CORBA Control Systems Request for Information

Transcription

OMG Control Systems Working Group
CORBA Control Systems
Request for Information
Abstract
This Request for Information (RFI) solicits information about requirements,
technologies, and software products in the area of software interface elements for
implementation of networked closed loop control systems based on CORBA
technology.
Release 0.1
OMG Number realtime/2003-10-01
September 19, 2003
CSWG / CORBA Control Systems RFI 0.1 / realtime/2003-10-01
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Release Sheet (1)
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Contributors
Ricardo Sanz, UPM, Spain
Karl-Erik Årzén, LTH, Sweden
Anton Cervin, LTH, Sweden
Johan Eker, LTH, Sweden
Santos Galán, UPM, Spain
Dan Henriksson, LTH, Sweden
Manuel Rodríguez, UPM, Spain
Carlos García, Spain
Rafael Chinchilla, Spain
Send Comments to
Ricardo Sanz
[email protected]
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
José Gutierrez Abascal 2
28006 Madrid
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Table of Contents
1
INTRODUCTION TO THE RFI................................................................................7
1.1
2
Status .................................................................................................. 7
RFI DETAILS .........................................................................................................8
2.1
2.2
2.3
Context and Scope .............................................................................. 8
Objectives of the RFI ........................................................................... 8
Information Being Requested............................................................... 8
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.4
2.5
Existing Implementations............................................................................9
Standards ..................................................................................................9
Requirements.............................................................................................9
Other Information .......................................................................................9
Topics of interest might include but are not limited to: .................................9
Who May Respond to this RFI ........................................................... 10
Instructions for Responding to this RFI .............................................. 10
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.6
2.7
Format of RFI Responses ........................................................................11
How to Submit..........................................................................................11
Reimbursements................................................................................ 12
Response Review Process and Schedule.......................................... 12
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
3
OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................14
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
4
Process....................................................................................................12
Clarification of Responses........................................................................12
Schedule..................................................................................................13
Objectives.......................................................................................... 14
The role of object technology ............................................................. 16
Scope ................................................................................................ 16
Control engineering processes .......................................................... 17
Complex Software for Control ............................................................ 18
Complex control systems................................................................... 19
Document Outline .............................................................................. 21
DISTRIBUTED OBJECTS AND CORBA..............................................................22
4.1
4.2
4.3
Distributed Object Computing ............................................................ 22
Integration.......................................................................................... 23
CORBA.............................................................................................. 24
4.4
...............................................................25
....................................................................28
...................................................................29
CORBA for Real-time and Embedded Systems ................................. 29
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4.5
4.6
......................................................................................30
................................................................................32
.....................................................................................32
Bridging Domains .............................................................................. 33
State and Future of the Technology ................................................... 33
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4.7
4.8
5
What should Hard Real-time CORBA be?.......................................... 34
Competing Technologies ................................................................... 36
COMPONENTS IN CONTROL SYSTEMS............................................................39
5.1
5.2
5.3
Introduction........................................................................................ 39
Industrial Control Systems ................................................................. 39
General characteristics of control systems......................................... 42
Common functions in industrial control systems................................. 46
.........................................................................................46
......................................................................................................47
.....................................................................................................47
.........................................................................................48
..............................................................48
.....................................................................................................48
5.5
Elements of control systems .............................................................. 49
5.6
.....................................................................................................49
..................................................................................................49
................................................................................................49
..........................................................................50
.........................................................................................50
The Control System Landscape......................................................... 51
..............................................................................52
...........................................................................................54
SOME APPLICATION EXAMPLES......................................................................55
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
7
5.4
6
............................................................................................42
..........................................................................................43
