Zarrahimah Z., Harnita E., and Norliyana M. R.
Abstract
Effective microbes are commonly used as probiotic in livestock animals. A study was conducted
to investigate any adverse effect for the use of EM product in the commercial broiler chicken in
28
relation to food safety. EM product obtained from local supplier was fermented for 14 days.
Forty commercial broiler chicken obtained from local hatchery were divided into two (2) groups;
treatment and non-treatment group. The treatment group was given fermented EM product on
daily basis ad libitum and both groups were reared until 42 days. Weekly body weight and total
lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count from meat of both groups were recorded. The results showed
live body weight for the birds from treatment group were significantly higher compared to nontreatment group at day-42 (p< 0.05). LAB counts from meat demonstrate a fluctuation pattern at
day 23, 30 and 42 p-treatment. Isolation of LAB from the meat revealed only “Generally
Recognised As Safe” (GRAS) bacteria. Therefore, this study showed that the EM product tested
has no possible adverse effect against broiler chicken.
THE IMPACT OF 1 AZAM DUCK LAYER PROGRAM IN RAISING INCOME OF THE
RURAL POOR IN SABAH
Khong Kwai Weng and Yap Fook Fong
Department of Veterinary Services and Animal Industry, Sabah
Abstract
This paper reports the contribution of the Department of Veterinary Services and Animal
Industry, Sabah’s 1Azam Duck layer program (1ADLP) in reducing rural poverty between20102011. The impact on poverty reduction was based on duck egg production. This study provides
evidence that the 1ADLP has contributed in improving the income of the rural poor in Sabah.
The variable income before the implementation of the duck layer program was between RM70 to
RM 600 and RM 650.0 to RM 750.0 per month for the hardcore poor (Group1) and the ordinary
poor (Group2) respectively. The total average monthly income in Group1 increased from RM 70
to RM 1,198.70 whiles those in Group2 from RM 861.90 to RM 1,313.70.
29
CONVENTIONAL AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE
AND INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE IN CHICKENS
1, 2
Majed H. Mohammed and 3Mauida F. Hasoon
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Iraq
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
3
Scientific Research Centre, Faculity of Science, Duhok University
2
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to compare different diagnostic procedures for the detection of
Newcastle disease and Infectious bursal disease in broilers and layers (during the period from
March 2011 to February 2012 in the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and
Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad .A total of 187 sick and dead
chickens (63 broilers and 124 layers) of different ages (1 week to >15 weeks) were collected
from 12 selective poultry farms (4 broilers and 8 layers). Clinically, 7 (14.89%) of 63 affected
broiler and 27 (30.68%) of 124 affected layer chickens were diagnosed as Newcastle disease
(ND) whereas, 11 (23.4%) of 63 affected broiler and 6 (4.82%) of the 124 affected layer birds
were diagnosed as IBD on the basis of clinical history, clinical signs and postmortem findings.
Virus isolation from field samples was performed by inoculating each suspected sample into 10day-old chicken embryos. Out of 34 ND suspected field samples, 26 (5 broilers and 21 layers)
were positive for NDV isolation and 11 (8 broilers and 3 layers) of 17 IBD suspected field
samples, were positive for IBDV isolation. For confirmatory diagnosis, virus detection was
confirmed by serological tests (HI and AGID) and RT-PCR assay. Out of 34 clinically diagnosed
ND field samples, 20 (5 broiler and 15 layer) were positive by RT-PCR assay and 15 (10 broiler
and 5 layer) of 17 IBD suspected field samples, were positive by both AGIDT and RT-PCR
assay. Of the 26 HA positive NDV suspected AF, 19 (4 broilers and 15 layers) were positive by
both HI and RT-PCR assay whereas, 10 (7 broilers and 3 layers) of 11 IBDV isolation positive
tissue suspension were positive by both AGIDT and RT-PCR assay in the laboratory. Therefore,
it may be concluded that serological (HI and AGIDT) and molecular (RT-PCR) techniques
which allow rapid identification of most of samples are the reliable, sensitive, specific and more
accurate methods to detect the viruses for the confirmatory diagnosis of diseases.
30
A TALE OF 2 NOSES: THE CUTANEOUS LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Han Hock Siew
Han Veterinary Surgery50 JLN Molek 2/2, TMN Molek, 81100 Johor Bahru, Johor .
Abstract
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease induced from excessive UV light
exposure leading to the loss of cobblestone appearence and concurrent erosion and ulceration of
the nose. Subsequent infection sets in which may complicate the diagnosis and the management
of the disease. Dermatopathology is very useful in giving a diagnosis that is cheap (compared to
other diagnostic methods), quick and reliable under the trained eye. Management of the disease
entails a mixture of topical immunosupressive and oral immunomodulatory drug. Treatment
options vary from conservative to aggressive systemic immunosuppression and each patient
should be tailored for specifically. This disease is easily managed and prognosis is good. This
report describes the cases of two dogs that were presented to the practice separately for routine
annual vaccination and had the clinical signs suggesting the disease.
TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN EQUIDS
1
Shahaza O., 2Donny Yawah, 1Siti Norohani Z., 3Jamaliah S., 1Maizatul Azlina A.M.,
4
Norhamizah H. and 1Marliah A.
1
Institut Veterinar Malaysia, KM.13, Jalan Batu Pahat, 86000, Kluang, Johor
Bahagian Konservasi Ex-situ, Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar & Taman Negara,
KM. 10, Jalan Cheras, 51000, Kuala Lumpur
3
Seksyen Epidemiologi dan Survelan, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya
4
Makmal Veterinar Kawasan Johor Bahru, Department of Veterinary Services, Johor
2
Abstract
Trypanosomiasis listed by The Office International Epizooties (OIE) as disease of significance in
horses. In Malaysia, trypanosomiasis that involved equids was last reported in 1996.
Trypanosoma sp. was detected by the Laboratory Section of the Institut Veterinar Malaysia in
blood samples received from the period of November 2011 to January 2012. Five and four out of
the 20 samples examined were found positive with Trypanosoma sp after stained thick blood
smear and mice inoculation method were applied, respectively. Eight out of nine equids that
were diagnosed positive with trypanosomiasis died in epidemic that spanned four months. Two
31
horses, five crossed ponies and a donkey showed progressive anemia, loss of condition,
depression followed by progressing incoordination, hindlimb paresis, recumbency followed by
death. Gross pathology was nonspecific. This outbreak represents the first report of mass
mortality in captive equid in Malaysia in the past 16 years.
AETIOPATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASE IN CATS PRESENTED
AT VLSU-UPM (2008-2012)
3
Noraini A., 1Gurmeet Kaur D., 1Bee Lee Ong, 1Puteri Azaziah M. A. R.
and 2Noordin M. M.
1
Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia
3
Global Pets Veterinary Clinic and Surgery
2
Abstract
Kidney disease is one of the common diseases in cats. This retrospective study identified kidney
disease in cats submitted for post-mortem to VLSU-UPM in between 2008 to 2012. The
objectives were to determine the prevalence of kidney disease in cats submitted for post-mortem,
the prevalence of infectious and non-infectious causes of kidney disease, the pathologic process
and possible causes. Results were based on histopathological examination of kidney sections. A
total of 230 cats were submitted to VLSU-UPM for post-mortem examination; 180 cats had their
kidneys sampled for histopathological examination and 155 of these cats had kidney lesions. The
study showed the overall prevalence of kidney disease in this population of cats was 86%; 70%
due to infectious causes, 30% due to non-infectious causes. Of these, 84% had evidence of a
chronic disease process and 16% for an acute disease process. Twenty-nine cats had kidney
lesions suggestive of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and 15 cats had cystic lesions, suggestive
of polycystic kidney disease (PKD).
LOW PREVALENCE OF DIROFILARIA IMMITIS IN DOGS IN JOHOR BAHRU,
MALAYSIA AS A REFLECTION OF VECTOR AVAILABILITY?
1
1
Ng K. L., 2Lee E. L. and 1Sani R. A.
Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.
2
Global Pets Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Johor, Malaysia
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the low prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in
Johor Bahru as reported by veterinary practitioners, using wet blood mount, Knott's
Concentration Test and two heartworm antigen test kits (IDEXX Canine SNAP® 4Dx and
32
RapiGEN®). This study also compared the two test kits used and determined the microfilaria
species. Blood were collected from 100 owned dogs and 50 stray dogs in Johor Bahru via
cephalic venipuncture. A thick blood smear was done and examined for samples that were
positive for microfilaria species identification. The overall prevalence of D. immitis in dogs in
Johor Bahru was 1.33% (2/150) and the microfilaria identified was D. immitis. The prevalence
of heartworm in owned and stray dogs in this study was 1% and 2% respectively. With only one
false negative result from RapiGEN® test kit, comparing the sensitivity between the two test kits
could not be achieved. The low prevalence of D. immitis found in this study confirmed anecdotal
evidence that prevalence of dirofilariasis is indeed low in Johor Bahru. Additionally, we
speculate that dirofilariasis in dogs might be considered as an indicator of vector availability.
DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER AND ARCOBACTER SPECIES IN DOGS AND
CATS
Goni D. M., Saleha A. A., Zunita Z., and G. K. Dhaliwal
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Abstract
Campylobacter are considered one of the most common causes of gastro-enteritis and are of
public health concern whereas Arcobacter are emerging foodborne pathogen. The objective of
the study was to detect the presence of these organisms in pets and stray dogs and cats. Swabs
samples were taken from forty (40) dogs and cats owned by different individuals who were
presented at the University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), UPM and stray dogs (61) and cats (46)
from an animal shelter. Suspected colonies of the two organisms were subjected to gram
staining, motility, observation and biochemical tests (Catalase, oxidase, hippurate hydrolysis and
indoxyl acetatete hydrolysis tests). Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) was employed
for the confirmation of the suspected isolates. Arcobacter butzleri is the only species isolated.
Work is ongoing to confirm and speciate the suspected isolates of Campylobacter. Preliminary
results showed carriage rate of 32.6% (15/46) and 12.5% (5/40) of Campylobacter in stray and
pet cats respectively, while Arcobacter was detected in 34.8% (16/46) and 45% (18/40) stray and
pet cats respectively. Campylobacter was detected in stray dogs at 16.3% (10/61) and
Arcobacter at 50% (31/61).
33
SPCA A.R.E. ECO-CENTRE:
THE GAME CHANGER MAKING THE MOVE FROM REACTION TO ACTION
Lorna Fisher
SPCA Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
After 60 years of service to animal welfare in Selangor the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals (SPCA) has made a conscious decision to change the game with the first dedicated
Adoption, Rehabilitation and Education (ARE) Eco-Centre under construction in Kuala Lumpur.
We know that the problems of unwanted animals are not just going to go away and we are
determined to move our forces and resources with a proactive approach, looking at problem
solving rather than 'fire fighting'. Through strong Mission-help strategies, working on animal
birth control initiatives, education services and community support projects we are taking SPCA
on the road and out into the community. Working towards our ultimate vision of an animal
caring culture, with no strays, no pet without a loving home. Working closely with the DVS,
Veterinarian Clinics, local councils, pet shops and the diverse community of animal lovers we
believe that many hands working actively toward the same goal can and will make a significant
difference to raising the standard of animal welfare in Malaysia.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF TOP TWENTY ENDURANCE HORSES IN
SULTAN MIZAN CUP IN RELATION TO THEIR DECONDITIONING PERIOD
Noraniza M. A., M. Naguib R., Noorashimah R., Dayang Nurhaizum A. K., Syahirah A. A.,
Ismasyahir A. R. and Bashir A. F. M.
Department of Farm & Exotic Animal Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Horse endurance races are held almost every 2 months throughout the year with the average of
fifty participants in every race. Performances of the top twenty horses in the Sultan Mizan Cup
(SMC) were evaluated to justify the adequacy of deconditioning period prior to the event.
Assessment was made based on the status and the average speed of each horse with completion.
Out of the top 20 horses, only 11 (55 %) horses completed the 120-km race with the average
speed between 12.6 to 19.06 kmh-1. Thirteen (65 %) horses did not participate in previous
endurance race, which was held during day-time, 3 weeks prior to SMC. Only 2 (18 %) horses
participated in previous endurance race managed to complete the 120-km SMC race, while the
rest were eliminated from the race due to lameness and metabolic ailments. It is suggested that
most horses were not at their best level of performance in SMC. This strongly indicates that 3weeks de-conditioning period after a strenuous endurance race held during the day under hot
34
humid climate is inadequate for most horses to recover from musculoskeletal injuries and
electrolyte losses due to profuse sweating.
APPLICATION OF CO2 LASER IN SMALL ANIMAL SURGERY
Y. H. Lee and H. Y. Sing
JB Animal Medical Clinic, 47, Jalan Putra 1, Taman Sri Putra, Kempas, 81200, Johor Bahru
Abstract
Surgical CO2 lasers has been deploy in many uses of veterinary medicine. Major advances of the
development of CO2 laser has been incooperated in surgery and routinely used for skin biopsy,
ovariohysterectomy, castration, tumour removal, cystotomy and more. In addition, the
advantages of the laser allow general practitioner to perform procedure in their own practice,
such as soft palate resection and anal sacculectomy that were previously referred to qualified
surgeon. Application of laser procedure, safety, and unit types will be discuss further with the
advancement CO2 laser.
