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LIB100256
DPR 523 Form for Harold and Genevieve Law Residence
3306 17 Mile Drive, Pebble Beach
(APN 008-423-002)
State of California – The Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
Primary # _____________________________________
HRI # ________________________________________
PRIMARY RECORD
Trinomial _____________________________________
NRHP Status Code
6Z
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________
Review Code __________ Reviewer ____________________________ Date ___________
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28
P1. Other Identifier:
*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder)
Law Residence, Pebble Beach
Beirne Residence, Pebble Beach
*P2. Location:
Not for Publication ⌧ Unrestricted
and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.)
Monterey
3306 17 Mile Drive
*a. County
Monterey
1983 T16S; R 1W; El Pescadero Grant MD B.M.
Pebble Beach Zip 93953
(give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone _____;
______________mE/ _____________mN
*b. USGS 7.5’ Quad
c. Address
Date
City
d. UTM:
e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate)
Assessor’s Parcel Number 008-423-002
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries)
Originally built in 1924 and greatly expanded in 1928, the Harold and Genevieve Law house was designed in
Spanish Eclectic style and is sited overlooking the first fairway on Pebble Beach Golf Links. Along with examples
of the Mediterranean style, Spanish Eclectic buildings were the most common types constructed on the Monterey
Peninsula during the 1920s and 1930s. This house has been expanded on numerous occasions throughout the
years so that now it has a sprawling, irregular plan that reflects several generations of construction. When viewed
from 17 Mile Drive and Fairway One, the majority of the visible facades date to the modern period, as depicted on
the Site Plan at the end of this report. The former residence presently serves as an administrative center for its
current owner, the Pebble Beach Company. See Continuation Sheet.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2
*P4. Resources Present: ⌧ Building
Structure
Object
(single family property; HP6 (commercial building)
Site
District
P5a. Photo of Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.)
Element of District
Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date,
Overview of residence,
facing north from the first fairway of
the Pebble Beach Golf Links
accession #)
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
⌧ Historic
Prehistoric
Both
1924-28 (Real Property Records,
Pebble Beach Company Archives;
Carmel Pine Cone)
*P7. Owner and Address:
Pebble Beach Company
P. O. Box 1767
Pebble Beach, CA 93953
*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, address)
Stephen R. Wee and Bryan Larson,
JRP Historical Consulting, LLC
2850 Spafford Street, Davis, CA
95618
*P9. Date Recorded: May 17, 2010
*P10. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive
JRP Historical Consulting, LLC, “Law Residence and
Fairway One House Update: Historic Property Evaluation (Letter Report to Pebble Beach Company),” June 2010.
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter “none.”)
*Attachments: NONE ⌧ Location Map ⌧ Sketch Map ⌧ Continuation Sheet ⌧ Building, Structure, and Object Record
Archaeological Record
District Record
Linear Feature Record
Milling Station Record
Rock Art Record
Artifact Record
Photograph Record
Other (list) __________________
DPR 523A (1/95)
*Required Information
Primary # _____________________________________
HRI # ________________________________________
BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
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*NRHP Status Code
6Z
Harold and Genevieve Law Residence
Beirne Residence
B3. Original Use: Single-family residence B4. Present Use: Administrative offices
*B5. Architectural Style: Spanish Eclectic
*B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alteration, and date of alterations) 1924 (original construction); 1926 (garage
addition); 1928 (major expansion); additions in 1972 (detached garage), 1976 (study and pool), 1980 (dining hall),
1984 (closet and bath), 1989 (hallway), and 1990 (reception room).
B1. Historic Name:
B2. Common Name:
*B7. Moved?
⌧ No
Yes
*B8. Related Features:
B9. Architect:
Unknown
Date: __________________
Original Location: ___________________
none
Unknown
*B10. Significance: Theme
b. Builder:
n/a
Area
Unknown
n/a
Period of Significance
n/a
Property Type
n/a
Applicable Criteria
n/a
(Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
Originally a residence for Harold and Genevieve Law, the Spanish style residence at 3306 17 Mile Drive was built
in 1924 and expanded in 1928. It is one of more than a hundred properties built within the Del Monte Properties
development at Pebble Beach during the 1920s. This property does not meet local, state, or national significance
criteria of eligibility for the Monterey County Register of Historic Resources, California Register of Historical
Resources, or National Register of Historic Places. This review included a site inspection of the property, as well
as review of property records of the Del Monte Company and its successor, Pebble Beach Company, Monterey
County Assessor records, building permit records, city and county directories, local history collections, aerial
photographs, and newspaper and journal articles. Review of this information did not reveal important associations
with historic patterns or trends of development, historically important individuals, significant architectural
attributes, or the potential to provide important information about history (Criteria A, B, C, and D of the National
Register, Criteria 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the California Register, and Monterey County Criteria A, B, and C). See
Continuation Sheet.
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)
B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)
*B12. References:
See footnotes.
See Continuation Sheet.
B13. Remarks:
*B14. Evaluator:
Stephen R. Wee, Bryan Larson
*Date of Evaluation:
June 2010
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523B (1/95)
Primary # _____________________________________
HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
Trinomial
Page 3 of
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*Recorded by
*Resource Name or # Assigned by recorder)
Stephen Wee, Bryan Larson
*Date
May 2010 ⌧
____________________________________________
Continuation
Update
P3a. Description (continued):
The residence at 3306 17 Mile Drive has a rambling irregular plan and an asymmetrical façade. After its initial
construction in 1924, followed by a major expansion in 1928, the residence had a more or less U-shaped plan and
enclosed an area of about 4,000 square feet. A garage added to the east end of the residence in 1926 has since
been converted to living space (it is shown as both a guest house and caretaker’s cottage on recent site plans). The
residence has been expanded on at least five occasions between the 1970s and early 1990s; these additions have
nearly doubled the square footage of the 1920s building, bringing the total living area to almost 7,800 square feet.
All elements are of wood frame construction and rest on concrete foundations. The additions have been designed
and executed in the Spanish style, with roofs clad with red clay half-curved Spanish tiles and walls coated with
thickly troweled stucco applied in half-moon strokes. However, variations in materials and design elements have
imparted a somewhat disjointed quality; the additions mimic but do not completely sympathize with the Spanish
elements of the original building. Reflecting the residence’s rambling footprint, the roof form consists of a
complicated series of flat roofs with low parapets (these sections demarcate the original 1924 building), multiplelevel front and side gables, and shed roof elements. The windows and doors consist of a variety of styles,
materials, and configurations, including those in the original building, many of which have been replaced
throughout the years.
The original 1924-1928 house was basically U-shaped and built around three sides of a long courtyard
(Photograph 2). Each of the three sides of the former residence enclosed a separate functional area. The base of
the “U,” located at the north end of the building (facing 17 Mile Drive), enclosed the living room with main entry
vestibule at the northeast corner. The bedroom wing was contained within the eastern arm of the “U” which
extends southward toward the first fairway of the Pebble Beach Golf Links. The west wing runs parallel to the
bedroom wing and remains a service area, containing a kitchen and former dining room, now used as an office.
An additional bedroom is located in a projection that extends eastward from the north end of the main service
wing; this and the kitchen/dining room appear to comprise the original 1924 construction (see Photograph 25).
The south ends of both wings step down into rectangular plan loggias.
The former courtyard now consists of a large tiled patio surrounding a rectangular swimming pool, both installed
in 1976.1 Two six-foot high stuccoed concrete walls, installed in 1928, enclose the south end of the former
courtyard. Two arched window openings have been infilled and the recessed surfaces facing the pool have been
adorned with decorative glazed tiles; beneath these are brick and tiled planter boxes. At the center of the wall is a
taller and thicker gable-peaked wall whose “roof” is capped with a narrow line of tile; set within this wall is an
arched entryway with a double swinging wrought iron gate (Photograph 3). Beyond the gate is a semi-circular
half-wall that partially encloses a brick landing with steps on each side. On the exterior of this wall in bas relief is
a whimsical depiction of a man’s face composed of several shapes and symbols. Embossed below this is the
motto “FUIMUS,” which in Latin literally translates to “We Have Been.” The steps descend to a lawn area that
gives way to the golf course (see Photograph 1). The gate, steps, and semi-circular wall are not original to the
1920s residence.2
1
Del Monte Properties Company, Approval of Buildings Plans, application for swimming pool, May 20, 1976, Real Property File for
Property #639 (Pebble Beach Lot 2, Block 136B), Pebble Beach Company Archives.
2
Building files held by the Pebble Beach Company Archives do not indicate when these elements were built, but they were certainly not
original. They do not appear on the 1928 set of building plans, nor in a 1945 aerial photograph that includes a view of the residence.
DPR 523L (1/95)
Primary # _____________________________________
HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
Trinomial
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*Recorded by
*Date
May 2010 ⌧
____________________________________________
Continuation
Update
The living room element, shown in Photographs 2 and 4, has a steeply-pitched side gable roof with flush eaves
and a chimney on the north side that pierces the roofline near the roof/wall junction. The chimney is narrow and
tall, coated in stucco, and topped with an arched hood. Two major additions have substantially impacted the north
side of the living room wing. In 1976, a study and loft with a steep shed roof and exterior balcony at the rear
(south side) was added to the northwest corner (Photograph 5).3 The 1990 addition of a 1,022 square-foot side
gable reception room with turret partially enclosed and substantially modified the north and east sides of the living
room (Photographs 6 and 7).4 The entire original east wall, main entry vestibule on the northeast corner, and
secondary entrance on the north wall are now inside the building. The main entrance is now through the west side
of the reception room addition; the point of entrance to the living room is to the right of the chimney through a
sliding glass door that has replaced the original paneled wood door. Additionally, on the south side of the living
room, the door that originally opened to the courtyard (now pool and patio) has been removed and replaced with a
multiple-pane vinyl sash window, as have the two large flanking windows.
The bedroom wing has a steeply-pitched gable roof with very narrow eaves and a chimney with arched hood at
the southern gable end (Photograph 8). The three bedrooms are located along the east side of a narrow interior
hallway that runs along the pool patio. Access to the patio is through an apparently original wood frame French
door that opens to a stepped landing surfaced with red brick and stucco and surrounded by a wrought iron
handrail. Also along the inside of the wing are a single pane window and a large multiple-light window with
operable casements surrounded by fixed panes. Both are recessed, wood frame, and probably original. The
multiple-light fixed/casement window type is repeated on the outside (west side) of the wing, lighting the two
southernmost bedrooms; single and double sets of three-light casements light the northernmost bedroom and
bathrooms. The north bedroom projects slightly beyond the principal wall plane and has a cross-gable roof with
three tiled weep holes just below the roofline. These drain into a concrete trough, along which is a brick-lined
concrete footpath leading to the golf course (Photograph 9). Just north of and adjacent to the bedroom projection
is a shed roof entry foyer with glazed double doors and aluminum awning, and a large anodized aluminum bay
window, both added in 1990 as part of the reception room expansion described above (Photograph 10).
