Grandes Misiones de Exploración del Sistema Solar

Overview
1 – Magnetism is everywhere in the universe. Examples
2 – The adventure to measure the magnetic field in Space
3 – Space magnetic fields measurement. Desire versus Practical reasons
4 – Magnetic Cleanliness Concept
5 – Types of magnetic measurements
6 – The approach of miniaturized compact magnetometers
Magnetism is everywhere
The Magnetic Field of the Earth
Shields the planet protecting life on Earth
“Relatively close” magnetic fields
Field of the Sun
Planetary Fields
The Earth
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Other magnetic fields
If it were for magnetic fields to be measured
in Space…
every space mission should have
magnetometers on board
Magnetic Sensors for Space?
And beyond
Venus
Mercury
The Earth
Mars
Ceres
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto, Eris
Makemake, Haumea
Once we are there we cannot expect any help
Are there magnetic sensors capable to accomplish
the technical requirements with enough robustness?
The heritage of the military sensors
(Technology Readiness Level-TRL)
AEROSPACE
MILITARY
INDUSTRIAL
COMMERCIAL
What is the subject of Space Magnetometry about?
Magnetic Cleanliness…a headache
Every vehicle has a magnetic signature
NANOSAT-01
OPTOS
Magnetic Signature attenuates very fast with distance
~1/r3
14
1
3
1960
VOYAGER
PIONEER 10 / 11
MCP are difficult to implement and very expensive!
1980
Fecha (años)
2000
3 m de pértiga dedicada
BEPI
PLM - Limitado
COLOMBO
4 m de pértiga compartida
SOLAR ORBITER
PLM - Limitado
¿¿¿???
PLM - Estricto (Matsushima 2010)
(SELENE)
5 m de pértiga dedicada
PLM - Estricto
CLUSTER
1.5 m de pértiga compartida
ROSETTA
Limitado
PLM
1 m de pértiga dedicada
VENUS EXPRESS
KAGUYA
PLM - No incluido por diseño 12 m de pértiga dedicada
5 m de pértiga compartida
ULYSSES
PLM - Estricto
13 m de pértiga dedicada
PLM - Estricto
MÉTODO DUAL
4
5 m de pértiga dedicada
PLM - Estricto
MARINER
2
INICIO PLM
Escala de 0 a 5
Limpieza Magnética (u.a.)
Improvement of MCP
5
PLM desde
el inicio
PLM al Final!
Reduction of:
•Costs
•Mass
•Time of development
•Size of Payloads
0
2020
Types of missions
Types of Missions
M.D.Michelena -Adapted from publication in Spectrum N.6 2008
Flyby
ROSETTA
Flyby of ROSETTA
Despite Mars does not present a global magnetic field…
Medidas Magnéticas en Misiones a Marte
Types of Missions
Cursos de Verano UCM
El Escorial 14 de julio de 2009
[email protected]
MGS Trajectory
Orbit Injection
Aerobraking Phase of MGS
Medidas Magnéticas en Misiones a Marte
Types of Missions
Cursos de Verano UCM
El Escorial 14 de julio de 2009
[email protected]
Landers
Mars-3
Mars Pathfinder
Mars-6
Phoenix
Viking
… and the Spanish participation: MEIGA
Medidas Magnéticas en Misiones a Marte
Types of Missions
Cursos de Verano UCM
El Escorial 14 de julio de 2009
[email protected]
Rovers
Prop-M
(Mars 3)
Mars Pathfinder and
Curiosity
Viking
Viking
Viking 1 & 2
Pathfinder
Relative Capture cross section
B|B|
0.055 0.253 1.029
%
0.15
Material
0.7
Fe3O4 γ-Fe2O3
3.150 36.400
3
9
…..
Saturation
1 sol = 1 Martian day = 24.6 hours
550
100
α-Fe2O3
50 sols*
Magnetic Signature of Impact Craters
INTA approach to Space magnetometry
The use of COTS
GreatGrandes
Missions
for the
System
Exploration
Misiones
de Solar
Exploración
del Sistema
Solar
8000
ROSETTA
MRO & V.EXPRESS
4000
2000
DAWN
Mass
(kg)
Masa (kg)
6000
M.D.Michelena (2011)
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
Fecha(years)
(años)
Date
2000
2010
Grandes
dethe
Exploración
del Exploration
Sistema Solar
Great Misiones
Missions for
Solar System
4000
30
3000
25
2000
20
1000
15
10
M.D.Michelena (2011)
1960
1970
0
1980
Fecha(years)
(años)
Date
1990
2000
(kg)
década
media
(kg)
decade
perpor
Average
MassMasa
de exploración
deofmisiones
Número
missions
exploration
Number
35
Great
MAGNETIC Missions for the Solar System
Grandes Misiones de Exploración Magnética
Exploration
included)
del Sistema
Solar(Earth
(incluída
la Tierra)
1200
16
1000
12
Corrigiendo
ROSETTA
CASSINI-HUYGENS
8
800
600
4
0
M.D.Michelena (2011)
1960
1970
1980
400
1990
Fecha(years)
(años)
Date
2000
2010
(kg)
década(kg)
por
media
decade
per
Average
MassMasa
missions
exploration
Number
de exploración
misiones
deof
Número
20
A “new approach” to space
High integration level. Compact devices
Low Mass and Volume
Low Power
High Functionality
Fully autonomous devices
DIMENSIONS
Time (years)
Future
HIGHER
PERFORMANCE
TRADE OFF
Present
50´s
Power (mW)
High Resolution Sensors (pT/√Hz)
Spin
Resonance
Cost of the systems ($)
Adapted from “GMR and SDT Sensors and Arrays for Low-Field Magnetic Applications” Carl H. Smith & Robert W. Schneider
Temperature, Vacuum…
Radiation…
Helmholtz Coils
System
Board and Sensor
Zero Field
Chamber Lid
Sen
so
r co
nne
ctio
ns 34401A (GPIB)
NI-6009(USB)
Fluxgate
HPE3620A
Oscilloscope
IB)
(GP
00B
N67
Zero Field
Chamber
Laptop
Compact autonomous miniaturized sensors
BESIDES
• Circuits Technologies: PCB, welding…
• Glues & foams (structurale, optic…)
• Identification of components (no ITAR):
• COTS (Commercial-Of-The-Shelf)
• PEM (Plastic Encapsulated
Microcircuit)
• Tecnologies “magnetically clean”
• “Spectral integrated” Tecnologies
MOURA Evolution… Making Progress
2011 MMPM-FM
2010 MMPM-EQM
2012 Mixed ASIC
~10 g!
72 g
45 g
Due to next month!
INTA´s strategy of COTS-based magnetic payloads
INTA
Strategy
From…
ROSETTA
To…
SPICA
Small Platforms
Exomars 2018
Solar System Exploration
Susceptometers / Gradiometers
Instruments for the future
Per aspera ad astra
Thank you!