Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Fluid Fitting System

Transcription

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)
Fluid Fitting System
Product Handbook & Engineering Data
Aerofit, Inc.
APT Laboratory
1425 South Acacia Avenue
Fullerton, CA 92831
Main: 714-521-5060
Fax: 714-535-9862
www.aerofit.com
Our Company:
Aerofit Products was formed on September 5, 1968 and APT Laboratories was
established as a hydro-mechanical testing laboratory in March 1972.
In March 2004 Aerofit Products and APT were acquired by the present owners
and renamed Aerofit, Inc.
Aerofit and APT have grown into one of the largest suppliers of standard and specialty fittings in the world. Our manufacturing and testing facilities now encompass over 67,000 square feet.
Aerofit designs, manufactures and tests thousands of parts for application in military aerospace, commercial aerospace, marine and nuclear markets. In addition to
proprietary parts, we also produce parts to customer specifications, and industry
standards.
Our goal is to supply our customers with economical, high quality fluid fitting systems and information through a modern production facility and responsive customer support network.
Since it was founded, Aerofit has demonstrated its commitment to quality through
continuous improvement in its production and product support processing.
The SMA Fitting System
The SMA Fitting System
The SMA product line is a high performance fluid fitting system using the unique characteristics of Tinel, a shape
memory alloy material.
Many metals exhibit a phase change as they are heated and cooled. We can illustrate
this using a crude ‘stick and ball’ model of the metallic lattice.
The phase change is an instantaneous shear transformation between a body centered
cubic structure called austenite and a highly twinned martensite structure.
Shape Memory Alloys are a special class of alloys which not only change phase on
cooling or heating but have the particular characteristic of a low temperature phase
which gives the appearance of increased ductility.
Austenite
Martesite
The higher temperature austenitic structure
has the characteristic stress strain curve of
most metals.
Stress
The lower temperature martensitic structure
has a stress strain curve more like that of an
elastomer in which there is a ‘plateau’ stress.
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4
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Strain%
8
All the deformation up to about 8% is “elastic” or in other words it can
be recovered but not by simply relaxing the stress while in the martensitic condition.
Let’s go back to the ‘stick and ball’ model. We cool the material and it becomes martensitic. It does not change
shape by being cooled, but we can now deform it mechanically. If it stays cold it will remain deformed, but if
we allow it to warm up, the austenitic structure reappears and the material returns to its original shape.
This cycle from austenitic to martensitic to deformed martensitic and
back to austenitic is repeatable indefinitely and is what we call ‘free recovery‘. It is important to note that it is a one way process.
Cool
At Aerofit a Tinel coupling or separable
end fitting is machined at room temperaDeform
ture, in its high strength (austenitic) state,
Warm
(max 8% strain)
to an inside diameter slightly smaller than
the pipes or tubes it is to join. The component is then cooled in liquid nitrogen
and the metallurgical characteristics of the alloy change to a lower strength (martensitic) state. With the coupling in this lower strength, cooled state, a tapered
mandrel is driven through its center, expanding the inside diameter of the coupling.
The coupling remains in cold storage in its expanded condition until ready for
use. It is then removed from this container and slipped over the tube or pipe ends
to be joined. As the coupling warms to room temperature, it reverts back to its
high-strength state and attempts to recover to its original shape while exerting
tremendous radial force. This permanent, live crimp action establishes a leak free, metal to metal seal between
the coupling and the tube or pipe throughout the life of the joint.
Liquid Nitrogen Bath
This product line includes permanent couplings called CryoFit and separable end fittings called CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared). CryoFlare is also available in a lightweight version.
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The SMA Fitting System is designed for use on 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 psi hydraulic systems that incorporate titanium, stainless steel, and aluminum tubing materials. The SMA Fitting System is easier and less costly
to install than such traditional joining methods as welding, brazing, and swaging. It meets or exceeds the burst,
impulse, and fatigue requirements of welded or brazed joints.
SMA FITTING SYSTEM BENEFITS:
Aerofit, Inc.’s SMA fitting system is an excellent example of a product that helps customers dramatically reduce
traditional assembly process costs and offers many advantages such as:
1. No expensive tooling
2. Limited access capability
3. No leaks
4. Light weight
5. Visual inspection
6. Quick & easy installation
7. Technical support
8. No hot work or flushing
9. No X-ray
1. No expensive tooling - Since installation tools are not required, SMA fittings can be installed with equal ease
on or off an aircraft, producing separable or permanent joints of the highest quality and reliability.
In comparison with alternative methods, process throughput increases have been demonstrated without any
additional investment in manpower or capital. Dramatic reductions in production flow time, manufacturing
labor and required skill level are achievable.
2. Limited access capability - Installation of a the SMA Fitting System can be easily achieved in densely packed,
tight access areas due to the unique toolless package. The installer needs only his/her hand, which allows for
simple installation in any area accessible by the installer’s fingers.
3. No leaks – The SMA Fitting System’s product lines are tailored to the demanding performance requirements
of the aerospace industry. It has been thoroughly tested and approved and meets or exceeds high-performance
aircraft fitting requirements, including AS18280, AS85421, AS85720, and major OEM specifications. The
CryoFit coupling is rated up to 5000 PSI working pressure, and provides a highly reliable metal to metal connection that is both leak proof and permanent.
4. Light weight – Since no bulky tooling is required designers can eliminate the need for “tool access” bends.
CryoFit’s tool-less installation
allows simplest, lightest design
Tool envelope - must be
designed in for external swage
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The SMA system can be installed adjacent to bends because no tool envelope spacing is required allowing the designer to reduce tube length
Reduced Tube Length
and system weight.
Axially Swaged
As a reference the CryoFlare and CryOlive end fittings are about 10%
lighter than a comparable welded on fitting.
5. Visual Inspection – Preparation, installation, and inspection of a SMA
joint takes only seconds, reducing overall installation costs and producing a superior joint. Dissimilar pipe and tube materials may be connected to each other, since Tinel does not support galvanic corrosion.
Additionally, tubes with different wall thicknesses can be connected.
6. Quick & easy installation – The installation of an SMA fitting takes about
SMA
5 seconds. Operators with minimal training easily install SMA fittings,
producing consistent results. No bulky swaging tools or welding equipment are required. The entire pipe or tube preparation, installation and
inspection of a joint takes only minutes and is a fraction of the time required for welding or brazing
7. Technical Support – Requests for quotes or general pricing information are handled quickly. Aerofit, Inc.
encourages customers to call for answers to technical questions on applications, installation and product
design. Prompt response to these inquiries is aimed at the most proficient and cost effective use of Aerofit,
Inc.’s products
All of Aerofit, Inc.’s products are evaluated and qualified in the company’s own testing facilities and independent laboratories. Validation of product performance is proven through extensive testing of sealing integrity,
flexure fatigue, impulse and burst strength. Product quality, reliability and consistency are ensured by careful
control of raw materials and the use of statistical process control during machining. Aerofit, Inc. also maintains complete documentation and traceability at each step of the manufacturing process. The company is
both NADCAP and AS9100 certified.
8. No hot work or flushing – Unlike welding and brazing, SMA Fitting installation presents no danger of damage
to neighboring components from flame or splatter. It produces no contaminants, so does not require fume
extraction. Since it is installed directly on clean pipe or tube without contamination of the system by flux,
slag or oxides, there is no need to flush the system.
9. No X-ray - Inspecting the SMA installation simply requires verifying that the fitting lines up with the preinstallation position marks. It does not require x-ray certified inspectors or expensive equipment.
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Couplings & Compatibles
COUPLINGS AND COMPATIBLES - CRYOFIT
Introduction
CryoFit Couplings
CryoFit couplings and CryoyFit Compatible fitting shapes are
complete systems used in joining aerospace tubing. The CryoFit
fitting system combines superior performance and high reliability with easy installation and inspection. The CryoFit system consists of SMA couplings and a wide array of non SMA
shape fittings (tees, elbows, crosses, etc.).
The compact, one piece CryoFit coupling is manufactured
from Tinel, a nickel-titanium alloy with shape memory characteristics.
CryoFit Compatable
CryoFit Compatible fittings are manufactured from titanium,
and in conjunction with the CryoFit coupling, they produce a
complete system. An extensive selection of fittings is available for both separable and permanent connections.
CryoFit Couplings are installed by simply positioning the coupling at a tube joint or tube and CryoFit Compatible fitting leg, and allowing the coupling to warm from its cryogenic storage temperature. As it warms, the
coupling shrinks and crimps down on the tube or compatible fitting with tremendous radial force, forming a
permanent, metal to metal seal by coining the surface of the tube.
CryoFit couplings are easier and less costly to install than traditional joining methods such as welding, brazing
and swaging. Installation of a CryoFit coupling can be easily achieved in densely packed, tight access areas due
to the unique tool less package. The package allows for simple installation in any area accessible by the installer’s
fingers. Preparation, installation, and inspection of a CryoFit joint takes only seconds, reducing overall installation costs.
The shape memory capability of Tinel ensures that the couplings always
shrink with the same force, making consistent, repeatable connections.
CryoFit fitting systems meet or exceed high performance aircraft fitting
requirements, including AS85421, AS85720, AS18280, ISO7169 and
OEM specifications.
The accuracy of a CryoFit installation is easily verified. A quick visual
inspection ensures that the couplings have been properly positioned.
The CryoFit fitting systems have an outstanding record of over 39 years
of leak free performance in the demanding aerospace industry. Their
permanent, live crimp action creates a metal to metal seal that is often
stronger than the tubing it joins.
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Expanded couplings have an inside
diameter slightly larger than the tube
outside diameter
As the coupling warms and recovers
it swagers on the tubing generating a
highly reliable metal to metal seal
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2000 PSI CRYOFIT COUPLINGS
2PHS111 COUPLING
C
A
B
PART NUMBER
TUBE SIZE
A
EXPANDED
(MIN)
B
RECOVERED
(MAX)
C
+.010
RECOVERED
2PHS111-20
1.250
1.259
1.517
2.322
2PHS111-24
1.500
1.510
1.724
2.500
NOTES:
1. RECOVERED DIMENSIONS ARE FOR A FREELY RECOVERED COUPLING I.E., NOT INSTALLED ON TUBING.
2. MATERIAL: TINEL ALLOY
3. COUPLING IS INTENDED FOR USE IN FLUID SYSTEMS WITH OPERATING PRESSURE UP TO 2000 PSI.
4. PART NUMBER EXAMPLE:
2PHS111 – 24
SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE IN .062
INCREMENTS
BASIC PART NUMBER
5. DRY FILM LUBRICANT ON TAIL ONLY
6. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES.
7. COUPLINGS SHALL BE PERMANENTLY AND LEGIBLY MARKED WITH MANUFACTURERS IDENTIFICATION, PART NUMBER AND LOT NUMBER.
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14 MPa (2000 PSI) METRIC CRYOFIT COUPLINGS
M2PHS111 METRIC COUPLING
C
A
B
B
RECOVERED
(MAX)
C
+.030
RECOVERED
NOMINAL
WEIGHT
(GRAMS)
PART NUMBER
TUBE SIZE
A
EXPANDED
(MIN)
M2PHS111-08
8
8.15
10.4
22.3
3.8
M2PHS111-12
12
12.2
14.4
29.5
6.9
M2PHS111-16
16
16.2
19.0
36.9
14
M2PHS111-18
18
18.22
21.4
40.7
20
M2PHS111-22
22
22.23
26.1
48.3
35
M2PHS111-28
28
28.23
33.1
59.5
69
NOTES:
3. COUPLING IS INTENDED FOR USE IN FLUID SYSTEMS WITH OPERATING PRESSURE UP TO 14 MPa (2000
PSI).
