Study - ENG - Magyarország-Románia Határon Átnyúló

Transcription

STUDY
MEDIA-TOOLBOX
HURO 1001/122/1.2.3.
www.huro-cbc.eu, www.hungary-romania-cbc.eu
The content of this document does not necessarily represent the official position of the
European Union
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.
Introduction. Presentation of the project’s goals
2.
Detailed introduction of project partners
3.
Introduction
of
the
localy
available
media
possibilities of both countries
4.
Cooperation experience and possibilities in the
field of media in both countries
5.
Further education and working possibilities for
young media professionals in both countries
6.
Practical information related to the profession
7.
Summary
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Chapter I.
INTRODUCTION. PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT’S
GOALS
I The Project Title
“Integrated media tools and training conditions for the
county
seats
-
development
and
implementation”
(HURO/1001/122/1.2.3.)
“Integrált média eszköztár és képzési feltételek kidolgozása
és
megvalósítása
megyeszékhelyek
között”
(HURO/1001/122/1.2.3.)
II. Partners
Leading Partner – Város-Kép Nonprofit Ltd. (HU)
Project Partner – Satu Mare Municipality (RO)
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III. Brief description of the project
The Város-Kép Nonprofit Ltd. and the Municipality of Satu
Mare won EU subsidy within the frame of the HU-RO,
Hungary-Romania Cross-Border Co-Operation Programme for
a common, cross-border media cooperation. During the
lifetime of the project Romanian and Hungarian radio
programmes,
press
publications
and
TV
magazine
programmes are published. These programmes are about the
economical, cultural and social information concerning the
people of the two towns, Nyíregyháza and Satu Mare,
offering a view about the social surroundings of the other
one. This study is is the result of the work introducing the
methods of the cooperation between the partners and their
possible extensions.
The most important part of the common EU project is a
communication-media camp and competition for the up
growing generation. Hungarian and Romanian young people
– between 17 and 25 – with English knowledge could
compete in categories of photo report, report film or
journalism category. After evaulating the works and choosing
the winners 6-6 young media workers from both countries
had the chance to take part in a week-long camp in Satu
Mare and Nyíregyháza where they could gather professional
knowledge. After the media competition and the camp the
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possibility to be a trainee for one month at the Nyíregyháza
Television and Nyíregyháza Napló is offered for one talented
young.
The aim of the activity is to help the cooperation of the
would-be young reporters and journalists. Our goal is to
produce a regular media conception and product that is
available for anyone in the county and can transfer the
common local news that might not appear on the national
level
effectively
towards
the
population.
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IV. The compound of the financial resource and its
distribution between the partners
ERFA
PARTNER
+
DOMESTIC
SOURCE
Város-Kép
Nonprofit Ltd.
Municipality
Satu Mare
Sum
of
SELFFINANCING
SUM
127.077,70
6.688,30
133.766,00
33.063,00
675,00
33.738,00
160.140,70
7.363,30
167.504,00
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Chapter II.
DETALIED INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT PARTNERS
1. The A Város-Kép Supplying Nonprofit Ltd.
The enterprise came into being in 1, July, 1996 by the
integration of the 21-year-old Town Television and Napló and
other marketing activities concerning the town. The owner of
the Ltd. is the local government. The Ltd. runs the official
website of the town, publishes the Nyíregyháza Napló weekly
journal and also runs the Nyíregyháza Television with the
related websites.
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1. The main data of the company
The name of the company: Város-Kép Supplying Nonprofit
Ltd.
Shorten name: Város-Kép Nonprofit Ltd.
Seat: 9, Szabadság tér, Nyíregyháza, 4400
Postal address: 9, Szabadság tér, Nyíregyháza, 4400
Phone number: 06-42/411-883
Telefax number: 06-42/411-826
Date of formation: 01 July, 1996
The company is a nonprofit limited company.
