Note book 12-15 years old
Transcription
Note book 12-15 years old
Draw what much affects you, an artefact you especially like : See you soon at the Airborne Museum ! 14, rue Eisenhower - 50480 Sainte-Mère-Eglise Tél. 02 33 41 41 35 [email protected] - www.airborne-museum.org e d i u g ld o e t i Vis years 15 2 1 map of the museum history check... 1940 May 10th: Nazi-Germany invades France Belgium and Luxembourg. France is overcome by the «Blitzkrieg». You are about to visit the Airborne Museum. This museum opened in 1964, in the heart of the village of Sainte-Mère-Eglise. Here, in June 1944, the very first combats between the Allies and the Germans took place in the campaign to liberate France from German occupation. via June 22nd: France is defeated, Marechal Petain signs the armistice with Nazi-Germany. June 18th: From London, England, General De Gaulle appeals to the French people to join the resistance. October 24th: The French Vichy regime adopts a policy of collaboration with Germany. The rest of France is subjected to German occupation. 1941 1942 December 1941: The U.S. declares war on Japan. The war becomes total and global. The museum traces the story of the paratroopers of the American 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions who parachuted into Sainte-Mère-Eglise and the surrounding countryside during the night of June 5th/6th 1944. Enjoy your visit ! 1941-1942: Battle in the deserts of North Africa. 1943 1944 FOcus on June 6th to August 21st: D.Day landings and the Battle of Normandy. August 15th: Amphibious landing on France’s south coast, opening of a second front (Operation Dragoon). August 25th: Paris is liberated. September: Operation Market Garden in Holland. Décembre : Battle of the Bulge in Belgium. 1945 May 8th: Armistice - The end of the war in Europe. The Allied invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch). May: Arrival of the paratroopers of the 82nd Airborne in Morocco. July: Paratroops jump into Sicily (Operation Husky). September: Assault jump spearheads the allied invasion of Italy (Operation Avalanche) 3 Before starting your visit... 1 On the map of Normandy below, draw a circle around the red dot at the location of Sainte-Mère-Eglise. (If you don’t know, there are maps in the museum to help you). You need to know that American soldiers who fought at Sainte-Mère-Eglise landed by parachute and glider. waco building THE WACO GLIDER 2 The paratroops were the first to set foot on Normandy soil in the night of June 5th/6th. They were followed a few hours later by gliders towed by airplanes. What was the function of the gliders? Mer de laChannel Manche English H AH UT AC BE .............................................................................. CH H EA AC CH BE AB CH H D EA A L EA B OB OM GO N D JU OR SW ..................................................................................... 3 When you look at the panels near the glider, what can you say about the landing of gliders? Why did this happen? BAYEUX .............................................................................. CAEN Zones de débarquement Amphibious landing zone maritime Parachute drop zones Avancée troupes au soir juin Advances des of the allied troops bydu the6end Avions C-47transporting larguant lesthe parachutistes C-47 aircraft paratroops of June 6th ..................................................................................... Zones de parachutage .............................................................................. ..................................................................................... ..................................................................................... Airborne operations secured the eastern and western sides of the invasion zone. During your visit, you will be able to fill in the names of the landing beaches on your map. Keep your eyes open! The mission of the airborne divisions* was to gain control of the road and bridges in the area in order to prevent German reinforcements from getting to the beaches. 4 i p An airborne division is a grou of soldiers which is transported to the battle zone by aircraft and parachuted, or by glider. Supplies, medical equipment etc. also arrived by glider. 4 Look at the display cases and find a drink that the American soldiers brought with them to France in 1944, French people still drink it today. What is it ? .......................................... 5 C-47 building 5 Go at the display cases containing first aid equipment. In your opinion was this used for: Minor domestic accidents Treatment of wounds as quickly as possible, directly on the spot THE ALLIES GO TO WAR TO LIBERATE FRANCE 6 Every soldier in combat wears a «dog tag». These metal plates give indications about the identity of the wearer. Try to find one. Why are there two tags? TRAINING IN ENGLAND AND DEPARTURE 8 i Find the display based on this photograph. General Eisenhower is talking with a group of soldiers. One of his missions was to organize and command the Normandy Invasion. (Code named: Operation Overlord). Look at the display and the photograph, which elements show that they are about to go in combat? England ne is in 4 just This sce 5th 194 re the on June fo e b ours a few h ps (including oo off for Allied tr ers) set p o o tr para y. Normand ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... .............................................................................. ..................................................................................... 9 General Dwight D. Eisenhower had a very close relationship with his men. Do you know why he came to meet them just before their departure? .............................................................................. 7 Which airborne divisions came to SainteMère-Eglise zone? Find the display with these two badges for the answer. - ....................................................... - ...................................................... 6 ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... 10 Look at the paratroopers’ badges, can you tell which division they are part of? ....................................... 7 11 Use your knowledges to connect the names England, Normandy and Calais to their right location on the map. 12 With the help of the map you completed, use these words in your answers to the following questions (beaches, supplies, distance, soldiers, England, the Atlantic Wall*). - Germans believed that the invasion would have take place at Calais... Why? England ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... Normandy - Why did the Allies finally choose Normandy for the landings? ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... i Calais The coasta l fortificatio ns built by G ermans from Norway to Holland in order to re pel any Allie d invasion wer e collectivel y called «The Atlantic Wal l» OPERATION TITANIC 13 i after 944, edrly 1 it a n e U e nd s 43 a in th ision In 19 rainings orne div r to t e b long , the Air nd in ord the r s la State p in Eng mandy fo ing u in r meet ser to No g. The tra lo in c d . n e e r la b erthe soon very inuing ov t n is co Find the Operation Titanic display. What were the objectives of this action? ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... 8 9 "opÉration neptune" building Answer the next questions in the two rooms after the aeroplane 15 i n chose was d n h a t 6 June moonlight e f r o e date oth w ble The avora ions for b th. The f s it condit , 6th and 7 th but for ideal 5 th tides, t for the 5 to go on rs due s s hou 4 2 foreca l plan wa a ed by origin was delay hannel! c y a e D-D in th torm to a s i SAINTE-MÈRE-ÉGLISE Look at the maps showing the real and planned drop zones of the airborne troops. What can you say about them? « Opera tion Nep tune » was the codenam e for the assa ult phase of the Normand y landing . ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... How does the battle seem to start for the paratroopers and why? ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... 16 John Answer this question before going into the aeroplane. Why were flooded marshlands a problem for the paratroopers? io le rad ...................................................................................... When you see the signs with John the radio operator, you can get more information. ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... 14 10 The American paratroopers had specific missions. Why was it important to take control of the town of Sainte-Mère-Eglise? (Tick the boxes with the right answers) ...................................................................................... 17 . To deny the Germans access to the coast (landing zone) Large fields near the town of Sainte-Mère-Eglise were suitable for landing gliders. ...................................................................................... To take control of the main roads and bridges over the rivers in the area. ...................................................................................... There were many German generals in Sainte-Mère-Eglise. Bearing in mind the answers to the previous questions and your experience in the plane, how do you imagine the soldiers must have felt on D-Day? ...................................................................................... 11 18 Many of the paratroopers who landed in the town square at Sainte-Mère-Eglise were killed by Germans. What was the name of the soldier who was caught up on the church tower? ........................................................ CIVILIANS 21 Go and take a look at this wedding dress. What material do you think it is made of? What can we deduce from this about the civilians living conditions at the time? ................................................................ Now go through the Battle of the Hedgerows section. .................................................................. ................................................................... THE BATTLE OF THE HEDGEROWS 19 The battle of the hedgerows leads all the way to Cherbourg in the North of the peninsula. Why did the Allies need to achieve this objective as soon as possible? ................................................................... 22 In what ways can we say that war was «Total» for French people? ...................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... While waiting for the port of Cherbourg to be liberated, artificial harbors were constructed on the landing beaches, can you name one of them? ...................................................................................... 20 ESPACE MÉMOIRE 23 Take a look at this photograph; from what you have experienced and learnt going through the Battle of the Hedgerows section, can you say why this battle was so long and difficult to win? 12 i en civilians are Total war is wh e military. ch ....................................................... involved as mu easUnthited States, For example, in th ed to the war ....................................................... civilians contributhig her taxes to effort by paying l cost and cia an fin e th ........................................................ help with re in the mo ch by working mu industry. g ......................................................... weapons manufacturin In your opinion, why is it important to remember what happened in 1944? ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ......................................................... ...................................................................................... ......................................................... ...................................................................................... ......................................................... ...................................................................................... ......................................................... ...................................................................................... 13 24 25 Many soldiers sacrificed their life to win back our ....................... . Using the clues, fill in the boxes and find the missing words. Write a letter that an American soldier could have written to his mother, brother or friend (explain what you have done, what you feel, etc.) ...................................................................................... ? ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... 1 ...................................................................................... 2 ...................................................................................... 3 ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... 4 ...................................................................................... 5 ...................................................................................... 6 ...................................................................................... 7 ...................................................................................... 1 : This is the country from where the Allies departed for the D-Day invasion. 2 : Some of the airborne troops arrived by parachute, others landed by? 3 : The name of the museum you are visiting today. 4 : The long hard battle in the fields and lanes was called the battle of the ? 5 : The name of the American general in command of Operation Overlord. 6 : A war which involves both civilians and the military. 7 : The region of France where the D-Day landings took place. ...................................................................................... The hidden word is what allies won back for French people in 1944 and what we must preserve forever. ...................................................................................... Go to the last building to watch the film ! ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... 14 © Airborne Museum / Toute reproduction partielle est strictement interdite. Crédits photographiques et sources iconographiques : © Musée Airborne, Archives départementales, NARA. Typographies : «Verdana» et «Multilingual Hand».
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