Capping the southern end of the bedroom wing are two separate elements: a loggia, built at the same time as the
bedroom wing and located on the patio side; and a bathroom and storage area addition, built on the southeast
corner in 1984.5 The loggia has a shed tile roof that is stepped down from the bedroom wing roof (Photograph
11). The loggia roof was originally gabled, but the 1984 addition replaced the western half with a flat-roofed
extension (Photograph 12). Three large arched openings dominate the western façade of the loggia, with the
center arch containing a door that leads into what is now an office, but was once a sitting area around a fireplace at
the northeast corner. The arches were originally open, but have since been enclosed with wood frame dividedlight window and door sets mounted to the inside wall (Photograph 13). According to original building plans,
Building plans for addition to H.W. Law house [architect unattributed], dated March 7, 1928, approved by Wm. Raiguel; Fairchild Aerial
Surveys, aerial view of Pebble Beach, 1945, on file at Pebble Beach Company Archives.
3
“Plans for the Addition to and Remodeling of the Residence of G.A. and C.G. Bierne,” undated building plans; Del Monte Properties
Company, Approval of Building Plans, application for construction/addition, June 10, 1974, Real Property File for Property #639, Pebble
Beach Company Archives; Monterey County Assessor’s Office, Real Property Appraisal Records for Parcel 008-423-002.
4
Kent Knoll, Architect, “Residence Addition for Clint and Gilbert Bierne,” building plans dated March 22, 1989, on file at Pebble Beach
Company Archives; Del Monte Forest Architectural Review Board, Application for Approval of Plans for Construction in Del Monte
Forest, application for new entry and living room for Drs. Gilbert and Clinton Beirne, Real Property File for Property #639, Pebble
Beach Company Archives.
5
Untitled building plans for closet and bath addition, stamped approved August 24, 1984, on file at Pebble Beach Company Archives.
DPR 523L (1/95)
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HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
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*Recorded by
*Date
May 2010 ⌧
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Continuation
Update
the southern end of the loggia had a large multiple-light window like those found along the bedroom wing; this
window has been replaced and now consists of a door and window set similar to the ones at the arched openings.6
The door opens to a raised patio with a stuccoed half-wall that was built at the same time as the flat roof addition,
as shown in Photograph 12).
On the west side of the former courtyard, opposite the bedroom wing, is the slightly narrower “service wing” that
contains the kitchen and former dining room. The kitchen and dining room, located on the outside (west side) of
the interior hallway on the patio side, appear to be part of the original 1924 residence and have a flat roof with a
low parapet (see Site Plan). The kitchen overlooks a small, brick-surfaced courtyard and has a chimney flanked
by two fixed single pane windows and a double casement window, all wood frame (Photograph 14). The narrow,
rectangular chimney is stuccoed and stands about two stories tall. On the north end of the kitchen, the flat roof
extends west to cover a bedroom wing, also built in 1924. The north wall of the bedroom wing is now an interior
wall, having been enclosed within an addition completed in 1989.7 The south elevation overlooks the brick
courtyard and has two single ten-light glazed frame doors that open to an elevated wood patio surfaced with tile
(Photograph 15). Also on this elevation is an exterior stuccoed chimney, similar to but shorter than the kitchen
chimney, and two replacement anodized aluminum windows. The west side of the courtyard is enclosed by a wall
with a gated arched opening, and the south side is framed by a dining hall addition, both of which were built in
1980 (Photograph 16).8 The 880 square-foot dining hall addition has a side gable roof, prominent banks of
multiple light sash, and a large deck on the south side, facing the golf course. The hall extends westward from the
original dining room, of which the only visible exterior architectural detail is an arched Palladian-style door on the
south wall (Photograph 17).
The inside of the portion of the long service wing, adjacent to the pool patio, was built as part of the residential
expansion of 1928 (Photograph 18). It encloses a hallway that connects and provides interior access to the
kitchen and original dining room. The wing has a shed roof that at the southern end breaks and slopes down to the
loggia. A slight extension of the principal roof shelters a doorway and landing on the north end of the wing that
mirrors a similar entrance on the bedroom wing. Other fenestration includes a descending band of three fixed
windows along the staircase to the loggia, and two arched windows with stained glass glazing and thickly molded
surrounds above a semi-circular, oriel-like sill.
The loggia at the end of the wing has a simple rectangular plan and a gable roof with wire glass panels on a frame
of squared wood rafters. This roof has replaced the original tile roof. The south and west walls are dominated by
banks of multiple-light windows with fixed frames surrounding operable members. The east wall has three arched
openings similar to those on the bedroom wing loggia, but the glazed frame doorway infills are mounted within,
rather than behind, the arches. The loggia encloses a garden room with a tile floor and tiled and stucco planter
boxes along the perimeter (Photographs 19 and 20).
6
Building plans for addition to H.W. Law house, dated March 7, 1928.
Kent Knoll, Architect, “Addition for Clint & Gilbert Beirne,” building plans, stamped approved September 30, 1987, on file at Pebble
Beach Company Archives.
8
F. Grupe, Architect, “Room Addition for Dr. Gil Beirne,” undated building plans; Pebble Beach Corporation, Approval of Buildings
Plans, application for construction/addition for Dr. Gilbert Beirne, Real Property File for Property #639, Pebble Beach Company
Archives.
7
DPR 523L (1/95)
Primary # _____________________________________
HRI # ________________________________________
CONTINUATION SHEET
Trinomial
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*Recorded by
*Date
May 2010 ⌧
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Continuation
Update
The only other element of the residence that dates to the initial construction period is the converted garage that
was built in 1926 to adjoin the west end of the original (1924) residence.9 The garage was converted into a guest
house in 1976.10 The building has a more or less square plan and is topped with a side gable roof with a front
gable projection on the east end of the south elevation. The principal roof on this side has exposed rafter tails and
extends to shelter an inset brick porch. A stuccoed wall with an arched opening caps the gated entry on the west
end of the porch, and two squared posts support its roof. Wall openings on the south elevation includes a wood
paneled door (the main entrance), a set of three tall picture windows, and an anodized aluminum frame window on
the projecting gable end. Windows on the north and west walls are double sets of wood frame three-light
casements. Stuccoed concrete chimneys with arched hoods are located at the east and west ends of the building
(Photographs 21 and 22).
There are two outbuildings on the property: a small, modern utility shed at the northwest corner of the parcel
(Photograph 23); and a 1,100 square-foot detached garage, built in 1972 and located a short distance southwest
of the converted garage/guest house.11 The garage is built on a concrete block perimeter foundation and has a
simple rectangular plan and front gable roof. There is a tilt-up door on the north side. The south and east sides
are set with multiple-light wood and aluminum frame windows (Photograph 24).
B10. Significance (continued):
Historic Context
The village at Pebble Beach took form after 1915 as part of Samuel F. B. Morse’s conception for a grand real
estate development on the Monterey Peninsula that would attract wealthy and upper middle class residents to a
master planned resort community providing a variety of sporting opportunities, including as a centerpiece a series
of world class championship golf courses located along the coastal shoreline. The famous golf courses that now
occupy the waterfront between Pacific Grove and Carmel were built by a private company, Del Monte Properties,
Inc., to promote other company assets, most notably lots for residential developments. The house at 3306 17 Mile
Drive, built in 1924 as the summer and vacation home of San Francisco residents Harold Ward and Genevieve
Law, was one of about sixty residences erected in the vicinity of Pebble Beach Golf Links by November of that
year as a result of the Del Monte building program at Pebble Beach. According to a Del Monte Properties
pamphlet published in 1928, the residences constructed at Pebble Beach ranged from “beautiful year-round or
vacation time residences and estates” to “many less pretentious but equally attractive homes.” While the company
invited “discriminating people” to come and view available building sites in “America’s most desirable residence
district,” it also appealed to people “within average moderate means” to come and build their “ideal California
home” on desirable and affordable lots at Pebble Beach.12
9
Undated building plans for garage for H.W. Law house [architect unattributed]; Real Property File for Property #639, Pebble Beach
Company Archives.
10
“Plans for the Addition to and Remodeling of the Residence of G.A. and C.G. Bierne,” undated building plans on file at Pebble Beach
Company Archives; Monterey County Assessor’s Office, Real Property Appraisal Records for Parcel 008-423-002.
11
E. Rees, Draftsman, “Residence of G.A. and C.G. Beirne, Proposed Carport – U.B. Stand,” building plans approved October 18, 1972,
on file at Pebble Beach Company Archives.
12
Del Monte Properties Company, Map of Pebble Beach, California (November 1924) and Del Monte Properties Company, Map of
Pebble Beach, California (January 1928). Pebble Beach Company Archives. See also: “Pebble Beach Houses” and “The Riveria
Revisited,” Architect & Engineer (February 1925).
DPR 523L (1/95)
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CONTINUATION SHEET
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*Recorded by
*Date
May 2010 ⌧
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Continuation
Update
The marketing of residential real estate on the southern Monterey Peninsula was not an instant success and has
roots going back into the nineteenth century. The Big Four (Crocker, Huntington, Stanford and Hopkins) of the
Central Pacific Railroad began purchasing land on the peninsula shortly after routing their tracks to Monterey
Harbor. Crocker built the Hotel Del Monte in 1880 to attract the wealthy leisure class to the peninsula for
recreational opportunities such as horseback riding, bowling, billiards, horse racing, and polo. As early as 1895 a
golf course was built near the hotel and two years later a nine-hole course was laid out south of the hotel called the
Del Monte Golf Course. The course proved popular and was expanded to 18 holes in 1903. While the railroad
company developed Del Monte, the Carmel Development Company was improving Carmel Village to the south.
The railroad company had leased several thousand acres of land on the peninsula between these two developments
at an early date with the intent to purchase the land, but their acquisition was delayed by court challenges.13
In 1904 land title issues related to the El Pescadero land grant, owned by the Pacific Improvement Company, the
real estate holding company of the Southern Pacific Railroad, were finally resolved in court. The settlement of
this suit sparked planning by Pacific Improvement Company for its development. The fashionable colony at
Pebble Beach was the first residential community planned within Del Monte Forest Preserve. Lots were placed on
sale at Pebble Beach in July 1909 and one month later the first rustic log lodge at Pebble Beach opened. Work
began on a nine-hole golf course as early as 1910, but three years later the course had still not opened. The Pebble
Beach land sale program failed as only a handful of residential lots were sold. Pacific Improvement Company
decided to liquidate its holdings and gave the job to Samuel Finley Brown Morse.