M2PHS111 – 12
SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE
BASIC PART NUMBER
6. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
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3PHS111 COUPLING
C
A
B
B
RECOVERED
(MAX)
C
RECOVERED
NOMINAL
WEIGHT
(GRAMS)
PART NUMBER
TUBE SIZE
A
EXPANDED
(MIN)
3PHS111-04
.250
.255
.350
.971 / .991
.009
3PHS111-06
.375
.381
.492
1.292 / 1.312
.020
3PHS111-08
.500
.508
.649
1.594 / 1.614
.043
3PHS111-10
.625
.633
.814
1.897 / 1.917
.081
3PHS111-12
.750
.759
.971
2.205 / 2.225
.133
3PHS111-16
1.00
1.009
1.293
2.835 / 2.855
.302
3PHS111-20
1.250
1.259
1.505
2.496 / 2.516
.280
3PHS111-24
1.500
1.510
1.705
2.674 / 2.694
.290
NOTES:
4.PART NUMBER EXAMPLE:
3PHS111 – 08
INCREMENTS
BASIC PART NUMBER
7. COUPLINGS SHALL BE PERMANENTLY AND LEGIBLY MARKED WITH MANUFACTURERS IDENTIFICATION, PART NUMBER AND LOT NUMBER
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4PHS111 COUPLING
C
A
B
B
RECOVERED
(MAX)
C
RECOVERED
NOMINAL
WEIGHT
(GRAMS)
PART NUMBER
TUBE SIZE
A
EXPANDED
(MIN)
4PHS111-04
.250
.255
.345
.687 / .707
.005
4PHS111-06
.375
.381
.533
.937 / .958
.018
4PHS111-08
.500
.508
.664
1.178 / 1.198
.031
4PHS111-10
.625
.633
.815
1.426 / 1.446
.057
4PHS111-12
.750
.759
.961
1.678 / 1.698
.087
4PHS111-14
.875
.884
1.118
1.920 / 1.960
.139
4PHS111-16
1.00
1.009
1.275
2.170 / 2.210
.208
4PHS111-20
1.250
1.259
1.589
2.700 / 2.740
.397
NOTES:
4PHS111 – 08
INCREMENTS
BASIC PART NUMBER
12
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5PHS111 COUPLING
C
A
B
B
RECOVERED
(MAX)
C
+.010
RECOVERED
NOMINAL
WEIGHT
(GRAMS)
PART NUMBER
TUBE SIZE
A
EXPANDED
(MIN)
5PHS111-04
.250
.255
.345
.709
.006
5PHS111-06
.375
.381
.505
.962
.016
5PHS111-08
.500
.508
.670
1.216
.035
5PHS111-10
.625
.633
.836
1.473
.066
5PHS111-12
.750
.759
1.003
1.739
.112
5PHS111-16
1.00
1.009
1.334
2.272
.259
NOTES:
3PHS111 – 08
INCREMENTS
BASIC PART NUMBER
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CRYOFIT COMPATIBLES PERMANENT FITTINGS
STRAIGHT
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS 112
XPHS112-10
Port #2
ADAPTER,
BULKHEAD
SEALING
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XPHS113
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS113-10
Port #2
Port #1
ADAPTER,
BULKHEAD
NON SEALING
UNJF THREAD
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS112-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS113-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS144
XPHS144-10
Port #2
ADAPTER,
BULKHEAD
NON SEALING
UNJF THREAD
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XPHS114
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS114-10
Port #2
Port #1
ADAPTER,
BULKHEAD
(THICK)
SEALING
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS119
XPHS144-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS114-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS119-10-08
Port #2
UNION
NA
Port #1
14
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
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PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS123
XPHS123-10
PLUG
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XPHS124
Port #1
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #2
Port #2
ADAPTER,
BULKHEAD
SEALING,
FLANGED HEX
ADAPTER,
BULKHEAD,
BLANK,
SEALING,
FLANGED HEX
NON REDUCER
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
NA
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS124-10
XPHS128
Port #1
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS124-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
NA
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS128-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
15
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
NA
BASIC NUMBER
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ELBOW
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS211
XPHS211-10
ELBOW, 90˚
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS212
XPHS212-10
ELBOW, 45˚
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS213
XPHS213-10
ELBOW, 90˚,
BULKHEAD
SEALING
Port #1
Port #2
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XPHS214
Port #1
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS214-10
ELBOW, 45˚,
BULKHEAD
SEALING
Port #2
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS211-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS212-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS213-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS214 10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS215
XPHS215-10
ELBOW, 90˚,
BULKHEAD
NON SEALING
UNJF THREAD
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #2
16
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS215-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
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PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS236
XPHS236-10
ELBOW, 90˚,
BULKHEAD NON
SEALING UNJF
THREAD
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS216-10
XPHS216
ELBOW, 45˚,
BULKHEAD NON
SEALING UNJF
THREAD
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS238
XPHS238-10
ELBOW, 45˚,
BULKHEAD NON
SEALING UNJF
THREAD
Port #1
Port #2
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XPHS 228
Port #1
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS228-10
ELBOW, 90˚,
BULKHEAD
SEALING
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #2
17
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS236-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS216-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS238-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS228-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
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TEE & CROSS
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS311
XPHS311-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE
Port #3
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XPHS312
TUBE SIZE PORT #2 & #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS312-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE BULKHEAD, 2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
SEALING ON
4=4000 PSI
RUN
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS311-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS312-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS313
XPHS313-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE BULKHEAD, 2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
SEALING ON
SIDE BRANCH 4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #1
XPHS314-10
Port #2
TEE BULKHEAD
ON RUN NON
SEALING UNJF
THREAD
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
XPHS313-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS314
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
XPHS314-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
XPHS344
XPHS344-10
Port #1
Port #2
TEE BULKHEAD
ON RUN NON
SEALING UNJF
THREAD
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #3
18
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS344-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
www.aerofit.com
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS315
XPHS315-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE BULHEAD
ON SIDE
BRANCH NON
SEALING UNJF
THREAD
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS315-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #3
XPHS345
XPHS345-10
Port #1
Port #2
TEE BULHEAD
ON SIDE
BRANCH NON
SEALING UNJF
THREAD
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS345-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #3
XPHSC1
XPHSC1-10
Port #4
Port #1
CROSS
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #2
TUBE SIZE PORT #1, #2
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHSC1-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #3
19
www.aerofit.com
CRYOFIT COMPATIBLES BEAMSEAL FITTINGS
STRAIGHT
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS115
XPHS115-10
Port #1
ADAPTER MALE
BEAMSEAL
BULKHEAD
Port #2
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XPHS143
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS143-10
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS115-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #2
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS143-10-08
Port #1
ADAPTER MALE
BEAMSEAL
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS122
XPHS122-10
Port #1
Port #2
ADAPTER MALE
BEAMSEAL TO
SEALING WITH
FLANGED HEX
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XHPS129
Port #1
Port #2
Port #2
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS129-10
ADAPTER MALE
BEAMSEAL
BULKHEAD
SEALING
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XPHS130
Port #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS130-10
ADAPTER MALE
BEAMSEAL
THICK BULKHEAD SEALING
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
20
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #2
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS122-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062
INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS129-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS130-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
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PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS134
XPHS134-10
Port #1
ADAPTER AS2=2000 PSI
SEMBLY FEMALE 3=3000 PSI
BEAMSEAL
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #2
21
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS134-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
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ELBOW
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS217
XPHS217-10
ELBOW 90˚ AS- 2=2000 PSI
BEAMSEAL
4=4000 PSI
Port #1
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS218
XPHS218-10
ELBOW 90˚
2=2000 PSI
MALE BEAMSEAL 3=3000 PSI
BULKHEAD
4=4000 PSI
Port #1
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS219
XPHS219-10
BEAMSEAL
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS220
XPHS220-10
Port #1
ELBOW 45˚
2=2000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
BULKHEAD
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS221
XPHS221-10
BEAMSEAL
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #1
Port #2
22
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS217-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS218-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS219-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS220-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS221-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
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PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER
XPHS222
XPHS222-10
ELBOW 90˚
2=2000 PSI
BULKHEAD
4=4000 PSI
Port #1
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS229
XPHS229-10
ELBOW 90˚
3=3000 PSI
THICK
4=4000 PSI
BULKHEAD
Port #1
5=5000 PSI
Port #2
23
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS222-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS229-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
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TEE
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS317
Port #1
XPHS317-10
Port #2
TEE BULKHEAD
MALE
BEAMSEAL ON
SIDE BRANCH
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS324
XPHS324-10
Port #2
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
TEE BULKHEAD
3=3000 PSI
MALE BEAMSEAL
4=4000 PSI
ON RUN
Port #3
XPHS348
XPHS348-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE
2=2000 PSI
ON SIDE
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS349
Port #1
XPHS349-10
Port #2
TEE
MALE BEAMSEAL
ON SIDE AND
RUN
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS326
XPHS326-10
Port #1
Port #2
TEE BULKHEAD
FEMALE
BEAMSEAL ON
SIDE BRANCH
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #3
24
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS317-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
XPHS324-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS348-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS349-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS326-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
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PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS327
XPHS327-10
Port #1
Port #2
TEE BULKHEAD
FEMALE
BEAMSEAL
ON RUN
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS332
XPHS332-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE BULKHEAD
MALE
BEAMSEAL ON
SIDE BRANCH
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS318
XPHS318-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE BULKHEAD
MALE
BEAMSEAL ON
SIDE BRANCH
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #3
25
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS327-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS332-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS318-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
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CRYOFIT COMPATIBLES FLARELESS FITTINGS
STRAIGHT
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS116
XPHS116-10
Port #1
ADAPTER MALE 2=2000 PSI
FLARELESS
3=3000 PSI
BULKHEAD
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #2
XPHS151
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS151-10
Port #1
Port #2
ADAPTER MALE
FLARELESS
BULKHEAD
SEALING
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
XPHS117
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS117-10
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
FLARELESS
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS142
XPHS142-10
Port #1
FLARELESS
3=3000 PSI
BULKHEAD
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS126
XPHS126-10
Port #1
ADAPTER
FEMALE
FLARELESS
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #2
26
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS116-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS151-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS117-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS142-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS126-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
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ELBOW
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS223
XPHS223-10
ELBOW 90˚
FEMALE
FLARELESS
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS224
XPHS224-10
ELBOW 90˚
2=2000 PSI
MALE FLARELESS 3=3000 PSI
BULKHEAD
4=4000 PSI
Port #1
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS206
XPHS206-10
ELBOW 90˚
MALE FLARELESS
THICK
BULKHEAD
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS225
XPHS225-10
ELBOW 45˚
FEMALE
FLARELESS
Port #1
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS223-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062
INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS224-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062
INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS206-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS225-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE
SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062
INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS230
XPHS230-10
ELBOW 45˚
2=2000 PSI
BULKHEAD
4=4000 PSI
Port #1
5=5000 PSI
Port #2
27
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS230-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
www.aerofit.com
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS231
Port #1
XPHS231-10
ELBOW 90˚
EXPANDER OR 3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
REDUCER
5=5000 PSI
Port #2
28
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS231-10-08
2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI
(.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
www.aerofit.com
TEE
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS320
XPHS320-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE FEMALE
FLARELESS ON
SIDE BRANCH
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS325
XPHS325-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE MALE
BULKHEAD ON
RUN
FLARELESS ON
SIDE BRANCH
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS343
XPHS343-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE MALE
BULKHEAD ON
RUN
FLARELESS ON
SIDE BRANCH
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS320-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS325-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS343-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHS328
Port #1
XPHS328-10
Port #2
TEE FEMALE
FLARELESS ON
RUN
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #3
29
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS328-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
www.aerofit.com
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS329
Port #1
XPHS329-10
Port #2
TEE MALE
FLARELESS
BULKHEAD ON
RUN
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS330
Port #1
XPHS330-10
Port #2
TEE MALE
FLARELESS ON
SIDE BRANCH
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS333
Port #1
XPHS333-10
Port #2
TEE MALE
FLARELESS
BULKHEAD ON
SIDE BRANCH
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS334
XPHS334-10
Port #2
Port #1
TEE MALE
FLARELESS ON
RUN
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
XPHS341
Port #1
XPHS341-10
Port #2
TEE FEMALE
AND MALE
FLARELESS ON
RUN
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
Port #3
30
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS329-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS330-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS333-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS334-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS341-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
www.aerofit.com
CRYOFIT COMPATIBLES FLARED FITTINGS
STRAIGHT
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE
PICTURE
DESCRIPTION
NON REDUCER XPHS121
XPHS121-10
Port #1
ADAPTER
MALE FLARED
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS121-10-08
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS133
XPHS133-10
Port #1
ADAPTER
MALE FLARED
BULKHEAD
Port #2
PART NUMBER
EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
& #3
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS133-10-08
2=2000 PSI
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #2
(.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
(.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
31
www.aerofit.com
Installation CRYOFIT COUPLING AND CROYFIT CAMPATIBLE FITTING
SHAPES
I. INTRODUCTION
CryoFit couplings are used to permanently join hydraulic and pneumatic tubing. A one piece union, the
CryoFit coupling is made with an alloy called Tinel that has shape memory properties. The couplings are
shipped and stored in liquid nitrogen prior to installation. Upon receipt, the CryoFit coupling will have an
inside diameter which is larger than the outside diameter of the tubes to be joined. When the coupling is
removed from liquid nitrogen, slipped over the two tube ends and allowed to warm to room temperature,
it will shrink to an inside diameter which is smaller than the outside diameter of the tubes. Compression of
the tubes will occur and a permanent connection will result.
CryoFit couplings should be removed from their storage containers and installed only by personnel who have
been properly trained in the handling of liquid nitrogen and CryoFit couplings. Please see Section D for storage, handling and safety of liquid nitrogen.
II. INSTALLATION TOOLS
CryoFit couplings are installed using simple tools. The function of each tool is described as follows:
1) CRYOFIT INSTALLATION PACKAGE (Figure 1): An outer shell surrounding each coupling enables the installer to grasp the coupling
during installation and also insulates the coupling during installation,
thereby extending the installation time. Once installed the package is
removed and discarded.
Figure 1
CRYOFIT
COUPLING IN
INSTALLATION
PACKAGE
2) TEST COUPLING (Figure 2): Used to:
a) Ensure proper tube alignment
b) Check the gap between the tube ends
c) Check the O.D. of the tube for proper size
Figure 2
TEST COUPLING
3) TUBE CHILLER (Figure 3): A felt lined clamp used to cool the tube prior to installing the coupling,
extending installation time for difficult or awkward installations.
Figure 3
TUBE CHILLER
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4) MARKING GAUGE (Figure 4): Used with pen to apply the
installation mark (witness mark) on each tube.
Figure 4
MARKING GAUGE
5) INSTALLATION STOP (Figure 5): O-ring or “U-shaped” plastic
snap on clamp (used on tubes), to aid in positioning the
coupling properly.
Figure 5
INSTALLATION STOP
Snap-on Fixture
O-ring
6) MARKING PEN: Used with the marking gauge to establish the installation mark on the tubes prior to
installation. Use a low chloride level pen such as the Panduit #PFX-0.
7) WORK BOX (Figure 6): A small insulated container used to transport couplings
from the storage area to the work area.
Figure 6
WORKBOX
8) GLOVES: Used to handle tools that have been chilled in liquid nitrogen.
9) SPRAY CHILLER BOTTLE (Figure 7): An alternative method for chilling the tube.
It performs the same function as the tube chiller.
Figure 7
CRYOGUN
10) TONGS (Figure 8): Instrument used to transfer and remove couplings and installation package
assemblies from workbox.
Figure 8
TONGS
33
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III. PREPARATION FOR INSTALLATION
Ensure the couplings have been stored properly and the tubes are properly prepared. If a coupling shrinks before
being installed on a tube, it should be returned for re-expansion.
III(a) INSPECTION OF COUPLING INSIDE DIAMETER (I.D.)
If there is reason to believe that a coupling has been warmed (perhaps because of a low liquid nitrogen level in
the dewar or previous removal from liquid nitrogen), its I.D. can be checked as follows:
1) Obtain a length of the same size tubing as the coupling, approximately 6 inches long.
2) Cool the end of the tube in liquid nitrogen until boiling stops.
3) Being careful to keep the coupling in the liquid nitrogen, insert the tube into the coupling. The tube
should easily slip through the entire bore of the coupling.
4) If the tube cannot pass through the coupling, the coupling should be removed from stock and returned
for re-expansion.
III(b) TUBE PREPARATION
The following steps will ensure that the tube is properly prepared for the coupling installation. This procedure
describes the replacement of existing tube sections as well as new installations on the aircraft.
1) Mark the tube at the point where cuts must be made to remove the damaged section. Generally, a length
of straight tube equal to the coupling length must remain after the damaged section is removed.
2) Cut the tube at the marks, using a roller type cutter to avoid generating chips which could contaminate
the system. Deburr the tube ends.
3) Cut and deburr a splice tube to replace the damaged section which has been removed. The splice tube
should butt against the remaining tube ends if possible. A maximum gap of .120 inch between the tube
ends is permissible.
4) Inspect all tube ends to be sure they are free of burrs and conform to any applicable specifications.
5) Tubing within 1/2 coupling length of the end should be free of deep scratches. If necessary, scratches
can be removed by polishing with 400 grit or finer abrasive in the circumferential direction.
IV. INSTALLATION PROCESS
The processes for installing couplings, elbows, tees and fittings are similar. With fittings, some steps are repeated.
IV(a) TUBE TO TUBE INSTALLATION
1) Obtain the proper CryoFit couplings and installation tools.
2) Clean and dry any hydraulic fluid from the tube ends which might interfere with marking the tubes.
3) Slip a test coupling over the tube ends to ensure that the tubes are round and free from burrs. The test
coupling should slide freely.
34
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4) Position the test coupling so that both tubes are visible in the coupling window. The tubes should be
butted together if possible; however, if both tubes are visible, the gap is deemed acceptable (less than .120”
or 3mm).
5) Several methods are available for marking the tube to insure the proper positioning of the coupling. Two
methods of tube marking will be discussed. The first method uses a marking gauge and a pen to mark a
band on each tube at the proper distance from the end. Place the marking gauge over the tube end. Using
the marking pen, color the tube in the rectangular slot in the marking gauge. Repeat the process on the
other tube (Figure 8).
FIGURE 8
MARKING GAUGE
INSTALLATION MARK
When you do not have a markingMARKING
gauge, the
PENtubes can be pre-marked with an installation band by
measuring the distance from the end of the tube. In this method the installation band is marked around
each tube at the proper distance from the end (See Figure 9).