The founder of the company: The Town of Nyíregyháza With
County Rights
Representative: The Mayor of the Town of Nyíregyháza
The seat of the founder: 1, Kossuth tér, Nyíregyháza
The company is a legal entity. Under its name it may obtain
rights
and
undertake
commitments,
may
enter
into
contracts, may acquire property and may be actionable.
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2. The legal status of the company
The company pursues cultural activities designed to address
the common interests of the society and the invidiual as
described in the CLXXV/2011 law about the non-profit status
and the operation and support of civil society organisations.
The company conducts business activities in order to achieve
public goals. The company does not perform direct political
activities, it is independent from political parties and does not
provide financial support to them.
The founder of the company
All the rights that the law refers to the competence of the
founder are exercised by Nyíregyháza County Town.
The Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board is appointed to monitor the company
and solely subordinated to the Founder. It supervises the
lawful and efficient administration process in accordance with
the owner’s interest. The Company has a three-member
supervisory board.
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The Auditor
The Auditor is appointed to ensure the legal protection of the
shareholder and creditor interest. Within the Company the
Auditor officer is subordinated only to the Founder.
The leader of the Company is the Executive Director
The Executive Director carries out his duties, exercises the
powers and bears the responsibilities under the Companies
Act and other legislations, the articles of incorporation,
organizational and operational policies and other internal
regulations of the company.
The Executive Director manages the daily work of the
company and supervises if necessary.
The Secretariat
The Secretariat directly facilitates the Executive’s work,
directs and controls the activities of the subordinate staff.
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The Financial Management
The Financial Management performs its duties under the
management and supervision of the Financial Manager. Areas
under the control of the Financial Management:
1. Accounting and Finance
2. Human Resources
3. Project Office
The Main Editorial
The Chief Editor is the professional deputy of the Executive
Manager. Under the direction of the Main Editorial the
followings are included:
1.
Nyíregyháza Television
2.
Nyíregyháza Napló
3.
On-line Office
The Nyíregyháza Television
The more than a quarter of a century old Nyíregyháza
Television can be characterised by an outstanding team of
professionals and experience.
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It produces daily news and themed magazine shows, debate
interviews and on regular basis it prepares reports to the
national channels as well. The daily News produced by the
Television has a very high audience because of the locality
and the local issues.
The Nyíregyháza Television started its operation as one of
the first local televisions in May 1985. The broadcasts were
previously only seen in the town’s cable network, but from
the mid-90s the broadcasts have been shown in the
reception area of the town at the same time. The Television
can be received on channel 54 but the programmes can be
received on several town cable systems.
Taking into consideration the technical equipment, staff
number, radiation area and viewership of the Nyíregyháza
Television, it belongs to the biggest local televisions of the
country. It has got a line of significant recognition from the
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past decades, several Local Value Awards and the Camera
Hungaria Award.
The media broadcasting service is 24 hours daily from which
9,5 hours public service programmes (including repetitions).
The staff is primarily responsible for producing daily news,
live public shows, thematic magazines.
The television has a wide variety of magazine programmes,
from cultural, consumer, computing, fashion and motoring
magazine to environmental magazine. The staff of Város-Kép
Nonprofit Ltd. deal with news editing, magazine publishing,
town marketing and webpage editing beside the television
work.
The Television is involved in the national bloodstream as a
producer. The Television is the authorized producing partner
of the Media Service Support and Asset Management Fund
but for decades the company has been producing reports on
regular bases for the RTL Klub and Sport TV.
The
Nyíregyháza
Television
continuously
informs
the
population of the county seat about the most important
news, events, happenings and describes and announces the
public, cultural and sporting events of the current period.
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Departments of the Nyíregyháza Television:
-
Editorial
The editors and the presenters execute their duties on the
bases of the instructions from the chief editor. They produce
interviews, reports, magazines and sport programmes in
accordance with the program plan.
Beside the reporter and the editor work they perform
presenters’ tasks. They take part in press conferences, edit
and anchor programmes.
The editors and the presenters perform organisation tasks as
well, they fix dates with the interviewees for the production
and the shootings.