OCCURRENCE OF Staphylococcus pseudintermedius IN DOGS AND CATS
M. A. Mohamed, Saleha A. A, G. K. Dhaliwal and Siti Khairani B.
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is emerging coagulase positive staphylococci and has now
become a threat to animal health due to multidrug resistance with very limited therapeutic
options. The organism is now recognised as significant pathogen in veterinary medicine causing
skin, ear and wound infections. To date, there have been no studies done on Staphylococcus
pseudintermedius in dogs and cats in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the
presence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
pseudintermedius (MRSP) in pet and stray dogs and cats. Swab samples were taken from nasal,
buccal, rectal and skin of both animals that were brought to the University Veterinary Hospital
(UVH) and a private clinic and stray dogs and cats that were kept in an animal shelter. Results
showed Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were isolated in 6.5% (13/200) stray dogs, 6%
(12/200) stray cats, 1.5% (3/200) pet dogs and was not isolated from pet cats. These results
35
suggest that stray dogs and cats are at greater risk of acquiring Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
than pet animals.
A CASE OF PENTASTOMES CYSTS IN GREEN BURMESE PYTHON
(Python Molurus bivittatus)
Azizah D., Zamila Z., Noor Suhaila S., Norazariyah M. N., Roseliza R. and Fazly Ann Z. A.
Abstract
This work presents a case of sudden death of Green Burmese Python (Python Molurus bivittatus)
which belongs to one of the recreational parks in Malaysia. The specimen was necropsied of
which revealed a few whitish cysts in the distal part of the right lungs measuring 2-4 mm
diameter, tissue hemorrhages and inflammatory lesions. The nodules were confirmed to be
Armillifer spp. (Pentastomid) nymphs. A few months ago, Armillifer moniliformis (Pentastomid)
were isolated in dead blood pythons from the same premises. Pentastomes are worm-like
endoparasites of the phylum Pentastomida found principally in the respiratory tract of reptiles,
birds, and mammals. They cause a zoonotic disease known as pentastomiasis in animals and
humans. This report may create awareness on the possibility of on-going zoonotic transmission
of pentastomiasis from snake to man, especially to exotic meat lovers.
AN UPDATE ON THE VETERINARY MEDICAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN
SUGAR GLIDERS (Petaurus breviceps) IN MALAYSIA
Vellayan S.
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA,Puncak Alam,
42300 Kuala Selangor, Selangor.
Abstract
Sugar gliders make interesting pets. The name sugar gliders come from their preference for
sweet food and the gliding membrane that they use for gliding. They do not fly nor are they
related to the squirrel. In Malaysia, some people have mistaken them for flying squirrels.
Suggies, as glider lovers affectionately know them are more related to the possum as they have a
pouch, which is very similar to a kangaroo or wallaby. They are about the size of a hamster with
soft fur. Sugar gliders are arboreal, nocturnal marsupials from Australia, Tasmania, Indonesia
36
and Papa - New Guinea. They have become a popular pet in Malaysia for the past one decade.
There a number of selected breeders in Malaysia. These breeders sell them directly to the public
or to the pet shops. The rest of them are directly imported by the pet shops from Papa - New
Guinea, Indonesia and South America. Their life span in the wild is about 4-5 years, in
comparison to captivity ranging from 10-12 years. They are extremely social and should not be
kept as a solitary animal. If kept alone they require considerable playing attention and social
interaction with the owners. Being nocturnal, their eyes are very large, and they prefer dim
lighting. They have specialized incisors designed to gouge trees to extract sap, so they need
branches to chew. Many common disease conditions in sugar gliders are the result of improper
feeding and nutrition. As a result they undergo a number of medical problems. This paper
highlighted the medical problems encountered based on the systems in Malaysia. The major
systems include the eye, dental, respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, urinary, and
reproductive and the nervous system.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AN ENDOGENOUS BOID RETROVIRUS
1
Roslina H., 2Noordin M. M., 2Hazilawati H., 1Naim M. S., 1Normah M.,
1
Terjuddin G., 1Ramlan M. and 3Sharifah S. H.
1
2
Department of Pathology and Microbiology of University Putra Malaysia
3
Department of Medical of University Monash
Abstract
Boid inclusion disease virus (IBD) is fatal disorder of boid snake that is caused by a retrovirus.
In order to isolate and identify this agent, four different tissue samples of boid snake with
symptoms of IBD were documented. Viral isolate was successfully demonstrated vacuolation
syncytial and generalized cytopathic effect (CPE) formation by using Vero cell system. Virus
from culture exhibiting of 75% - 90% CPE was banded on sucrose gradient for virus purification
and identification of buoyant density. The demonstration a buoyant density of 1.17 g/ml and
examination of gradient purified particles by electron microscopy revealed morphology and size
were consistent to other retrovirus. The virus has shown characteristic of retrovirus on the basis
of viral tropism formation, a buoyant density, virus purification and electron microscopic
examination. This finding demonstrated that the boid snake with clinical sign IBD was
associated with the causative agent of retrovirus.
37
EFFECTS OF LONG TERM DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF SOYBEAN OIL
AND VITAMIN E ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS OF MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY
RATS
Naseem Bibi M. K. M., Goh Yong Meng, M. Ali Rajion, Mahdi Ebrahimi
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to determine the effects of long term dietary soybean oil and
vitamin E supplementation on the reproductive functions of male Sprague-Dawley rats. A total
of 60 male Sprague-Dawley 8-week old rats were used in this 64-week trial inclusive of one
week of adaptation period. The animals were assigned randomly into five groups of 12 animals
per group. The dietary treatment groups were CTRL (Base Diet + 5 % soybean oil + 1250
mg/kg Vitamin E), BD Only (Base Diet only), BDVitE (base diet + 1250 mg/kg vitamin E
Only), BDSBO (base diet + 5 % soybean oil only), and commercial pellet (COMM). Vitamin E
supplements were given as natural α-tocopherol only. Supplementing vitamin E and n-6 PUFA
in soybean oil together in the CTRL and COMM created synergism which helped to preserve the
testicular morphology and reduce the percentage of sperm abnormalities. In fact, the nonsupplemented BDOnly group registered almost 60 % spermatozoa abnormalities at the age of 71
weeks compared to approximately 30 % for all other supplemented groups. This would
contribute significantly towards ensuring male animals had a longer and more productive
breeding ability. In summary, both soybean oil (source of n-6 PUFA) and vitamin E are essential
in maintaining the normal reproductive functions of male rats. This study has conclusively
shown that sustained dietary n-6 PUFA and Vitamin E supplementation can be used to improve
semen quality and thus extend the breeding ability in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
38
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF RUSA DEER (Cervus timorensis)
SPERMATOZOA
1, 2,
Mohammed Bakari Mahre, 1Abd Wahid H., 1Rosnina Y., 1Faez F. J. A., 1Azlan C. A.
and 1Khumran A. M.
1
Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Abstract
The microscopic examination of semen provides valuable clinical information. However, this
information has been limited by the low resolution of the light microscope. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) permits observation of free cells and has been used to study the structure and
function of mammalian spermatozoa. However, studies on spermatozoa of deer species are
limited. The purpose of the present study was to examine the morphology of Rusa deer (Cervus
timorensis) spermatozoa by SEM. Semen samples were collected from two fertile stags using an
electro ejaculator. The ejaculate was processed and samples prepared for SEM according to
standard methods for observation in a Leo 1455 VP scanning electron microscope. The result of
the present study shows that the Rusa deer spermatozoa are not different from the spermatozoa
of other deer species. The spermatozoa consist of a flat paddle-shaped head and a three-piece
tail, which is subdivided into mid-piece, principal piece, and end-piece. Various morphological
abnormalities of sperm cells were detected by SEM. The most common abnormalities were
cytoplasmic remnants and droplets, bent and coiled tails as well as various sperm head surface
detachments. Aberrations such as double tails or microcephalic forms were rarely seen. The
present study indicates that SEM is an excellent tool for studying the morphology of Rusa deer
spermatozoa. In certain cases of sterility, when morphological examination provides the only
means of diagnosis, SEM may be the tool for diagnosis.
39
SEROPREVALENCE OF Mycoplasma mycoides CLUSTER INFECTION IN GOATS IN
PULAU PINANG
Nurul Alia A., Latiffah H. and A. Rahim M.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
Abstract
A pilot study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma mycoides cluster
infection in goats and its possible risk factors. One of the most important members in the cluster
is Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), an agent that causes contagious
caprine pleuropneumoniae (CCPP). The study involved 163 sampled animals in 17 goat farms
across five districts of Pulau Pinang. Information was collected on the farm management, animal
health and clinical symptoms observed in sampled goats. Laboratory analysis (competitiveELISA) was performed on the serum samples. Using competitive-ELISA, the seroprevalence of
M. mycoides cluster infection was 26% (95% CI = 19.46% - 32.86%). The seroprevalelence was
associated with factors such as farm size, poor farm hygiene, and poor body score of animals.
The seroprevalence is higher in smaller herds (<50) (34%) and the likelihood of M. mycoides
cluster infection was three times higher in this herds. Poor body score and poor farm hygiene
was also associated with increased likelihood to M. mycoides cluster exposure or infection.
A PRILIMINARY STUDY OF ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE IN A SHEEP FARM IN
KLUANG, JOHOR
Norhamizah A. H., Nur Nadiah H., Norsharina A., Hanafi H., Saudah, S., Rashidah C. M.
and Sohayati A. R.
Regional Veterinary Laboratory Johor Bahru, Lot PTB 11098, Jalan Taruka Off Jalan Datin Halimah,
80350, Johor Bahru, Johor
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistant or also described as ‘drug tolerance’ in worms is a common problem in
goats and sheep worldwide including Malaysia. Anthelmintic resistant is the heritable genes that
being passed down through the generation of nematodes and it is highly related with significant
production losses. Twenty five randomly selected farms, located in 7 districts in Johor, were
surveyed for anthelmintic used in the farms. The survey showed that 32% of the farm used
40
Albendazole and Ivermectin, 16% used Levamisole, 12% with no record of treatment, 8% do not
used any anthelmintic drug and none use Closantel as anthelmintic in their farms. Fourthy adult
sheep from one of the farm with highest Faecal Egg Count (FEC) was selected for nematodes
resistant study against 3 group of anthelmintics; Albendazole, Levamisole and Ivermectin. Ten
days post dewormed demonstrated Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) of 90.71% for
Ivermectin (moderate resistance), 44.29% for Levamisole (critical reistance) and 41.43% for
Albendazole (critical resistance). Only treatment with Ivermectin showed significant difference
between the Faecal Egg Count before and after treatment (α < 0.05). This finding revealed that
there were critical anthelmintic resistance against Albendazole and Levamisole in the farm
investigated.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SEROLOGICAL RESULTS AND BACTERIAL
ISOLATION FROM ORGANS OF BUCKS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED BY
Brucella melitensis
1
Shaqinah N. N., 1Mazlina M., 1Zamri-Saad M., 1Hazilawati, H. and 2Jasni S.
1
Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400
Serdang,
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Universiti Malaysia Kelantan,Karung Berkunci 36, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota
Bharu, Kelantan
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the correlations between two serological tests; the Rose
Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) with bacterial isolations from
organs of bucks experimentally infected by Brucella melitensis. Nine adult, mix breed male
goats were selected and divided into 3 groups of 3 goats per group. Goats of Groups 1 and 2
were inoculated with 109cfu/ml of live B. melitensis intra-conjunctival while goats of Group 3
remained as control uninfected. Serum samples were collected at 3-day intervals and subjected to
RBPT and CFT. Goats of Group 1 was killed on Day 7 while goats of Group 2 on Day 14 postinfection. At post-mortem, the conjunctiva, lymph nodes (submandibular, prescapular and
supramammary), liver, spleen, testis, epididymis, bulbourethral and seminal vesicle glands,
prepuce and synovial membrane of knee joint were collected for bacterial isolations. All serum
samples from all animals showed negative reaction for RBPT and CFT, while 25% of organ
samples from Group 1 and 22% from Group 2 were positive for bacterial isolation. There were
zero correlations between the results of serological tests and the rate of bacterial isolations in
both infected groups. The results indicate that acute brucellosis could not be detected by the
standard serological methods even though the organism was present in the organs.
41
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ESTIMATION OF LIVESTOCK GREENHOUSE
GAS EMISSIONS IN MALAYSIA
1
Shanmugavelu S., 2Quaza Nizamuddin H. N., 2Noor Aliza R. and 1Azizi, A. A.
