Technical Summary Manual - Offshore Environmental Oils

Transcription

HDEOEP
High Density Environmental Oil
TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Issue 02: March 2015
Prepared by: D. Gleeson
[email protected]
www.offshore-oils.com
+44 (0)8452 967 751
Walter Leigh Way, Moss Industrial Estate,
Leigh, Lancashire, WN7 3PT, UK
1
HDEOEP High Density Environmental Oil Key Competitive Parameters
HDEOEP (Extreme Pressure) is our mainstream High Density Environmental Oil.
HDEOEP is a High Density Environmental Oil designed for applications where a specific gravity
greater than seawater is required, particularly in equipment with a heavy load distribution.
Typical applications include use as a displacement fluid in subsea valves and other applications
where displacement of seawater (or water) is desirable.
HDEOEP offers outstanding environmental properties and is OCNS E (with no substitutable
components) for UK discharge and a Yellow Y1 environmental classification for use in Norwegian
waters.
HDEOEP exhibits excellent corrosion protection, stability, microbiological protection, material
compatibility and all round technical performance. HDEOEP also offers acceptable freeze protection
and is insoluble in seawater/water.
HDEOEP offers excellent lubrication and anti-wear properties.
HDEOEP was specifically developed to offer acceptable compatibility with high quality
elastomers/seals commonly used in Subsea and Topside Control Systems.
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY
Issue No.
1
2
Revision
0
0
Issue Date
June 2012
March 2015
Authorised by
D. Gleeson
D. Gleeson
Position
R&D Manager
R&D Manager
Please note that this document is subject to revision on a regular basis. Please ensure you have
the latest revision before using this data in applications of a critical nature.
Certified ISO 9001-2008
Information given in this publication is
based on Technical Data gained in our
own and other laboratories and is
believed to be true. However, if the
material is used in conditions beyond
our control, we can assume no liability
for results obtained or damaged
incurred through the application of the
data present herein.
For the Development, Manufacture
and Supply of Speciality Chemicals
Certificate No: 2906
HDEOEP Summary Technical Manual
Offshore Environmental Oils Ltd.
1.0 PRODUCT OVERVIEW
2
1.0 Product Overview
2
2.0 Typical Physical Properties
4
2.1 Key Physical Properties Summary*
4
2.1.1 Physical Properties As A Function Of Pressure At 4 °C
5
2.2 Viscosity Versus Temperature Profile
5
2.3 Viscosity Versus Temperature Profile
6
2.4 Density Versus Temperature Profile
6
2.5 Viscosity Versus Pressure Profile @ 4 °C
7
2.6 Density Versus Pressure Profile @ 4 °C
7
2.7 Bulk Modulus Versus Pressure Profile @ 4 °C
8
2.8 Instantaneous Compressibility versus Pressure Profile @ 4 °C
8
2.9 Relative Volume Versus Pressure Profile @ 4 °C
9
3.0 Product Testing
9
3.1 Thermal Stability
9
3.2 Low Temperature Stability
10
3.3 Metal Compatibility
11
3.4 Compatibility with Actuator Spring Steel
12
3.5 Elastomer Compatibility
13
3.6 Compatibility with Control Fluids
14
3.7 Compatibility with Completion Fluids
16
3.8 Compatibility with Miscellaneous Operational Fluids
17
3.9 Fluid Lubricity and Wear
19
3.9.1 Shell One Hour 4 Ball Wear Test (IP 239)
19
3.9.2 Power Screw Testing
19
3.9.2.1 Power Screw Testing Results
19
3.9.2.2 Power Screw Rig Setup
19
3.9.2.3 Test Procedure
21