Morse, who had been in charge of the railroad company’s land sales program in the Central Valley for one of its
subsidiaries, the Crocker-Huffman Land & Water Company, decided to revitalize the Del Monte Hotel and golf
course in order to attract higher prices for the peninsular real estate holdings of the company. Morse’s vision for
the southern shoreline included a resort community, an 18-hole championship golf course along the coast, and
scenic easements to preserve the natural beauty of the forest and coastline. Originally, the oceanfront at Pebble
Beach had been surveyed into 80-foot wide residential lots. Morse began buying back or trading coastal
residential lots to make room for the golf course that became known as the Pebble Beach Golf Links.
Development of the golf links was a top priority. The oceanfront golf course was key to Morse’s overall concept
of a waterfront greenbelt that would preserve open space and prevent obstruction of the view of the scenic
coastline for tourists and residents alike. In 1916 construction began and in March 1918 the christening
tournament was held. The course opened to the public in February 1919.
When Crocker refused to provide financial backing for Morse’s ambitious development plans for the southern
peninsula, Morse enlisted the aid of San Francisco capitalist Herbert Fleishhacker. Together, Morse and
Fleishhacker organized the Del Monte Properties Company. The new company shifted its attention away from the
Del Monte development in Monterey to the new Del Monte Lodge, Pebble Beach Golf Links, and the luxurious
residential developments at Pebble Beach and Del Monte Forest. Tennis, horse racing, and polo were added to the
sporting attractions of the resort and soon real estate sales soared, continuing strong until the early days of the
Great Depression when sales quickly shriveled.
13
The history of early developments of Pebble Beach and the surrounding southern Monterey Peninsula is presented in: Neal Hotelling,
Pebble Beach Golf Links: The Official History (Pebble Beach: Sleeping Bear Press, 1999), 16-58; Beverly Borgman, “The Late S. F. B.
Morse Left His Mark on the Monterey Peninsula,” Coastings (October 2, 1985), 56-57; Susan Bock, “The Duke of Del Monte: A Brief
History of the Forest and the Man Who Preserved Its Beauty,” Monterey Life (February 1988), 54-59.
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Continuation
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The second Del Monte Properties real estate promotion advanced on the southern peninsula was Monterey
Peninsula Country Club in the Moss Beach area. The club was established in 1925 and within 18 months some
700 acres were developed into a playground including various sports fields, two championship golf courses,
numerous tennis courts, a bathing pavilion, swimming pool, community riding stables and a clubhouse. Del
Monte Properties under the direction of S. F. B. Morse set aside an additional 700 acres in one-third acre
residential lots as part of a comprehensive plan to provide villas and home sites for club members. Located along
winding streets accenting the beauty of the natural landscape, many of the homes opened upon the fairways of the
two golf courses or on club grounds. Plans for all houses had to be approved by a board of architects with all
designs following a Mediterranean idiom – Spanish Colonial, French Provencale, and residences with Italian or
Moorish elements. In fact, these buildings became so pervasive that by the mid 1920s, the stretch from Del Monte
to Carmel became known as the “California Riviera.” Many of the buildings erected during the 1920s also
followed early Spanish California architectural precedents and were called in local and architectural publications
of the era as “Early California” or “Spanish California” style residences.14
The residence at 3306 17 Mile Drive was built at the Pebble Beach Golf Links in the late spring or early summer
of 1924, a time of rapid residential development in the Del Monte Forest. The house was built as a summer and
vacation home for Harold Ward Law and his wife, Genevieve, of San Francisco, California. The Laws began to
show interest in purchasing a Pebble Beach home or lot for development as early as March 1924, eventually
securing title to Lot 2H of Block 136-B from Del Monte Properties Company on May 12, 1924.15 The Laws soon
initiated construction of a new home on the 1.36-acre lot, which fronted on 17 Mile Drive and Fairway One of the
Pebble Beach Golf Links. It was completed by the end of the summer.16
In comparison to other homes built on the Del Monte property in the mid 1920s – and in comparison to the
sprawling mansion that the home eventually became – the original residence was quite modest. No architectural
plans for the 1924 residence have been located, but blueprints for subsequent construction projects indicate that
the “present house” was located directly between a garage addition built in 1926 and a major residential addition
built in 1928.17 The original building appears to have been L-shaped, with the inside of the ell facing the fairway,
14
Monterey Peninsula Daily Herald, May 8, 1924; “Pebble Beach Houses” and “The Riveria Revisited,” in Architect & Engineer,
(February 1925): 45-115; Irving F. Morrow, “Architecture Rests on the Land: A Review of Pebble Beach and Monterey Peninsula,”
California Arts & Architecture, January 1932. The architecture of Pebble Beach is also reviewed in the November 1921 issue of the
Architect & Engineer.
15
Letter from Manager, Pebble Beach Properties, to Harold W. Law, March 26, 1924; Pebble Beach Block Book to Block 136-B.
Pebble Beach Company Archives.
16
“Building at Pebble Beach,” Carmel Pine Cone, May 17, 1924; “House Parties Fill Fall Days at Del Monte,” Oakland Tribune,
September 28, 1924.
17
Buildings plans for garage for H.W. Law, 1926; Building plans for addition to H.W. Law house, dated March 7, 1928, on file at Pebble
Beach Company Archives. The architect (or architects) for the 1924-28 construction of the residence has not been identified. Articles in
Architect & Engineer that document home building in Pebble Beach during the 1924-25 period name the architects of larger or more
ostentatious homes, but none names the architect of the Law house (see: “New Homes at Pebble Beach,” June 1924: 119; “The Riviera
Revisited,” February 1925: 45-115). In a letter in the Pebble Beach Company Archives Real Estate File for the Law House (File #639),
Clarence Tantau, a prominent Bay Area architect and designer of many Pebble Beach homes during the 1920s wrote: “Some time ago I
made complete revised drawings for a house for Mr. Law at Pebble Beach but the house was not carried out according to my drawings
and consequently I received a great deal of criticism” (Clarence A. Tantau to Jack Beaumont, Del Monte Properties Company, January
28, 1926). Also, as mentioned above, plans for the 1924 residence do not exist or have not been located, and the 1926 and 1928 plans do
not attribute an architect, although the latter plans were annotated and approved by William Raiguel, the supervising architect for the Del
Monte Properties Company.
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*Recorded by
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and consisting of a bedroom, restroom, kitchen, and dining room. The additions of 1926 and 1928 dramatically
increased the size of the residence, as shown on the attached Site Plan (see also Photograph 25).
From 1924 until 1932, Harold and Genevieve Law used the Pebble Beach house as a weekend and vacation home
and occasional rental property, maintaining a permanent residence in San Francisco. During this time, Harold was
an executive of the Viavi Company, a pharmaceutical firm founded by his father, Dr. Hartland Law, and
Genevieve was a “bay region society matron.”18 By the early 1930s, Harold was experiencing financial
difficulties and placed the house on the market. On April 1, 1932, he sold the house to Ralph W. Herget, who two
weeks later sold the property to Thomas Scott (T.S.) Clingan.19
Like all of the owners throughout the historic period, Clingan apparently did not make the Pebble Beach house a
permanent residence during his professional lifetime, instead using it as a weekend, vacation, or rental property.
Clingan lived in San Mateo County and worked in San Francisco, where he was employed as a vice president of
the Bethlehem Steel Company.20 In January 1944, title of the property was transferred to Colonel George L.
Townsend and his wife Frances. At this time, Colonel Townsend was assigned the Signal Corps of the Western
Defense Command (U.S. Navy), headquartered at the Presidio in San Francisco.21 After the war, as Colonel
Townsend approached retirement age, it appears that he and his wife divided their time between the Pebble Beach
residence and a second home in Palm Desert, California. They owned the Pebble Beach property for nearly a
decade, selling it to W. Lawson and Dorothy Little in December 1953.22 Lawson Little had been a golfer of some
renown in the 1930s and 1940s, first earning acclaim for his victory at the 1929 Amateur Open at Pebble Beach.
He dominated more amateur tournaments in the 1930s, performing the unprecedented fete of winning both British
and American Amateur Championships in 1934 and 1935. He turned professional in 1936, won the U.S. Open in
1940, and won his last major tournament in 1948.23
Drs. Clinton and Gilbert Bierne, brothers who maintained a dermatology practice in San Francisco, acquired the
property from the Littles in April 1969, at which time the residence still more or less appeared as it did in the
1920s. Over the next two decades, however, the Biernes added five new additions, a detached garage, and a
swimming pool to the property. As shown in the attached Site Plan, the additions blocked or covered most
exterior walls of the 1920s residence, effectively doubling the square footage and eclipsing most views of the
original structure, especially on the principal (north and south) façades. During this period, the Beirnes frequently
used the property to entertain luminaries and alumni from Creighton University in Nebraska, where Gilbert and
Clinton had earned their medical degrees in 1945 and 1948, respectively. Clinton died in 1990 and left the bulk of
his estate to his brother and his alma mater. When Gilbert died in 2005, he bequeathed his $25 million estate,
including the Pebble Beach house, to the general university and medical school at Creighton. In 2007, the
university inaugurated the Criss-Beirne Endowed Chair in Nursing in their honor. In that same year, Creighton
18
Crocker-Langley San Francisco Directory, 1925 and 1930; Various letters and correspondence, 1929-1932, Real Estate File #639,
Pebble Beach Company Archives; “Mrs. H.W. Law Rites to be Held Monday,” Oakland Tribune, April 30, 1933; “Harold Law, S.F.
Exec, 79,” San Francisco Examiner, August 15, 1968.
19
Pebble Beach Block Book to Block 136-B, Pebble Beach Company Archives.
20
Index to Voter Registers, San Mateo County, 1934-1942; “Funeral Rites Pend for Thomas Clingan,” Oakland Tribune, July 29, 1947.
21
Pebble Beach Block Book to Block 136-B; Letter from George L. Townsend to Del Monte Properties Company, January 24, 1944.
Pebble Beach Company Archives.
22
Correspondence, Real Property File #639; Pebble Beach Block Book to Block 136-B. Pebble Beach Company Archives.
23
Neal Hotelling, Pebble Beach Golf Links: The Official History (Pebble Beach: Sleeping Bear Press, 1999); Member Biography,
Lawson Little, World Golf Hall of Fame Website, www.worldgolfhalloffame.org, accessed June 11, 2010.