1
2
Strategic Livestock Research Centre, MARDI, Serdang, Selangor
Livestock Resources & Technology Development Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya Malaysia
Abstract
Malaysia, as a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, has to report her GHG inventory regularly in the
form of National Communication to the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC). The first National Communication (NC1) was submitted in 2000 while the
second in 2011. Although the contribution of GHG from livestock is small, estimated at 3% in
the last NC, the intention to increase Malaysia's self-sufficiency in meat and dairy products
would alter this value. At present, estimations of livestock GHG are based on IPCC Tier 1
guidelines using livestock population data and emission factor for Asia. Most developed
countries have migrated from Tier 1 to the Tier 2 method in an effort to quantify GHG more
accurately. The Tier 2 method requires detailed data such as livestock category, production
systems and type of feed. Some countries have even migrated to Tier 3, which uses country
specific models. The New Zealand government sponsored a project to understand the key
livestock production systems and associated emissions in South East Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand, and Vietnam). The outcome of this project would identify regional specific and
realistic steps to improve livestock emissions inventories. This paper reports preliminary findings
of this project and attempts to quantify livestock GHG based on IPCC Tier 2 methodology.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI) TO PREVENT FOOD SECURITY FOR A
HEALTHY NATION OF SOUTHERN ASIAN COUNTRIES
1
Md. Jalal Uddin Sarder, 1Md. Hemayatul Islam, Md. Reazul Islam and 2Mafruza Sultana
Dina
1
Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6203, Bangladesh
2
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Corresponding author:[email protected]
Abstract
The issue of food security is now not only the concern of southern Asian countries but also the
matter of whole world. According to FAO food security exists when all people, at all time, have
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their directly needs and food preferences for
42
an active and healthy life. Animal protein is very important to become healthy. FAO
recommendation per capita at least 250 ml milk and 120 gm meat per day are required for human
balanced diet. Most of populations of southern Asian countries are suffering from malnutrition
due to lack of demand of milk and meat. Asian countries consists a lot of cattle, buffalo, goat,
sheep, pig, chicken and ducks etc but their productivity is very low due to poor genetic potentials
of native breed. Artificial insemination (AI) is a basic tool for rapid improvement of cattle in the
world. AI may be alternative source of milk and meat to supply the increasing demand for
milk/meat for this nation. There are many constraints of AI programme viz., breed, semen
quality, management, environment, feed, diseases, government policy etc. in these areas. So, this
study has undertaken to critically evaluate the present situation and future prospect of milk and
meat production to prevent food security of southern Asian countries.
USE OF HERBAL THERAPY IN VETERINARY PRACTICE – INDIAN EXPERIENCE
G. K Goel
Indian Herbs Specialties PV.T LTD., Saharanpur, India
Abstract
Herbal preparations have been in use in India, since ages for improving health and productivity
of animals. It is now increasingly felt that "Many of the traditional systems are sustainable, time
tested and are in harmony with nature...” Medicinal herbs are known to contain many
pharmacologically-active components and each herb has its own unique combination and
properties. Herbal animal health care products and supplements are being developed on scientific
lines along with their standardization and clinical evaluation based on internationally accepted
guidelines. Antibiotics and other chemical drugs since cause resistance against those antibiotics,
residues in milk, meat and eggs, herbal products are safe and have no such problems and can be
used not only for treatment but prophylactically, also. Besides, herbal products help in
strengthening the immune system and improving the general health of animals. Herbal
preparations are very beneficial in achieving a goal of "A Calf A Year" with optimum lactation
yield for a profitable dairy farming. Thus, by use of herbal products, many of pre & post calving
metabolic and other problems like energy deficit and ketosis, post calving retention of placenta,
conditions of reproduction failure etc can be very well handled to achieve the goal of a calf a
year, successfully.
43
RUMINANT FEEDS IN MALAYSIA – CURRENT STATUS AND CONSTRAINTS
FACED BY THE INDUSTRY
1
Wan Zahari M., 2Yunus I. and 2Shanmugavelu S.
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag 36, Pengkalan Chepa, 61000 Kota
Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
2
Strategic Livestock Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mail Bag 12301
General Post Office, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract
In contrast to the non-ruminant sub-sector, local ruminant industry is not well developed. Issues
related to the feed supply are the attributing factors which limit ruminant production. Current
emphasis is towards the development of practical and low-cost feeds for various classes of
ruminant species. Low utilization of fibre resources, lack of practical techniques to convert local
feedstuffs to quality feeds, low efficiency of collecting and harvesting of raw materials, high cost
of drying of raw materials, inefficient storage and handling of forage based feeds and lack of
established quality assurance protocols for prepared feeds are some of the limitations in the
development of feeds for local ruminant livestock. Appropriate strategies to enhance rumen
function and the means to administer supplements are of importance to ruminant feeding, as well
as increase utilization of potential feed resources under the plantation environment. Total mix
rations (TMR) and complete feeds are popular amongst the intensive feedlot operators, but to
majority of smallholders, balance feeding is of less concerned. New approaches have to be
utilized to improve the quality of the raw materials and finished products. Apart from making use
of locally available ingredients to reduce cost of production, attempts have been made to produce
more value-added feeds aiming at improving overall digestive system, growth performances and
health status of the ruminants. There are less than 15 feed millers specializing in ruminant feeds
throughout Malaysia and most are operated at minimum capacity (< 2 tones per hour). Problems
associated with ruminant feed production at the factory levels are discussed.
44
EFFICIENCY OF CULLING OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS SEROREACTORS
BETWEEN 2005 AND 2008 IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
1
Anka M. S., 1Hassan L., 1Khairani-Bejo S., 2Ramlan M., 3Zainal M. A., B and 4Adzar A.
1
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 43400 UPM, Serdang;
2
Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh Perak, Malaysia;
3
Department of Agribusiness and information system, Faculty of Agriculture, 43400 UPM Serdang
5
Epidemiology and Surveillance unit, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya Malaysia
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by Brucella abortus and occasionally Brucella
mellitensis and Brucella suis. The disease is characterized by reproductive disorders in both male
and female animals and is one of the most common zoonosis reported worldwide. Brucellosis
poses a threat to the livestock industry and public health in the developing countries, especially
those of Asia, Africa, Middle East, central and North America. In this study we attempt to assess
the efficiency of the testing and culling system of seroreactor cattle in the brucellosis control
program in Malaysia. We used the annual records and reports of brucellosis-culling activities
between 2005 and 2008 from 14 government abattoirs from the states of Kelantan, Pahang,
Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. In addition, data on serosurveillance activities between 2005 and
2008 were obtained from the Department of Veterinary Service and Veterinary Research
Institute. Our results show the overall culling rate for the studied states within the study period
was 72%. The remaining 28% of infected cattle were assumed to be left out from the culling
activity. Despite the presence of the control program for more than a decade, complete
elimination of cattle tested positive is yet to be accomplished in Malaysia. The failure to cull
infected animals in the test-and-slaughter programme would permit the spread of brucellosis to
other susceptible animals within the same herd and to other susceptible herds.
45
CLINICAL SIGNS, HEMOGRAM AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY PROFILE OF
GOAT EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
1,2
Zurin-Azlin M. J., 1Wahid H., 1Rahman A. O., 1Rosnina Y., 1Jesse F. F. A., 1Jeber Z. Kh.
Lariff O., Lyap K. C., 1Fahmi M., and 1Jeffri N.
1
2
Department of Veterinary Services, Wisma Tani, Blok Podium 1, Lot 4G1, Presint 4,
Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62630 Putrajaya
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a bacterium that causes caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in
sheep and goats. It secretes phospholipase D (PLD), an exotoxin implicated as a major virulence
factor. A subclinical and chronic disease, CLA is characterized by abscesses formation in lymph
nodes and visceral organs with yellowish-green viscous pus and which appears as onion ring-like
in sheep. During early infection animals show no overt clinical signs. As the disease progresses,
the animal will reduce in body weight. In this study goats were divided into three groups:
infected with PLD (G1), live bacteria (G2) and placebo with normal saline as a control (G3).
This study was conducted to determine the clinical biochemistry and haemogram profiles of
treated and untreated goats and to detect C. pseudotuberculosis colonization in blood and lymph
nodes. Urea, Ca, total protein, globulin, CK, GGT, WBC, band neutrophils, lymphocytes,
monocytes and eosinophils were increased significantly (p<0.05) as early as six hours postinoculation. There was no significant difference in most of the parameters between male and
female. Severity of clinical signs developed greater in G2 compared to G1. C.
pseudotuberculosis was identified from most of the lymph nodes.
46
DAIRYING RELATION TO REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF CROSS-BRED
COWS IN BANGLADESH
1
M. Hemayatul Islam, 1Md. Jalal Uddin Sarder, 1Md. Akhtarul Islam and Md. Reazul
Islam
1
Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6203, Bangladesh
2
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Correspondence author: [email protected]
Abstract
The present study undertake about the dairying relation to reproductive parameters of crossbred
cows in Bangladesh. A total of six hundred and seventy one (671) dairy cows were from 335
farmers various district of Bangladesh from July 2010 to June 2012. The reproductive parameters
(RP) of cows studied on the basis of various crossbred cows to identify the effect on dairying
performance. The overall mean values of reproductive status including age at puberty (month),
age at first service, age at first calving (month), service per conception (s/c), post partum heat
period (days), days open (days), wastage days (days), gestation length (days), dry period (days),
calving interval (days) were 26.37±.22, 26.56±0.23, 37.84±0.25, 1.43±.36, 85.83±1.57,
117.85±2.35, 13.33±1.02, 279.90±.33, 91.34±1.47 and 398.81±2.34 respectively in different
crossbred of cows. The significant (P<0.05) effect on age at puberty, age at first service, age at
first calving, service per conception, post partum heat period, wastage days, dry period.
Local×Sahiwal×Friesian genotypes had excellent performances considering all the reproductive
parameters in various districts of Bangladesh where, Local× Sahiwal cows showed the worst
result.
47
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOLLICLE AND IMMATURE OOCYTE RECOVERY
RATE IN A TWO CONSECUTIVE DAYS OF TRANSVAGINAL OOCYTE
RETRIEVAL IN A BEEF COWS
1
Azizah A., 2Ahmad J., 2Mashodi S. 2Ajis H. and 1Saadiah J.
¹ Strategic Livestock Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI),
Persiaran MARDI- UPM, Serdang, Selangor
2
Strategic Livestock Research Centre, Malaysia Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Kluang
Research Station, Locked Bag 525, 86009 Kluang, Johor.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to observe the distribution and availability of follicle and immature
oocyte retrieved repeatedly in two consecutive days of transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR) in a
beef cows. A total of 13 beef cows were used for repeated TVOR at 24 (24-Hr) and 48 (48-Hr)
hours after 7 days of controlled intravaginal drug released device insertion, and intramuscular
injection of 25 mg prostaglandin on day 5. Fourty five NIH units of FSH were administered
intramuscularly twice a day in dividing decreasing doses for 4 consecutive days (3.5 ml, 2.5 ml,
1.5 ml and 1 ml) post CIDR insertion. Ovaries were visualized with 5.0 MHz transducer which
was adhered to the wall of the vagina to visualize the follicles on the ultrasound monitor. The
diameter of follicles was measured and categorized as small (≤ 4 mm), medium (>4.1 mm – 8
mm) and large (≥ 8.1 mm). The TVOR then was carried out using a stainless steel tube
connected to an 18 G x 2” needle that was attached beyond the transducer into the collecting
bottle. The collected fluids containing the immature oocytes were then examined under a
stereomicroscope. Results indicated that 24-Hr TVOR showed significantly more number of
medium and large follicles than small follicles categories (p< 0.05). However, the 48-Hr of
TVOR does not showed any differences of follicles categories (p>0.05). The mean total numbers
of follicles and immature oocytes recovered were higher (p<0.05) in 24-Hr TVOR compared to
48-Hr TVOR with the rate of 51.22% and 38.17%, respectively. In conclusion, the availability of
follicles and immature oocytes is higher at 24- than 48-Hr TVOR. Due to the reduction of
follicle and recovery rate at 48-Hr it is suggested that TVOR be carried out later than 48 hour so
that the follicle has more time to increase the size diameter.
48
MULTIPLE FACTORS CAUSING DEATH IN BRUCELLA-POSITIVE MURRAH AND
NILLI RAVI BUFFALOES
1
Maizatul Azlina A. M., 2Maswati M. A, 3Norazura A. H., 1Mohd. Faiz M.K., 1Shahaza O.,
3
Bohari M.J., 3Norhafiza H., 2Syamsul Azizan, 4Kamarul Rizal M. I ., 1Ahmad Malike H.,
1
Saiful Adli A. H. and 1Sabariah B.
1
Institut Veterinar Malaysia, Kluang, Johor.
Regional Veterinary Laboratory Bukit Tengah, Pulau Pinang.
3
Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, Perak.
4
Bahagian Pembangunan Sumber Teknologi Ternakan, Ibu Pejabat Perkhidmatan Veterinar Malaysia.