3.10 Bacterial & Fungal Resistance with Seawater
3.11 Compatibility of HDEO and HDEO
EP
3.12 Sea Water Compatibility Under Static Conditions
22
23
23
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3
2.1 KEY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SUMMARY*
Property
HDEOEP
Test Method
Viscosity (cSt)
@ -10 °C
8280
@ 0 °C
2805
@ 4 °C
-
@ 20 °C
630
@ 40 °C
182
@ 80 °C
36
Pour Point
-30 °C a
Minimum recommended operating
temperature
-10 °C a
ASTM D445
IP71
ISO 3104
IP15
Specific Gravity (gcm-3)
0
1.080
20
1.063
40
1.046
80
1.017
100
1.003
Appearance
Pale Yellow Liquid
Steel Corrosion
Pass
ASTM D665 Part A
Flash Point / °C
>200
ASTM D92 / IP36
19/17/14
ISO 4406
NAS 8
NAS 1638
8B/8C/8D/8E/8F
SAE AS4059
Mean Wear Scar
Diameter 0.623 mm
Symmetric Wear Scar
IP239/01, 1 hour test,
1475rpm rotation, 30 kgf load
Power screw testing
Cleanliness Level
(Minimum)
Shell 4 Ball Wear Test
Torque @3600 N
378
Solubility in Water
Insoluble
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
0.00077 1/°C
Bulk Modulus @ 4 °C, 1 Bara
1.09 (Nm-2 x 109)
Instantaneous Compressibility @ 4 °C, 1 Bara
91.6 (bar-1 x 10-6)
IP365
Whilst the pour point of HDEOEP is -30 °C, Offshore Environmental Oils recommends a minimum operating
temperature of -10 °C due to the rapid increase in viscosity upon cooling below -10 °C.
a
b
Shell 4 Ball, Bulk Modulus, Instantaneous Compressibility and Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion tests were
conducted by independent laboratories.
* Note the values reported here are typical values for HDEO EP only and do not constitute a product
specification.
2.0 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
4
The physical properties of HDEOEP as a function of pressure at 4 °C are tabulated below.
Pressure /
Bara
Relative
volume
Density /
gcm-3
Instantaneous Compressibility /
x 10-6 bar-1
Bulk Modulus /
x 109 N m2
Dynamic Viscosity
/ cP
1.1
1
1.0735
91.6
1.09
2819
35.5
0.9969
1.0769
59.5
1.68
2949
70
0.9948
1.0791
49.9
2.01
3178
138.9
0.9914
1.0828
44.3
2.26
3807
276.8
0.9854
1.0894
39.1
2.56
5539
414.7
0.9801
1.0953
37.4
2.67
7737
552.6
0.9751
1.1009
36.2
2.76
10307
690.5
0.9702
1.1064
35.5
2.82
13193
2.2 VISCOSITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE PROFILE
Viscosity vs Temperature Profile
-10 to 80 °C
9000
8000
7000
6000
Viscosity / cSt
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Temperature / °C
50
60
70
80
2.1.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE AT 4 °C
5
Viscosity vs Temperature Profile
20 to 80 °C
700
600
Viscosity / cSt
500
400
300
200
100
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Temperature / °C
2.4 DENSITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE PROFILE
Density vs Pressure Profile
1.11
1.105
1.1
1.095
1.09
1.085
1.08
1.075
1.07
0
100
200
300
400
Pressure / Bara
500
600
700
800
Density / gcm-3
2.3 VISCOSITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE PROFILE
6
Dynamic Viscosity Profile
14000
Dynamic Viscosity / cP
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Pressure / Bara
2.6 DENSITY VERSUS PRESSURE PROFILE @ 4 °C
Density vs Pressure Profile
1.11
1.105
1.1
1.095
1.09
1.085
1.08
1.075
1.07
0
100
200
300
400
Pressure / Bara
500
600
700
800
Density / gcm-3
2.5 VISCOSITY VERSUS PRESSURE PROFILE @ 4 °C
7
Bulk Modulus vs Pressure Profile
3
2.8
Bulk Modulus / x 109 N m2
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Pressure / Bara
2.8 INSTANTANEOUS COMPRESSIBILITY VERSUS PRESSURE PROFILE @ 4 °C