The editors and the presenters discuss and authorize the
planned programmes and reports with the chief editor. The
completed
video
and
audio
materials
as
well
as
the
associated scripts are handed over to the chief editor and the
production department also have to be informed.
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The program may be broadcasted only after the chief editor
has seen it. The editors transfer the materials on-line to the
Nyíregyháza Napló and the On-line Office for further use.
-
Production
The production control managers review and supervise the
work of the technical staff of the television (cameramen,
editors, technicians).
The production control managers under the instructions of
the chief editor organise the program schedule of the daily
shootings ,cuttings and recordings and make the next week
schedule easily available for everyone in the television as
well as upload it on the intranet. They production control
managers keep an eye on the production process and do the
related dispatcher and logistics tasks.
The production control managers collect, watch, control the
broadcast materials and prepare them for the broadcasting,
they continuously document the broadcasting, record and
store the cassettes and cards and they also select and back
up the program elements.
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In case of outdoor shootings the production control managers
define the technical parameters and consult with the people
concerned.
The production control managers have to inform the National
Media and Infocommunications Authority on a weekly basis
and have to send the necessary data (advertising, MAHASZ,
etc.) for the annual statistics report. The production control
managers
are
responsible
for
the
editing
of
the
advertisements in the requested program time and they are
also responsible for the transmission security.
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The Nyíregyházi Napló
Based on the results of the regular public opinion research
the Nyíregyháza Napló is the primary information source of
the local people: the population of the county seat is
informed mainly from this newspaper about the local events.
With its 54.000 copies the Nyíregyháza Napló as the official
weekly paper of the town continuously inform the inhabitants
of
the
county
seat
about
the
necessary
information,
introduces the following week’s social, cultural and sport
events and reports the events of the previous week. Beside,
it publishes the events and the advertisements of county
town of Nyíregyháza and the advertisements of other
”market”
partners.
The
dissemination
range
of
the
Nyíregyháza Napló is the whole population of the county
seat.
The newspaper reaches the family-households via postboxes. The Nyíregyháza Napló is printed in A/3 format, on 16
pages with 4+4 colour printing. The Nyíregyháza Napló
reaches the population at least 44 times a year.
The editor-in-chief coordinates with the managing editor the
weekly tasks on the weekly starting meeting. The managing
editor introduces the topics proposed, the deadlines of the
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work to be performed, the page number of the actual issue,
page layout and these have to be approved by the editor-inchief.
The managing editor prepares and processes the topics
proposed, assign the reporters to the tasks (if the journalists
positions are taken), consults with the editors of the
Nyíregyháza Television about the already processed topics
and if it is necessary, transforms them into written form. The
managing editor describes the themes that should be
prepared to the photo reporter
The managing editor constantly coordinates with the sales
manager concerning the advertising space sold.
The photo journalist makes the photos for the materials
requested and the responsible editor selects the ones for
publishing.
The layout editors are responsible for sending the newspaper
for printing. The necessary corrections are done by the
congealer.
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The subcontractor responsible for the printing delivers the
ordered number of copies to the distribution site of the
subcontractor responsible for the distribution.
The On-Line Office
The office is responsible for the following activities: editing
the
teletext,
editing
nyiregyhazitv.hu
the
websites
www.nyiregyhaza.hu
and
selling
the
and
the
billboard
advertising space.
The teletext service of the Nyíregyháza Television is available
after the edited broadcast time, from the end of the evening
program till the following day morning and from noon till the
beginning of the evening program. The teletext informs the
inhabitants
of
the
county
seat
about
the
necessary
information and shows news, programs and advertisements.
The teletext is an obligatory non-stop service that is
continuously updated with news and program guides.
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-
Teletext
The main task of the teletext editor is the constant
coordination with the editor-in-chief about the daily news.
Beside, the editor of the teletext exchanges information with
the editors of the Nyíregyháza Television about the already
processed topics and if it is necessary transforms the
materials for the teletext appearance.
The teletext editor constantly coordinates with the sales
manager concerning the advertising space sold.