.................................................................................................43
...........................................................................................43
..............................................................................44
Networked Control Loop .................................................................... 55
Distributed Supervisory Control Loops............................................... 55
CORBA-based MMS.......................................................................... 56
Componentization of I/O and Communication .................................... 56
Factory Integration Frameworks......................................................... 57
CORBA-enabled PLC ........................................................................ 57
Component-oriented reference architectures ..................................... 58
Control Block Components ................................................................ 58
Robot Tele-operation ......................................................................... 58
Risk Management.............................................................................. 59
Real-time Video for Tele-operation .................................................... 60
Strategic operation of Cement Plants................................................. 61
Substation Automation....................................................................... 62
CORBA IN THE CONTROL LOOP.......................................................................64
7.1
7.2
7.3
CORBA Controllers............................................................................ 64
Timing Constraints............................................................................. 66
Loop Timing....................................................................................... 67
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7.4
Delays in Control Design.................................................................... 68
7.5
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Analysis using Jitterbug ..................................................................... 73
..................................................................73
7.6
TrueTime ........................................................................................... 76
7.7
.................................................................................71
.....................................................73
......................................................77
TrueTime Simulation of CORBA Control Loops ................................. 83
8
SUMMARY...........................................................................................................84
9
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................86
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1 Introduction to the RFI
1.1
Purpose
This Request for Information (RFI) solicits information about requirements,
technologies, and software products in the area of software interface elements for
implementation of networked closed loop control systems based on CORBA
technology.
The Object Management Group (OMG) and, specifically, the Control Systems
Working Group (CSWG) and the Real-time, Embedded and Specialized Systems
Platform Task Force (RTESS PTF), will use this information to begin the
technology adoption process which will define an OMG-standardized
architecture and set of interfaces which will address safety assurance of Common
Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)-based software components for
distributed control applications.
For additional information about OMG and CORBA, see reference material at the
end of this document.
The OMG encourages users, consultants, software development methodologists,
and developers of software to become involved with this process by responding
to this RFI. OMG non-members and members may submit responses.
The Control Systems Working Group (CSWG) and the Real-time Embedded and
Specialized Systems Platform Task Force (RTESS PTF) expect to use responses to
this RFI to define one or more RFPs leading to OMG-adopted specifications in
the area of software components for distributed control applications. The OMG
Technology Adoption Process is run according to the procedures laid down in
the OMG Policies and Procedures.
1.2
Status
This RFI is in draft status. It has to be discussed and presented in the OMG
technical meeting.
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2 RFI Details
2.1
Context and Scope
Applications for CORBA-based distributed control include manufacturing,
continuous processes, domotics, transportation, utilities, and defense related
systems.
2.2
Objectives of the RFI
This RFI seeks information to help the Control Systems Working Group make
useful and efficient decisions in software components of control systems
technology adoption process.
OMG standardizes interfaces, so information with some bearing on interfaces is
desired. The interfaces can be active at the time of analysis and/or design of the
behavior of the software, at compile time (including compilation with IDL
compiler) and/or at run (execution) time.
OMG would like responders to provide information about available technology
to facilitate framing of Requests for Proposal (RFPs), and to provide a set of
topics to discuss, for example domain specific infrastructure, platform
extensions, IDL extensions, and/or Object Request Broker (ORB) services.
2.3
Information Being Requested
This RFI is seeking information in the categories described below. Respondents
are asked to address areas in which they have expertise and/or interest. Please
consider the objectives of this RFI when responding so time is spent on issues
that will be helpful to reviewers. Respondents may consider areas not explicitly
asked for if they feel the information provides useful guidance. In addition,
OMG is requesting descriptions of trends of which the Control Systems Working
Group (CSWG) and the Realtime, Embedded and Specialized Systems Platform
Task Force (RTESS PTF) should be aware as OMG prepares for the technology
adoption process.
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2.3.1 Existing Implementations
OMG requests information on availability, maturity, and importance of any
existing models, products, methodologies, etc. which support the closed loop
control concept.
2.3.2 Standards
OMG requests information on relevant standards, both de facto and de jure.
Where multiple standards exist, respondents are asked to compare significant
differences among them. It is also important to identify problems with current
standards that prevent their acceptance or cause problems in their
implementation.
2.3.3 Requirements
OMG requests information on user requirements on control systems performance
and software-based control technologies.
2.3.4 Other Information
OMG requests that respondents furnish any other information they think may be
relevant.
2.3.5 Topics of interest might include but are not limited to1:
1. Executables
1.1. Architecture
1.1.1. Software architectureç
1.1.2. Control architecture
1.2. Infrastructure
1.2.1. Operating System
1.2.2. Middleware (e.g., ORBs, or Messaging Infrastructure)
1.2.3. Services
1.2.4. Containers, Components
1.3. Applications
1.3.1. Control
1.3.2. Monitorisation
1.3.3. Supervision
1.3.4. Visualisation
1.3.5. Storage systems
1.3.6. Sensors and actuators
1.3.7. Simulation
1.3.8. Interoperation
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2. Processes and methodologies that can be related to OMG specifications
(technologies)
2.1.1. Process steps
2.1.2. Documentation and other artifacts
3. Design and Verification Techniques
3.1. Core design
3.2. Temporal verification