Instantaneous Compressibility vs Pressure Profle
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
0
100
200
300
400
Pressure / Bara
500
600
700
800
Instantaneous Compressibility / x 10-6 bar-1
2.7 BULK MODULUS VERSUS PRESSURE PROFILE @ 4 °C
8
Relative Volume vs Pressure Profile
1.005
1.000
0.995
Relative Volume
0.990
0.985
0.980
0.975
0.970
0.965
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Pressure / Bara
3.0 PRODUCT TESTING
3.1 THERMAL STABILITY
HDEOEP has undergone accelerated aging testing based on the procedures laid out in ISO 13628-6
(2006) and shows only minor changes to its physical properties after aging at 70 °C for 12 months.
Fluid
Initial Appearance
Aged 12 months at 70 °C
Clear, yellow liquid, free from
visible contamination
Clear, yellow liquid, free from
visible contamination
Appearance of
Fluid
Testing at higher temperatures shows only slight changes in appearance after aging at 120 °C, the
change seen in appearance is due to the lubricant and is purely cosmetic and does not affect the
technical performance of the fluid. Indeed, the lubricant additive is thermally stable to > 200 °C.
2.9 RELATIVE VOLUME VERSUS PRESSURE PROFILE @ 4 °C
9
Fluid
Initial Appearance
Aged 12 months at 120 °C
Clear, yellow liquid, free
from visible
contamination
Clear orange liquid, free
from visible
contamination
Appearance of
Fluid
3.2 LOW TEMPERATURE STABILITY
HDEOEP has undergone low temperature stability testing based on the procedures laid out in ISO
13628-6 (2006), with HDEOEP remaining visually unchanged after aging at 5 °C and -25 °C for 24
months.
Fluid
Initial Appearance
Aged Appearance
Clear, pale yellow /yellow
liquid, free from visible
contamination
contamination
contamination
contamination
Aged at 5 °C
for 24 months
Aged at -25 °C
for 6 months
Minimum.
HDEOEP has also been tested at temperatures of -50 °C which is well below the pour point of these
materials for 6 months and has remained visually unchanged.
HDEOEP Aged 12 months at 120 °C
10
The compatibility of HDEOEP with a wide range of metals has been extensively tested based on the
procedures laid out in ISO 13628-6 (2006) at either 70°C or 120°C for 12 weeks.
Metals aged at 70 °C for 12 weeks
Metal
17-4-PH (UNS S17400)
AISI 410
AISI 420
AISI 440C
AISI 1040
AISI 4130
AISI 4140
AISI 4340
AISI 6150
A182 F51 Super Duplex UNS S31803/A890 Gr4A
A182 F55 Super Duplex (UNS 32760)
A350 LF2 / A352-LCB Carbon steel
ALCNC10
Aluminium Bronze UNS C63000
Aluminium Bronze HM9483
Aluminium Bronze ASTM B148-C95500 (G-CuAl11Fe4 UNI 5275)
Becol 25 (UNS C17200)
Copper
Carbon Steel UNS K20401
DGS 1043
Duplex 9490
Electroless Plated Nickel
Elgiloy
Inconel 400
Inconel K500
Inconel 625
Inconel 718
Inconel 718 Silver Coated
Inconel 725 Silver Coated
Inconel 725 GV50H
Inconel 825
Mild Steel Plate
MP35N
Nitronic 50
Phosphor Bronze (PB102)
Silicon Nitride
Stainless Steel Grade 304
Stainless Steel Grade 316 TI
Stainless Steel Grade 416S
Stainless Steel 431
Super Duplex AM8831
Titanium
Toughmet 3 AT110 (UNS C72900)
Tungsten Carbide with 10% Nickel Binder
Zirconia
Zinc Plated Steel
Metal test piece
to ISO 13628-6
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Appearance of Fluid
to ISO 13628-6
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Corrosion rate (µm per
annum) to ISO 13628-6
-0.30
-0.43
0.06
-0.29
-0.51
0.86
-0.07
0.30
-0.34
0.01
0.06
0.14
-0.28
-0.10
-0.30
-0.30
0.19
0.54
0.02
-0.27
-0.23
0.09
2.55