-
www.nyiregyhaza.hu
The www.nyiregyhaza.hu, as the official website of the town
informs the inhabitants of the county seat about the most
important news, social, cultural and sport events and
proccesses the daily news as well. It publishes the news and
advertisements of the county town of Nyíregyháza and its
partners. The www.nyiregyhaza.hu is available 24 hours a
day.
The website editor constantly collates information and gets
authorization from the editor-in-chief about the uploaded
daily news. Several times a day the website editor collects
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the information which need to be published from the
managing editor of the Nyíregyháza Napló, photojournalists,
the editors of the Nyíregyháza Television and from the sales
manager and after editing make them available on-line.
The website editor continuously collects the information
about the everyday life of the town from the editors and
newspaper and after the approval of the editor-in-chief
uploads them on the website.
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Production
Editorial
Nyíregyházi
Napló
Editorial
Nyíregyházi
Television
Main
editorial
Supervisory
Board
Editorial
On-line Office
Executive
Director
OWNER
Financing,
Accounting, HR
Project
Office
Financial
Management
Secretariat
Auditor
Structural organisation:
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2. Satu Mare Municipality
. Satu Mare is a county town, the county seat of Szatmár
county, is located at the banks of the River Szamos, 8 kms
from the Romanian-Hungarian border and the Pete border
crossing point.
Beside the roads and rail route Satu Mare can be accessed
via air route since at the South part of the town an airport
can be found.
Administratively Szatmárzsadány and Körtvélyes are also
belong to Satu Mare.
According to the latest census from 2002, the city of Satu
Mare has a population of 115.142 inhabitants. The structure
based on nationality is presented as follows: Romanians
(66.638), Hungarians (45.287), Roma (1.115), Germans
(1.110), Swabians (487), Ukrainians (271), Jews (30),
Italians (25), Chinese (14), Serbians (13), Russians (12),
Slovakians (12), Szeklers (11), Saxons (10), Turks (10),
Ruthenian (8). Other (89)
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From a religious point of view, the population is divided into:
Orthodox (55.956), Protestants (22.475), Roman-Catholics
(22.790), Greek-Catholics (9.688), Pentecostals (1.619),
Jehova's Witnesses (954), Baptists (590), Seventh-Day
Adventists (342), undeclared religion (127), Atheists (106),
Muslims (40), Mozaics (38), Other (417).
One in five inhabitants is a recipient of the Educational
System, which includes 34 kindergartens, 16 high schools,
16 colleges and technical schools. Higher education is
represented by a branch of Babes-Bolyai University in Cluj,
as well as by one from Vasile Goldis University in Arad. Also
worth mentioning is the fact that many high-school and
college students are thought Hungarian or German.
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The Health System is formed of a network of 4 Hospitals, 5
Polyclinics, as well as a growing number of Private Medical
Practices.
In Satu Mare the public administration is made up from
territorial units and follows the principle of decentralization of
the local autonomy and public services. The local autonomy
applies to the management of the legal resources of the town
and organisation, operation, competences and scope of
authority. In order to ensure local autonomy the local
authorities have the right to levy local taxes and dues and by
following the requirements of the law prepare and approve
the villages, towns and county revenues and expenditures of
the respective budgets.
The mayor, the deputy mayor, the town secretary, the city
council’s own local staff and the public services together form
the Mayor’s office of the town. It is a public institution with
permanent activity. It enforces the execution of orders of the
President of Romania and the Government, the local council,
the
county
council,
the
Ministries
and
other
central
administrative authorities, helps solving the actual problems
of
the
community
and
ensures
the
respect
of
the
fundamental freedom rights of the citizens.
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The mayor exercises the executive power in the public
administration thus the local autonomy of the town can be
achieved. The mayor ensures the respect of the fundamental
freedom rights of the citizens and the execution of orders of
the President of Romania and the Government, the local
council, the county council, the Ministries and other central
administrative authorities. Beside, the mayor exercises the
rights of the main paymaster.