3.3. Composability
4. Tool Support
4.1. Code Generation
4.2. Design rule checking
4.3. Scheduling Support
4.4. Language Profiles
4.5. Support for Certifiability
5. Human Factors Aspects
5.1. Work flow for operators
5.2. System ensuring pre and post conditions
6. Related standards and reference documents
2.4
Who May Respond to this RFI
Any person or company may respond to this RFI, including both OMG members
and non-members. OMG especially encourages industry, civil and military
aviation organizations, users, consultants, software development methodologists,
and developers of software to respond to this RFI. However, only Contributing
Members of the OMG will be eligible to respond to any follow-on RFPs issued as
a result of this RFI. Any company may join OMG at the contributing member
level and respond; see the OMG website (http://www.omg.org) for membership
information.
2.5
Instructions for Responding to this RFI
Reponses are available to the public.
Organizations responding to this RFI shall designate a single contact within that
organization for receipt of all subsequent information regarding this RFI. The
name of this contact will be made available to all OMG members.
Responses to this RFI must be received at OMG no later than 6 November
2000(arbitrary) to meet the OMG Policies and Procedures requirement that all
responses to RFIs and RFPs be available at least three weeks prior to the meeting
where the responses will be considered. (See below for more details on receipt
dates and addresses). This Documentation submitted in response to this RFI
will be available to all OMG members. This reduces the risk that Technical
10 of 88
Committee and Task Force members will arrive at the meetings to review
proposals without having seen them and provides time for the OMG to send
papers to its members.
NOTE: According to the Policies and Procedures of the OMG Technical Committee,
proprietary and confidential material may not be included in any response to the OMG.
Responses become public documents of the OMG. If copyrighted, a statement waiving
that copyright for use by the OMG is required and a limited waiver of copyright that
allows OMG members to make up to fifty copies of the document for review purposes
only is required.
2.5.1 Format of RFI Responses
The RFI response can consist of pre-existing product documentation, but should
preferably be organized and presented in accordance with this RFI.
The following outline is offered to assist in the development of your response.
You should include:
•
•
•
A cover letter -- the cover letter should include a brief summary of your
response such as indicating which areas you are responding to and indicate if
supporting documentation is included in your response.
Your response to any or all of the areas of information requested by this RFI.
If required, a glossary which maps terminology used in your response to
OMG standard terminology. (See the Appendices to the OMA Guide and the
CORBA Specification for OMG's standard terminology.)
Although the OMG does not limit the size of responses, you are asked to
consider that the OMG will rely upon volunteer resources with limited time
availability to review these responses. In order to assure that your response
receives the attention it deserves, you are asked to consider limiting the size of
your response (not counting any supporting documentation) to approximately 25
pages. If you consider supporting documentation to be necessary, please indicate
which portions of the supporting documentation are relevant to this RFI.
2.5.2 How to Submit
OMG requests that submitted material be attached to an email cover letter and
sent to our process manager at [email protected]. The preferred formats are
ASCII text and Postscript. PDF, MS WORD RFT and Frame MIF may
additionally be used. In addition, one paper copy is required (as a backup).
Transportation Task Force plans to review submissions at the December 2000
meeting in and/or at the January 2001 meeting. Responses to this RFI (and other
communication regarding this RFI) should be addressed to:
OMG:
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Control Systems RFI
Object Management Group Inc.
Framingham Corporate Center
492 Old Connecticut Path
Framingham, MA 01701-4568
USA
Phone: +1-508-820 4300
Fax: +1-508-820 4303
Email: [email protected]
Email responses to this RFI must be received at OMG no later than 5:00 PM US
Eastern Time (22:00 GMT) XX April 2004 and the confirming paper copy must
arrive at OMG shortly thereafter. The outside of packages/envelopes containing
submissions or any other communication regarding this RFI should be clearly
marked “Control Systems RFI Response".
2.6
Reimbursements
The OMG will not reimburse submitters for any costs in conjunction with their
responses to this RFI.
2.7
Response Review Process and Schedule
2.7.1 Process
RFIs such as this one are issued with the intent to survey the industry to obtain
information that provides guidance which will be used in the preparation of
RFPs. The OMG membership, specifically the Realtime, Embedded and
Specialized Systems Platform Task Force (RTESS PTF), (expand the list) will
review responses to this RFI. Based on those responses, the PTF (expand the list)
will consider revision / extension of its domain architecture, a corresponding
roadmap, and one or more RFPs. In accordance with the OMG technology
adoption process, each issued RFP will ultimately result in the specification of a
portion of the architecture. See below for a brief description of the OMG
technology adoption process and consult the OMA Guide for a complete
description of the OMG's requirements, policies, and procedures for technology
submissions.
2.7.2 Clarification of Responses
To fully comprehend the information contained within a response to this RFI, the
reviewing group may seek further clarification of that response. This clarification
may be requested in the form of brief verbal communication by telephone;
written communication; electronic communication; or a presentation of the
response to a meeting of the CSWG or RTESS PTF.
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Therefore, the CSWG and the RTESS PTF request that submitters attend the
CSWG and/or RTESS PTF meetings, prepared to present their responses.
2.7.3 Schedule
The schedule for responding to this RFI is as follows. Please note that early
responses are encouraged.
PTF recommends issuing the RFI
RFI issued
RFI responses due
Nov 18, 2003
Nov 21, 2003
Mar 21, 2003
The tentative schedule for the RFI evaluation process and subsequent RFPs is:
Review of RFI responses
PTF recommends issuing the initial RFP
May 21, 2003
Sep 21, 2003
NOTE: This schedule is subject to change based on the number of RFI responses received
and the information acquired from the responses.
13 of 88
3 Overview of Technology
3.1
Objectives
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User Interface
MIS
Strategic Control
Optimization
Tactical Control
Plan execution
Operational Control
Reactivity
Advanced Control
Complex Loops
Conventional
Process
Control
Simple Loops
Sensors & Actuators
Continuous Process Plant
Figure 1: A classical layering of control entities in a complex continuous process control
system. Layer quantity and labeling is somewhat field-dependent, but layer roles can be
easily mapped from domain to domain.
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&!
More information about the Object Management Group can be found at their
website:
http://www.omg.org/
More information about the Control Systems Working Group can be found at
their website:
http://www.omg.org/realtime/working_groups/ControlSystems.html
88 of 88

CORBA Control Systems Request for Information

Transcription

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