-0.39
-0.13
-0.34
-0.12
0.89
2.10
-0.05
-0.02
0.06
-0.06
0.00
-0.10
0.00
-0.10
-0.10
0.06
0.50
-0.05
-0.30
-0.54
-0.96
-0.57
0.56
0.50
3.3 METAL COMPATIBILITY
11
Metal
ASTM A 182 F55 UNSS32760
ASTM A182 F51 UNS S31803
Metal test piece
to ISO 13628-6
Pass
Pass
Pass
Appearance of Fluid
to ISO 13628-6
Pass
Pass
Pass
Corrosion rate (µm per
annum) to ISO 13628-6
0.28
0.37
0.28
In addition, a range of Xylan coated metal pieces have been extensively tested based on the
procedures laid out in ISO 13628-6 (2006) at 40 °C for 12 weeks.
Xylan Coatings aged at 40 °C for 12 weeks.
Coating
Xylan 1014
Xylan 1052
Xylan 1052
Xylan 1212
Xylan 1213
Xylan 1400
Xylan 1420
Xylan 1424
Test piece to ISO
13628-6
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Appearance of Fluid to
ISO 13628-6
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
3.4 COMPATIBILITY WITH ACTUATOR SPRING STEEL
The compatibility of HDEOEP with actuator spring material
and the potential to form hydrogen (potentially giving
hydrogen embrittlement issues) has been undertaken.
Briefly, HDEOEP was degassed at 60 °C prior to the start of the
test. A piece of the coated spring material was then
immersed in the fluid, covered with a funnel and any gasses
evolved collected in a micro centrifuge tube and vials as
shown below.
After 20 months aging at 60 °C HDEOEP shows no evolution
of gas.
It should be noted that the actuator spring steel tested was
selected from material available in-house and is not meant
to represent an official qualification.
Metals aged at 120 °C for 12 weeks.
12
HDEOEP has been shown to be compatible with a range of elastomers in accordance with testing
based on the procedures laid out in ISO 13628-6 (2006). A summary of the elastomers which are
known to be compatible with HDEOEP is given below.
Elastomer
Acetal
Acrylic
AFLAS
Ecoflon 4 (25% Carbon Filled PTFE)
Elast-o-lion 101 (HNBR)
FKM FR58/90
FKM V70GA
FKM V75J
FKM V1238-95
HNBR N4007-90
Hytrel 5556
Hytrel 6356
Hytrel 7246
Lexan Margard (Polycarbonate)
Nitrile N107-90
Nitrile N299-50
Nitrile N552-90
Nitrile N674-70
Nitrile N702-90
Nitrile N7023
Nitrile N1059-90
Nitrile N9002-90
Nitrile NB107-90
Nylon 6
Nylon 6.6
PEEK (450G Victrex)
PEEK 30% Carbon Filled
Polypropylene
PTFE
Silicone
Turcon T05
Turcon M12
Turcon T12
Turcon T42
UHMWPE
Viton V747 (Parker)
Zurcon Z43
Zurcon Z80
Fluid
Appearance
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Median Swell
Change %
0.16
-0.22
0.05
0.07
2.49
0.11
0.93
0.86
0.72
1.49
1.54
0.43
0.67
1.82
4.69
7.51
2.07
1.51
3.89
5.89
5.12
3.71
4.69
0.31
5.78
1.91
0.58
1.00
0.06
1.01
0.11
-0.02
-0.17
0.13
5.61
0.07
0.02
-1-11
Median change of
Shore Hardness %
2.94
-0.44
2.81
4.37
6.12
2.87
7.27
7.25
5.14
6.10
7.14
0.00
2.94
3.27
9.02
8.00
6.88
7.27
8.16
5.58
8.13
6.17
9.02
3.76
7.54
0.45
0.90
6.50
0.00
6.22
3.64
5.84
1.16
2.44
1.83
3.38
0.46
2.41
Overall
ISO 13628-6
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
3.5 ELASTOMER COMPATIBILITY
13
Extensive compatibility studies based on the procedures laid out in ISO 13628-6 (2006) have been
undertaken. Briefly mixtures of HDEOEP: Production Control Fluids in the volume/volume ratios
90:10, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 10:90 were aged at 5, 20 and 70 °C for 4 weeks.
The following water / glycol product control fluids were tested with HDEOEP and showed a hazy
appearance after 4 weeks, as expected when mixing water / glycol and non-aqueous based fluids.