FIGURE 9
TUBE INSTALLATION BAND LOCATION
B
A
LOCATION BAND
2PHS111
3PHS111
4PHS111
5PHS111
Tube A Min
Size Tube
B Max
A Min
B Max A Min
B Max
A Min
B Max
Tube
Tube
Tube
Tube
Tube
Tube
Tube
Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion
(inch) (inch)
(inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch)
1/4 0.487 0.607 0.34 0.67
3/8 0.613 0.733 0.501 0.801
1/2 0.665 0.785 0.652 0.952
5/8
0.81
0.93 0.804 1.104
3/4
0.94
1.06 0.958 1.258
7/8
1.09
1.21
1
1.25
1.37 1.273 1.573
1-1/4 1.53
1.65 1.103 1.403
1-1/2 1.27
1.39 1.192 1.492
35
0.289
0.414
0.533
0.656
0.78
0.905
1.029
1.294
1.185
0.409
0.534
0.653
0.776
0.9
1.025
1.149
1.414
1.308
0.294
0.421
0.547
0.675
0.806
0.414
0.54
0.667
0.795
0.926
1.075 1.195
1.1
1.22
1.185 1.305
www.aerofit.com
6) To aid in positioning the coupling, place an installation stop in the middle of the mark. Check the location
by positioning the test coupling so that it is butted against the stop. Both tube ends should be visible in the
window and the test coupling should cover approximately half the installation mark on each tube (Figure
10). Adjust the tubes and installation stops if necessary. Remove the test coupling.
FIGURE 10
INSTALLATION MARK
INSTALLATION STOP
7) Tube chiller use is optional but, recommended for sizes 04 through 08 and for aluminum tubing. Place
cooled tube chiller over the tube to be joined (Figure 11). Remove the chiller after 20-30 seconds. As an
alternative, spray the tubes with liquid nitrogen using the Spray Chiller Bottle. Spray the tubes (1-1/2)
coupling length on both tubes) for 20 to 30 seconds. Placing the CryoFit coupling in contact with a tube
which has not been pre-chilled with liquid nitrogen may initiate premature warming and shrinkage of
the coupling.
FIGURE 11
TUBE CHILLER
8) The following steps should be performed sequentially and without delay:
a) Cool the tubes to be joined and remove the chiller if used.
b) Using cooled tongs, remove the CryoFit installation package from the liquid nitrogen and grasp the
package between the thumb and forefinger.
c) Deflect the tube without the installation stop to allow the coupling to be slipped over the end.
d) Slip the coupling onto the tube, realign the tubes and slide the coupling against the installation stop
(Figure 12).
FIGURE 12
INSTALLATION STOP
CRYOFIT COUPLING IN
INSTALLATION PACKAGE
36
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e) Check to see that the coupling is against the installation stop and that the deflected tube has been inserted
into the coupling to the installation marks (Figure 13).
FIGURE 13
GOOD INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION MARKS
f) Allow the coupling to warm and shrink onto the tube. Remove the CryoFit installation package and the
installation stop.
g) Verify that both ends of the coupling lie within the installation marks on both tubes (Figure 13). If one
or both ends do not touch the installation marks, the installation is incorrect and must be removed.
IV(b) INSTALLATION OF FITTING TO TUBE:
Tees, elbows, and other fittings are installed by connecting each leg of the fitting to a tube with a CryoFit coupling. The installation procedure is similar to that used in connecting two tubes.
1) Obtain the proper CryoFit couplings, installation packages, fittings, and installation tools. With the fitting
in position, the gap between the fitting legs and the adjoining tubing must be less than .120 inches or
3mm. The test coupling should be used to ensure this gap. Refer to Section IV (a), Step 4.
2) On all fitting legs to be joined, slip an O-ring over each fitting leg and place in the center of the etched
installation band (Figure 14).
FIGURE 14
O-RING
3) Position the fitting so that all legs are aligned with the tubing. Slip a test coupling over each fitting leg. The
test coupling should slide freely. With the test coupling butted against the O-ring, the fitting leg and tubing ends must be visible in the test coupling window and the opposite end of the test coupling must fall
37
www.aerofit.com
within the installation mark on the tubes. Adjust the tubes and O-rings if necessary (Figure 15). Remove
the test coupling from one leg.
FIGURE 15
FITTING LEG AND TUBE
END MUST BE VISIBLE
IN EACH WINDOW
TEST COUPLING
4) Using one or more tube chillers, cool the tube and one leg of the fitting. Leave the remaining test couplings
in position on the other leg(s) to ensure proper positioning. Additionally, the spray chiller bottle can also
be used to cool the leg and tubing.
5) The following steps should be performed sequentially without delay:
a) Remove the tube chiller(s), if used, from the leg to be joined.
b) Remove the CryoFit installation package from liquid nitrogen with pre cooled tongs and grasp the
package between thumb and forefinger.
c) Deflect the tube and slip the coupling over the tube.
d) Realign the tube. Slide the coupling against the O-ring on the fitting leg (Figure 16).
FIGURE 16
CRYOFIT COUPLING IN
INSTALLATION PACKAGE
e) Check to ensure that the coupling has been properly positioned against the O-ring, and that the tube
has been inserted into the coupling to the installation mark. Also be certain that the remaining fitting
legs are in proper alignment; adjust if required (Figure 17).
38
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FIGURE 17
GOOD INSTALLATION
COUPLING TOUCHES OR
COVERS INSTALLATION
BAND ON LEG
f) Allow the coupling to warm and shrink into position. Remove the CryoFit installation package and
O-ring.
6) If the inspection of the coupling indicates that the coupling is not properly installed, then the fitting must
be replaced.
V. CRYOFIT COUPLINGS AND CORRESPONDING INSTALLATION TOOLS
3PHS111 Series CryoFit Couplings
Tube
Size
-OD
Coupling Part
Number Test
Coupling
Part Number
1/4
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/4
3PHS111-04
3PHS111-06
3PHS111-08
3PHS111-10
3PHS111-12
3PHS111-14
3PHS111-16
3PHS111-20
TC3PHS111-04
TC3PHS111-06
TC3PHS111-08
TC3PHS111-10
TC3PHS111-12
TC3PHS111-14
TC3PHS111-16
TC3PHS111-20
Marking Tube Chiller Gauge
Part Number
Part Number
MG3PHS111-04
MG3PHS111-06
MG3PHS111-08
MG3PHS111-10
MG3PHS111-12
MG3PHS111-14
MG3PHS111-16
MG3PHS111-20
910415-01
910415-01
910415-01
910415-02
910415-02
910415-02
910415-02
910415-03
Installation
Stop
Part Number
SC4/5PHS111-04
SC4/5PHS111-06
SC4/5PHS111-08
SC4/5PHS111-10
SC4/5PHS111-12
SC4/5PHS111-14
SC4/5PHS111-16
SC4/5PHS111-20
Tube
Size
-OD
Coupling Part
Number Test
Coupling
Part Number
1/4
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 1/2
4PHS111-04
4PHS111-06
4PHS111-08
4PHS111-10
4PHS111-12
4PHS111-14
4PHS111-16
4PHS111-20
2PHS111-20
2PHS111-24
TC4PHS111-04
TC4PHS111-06
TC4PHS111-08
TC4PHS111-10
TC4PHS111-12
TC4PHS111-14
TC4PHS111-16
TC4PHS111-20
TC2PHS111-20
TC2PHS111-24
Part Number
Part Number
MG4PHS111-04
MG4PHS111-06
MG4PHS111-08
MG4PHS111-10
MG4PHS111-12
MG4PHS111-14
MG4PHS111-16
MG4PHS111-20
MG2PHS111-20
MG2PHS111-24
39
910415-01
910415-01
910415-01
910415-02
910415-02
910415-02
910415-02
910415-03
910415-03
910415-03
Installation
Stop
Part Number
SC4/5PHS111-04
SC4/5PHS111-06
SC4/5PHS111-08
SC4/5PHS111-10
SC4/5PHS111-12
SC4/5PHS111-14
SC4/5PHS111-16
SC4/5PHS111-20
SC4/5PHS111-24
www.aerofit.com
M4PHS111 Series CryoFit Couplings
Tube
Size
-OD
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
28
Coupling Part
Number Test
Coupling
Part Number
M4PHS111-05
M4PHS111-06
M2PHS111-08
M4PHS111-10
M2PHS111-12
M4PHS111-14
M2PHS111-16
M2PHS111-18
M4PHS111-20
M2PHS111-22
M2PHS111-28
TCM4PHS111-05
TCM4PHS111-06
TCM2PHS111-08
TCM4PHS111-10
TCM2PHS111-12
TCM4PHS111-14
TCM2PHS111-16
TCM2PHS111-18
TCM4PHS111-20
TCM2PHS111-22
TCM2PHS111-28
Part Number
Part Number
MGM4PHS111-04
MGM4PHS111-06
MGM2PHS111-08
MGM4PHS111-10
MGM2PHS111-12
MGM4PHS111-14
MGM2PHS111-16
MGM2PHS111-18
MGM4PHS111-20
MGM2PHS111-22
MGM2PHS111-28
910415-01
910415-01
910415-01
910415-01
910415-01
910415-01
910415-02
910415-02
910415-02
910415-02
910415-02
Installation
Stop
Part Number
SCM4PHS111-05
SCM4PHS111-06
SCM2PHS111-08
SCM4PHS111-10
SCM2PHS111-12
SCM4PHS111-14
SCM2PHS111-16
SCM4PHS111-18
SSCM4PHS11-20
SCM2PHS111-22
SCM2PHS111-28
Tube
Size
-OD
Coupling Part
Number Test
Coupling
Part Number
1/4
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/4
5PHS111-04
5PHS111-06
5PHS111-08
5PHS111-10
5PHS111-12
5PHS111-14
5PHS111-16
2PHS111-20
TC5PHS111-04
TC5PHS111-06
TC5PHS111-08
TC5PHS111-10
TC5PHS111-12
TC5PHS111-14
TC5PHS111-16
TC2PHS111-20
Part Number
Part Number
MG5PHS111-04
MG5PHS111-06
MG5PHS111-08
MG5PHS111-10
MG5PHS111-12
MG5PHS111-14
MG5PHS111-16
MG2PHS111-20
40
910415-01
910415-01
910415-01
910415-02
910415-02
910415-02
910415-02
910415-03
Installation
Stop
Part Number
SC4/5PHS111-04
SC4/5PHS111-06
SC4/5PHS111-08
SC4/5PHS111-10
SC4/5PHS111-12
SC4/5PHS111-14
SC4/5PHS111-16
SC4/5PHS111-20
www.aerofit.com
Design Guide CRYOFIT PRODUCTS
1.0 Introduction
Good design practices, common to all tubing systems, should be followed when using CryoFit fittings.
The use of these couplings will allow lines to be spaced closer together while still maintaining the necessary access for installations.
2.0 Installation Clearance
In designing a tube system using CryoFit couplings, the assembly technique must be considered to assure
that sufficient space is provided for coupling installation. It is this installation clearance which limits the
spacing of adjacent hydraulic lines and components. The CryoFit system often allows a closer spacing than
alternate methods. The spacing and clearances noted in this document are the minimums recommended
for standard CryoFit installations.
2.1 Radial Clearance
The clearance required between CryoFit coupling installations is determined by the clearance required for
removal of the installation package. The required clearance between two parallel tubes is listed in Figure 1.
FIGURE 1
MINIMUM TUBE SPACING
TUBE
SIZE
1/4”
3/8”
1/2”
5/8”
3/4”
7/8”
1”
1-1/4”
1-1/2”
A
A
MINIMUM
(IN)
.255
.337
.382
.441
.488
.550
.610
.725
.934
Figure 2 shows the CryoFit coupling in the installation package. Sufficient clearance must be provided in order to remove the installation package after the coupling is installed.
FIGURE 2
INSTALLATION PACKAGE CLEARANCE
DASH
NUMBER
A
A
A
PACKAGE
A
B
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
20 2.303 1.819
24 2.479 1.935
COUPLING
B
41
A
0.981
1.302
1.604
1.907
2.215
B
0.564
0.714
0.88
1.054
0.22
A
B
0.691 0.548
0.94 0.746
0.178 0.884
1.424 1.049
1.674 1.196
1.924 1.366
2.845 1.56 2.172 1.534
2.506 1.784 2.697 1.862
2.684 1.996
A
B
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2.2Axial Clearance
The amount of axial clearance and straight unobstructed tube required will vary with coupling size and
the installation technique employed.
Proper installation requires that a length of tube equal to 1/2 the coupling length be inserted in each end
of the coupling. The coupling can be positioned either by axially moving the tube to allow access or by
deflecting the tube.
2.2.1 Axial Tube Movement
In this installation technique, one tube is pulled back axially to allow the installation of the coupling.
The coupling is slipped into place on the second tube and the first tube is then inserted into the coupling (See Figures 3A and 3B). This method requires the minimum amount of straight tube, 1/2 the
coupling length, but requires axial tube movement.
FIGURE 3A
AXIAL INSTALLATION CLEARANCE
AXIAL TUBE MOVEMENT
T1
T2
T1
T2
T1
T2
Where axial tube movement is allowable, the required length of straight tube is equal to 1/2 of the coupling
length.
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FIGURE 3B
AXIAL TUBE MOVEMENT
T1
T2
T1
T2
T1
T2
NOTE: The area from the end of T1 to the obstruction should be equal to the length of the coupling.
2.2.2 Tube Deflection
As an alternate to moving the tube axially the tube may be deflected to one side. The coupling is
then slipped over the deflected tube. The tube is repositioned and the coupling is slipped into place
(See Figure 4). This method eliminates the need for axial tube movement, but requires a full coupling length of unobstructed tube on one end.
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FIGURE 4
TUBE DEFLECTION
T1
T2
B
T1
T2
A
B
T1
T2
1.T1 is fixed. T2 cannot be moved axially, but can be deflected as shown.
2. The length of straight tube (B) required on T2 would be equal to the coupling length. The length of straight
tube (A) required on T1 would be equal to 1/2 the coupling length.
NOTE: Coupling may be positioned immediately adjacent to the bend radius.
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TUBE APPLICATION SPECIFICATIONS
Basic
Tube
ryoFit Part Tube Material
C
Spec.
Number
2PHS111 3AL-2.5V CWSR
AMS
Titanium
4944
EN3120
3AL-2.5V CWSR
Titanium
M2PHS111
18/10 CrN, CRES BSI T72-
T73 3PHS111
304 1/8H CRES
Mil-T-
6845
3AL-2.5V CWSR
AMS Titanium
4944
4PHS111
21-6-9 CRES
AMS
5561
6061-T6
Mil-T-
Aluminum
7081 5052-T0
Aluminum
Tube
Dash
No.
20
24
8
12
16
22
28
8
18
4
6
8
10
12
16
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
20
24
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
20
4
6
8
10
12
16
4
6
8
10
12
16
Tube
Dia
1000
psi
1 1/4
1 1/2
8mm
12mm
16mm
22mm
28mm
8mm
.5mm
18mm .6mm
1/4
3/8
1/2
7/16
3/4
1 1/4
3/8
1/2
7/16
3/4
9/16
1 1 1/4
1 1/2
1/4
3/8
1/2
7/16
3/4
9/16
1 1 1/4
1/4
0.028
3/8
0.028
1/2
0.035
7/16
0.035
3/4
0.035
1 1/4
0.035
3/8
0.035
1/2 .035-.049
7/16 .035-.049
3/4
0.049
1 0.065
45
Tube Wall Thickness
Temp.