2
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic and widely contagious infection in animals. Cattle, water buffalo, and
bison are highly susceptible to Brucella abortus infection. Forty two Murrah and Nilli Ravi
buffaloes were found dead consecutively after an antibiotherapy regime using long acting
tetracycline and streptomycin FDNP was given .The antibiotherapy was aimed to control the
shedding of Brucella organism in the positive animals. Death was seen starting on day 8 of
treatment and occurred continuously until day 23. A holistic investigation was done to determine
the cause of death. Organ samples from the 31 carcasses, serum, feed and water samples were
taken and sent for laboratory testing mainly for bacteriology, histopathology, parasitology,
virology, serology, haematology, clinical chemistry , feed and mineral analysis, as well as water
quality. The investigation revealed that the states of the buffaloes which were previously
immunocompromised with multiple infections worsened in their condition during the
antibiotherapy regime and contributed largely to the cause of death.
PRESENCE OF PARASITE LARVAE IN GOAT FAECES FOR USE AS FERTILISER
1
Basripuzi H. B., 2Sani R. A., 2Ariff O. M. and 3Chandrawathani P.
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan,
Locked Bag 36, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor.
3
Abstract
The presence of strongyle larvae in goat manure needs to be determined as some farmers recycle
the manure to fertilise grasses grown for animal feed which may lead to strongylosis. Five plots
of at least 1.5 m apart were identified in a grassy area. Faeces of goats with strongyle infection
49
deposited over a 24-hour period were collected and deposited onto the plots. Faecal samples
were collected daily in the morning from each plot until eggs and strongyle larvae were no
longer detected. The samples were subjected to faecal egg count (FEC), larvae identification and
enumeration. The mean FEC of samples declined from 660 eggs per gram (epg) on Day 1 to zero
epg on Day 4. Pre-infective larvae were found on Days 4 and 5. L3 of Haemonchus contortus,
Trichostrongylus sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. were detected from Day 4. H. contortus and
Trichostrongylus sp. L3 were observed until Day 21 and Day 22 respectively. Oesophagostomum
sp. L3 were absent by Day 16. Overall L3 counts peaked on Day 8 and were negligible by Day
14. Thus, it is recommended that the manure heap be kept without continuous accumulation of
fresh faeces for at least 14 days before being applied as fertiliser.
EFFICACY OF A COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE VACCINE AGAINST CASEOUS
LYMPHADENITIS IN GOATS
1
Adza-Rina M. N., 1Zamri-Saad M., 1Shahirudin S., 2Normah M. Y., 2Niecorrita W.
1
Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
2
Regional Veterinary Laboratory, PO Box 2051, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a commercially available vaccine against
caseous lymphadenitis. A group of 27 goats of different serological status were selected and
divided into 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 sero-negative goats, group 2 with 10 sero-positive
goats while group 3 with 7 sero-negative goats. At the start of the experiment, all goats of groups
1 and 2 were vaccinated against caseous lymphadenitis using a commercially available vaccine
(Glanvac 6, Pfizer, Australia) twice at 1-month interval according to the manufacturer’s
recommendation. One month after the second vaccination, all goats were challenged with 109
cfu/ml of live Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, were observed for clinical signs and killed a
month post-infection. Samples of various lymph nodes were collected for bacterial isolation and
histopathology. Grossly, the lesions consisted of abscessation of the lymph nodes, particularly
the prescapular lymph node. Approximately 30%, 40.5% and 50% of goats of groups 1, 2 and 3
had abscessation, respectively. However, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the
incidence of lymph node abscessation and histological severity of abscessation between the
different groups. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was successfully re-isolated from the
affected lymph nodes, and occasionally from lymph nodes without lesions. The rate of bacterial
isolation was statistically insignificant (p>0.05) between the three groups. The efficacy of the
vaccine was approximately 70%. Therefore, it was concluded that vaccination of goats with
Glanvac 6 did not effectively protect goats against caseous lymphadenitis.
50
VETERINARY MANAGEMENT
FEED ACT 2009: CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION
Quaza Nizamuddin H. N. and Ainul Yuzairi M. Y.
Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro Based Industry Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
Corresponding author: quaza@ dvs.gov.my
Feed Act 2009 was gazetted as federal law on 3rd September 2009. It is an Act to establish the
Feed Board, to regulate feed quality by controlling the importation, manufacture, sale and use of
feed and feed additive, to ensure that feed satisfies nutritional requirement of animals, is not
harmful to animals and is not contaminated so that the animals and animal products are safe for
human consumption and other usage. The Act applies only to Peninsular Malaysia and the
Federal Territory of Labuan. Five regulations were identified to be formulated from the eleven
stated in the Act. The regulations were prepared, gazetted and launched by the Honourable
Minister of Agriculture in September 2012. The regulations were Feed (Licence to Import Feed
or Feed Additive) Regulations 2012, Feed (Labelling of Feed or Feed additive) Regulations
2012, Feed (Manufacture and Sale of Feed or Feed Additive) Regulations 2012, Feed (Prohibited
antibiotics, hormones, and other chemicals) Regulations 2012 and Feed (Methods of Analysis of
Feed and the Form of Certificate of Analysis) Regulations 2012. In addition, a Guideline on the
Act was also published. A six month transitional period was allowed by law and during this
transitional period the stakeholders need to apply for license or registration. The enforcement of
the Act has started since early April 2013. In spite of all the efforts made thus far there were still
areas of concern which has posed challenges to the full implementation of the Act. This paper
describes some of the challenges and the follow-up actions required. Since the Act does not
cover Sabah and Sarawak, there were attempts for these two states to adopt the law in its entirety
as there were lacunas in their current law. Both states were of the view that they will amend their
law to suit the requirement of the Feed Act 2009. Hence the Feed Act 2009 is not applicable to
the state of Sabah and Sarawak. Two more regulations have to be formulated quickly to provide
further clout to the Act. The regulations are (1) Regulation on Feed and Feed Additive
Specifications and (2) Regulations on the Compoundable Offences. The importers of feed and
feed additive have problems submitting all documents required under the Act due to their
unavailability or difficulty in acquiring them. In the past, items were brought in without proper
documentation and now with the Act feed or feed additive imported will be better regulated. Use
of banned drugs and antibiotic residue in meat continues to pose problems. This Act allows for
the sampling of feed from farms and a monitoring system has been prepared to reduce this
problem. The importation of meat and bone meal from non-approved countries is also an issue.
Measures undertaken include requiring the Customs Department and MAQIS to inform DVS if
any feed/fertiliser which is imported is of animal protein origin. The other mechanism adopted
was to match the importation figures with the permits approved for that purpose. In addition, onsite inspections were done to detect such malpractices. The Act covers the entire supply chain
which means that the law regulates by issuing license or registration to the importer,
manufacturer, wholesaler, home-mixer and retailers. It is estimated that there are about 15,000
such companies which will be covered by the Act. That requires huge resources in terms of manpower and time. To reduce this problem, a computerised system is being developed for purposes
51
of license application and to serve as data base. Apart from that, the importers, manufacturers
and wholesalers are prioritised for the purpose of licensing or registration. The issues faced need
to be resolved as they appear so that the animal feed and feed additive whether imported or
manufactured are safe to be consumed by animals and at the same time the meat from foodproducing animals is safe to be consumed.
BOGUS VETERINARIANS AND VETERINARY PRACTICES IN MALAYSIA:
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATION AND SOLUTION?
1
Farina M. K., 1Nurul Hayah K., 2Choy Foon Seng, 3Intan Suriati A. M., 4Jonathan J. F.
and 5Nurul Syakirah M. H.
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
2
Gladron Chemicals Sdn. Bhd., Shah Alam, Selangor
3
Kelana Jaya Veterinary Clinic, Kelana Jaya, Selangor
4
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota, Kelantan
5
Honey Pet Shoppe, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor
Abstract
The growing numbers of pet ownership has brought significant demands of veterinary services in
Malaysia. In addition, there is a rising awareness on the general health and preventive care
among pet owners. Although there are substantial numbers of veterinary practices in Malaysia,
the existence of bogus veterinarians and fake veterinary practices in Malaysia are considerably
high. This in turn will bring negative implications to the veterinary professions in Malaysia.
Therefore, the objectives of this study are to highlight the existence of bogus veterinary practices
in Malaysia, their modus operandi and to identify the mechanisms to combat this issue
efficiently. Based on the information obtained from the field veterinarians, enforcement agency
and public, suggestions and improvements to tackle this serious issue can be addressed to all the
components of veterinary services.
52
BRINGING TOGETHER HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH
1
Harbans Singh Dhalla, 2Kirti Dua
1
Incharge Civil Veterinary Hospital Barewal, Ludhiana,Animal Husbandry Department ,Government Of Punjab,
India
2
Incharge Wild Life Center, Professor of Veterinary Medicine, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The One Health concept is a worldwide strategy for expanding interdisciplinary collaborations
and communications in all aspects of health care for humans, animals and the environment. The
Global health management requires to be dealt with from a holistic “One Health” perspective
that requires integrative approach of human, animal and environmental health in close relation
with food safety and security. The most prominent issues putting pressure on global health today
include the dramatic emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases, contamination of food, water
and soil, bioterrorist events, and degradation of resources and habitats. Conjoint health related
trajectories, must, however, not only have negative effects as they also offer ample opportunities
for combating multiple threats at the direct intersect of human, animal and environmental health,
food safety and security. For instance, cancer triggered by environmental pollution in south west
Punjab and other parts of the country might be detected at an early stage via animal health
monitoring, as oncological cells spread at a higher speed in an dog's body with lower life
expectancy than that of a human being. Veterinarians have pivotal obligations, opportunities, and
contributions to make in enhancing public health, recognizing and responding to zoonotic
disease transmission, maintaining food and water quality, and promoting wildlife and ecosystem
health. So that world capable of preventing, detecting, containing, eliminating and responding to
animal and public risks to zoonosis and animal disease with an impact on food security and
ecosystem through multisectoral cooperation, integration and strong partnership can be built.
53
A NOVEL FUSION PEPTIDE, RETROMAD1, EXHIBITS ORAL DELIVERY BROAD
SPECTRUM ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES IN A NUMBER OF ANIMAL MODELS
Ung Eng Huan
BioValence Sendirian Berhad,C-12-03, 3 Two Square,2, Jalan 19/1,46300 Petaling Jaya,Selangor, Malaysia.
RetroMAD1 is a first-in-class experimental therapeutic completely developed using Malaysian
technology that is currently undergoing registration with the Department of Veterinary Services
(DVS). It is very unique as a protein drug as it is able to withstand proteolytic digestion with
pepsin at pH2 and trypsin at pH8 for extended periods and enters the serum in mouse and guinea
pig models within 30 minutes. Due to its uniqueness, its background Patent has already achieved
an 'all claims patentable' report at PCT level and another 2 related Patents will reach PCT level
shortly. This broad spectrum antiviral has shown promising results in vivo in various animal
models. These include a prawn model involving 3 species of prawns and 3 types of viruses, a
fish model, and trials done in client-cats and dogs by Registered Veterinary Practitioners in
Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines in multicentre trials and a monkey model in an
AAALAC test facility in the Philippines. The design and molecular architecture of the drug
allows it to target simultaneously various viral pathways including entry, fusion, integration and
translation making it perhaps the world's first multifunctional antiviral due to its multidomain
characteristics. We have also recently found that RetroMAD1 also inhibits the NS2B-NS3 serine
protease of the Dengue virus and as such, preclinical investigations that may lead up to 'First-inHuman' trials have begun. Additionally, collaboration with the US National Institutes of Health
(NIH) using humanized mice to test the drug's effects on HIV1 is underway. The National
Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (NPCB) has approved the design of a cGMP batch
manufacturing facility which is now completed and presently undergoing validations that will
lead to audits to PIC/S standards. Based on very encouraging trial results, RetroMAD1 may soon
be commercially used to produce 'instant' SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) prawn postlarvae due to
the high incidence of prawn viruses causing massive losses to the industry. Trials are already
planned in Norway, the world's leading producer of Salmon, to test RetroMAD1 in fish cell lines
infected with Infectious Salmonid Anemia (ISA) virus which is a leading disease of farmed
Salmon.
54
POSTER PRESENTATION ABTRACTS
LEPTOSPIRA GENE ANALYSIS
W. Rosmaryana W. M., Tan C. G., Erkihun A. W., A. Rahman A., and Kalthum H.
Fakulti Perubatan Veterinar, University Malaysia Kelantan, Karung Berkunci 36, Pengkalan Chepa,
16100 Kota Bharu
Abstract
Leptospirosis is emerging as global importance widespread zoonosis that affects both humans
and animals. It is caused by members of spirochetes belonging to the genus Leptospira. The
transmission of leptospirosis occurs primarily through urine of infected animals and urinecontaminated water or soil. Early diagnosis of leptospirosis is essential since antibiotic therapy
provides greatest value when administered early in the course of illness. Unfortunately,
leptospirosis is often diagnosed late due to non-specific clinical manifestations ranging from a
flu-like syndrome to renal failure. An extensive understanding of the gene available in GenBank
is crucial to design a convenient molecular detection using bioinformatics gene analysis. There
are gene dependants in Leptospira; species and/or serogroup dependant. Most of the genes are
species dependant and certain are serogroup dependant. This study was to identify Leptospira
genes available in GenBank that correspond to pathogenic Leptospira species. Ten genes were
analyzed by using multisequence alignment (BioEdit) and phylogentic tree (MEGA5.2) which is
16S rRNA, LipL32, LipL41, SecY, LigA, LigB, LigC, FlaB, GyrB and O-antigen polymerase.