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*Resource Name or # Assigned by recorder) Law Residence, Pebble Beach
*Recorded by Stephen Wee, Bryan Larson
*Date May 2010 ⌧ Continuation
Update
sold the residence to the Pebble Beach Company, which presently uses the building as administrative and
operations office.24
Evaluation
The eligibility criteria for designating historic properties under federal and state criteria are essentially the same.
Monterey County also has its own evaluation criteria. This section addresses the federal and state criteria, as well
as the local county criteria of significance. In summary, the Law Residence does not appear to meet any of the
criteria of these federal, state and local criteria. The building and its surrounding property have undergone major
changes in the recent past and the property does not retain sufficient integrity to convey its appearance to the
historic period. The significance criteria are addressed below.
The criteria for listing properties in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) are codified in 36 CFR 60
and expanded upon in numerous guidelines published by the National Park Service. Buildings, structures, objects,
sites, and districts listed in, eligible for listing in, or appear eligible for listing in the NRHP are considered historic
properties under the regulations for Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Eligibility for
listing buildings, structures, objects, sites, and districts (i.e., resources) in the NRHP rests on twin factors of
historic significance and integrity. A resource must have both significance and integrity to be considered eligible.
Loss of integrity, if sufficiently great, will overwhelm the historic significance a resource may possess and render
it ineligible. Likewise, a resource can have complete integrity, but if it lacks significance, it must also be
considered ineligible. Historic significance is judged by applying the NRHP criteria, identified as Criteria A
through D. The NRHP guidelines state that a historic resource’s “quality of significance in American history,
architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture” must be determined by meeting at least one of the four main
criteria. Properties may be significant at the local, state, or national level. The NRHP criteria are:
Criterion A:
Criterion B:
Criterion C:
Criterion D:
association with “events that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history;”
association with “the lives of persons significant in our past;”
resources “that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic
values;”
resources “that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important to
history or prehistory.”25
Integrity is determined through applying seven factors to the historic resource: location, design, setting,
workmanship, materials, feeling, and association. These seven can be roughly grouped into three types of
integrity considerations. Location and setting relate to the relationship between the property and its environment.
Design, materials, and workmanship, as they apply to historic buildings, relate to construction methods and
24
Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company, San Francisco Directory, 1970; Pebble Beach Company Real Estate Files; “Creighton
Announces Two Major Gifts,” Creighton University Magazine (Spring 2006): 20; “Creighton Inaugurates Criss-Bierne Endowed Chair
in Nursing,” Creighton University Magazine (Summer 2007): 44.
25
US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “Guidelines for Applying the National Register Criteria for Evaluation,”
National Register Bulletin 15, 2.
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architectural details. Feeling and association are the least objective of the seven criteria and pertain to the overall
ability of the property to convey a sense of the historical time and place in which it was constructed.
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires consideration of the possible impacts to and the
evaluation of resources using the criteria set forth by the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). In
order to be determined eligible and considered a historical resource for the purpose of CEQA, each resource must
be determined to be significant under the local, state, or national level under one of four criteria (Criteria 1
through 4) and retain historic integrity. The CRHR criteria closely parallel those for the NRHP (Criteria A
through D) outlined above.26 Resources must be at least 50 years old in order to be eligible to the NRHP or the
CRHR.
Monterey County has its own local criteria for designating buildings as historically significant. The review
criteria are outlined in Chapter 18.25 “Preservation of Historic Resources” at Section 18.25.070.
Under Monterey County Criterion A, “Historical and Cultural Significance,” the local ordinance includes criteria
similar to the NRHP and CRHR programs, but also adds:
•
•
•
•
properties that are “representative of a way of life;”
properties that were “once common but now rare;”
properties “connected with someone renowned;”
properties that are “connected with a business or use which was once common but is now rare.”
Under Monterey County Criterion B, “Historic, Architectural, and Engineering Significance,” the local ordinance
establishes certain thresholds for significance that are not found in the National Register or California Register
criteria. These include properties proposed for designation that:
•
•
•
exemplifies “a particular style or way of life important to the county;”
exemplifies the “best remaining architectural type of a community;”
embodies “elements of outstanding attention to architectural or engineering design, detail, material, or
craftsmanship.”
Under Monterey County Criterion C, “Community and Geographic Setting,” properties are considered historically
significant if the proposed resource:
•
•
•
•
26
materially benefits the historic character of a community
by virtue of its location or singular physical characteristics represents “an established and familiar feature
of the community, area, or county;”
possesses “a significant concentration or continuity of buildings, structures or objects unified by past
events, or aesthetically by plan or physical development;”
“is essential to the integrity of” a historic district.
California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 11.5, “California Register of Historical Resources,” effective January 1, 1993.
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The Law Residence, completed in mid 1924, was one of at least one hundred of residences built in the 1920s at
Pebble Beach, Del Monte Forest, and the southern Monterey Peninsula as part of the real estate promotion of the
Del Monte Properties Company. The early anchors of this development were the Del Monte Hotel, Del Monte
Lodge, the Pebble Beach Golf Links, and the Monterey Peninsula Golf and Country Club. The golf links, the
hotel, the club, and many of the residences were designed by prominent California architects as showpieces of this
development project. The Law Residence does not appear to be a significant property within this context. It was
one of many residences to be built along the fairways of the golf links, but was not unusual in this regard as the
residential development was planned to take advantage of the ocean views and open space created by the
establishment of an oceanfront golf course, a plan repeated in other Del Monte Properties real estate promotions.
There is nothing about the Law Residence that distinguishes it from other residential lots developed by the scores
of other private individuals who acquired lots under the Del Monte Company’s land sales promotions in the 1920s
and 1930s. In fact, the entire Monterey County coastline was developed in the early twentieth century as a largely
seasonal recreational area for wealthy individuals. This property does not embody a specific important aspect of
that trend of development, which continues to this day. Even if the property may have once been typical of this
way of life, since the 1970s it has been dramatically expanded in size and substantially altered to such an extent
that the property cannot convey any potential significance under NRHP Criteria A or CRHR Criteria 1, or
Monterey County Criterion A.
Harold Ward Law and his wife, Genevieve, acquired the lot along the first fairway of the Pebble Beach Golf
Links in May 1924 and had a modest weekend and summer residence built there over the following months. The
Laws had a garage added to the residence in 1926 and expanded the main residence in 1928, more than tripling its
original living space. The Laws owned the residence until 1932. Harold was a pharmaceutical executive and
Genevieve moved in the social circles of San Francisco. Subsequent owners included T.S. Clingan, a San
Francisco-based steel company executive; George Townsend, a Navy colonel; Lawson Little, a retired
professional golfer; and Drs. Clinton and Gilbert Beirne, brothers who owned a successful Bay Area
dermatological practice. While each of these persons appears to have achieved success in their respective fields,
research does not indicate that any of them were significant in the local community or in his profession during the
period that they owned the Pebble Beach house. While one may reasonably argue that Lawson Little represents a
significant figure for his achievements in the amateur and professional golf worlds, he achieved his status during
the 1930s and 1940s. By the time he purchased the Pebble Beach home in 1953, he was effectively in retirement.
His last major tournament victory was five years prior, in 1948. Additionally, as discussed above, the series of
major expansions between 1972 and 1990 compromised the integrity of the residence to the historic period,
effectively severing its ability to convey any significance its owners may have had. For these reasons, therefore,
the Law Residence is not “connected with someone renowned” or “persons significant in our past” for any
historically significant endeavor. Lacking the direct and important associations necessary to meet these criteria,
as well as integrity to any part of the historic period, this property does not meet NRHP Criterion B, CRHR
Criterion 2, or Monterey County Criterion A.
The Law Residence is not significant for its architectural merit or design, it does not exemplify or embody a
historically important way of life, nor is it part of a particular community or remaining example of a particular
community. As noted previously, the building has been modified to such an extent in recent decades that it no
longer retains integrity to its original appearance. In fact, it does not appear as it did at any time during the
historic period, since 1972 nearly doubling in size and growing to include major additions on its principal façade,
a large detached garage, and a swimming pool. These many alterations are documented in detail above, and taken
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as a whole they seriously compromise the historic design, materials, feeling, association and workmanship of the
residence. The house, therefore, does not embody “outstanding attention to architectural or engineering design,
detail, material, or craftsmanship.” In rare instances, buildings themselves can serve as sources of important
information about historic construction materials or technologies (Criterion D and 4); however, this building is
otherwise documented and does not appear to be a principal source of important information in this regard. The
property does not, therefore, meet NRHP Criteria C or D, CRHR Criteria 3 or 4, or Monterey County Criterion B.
Although the residence has a desirable location along the first fairway of the Pebble Beach Golf Links, it is one
among dozens of properties in the myriad developments of the former Del Monte Company that was built
adjacent to a golf course. In fact, it was the stated goal of the Del Monte Company to site as many lots as possible
within view of fairways, the ocean, or other open vistas. The Law Residence figures prominently from the first
fairway, but it is not visible from any other fairway on the golf course. Also, what one sees from the fairway,
primarily, are elevations dating to the 1970s and 1980s, as shown in Photograph 1 and the Site Plan at the end of
this report. The visible walls of the 1920s structure from this vantage point consist of the southern ends of the two
loggia, with the eastern loggia suffering from a window and door replacement and partially eclipsed by a modern
patio wall and awning roof; one window on the south wall of the original dining room; and south side of the
converted guest quarters. These views are overwhelmed by modern additions: the garage (1972), dining hall
(1980), and bath/closet addition (1984), as well as walls surrounding the pool gate and west loggia end. Nor is the
original residence readily visible from the vantage point of 17 Mile Drive, as it is well away from the road, at a
lower elevation, screened by a fence and trees, and encased by additions dating from 1976 to 1990. The north
wall of the converted garage and a very small (and modified) section of the living room element are the only
elements of 1920s residence visible from the north. Because of these factors, the appearance of the Law
Residence as seen from public viewpoints effectively dates to the modern period and does not materially benefit
the historic character of the Pebble Beach community, nor does it by virtue of its location or singular physical
characteristics represent an established and familiar feature of the area. The buildings in the Pebble Beach
community have changed over time and do not consist of a “significant concentration or continuity” of buildings.
The Law Residence, therefore, is not part of a historic district. For these reasons, the property does not meet
Monterey County Criterion C.
For the reasons outlined above on this form, it does not appear that the Law Residence meets the criteria for
listing in the National, California, or Monterey County registers because it lacks historical significance and
integrity.
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Photographs:
Photograph 2: Pool/patio view of 1928 residence, living room element at center (facing north).
Photograph 3: View of pool and patio, facing south from living room toward wall and gate.