2000 3000 4000 5000 Range
psi
psi
psi
psi
0.045
0.054
.5mm
.5mm
.6mm
.8mm
1.0mm
0.018
0.019
0.022
0.023
0.027
0.032
0.036
0.045
0.054
.020-.035
.028-.049
.028-.065
.035-.065
0.049
0.065
0.02
0.028
0.035
0.049
0.058
0.065
.016-.018
.019-.028
.022-.035
.023-.044
.027-.052
.032-.061
.036-.071
.045-.087
0.054
0.016
0.02
0.026
0.033
0.039
0.052
0.054
-65˚ F
thru
275˚ F
-54˚ C
thru
135˚ C
-65˚ F
thru
275˚ F
-65˚ F
thru
275˚ F
www.aerofit.com
Separable End Fittings
SEPARABLE END FITTINGS - CRYOLIVE (FLARELESS)
AND CRYOFLARE (FLARED)
Introduction:
The CryOlive and CryoFlare sleeves and corresponding nuts come preasembled in a plastic installation package. This assembly has many functions. It
acts as an installation tool, inspection gauge, dust cap, and protective cover for the tube end. Accurate placement of the assembly is automatically
ensured and provides for correct tube position equal to that of internally
swaged flareless and flared sleeves. Because the installer needs no tools, SMA
fittings assemble with equal ease in the shop or on the aircraft.
At installation, this assembly is removed from liquid nitrogen, slipped onto
the end of the tube, and allowed to warm from its cryogenic storage temperature. In seconds, the shape memory
CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) end fittings shrink and crimp down on the tube with tremendous
radial force, producing a leak proof metal to metal seal between the tube and sleeve. The plastic installation
package acts as an installation tool, inspection gauge, dust cap and protective cover for the tube end.
The time required for both training and product installation is a small fraction of that needed for internally or
externally swaged sleeves. Regardless of the installer’s skill level, installation is accomplished in a few seconds.
CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) end fitting assemblies are installed by hand. No capital expenditure
is required.
After installation, a visual inspection is all that is needed. The inspector has only to look at the end of the assembly to determine that the tube is visible in the inspection window (CryOlive) or that the tube is at the stop
(CryoFlare) to determine that the installation is correct.
The CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) end fittings use the same shape memory technology as the
CryoFit fitting system, which has a service record of more than 25 years in the aerospace industry with no reported inservice failures. During qualification, CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) end fittings met or
exceeded the requirements in AS18280 and other demanding aircraft manufacturers’ requirements.
47
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3000 PSI CRYOLIVE ASSEMBLY (FLARELESS)
921721: CRYOLIVE SLEEVE, INSTALLATION PACKAGE AND NUT
B HEX
(NUT)
C HEX
(PKG)
AMBER TRANSLUCENT PACKAGE
T THREAD
NUT
F
D TUBE PROTRUSION
FROM END OF SLEEVE,
INSTALLED
TUBE
SLEEVE
A
E
TUBE INSERTION
INSPECTION WINDOW
(3D BEND RAD)
CRYOLIVE ASSEMBLY
“AS SHIPPED” CONDITION
PART
NUMBER
921721( )04
921721( )06
921721( )08
921721( )10
921721( )12
921721( )16
921721( )20
921721( )24
“AS INSTALLED” STRAIGHT LENGTH OF TUBE
WITH 3D BEND
TUBE
(A)
(B)
(C)
SIZE
(D)
(E)
+/- .010
(F)
MIN
T (THREAD PER MIL-S
-8879CLASS-3B)
.250
.375
.500
.625
.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
.093
.112
.101
.183
.177
.211
.243
.289
.214
.230
.285
.330
.330
.392
.395
.465
1.23
1.27
1.31
1.51
1.63
1.82
1.99
2.36
7/16-20
9/16-18
3/4-16
7/8-14
1 1/16-12
1 5/16-12
1 5/8-12
1 7/8-12
1.221
1.309
1.393
1.677
1.872
2.240
2.571
2.759
Part Number Example:
.562
.688
.875
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.875
2.125
921721
.500
.625
.812
.938
1.125
1.375
1.688
1.938
W
08
L
LOCKWIRE HOLE CODE
INCREMENTS
BASIC PART NUMBER
MATERIAL CODE LETTER
a. DASH “V” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH CARBON STEEL NUT
b. LETTER “J” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH 304 CRES CORROSION RESISTANT
STEEL NUT
c. LETTER “W” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH 7075-T73 ALUMINUM ALLOY
NUT
d. LETTER “T” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH TITANIUM NUT.
NOTES:
1. MATERIAL: SLEEVE
TINEL HEAT RECOVERABLE, SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
NUT
“V“ 15-5PH CRES PER AMS5659
“J” 304 CRES PER QQ-S-763
“W” 7075-T73 PER QQ-A-225/9
“T”
6AL-4V PER AMS4928
PACKAGE RED TRANSLUCENT POLYCARBONATE
2. FINISH:
SLEEVE
DRY FILM LUBRICANT ON TAIL
NUT
“V“
CADMIUM PLATE PER QQ-P-416 TYPE II, CLASS 2
“J”
PASSIVATE PLUS DRY FILM LUBRICANT PER
MIL-L-46010, TYPE 1 ON INTERNAL SURFACES
“W” ANODIZE PER MIL-A-8625 TYPE II, CLASS 1 PLUS DRY
FILM LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010, TYPE 1 ON
INTERNAL SURFACES
“T”
FLUORIDE PHOSPHATE COATED PER AMS2486 PLUS
DRY FILM LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010, TYPE 1 ON
INTERNAL SURFACES
PACKAGE NONE
48
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4000 PSI CRYOLIVE ASSEMBLY (FLARELESS)
921504T: CRYOLIVE SLEEVE, INSTALLATION PACKAGE NUT
NUT
T THREAD
RED
B
TRANSLUCENT
HEX (NUT)
PACKAGE
E
D TUBE
C
SLEEVE
PROTRUSION
HEX (CAP)
TUBE
A
TUBE INSERTION
INSPECTION WINDOW
(3D BEND RAD)
CRYOLIVE ASSEMBLY
“AS INSTALLED” STRAIGHT LENGTH OF TUBE
WITH 3D BEND
PART
NUMBER
TUBE
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
SIZE
+/- .020
(E)
MIN
T (THREAD PER
MIL-8-8879)
921504T04
921504T06
921504T08
921504T10
921504T12
921504T14
921504T16
921504T20
921504T24
1/4
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/4
1 1/2
1.23
1.31
1.37
1.51
1.63
1.68
1.86
1.99
2.36
.4375-20 UNJF-3B
.5625-18 UNJF-3B
.7500-16 UNJF-3B
.8750-14 UNJF-3B
1.0625-12 UNJ-3B
1.1875-12 UNJ-3B
1.3125-12 UNJ-3B
1.6250-12 UNJ-3B
1.8750-12 UNJ-3B
1.221
1.349
1.453
1.677
1.872
2.017
2.240
2.571
2.759
.562
.688
.875
1.000
1.250
1.375
1.500
1.875
2.125
.500
.625
.812
.938
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.688
1.938
921504
T
.030
.030
.030
.100
.120
.140
.160
.200
.250
08
INCREMENTS
BASIC PART NUMBER
a. LETTER “T” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH TITANIUM NUT.
NOTES:
1. MATERIAL: SLEEVE
NUT
“T”
6AL-4V PER AMS4928
PACKAGE RED TRANSLUCENT POLYCARBONATE
2. FINISH:
SLEEVE
NUT
“T”
FLUORIDE PHOSPHATE COATED PER AMS2486 PLUS
DRY FILM LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010,
TYPE 1 ON INTERNAL SURFACES
PACKAGE NONE
49
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3000 PSI LIGHTWEIGHT UNION ASSEMBLY (MALE FLARELESS)
921895: LIGHTWEIGHT UNION AND INSTALLATION PACKAGE
TRANSLUCENT
CAP PACKAGE
D
TUBE
A
FITTING END PER
MS33514, STYLE E
EXCEPT HEX AND
TUBE STOP
LIGHTWEIGHT
UNION
TUBE
PART NUMBER
SIZE
921895-04
921895-06
921895-08
921895-10
921895-12
921895-16
.250
.375
.500
.625
.750
1.000
B HEX
T THREAD
A
EXPANDED
B
D
T THREAD PER MIL-S-8879
(MIN)
.239
.359
.478
.598
.717
.956
.370
.495
.683
.808
.995
1.308
921895
.810
.992
1.244
1.469
1.695
2.026
.4375-20 UNJF
.5625-18 UNJF
.7500-16 UNJF
.8750-14 UNJF
1.0625-12 UNJF
1.3125-12 UNJ-3A
EST.
WT. LBS.
.009
.020
.043
.080
.132
.300
08
TUBE SIZE IN .062 INCREMENTS
BASIC PART NUMBER
NOTES:
1. MATERIAL: 2. FINISH:
UNION
PACKAGE UNION
PACKAGE TINEL HEAT RECOVERABLE, SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
TRANSLUCENT POLYCARBONATE
- DRY FILM LUBRICANT ON TAIL
- NONE
50
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3000 PSI CRYOFLARE ASSEMBLY (FLARED)
921883: CRYOFLARE SLEEVE, INSTALLATION PACKAGE AND NUT
NUT
SLEEVE
C
BLUE TRANSLUCENT
CAP PACKAGE
B HEX
T THREAD
HINGE DETAIL
VARIES WITH
SIZE
F
TUBE
A
A
SECTION A-A
(3D BEND RAD)
CRYOFLARE ASSEMBLY
“AS INSTALLED” MINIMUM STRAIGHT LENGTH OF TUBE
WITH 3D BEND
PART NUMBER
TUBE SIZE
B
C
F
MIN
THREAD PER AS8879
1.23
1.27
1.31
1.51
1.63
.4375-20 UNJF
.5625-18 UNJF
.7500-16 UNJF
.8750-14 UNJF
1.0625-12 UNJF
921883( )04
921883( )06
921883( )08
921883( )10
921883( )12
.250
.375
.500
.625
.725
.562
.688
.875
1.000
1.250
921883
1.238
1.483
1.718
1.941
2.207
W
08
INCREMENTS
BASIC PART NUMBER
a. LETTER “J” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH 304 CRES CORROSION RESISTANT
STEEL NUT
b. LETTER “W” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH 7075-T73 ALUMINUM ALLOY
NUT
NOTES:
1. MATERIAL: SLEEVE
NUT
“J”
304 CRES PER QQ-S-763
“W” 7075-T73 PER QQ-A-225/9
CAP PACKAGE RED TRANSLUCENT POLYCARBONATE
2. FINISH:
SLEEVE
NUT
“J”
PASSIVATE PLUS DRY FILM LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010,
TYPE 1 ON INTERNAL SURFACES
“W” ANODIZE PER MIL-A-8625 TYPE II, CLASS 1 PLUS DRY FILM
LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010, TYPE 1 ON
INTERNAL SURFACES
CAP PACKAGE - NONE
51
www.aerofit.com
Installation CRYOLIVE AND CRYOFLARE PRODUCTS
I. Introduction
CryOlive and CryoFlare shape memory alloy sleeves and coupling nuts are components of a flareless fluid fitting
connection. The sleeves are installed on the ends of tubes and permit the tubes to be connected to tees, elbows,
unions, etc., with ends machined per military standards AS33514 and AS33515.
CryOlive and CryoFlare sleeves are manufactured from Tinel shape memory alloy. The ID of the sleeve is machined somewhat smaller than the OD of the tube it will be installed upon. After fabrication, the sleeve is cooled
to cryogenic temperatures, -320ºF, in liquid nitrogen (LN2). When cooled, the shape memory alloy undergoes
a transformation from a high strength, austenitic phase to a relatively low strength, martensitic phase. While
in the cooled, low strength phase, the sleeve is “expanded” to an inside diameter slightly larger than the OD of
the tube it is to be installed upon. When the sleeve is removed from LN2 and allowed to warm, the austenite to
martensite transformation is reversed, and the sleeve “recovers” to its pre expanded, or as machined, diameter
and its high strength state. This transformation and expansion process can be repeated if the sleeve has “recovered” prior to installation.
To install the sleeve on a tube, the sleeve is removed from the LN2 and immediately slipped over the end of the
tube and allowed to warm up and recover. The tube OD, being larger than the ID that the sleeve wants to revert
to, constrains the sleeve’s recovery. During constrained recovery the alloy develops considerable force and effectively “self swages” the sleeve permanently onto the tube.
The sleeve and coupling nut come pre assembled in a disposable molded installation package (Figure 1). Assemblies are shipped and stored in liquid nitrogen and are removed from LN2 just prior to installation.
Figure 1
CRYOLIVE
ASSEMBLY
CRYOFLARE
ASSEMBLY
CryOlive and CryoFlare assemblies should be removed from their storage containers and installed only by
personnel who have been properly trained in the handling of liquid nitrogen and installation of CryOlive and
CryoFlare sleeves. Please see Section D for safety and handling of liquid nitrogen.
52
www.aerofit.com
II. Installation Tools
CryOlive and CryoFlare sleeves are installed by using simple tools purchased direct or through our stocking
distributors. The function of each tool is described below.
1. TONGS: Instrument used to transfer and remove assemblies from insulated workbox. Product Description: AT911067-01.
2. WORK BOX: A small insulated box used to transport assemblies from the storage area (see Logistics section) to the work area. Product Description: WB910825-01
3. GLOVES: Thin, well insulated gloves, which are used when handling assemblies that have been stored
in liquid nitrogen. They must NOT, under any circumstances, be immersed in liquid nitrogen. Product
Description: OE Glove Liner- (S-M-L)
4. Safety Glasses: Safety glasses with side shields should be used at all times.
III. INSPECTION OF SLEEVE I.D.
If there is reason to believe that the sleeve within the assembly has recovered (such as from a low liquid nitrogen level in the storage dewar), its inside diameter can be checked as follows:
1. Obtain a length of the appropriate size tubing approximately 6” long.
2. Cool the tube end in liquid nitrogen (work box) until the boiling stops.
3. Being careful to keep the assembly in liquid nitrogen, insert the cooled tube onto the assembly. The tube
should bottom out against the assembly end (CryOlive) or the stop (CryoFlare). This can be checked by
viewing the end of the tube through the inspection window of the package. If the tube cannot be inserted
into the assembly and through the sleeve, the assembly should be removed from stock. Return the sleeve for
reexpansion. A nominal fee is charged for this service.
IV. Installation Process
NOTE: CryOlive and CryoFlare assemblies should be installed only by properly trained personnel.
1. Obtain the proper CryOlive or CryoFlare assemblies from inventory. Refer to the application table for assembly description.
2. Ensure that the tubes are round and free from burrs and meet dimensional specifications.
53
www.aerofit.com
3. Clean and dry end of tube, if necessary, by wiping with a clean rag or cloth.
4. Put on gloves. NOTE: Do not put gloved hand in liquid nitrogen.
5. Using tongs, remove the assembly from the liquid nitrogen and allow the excess liquid nitrogen to run off.
6. Grasp the assembly with gloved hand. Without delay, slip it over the tube end and push until the tube end
is firmly seated against end stop inside the plastic installation package. The tube must bottom out against the
assembly end (CryOlive)(Figure 4) or tube stop (CryoFlare).
7. The package is designed to provide the proper tube insertion. To do so the tube must be fully bottomed
against the inside end of the package. For CryOlive the tube end should be visible in the slot (inspection window) and should butt against the inside end of the package (Figure 2). For CryoFlare the tube must bottom
on the tube stop.You may leave plastic installation package on tube end to protect sleeve and act as a dust cover
until ready to mate with fitting.
Figure 2
8. To remove the plastic installation package, unscrew the nut and remove the plastic package.
Figure 3
54
www.aerofit.com
9. Tube protrusion and other installation related dimensions are found in the Specification Control Drawings.
V. TUBE APPLICATION SPECIFICATIONS
Torque the CryOlive or CryoFlare nut to the value listed in the following tables.