Pelagic 100
Pelagic 100 HC
Transaqua HT-2
Oceanic HW443
Oceanic HW740R
The following non aqueous fluids were tested with HDEOEP.



Brayco Micronic SV/B – Both phases hazy and fully separated at ambient and 70 °C after 4
weeks. At 5 °C both phases were clear and bright and separated after 4 weeks.
Brayco Micronic SV/3 – Both phases fully separated at all temperatures. HDEOEP phase
slightly hazy at all temperatures, Brayco SV/3 clear at 5 and 20 °C, hazy at 70 °C.
CLEO – Single phase seen with a very slightly hazy appearance at 5, 20 and 70 °C.
The appearance of the fluid mixtures after 4 weeks aging at 4, 20 and 70 °C are shown overleaf.
3.6 COMPATIBILITY WITH CONTROL FLUIDS
14
Fluid
4 °C
20 °C
70 °C
Pelagic
100
Pelagic
100 HC
Transaqua
HT-2
Oceanic
HW443
Oceanic
HW740R
Mixing ratios left to right :- 90/10; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75; 10/90 HDEO EP : Fluid under test.
HDEO EP Compatibility with Non-Aqueous Production Control Fluids after 4 weeks aging.
Fluid
4 °C
20 °C
70 °C
CLEO
Brayco
Micronic
SV/B
Brayco
Micronic
SV/3
Mixing ratios left to right :- 90/10; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75; 10/90 Fluid under test : HDEO EP
HDEO EP Compatibility with Water Based Production Control Fluids after 4 weeks aging.
15
Extensive compatibility studies based on the procedures laid out in ISO 13628-6 (2006) specification
has been undertaken. Briefly mixtures of HDEOEP : Completion Fluids in the volume/volume ratios
99.5:0.5, 99:1, 98:2, 95:5 and 90:10 were aged at 5 and 20 °C for 4 weeks. The fluids were assessed
visually after 1h, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. The mixtures assessed both before
and after shaking at each of the interim time periods.
The following completion fluids we tested: Calcium chloride
 Calcium bromide brine
 Zinc bromide brine
 Potassium formate brine
 Caesium formate brine
In all cases, two hazy phases were observed for all mixtures as would be expected.
Fluid
4 °C
20 °C
Calcium
Chloride
Brine
Calcium
Bromide
Brine
Zinc
Bromide
Brine
Potassium
Formate
Brine
Caesium
Formate
Brine
3.7 COMPATIBILITY WITH COMPLETION FLUIDS
16
Extensive compatibility studies based on the procedures laid out in ISO 13628-6 (2006) Specification
has been undertaken. Briefly mixtures of HDEOEP were mixed with the following fluids at the listed
ratios and aged for 4 week at 5 and 20 °C.
 Concentrated (35%) Hydrochloric acid 99.5:0.5, 99:1, 98:2. 95:5, 90:10
 Methanol 95:5, 90:10, 75:25 and 50:50
 Silicon Oil 99:1
 Mono Ethylene Glycol 100 and 1000 ppm (by weight) MEG
The Hydrochloric acid samples were typically hazy, with solids seen on aging particularly at the
higher concentrations of acid after 4 weeks.
All methanol samples remained clear and bright, single phase at all temperatures and ratios
throughout the 4 week test.
Silicon Oil containing samples, were hazy when mixed and remained unchanged at all temperatures
MEG samples gave a very slight haze on initial mixing, and remained unchanged at all temperatures
The appearance of the fluids after aging for 4 weeks are shown below and overleaf.
Aging
Temperature
90 : 10
HDEOEP : Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid ratio (%v/v)
95 : 5
98 : 2
99 : 1
99.5 : 0.5
5 °C
20 °C
3.8 COMPATIBILITY WITH MISCELLANEOUS OPERATIONAL FLUIDS
17
95 : 5
Mixture HDEOEP : Methanol (% v/v)
90 : 10
75 : 25
50 : 50
5 °C
20 °C
100 ppm Mono Ethylene Glycol
5 °C
20 °C
1000 ppm Mono Ethylene Glycol
5 °C
20 °C
1 HDEOEP : 99 Silicon Oil
5 °C
20 °C
Aging
Temperature
18
HDEOEP has excellent Extreme Pressure lubrication properties and was especially developed for
equipment and applications requiring a heavy load distribution.
3.9.1 SHELL ONE HOUR 4 BALL WEAR TEST (IP 239)
The 1 hour 4 ball wear test was undertaken in accordance with ISO 13628-6 (2006) by an
independent laboratory. The results obtained for the one-hour wear tests at 30 kg load at 1475 (+/25) rpm are shown below and the mean wear scar diameters measured are less than the acceptance