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Photographs:
Photograph 4: North entrance to 1928 living room element at center, view facing southwest. The 1976 study
addition is at right, roof of the 1990 reception room addition is at left.
Photograph 5: Wider view of main façade showing reception room addition (left) and study addition (right).
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Photographs:
Photograph 6: Detail view of 1990 reception room, facing south.
Photograph 7: New main entrance in 1990 addition; the north wall of the 1928 living room visible at right.
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Photographs:
Photograph 8: Bedroom wing, west elevation.
Photograph 9: Bedroom wing, east elevation.
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Photographs:
Photograph 10: East side of 1990 addition.
Photograph 11: Loggia at southern end of bedroom wing.
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Photographs:
Photograph 12: South end of bedroom wing showing loggia at left and flat roof addition (1984) at right.
Photograph 13: Interior view of bedroom wing loggia; note the non-original doors and windows.
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Photographs:
Photograph 14: Courtyard view of service wing, west elevation (the 1924 kitchen is at center).
Photograph 15: Courtyard view of 1924 bedroom, view facing north.
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Photographs:
Photograph 16: North side of dining hall (left) and gate built in 1980,
view facing southwest from 1924 bedroom wing.
Photograph 17: 1980 dining hall addition, view facing north. The original (1924) dining room is visible at right.
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Photographs:
Photograph 18: Interior view of service wing (center), view facing northwest.
Photograph 19: Loggia at south end of service wing, view facing west.
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Photographs:
Photograph 20: Interior view of service wing loggia.
Photograph 21: South elevation of 1926 garage, converted into a guest house.
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Photographs:
Photograph 22: West elevation of garage/guest house.
Photograph 23: Small shed at northwest corner of parcel.
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Photographs:
Photograph 24: Detached garage built in 1972, view facing northwest.
Photograph 25: Close-up view of 1945 aerial photograph. The original (1924) residence is the L-shaped building
with the dark roof at center. The 1926 garage is at right and the 1928 U-shaped residential expansion is at left.
(Pebble Beach Company Archives)
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Location Map:
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Sketch Map:
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Site Plan:
DPR 523L (1/95)
DPR 523 Update Form for Fairway One House
17 Mile Drive, Pebble Beach
(APN 008-423-019)
Primary # ________________________
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NRHP Status Code
Page 1 of
*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) Fairway One House
Continuation ⌧ Update
10
P1. Other Identifier: C.
6Z
Fritz Howard Jarvis House
*P2 e. Other Locational Data:
17 Mile Drive, Pebble Beach, California 93953
Assessor’s Parcel Number: 008-423-019
*P3a. Description:
This form serves as an update to a previous inventory and evaluation of the Fairway One House, located
overlooking the first tee of the Pebble Beach Golf Links. JRP Historical Consulting originally evaluated the
property in December 2001 (see attached DPR 523 form). In May 2010, JRP revisited and field-checked the
property and determined that there have been no substantial changes to the building or the surrounding parcel
since 2001; please refer to the original DPR form for a detailed description of the property. Updated photographs
of the building and a Location Map, Sketch Map, and Site Plan are attached below.
HP2 (single family property); HP5 (hotel/motel)
Stephen R. Wee and Bryan Larson, JRP Historical Consulting, LLC, 2850 Spafford Street,
Davis, CA 95618
*P11. Report Citation: JRP Historical Consulting, LLC, “Law Residence and Fairway One House Update: Historic
Property Evaluation (Letter Report to Pebble Beach Company),” June 2010.
*P3b. Resource Attributes:
*P8. Recorded by:
*B10. Significance:
In 2001, JRP evaluated the Fairway One House for potential listing in the California Register of Historical
Resources (CRHR), and determined that the property did not appear to meet the significance criteria of the
CRHR, codified in the California Public Resources Code, Sections 4850 through 4858. In addition to lacking
significance, the historic integrity of the residence has been compromised by numerous modifications and
additions to the building in the recent past. Monterey County concurred with the findings. The present update
further evaluates whether the property is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or Monterey
County’s Register of Historic Resources (MCRHR), as required by Monterey County’s Guidelines for Historic
Assessments (July 20, 2007), published after the original Fairway One House evaluation. This study concludes
that the property does not appear eligible for the NRHP or MCRHR for the reasons outlined below. Refer to the
original DPR form for a complete historic context.
The criteria for listing properties in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) are codified in 36 CFR 60
and expanded upon in numerous guidelines published by the National Park Service. The NRHP criteria closely
parallel – and in fact form the basis of – the criteria set forth by the California Register of Historical Resources
(CRHR), which were applied for the 2001 evaluation.1 Buildings, structures, objects, sites, and districts listed in,
eligible for listing in, or that appear eligible for listing in the NRHP are considered historic properties under the
regulations for Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Eligibility for listing rests on twin
factors of historic significance and integrity. A resource must have both significance and integrity to be
considered eligible. Loss of integrity, if sufficiently great, will overwhelm the historic significance a resource
may possess and render it ineligible. Likewise, a resource can have complete integrity, but if it lacks significance,
1
California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 11.5, “California Register of Historical Resources,” effective January 1, 1993.
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6Z
it must also be considered ineligible. Historic significance is judged by applying the NRHP criteria, identified as
Criteria A through D (analogous to CRHR Criteria 1 through 4). Properties may be significant at the local, state,
or national level. The NRHP criteria are:
Criterion A:
Criterion B:
Criterion C:
Criterion D:
association with “events that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history;”
association with “the lives of persons significant in our past;”
resources “that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic
values;”
resources “that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important to
history or prehistory.”2
Integrity is determined through applying seven factors to the historic resource: location, design, setting,
workmanship, materials, feeling, and association. These seven can be roughly grouped into three types of
integrity considerations. Location and setting relate to the relationship between the property and its environment.
Design, materials, and workmanship, as they apply to historic buildings, relate to construction methods and
architectural details. Feeling and association are the least objective of the seven criteria and pertain to the overall
ability of the property to convey a sense of the historical time and place in which it was constructed.
Monterey County has its own local criteria for designating buildings as historically significant. The review
criteria are outlined in Chapter 18.25 “Preservation of Historic Resources” at Section 18.25.070.
Under Monterey County Criterion A, “Historical and Cultural Significance,” the local ordinance includes criteria
similar to the NRHP and CRHR programs, but also adds:
•
•
•
•
properties that are “representative of a way of life;”
properties that were “once common but now rare;”
properties “connected with someone renowned;”
properties that are “connected with a business or use which was once common but is now rare.”
Under Monterey County Criterion B, “Historic, Architectural, and Engineering Significance,” the local ordinance
establishes certain thresholds for significance that are not found in the National Register or California Register
criteria. These include properties proposed for designation that:
•
•
•
exemplifies “a particular style or way of life important to the county;”
exemplifies the “best remaining architectural type of a community;”
embodies “elements of outstanding attention to architectural or engineering design, detail, material, or
craftsmanship.”
2
US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “Guidelines for Applying the National Register Criteria for Evaluation,”
National Register Bulletin 15, 2.
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Under Monterey County Criterion C, “Community and Geographic Setting,” properties are considered historically
significant if the proposed resource:
•
•
•
•
materially benefits the historic character of a community
by virtue of its location or singular physical characteristics represents “an established and familiar feature
of the community, area, or county;”
possesses “a significant concentration or continuity of buildings, structures or objects unified by past
events, or aesthetically by plan or physical development;”
“is essential to the integrity of” a historic district.
The Fairway One House, completed in late 1925 or early 1926, was one of at least one hundred of residences built
in the 1920s at Pebble Beach, Del Monte Forest, and the southern Monterey Peninsula as part of the real estate
promotion of the Del Monte Properties Company. The early anchors of this development were the Del Monte
Hotel, Del Monte Lodge, the Pebble Beach Golf Links, and the Monterey Peninsula Golf and Country Club. The
golf links, the hotel, the club, and many of the residences were designed by prominent California architects as
showpieces of this development project. The Fairway One House does not appear to be a particularly significant
property within this context. It was one of many residences to be built along the fairways of the golf links, but
was not unusual in this regard as the residential development was planned to take advantage of the ocean views
and open space created by the establishment of an oceanfront golf course, a plan repeated in other Del Monte
Properties real estate promotions. There is nothing about the Fairway One House that distinguishes it from other
residential lots developed by a hundred other private individuals who acquired lots under the Del Monte
Company’s land sales promotions in the 1920s and 1930s. In fact, the entire Monterey County coastline was
developed in the early twentieth century as a largely seasonal recreational area for wealthy individuals. This
property does not embody a specific important aspect of that trend of development, which continues to this day.
Even if the property may have once been typical of this way of life, it has been expanded and altered to such an
extent that the property cannot convey any potential significance under NRHP Criteria A or Monterey County
Criterion A. As detailed in the original DPR 523 form and depicted on the Site Plan attached to this update, the
residence has been expanded with two additions to its west end: a second-story garage addition on the 17 Mile
Drive (north) side, and a large rear bedroom addition on the Fairway One (south) side. Both of these additions
have been subsequently renovated as part of the 1988 conversion of the residence into a guest house and events
center for use by the Pebble Beach Company. Other work undertaken during this recent renovation project
included window removal and replacement, reconfiguration of the main entry, removal, addition and alteration of
many door openings, and reconstruction of the rear patio with materials inappropriate to the historic period.
Taken as a whole, these changes have seriously compromised the building’s historic integrity.
The original owners, C. Fritz Howard Jarvis and his wife, acquired the Fairway One lot in 1924 and contracted
with a local builder to erect a private family residence in 1925. The home was completed in early 1926. Jarvis
was a dentist who had resided in Oakland, California, before moving to Pebble Beach in 1926. While living in
Pebble Beach, he continued to practice dentistry on the Monterey Peninsula. In 1944, he moved to Los Angeles
and sold his Pebble Beach residence to Frederick and Viola Nicholas. Mr. Nicholas owned the Midway Drug
Store in Monterey. These were the only two families to occupy the Fairway One House during the historic period.
Jarvis was a professional in the local community, but research does not indicate that he was a significant person in
the local community or in his profession. Mr. Nicholas owned a local retail business and research could establish
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little else about his position in the local community. Neither family, nor any individual members of the two
families, appears to be important persons in the context of local, state or national history during the time they
occupied the Fairway One House. For these reasons, therefore, the Fairway One House is not “connected with
someone renowned” or “persons significant in our past” for any historically significant endeavor. Lacking the
direct and important associations necessary to meet these criteria, this property does not meet NRHP Criterion B
or Monterey County Criterion A.