Basic SMA
Installation Torque
Tube
Tube Tube Wall
Assembly Part Tube Material Specification Size Thickness
Inch Lbs
Nm
Number
921721 OR
921883
304 1/8H CRES
MIL-T-6845
921721J OR
921883J
21-6-9 CRES
AMS 5561
921721W OR
921883W
6061-T6
ALUMINUM
MIL-T-7081
921721T
3AL-2.5V CWSR
TITANIUM
AMS 4944
921504
3AL-2.5V CWSR
TITANIUM
AMS 4944
921504
3AL-2.5V CWSR
TITANIUM
AMS 4944
4
6
8
10
12
16
4
6
8
10
12
16
4
6
8
10
12
16
20
24
4
6
8
10
12
16
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
6
8
10
12
14
16
20
24
24
0.020
0.028
0.035
0.042
0.058
0.065
0.016
0.020
0.026
0.033
0.039
0.052
0.028
0.028
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.065
0.035
0.035
0.016
0.019
0.026
0.032
0.039
0.051
0.020
0.019
0.019
0.032
0.039
0.045
0.051
0.020
0.020
0.023
0.027
0.032
0.036
0.045
0.032
0.054
55
135-145
215-245
470-510
610-680
810-945
1,140-1,260
135-145
215-245
470-510
610-680
810-945
1,140-1,260
135-145
215-245
470-510
610-680
810-945
1,140-1,260
1,520-1,680
1,900-2,100
135-145
215-245
470-510
610-680
810-945
1,140-1,260
135-145
215-245
470-510
610-680
810-945
985-1,090
1,140-1,260
215-245
470-510
610-680
810-945
985-1,090
1,140-1,260
1,520-1,680
1,900-2,100
1,900-2,100
15.3-16.4
24.3-27.7
53.1-57.6
68.9-76.8
91.5-106.8
128.8-142.4
15.3-16.4
24.3-27.7
53.1-57.6
68.9-76.8
91.5-106.8
128.8-142.4
15.3-16.4
24.3-27.7
53.1-57.6
68.9-76.8
91.5-106.8
128.8-142.4
171.7-189.8
214.7-237.3
15.3-16.4
24.3-27.7
53.1-57.6
68.9-76.8
91.5-106.8
128.8-142.4
15.3-16.4
24.3-27.7
53.1-57.6
68.9-76.8
91.5-106.8
111.3-123.3
128.8-142.4
24.3-27.7
53.1-57.6
68.9-76.8
91.5-106.8
111.3-123.3
128.8-142.4
171.7-189.8
214.7-237.3
214.7-237.3
System
Operating
Pressure
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
1500 psi
1500 psi
1500 psi
1500 psi
1500 psi
1500 psi
500 psi
500 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
3000 psi
4000 psi
4000 psi
4000 psi
4000 psi
4000 psi
4000 psi
4000 psi
2000 psi
2000 psi
2000 psi
2000 psi
2000 psi
2000 psi
2000 psi
150 psi
2000 psi
Temperature
Range
-65° F thru
275° F
-65° F thru
275° F
-65° F thru
275° F
-65° F thru
275° F
-65° F thru
275° F
-65° F thru
275° F
www.aerofit.com
Logistics
(Liquid Nitrogen Handling And Storage)
LOGISTICS – SMA FLUID FITTING SYSTEM
Liquid Nitrogen Storage & Handling
1. Introduction
Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) fittings are used to permanently join sections of tubing and are stored in liquid
nitrogen until just before installation. When received, the fittings have an inside diameter which is larger
than the outside diameter of the tubes they will be installed onto. If removed from the liquid nitrogen and
allowed to warm, the couplings will shrink so that the inside diameter will be smaller than the tube outside
diameter. If the coupling is slipped over the tube/fitting ends before it warms, the fittings will shrink and
swage onto the tube or fitting.
2. Shipping and Storage Containers
CryoFit unions and separable fittings called CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) fittings are shipped and
stored in special insulated liquid nitrogen containers called dewars or are stored for longer periods of time
in freezers. Dewars and freezers are available from Aerofit, Inc. or their distributors. The size of the dewar or
freezer is dependent on the quantities of fittings to be shipped and/or stored.
A dewar functions like a thermos bottle by controlling the boil off or evaporation of liquid nitrogen (LN2)
and thus maintaining the inside temperature of the vessel at a relatively constant -320° F. The smaller the neck
of the dewar, the slower the evaporation process and the longer a constant temperature will be maintained.
It is important to note that replacing the neckcore into the dewar after loading/removing SMA products is
vital in helping to control LN2 evaporation. Required servicing intervals are delineated in the manufacturer’s
literature for each dewar type/design.
If frost is noted on the outside of the dewar at any time, transfer the SMA parts to another container and remove the dewar from use. Frost indicates that the vacuum has been broken and it will no longer maintain
LN2 per its design and usage specification.
If the dewar shows no sign of frost on the exterior, it only needs regular servicing of LN2 to maintain the
SMA parts in their expanded state. Shape Memory Alloy parts are to be submerged in liquid nitrogen until
removed for installation.
If the dewar has a large mouth and neck, it is possible to see the LN2 and determine its depth. If the dewar
has a small mouth and neck, the quantity/depth of the liquid nitrogen can be determined by observing the
condensation on the outside of the parts canisters when removed from the dewar.
NOTE: if the neckcore of the dewar is removed and it is determined that only a minimal amount of liquid
nitrogen or vapor is left in the dewar, immediately replenish the liquid nitrogen. In most cases, the parts will
remain in their expanded state, but they should be checked before installation is begun.
Liquid Dewar
This unit is suitable as a shipping container and for short term storage. Liquid
nitrogen level must be checked every few days and topped off if necessary. Least
economical shipping container due to weight.
57
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Vapor Dewar
Vapor
Dewar
This unit
is excellent as a shipping container or for medium
term storage. This style Dewar has a liner which absorbs
This unit is excellent as a shipping container or for medium
liquid nitrogen and inhibits evaporation. In this condition
term storage. This style Dewar has a liner which absorbs
parts will
remain
forevaporation.
up to two weeks
reduces
the
liquid
nitrogen
and cold
inhibits
In thisand
condition
parts
shipping
bothweeks
the liner
storage
will
remainweight.
cold forWhen
up to two
and and
reduces
the chamber
shipping
are full of
liquid
nitrogen
SMA
can chamber
be storedare
forfull
up ofto
weight.
When
both
the liner
andparts
storage
liquid
nitrogen
SMA
parts can
a month
without
topping
off. be stored for up to a month
without topping off.
Outer
Protective
Outer Protective
ShipShipping
Cover
ping Cover
Dewar
Dewar
Freezer System
Freezer
This unitSystem
is superior for long term storage.
Features include temperature control
and
monitoring
alarm
system,
easy
access
to stored product, automatic
This unit is superior for long term storage. Features include temperature control
liquid
nitrogenalarm
fill and
auto easy
clear access
of fog for
improved
partautomatic
identification
and
monitoring
system,
to stored
product,
liquid and
nidetermining
the
quantity
of
stored
products.
trogen fill and auto clear of fog for improved part identification and determining
the quantity of stored products.
3. Packing for Shipment
Freezer
3. Packing for Shipment
For shipment, SMA fittings are packaged in canister tubes in the small dewars or half trays in the large dewars.
For
dewar
is attached
to a special
pallet
designed
prevent
it from
being tipped
over.deEach
Forshipping,
shipment,the
SMA
fittings
are packaged
in canister
tubes
in the to
small
dewars
or half-trays
in the large
wars. For
shipping,
dewartoisidentify
attached
to ainspecial
pallet
designed to prevent it from being tipped over.
canister
or half
tray isthe
tagged
parts
canister
or tray.
Each canister or half tray is tagged to identify parts in canister or tray.
Hinged Lid
Locking tab
6 or more
internal
canisters
Foam
Plug
Half Tray
Canister Tube
Double wall
with insulation
and vacuum
Base
configured to
hold canisters
Large Dewar
Small Dewar
4. Receiving Procedure
The shipment and storage in liquid nitrogen means that it is unlikely to be practical for SMA fittings to be
4. Receiving Procedure
checked at receiving. The Release Note/Certificate of Conformity on the outside of the container may be
removed
by receiving
so that
may bethat
‘booked-in’
andtothe
passed
to QA.
The shipment
and storage
in the
liquidquantities
nitrogen means
it is unlikely
bedocument
practical for
SMA on
fittings
to beThe
containers
be forwarded
unopened
the user department.
checked atmust
receiving.
The Release
Note to
/ Certificate
of Conformity on the outside of the container may be
removed by receiving so that the quantities may be ‘booked-in’ and the document passed on to QA. The containers must be forwarded unopened to the user department.
2
58
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www.aerofit.com
When received by stores or the user department, the liquid nitrogen level in the dewar should be checked.
If the level has dropped, it should be replenished. On receipt, by stores or the user department, the liquid
nitrogen level in the dewar should be checked and topped off at regular intervals thereafter.
5. Transfer of Fittings
The transfer of fittings from the shipping dewar to the storage dewar should be made as quickly as possible.
Transfer from a Half Tray
Transfer from a half tray is accomplished by moving the half tray to a shallow insulated foam tray filled
with liquid nitrogen.
1) Fill the storage dewar with liquid nitrogen.
2) Fill the storage half tray or inventory control system drawer with liquid
nitrogen.
3) Fill the foam tray with approximately 3” of liquid nitrogen.
4) Remove the shipping half tray from the shipping dewar and place in the
foam tray.
5) Select the proper tools and cool.
6) Using the proper tool, transfer the fittings from the shipping half tray to
the storage container one at a time.
7) It is desirable to verify and record the quantity of fittings received at this
time.
8) After completing the transfer, return the storage half tray or drawer to the
storage dewar or freezer.
Transfer of couplings from dewar canister to work box
1) Fill the work box with approximately 3” of liquid nitrogen.
2) Remove the canister tube from the dewar and remove any wadding (sometimes inserted to ensure couplings remain in canisters
during transit)
3) Position the canister over the work box and tip it so the couplings
slide into the work box.
Transfer of couplings from Work Box to the canister
To return couplings from work box (as for example after verification)
1) Top up the work box with liquid nitrogen if necessary & stand
the canister in the work box.
2) Cool the tongs.
3) Pick up the couplings with the tongs and transfer them into the
canister
4) Ensure liquid nitrogen level is sufficient to cover the couplings at
all times.
5) Return the canister to the dewar (tip the canister slightly so that
it engages the slot in the base of the dewar).
59
www.aerofit.com
6. Storage
SMA fittings can be stored in liquid nitrogen indefinitely.
The storage containers are unpressurized and are therefore refilled by simply pouring liquid nitrogen directly
into the container.
• Pouring should be done slowly, especially when pouring into empty vessels at ambient temperature
to minimize thermal shock to components
• Care should be exercised when adding liquid nitrogen from a pressurized source directly to a container which contains SMA fittings. There is a small risk that a pressurized ‘stream’ from a hose in
the base of the container could push small size parts out of the canisters and into the main body of
the container.
7. SMA Fitting Recovery Check
If there is reason to believe that a coupling has been warmed (such as from a low liquid nitrogen level in the
dewar), its inside diameter can be checked as follows:
1) Obtain a length of the same size tubing as the coupling, approximately 6 inches long.
2) Cool the end of the tube in liquid nitrogen until boiling stops.
Point the upper end of the tube away from the face and body as
small diameter tube will create a ‘fountain’ effect as it cools.
Fountain Effect
3) Being careful to keep the coupling in the liquid nitrogen, insert the tube into the coupling.
4) The tube should easily slip through the entire bore of
the CryoFit fitting
5) If the tube cannot pass through the fitting, the fitting
should be removed from stock and returned to the supplier for reexpansion.
8. SMA Fitting reexpansion
SMA fittings which have been allowed to warm prematurely may be returned to the supplier for reexpansion.
SMA fittings should be carefully packaged so as to prevent damage (especially to the coating on the extremities) before return. Before reexpansion the couplings are carefully examined for damage, restenciled with a
unique reexpansion batch number and issued with a new Certificate of Conformity. The cost of this process
is approximately 30% of the cost of a new SMA fitting, however transport and set up costs mean that it may
be uneconomic to reexpand batches of less than 100 couplings (or 50 on larger sizes).
60
www.aerofit.com
9. Liquid Nitrogen Safety
The following precautions are provided to assist the user of SMA fittings in developing adequate safety standards for use of liquid nitrogen. They are intended as guidelines only and should not be considered binding
recommendations. The safe handling of liquid nitrogen and cryogenically cooled components is the user’s
responsibility.
1) Liquid nitrogen will displace oxygen in confined spaces. Its volume expansion from liquid to gas at
standard conditions is 696 to 1. Evaporation of large amounts of liquid nitrogen in unventilated or
confined spaces may cause suffocation. Therefore, working areas should be provided with adequate
ventilation.
2) Liquid nitrogen at -320° F (-196°C) can cause frostbite or “burn” if it is in contact with the skin
for more than a few seconds. Brief contact with the liquid due to accidental splashing will not cause
harm. Care must be taken to avoid trapping spilled liquid nitrogen against the skin. Wear loose fitting
clothing. Pants should be long enough to cover the tops of the shoes.
3) Thermal Gloves recommended by Aerofit, Inc. are to be used when handling tooling and SMA fittings which have been cooled by liquid nitrogen. Gloves should not be directly submerged in liquid
nitrogen.
4) Eye damage can result from splashed liquid nitrogen: suitable eye protection should be worn (Safety
Glasses or Goggles).
5) Do not come into contact with areas of tools, couplings or materials which have been cooled by liquid nitrogen, as they can also cause frostbite.
6) Bulk transfer of liquid nitrogen should be performed only by trained personnel.
7) Small quantities of liquid nitrogen must be poured slowly to avoid splashing, thermal shock and rapid
build up of pressure.
Emergency Action if a liquid nitrogen spill occurs:
1) Remain clear of the spilled liquid. Allow it to evaporate as a result of shop ventilation.
2) Immediately remove any clothing or shoes which have been soaked with liquid nitrogen; flush skin
with lukewarm water and seek immediate medical attention if burned.
3) In case of eye contact, flush with water and get immediate medical attention.
4) In case of asphyxiation and loss of consciousness move person to ventilated area and seek immediate
medical attention.
61
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General Information
GENERAL INFORMATION
Warranty of Couplings and Fittings
Aerofit, Inc. warrants that CryoFit couplings, compatible fittings, CryOlive flareless, CryoFlare flared end fittings,
and tooling will be free from defects in design, material, and workmanship. Should any SMA fitting, coupling
or tool fail in service, it will be replaced by Aerofit, Inc. at no cost.
Warranty Terms and Conditions
• Proper storage, handling and installation are required, as shown in Aerofit, Inc. published document
• Couplings must be installed on qualified and certified tube material, OD, and wall thickness combinations,
or on Aerofit, Inc. supplied or approved CryoFit compatible fittings
• Failures attributable to designs, modifications, and repairs that are not consistent with accepted design practice are not covered under this warranty.
• This warranty is not assignable to third parties (except the US Government) without the prior written consent of Aerofit, Inc.
• The cost of repairs is not covered under this warranty.