criteria of 1.2 mm.
Lubricant
HDEOEP
Scar
Scar
Scar
Scar
Scar
Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter
Rubbing Right Angle Rubbing Right Angle Rubbing
Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction
Ball 1 (mm) Ball 1 (mm) Ball 2 (mm) Ball 2 (mm) Ball 3 (mm)
0.64
0.62
0.62
0.64
0.60
Scar
Average Scar
Diameter
Diameter
Comments
Right Angle
MWSD (mm)
Direction
Ball 3 (mm)
0.62
0.623
Symmetric Wear Scars
3.9.2 POWER SCREW TESTING
ESR Technology’s National Centre of Tribology (NCT) constructed a specialist test rig, to carry out a
series of lubricants developed for power screw applications.
3.9.2.1 POWER SCREW TESTING RESULTS
The results for the Power Screw testing at different loads are tabulated below.
Parameter
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Average Torque
Standard Deviation
900 N Load
107.1
106.3
102.8
105.4
2.3
3600 N Load
376.9
377.8
378
377.57
0.6
3.9.2.2 POWER SCREW RIG SETUP
ESR Technology’s National Centre of Tribology (NCT) constructed a test rig, consisting of a standard
screw jack mounted in a loading frame, to carry out a series of comparative lubricant tests on fluids
used and developed for power screws.
One side of the power jack gearbox input shaft was connected to a rotary hydraulic motor via a
flexible coupling to provide motive power for the tests. The torque cell reacts against a cross beam
onto which either dead weights or a hydraulic cylinder acted through a calibrated load cell to
provide the screw/nut loading.
The major components of the power screw test rig are shown below and overleaf.
3.9 FLUID LUBRICITY AND WEAR
19
Loading Frame
Calibrated Load Cell
Cross Head to Apply
Load
Torque Cell with fluid
holder and screw nut
mounted onto
underside
Power Jack Screw
Thread
Rotary Hydraulic Motor
Power Jack Gear Box
Hydraulic Ram
20
Torque cell
Screw
Nut
Gearbox
Power screw thread
3.9.2.3 TEST PROCEDURE
Square wave constant velocity motion of the nut up and down the screw was used. The output of
the torque cell was then recorded together with time, position and load signals from the software
in the digital controller for each stage of testing on the fluids.
Multiple tests per fluid were carried out until only a small variation in the torque result was
determined for 3 sequential tests. Each set of test data was then analysed to produce a mean
torque during each interval of testing.
Examples of the torque traces produced and the mean torque levels determined for fluids of
interest at the various levels of load are shown below.
800
600
400
0
Series1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-200
-400
-600
-800
The standard deviation on the torque levels calculated can be seen to small and indicative of the
level of repeatability that is obtainable between subsequent tests.
200
21
Bacterial and Fungal resistance was tested by mixing HDEOEP with synthetic seawater (prepared to
ASTM D1141-98) at a ratio of 50:50 v/v, with mixture aged at ambient and/ or 40 °C with
uncontaminated sea water. The results are tabulated below.
Bacterial and Fungal resistance of fluids with sea water
Aging time / Weeks
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
HDEOEP
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Sea Water
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
103 mould
104 mould
104 mould
104 mould
104 mould
104 mould
No bacterial or contamination has been found to date when mixing HDEOEP with uncontaminated
sea water. Extensive mould is formed in the sea water sample aged in the absence of any
displacement fluids. This suggests that HDEOEP does not support or promote the growth of bacteria
or fungi in the presence of sea water.
Microbial Plates for fluids after aging at 40 °C
HDEOEP – 40 °C
12 weeks
Sea Water Alone
12 weeks
No bacteria detected
104 Bacteria
No mould detected
104 Bacteria
Bacteria
Mould
3.10 BACTERIAL & FUNGAL RESISTANCE WITH SEAWATER
22
Mixtures of HDEO and HDEOEP have been aged at 4 and 70 °C for 6 months and have shown to be