The deputy majors are elected by the local town council and
they carry out functions on behalf of the mayor.
The city secretary is a public service official in executive
function, is subordinated to the mayor and enjoys a stable
function. The city secretary does duties assigned by the
mayor or the local town council. The local town council’s own
apparatus
consits
of
public
officials
and
staff
of
the
directories, offices and departments.
These public officials and the staff together constitute the
Mayor’s Office that operates in accordance with the laws.
government decrees and the resolutions of the town council.
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Administration structure of Satu Mare Town Hall
1. Legal Department, archives
The main activity of the service is the representation of the
local administrative authority in any type of court.
This means handing in papers, appeals justifications and
claims to the court. At the same time it represents the town
by the mayor in front of the legalistic authorities.
2. Guardianship office
It is mainly responsible for issuing decisions about moving
minors and patients under guardianship, issuing decisions
about moving minors, patients or elderly under trusteeship,
assigning the chaffer of goods of minors and patients and the
appointment of trustee for succession cases.
3. The main architect
The main architect harmonises the urban planning permits
and the construction permits by taking into consideration the
General
Urban
Development
Plan
and
the
associated
regulations and other urban development requirements
approved by the Mayor’s Office of Satu Mare. The main
architect unites the plan development activities and requests
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the proposal of the professional committee of the local
council regarding major investments.
4. Service regarding the construction licenses
Giving out construction/demolition permits with the following
responsibilities: checking the content of the documentation
handed in including the checking of the existence of all the
necessary warrants, issuing and signing the permits and
proposing the section plans drawn by the customers in order
to get construction/demolition permit and issuing these
permits.
5. Urban planning and urban development service
The main task of this service is the checking of the necessary
documentation for the urban planning permits, checking the
necessary documentation for construction permits, issuing
the urban planning and construction permits, taking part in
the work of the committee for individual requests, preparing
documentation.
6. The construction supervising office
Checks the existence of the building permits and checks the
accordance of the project and the instructions of the permit.
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7. The geographic information system office
The scope of activity of this office: analyses the information
and management system of the region, managing the special
data of property-town law enforcement cadastre, creates and
uses
the
geographical
information
system
within
the
institution. This office also deals with enlargement and usage
of the geographical information system for urban planning
documentations.
8. Agriculture and land property services
This service has been applying the agricultural inventory
technical norms related to the data entry method to practice
since 27 June, 2007.
9. The public services officer
The public services officer is appointed and casted off by the
mayor based on the special criteria, processes and spheres of
activities appointed by the City Council of Satu Mare. This
function can be filled only after a competition examination.
The public services officer can deliver the activities of
coordinating the professional staff and the local public
administration based on a management contract. The mayor
can covert the rights of the main paymaster to the public
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services officer by taking into consideration the related
regulations. The scope of authority of the public services
officer is determined by the mayor of the county town of
Satu Mare.
10.
Administrating service for the public and private
sphere and the public services
The service carries out activities in the following areas: road
maintenance,
green
areas,
street
lighting,
sanitation,
environment protection, playgrounds and street signs.
11.
Service dealing with investments
Its main activity is to compile and justify the list of
investments, plan the weekly/yearly goals based on the list
of the approved investments by the decisions of the local
council in all phrases and stages required by any law.
12.
Public Procurement Office
It compiles and updates the annual public procurement plan
while
supervises
the
compliment
of
the
award
documentation.
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13.
Property registration office
It deals with the organisation of the financial department in
order to provide for the private and public property of the
county town Satu Mare.
14.
Office of Energy
It draws up a list of investments and informs the public about
the existing programs and projects.
15.
Financial management
It performs preventive financial control, has accounting
records and monitors the fixed assets.
16.
Office of trade control and issuing operational
licence
It issues operating licences for enterprises and services in
accordance
with
the
222/2010
decision
of
the
Local
Committee amended the 284/2008 decision and the 38/2003
Act.
Beside,
it
issues
licences
for
temporary
use
of
community areas for enterprises dealing with occasional
activities.