Six out of ten genes were identified as species dependants which are 16S rRNA, LipL32,
LipL41, SecY, FlaB, and GyrB. O-antigen polymerase was identified as serogroup dependant.
This study was able to identify gene that correspond to species dependant and can be used for
designing convenient molecular detection and differentiation on pathogenic Leptospira species.
55
NIPAH STATUS IN MALAYSIA FROM 2001 – 2012:
TEST BY ELISA IN LOCAL ANIMALS
Naama T., Mardianty Mariam C. K., Letchumi S., M. Riduan A. H., Yeoh N. N. and
Ramlan M.
Abstract
Nipah virus was first detected in Malaysia in 1999. As a result of severe infections in pigs and
humans, a national surveillance programme was implemented to test pig farms as well screening
of other domestic and wild animals. To date VRI has tested more than 30,000 serum samples
using the ELISA test developed in VRI. The results indicated no positive infections from 2001 to
2012. This shows the success of the control programme in Malaysia.
PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLA IN POULTRY MEAT AND POULTRY BASED
PRODUCTS FROM VETERINARY HEALTH MARK (VHM) FOOD PROCESSING
PLANTS IN CENTRAL REGION OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, 2010 TO 2012
Marina A. R., Ismail M., Nurzia I., Kasmah S., M. Isa B. And Mohd Fharok Y.
Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi,
43900 Sepang, Selangor.
Abstract
This study reports the prevalence of Salmonella in poultry meat and poultry based products
which were submitted by Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) Meat Inspectors from
poultry processing plants situated in Central Region of Peninsular Malaysia to the Veterinary
Public Health Laboratory (VPHL) for testing. A total of 2689 poultry meat and poultry based
products were received from year 2010 to 2012. Samples like chicken meat, nuggets, burgers and
frankfurters were collected from 18 VHM processing plant in four states of Peninsular Malaysia
(Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur). These processing
plants are under the Veterinary Health Mark Scheme (VHM) certified by Department of
Veterinary Services (DVS). The products listed under VHM logo produced by these processing
plants are veterinary inspected for wholesomeness by DVS. Salmonella was detected from 5.4%
(145) of the samples. Salmonella enteritidis was the most frequent Salmonella serotype isolated
from poultry meat and poultry products. Other predominant Salmonella serotype identified were
56
Salmonella albany (19.3%), Salmonella typhimurium (7.6%), Salmonella agona (7.6%) and
Salmonella corvallis (6.9%). VPHL will report incidence of Salmonella to DVS Head Office in
Putrajaya for further action, which will inform respective VHM processing plants to take
corrective action.
VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES IN FOOD OF ANIMAL ORIGIN IN MALAYSIA
FROM 2010 TO 2012
Marzura M. R., Marni S., and Eddy A. A.
Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services, Jln Nilai-Banting, Bandar Baru Salak
Tinggi, 43900, Sepang, Selangor
Abstract
Generally, veterinary drugs are used in farm animals for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes
that can be administered in the feed or in the drinking water. In some cases, the residues may
result from contaminated animal feed. The residue of veterinary drugs in food of animal origin
may consequently lead to the potential hazard of the consumer’s health risk. In view of this
circumstance, foods of animal origin need to be monitored for the presence of veterinary drug
residues. Results from determination of tetracycline, sulphonamide, quinolones, β-lactam,
aminoglycoside, macrolide, chloramphenicol and nitrofuran in food of animal origin for
monitoring programme conducted by Department of Veterinary Services in the period of 2010 to
2012 are presented. From a total of 2,745 samples analysed, 83.8 %, 96.8 % and 100 % samples
of porcine, poultry and bovine respectively collected from slaughter house and processing plants
were in compliance with Malaysian Food Regulation 1985. The highest percentage of residue
was found in swine compared to poultry. The highest violation was in 2011 with 11 (16.2%)
samples confirmed positive followed by 10 (9.7%) samples positives in 2010 and 7 (6.1%)
samples positive in 2012. For poultry, the trend of violation between years is almost similar and
the highest was in year 2012 with 27 (3.2%) samples detected positive. Among veterinary drug
tested, tetracycline’s violations are greatest in porcine and poultry samples.
57
AVIAN/ PIG
ANALYSIS OF AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE LOCAL
ISOLATES BASED ON HAEMAGGLUTININ–NEURAMINIDASE GENE
M. Redzwan S., Syamsiah A. S., Faizul Fikri M. Y., Leow B. L., Basirah M. A., Ong G. H.,
M. Hasrul, Maizatul Z., Zunaida B., M. Jihan R. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
There are various methods that can be used to identify virulent Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)
such as ICPI, MDI or F protein which is recognized by OIE. In this study, sequence analysis of
Haemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) gene of NDV genomic RNA was conducted to identify
virulence of NDV local isolates. The HN gene of three local isolates were characterized and
amplified by using Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing of the
amplified product. Based on sequence analysis, two out of the three isolates showed stop codon
amino acid at 571 which indicated it as virulent strains of NDV. Thus, this sequence analysis of
Haemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) gene can be used for diagnostic purposes in particular for
confirmation of NDV isolates virulence.
ANTIVIRAL EFFECT OF NEEM EXTRACT ON NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS
Ong G. H., Syamsiah A. S., M. Hasrul A.H., Zunaida B., Maizatul Z., M. Jihan R., M.
Redzwan S., Leow B. L., Faizul F. M. Y., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
Antiviral effect of crude aqueous extracts of neem leaves and neem bark (Azadirachta indica)
belonging to the family Meliaceae was studied. Maximum non-toxic dose and determination of
antiviral activity via in vitro and in vivo virus inhibition assay was carried out using embryonated
SPF chicken eggs and SPF chickens. Different concentration of neem extract content against
local velogenic Newcastle Disease virus was used. Determination of antiviral activity was
successfully obtained via in vitro and in vivo assay using neem bark extract.
58
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FLY SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AT POULTRY FARMS
IN JOHOR
1
Norhamizah A. H., 2Navanithakumar B., 1Rasidah A., 1Hanafi H., 1Sohayati A. R., ²Aida
M., and ²Kamarudin M. I.
1
Regional Veterinary Laboratory Johor Bahru, Lot PTB 11098, Jalan Taruka Off Jalan Datin Halimah, 80350,
Johor Bharu, Johor
2
Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Negeri Johor, Aras 4, Bangunan Dato’ Mohamad Ibrahin Munsyi, Kota Iskandar,
79630, Nusajaya, Johor
There are several different species of flies found around poultry farms in Johor. The most
common species are the house fly (Musca domestica) and oriental latrine fly (Chrysomya
megacephala). However data on distribution of these two species is not established. This study
was conducted to estimate the distribution by identifying larval samples submitted by
Enforcement Officer to Regional Veterinary Laboratory Johor Bahru. A total of 85 larval
samples were received from February 2012 until June 2013. Of this 52 (61.1%) and 33 (38.9%)
were housefly and oriental latrine fly respectively. The result showed that house fly was the
dominant species inhabited the poultry farms around Johor. House flies are known as the
mechanical vector of many poultry disease such as the Exotic New Castle Disease, E. coli and
Coronavirus and for organism associated with human food poisoning examples Salmonella,
Campylobacter, E. coli and Listeria). The fly populations if not properly managed, may escalate
the risk of these problems and at the same time resulted as public nuisances and subsequently
may leads to poor relationship between the community and the poultry industry. Being the
biggest poultry producer in the country, the Johor state has set up the Fly Elimination at Source
(Poultry Farms) program in-place to ensure this borne disease vector and public nuisance under
control
59
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON IN HOUSE HEAMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION (HI)
TEST WITH ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) IN
DETECTING ANTIBODY AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VACCINE IN
COMMERCIAL CHICKENS
Faizul F. M. Y., Syamsiah Aini S., Ong G. H., Leow B. L., Redzwan S., Basirah A., Hasrul
A. H., Zunaida B., Mazaitul Z. and Ramlan M.
Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak
Abstract
The antibody (AB) titer to Newcastle Disease vaccine (Ulster 2C and booster with LaSota strain)
in commercial chickens using heamagglutination inhibition (HI) and an in direct-linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were compared in this study. A total of 10 commercial chickens
were vaccinated by eye drop route and the antibody titer was observed weekly up to 7 weeks.
Based on the results, higher titer was detected by using ELISA technique than HI. In conclusion,
ELISA proved to be more sensitive and rapid but less economic than HI test when used for
detection of AB titers against NDV vaccines.
CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Andrographis paniculata
AGAINST VERO AND CHICKEN EMBRYO FIBROBLAST CELLS
1
Suriani M. N., 2Nurul Aida Ashyqin Z., 1Jamaliah H., 1Normah M., 1Goon S. C., 1Nor
Haliza S., 1Roslina H. And 1Iswadi M. I.
1
2
Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Aras 10, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300
Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
Extract of Andrographis paniculata (APE) reported in literatures as an antiviral agent were
evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity activity against Vero cell line and chicken embryo
fibroblast (CEF) primary cell which will be used as host for our future antiviral activity study.
The in vitro cytotoxicity activity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine the ethanolic APE concentrations that
did not affect the cell viability. The cytotoxicity value (CC50 ) of ethanolic APE against the CEF
cells was 20.48 µg/ml. However, the extract did not show any cytotoxicity against Vero cell
lines at concentration of 25 µg/ml (Highest concentration used in this study). This indicates that
60
the ethanolic extract was not toxic (CC50 > 20 µg/ml) to the Vero cells as compared to the CEF
CC50. This study also discovered that the maximal non toxic dose (MNTD) of ethanolic APE
against the CEF was 20.48 µg/ml and the MNTD against the Vero cell was not determined due
to lack of data. The results also showed that the ethanolic APE demonstrated significant (p <
0.05) antiproliferative activity against CEF cell lines as compared to the Vero cell line. Based
on these findings, vero cell line was proposed to be used as a host for the future evaluation of
antiviral activity of ethanolic APE.
ISOLATION OF Riemerella anatipestifer FROM AN OUTBREAK IN A COMMERCIAL
DUCK LAYER FARM
Khoo L. L., M. Naheed M. H., Saiful N. and Rosnah Y.
Abstract
An investigation was carried out on a duck layer farm following complaints of morbidity and
mortality of young layer ducks (new batch). Ducks of Khaki Campbell cross with Thailand breed
were reared for the salted egg industry. The livestock’s population comprised of 2,387 layer
ducks (900 old batches and 1,487 new batches). The sick ducks appeared dull, showed signs of
depression, having poor feed intake and experiencing lameness. They were kept isolated,
supplemented with multivitamins and anti-stress and treated with antibiotics (sodium
sulfadiazine, trimethoprim). Thirty oral swabs, the duck feeds (boiled corn and pellet), pond
water, four eggs and nine sick ducks were collected for disease diagnosis. R. anatipestifer was
isolated from the oral swabs, water samples and the ducks’ main organs (heart, liver, lung,
spleen, and kidney). This paper reports the isolation of R. anatipestifer which is crucial as a
definitive diagnosis for the R. anatipestifer infection in this farm.
61
MOLECULAR AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NEWCASTLE
DISEASE VIRUS LOCAL ISOLATES FROM PERAK IN 2012
Syamsiah A. S., Faizul F. M. Y, Ong G. H., Leow B. L., M. Redzuwan. S., Basirah M. A.,
M. Hasrul A. H., Zunaida B., Mazaitul Z., M. Jihan R., and Ramlan M.
Abstract
Highly virulent Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) strains were isolated from vaccinated and
village chickens in Perak in 2012. These isolates were characterized using conventional and
molecular methods. The Intracerebral pathogenenicity index (ICPI) was tested to determine the
virulence of the isolates. The result indicated that the isolates are velogenic (ICPI > 1.75). The
partial of fusion protein gene was amplified, sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. The
genetic analysis of the gene showed that F gene at the fusion cleavage site of all isolates
displayed the motif of 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117, highly characteristic of the virulent strain. The results
from the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates were grouped in a new clusted under
genotype VII together with the Indonesian isolate that caused the outbreak of vaccinated broiler
in 2010. These findings revealed that the2012 NDV isolates are from the velogenic strain but
form a different cluster from the other genotype VII of Perak isolates which have been reported
earlier.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE FROM A SAMPLE
SUBMITTED TO VRI
Leow B. L., Syamsiah Aini S., Ong G. H., Faizul F., M. Redzwan, Basirah A., Hasrul M.,
Maizatul Z., Zunaida B., Jihan M. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
A sample bursa suspected of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) was positive by AGPT via virus
isolation as well as by molecular detection. Based on molecular detection of the isolate by using
RT-PCR, 474 bp of the hypervariable regions of VP2 gene was amplified. Digestion of the
amplified product with three restriction enzymes Hinf I, Ssp I and Taq I showed patterns
compatible with the vaccine strain of IBD. The sequence analysis of the variable region of VP2
gene revealed that the isolate was closely related to the IBD vaccine strains.