63
www.aerofit.com
GENERAL INFORMATION
AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER APPROVALS
Manufacturer
(Partner
Companies in
Parentheses)
Light
Weight
CryoFlare
Union
same
tube
CRES
CRES
CRES
Aluminum Titanium
Aluminum
Aluminum materials 21.6.9
Titanium
21.6.9
21.6.9
6061-T6
6061-T6
6061-T6
3AL-2.5V 304-1/8H
3041/8H
3AL-2.5V
as
3041/8H
5052-0
5052-0
5052-0
321
321
321
CryOlive
Cryofit
CryOlive
BOEING
727, 737, 747,
757, 767, 777, 787
3PHS111
DC-9, DC-10,
MD-80, MD-11
4PHS
921721T- 921721J- 921721W4PHS
X-36 Remotely
Piloted Vehicle
C-17 (Northrop
Grumman)
921721T 921721J
4PHS
4PHS111
921853
Canard Rotary Wing
4PHS
747 Airborne Laser
4PHS
LOCKHEED MARTIN
F16 (Block 60)
3PHS111
BOMBARDIER
deHavilland Dash 7,
Q200, Q300
deHavilland Dash 8
Canadair Challenger
3PHS111 3PHS111
921883- 921883W
3PHS111 3PHS111
3PHS111 3PHS111
921883- 921883W
Canadair Regional Jet
3PHS111
AIRBUS
A300, A310, A318,
A319, A320, A321 A330, 3PHS111 3PHS111
A340, A350, A380
Refer TDD (Technical Design Directive)
921721T 921721J 921721W 921895
A380
DASSAULT
Falcon Jet
3PHS111
3PHS111
NTO Status
GULFSTREAM (Northrop Grumman)
GV
GIV
3PHS111 3PHS111 3PHS111 921721T
3PHS111 3PHS111 3PHS111
921895
MARSHALL AEROSPACE
L1011
3PHS111
64
www.aerofit.com
Manufacturer
(Partner
Companies in
Parentheses)
Light
Weight
CryoFlare
Union
same
tube
CRES
CRES
CRES
Aluminum Titanium
Aluminum
Aluminum
materials
Titanium
21.6.9
21.6.9
21.6.9
6061-T6
3AL-2.5V 304-1/8H 6061-T6 3AL-2.5V 304-1/8H 6061-T6
3041/8H
as
5052-0
5052-0
5052-0
321
321
321
CryOlive
Cryofit
CryOlive
RAYTHEON
King Air
Premier 1
Hawker Horizon
(FHI)
4PHS111
4PHS
4PHS111 921721T-
921895
4PHS111
4PHS111 921721T-
921895
4PHS
BELL HELICOPTER
UH-1
V-22 (Boeing)
B609 (Agusta)
921721T- 921721J- 921721W
921721T
921721T-
5PHS111
CESSNA
Citation X Proto-type 4PHS111
Model 650
4PHS111
Model 750
4PHS111
4PHS111 921721T
4PHS111 921721T
4PHS111 921721T
921721W
921721W
921721W
SAAB
340
2000
4PHS
4PHS
NORDAM Thrust Reversers for:
921721T 921721J
Citation 550/560
Lear 45
Hawker Horizon
921721T 921721J
U.S. DEPT of DEFENSE
4PHS111
C-17 (Douglas)
F-14
(Northrop Grumman) 3PHS
T-1
3PHS1
(Lockheed Martin)
B-1B (Rockwell)
4PHS
V-22 (Bell/Boeing) 5PHS111
T-45 (BAE/Boeing) M4PHS111
767-AWACS (Boeing)
4PHS
707 JSTARS
4PHS
(Lockheed Martin)
4PHS
C-5 (Lockheed Martin)
CP Ti 6.4
F-22 (Boeing)
and Inconel 625
F16
3PHS111
(Lockheed Martin)
4PHS
65
www.aerofit.com
Manufacturer
(Partner
Companies in
Parentheses)
Light
Weight
CryoFlare
Union
same
tube
CRES
CRES
CRES
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
materials
Titanium
21.6.9
21.6.9
Titanium
21.6.9
6061-T6
6061-T6
6061-T6
3AL-2.5V 304-1/8H
3041/8H
3AL-2.5V
as
3041/8H
5052-0
5052-0
5052-0
321
321
321
CryOlive
Cryofit
CryOlive
NON U.S. GOVERNMENT
Taiwan IDF
(Lockheed Martin)
4PHS
4PHS
Harrier GR5/GR7 4PHS111
/T10 (BAe)
Eurofighter
M2PHS111
Ty-phoon(EADS, Bae, M4PHS111
Alenia)
The following table is intended to summarize the historical qualification and technical development of the current CryoFit couplings series.
Product
Series
4PHS111
System
Year
Operating Tubing Type
Qualified Pressure
Background
OEM
User
Qualifications Qualifications
First fitting made from Tinel Alloy AHS, Northrop, Boeing
designed using Finite Element Analysis.
Military, Vought,
U.S Navy,
About 35% shorter and lighter than 4P0
McDonnell
U.S
Air Force,
Ti-3Al-2.5V
Douglas, Hughes
counterpart, but with longer recovery
Space & Com- Royal Air Force
time. Allowable installation gap is 0.120”.
(Harrier)
munications, GE
Developed and qualified for the B-2 and
Satellites
Northrop ATF.
1985
4000 psi
1985
Made from Tinel Alloy AHS. Roughly
Military, Vought,
35% shorter and lighter than 4P0 counterMcDonnell
2000 psi Ti-3Al-2.5V
Douglas, Hughes
part, but with longer recovery time.
Space & ComAllowable installation gap is 0.120”.
munications, GE
Used in conjunction with 4PHS system.
Northrop, Boeing
2PHS111
U.S Navy,
U.S Air Force
Satellites
M4PHS111
1986
Made from Tinel Alloy AHS. Allowable
4000 psi Ti-3Al-2.5V installation
gap is 0.120” (3 mm). Metric
3000 psi BS T72-T73
M2PHS111
1986
5PHS111
1987
3PHS111
1995
coupling developed and qualified for the
T-45 Goshawk and now selected for the
Eurofighter Typhoon.
BAe,
McDonnell
Douglas
U.S. Navy
BAe,
McDonnell
coupling developed for use in conjunction
Douglas
with the M4PHS111 system.
Northrop,
McDonnell
installation
gap
is
0.120”.
Developed
and
Ti-3Al-2.5V
Douglas, Bell
qualified for the Bell/Boeing V-22 and the Helicopter,
Boeing
McDonnell Douglas A-12.
Helicopter
1000 psi BS T72-T73 installation gap is 0.120” (3 mm). Metric
5000 psi
3000 psi Ti-3Al-2.5V Made from Tinel Alloy AHS. Allowable instal- Airbus Industrie,
lation gap is 0.300”. Originally qualified to
Boeing,
3000 psi 21-6-9
ISO 7169 for Airbus as a direct replacement
deHavilland
for Rynglok and Permaswage. Designed to
3000 psi 304-1/8
be the single coupling for commercial aircraft original installation and repair.
1000 psi 6061-T6
66
U.S. Navy
U.S. Navy
Air France,
United Airlines
www.aerofit.com
GENERAL INFORMATION
CryoFit® Couplings for Space Vehicle Plumbing Systems
CryoFit couplings have been used in Space Vehicle applications dating back to the mid-1970s. They have been
qualified by Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (1974), General Electric Astro Space (1991) and Hughes
Space & Communications (1994). CryoFit couplings have also been evaluated for space vehicle applications
in the UK, Japan and Germany and by Boeing Defense & Space Group. All testing has been conducted at the
expense of the companies and test reports are considered proprietary. This fact sheet is intended to summarise
the conclusions of those reports and such details as are known about any ongoing testing.
Company
Product
Series and
Sizes
Tube Types
Propellant
Tests
Performed
Results
Space Vehicle
Applications
Lockheed
Missiles &
Space
Company
4P02111
304CRES
N2H4
1/4”, 1/2”, joined to:
3/4”
Ti-3Al-2.5V,
304CRES,
2021Al
Tensile strength,
Burst, Gas Leak,
Vibration,
Contamination,
Hydrazine
compatibility
All mechanical test results deemed Unknown (but see
acceptable. CryoFit couplings not entry under Primex
affected by hydrazine and no trace Aerospace below)
of titanium or nickel found in
hydrazine after test.
General
Electric
Astro Space
4P02111
3/8”
Ti-3Al-2.5V N2H4
MON-3
Unknown
but included
propellant
compatibility
Hughes
4PHS111
Space &
1/4”, 3/8”
Communications
Ti-3Al-2.5V MON-3
per MILP-26539;
Monomethylhydrazine
per MILP-27404;
Hydrazine
per MILP-26536;
Helium per
MIL-P-27407
Gas Leak;
Propellant
compatibility;
Burst pressure; Impulse;
Thermal
cycle; Flex;
Metallographic analysis
All mechanical test results deemed
acceptable. No untoward effects
were noted during the metallurgical evaluation of CryoFit sleeves
after propellant exposure.
CryoFit couplings met all requirements of use with liquid propulsion
systems with the propellants listed.
Service with xenon gas qualified by
similarity to helium. Recommended as an alternative to welding or
flareless tube coupling where high
strength, high reliability and ease of
installation are important factors.
In 1999 Hughes reported an aggregate 800 problem-free years in
space for the CryoFit couplings on
their spacecraft.
DASA Space
(DaimlerBenz
Aerospace
Raumfahrt
Infrastructure)
Matra-Marconi Space
(UK)
(Now Astrium)
4PHS111 &
921721
(Cryolive)
3/8”
Ti-3Al-2.5V Hydrazine
4PHS111
1/4”, 3/8”
Ti -3Al-2.5V Hydrazine
Ti-6Al-4V
CP Ti, SS304
Hydrazine
compatibility, gas leak,
proof pressure,
further qualification tests
planned.
Gas Leak
All tests completed satisfactorily.
Globalstar 2
DASA noted (as had GE) that Xylan Teledesic
lubricant on CryoFit extremities
was soluble in hydrazine. No risk
of contamination of propellant
inside tubes because lubricant is
external to coupling ‘teeth’.
MMS reported leak rate of less
Undetermined
than 10-9 cc/s for a 4PHS111-04
joining 2 Ti-3Al-2.5V tubes filled
with helium at 387 bar (≈ porosity of tube)
Vibration,
Thermal Cycle,
4X operating
pressure
Proof Pressure
Mass Spectrometer Leak test,
Bending, Vibration, Torsion,
Burst, Adjacent
Weld
All tests completed satisfactorily
Unknown
All tests completed satisfactorily
Leak and burst tests successful
even on samples where assembly
had been deliberately bent. Tests
concluded when tube burst at
23,500 psi
Pegasus and GPS
programs.
(Sub-contract for
Lockheed Martin)
Boeing Space 4P02111 ¼” 304
& Defence
1/8 Hard
Group
321
Hydrazine
Primex
Aerospace
Company
Hydrazine
5PHS111 ¼” Ti 6Al-4V
304
1/8 Hard
67
Unknown
UHF/F2;
Brasilsat;
GMS-5, MSAT E-1
PANAMSAT K-1
www.aerofit.com
GENERAL INFORMATION
CryoFit® Couplings for Space Vehicle Plumbing Systems
Company
Product
Series and
Sizes
Tube Types
Propellant
Tests
Performed
Results
Space Vehicle
Applications
Undetermined Negative Pressure, GHe leak rate less than 1x 10-7cc/ Unknown
Low temperature sec even when installed coupling
below martensitic transformation
leak tests
temperature.
Unknown
Unknown
4PO2111
Commercial Undetermined Unknown
Ishikawajima Harima 3/8” & 1/2” Stainless
Steel
Heavy Industries
ESA/Dornier 4PHS111
Leak Test (Dowty) Satisfactory - approved for propel- XMM
Ti-3Al-2.5V Hydrazine
/Fiat BPD/ 1/4”
Vibration with
lant tank repair.
Dowty AeroThermal Cycle
space
superimposed
(ESA)
Mars Rover
JPL Pasadena 4PHS111
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Not communicated
Landing Vehicle
NASA,
JFK Space
Center
3PHS111 ½” 304
1/8 Hard
NASA – God- 4PHS111
dard Space
Center
Unknown
Surrey Satel- 3PHS111
lite Technolo- ¼” & 3/8”
gies Ltd
T1-3Al-2.5V
& CRES
Unknown
Unknown
Not communicated
Thermal Cycling Tests completed satisfactorily
68
www.aerofit.com
GENERAL INFORMATION
Measurements of Electrical Resistance measured across assembled 3PHS111 coupling
CRES 21-6-9
Tube
Size
Test No.
Measured Resistance
milliohms
4
6
8
10
12
16
20
24
15906
15907
15940
15946
15833
15840
15846
15847
15856
15869
15939
15951
15953
15954
15958
15852
15857
15870
15871
15881
15884
15849
15911
15925
15926
15964
15969
15989
15995
15996
16229
16230
16231
16232
16236
16237
16238
16239
2.6
2.35
2.65
2.65
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.96
2
2.11
1.55
1.61
1.63
1.63
1.74
2.1
1.6
1.2
1.18
1.26
1.33
1.1
1.08
1.03
1.05
0.9
0.94
0.85
0.86
0.86
1.73
1.78
1.65
1.7
1.69
1.73
1.95
1.9
avg
Ti-3AL-2.5V
Tube
Size
BAC5117
limit
milliohms
2.56
12
4
2.03
8
6
1.63
5
8
1.45
avg
BAC5117
limit
milliohms
3.51
12
2.98
8
2.32
5
1.85
3
1.61
1.2
Measured Resistance
milliohms
Test No.
3
10
1.07
12
0.88
16
1.72
20
1.82
24
69
15908
15910
15930
15931
15832
15838
15845
15865
15866
15876
15936
15950
15965
15972
3.7
3.27
3.45
3.6
2.46
2.9
2.68
3.2
3.25
3.4
2.35
2.35
2.34
2.22
15842
15874
15875
15886
1.62
2.08
1.9
1.8
15848
15928
15929
15942
15850
15863
15970
15984
15990
1.56
1.6
1.68
1.6
1.36
1.35
1.4
1.3
0.58
www.aerofit.com
Al. Alloy 6061-T6
Tube Size
4
6
8
10
12
16
Test No.
Measured Resistance
avg
milliohms
15912
15916
15917
2.37
2.17
1.84
15918
15841
15867
15868
15878
15880
15882
15883
15927
15938
15959
15960
15971
15843
15873
15877
15885
15887
15897
15921
15922
15923
15862
15909
15935
15952
15851
15991
16014
1.66
2.15
1.44
2.2
2.72
1.69
1.27
2.38
0.63
0.54
0.4
0.68
0.75
0.38
0.48
0.36
1.06
0.46
0.38
0.43
0.37
0.38
0.61
0.44
0.36
0.27
0.4
0.71
0.28
16243
16244
16245
16246
16247
0.23
0.4
1.64
0.17
0.71
BAC5117
limit milliohms
2.01
1.98
1.3
0.6
0.95
0.48
0.75
0.42
0.46
0.63
20
24
70
www.aerofit.com
Comparative Measurements of Electrical Resistance measured across assembled CryoFit couplings and CryOlive
/Lightweight Union connections
CryoFit
CryOlive and Lightweight Union
Tube Size
Installed
Tube only (control)
Installed
Tube only (control)
-4
1.8
2.63
2.7
2.74
-6
0.95
1.32
1.08
1.42
-8
0.95
1.36
0.96
1.9
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Corrosion Resistance of TiNi Alloys
TiNi alloys in natural atmospheres and waters are generally more corrosion resistant than 316 stainless steel but
not as resistant as pure titanium. A passive oxide/nitride surface film is the basis of the corrosion resistance of
these three materials. Specific environments can cause the passive film on TiNi to break down , opening the alloy to attack. The accumulated experience with TiNi will be presented as corrosion by atmospheres, by waters,
by organic chemicals, by inorganic chemicals or by biological environments.