compatible under these conditions.
Aging time
HDEO and HDEOEP
Mixture aged at 4 °C
Mixture aged at 70 °C
1 month
Single phase clear and bright yellow Fluid
2 months
3 months
6 months
The results clearly show that at both temperatures HDEO and HDEOEP are completely miscible giving
a single phase. No deposit formation or incompatibilities have been observed.
3.12 SEA WATER COMPATIBILITY UNDER STATIC CONDITIONS
Static testing of HDEOEP with 5 and 10% Sea water at 5, 20 and 70 °C for up to 3 months has been
undertaken and the results reported below.
In all tests conducted all fluids yielded similar/identical results.
HDEOEP with 5% sea water at different temperatures
Aging
Temp /
°C
N/A
5
5
5
5
20
20
20
20
75
75
75
Aging
Time /
weeks
N/A
1
2
4
12
1
2
4
12
1
2
4
Appearance
Two distinct phases, clear sea water floating on surface of yellow coloured HDEOEP
Two distinct phases, clear sea water floating on surface of yellow coloured HDEOEP with very fine flocculation
Two distinct phases, clear sea water floating on surface of yellow coloured HDEOEP with very fine flocculation.
Two distinct phases, clear sea water floating on surface of hazy, yellow coloured HDEOEP
HDEOEP with 10% sea water at different temperatures
Aging
Temp/
°C
N/A
5
5
5
5
20
20
20
20
75
75
75
75
Aging
Time /
weeks
N/A
1
2
4
12
1
2
4
12
1
2
4
12
Appearance
Two distinct phases, clear sea water floating on surface of hazy, yellow coloured HDEOEP
3.11 COMPATIBILITY OF HDEO AND HDEOEP
23
Further testing to evaluate the separation of HDEOEP and sea water as a function of time and
temperature was undertaken as follows. HDEOEP (70 ml) and sea water made to ASTM D1141-98
(30ml) were added to a stoppered, glass measuring cylinder after being preheated to the relevant
temperature. The mixtures were then aged at 4, ambient and 60 °C, and monitored weekly for
appearance.
After 2 weeks aging, all the fluids remained completely separate, with both phases clear and bright
at all temperatures. After 3 weeks aging, the 4 °C and ambient samples remain separate, with both
phases clear and bright. At 60 °C, the phases are still fully separated, however the HDEOEP phase
has a cloudy appearance. The detailed results are presented below.
Sea Water Testing – Cylinders Appearance
Aging
Time
2
weeks
3
weeks
1
month
Fluid
HDEO
EP
HDEO EP
HDEO EP
4 °C
Both phases clear & bright,
complete separation
complete separation
complete separation
Aging Temperature
Ambient
complete separation
complete separation
complete separation
60 °C
complete separation
HDEO EP slight hazy, sea water
clear and bright
HDEO EP slight hazy, sea water
clear and bright
The appearance of fluids after 1 months aging at the different temperatures is shown below.
4 °C
Aging Temperature
20 °C
Both layers fully separated, clear and
bright in appearance.
Both layers fully separated, clear and
bright in appearance.
60 °C
Both layers remain separated, water
layer is clear and bright, HDEOEP layer is
hazy in appearance.
Sea Water Testing – Cylinders Appearance
24

Technical Summary Manual - Offshore Environmental Oils

Transcription

Similar documents

Automatic Transmission Fluid Protectant

quinsyn® plus quinsyn® xp quinsyn® pg quinsyn® f

oil flyer 22.qxp - Cen-Pe-Co

Son of Putin ally has £35m London house

Novel Phases for HPLC Separa t i o n s

Community Care Services Program

Farmessentials

S-3 Oil Flyer - Cen-Pe-Co

The Chopra Center presents 7 Steps to Radical Wellbeing by

BCLC the new age of gaming

SE Regional Offshore Wind Stakeholder Engagement

Technology and Innovation in Offshore Renewables

mhcanh kafe - Obchody 24 sro

The Permutations of Thailand`s “Floating Markets”

chapter 8 paragenesis, formation conditions, and fluid inclusion

Clinician`s Resource Paper

intergenerational solidarity and older adults education in community

Work Smarter Join NISC

seniors 03-04.qxd - Anne Arundel County

M - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

- MIT Comparative Media Studies/Writing