62
SEROLOGICAL STATUS OF CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER (CSF) AND PORCINE
REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) IN TWO FARMS IN
SELANGOR USING IDEXX® ELISA
2
Woon Ning Xian, 1Siti Suri A. and 2Ooi Peck Toung
1
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology,
2
Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia
Abstract
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) are
porcine diseases that are highly contagious and of great economic importance in Malaysia. In the
evolving pig industry, reliable and useful diagnostic methods are needed to reduce impact of
these diseases. This preliminary study evaluates the CSF and PRRS immunological status in two
farms in Selangor using commercial IDEXX® ELISA test kits. By sampling 30 percent of a
breeding herd, a more representative farm immunological status was aimed to be achieved. In
this study, 115 sows from a 400 sow population were sampled from Farm A, and 60 sows from a
200 sow population were sampled from Farm B. In addition, 50 porkers were sampled from both
farms to determine their general immunological status. Both farms are practicing intensive,
farrow-to-finish, open house system and located in a densely populated pig farming area. The
samples were tested for CSF and PRRS antibodies using IDEXX CSFV Antibody Test Kit and
IDEXX PRRS X3 Antibody Test Kit respectively. For the CSF test kit, the results revealed an
average of 64 % blocking percentage among the sows in Farm A, and 56 % in Farm B. For the
PRRS test kit, the results revealed an average S/P ratio of 2.8 among the sows in Farm A and 2.3
in Farm B. The results suggested that Farm A had a better immunity status compared to Farm B.
In conclusion, commercial ELISA allows mass screening of a herd and can be a useful diagnostic
and monitoring tool when combined with proper interpretations and field diagnosis.
63
STUDY ON THE STABILITY OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VACCINE 9050/93
STRAIN IN TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF DILUENT
Iswadi M. I., Suriani M. N., Normah M., Nor Haliza S., Goon S. C., Jamaliah H.,
Shajarutulwardah M. Y. and Roslina H.
Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
Abstract
Virus titre test using specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated eggs was employed to determine
the stability of the reconstituted form of infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine 9050/93 strain in
skim milk and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) exposed at 32°C for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours. A
total of 180 10-day old SPF embryonated eggs were used for virus titration test. Results showed
no significant gross or physical changes were found on either in skim milk or PBS of
reconstituted IBD vaccine at 32°C. Total titres of these viruses of 5.10to 6.85 log10 EID50/ml
(1.10 to 2.85 log10/bird) in skim milk and 5.30 to 5.75 log10 EID50/ml (1.30 to1.75 log10/bird) in
PBS calculated from 1 to 5 hours of exposure time. These results suggested that the IBD vaccine
9050/93 strain was able to withstand its titre stability when reconstituted with skim milk and
PBS for effective use in the field.
64
ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ZERUMBONE FROM Zingiber zerumbet RHIZOMES
IN BALB/C MICE MODEL
1, 2
Heshu S. R., 1, 2Rasedee A., 2A. Bustamam A., 1Hemn Hassan O., 1, 2Zeenathul Nazariah
A. and 2Nozlina A. S.
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
Zerumbone (ZER) is a natural phytochemical compound isolated from Zingiber zerumbet (L.)
Smith rhizomes. The present investigation was planned to evaluate the effect of ZER on
histology of liver and kidneys as well as some of hepatic and renal function tests in laboratory
mice. Adult female and male BALB/c mice were orally administrated single dose of 100 and 200
mg/kg of pure ZER crystals in olive oil. Mortality, signs of toxicity, body weight, food
consumption and gross findings were observed for 14 days post treatment. No significant
differences were noticed in the body weights between the control and treated groups. In addition,
microscopic study of liver and kidneys in treated mice as well as serum biochemistry showed no
significant changes in comparing to untreated animals. These results stated that ZER is
toxicologically safe by oral administration at a dose greater than 200mg/kg.
HISTOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF WILD SHORTFIN EEL,
(Anguilla Bicolor bicolour MCCLELLAND, 1844) CAPTURED AT PULAU PINANG,
MALAYSIA
1
Shaqinah, N. N., 1Hassan, M. D., 1Zamri-Saad, M., 2Amal, M. N. A., 2Ismail, A. and
2
Zulkifli, S. Z.
1
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Abstract
Shortfin eels are widely distributed throughout the world. These eels have a catadromous life
history, migrate between inland or coastal growth habitats, and have offshore spawning.
However, their feeding behaviors are less studied. This study was undertaken to examine the
digestive tract of an indigenous Shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor to provide a basic
65
information on its microstructure and digestive physiology. The gastrointestinal tract of the eel is
a long, tubular structure which composed of four layers, namely mucosa, lamina propria,
muscularis and serosa. On cross section the oesophagus consists of highly folded lamina lined
with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and goblet cells which lays on highly
vascularized lamina propria. The stomach epithelium is lined with goblet cells and
pseudostratified columnar cells with short, broad and angular edges villi. The muscle layer of the
stomach consists of inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer. The intestine can be divided
into two parts namely anterior intestines and posterior intestines. The mucosa of anterior
intestine is protected with simple columnar cells with fewer goblet cells which rest on loose
connective tissues. The villi are coiled and tall with pointed end as compared to oesophagus
region. The epithelium of posterior intestines became progressively thicker and shorter and fully
covered with large goblet cells which sets on a vascularized lamina propria, followed with
muscularis mucosa, submucosa and circular muscle of muscularis externa. The findings
suggested that the histological features of Shortfin eel resembled other carnivorous fish and
proposed its feeding habits.
PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM PET DOGS AND CATS PRESENTED FOR
TREATMENT AT DVS PERAK CLINIC FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2012
Norashikin M. S., Nurul Fatiha A. S.,Roslina H., Naama T., Roseliza R., Erwanas Asmar I.,
Norazura A. H., Chin S. W., Zainab Z., Mazlan L., Surayani A. R., Aminah Kadariah A.
L., Azmaliza A. A., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400, Ipoh, Perak
Abstract
In view of the zoonotic potential of disease transmission in companion animals, an initiative to
screen cats and dogs presented at the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) Perak Small
Animal Clinic was conducted from January to December 2012. This activity was aimed at
elucidating the common pathogens found in pets since dogs and cats are competent reservoir
hosts of several zoonotic agents and have close contact with humans. Serum, whole blood, nasal
swab, skin scrapping, faecal and tick samples from a total of 38 dogs and 67 cats were
examinedand screened for potential zoonotic infection as well as tested for the presence of
antibodies against Leptospirosis, Melioidosis and Nipah Virus at the Veterinary Research
Institute (VRI) Ipoh.It was found that the zoonotic infections like Demodex sp., from skin and
Ascaris sp. and Ancylostoma sp. from faeces were evident in some of the animals. However,
bacterial infections from nasal swabs were common. The pets were found to be negative for
zoonotic infections such as Leptospirosis, Melioidosis, and NipahVirus. This indicates that the
66
companion animals are well taken care of and succumbed to only a few infections. However,
regular health screening and care is important to maintain their wellbeing.
SERODIAGNOSIS OF DOURINE (Trypanosoma equiperdum) FROM IMPORTED
HORSES IN MALAYSIA
Chin S. W., Premaalatha B., Norazura A. H., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Dourine from imported horses
using Complement Fixation Test. Dourine is classified as an OIE listed B disease (OIE
Terrestrial Manual, 2008), where equines are mainly susceptible to it and it had occurred in
many countries such as Africa, the Middle East, South America and Southeastern Europe.
Malaysia regularly imports Australian horses for the equestrian sector which encompasses
activities such as racing and endurance as well as other recreational or leisure activities in
Malaysia. As such, awareness towards this disease is important during importation of horses to
avoid bringing Dourine into Malaysia. A total of 288 horse sera samples obtained from animal
quarantine stations and private stables were examined for Dourine using Complement Fixation
Test. Results were serologically negative for Dourine in all the samples tested.
67
A CASE OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN AN EWE
1
Al-Sultan I. I., 1M. Azam Khan G., 1S. Jasni and 1A. Rahman A.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag 36, Pengkalan Chepa,
16100 Kota Bharu Kelantan, Malaysia
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is a tumour frequently found to occur in the reproductive tract of
sheep. This report describes the gross and histopathological characteristics of squamous cell
carcinoma on the head of a ewe. A sheep with a large mass of 9 cm X 15 cm on the right lateral
frontal region of the head was submitted for post mortem. Necropsy examination revealed a firm,
black lump with multiple cavitations containing whitish pus. The neoplastic mass infiltrated and
extended, completely covered the right eye. Other adjacent structures appeared normal.
Histopathological examination showed typical neoplastic squamous epithelial cells arranged as
islands and cords invading the basal membrane and dermis from the epidermis. There were focal
areas of necrosis, frequent and massive keratinisation and pronounced infiltration of
inflammatory cells predominantly mononuclear’s. This paper reports a well differentiated
malignancy of skin squamous epithelial/epidermal cells forming a carcinomatus mass at a site of
the head with abscess of skin not previously reported in ewe.
BRUCELLOSIS AND LEPTOSPIROSIS IN CATTLE FROM ABATTOIRS IN PERAK
Naim M. S., Fazly Ann Z. W. N. Maziah W. O. B., Geethamalar S. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
A study to identify the disease status of cattle in four abattoirs in Perak was carried out.
Specimens of nasal and vaginal swabs, condemned organs with lesions, blood, urine, ticks and
worms were collected from 53 cattle during the survey period. A total of 9 animals were
serologically positive for Brucellosis and Leptospirosis. Based on these findings, there is a
potential risk for zoonotic disease transmission to abattoir workers. Considering the significance
of these diseases, more samples should be collected and screened for zoonotic diseases.
68
EFFECT OF GESTA 110 SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF
GESTATING SOWS IN NORTHERN LUZON FARM, PHILIPPINES
Amelita Galban, Eduardo Tuason and Ray Saniana
Innotech Nutrition Solutions Canada
Abstract
The effect of Gesta 110 supplementation during pregnancy on performance parameters of sows
was studied. The trial comprised a total of 440 sows which were divided into equal number in
control group (n=220) and a treatment group (n=220). All animals were fed and received basic
compounded feed mixtures for pregnancy. The rations of the sows in the treated group were
supplemented with top dress of Gesta 110 @ 110 gm/ sow / day until 5 days before farrowing.
The animals of the control group received identical feed mixtures in identical amounts, but
without Gesta 110 supplementation. The results showed a higher average born alive piglets 9.94
(v 9.45 control); lower still birth 2.85% (v 4.14% control); higher litter size to weaning 9.12 (v
8.84 control); and higher weaning weight 9.10kg (v 7.05 kg control) at 28d weaning; lower preweaning mortality 8.30% (v 17.02% control). Overall, the study shows that dietary
supplementation with Gesta 110 during pregnancy showed a significance difference (<P0.05) in
the reproductive performance of sows independent of the age of sows.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PCR TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTION OF
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX FROM MILK AND ORGANS
M. Azlan J., Ho R. F., Tan T. L., Noorasyikin A., Shahidayani S., Norfaizah A. H.
and Akma N. H.
Central Regional Veterinary Laboratory, DVS, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, Sepang
Abstract
A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Complex (MTC) in milk and organs of infected cattle is developed. DNA was extracted from
milk and various organs including lymph node, lung, heart, kidney, spleen and liver. All of the
organ samples were tested by Ziehl Nelsen method. A total of 200 organs samples and 24 milk
samples were tested for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTC). 27
organs samples and 1 milk sample were found to be positive. The detection limit of PCR assay is
0.01 nanogram of DNA from sample. Specific oligonucleotide primer internal to the IS6110
69
region in Mycobacteria is used to amplify a 123bp fragment. Sequencing is used to demonstrate
the validity of this method.
IMPROVED DETECTION OF Brucella melitensis IN MILK
BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Nafizah M., Roseliza R., Nurizzati H., Khoo E., Naheed M. H., Khoo L. L., Rosna D.,
Rosnah Y., Saifu Nazri R. and Ramlan M.
Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh Perak.
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease worldwide. Infection in animals usually cause
reproductive problems while in human the infection leads to an intermittent fever commonly
known as undulant fever. Diagnosis of the disease by conventional bacteriological culture based
on isolation of the organism is tedious and time consuming. This study aimed to establish
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for rapid detection of Brucella melitensis infection in milk. In
this paper, we report reliable and highly sensitive PCR based method for detection of Brucella
melitensis directly in milk samples.