Corrosion by Atmospheres
Polished TiNi remains shiny in air from ambient temperatures up to about 100ºC at which temperature the
oxide/nitride surface layer slowly thickens giving the interference colors. Up to about 700ºC, a tight, thin,
blue-black oxide/nitride film protects the TiNi. Above 700ºC, the layer thickens into a more porous brown and
yellow scale. No absorption of oxygen into the alloy or internal oxidation occurs, thus TiNi behaves more like
stainless steel at elevated temperatures than like titanium alloys.
If TiNi at ambient temperature is impinged by pure oxygen gas at progressively higher pressures, flashes and
sustained burning begin above 150 psi absolute. By 500 psia, 16 out of 20 tests produced flashes and burning.
When TiNi is heated to 700ºC in pure nitrogen at atmospheric pressure a beautiful gold-colored, somewhat
brittle, surface layer forms.
The interaction between hydrogen and TiNi is sensitive to hydrogen concentration, pressure, and temperature.
TiNi remains ductile after having been heated to 750ºC in hydrogen gas at atmospheric pressure , then returned
to room temperature. However, TiNi exposed to hydrogen gas at 360ºC becomes brittle and crumbly. If nascent
hydrogen is charged into TiNi, a brittle surface layer forms and thickens with time. This will be discussed in
more detail in the “waters” section. Also, if TiNi tensile samples are elongated while surrounded by hydrogen
gas at 7,000 psi, brittle failure occurs; immediately upon reducing the pressure to one atmosphere, the failure
mode is again ductile.
The presence of gaseous hydrogen fluoride in damp air at ambient temperatures has caused surface etching and
stress corrosion cracking in bare TiNi couplings. Condensation was occurring on the couplings, however, so this
should probably be considered as attack by hydrofluoric acid.
Corrosion by Water
Tinel is not attacked by fresh water. Even in pressurized boiling water (PBW) at 300°C for eleven months, Tinel
gained only 15% as much weight as Zircaloy-2. The same sort of PBW at 340°C and 20 ml / kg H2 causes little
damage. Water at 360°C with 100 ml H2 / kg causes Tinel to crumble to dust; the diffraction pattern of the dust
shows only the presence of TiH2 and Ti2Ni. Tinel resists attack while immersed in flowing sea water. However,
in stagnant sea water as in crevices, the protective film can break down, resulting in pitting. Tunneling corrosion
can occur when Tinel is exposed to a marine environment which cycles from salt mist in the cool of the day to
evaporation during the heat of the day. Small, residue-free pits form on the weather surface while branching
tunnels penetrate into the bulk of the metal (tunneling corrosion has been reported in austenitic stainless steel
under similar conditions). This same type of corrosion occurs when the salinity exceeds twice that of sea water
and the pH drops below two. Addition of sodium hydrochloride to sea water causes the same phenomenon. Salt
spray tests are often used as an accelerated indication of longer term corrosion resistance. Tinel passes these tests.
In one case CryoFit coupling assemblies were subjected to a six-day cyclic test in 5% salt plus sulphur dioxide
spray. All assemblies passed the test. A year later one of the unwashed assemblies was found to have cracked.
Sectioning revealed that tunneling occurred throughout the coupling, starting from the inside where electrolyte
had been trapped between the coupling and the tube.
Special effects have resulted from electrical currents and saline solutions. A cycling plus-minus 5 volt applied to
Tinel in a 150-ohm saline solution caused grain boundary cracking within 150 days. Also, when Tinel was
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made the cathode in a cell with a saline electrolyte and a voltage which caused hydrolysis of the water, the Tinel
was charged with nascent hydrogen. For several days after removal from the cell, chips of Tinel would forcibly
pop off the surface, especially at corners.
Products for Demanding Marine and Industrial Applications
SMA Fittings for marine and industrial use provide an innovative means to permanently join pipes and tubes
in critical high-performance systems. SMA Fitting’s reliable performance and reduced installation cost make it
superior to welding or brazing methods for both original construction and maintenance in a variety of applications.
Typical marine applications for SMA Fittings include hydraulic, compressed air, fire fighting, and gauge line
systems. SMA Fittings are used in over 20 different ship classes, including the DDG-51, CG-47, and LHD-1
classes.
SMA Fittings are also used in both nuclear and fossil fuel electric power generating plants for feed water, control,
and discharge systems.
Corrosion by Organic Chemicals
Acetic acid, CH3COOH, attacks Tinel at a modest rate of one to three mils per year (mpy) over the temperature
range 30°C to the boiling point and the concentration range 50% to 99.5%. The attack is fastest at the lowest
concentration at the highest temperature and at the highest concentration at the lower temperature. Seventy per
cent acetic acid with 0.1% formic acid, HCOOH, attacks at the same rate as 70% acetic acid: 0.3 mpy.
A study reported 5 mpy attack rate in 0.5M oxalic acid, H2C2O4, at 50°C.
Methanol, CH3OH, has a mixed history. A steel pipeline on the bottom of the North Sea was used to deliver
methanol as an anti-freeze to gas wells. An undersea repair was made to the line using a Tinel coupling which
served without problems for several years. A similar installation on a new drilling platform off Scotland leaked
within hours after being filled with methanol. This occurred again with several methanol line couplings under
Lake Erie. Tunneling of a type similar to that found with special marine exposure situations was the cause. Low
concentrations of water and halides in methanol cause attack on titanium alloys, whereas pure methanol or
more contaminated methanol does not. Perhaps this is true for Tinel, too.
A 15% solution of iodine in polyvinyl pyridine at 37°C and at 60°C caused severe cracking of Tinel couplings
within one month.
Tinel was not attacked after three months in a urea, CO(NH2)2, solution at 100°C.
The hydraulic fluids, Skydrol 500 and Aerosafe 2300, at 125°C and 135°C, respectively, for 20 hours caused
no attack on Tinel couplings. This preliminary observation has been corroborated by many years of satisfactory
Tinel service aboard aircraft.
Corrosion by Inorganic Chemicals
Tinel has been exposed to a number of different inorganic chemicals singly or in combinations and mostly as
aqueous solutions. The observations will be presented in alphabetical order:
Aluminum nitrate at 6.2M concentration and 50°C attacked Tinel at a fraction of a mil per year. However, 0.3M
A1 (NO3)3 + 0.6M HF + 12M HNO3 attacked at 1300 mpy.
At 50°C, 6.2M ammonium thiocyanate, NH4SCN did not attack Tinel.
Boron trifluoride plus hydrogen fluoride dissolved in water condensate on CryoFit couplings attacked at 20 to
40 mpy in a pitting mode and led to stress corrosion cracking.
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Bromine dissolved in methanol can chemically polish Tinel.
Tinel has been exposed to liquid cadmium with no ill effects.
Calcium hypochlorite at 70°C attacked at 15 mpy.
Chromic acid at 10% concentration and 70°C attacked at 1 mpy; 50%, at 2 mpy. One percent chromic acid plus
five per cent hydrochloric acid attacked at 18.5 mpy. Chromic acid at 6.8% plus 1.5% ferric chloride plus 9%
hydrochloric acid attacked at 2,200 mpy. Half a per cent chromic acid plus 5% sulfuric acid attacked at 1 mpy.
Copper chloride at 70°C attacked at 215 mpy.
Ferric chloride at 8% concentration and 70°C attacked at 350 mpy. 1.5% ferric chloride +2.5% HCl attacked at
110 mpy; +5% HCl, at 120 mpy; +10% HCl, dissolved the Tinel!
The attack of hydrochloric acid on Tinel has a strong dependence on temperature, acid concentration, and the
specific alloy composition. With 3% HCl at 100°C and a range of alloy compositions, the rate of attack was
as low as 14 mpy and as high as 129; with 5% HCl the rate was from 14 to 1,667 mpy. At room temperature
with 7M HCl, Tinel “A” lost from 9,000 to 18,000 mpy. Preliminary results indicate that gaseous HCl can cause
stressed CryoFit couplings to fail within minutes. Curiously, equal parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid,
concentrated nitric acid, and water at room temperature remove the heavy scale from hot worked Tinel without
noticeable attack of the alloy.
Combinations of hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and water give some of the most useful solutions for chemical
surface treatment of Tinel. Descaling, metallographic etching, and chemical polishing at various rates can be
achieved by adjusting the ratios. One part of 40% HF, one part concentrated HNO3, and two and a half parts of
concentrated H2SO4 also brightens Tinel.
Hydrazine did not attack Tinel “A” in a 49-day test at 85°F. A 16-week test at 70°F also caused no attack.
Nitric acid is more aggressive toward Tinel than toward austenitic stainless steel. At 30°C, 10% HNO3 attacked
Tinel at 1 mpy; 60%, at 10 mpy; 5% HNO3 at its boiling point attacked at 80 mpy. In another test at 50°C, 3M
HNO3 attacked at 11.5 mpy, 7.5M at 29 mpy; and 12M, at 30.5 mpy. Red fuming nitric acid at room temperature caused extensive weight loss and pitting of Tinel within 48 hours.
The combination of 7.5M nitric acid with 0.02M sulfuric acid caused just 9 mpy attack on a Tinel coupon.
However, a Tinel coupling on a 304 stainless steel tube lost 29 mpy, whereas the stainless steel lost none.
Nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, caused no attack of Tinel during a 49-day exposure at 85°C.
Attack by phosphoric acid is a strong function of concentration and temperature. At 30°C, 5% H3PO4 attacks
Tinel at 0.5 mpy; for 50% H3PO4 at the boiling point the rate is 2,300 mpy. A CryoFit coupling im-mersed in
105 weight per cent H3PO4 at 400°F “completely dissolved within 48 hours”.
Potassium hydroxide does not seem to attack Tinel. Seven hundred twenty hours exposure to 6M KOH at 50°C
caused no loss of Tinel.
A CryoFit coupling joining two 304 stainless steel tubes was pressurized with helium. The assembly was immersed in liquid sodium at 482°C for 30 minutes, then returned to room temperature. On the sixth cycle the
assembly leaked. The failure was attributed to creep; attack of the Tinel was not reported.
Sodium hydroxide at 20% concentration and 30°C attacks TiNi at 0.4 mpy; at the boiling point, 1.6 mpy.
Binary TiNi is attacked by 5 wt. sulfuric acid at 100°C at 8,200 mpy; by 10 wt. %, at 14,300 mpy. For highly
alloyed TiNi, 1% sulfuric acid at 30°C attacks at 0.4 mpy; concentrated sulfuric, at 84 mpy. At its boiling point,
0.1 % sulfuric acid attacks highly alloyed TiNi at 0.3 mpy; 5% sulfuric acid, at 460 mpy. At 50°C, 0.3M sulfuric
acid attacks Tinel at 3 mpy; 3.0M, at 670 mpy.
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Oxygen Compatibility
SMA products manufactured from Tinel have been found to be compatible with oxygen system applications due
to their geometry and passive protective oxide layer
We have carefully researched the topic and concluded that there is no reasonable possibility of this occurring.
Consider the following:
1. Spontaneous combustion of highly reactive materials is known -- fires from zirconium machining chips
caused serious damage and injuries in the 1960’s at the Bettis Atomic Power Labs in West Mifflin, PA; and
explosions involving aluminium powder are certainly common -- in fact, the self combustion of aluminium
provides the fuel for the space shuttle booster rockets. NiTi is indeed highly reactive, but far less so than is
pure titanium or aluminium. We have done a careful search of the literature on NiTi and found no published
or verifiable evidence of self-combustion with oxygen. The only reference to the effects of NiTi in oxygen
is an obscure letter written from the NASA Marshall Flight Center to Raychem in 1971. It was found that an
unidentified NiTi alloy sustained some reaction in gaseous and liquid oxygen above 150 psia. However, it
must be noted that neither the alloy, the test conditions or sample configurations were documented. If NASA
conducted the tests according to the ASTM test method, which involves the use of dropped weights, to obtain
these results, then there would seem to be absolutely no correlation to your fluid fittings applications.
2. All known combustion events of similar materials have involved forms such as fine powders or machining
chips, where the surface area to volume ratios are very high. The products you use, however, are bulk products and have nowhere near the surface area to volume ratio required to self-combust. Roughly speaking,
the ratio in a -6 CryOlive (3/8” I.D.) is about 10,000 times lower than that which would be found in a fine
powder. Very fine sheet and wire products would have a higher propensity to combust than would the CryOlive, but still would be considered safe by any measure. Keep in mind, sheets of 0.1mm thicknesses and wires
of 0.02mm diameter have been in use for some time without adverse observations.
Note that it is possible for shapes to have very fine burrs, depending upon manufacturing methods. Fine
burrs are candidates for combustion, but would not trigger a general combustion event. Combustion deburring is, in fact, a common and harmless production method used with stainless steels and like materials.
3. Combustion can only happen in the absence of a passive oxide layer. Aluminium powder, for example, is
explosive after atomization in high purity helium, but not after atomization in air. Aluminium tubing is commonly used upon aircraft even though aluminium is the most reactive metal known -- many more times so
than is nickel-titanium. Safety, in this case, is provided by the passive oxide layer formed by nature itself during the processing of the tubing. Nickel-titanium is well known to have such a protective layer. New metal is
exposed by machining but the oxide layer is immediately reformed due to exposure to coolant water and air.
Moreover, your finished products are heat treated which eliminates all chance that parts go unprotected.
4. Combustion of NiTi is known in one particular case: if elemental ingredients are pressed together in the
absence of oxygen, then heated rapidly and adiabatically to 720°C, they can “combust”. That is, they will
chemically combine in an exothermic manner, heating specimens beyond their melting points. This, clearly,
is completely irrelevant to your situation since you use pre-alloyed material. We mention this simply because
there are literature references to such “combustion synthesis” methods which might tend to mislead people
into believing this is a problem with the alloy in general.”
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Seal, Hold and Flex
Seal, hold, and flex are the essential tasks that any flareless sleeve must perform, in addition to properly mating
with the flareless fitting end. Sealing in this context refers to the sleeve-to-tube juncture. Holding refers to the
sleeve’s ability to withstand various operating loads, i.e. tension and torsion. Flex refers to the sleeve’s ability to
withstand flexural loads. To aid understanding of how CryOlive sleeves work, Figure 7 identifies the regions of
the sleeve responsible for the various tasks it must perform.
Figure 7
TASK REGIONS OF A CRYOLIVE SLEEVE
HOLD
(BODY)
MATE
(NOSE)
FLEX
(TAIL)
SEAL (TEETH)
Sealing: CryOlive Sleeves
The tube-to-sleeve seal occurs at the teeth, and is a pressure boundary. No leakage is allowed. A robust seal is
essential. Sealing is a task at which CryOlive sleeves excel because of shape-memory. To understand the role
shape-memory plays in sealing, it is useful to examine the stress-strain curves for the sleeve and the tube during
installation (constrained recovery). These are shown in Figures 8a and 8b respectively.
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Figure 8a
Figure 8b
3
6
2
f
f
Tube Yields
Sleeve Contacts Tube
1
SLEEVE
Sleeve Contacts Tube
5 4
1
TUBE
In Figure 8a, sleeve contact with the tube begins at point 5. In Figure 8b sleeve contact with the tube begins
at point 1. After contact, stress builds rapidly in both the sleeve and the tube. Looking at the tube stress/strain
curve, the tube begins to yield and continues to yield until equilibrium is reached between the tube and the
sleeve. At this point recovery ceases. It is very important to note that when recovery ceases there is no let-off, or
springback in either the tube or the sleeve, and that the final stress in each remains high. The remaining high
interfacial pressure between the tube and the sleeve is the paramount feature of the CryOlive SMA sleeve. It is
this interfacial pressure, transmitted primarily through the teeth, which creates and sustains the metal-to-metal
seal between the tube and the sleeve.