The Fairway One House is not significant for its architectural merit or design, it does not exemplify or embody a
historically important way of life, nor is it part of a particular community or remaining example of a particular
community. Many of the buildings erected in Pebble Beach and adjacent communities on the peninsula during the
1920s and 1930s were designed by some of the most noteworthy California architects of the period. Of these
buildings, the majority were constructed in the Mediterranean or Spanish Eclectic styles. The Fairway One House
was constructed in the Spanish Eclectic style, but it was not among the more notable designs of that period at
Pebble Beach. In fact, the house was relatively modest in size by comparison with other residences built nearby,
originally being only a one-story two-bedroom house with a maid’s room, living room, kitchen, garage and patio.
The house was not designed by an architect, but instead by a local building contractor, Levon Gottfried. While he
was a successful builder of homes on the Monterey Peninsula, Gottfried was not a trained architect, nor is he
known as a master craftsman who has been recognized for any outstanding achievements in the building trades.
The three-bedroom Jarvis house was typical of many middle class residences built in the Spanish Eclectic style in
the 1920s, but it is not an outstanding example of the type. Furthermore, as discussed above, the Fairway One
House has undergone many changes over time that have compromised the historic design, materials, feeling,
association, and workmanship of the residence. The former residence, therefore, does not embody “outstanding
attention to architectural or engineering design, detail, material, or craftsmanship.” In rare instances, buildings
themselves can serve as sources of important information about historic construction materials or technologies;
however, this building uses construction techniques and technologies common for the era in which it was
constructed and does not appear to be a principal source of important information in this regard. The property
does not, therefore, meet NRHP Criteria C and D or Monterey County Criterion B.
Although the residence has a desirable location along the first fairway of the Pebble Beach Golf Links, it is one
among dozens of properties in the myriad developments of the former Del Monte Company that was built
adjacent to a golf course. In fact, it was the stated goal of the Del Monte Company to site as many lots as possible
within view of fairways, the ocean, or other open vistas. While the Fairway One House is visible from the first
fairway, it cannot be seen from any other location on the golf course. Also, what one sees from the fairway are
primarily the results of recent modifications, as shown in Photograph 1 and the attached Site Plan. From this
vantage point, the bedroom addition on the west end and the modern concrete wall surrounding the rebuilt patio at
the center of the old residence comprise approximately half of the visible portion of the building. Two of the
remaining elevations, the living room and bedroom wings on either side of the patio, have suffered from the
replacement of original windows, the only architectural elements present. The only apparently intact elevation is
that of the side gabled dining room and kitchen wing.
From the 17 Mile Drive (north) side, the residence is largely shielded from view. The parcel is surrounded by a
tall property wall and the building is set back some distance from the road. The only public view of the north
facade is along the driveway, which enters on the east end of the lot. Mature trees and other intervening
landscaping elements further block the view of this side of the building, which has been modified through the
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garage expansion, reconfiguration of the main entryway, and replacement of all original windows (Photographs 2
and 3). Because of these factors, the appearance of the Fairway One House as seen from public viewpoints
effectively dates to the modern period and does not materially benefit the historic character of the Pebble Beach
community, nor does the former residence, by virtue of its location or singular physical characteristics, represent
an established and familiar feature of the area. The buildings in the Pebble Beach community have changed over
time and do not consist of a “significant concentration or continuity” of buildings. The Fairway One House,
therefore, is not part of a historic district. For these reasons, the property does not meet Monterey County
Criterion C.
For the reasons outlined above on this update form, it does not appear that the Fairway One House meets the
criteria for listing in the National or Monterey County registers, or to the California Register as concluded on the
original form, because it lacks historical significance and integrity.
*B14. Evaluator:
Stephen R. Wee & Bryan Larson
JRP Historical Consulting, LLC
2850 Spafford Street
Davis, CA 95618
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Photographs:
Photograph 1: Fairway One House from the Pebble Beach Golf Links, facing north. From left to right are: front
gabled bedroom addition with replacement window; side gabled dining room / kitchen wing; front gabled living
room wing with replacement window; rebuilt patio with modern wall; and front gabled bedroom wing with
replacement window.
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Photographs:
Photograph 2: Front (north) elevation facing southwest along driveway from 17 Mile Drive.
The reconfigured entryway is at center.
Photograph 3: North elevation of converted garage with second-story addition, view facing south.
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Location Map:
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Sketch Map:
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Site Plan:
DPR 523L (1/95)
Original DPR 523 Form for Fairway One House (2001)
17 Mile Drive, Pebble Beach
(APN 008-423-019)
Primary # _____________________________________
HRI # ________________________________________
PRIMARY RECORD
Trinomial _____________________________________
NRHP Status Code
6
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________
Review Code __________ Reviewer ____________________________ Date ___________
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P1. Other Identifier:
Fairway One House
Fairway One House
*P2. Location:
Not for Publication ⌧ Unrestricted
and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.)
*a. County
Monterey
Monterey Date 1983 T16S; R 1W; El Pescadero Grant MD B.M.
Fairway One 17 Mile Drive City Pebble Beach Zip 93953
(give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone _____;
______________mE/ _____________mN
*b. USGS 7.5’ Quad
c. Address
d. UTM:
e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate)
APN No. 008-432-019
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries)
Originally built as a three bedroom single-family residence in 1925-26, the Fairway One house was designed in
what was then called “the California Spanish” style. Photograph 1. Spanish Eclectic and Mediterranean style
buildings were the most common type constructed on the Monterey Peninsula during the 1920s and 1930s. The
residence is sited adjacent to the first tee on Pebble Beach Golf Links, a location that inspired the building’s
common name -- “Fairway One House.” The residence now serves as an executive or V.I.P. guesthouse / events
center operated by the Pebble Beach Company. To serve this function, the house has been remodeled extensively
and now contains five suites, two lounges and a catering station. (see Continuation Sheets)
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2 and HP5
*P4. Resources Present:
⌧ Building
Structure
Object
Site
District
P5a. Photo of Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.)
Element of District
Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date,
accession #) Main Entrance to Fairway
One House, North Elevation,
Camera facing Southeast
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
⌧ Historic
Prehistoric
Both
1925-26; Pebble Beach Co. Records
*P7. Owner and Address:
Pebble Beach Company
P. O. Box 1767
Pebble Beach, CA 93953-1767
*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, address)
Stephen R. Wee, JRP Historical
Consulting Services, 1490 Drew
Ave, Suite 110, Davis, CA 95616
*P9. Date Recorded:
November 2001
*P10. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter “none.”)
“Fairway One House: Historic Property Evaluation
(Letter Report to Pebble Beach Company, December 2001)”
*Attachments: NONE
Location Map ⌧ Sketch Map ⌧ Continuation Sheet ⌧ Building, Structure, and Object Record
Archaeological Record
District Record
Linear Feature Record
Milling Station Record
Rock Art Record
Artifact Record
Photograph Record
Other (list) __________________
DPR 523A (1/95)
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*NRHP Status Code
6
Fairway One House
C. Fritz Howard Jarvis House
Fairway One House
B3. Original Use: Single-family Residence B4. Present Use: Executive Guest House / Events Center
*B5. Architectural Style: Spanish Eclectic
*B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alteration, and date of alterations) 1925-26, 1945, 1950, 1967, 1982, and 1988
B1. Historic Name:
B2. Common Name:
*B7. Moved?
⌧ No
Yes
*B8. Related Features:
Unknown
Date: __________________
Original Location: ___________________
none
B9. Architect: _(none)______________________
*B10. Significance: Theme
n/a
Levon Gottfried
n/a
n/a
Applicable Criteria
b. Builder:
Area
Period of Significance
n/a
Property Type
n/a
(Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
The village at Pebble Beach took form after 1915 as part of Samuel F. B. Morse’s conception for a grand real
estate development on the peninsula that would attract wealthy and upper middle class residents to a master
planned resort community providing a variety of sporting opportunities, including as a centerpiece a series of
world class championship golf courses located along the coastal shoreline. The famous golf courses that now
occupy the waterfront between Pacific Grove and Carmel, however, were built by a private company, Del Monte
Properties Inc., to promote other company assets, most notably lots for residential developments. The house at
Fairway One, built as the private residence of C. Fritz Howard Jarvis in 1925-26, was one of about sixty
residences (see Continuation Sheet)
B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)
*B12. References:
see footnotes
B13. Remarks:
See continuation sheet.
*B14. Evaluator:
Stephen R. Wee
December 2001
(This space reserved for official comments.)
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P3a. Description (continued):
The Fairway One House is irregular in plan and has an asymmetrical facade. The original house was built around
three sides of a large patio located at the center of the house. The bedrooms were arranged around the north and
east sides of the patio and were accessible by an interior corridor that opened up to the patio through a series of
arched window openings with a central arched doorway on the corridor providing access to the patio. The living
room, accessible to the patio by French doors, was located on the west side of the patio with the dining room,
kitchen, service room and garage beyond the living room at the west end of the residence. The patio was
enclosed at the rear by a stucco wall with a gate providing access from the rear yard. Two major additions have
been appended to the west end of the house. The first addition is a second story constructed over the garage in
1945, originally built as living quarters, but converted to a catering station in 1988. The second of these additions
was a 20’x30’ single-story wing located behind the garage that was added as a bedroom in about 1950, converted
to a kitchen in 1967, and later made into a hotel suite.
The Fairway One House is built on a concrete foundation and is a woodframe structure with stucco interior and
exterior wall surfaces. The roof form consists of a complicated series of multi-level, low-pitched front and side
gables with shed roofs over small additions and shed extensions covering entry porches. The whole roof is
covered with red clay half-curved Spanish tiles. The eaves, which have little overhang, have exposed rafter tails
that are partially obscured where exterior mounted gutters have been added over covered porches. Photographs
1-4. Chimneys pierce the roof-line at four locations: one each on the old living room and dining room and two in
suites. Each chimney is of a different style. The ones in the living and dining rooms appear original to the
building, but one of these has been modified. The original style, found at the east end of the former dining room,
is a wide brick chimney covered with stucco that tapers at its upper end. The living room chimney has had its
tapered stack removed and is now topped with a metal spark arrestor. The other two chimneys are non-historic:
one is a tall, narrow rectangular brick chimney; the other is a small, short stucco chimney surmounted by a spark
arrestor.
Few of the exterior window and door openings are original with the majority being historically inappropriate
replacements of the originals. To accommodate serial changes in the use of the building from single-family
residence to Pebble Beach executive housing to a guest house/events center, window and door openings all around
the house have been in-filled, relocated, modified in geometry, and replaced with inappropriate non-historic sash.