MILK COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF DAIRY CATTLE IN PERAK IN 2012
Lily Suhaida M . S., Noor Akmi M. N., Bohari J., Najamuddin M. Y. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
This paper reports the chemical composition and quality of milk samples from dairy cattle
submitted to Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) in year 2012. A total of 3,014 fresh milk
samples from the dairy farms around Perak were analysed for milk fat, solid non fat, total solids,
protein and added water using milk analyzer. The average levels of chemical compositions were
fat (4.13%), solid non fat (9.68%), total solids (13.82%), protein (3.65%) and added water (0.55).
By comparing with the Malaysians Food Regulations 1985, around 81.55%, 92.67%, 82.28%
and 92.34% of samples meet the standard for the fat content, solid non fat, protein and added
water, respectively. Based on total solids content, the results showed that the Grade A, Grade B
and Grade C of raw milk quality were 86.86%, 7.63% and 5.51%, respectively. Based on this
70
analysis, it was concluded that the composition and quality of dairy cattle milk samples collected
from farmers around Perak is considered as good quality milk, however it can be improved.
OCCURRENCE OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES IN CATTLE
Wint Wint Aung, Saleha A. A, Zunita, Z., and Murugaiyah M.
Abstract
Campylobacter spp are recognized as one of the major causes of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in
humans in developed countries with increasing threat to public health. In addition, members of
the genus Campylobacter have long been identified as an etiological agent of septic abortion in
both cattle and sheep. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of
Campylobacter spp in dairy and beef cattle. The rectal swab samples were cultured for
Campylobacter isolations by directly streaking on mCCDA (Oxoid) and incubated at 42˚C for 48
hr under microaerophilic conditions (5% O2, 10% CO2 and 85% N2) using CampyGen (Oxoid)
gas generating packs. The suspected isolates were presumptively identified by motility test, gram
staining and subjected to biochemical tests which include oxidase, catalase, urease, hippurate
hydrolysis and indoxyl actetate hydrolysis tests. The isolates were confirmed by multiplex PCR
and the primers used were to detect the genus Campylobacter and the species C. jejuni, C. coli,
C. lari and C. fetus. Thus far, 45 isolates (25%) out of 180 were found positive for
Campylobacter. Campylobacter jejuni (42%) was the most frequent species isolated followed by
C. fetus (24%) and C.coli (4%). Twenty-eight percent (28%) was unspecified Campylobacter
species. The study demonstrated that Campylobacter species are widely distributed among dairy
and beef cattle in Malaysia which may contaminate milk and beef which could pose as a public
health risk.
71
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON SERODIAGNOSIS OF ANAPLASMOSIS
IN LOCAL CATTLE IN MALAYSIA
1
Premaalatha B., 1Zaini C. M., 2Samantha P. C. Y., 1Chandrawathani P., 2Zaryshariman
Y., 1Chin S. W. and 1Ramlan M.
1
Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah , 31400 Ipoh, Perak , Malaysia
School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
2
Abstract
The serodiagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis was conducted on cattle serum samples of various
breed and mixed ages. The serum was randomly chosen from farms within the 13 different states
in Malaysia that was sent to the Veterinary Research Institute for disease screening. The serum
samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to Anaplasmosis marginale by Competitive
Enzyme-Linked Immonusorbant Assay (c-ELISA). Out of 418 serum samples, 328 (78.5%) were
tested positive for bovine anaplasmosis.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON METHANE PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS
FROM DAIRY FARM IN SEMENYIH
1
Tan T. L., 1Roslan M. Y., 2Nurul Aini, 2Syeh Hussein S. A. and 1Akma N. H.
1
2
Central Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, Sepang
Department of Veterinary Services, Wisma Tani, Presint 4, 62630 Putrajaya,
Abstract
Farm-scale digester below ground was operated to study the potential on biogas (methane)
production. For this purpose, the anaerobic digestion of dairy farm waste was performed at
optimal condition with average temperature of 28°C and pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.6in a 50m3
closed digester over three weeks period. The objective of this experiment is to study the strength
on biogas (methane) production through anaerobic digestion. The process performance was
evaluated based on the biogas production. Results showed that biogas (methane) production rate
ranging from 39% to 63% while carbon dioxide content contributing 18% to 39%.
72
PREVALENCE OF SARCOCYSTOSIS IN LARGE RUMINANT IN PERAK
Fazly Ann Z. A., M. Syamsul Naim N. A., Niny Fariza J., Wan Normaziah W. O. B.,
Geethamalar S., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of sarcocystosis in large ruminant
slaughtered in abattoir in the state of Perak, Malaysia. The fresh oesophagus and heart muscle
samples from cattle and buffaloes slaughtered in abattoir were examined macroscopically to look
for macroscopic-sarcocyst and proceed with digestion technique to detect the sarcocyst
bradyzoites. Parts of the samples were formalin preserved and undergo histological examination.
Out of 45 animals, 12 (26.7%) animals were infested with Sarcocystis spp. With regard to the
prevalence of sarcocystosis from the abattoir, it is strongly recommended to consume a
thoroughly cooked meat to reduce the incidence of sarcocystosis infestation in human.
PROGESTERONE PROFILE OF DORPER SHEEP UNDER INTENSIVE
AND SEMI INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Jasmi Y., B. Habsah T. A and Tg Fatihah Maisara
Strategic Livestock Research Centre, Stesen MARDI Kluang. P.O. Box 525, 86009 Kluang, Johor, Malaysia
Abstract
Dorper sheep has been identified as a potential breed for meat production in the tropical climate
of Malaysia under intensive and semi intensive management system .The aims of the study is to
compare the blood serum progesterone concentration profile of Dorper ewes under intensive and
semi intensive management system after parturation. The sheep were divided into two groups
and serum was collected after parturition every 2 days for 60 days. The result showed no
significant different on the blood serum progesterone concentration of Dorper sheep observed
between intensive and semi intensive management system. However the mean number of days
for ewes to shows the first peak in progesterone level were on day 16 for both intensive and semi
intensive management system with the mean blood serum progesterone concentration at 1.00
ng/ml and 1.02 ng/ml respectively.
73
SEROPREVALENCE STUDY OF CLA IN MALAYSIA
USING INDIRECT ELISA TECHNIQUE
Letchumi S., Naama T., Mardianty Mariam C. K., Mohd Riduan A. H. and Yeoh N. N.
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis has been a prevalent disease among farmed small ruminants in the
majority of goat-rearing countries for over a century. 446 goat sera were randomly selected from
20 farms from 10 different states of Malaysia. All serum samples were tested by Indirect ELISA
technique using VRI-tech CLA ELISA kit. The result showed that 103 samples (23.09%) were
positive; 319 samples (71.52%) were found negative and 24 samples (5.38%) were found
equivocate for CLA.
SEVERE ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE IN TWO FREE GRAZING
SMALLHOLDER GOAT FARMS IN MALAYSIA
1
Chandrawathani P., 1Premaalatha B., 1Nurulaini R., 1Erwanas A. I., 1Zaini C. M., 2Aizan
M. and 1Ramlan M.
1
2
Perak State Department of Veterinary Services, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
Abstract
The use of anthelmintics in Kinta district has been ineffective in varying degrees in small
ruminants due to anthelmintic resistance. In 2012, two goat farms experiencing severe mortality
up to 30% were tested for anthelmintic resistance using the faecal egg count reduction test with
four anthelmintic drugs namely benzimidazole, levamisole, ivemectin and closantel. Fifteen
animals were used in each group and treated according to the recommended dose rates based on
body weights and faecal egg counts and after the treatment, larval cultures were done. The
results showed that all four drugs showed severe resistance towards the strongyles of goats
namely Haemonchus contortus and Trichostongylus colubriformis. Advice to immediately stop
grazing, institute the cut and carry grass, improve the nutritional status, use the drug with least
resistance and monitor closely the overall health of goats with supplementary treatment was
advocated. Issues of the anthelmintic resistance were brought up for close scrutiny and
74
corrective measures by the veterinary authority to overcome the problem of which may escalate
to other farms and eventually may become a national problem.
STATUS OF BRUCELLOSIS AND MELIOIDOSIS IN SMALL RUMINANT FARM
FROM DIFFERENT DISTRICT OF PERAK
Norazura A. H., M. Bohari J., Ainani A., Fazly Ann Z., Norhafiza H, Azfarina Z., Lily
Rozita M. H., Abdul Sukor S., Roshaslinda D., Chin S. W., Zainab Z., Mazlan L., Aminah
Kadariah A. L., Surayani A. R., Azmaliza A. And Nor Ashikin S.
Abstract
Caprine Brucellosis and Melioidosis are caused by Brucella melitensis and Bukholderia
pseudomallei respectively. In this study, 5 farms from different districts of Perak were selected.
Twenty five animals were sampled from each farm. Sampling was done by collecting blood
through the jugular vein using Venoject® needle with needle holder and blood allowed to flow to
plain blood tube until 2/3 full. Then the blood was allowed to clot on its own and any enzyme
activity being stopped by letting it clot within its container. All tested serum underwent
inactivation process before being proceeded with Complement Fixation Test. Titre reading was
then tabulated and analyzed. From this study, only one farm was positive for Brucellosis and
another farm positive for Melioidosis. Both farms of each positive for Brucellosis and
Melioidosis were from different district.
SALMONELLA SEROTYPES ISOLATED FROM LIVESTOCK SPECIMENS
SUBMITTED IIN VRI FROM YEAR 2008 TO 2012
Thenamutha M., Naheed M.H., Roseliza R., Hasnah Y. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
This paper reports the distribution of Salmonella serotypes isolated from livestock specimens
submitted to the Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) for diagnosis. A total of 218 Salmonella
were isolated by the Mammalian Bacteriology Section of VRI from animal specimens between
the years of 2008 to 2012. Salmonella species have been isolated according to the standard
protocols. Serotyping of these Salmonella serovars was carried out by using slide agglutination
test according to the Kauffman-White classification scheme against battery of somatic flagellar
75
antisera. A total of 13 different serotypes were isolated from various animal species diagnosed in
VRI. The most common serovars isolated from poultry were S. enteritidis, S. albany and S.
tennesse. S. typhimurium has been found in chicken and duck from year 2009 to 2011. S. albany
was the most common serovars isolated from bovine followed by S. indiana and S. kottbus.
Isolation of S. dublin has been reported in year 2012. This report showed that S. typhimurium
mostly isolated in porcine while S. weltevreden was commonly isolated from caprine. Therefore,
awareness on the increasing pathogenic serotypes of Salmonella indicates the importance of
strict biosecurity, proper programmes and sanitation for livestock in Malaysia.
THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITION ON CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY PARAMETERS IN
SMALL RUMINANTS IN PERAK
M. Bohari J., Lily Suhaida M. S., Norazura A. H., Najamuddin Y., Adnan M., Mohd
Mustafa A. H., Zuraidah A., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
A study on the nutritional status of feed in five goat farms was conducted to evaluate the
management practises in relation to diseases encountered, under the ambit of the Small Ruminant
Programme of VRI from 2011 to 2012. Results of the nutritional analysis by proximate analysis
shows a stark reduction in the quality of grasses and pellets supplied to the animals daily. This
finding correlated with the reduction of serum albumin and urea nitrogen levels in goats in 14%
to 100% of the animals in the farms. Poor nutrition will affect the ability of animals to withstand
diseases and this programme has highlighted the importance of good nutrition in safeguarding
the animals.
76
SWIFLET
COMPOSITION OF MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS CONTENTS OF RAW
UNCLEAN AND RAW CLEAN EDIBLE BIRD NEST (EBN)
ANALYZED USING ICP-MS
Norakmar I., Roosnoor F. H., Izwan I., Nor Azlina J., and Faridah I.
Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services. Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, Sepang,
Selangor
Abstract
This study is conducted to investigate the contents and composition of minerals and trace
elements in Edible Bird Nest (EBN) in comparison with various reports from journals published
beforehand. As the most expensive traditional medicinal food, EBN has been known to contain
ingredients beneficial to human health and some of the important ingredients were minerals and
trace elements. The minerals in EBN sufficiently complement the needs of the human body to be
in superb conditions while the trace elements although in little amount, but essential in ensuring
the health of our body. In this study, raw unclean and raw clean EBN was analyzed for contents
of minerals, trace elements and heavy metals. Investigation using ICP-MS prior to complete
digestion of EBN using microwave digestion method yielded 9 common minerals, Na, Mg, Ca,
K, P, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn, with trace elements, Ni, Cr, Al, Pb and Se. No traces of prohibited
heavy metals as stated in Food Act 1983 were found except for very small amount of Pb in some
samples which does not exceed the regulation’s limits. Trace elements found needs to be
statistically analyzed further to evaluate whether significance of difference exist in bird’s nest
minerals and trace elements composition in relation to the environmental condition of nest
construction (bird’s house or cave), EBN processing methods and its geographical origin.
PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID PROFILES IN EDIBLE BIRD’S NESTS FROM SOUTH
AND EAST COAST MALAYSIA
Wan Syahidah H., Normah M. and Tony Albert.
Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services,
Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900 Sepang Selangor
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine and compare the protein content and amino acid profile
of edible bird’s nest (EBN) obtained from South and East Coast of Malaysia. A total of 39
77
unprocessed EBN samples from South (Johor) and East Coast (Kelantan) were collected for this
study. The samples were obtained from different parts of Johor and Kelantan. In this study,
protein was analysed using Kjeldahl method while amino acid analysis was performed as
described in Waters AccQ Tag Note with slight modifications using Waters HPLC Systems with
fluorescence detector. Protein analysis indicated that the average protein content of unprocessed
EBN from Kelantan and Johor were 55.01% and 54.27% respectively. There was no significant
difference (p>0.05) in protein content between unprocessed EBN from both states. The amino
acids content of unprocessed EBN comprised of essential amino acids and non essential amino
acids. The average of total essential amino acids in EBN from Kelantan and Johor were 23% and
20% repectively with arginines the major essential amino acids from both states. Serine was
found the major non essential amino acids in EBN amounting to 4.3-7.2%. There was no
significant difference (p>0.05) between essential amino acids and non essential amino acids in
unprocessed EBN from Kelantan and Johor. In conclusion, EBN was high in protein and non
essential amino acid that are important in cell’s energy production.
RAPID AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE SCREENING METHOD FOR PURE MALAYSIAN
SWIFLET’S NEST AND ITS POTENTIAL ADULTERANTS USING HANDHELD FTIR
Ketty, G. S. L., Roosnoor, F. H., and Faridah, I.
Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia, Jalan Nilai Banting, Bandar
Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900 Sepang, Selangor.
Abstract
The qualitative study on spectrums of pure Malaysian edible birdnest (EBN) and potential
adulterant was done using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with diffuse
reflectance interface to provide a non-destructive technique for purity testing. Adulterated
samples were prepared by in-house treatment with jelly, vermicelli rice, cellophane noodle and
egg white. Secondary protein (amides I, amides II and amides III) and cellulose peaks were
detected in the pure EBN spectra and can be presented as EBN’s fingerprint where these
characteristics were not seen in all respective adulterated samples. Therefore, the handheld FTIR
method developed in this study can be conveniently used to rapidly screen the genuine EBN
from the adulterated EBN whether in the laboratory or in the field.
78
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS OF WHITE EDIBLE BIRD’S
NEST SWIFTLET (AERODRAMUS FUCIPHAGUS)
1
Helen M, 3Intan-Shameha A. R, 2 Kamarudin M. I. and 3,4Zuki A. B. Z
1
2
Department of Veterinary Services, Wisma Tani, Podium Block, Lot 4G1, 62630 Putrajaya
Department of Veterinary Services Johor, Aras 5, Kompleks C25 East Wing, 79000 Nusajaya, Johor
3
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
4
Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 Serdang Selangor
Corresponding author: [email protected] / [email protected]
Abstract
In Malaysia, the A. fuciphagus were ranched for their valuable edible bird’s nest (EBN) in
modified bird’s houses equipped with bird’s calling system to attract the bird, suitable bird’s
house temperature, lighting and humidity control system. The white nest is made almost entirely
from saliva and highly priced due to its rich protein content and traditional medicinal benefits. In
this study, total of four birds (2 males, 2 females) were humanely euthanised and the Lingual,
Submandibular and Palatine glands were processed and examined under the Scanning (SEM) and
Transmission (TEM) electron microscope.SEM evaluation showed that there was no
ultrastructurally difference between the male and female birds. The anterior dorsal part of the
tongue comprised of relatively smooth surface lined by keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium and several longitudinal sulcus were observed. The posterior dorsal region presented
numerous conical papillae with gradually bigger in size started from the mid tongue towards the
posterior tongue. These structures were curved and inclined towards posterior. These mechanical
papillae are located symmetrically in the form of the letter ‘V’ converging in the median line of
the tongue and forming a characteristic lingual crest. The laryngeal papillae were seen
symmetrically at the posterior part of the tongue. The bifurcation of the apex of the tongue was
very obvious which were cleft at the mid lingual crest. Numerous, wide oriﬁces of lingual gland
can be found at the posterior ventral surface are located evenly on the whole anterior dorsal
surface of the lingual root. The surface of the submandibular gland was lobulated. TEM
examinations revealed that the lingual and submandibular glands consist of numerous
mitochondria and mucigens granules. The granules were used in the production of mucoid saliva
surrounding the nuclear and lined with pseudostratified epithelium with extensive lateral
interdigitation. There were numerous smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were
also present. The palatine glands showed a very obvious contact between tubular and acinar cells
of the palatine gland with numerous interdigitations. The acinar part was seromucous and those
of the tubular part are typically mucous. This showed that the palatine glands contained serous
and mucous type of saliva.
79
OTHERS
ADOPTION OF MOBILE DEVICES FOR DATA COLLECTION
IN THE JOHOR DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SERVICES
1
Nor Arlina Amirah A. G., 1M. Shahir Shamsir O., 1Chew Teong Han, 2Kamarudin M. I.
1
Bioinformatics Research Lab, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering,
University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
2
Johor State Department of Veterinary Services, Aras 4, Bangunan Dato’ Mohamad Ibrahim Munsyi,
Kota Iskandar, 79630, Musajaya, Johor, Malaysia
Abstract
Recent developments in mobile technologies have produced a novel communication stream –
instead of the usual voice calls and Short-Messaging-System (SMS) exchanges, users now
retrieve and send information via mobile apps. The flood of mobile devices across various
platforms, spurred by the open sourced Android operating system has extended the functionality
of the mobile phones and devices into every field imaginable, be it entertainment, utilities, or
productivity. Mobile device penetration adoption is high in developed countries and has
successfully integrates a number of technologies such as digital wallet, geo-location services,
image recognition (barcodes and QR) and proximity detection. Adoptions of mobile devices by
government agencies are increasing as the technical and economic investment needed for their
utilization are reduced. Using a new mobile app called VetAlert that we have developed for the
Johor Department of Veterinary Services (DVS), we conducted a pilot study to examine the
adoption process, its challenges and documented overall user experience during a fly eradication
program. Based on the standard operation procedures for animal disease control and
management outlined by the DVS, we identified several important technological and social
characteristics of the adoption process. These are hardware selection, operating systems, internet
connectivity, technological know-how of the adopters and the overall user experience while
using the VetAlert app. We believe that documentation of this information would assist policy
makers and technological implementers when tackling mobile device adoption in veterinary
services.
80
PRODUCTION OF RABBIT ANTI-GOAT IGG HORSE RADISH PEROXIDASE
SECONDARY POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY FOR THE USE IN BIOCHEMICAL ASSAY
1
Yeoh N. N., 1Ramlan M., 1Lily Suhaida M. S., 2Tan S. C. and 2Chan S. H.
1
2
University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang
Abstract
Secondary antibody is an antibody that binds to primary antibodies or antibody fragments
usually labeled with marker or enzyme that make them useful for detection of specific
biomolecules. They are widely used in biochemical immunoassay such as ELISA, western blot,
immunostaining and immunohistochemistry. The secondary antibody is expensive and its
purchase through government requisition is time-consuming. Therefore, the in-house production
of this antibody at the Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) facilitates the rapid availability of this
secondary antibody at cheaper cost. This paper describes the production of Rabbit anti-Goat IgG
Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) secondary polyclonal antibody conjugate that is comparable to
commercially available conjugates.
STORAGE STABILITY STUDY OF NDV VACCINE
Basirah M. A., Faizul F. M. Y., Syamsiah A. S., Leow B. L., M. Redzwan S., Ong G. H.,
Maizaitul Z., M. Jihan R., M. Hasrul A. H., Zunaida B. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
Two types of vaccine were compared to determine their storage stability. The vaccines were the
commercial V4HR locally produced and the Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) vaccine
candidate. Each of the vaccine strains were covered with aluminium foil by storing them at room
temperature. The stability of both vaccines was confirmed with haemagglutination (HA) test.
The aluminium foil covered VRI vaccine candidate gave stable titers up to the 12th day at room
temperature. V4HR vaccine produced stable titer of 256HA up to 12th day. Based on the result,
VRI vaccine candidate is comparable with V4HR vaccine. Both vaccines are stable for
thermostable vaccines production against NDV.
81
THE STUDY OF SELECTED VRI BACTERIAL VACCINE PRODUCTS WITH LOCAL
VACCINATION PROGRAMME IN 2006 to 2012
M. Azrul Nizam J., A. Shukri A., Azizah D., A. Sukor S., Rohani S.,
M. A. Rani M. O., Norliza W. and Rohayu M. N.
Abstract
Vaccinology is a way to improve the health and welfare of animals as well as to increase
production of livestock in a cost-effective manner, and to prevent animal-to-human disease
transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife. Since 1979, Veterinary Research Institute
(VRI) has become among the local vaccine producers to cope with the demand of certain
Malaysian livestock. The VRI vaccine products are well known to the consumers based on their
good protection against diseases and the strict procedures of quality control implied before any
batch of vaccine can be released out. VRI produces bacterial vaccine products such
Haemorrhagic septicaemia Double Adjuvant vaccine (HSDA), Haemorrhagic septicaemia Alum
Precipitated vaccine (HSAP) and Duck Pasteurellosis Alum Precipitated vaccine (DPAP). The
states Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) are the main buyers for Hemorrhagic
septicaemia (HS) vaccine while the Duck Pasteurella (DP) vaccine is mostly being used among
the private sector. Based on the analysis of VRI vaccine production, the vaccine sales to the state
DVS showed that for HSAP the highest sales was in 2009 (1,590) bottles, while for highest sales
of HSDA was in 2006 (1,843 bottles) and for DPAP was in 2008 (505 bottles). The vaccine
sales to the private sector revealed that for the highest sales of HSAP vaccine was in 2010 (570
bottles), HSDA in 2006 (660 bottles) and DPAP in 2010 (4,046 bottles). The demand in HS
vaccine especially HSAP were high in 2006 till 2009 correlated to the outbreaks of HS in the
northern part of Peninsular Malaysia as they are being used for the preventive measure, while
HSDA is mainly being used in the annual vaccination to certain risk areas. As for DPAP, the
continuous demand from private sector showed an active vaccination program being applied
within the commercial duck farms.
82
VECTOR FLY TRAPPING: A CONTROL OPTION IN FARMS WITH FLY MENACE
Erwanas A. I., Jamnah O., M. Masrin A., M. Hasril M. J, Premaalatha B., Zaini C. M.,
Lily Rozita M. H., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M.
Abstract
Biting flies are important vectors for disease transmission in ruminants such as cattle and
buffaloes where pathogenic organisms such as Trypanosoma evansi are transmitted. The
Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) carried out a study on the use of 2 types of traps to catch
these flies namely the Nzi and Vavuoa traps, in the compound of VRI as well as in one ruminant
farm. Results indicate that the traps are efficient in trapping biting flies such as Stomoxys,
Haematobia and Musca species. These traps can be used for the eco friendly control of flies in
farms as well as a tool to collect vectors of veterinary importance.
83
25TH VAM CONGRESS 2013
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Afdal Handal Sdn Bhd
Asia Farming (J) Sdn Bhd
Aurum Paradisa Sdn Bhd
Bintak Sdn Bhd
De Luxe Circle (M) Sdn Bhd
Desa Integrated Food Industries Sdn Bhd
Ecolite Biotech Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
Ezam & Associates Sdn Bhd
Elanco Animal Health
Global Pets Veterinary Clinic and Surgery
Global Veterinary Sdn Bhd
KISM Sdn Bhd
KM Vet Pharm Sdn Bhd
Koperasi Kakitangan Veterinar Johor Berhad
Leong Hup Group – Ayam A1
Leong Hup Holdings Berhad
Multipac Enterprise
Pets Corner Sdn Bhd
PK Agro-Industrial Produk (M) Sdn Bhd
Powerec Technology Services
Prestige Fortune Sdn Bhd
Peranan Sejati Sdn Bhd
Rhone Ma Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Scil Diagnostics Sdn Bhd
Secret Recipe Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
Sinmah Multifeed Sdn Bhd
Sunzen Biotech Bhd.
Taipei Food Product Sdn Bhd
Teo Seng Farming Sdn Bhd.
Umar bin Othman
Wan Malinja Food Industries Sdn Bhd
Yau Enterprise
Zoetis
84
ADVERTISEMENT
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
AUTOGRAPH
96

Final Buku program Vam 06092013edit

Transcription

Similar documents

Citrawarna Malaysia

DPS - Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences

Flag Off Ceremony, Malaysia, 10th September 2009

Danmarks Eksportråd

Teenage Issues and Challenges

WRITER: BAKRi BAhAROM

johor singapore

A Crash Course in Canine and Feline Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

as PDF file

Koperasi Kastam Diraja Malaysia Berhad (KOSKAM)