Sealing: MS 21922 Flareless Sleeves
Sealing with MS 21922 sleeves is accomplished quite differently. Figure 9 shows a detail of the MS 21922 sleeve
before and after installation. MS 21922 sleeves are often called “bite-type” sleeves. When the sleeve is installed
on the tube, the nut (or pre-setter) pushes the sleeve towards the end of the tube and the nose of the sleeve is
forced into the tube by the conical taper of the fitting end. The small, sharp, case-hardened cutting edge on the
inside surface of the nose digs or “bites” into the tube surface and throws up a burr, hence the term “bite-type”
sleeve. The bite is where the sleeve-to-tube seal occurs.
Figure 9
MS 21922 SLEEVE DETAIL
PRE-INSTALLED
INSTALLED
CUTTING EDGE
MS 21922 sleeves work satisfactorily on soft steel and aluminum tubes but don’t work well on harder tube materials, (21-6-9 CRES and 3AL-2.5V titanium, for example) as they can’t bite into them with a high degree of
consistency and reliability.
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Holding: CryOlive Sleeves
As previously stated, holding refers to the sleeve’s ability to withstand all of the various operating loads, i.e. tensile and torsional loads caused by fluid pressure, structural flexing, and vibration. With CryOlive sleeves, there
are two mechanisms doing the holding: mechanical interference and friction. Mechanical interference is created as the sleeve swages the tube into a drawing-die configuration. The interfacial pressure, or radial loading,
between the sleeve and the tube creates friction forces which oppose axial and torsional loads.
Holding and sealing are both aided by tooth “bite”. The sleeve’s teeth concentrate the recovery forces and actually indent the surface of the tube as the sleeve recovers. This creates additional mechanical interference between
the sleeve and the tube and enhances the tensile load carrying ability of the sleeve. Figure 10 contains a cutaway
view of a CryOlive sleeve installed on tube.
Figure 10
INSTALLED CRYOLIVE SLEEVE
Empirical and analytical study of the interaction between the tube and the teeth has led to thorough understanding of the tooth geometry and spacing needed to produce the optimum drawing-die configuration. Stateof-the-art finite element analysis involving plastic deformation analysis with slide lines was employed to optimize the configuration of the teeth for optimum “bite”.
The sealing and holding ability of CryOlive sleeves are both entirely dependent on the sleeve’s ability to swage the
tube. With this in mind, many who are unfamiliar with shape-memory technology feel compelled to ask, “Will
the sleeve always swage the tube enough?”, and the converse, “Can the sleeve swage the tube too much?”
Holding: MS 21922 Flareless Sleeve
With MS 21922 sleeves there are also two mechanisms providing holding ability. There is mechanical interference resulting from the deformation that takes place when the sleeve is set, and there is the “bite” that was
described in the discussion of sealing. As mentioned previously, the bite isn’t good on hard tubes.
Taking these questions one at a time, the answer to the first question is yes, the sleeve will always swage the tube
sufficiently. Two things are required for proper swaging: sufficient force, and sufficient motion. As was mentioned early on, the alloy can develop hoop stress upwards of 60 KSI (412 MPa) during constrained recovery.
This ability is an inherent property of the alloy, and is a function of alloy composition and processing. Consistent
alloy exhibits consistent shape-memory behavior. Alloy production, processes, controls, and quality checks are
utilized to assure consistent material. Determination of the force required to swage a tube of a given material,
strength, and stiffness is relatively straightforward, and burst performance requirements, typically 4X, dictate
the amount of swaging necessary to meet the requirements. Conventional calculations are then employed to
determine the cross sectional thickness of alloy required to do the job. In general, ensuring sufficient swaging
involves 1) balancing the stress the shape-memory alloy can produce with the force required to swage a given
tube via sleeve cross section, and 2) sizing the sleeve’s as-machined ID so as to effectively use the available shapememory motion.
As mentioned earlier, CryOlive sleeves were designed to be used with most common aerospace tubing: 6061T6 aluminum, 304 1/8 hard CRES, 21-6-9 CRES, 3Al-2.5V CWSR titanium, etc. As far as tube swaging is concerned, the sleeve’s cross section and ID are sized such that even at their worst-case tolerance extremes, i.e. the
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minimum cross-section and the maximum tooth ID, the sleeve has enough stored energy and motion to swage
the strongest, stiffest tube, i.e. 4000 psi rated CWSR titanium tube per AMS4944, with the tube in its least favorable condition, i.e. minimum OD, maximum wall, and maximum yield strength.
The following example illustrates how a sleeve is sized so as to swage properly under adverse tolerance stack-ups.
A size -20 shape-memory alloy sleeve is used in this example.
Tube OD: Machined Sleeve ID: EXPANDED SLEEVE ID
1. Max Tube Diameter:
2. Min. Clearance at Installation:
3. Required Min Expanded Sleeve ID:
1.249-1.254
1.186-1.192
1.254
+.005
1.259
REQUIRED SLEEVE MOTION
4. Min Required Tube Swaging (2%): 5. Unresolved Sleeve Recovery (2%): 6. Tube Tolerance:
7. Installation Clearance:
8. Necessary Sleeve Motion: 1.249 X .02 =
1.192 X .02 =
1.254 - 1.249 =
1.259 - 1.254 =
4 + 5 + 6 +7 =
.025
.024
.005
.005
.059
EXCESS MOTION
9. Min. Available Sleeve Motion:
1.259 - 1.190 = .069
10. Necessary Sleeve Motion:
-.059
11. Excess Available Motion: .010
Dimensions in inches.
Note the following about the preceding exercise:
2% swaging is a nominal figure considered by Aerofit, Inc. engineers to provide good “holding” ability. Note
that 2% swaging is based on the minimum OD tube and is therefore conservative. 2% unresolved recovery refers
to the difference between the as-machined, or free-recovered, sleeve ID and the as-installed ID. 2% is a nominal
figure considered by Aerofit, Inc. engineers to provide good sealing ability. Note that 2% unresolved is based on
the max machined sleeve ID, and is also conservative.
Excess available motion (.010 in this example) and the unresolved recovery ensure that the sleeve will always
swage the tube sufficiently.
A size -20 sleeve is used as an example here but the situation is typical. There is excess available motion for all
sizes of sleeves.
Moving now to the second question, “Can the sleeve swage the tube too much?” The answer is no, but this answer requires some qualification. The sleeve can only recover to its original, as-machined size. This can only
occur if there is little or no resistance from the tube or no tube at all.
Low-strength, low stiffness tubes are not ideally suited to CryOlive installations, nor to any other flareless design,
for that matter. Consider 1.000 x .020 wall, 5052-0 aluminum tube, for example. This is a very low strength,
low stiffness tube. This tubing would present little resistance to the swaging force of a CryOlive sleeve. The
sleeve would recover virtually all the way to its as-machined ID resulting in very little unresolved recovery. The
benefits of the “live crimp” action that results from unresolved recovery are lost in this situation.
Other questions that have been raised with regard to swaging are, “Is it possible for the nose to swage so much
as to lose its ability to mate with the MS fitting end?”, and, “Can the sleeve body swage to the point where it
would not have adequate contact with the shoulder of the coupling-nut?”. The answer on both accounts is no.
These possibilities were addressed in the sleeve design by configuring the nose so that it is incapable of swaging
upon recovery, and by ensuring there was adequate overlap of the nut and sleeve shoulders after recovery.
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Flexing: CryOlive Sleeves
Referring to Figure 7, note the tail region of the sleeve. The tail is responsible for flexure performance. The
tail bleeds off bending stresses encountered by the tube. Firm, uniform contact between the tube and the tail
is required to effectively transfer the stresses from the tube to the sleeve. Here the interfacial pressure of the
shape-memory effect is tailored via tail geometry to provide gradual, uniform support of the tube. In addition
the ID of the tail is coated with a solid film lubricant to combat fretting between the sleeve and the tube. Flexural endurance of CryOlive shape-memory sleeves is often limited by the flexural endurance of the tube. 4000
psi rated CryOlive sleeves, for example, were qualified on 3Al-2.5V titanium tubing in flexure with a minimum
of ten million cycles at 20,750 psi minimum dynamic bending stress. No other 4000 psi rated separable fitting is qualified at this stress in every size. Figure 11 and Figure 12 display CryOlive sleeve flexure results from
qualification testing on 4000 and 3000 psi rated CWSR titanium tube, respectively. CryOlive sleeves meet the
flexure requirements of AS18280.
Figure 11
4000 PSI QUALIFICATION FLEXURE TEST RESULTS
CRYOLIVE SLEEVES ON
4000 PSI CWSR TITANIUM TUBE
50000
-4 test halted; no failure
-6
STRESS (PSI)
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
RUNOUT BEYOND
10,000,000 CYCLES
3
4
5
6
7
8
CYCLES
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Figure 12
3000 PSI QUALIFICATION FLEXURE TEST RESULTS
CRYOLIVE SLEEVES ON
3000 PSI CWSR TITANIUM TUBE
50000
-4
40000
-6
-8
STRESS (PSI)
30000
20000
10000
0
RUNOUT BEYOND
10,000,000 CYCLES
3
4
5
6
7
8
CYCLES
Mating: CryOlive Sleeves vs. MS 21922 Sleeves
When mated, the contacting surfaces of a flareless sleeve and flareless fitting end form a pressure boundary.
Proper mating is essential. To hold pressure, the surfaces must contact uniformly and be held together firmly.
The sleeves and fittings are machined within certain tolerances. Proper mating must occur for any combination
of permissible tolerance conditions of both the mating parts. Flareless connections are required by AS18280 to
be capable of eight repeated assemblies.
Proper mating must be established each time the joint is reassembled. In actual usage, reassembly may involve
replacement of the fitting, in which case the sleeve may encounter a fitting end that is likely to be in a slightly
different tolerance condition than its predecessor. So proper mating must occur 1) for any permissible tolerance condition of both parts, 2) with repeated assembly, and 3) if components are interchanged. To accomplish
this, the design and/or the components need to have some “give” in them. MS sleeves and CryOlive sleeves
both provide the necessary “give”, but differ in one key aspect: MS sleeves do not have positive stop whereas
CryOlive sleeves do.
Because they have no positive stop, MS sleeves are susceptible to problems resulting from over torquing. Torquing beyond the prescribed limits forces the MS sleeve deeper and deeper into the conical taper of the fitting end
and results in deformation of the sleeve. The deformation can cause leakage or if the over torquing is severe the
sleeve can actually buckle. In either case the deformation interferes with proper mating upon reassembly with
the same fitting or a different fitting.
CryOlive sleeves are not susceptible to over torquing. The shoulder on the sleeve butts against the end of the
fitting as the joint is torqued up and thus limits the penetration of the nose into the fitting end, even if the joint
is overtorqued.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Common Questions
If I let a coupling recover (shrink), can I put it back in liquid nitrogen to re-expand it?
No, it must be returned to the distributor for re-expansion. But make sure that it is returned, because the ability
to re-expand couplings ensures that the investment in the product is not lost if it recovers for whatever reason.
Do not throw away/dispose of recovered couplings!
If I let a coupling recover on a tube without it being properly positioned, can I remove the coupling by putting it back in
liquid nitrogen?
No, once the coupling shrinks on a tube, the only way to remove it is to cut it off the tube.
If the joint is cooled below the transformation temperature of the alloy, will the coupling fail?
No, the coupling will become relatively weaker at cryogenic temperatures, but will not fail. Recall that the only
way a coupling can be expanded at low temperatures is by mechanical force, as in the mandrel used in the manufacturing process. The low temperature itself will not cause the coupling to expand. Indeed NASA have tested
couplings at -320ºF (-196ºC) and recorded Helium leak rates of less than 10-5 cc/sec.
Is there a corrosion problem between the coupling (which contains titanium) and aluminum tubing?
No. Even though titanium and aluminum are at opposite ends of the galvanic scale, testing and thirty years of
experience of using the alloy on aluminum have shown that corrosion problems do not readily occur. The key
is properly protected aluminum tube. Corrosion problems on unprotected aluminum tube will occur with any
coupling, not just SMA products!
How long do I have till the coupling recovers?
The complete answer is it depends on the size of the coupling which translates into the mass of the metal. The
tube material can also influence recovery with aluminum transferring temperature the quickest and titanium
transferring temperature the slowest. But on the average, you should have about 30 seconds to install a coupling
prior to recovery. This time can be increased by cooling the tube prior to installation.
What is the shelf life of the couplings in storage?
Unlimited - provided the liquid nitrogen in the storage vessel is kept refilled.
Are there Shape Memory Alloy tees and elbows too?
Because of the limitations of the expansion process ( the final stage of manufacturing of all Shape Memory Alloy couplings ) it is not possible to have tees and elbows made from Shape Memory Alloy - they would in any
case be somewhat complex to install. However, Aerofit offers a wide range of CryoFit-compatible tees, elbows,
crosses, bulkhead fittings, in both permanent connection styles and with threaded interface to some ports for
connection to Flared, Flareless and Beamseal systems. These compatible fittings are generally made from Ti-6Al4V alloy for maximum strength and lowest weight and come ready marked and prepared for use with the relevant CryoFit couplings. They are fully qualified to the relevant industry or in-house specifications for use with
CryoFit couplings.
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www.aerofit.com
Can CryoFit, Cryolive and CryoFlare be used for Battle Damage Repair?
Absolutely, CryoFit can often provide the quickest and most effective permanent repair to any damage, whether
in a military or civilian context. It has the crucial advantage over all other systems of requiring much less disassembly of surrounding components.
CryOlive and CryoFlare are even simpler to install and can be used to provide the mating interface for a temporary repair with a flexible hose.
Can they be installed while wearing NBC (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Warfare) Protective Equipment?
Yes, the simplicity of the installation process means that CryoFit, CryoFlare and CryOlive are ideal for installations where vision and manual dexterity are impaired. As an added benefit the standard NATO issue inner and
outer glove combination can also be used for short periods with Liquid Nitrogen without any additional protection.
Are CryoFit and CryOlive joints electrically conductive? Do they meet requirements for Lightning Strike?
Yes, Tinel has a resistivity of 100 x 10-6 ohm-cm. The resistance of assembled CryoFit joints is only very slightly
higher than for tube of an equivalent material, size and length. Both CryoFit and the separable CryOlive/Lightweight Union joint easily meet the requirements of BAC5117.
QA Summary
• A coupling which has warmed up cannot be re-expanded by re-immersion in liquid nitrogen.
• It is impossible to install a coupling on to a tube assembly unless it is in the expanded (as-delivered)
condition.
• This characteristic acts as fail-safe: a coupling which has not been expanded, or which has been allowed to
warm prematurely, cannot be installed.
• The characteristics of shape-memory-alloy are such that a correctly installed coupling will not leak.
• Only a visual inspection of the position of the coupling with respect to the installation witness marks is
required.
• Additional examination by radiography or endoscope provides no additional information and is of no
value.
83
www.aerofit.com
Aerofit, Inc.
APT Laboratory
1425 South Acacia Avenue
Fullerton, California,92831 USA
www.aerofit.com
www.aptlab.com

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Fluid Fitting System

Transcription

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