All of the original windows on the main (north) façade have been replaced. The original windows were of three
types: woodframe three-lite casement sash, tri-part woodframe sash with a fixed central pane flanked by multi-lite
casements, or small 1/1 double hung wood sash in the bathrooms. Four casement replacement windows that are
similar to the originals remain. However, eleven windows were either blocked out completely, or replaced with
picture windows or small aluminum sliding sash. A large picture window was installed in place of a tri-part
window in the main living room. Originally, the main entrance on the north elevation was set at a 45° angle and
contained a pair of wood-paneled arched doors. Photograph 2. In 1988, the angled foyer was removed and the
door reset at right angles to the interior walls. At that time the arched french double-doors were replaced with a
single wood paneled door. Photograph 3. The stone paved entry was replaced with brick and an adobe wainscot
that wrapped around the patio at the entry was removed. Shed roof extensions were constructed over the main
entry and a secondary entry to the east that provided access to a private suite. Photograph 4. The trompe l’oeil
to the right of the main entrance was also created in 1988. A second story addition was placed above the flatDPR 523L (1/95)
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roofed garage at the east end of the north elevation in about 1945. It has two windows set beneath the gable end
that match the other replacement casement sash on the north elevation. Photograph 5. A decorative wood
balustrade that once ran across the front of the garage at the second elevation has been removed.
The west elevation of the building is the least visible elevation and utilities and tool sheds are located on this side
of the residence. There are only three windows. The one on the first floor is an original woodframe casement
window, while the ones on the second floor are side-hinged three-pane windows that are contemporary with the
second floor addition over the garage. All of the other exterior openings on the west elevation have modern flush
doors, most of which provide access to utility additions that have been appended to the house since its original
construction. Photograph 6.
The rear (south) elevation of the house faces the first fairway of Pebble Beach Golf Links. This elevation contains
three front gable elements at the two ends and middle, interrupted by a side gable dining room and a large
enclosed patio. At the west end is a 30’ x 20’ front gable addition placed on the building in about 1950 as a
bedroom and remodeled into a kitchen in 1967. This room was remodeled later and turned into a suite when the
guesthouse / events center remodeling was accomplished in 1988. The suite has a tri-part woodframe window
with lower solid panels of wood topped by a central fixed pane of glass flanked by casement windows. This
window was installed in 1988 and replaced a large multiple-paned window whose upper row of window panes
matched the peak and slope of the gable roof. Originally there was a door on the east elevation that provided
access to a Carmel Stone patio measuring 62’ x 10’ along the rear elevation of the building running from the
bedroom over to the dining room. The door and patio are now gone, a smaller patio was constructed off the rear
of the old dining room in 1988.
Located to the east of the old bedroom/kitchen addition was the dining room that now functions as a lounge. This
side gable lounge element of the structure has a set of three evenly spaced shuttered French doors that provide
access to a small open patio looking out to the fairway. Each door has a solid lower panel with six-lites above.
The wood shutters have a matching lower panel with louvers above. A chimney is located at the east end of the
lounge where it connects to the main living room.
Adjacent to the dining room to the east was the original living room. The living room runs north-south the full
width of the residence and takes shape under a front gable roof form. A large picture window flanked by louvered
shutters has replaced the original window opening, providing an unobstructed view of the fairway. Photograph
7.
East of the living room is the central patio accessible through a set of French doors. The patio is paved with
standard red brick and 12”x12” concrete pavers laid in a diamond pattern. The flooring was installed in 1988. On
its north and east sides, the patio is ringed by six arched windows and an arched door that provides access to an
interior corridor. These openings all have a solid lower panel with a 12-pane arched window above. The door is
similar in design to the windows and is shown in Photograph 8. The south end of the patio, originally enclosed
with a stucco wall, is now enclosed by a brick wall with a course of decorative cinderblock running along the top
of the wall. Access from the lawn to the porch is through a centrally located wood plank gate. Photograph 9. To
the east of the patio is a front gable wing containing a bedroom. The tri-part window treatment on this room was
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installed in 1988 and matches that found on the bedroom addition at the opposite end of the house.1 Photograph
10.
The east elevation of the building has no architectural features of note. There is a set of three wood flush doors
that provided access to utilities and a storage room and one small aluminum frame sliding bathroom window with
a wood louver mounted on the interior. Photograph 11.
B10. Significance (continued):
erected in the vicinity of Pebble Beach Golf Links by November 1924 as a result of the Del Monte building
program at Pebble Beach. According to a Del Monte Properties pamphlet published in 1928, the residences
constructed at Pebble Beach ranged from “beautiful year-round or vacation time residences and estates” to “many
less pretentious but equally attractive homes.” While the company invited “discriminating people” to come and
view available building sites in “America’s most desirable residence district,” it also appealed to people “within
average moderate means” to come and build their “ideal California home” on desirable and affordable lots at
Pebble Beach. 2
The marketing of residential real estate on the southern Monterey Peninsula was not an instant success and has
roots going back into the 19th century. The Big Four (Crocker, Huntington, Stanford and Hopkins) of the Central
Pacific Railroad began purchasing land on Monterey Peninsula shortly after routing their tracks to Monterey
Harbor. Crocker built the Hotel Del Monte in 1880 to attract the wealthy leisure class to the peninsula for
recreational opportunities such as horseback riding, bowling, billiards, horse racing and polo. As early as 1895 a
golf course was built near the hotel and two years later a nine-hole course was laid out south of the hotel called the
Del Monte Golf Course. The course proved popular and was expanded to 18 holes in 1903. While the railroad
company developed Del Monte, the Carmel Development Company was improving Carmel Village to the south.
Several thousand acres of land on the peninsula between these two developments had been leased at an early date
by the railroad company with the intent to purchase the land, but their acquisition was delayed by court
challenges.
In 1904 land title issues related to the El Pescadero land grant, owned by the Pacific Improvement Company, the
real estate holding company of the Southern Pacific Railroad, were finally resolved in court. The settlement of
this suit sparked planning by Pacific Improvement Company for its development. The fashionable colony at
Pebble Beach was the first residential community planned within Del Monte Forest Preserve. Lots were placed on
sale at Pebble Beach in July 1909 and one month later the first rustic log lodge at Pebble Beach opened. Work
began on a nine-hole golf course as early as 1910, but three years later the course had still not opened. The Pebble
Beach land sale program failed as only a handful of residential lots were sold. Pacific Improvement Company
decided to liquidate its holdings and gave the job to Samuel Finley Brown Morse.
1
Originally there appears to have been a large French door at this location. The “ghost” of the former door opening can be seen in the
concrete stucco patch and its outline is shown on remodeling plans from the 1988 remodel. The former door opening was centered
under the gable and had a peak under the gable end with the opening falling off at the same slope as the roof-line. Fred Keeble and
George Rhoda, Architects, “Fairway One House Remodeling: Interior elevations, June 11, 1988.
2
Del Monte Properties Company, Map of Pebble Beach, California (November 1924) and Del Monte Properties Company, Map of
Pebble Beach, California (January 1928). Pebble Beach Company Archives.
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Morse, who had been in charge of the company’s land sales program in the Central Valley for one of its
subsidiary holdings, the Crocker-Huffman Land & Water Company, decided to revitalize the Del Monte Hotel
and golf course in order to attract higher prices for the peninsular real estate holdings of the company. Morse’s
vision for the southern shoreline included a resort community, an 18-hole championship golf course along the
coast, and scenic easements to preserve the natural beauty of the forest and coastline. Originally, the oceanfront at
Pebble Beach had been surveyed into 80-foot wide residential lots. Morse began buying back or trading coastal
residential lots to make room for the golf course that became known as the Pebble Beach Golf Links. The golf
links was a top priority. The oceanfront golf course was key to Morse’s overall concept of a waterfront greenbelt
that would preserve open space and prevent obstruction of the view of the scenic coastline for tourists and
residents alike. In 1916 construction began and in March 1918 the christening tournament was held. The course
opened to the public in February 1919.
When Crocker refused to provide financial backing for Morse’s ambitious development plans for the southern
peninsula, he enlisted the aid of San Francisco capitalist Herbert Fleishhacker with whom Morse organized the
Del Monte Properties Company. The new company shifted its attention away from the Del Monte development in
Monterey to the new Del Monte Lodge, Pebble Beach Golf Links, and the luxurious residential developments at
Pebble Beach and Del Monte Forest. Tennis, horse racing and polo were added to the sporting attractions of the
resort and soon real estate sales soared and continued strong until the early days of the Great Depression when
sales quickly shriveled.3
The second Del Monte Properties real estate promotion to be advanced on the southern peninsula was Monterey
Peninsula Country Club in the Moss Beach area. The club was established in 1925 and within 18 months some
700 acres were developed into a playground including various sports fields, two championship golf courses,
numerous tennis courts, a bathing pavilion, swimming pool, community riding stables and a clubhouse. Del
Monte Properties under the direction of S. F. B. Morse set aside an additional 700 acres in one-third acre
residential lots as part of a comprehensive plan to provide villas and home sites for club members. Located along
winding streets accenting the beauty of the natural landscape, many of the homes opened upon the fairways of the
two golf courses or on club grounds. Plans for all houses had to be approved by a board of architects with all
designs following a Mediterranean idiom – Spanish Colonial, French Provencale, and residences with Italian or
Moorish elements. In fact, these buildings became so pervasive that by the mid-1920s, the stretch from Del
Monte to Carmel became known as the “California Riviera.” Many of the buildings erected during the 1920s also
followed early Spanish California architectural precedents and were called in local and architectural publications
of the era as “Early California” or “Spanish California” style residences.4
The Fairway One House was built at Pebble Beach Golf Links at about the time residential lots at the Monterey
Country Club were coming onto the market. The house was built for C. Fritz Howard Jarvis and his wife of
Oakland, California. The Jarvis house overlooking the Pebble Beach golf club was described in the local
Monterey newspaper as a residence “of pure California Spanish type architecture . . . contain[ing] two bed rooms,
3
Neal Hotelling, Pebble Beach Golf Links: The Official History (Pebble Beach: Sleeping Bear Press, 1999), 16-58; Beverly Borgman,
“The Late S. F. B. Morse Left His Mark on the Monterey Peninsula,” Coastings (October 2, 1985), 56-57; Susan Bock, “The Duke of
Del Monte: A Brief History of the Forest and the Man Who Preserved Its Beauty,” Monterey Life (February 1988), 54-59.
4
Monterey Peninsula Daily Herald, May 8, 1924; “Pebble Beach Houses” and “The Riveria Revisited,” in Architect & Engineer, 80:2
(February 1925); Irving F. Morrow, “Architecture Rests on the Land: A Review of Pebble Beach and Monterey Peninsula,” California
Arts & Architecture, January 1932. The architecture of Pebble Beach is also reviewed in Architect & Engineer, 47:2 (November 1921).
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a maid’s room, large living room, kitchen, service hall, garage and patio.” Among the special features of the
house noted were those that followed the Spanish and early California building theme of the entire De Monte
District. The quaint early California and Spanish lineage of the building was reflected in its patio with a western
style barbeque grill and “open air dining room” enclosed by a seven-foot tall stucco wall trowled to give the
appearance of adobe; an “adobe” wainscot running around the base of the walls at the main entrance to the
residence; heavily planked, arched entry doors; rough-hewn timbers on the ceilings of interior rooms; and rough
planed, grooved floor boards.5
Lavon (Lee) Gottfried, a local builder and contractor, designed and constructed the Fairway One House. Born in
Hicksville, Ohio in 1896, Gottfried came to Carmel in 1916 and served as an Army captain in both World War I
and World War II.6 Gottfried had several commissions to build residences on the Monterey Peninsula at about the
same time he built the Fairway One House. Gottfried was among a team of three local building contractors hired
by the San Francisco firm of S. A. Born and Company to complete some fifteen homes at the Monterey Peninsula
Country Club in spring and summer of 1925. While many homes in the country club were architect designed,
these residences were drawn up by the local building contractors as “attractive homes, costing between $3,000 and
$6,000” in a style of architecture “to blend with the attractiveness of the surroundings.” The team of contractors
had banned together in order to purchase building materials in “wholesale lots” and to hire teams of laborers who
could move from building to building to keep labor costs under control and the homes affordable.7 When his
work on these homes was completed, Gottfried turned to construction of the Jarvis home at Pebble Beach, among
others. By 1926, Gottfried had organized a new firm in partnership with a Mr. Hale, calling themselves
“designers and builders of homes.” They constructed several new homes in Carmel, Pebble Beach, and Point
Lobos that year.8 Gottfried remained in the building trades for several decades and was responsible for
constructing many residences in the town of Carmel and throughout the Monterey Peninsula from the mid-1920s
into the 1950s. 9
Del Monte Properties Company sold its .776 acre lot fronting on 17 Mile Drive and Fairway One of the Pebble
Beach Golf Links known as Block 136 B, Lot 1 to C. Fritz Howard Jarvis on October 20, 1924.10 Jarvis was a
local dentist who had practiced and resided in Oakland, California, before moving to Pebble Beach in 1926.
While living in Pebble Beach, he continued to practice dentistry on the Monterey Peninsula. In 1942 title to the
house was passed to Robin Rucker Jarvis. Two years later, C. Fritz Howard Jarvis and his wife moved to Los
Angeles and the Jarvis house was sold to Frederick and Viola Nicholas.11 Born in 1903 in Golden, Colorado,
Frederick Nicholas later came to California and resided in Stockton and San Francisco before moving to the
Monterey Peninsula in the mid-1930s. He married the former Viola Huckleby Searle and in 1936 purchased the
Midway Drug Store located in New Monterey between the old Spanish town of Monterey and Pacific Grove. He
owned the drug store for 20 years until his death in 1956.12 After his death, Virginia Hill of Pacific Grove and
5
Monterey Peninsula Daily Herald, November 17, 1925
Monterey Peninsula Herald, January 16, 1968.
7
The other local contractors involved in the program were Michael Murphy of Carmel and Fred Ruhl of Pebble Beach. Monterey
Peninsula Daily Herald, January 20, 1925
8
Monterey Peninsula Daily Herald, July 27, 1926
9
Monterey Peninsula Herald, January 16, 1968.
10
Pebble Beach Block Book to Block 144, Pebble Beach Company Archives.
11
Polk’s Salinas, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel City Directory for 1926, 1930 and 1937.
12
Monterey Peninsula Herald, December 10, 1956
6
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Carolyn Vogel purchased the house from Mrs. Nicholas and kept it until it was acquired by Del Monte Properties
Company in 1964.13
The Del Monte Company, the forerunner of Pebble Beach Company, used the property as a residence for the
company’s president in 1964 and it continued to be used as executive housing into the 1980s. Aime Michaud, a
graduate of Stanford University and Yale Law School, became the first presidential occupant and resided at
Fairway One House until his resignation in 1971. While president of Del Monte, he was credited with
modernizing the Lodge at Pebble Beach and the Beach and Tennis Club, was instrumental in creating Club XIX,
and was a key negotiator in acquiring the 1,500 Rancho Aguajito tract.14 Alfred Gawthrop succeeded Michaud as
president of Del Monte and retained that position until May 1975 when he was succeeded by Harry Holmes, who
had been executive vice-president of the company.15 In the late 1980s the residence was extensively remodeled
for conversion of use from a residence to private, executive conference and special events use as an adjunct to the
Pebble Beach Lodge.
California Register Evaluation
The California Register program and its eligibility criteria for evaluating properties for listing in the CRHR are
codified in the California Public Resources Code, Sections 4850 through 4858. Eligibility to the CRHR rests on
twin factors: significance and integrity. A property must have both significance and integrity to be considered
eligible for listing on the California Register. The Fairway One House does not appear to meet the significance
criteria of the California Register and its integrity as a historic property has been compromised by numerous
modifications and additions to the building in the recent past.
Historical significance under the California Register program is judged by application of four criteria,
denominated 1 through 4. Each of these criteria is applied to the Fairway One House below.
Criterion 1: Resources associated with important events that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history.
The Fairway One House, completed in late 1925 or early 1926, was one of at least one hundred of residences built
in the 1920s at Pebble Beach, Del Monte Forest, and the southern Monterey Peninsula as part of the real estate
promotion of the Del Monte Properties Company. The early anchors of this development were the Del Monte
Hotel, Del Monte Lodge, the Pebble Beach Golf Links, and the Monterey Peninsula Golf and Country Club. The
golf links, the hotel, the club, and many of the residences were designed by prominent California architects as
showpieces of this development project. The Fairway One House does not appear to be a particularly significant
property within this context. It was one of many residences to be built along the fairways of the golf links, but
was not unusual in this regard as the residential development was planned to take advantage of the ocean views
and open space created by the establishment of an oceanfront golf course, a plan repeated in other Del Monte
Properties real estate promotions. There is nothing about the Fairway One House that distinguishes it from other
13
Pebble Beach Block Book to Block 144, Pebble Beach Company Archives.
“Fairway One: The President’s House,” Scoreboard (July/August 1992), 3; Monterey Peninsula Herald, October 29, 1982.
15
Monterey Peninsula Herald, November 5, 1977.
14
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residential lots developed by a hundred other private individuals who acquired lots under the Del Monte
Company’s land sales promotions in the 1920s and 1930s.
Criterion 2: Resources that are associated with the lives of persons important to our past.
C. Fritz Howard Jarvis and his wife acquired the Fairway One lot in 1924 and contracted with a local builder to
erect a private family residence on the lot in 1925. The home was completed in early 1926. Jarvis was a dentist
who had resided in Oakland, California, before moving to Pebble Beach in 1926. While living in Pebble Beach,
he continued to practice dentistry on the Monterey Peninsula. In 1944, he moved to Los Angeles and sold his
Pebble Beach residence to Frederick and Viola Nicholas. Mr. Nicholas owned the Midway Drug Store in
Monterey. These were the only two families to occupy the Fairway One House during the historic period.
Jarvis was a professional in the local community, but research does not indicate that he was a significant person in
the local community or in his profession. Mr. Nicholas owned a local retail business and research could establish
little else about his position in the local community. Neither family, nor any individual members of the two
families, appears to be important persons in the context of local, state or national history during the time they
occupied the Fairway One House.
Criterion 3: Resources that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or
represents the work of a master.
As noted many of the buildings erected in Pebble Beach and adjacent communities on the peninsula during the
1920s and 1930s were designed by some of the most noteworthy California architects of the period. Of these
buildings, the majority were constructed in the Mediterranean or Spanish Eclectic styles. The Fairway One house
was constructed in the Spanish Eclectic style, but it was not among the more notable designs of that period at
Pebble Beach. In fact, the house was relatively modest in size by comparison with other residences built nearby,
originally being only a one-story two-bedroom house with a maid’s room, living room, kitchen, garage and patio.
The house was not designed by an architect, but instead by a local building contractor, Levon Gottfried. While he
was a successful builder of homes on the Monterey Peninsula, Gottfried was not a trained architect, nor is he
known as a master craftsman who has been recognized for any outstanding achievements in the building trades.
The three bedroom Jarvis house was typical of many middle class residences built in the Spanish Eclectic style in
the 1920s, but it is not an outstanding example of the type. Furthermore, the Fairway One House has undergone
many changes over time that seriously detract from its historic integrity, including the addition of a large rear
bedroom and a second story room over the garage, window removal and replacement, reconfiguration of the main
entry, removal, addition and alteration of many door openings, and reconstruction of the rear patio with materials
inappropriate to the historic period. These many alterations are documented in detail above, and taken as a whole
they seriously compromise the historic design, materials, feeling, association and workmanship of the residence.
Criterion 4: Resources that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
Criterion 4 is largely applied to archeological sites and, therefore, is not often pertinent to the evaluation of
historic architectural resources. In rare cases, however, a building or structure may contain important information
on building technologies, materials or construction methods that can only be obtained from the physical materials
contained within the building itself to address significant issues that cannot be adequately addressed through other
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forms of documentation. This building uses construction techniques and technologies common for the era in
which it was constructed that are well-documented in the literature and, therefore, does not appear to be eligible
under Criterion 4.
For the reasons outlined above on this form, it does not appear that the Fairway One House meets the criteria for
listing in the California Register because it lacks historical significance and integrity.
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Photographs:
Photograph 2: Main entrance to Fairway One House as it appeared in 1979.
Photograph 3: Main entrance showing 1988 modifications.
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Photographs:
Photograph 4: East entry on north elevation. Once a service entry, this now provides access to a suite.
Photograph 5: Garage and second story addition.
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Photographs:
Photograph 6: East Elevation showing
casement window and board and batten utility addition.
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Photographs:
Photograph 7:South elevation showing original
dining room to left, living room in the center, and edge of patio to the right.
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Photographs:
Photograph 8: Door leading from patio to interior corridor.
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Photographs:
Photograph 9: Porch Enclosure on South Elevation.
Photograph 10: Tri-part replacement window on bedroom at east side of south elevation.
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Photographs:
Photograph 11: Typical replacement bathroom window.
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Sketch Map:
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document - Monterey County

Transcription

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