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17.
Administrative office
It provides for the working conditions for the staff of the
institution, maintains the equipment, supplies the necessary
materials and forms for the activities, transports the staff to
field,
to
appointments,
registering and
etc.
It
handling of the
is
responsible
for
the
fixed assets and the
equipment of the town’s schools and kindergartens.
18.
Office of Information Technology and network
management
It controls the adherence of the contracts with IT service
providers. It ensures the adherence of the laws related to
data management, protection of personal data and the usage
of software.
19.
Customer service and registry office
Its main activity is to inform the public and legal entities (if it
is required) about the operation of the Mayor’s Office and the
Local
Council
and
how
to
obtain
certain
documents,
approvals and opinions. In addition, it registers the requests
and complaints within an intranet type informatics program.
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20.
Culture, Education and Sport Office
It prepares and issues the documentation of different
cultural, educational and sport events. On annual bases it
initiates and organises cultural events and keeps in touch by
phone or by mail with various event organisers, organisations
and domestic and foreign mayor’s offices.
21.
Office of internationally funded projects
It supports region development programs and projects. It
helps
to
identify
projects
dealing
with
infrastructural
development.
22.
Office of asset management audit
The inner public control of the public asset or public fund
must be carried out in case of any event that took place
within
the
institution,
including
the
subordinate
institutions as well.
23.
Office of human resources and waging
It is responsible for compiling the organisational structure of
the professional staff of the mayor of Satu Mare and the
official
operational
rules,
it
supervises
the
method
of
compilation and follows the related laws. It is responsible for
compiling the organisational structure of the public services
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subordinated under the Local Council of Satu Mare and their
official operational rules.
24.
Board of local taxes and duties
It deals with the collection of the active debts of the local
budget via pursuance procedures thus the taxes, levies and
penalties that are not paid voluntarily by the deadline by the
natural or legal taxpayers can be retracted.
25.
Public information office
The staff of this office is responsible for informing the public
about the service of the Mayor’s office and they organise the
host clocks of the local authority leaders, counsel the
associations and coordinates their operation, take in petitions
and requests for information of public interest from different
fields (legal, archive, agricultural, housing, child welfare,
trade control, building, town planning, constructions).
The local council
The local council is a collegial authority of the local
government, which was elected to remedy the problems of
the local interest around the town or the county city. It
enjoys an autonomous status under the authority of the 5th
Article of the 215/2001 Act. It has the right to consider the
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interests
of
the
local
community
and
decide
on
the
enforcement of those interests without having the state or
county administration approval.
The composition of the Local Council of the County Town of
Satu Mare after the local elections is 10 June, 2012: 12
counsellors
from
counsellors
from
the
the
Social-Liberal
Romanian
Union
(USL),
Hungarian
9
Democratic
Alliance (UDMR), 2 counsellors from the Liberal Democratic
Party (PDL).
The Local Council Committees
1.
Committee
of
socio-economic
studies,
forecasting,
budgeting and asset management
2. Committee of town organisation and urban development,
public works, environment protection, monuments
3. Committee of public service and trade
4. Committee of health, welfare, sport and youth
5. Committee of law, European integration and the audit of
European standards
6. Committee of educational, cultural, scientific, religious
activities
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Sister towns
County Town of Satu Mare is in sister twon relationship with
five European towns.
Wolfenbüttel – Germany
Zutphen – The Netherlands
Nyíregyháza – Hungary
Beregovo – Ukraina
Reszow – Poland
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Chapter III.
INTRODUCTION OF THE LOCALY AVAILABLE MEDIA
POSSIBILITIES OF BOTH COUNRIES
ROMANIA AND SATU MARE
I. The media after the 1989 revolution
After the 1989 revolution, the explosion of the media began
to develop in Romania. In 1990 1500 issues, 65 daily paper
existed, but their number only reached the 1500 in 1989.
This was the period when the Tineretul liber (Free Youth),
Dimineaţa
(Morning),
Universul
(Universe),
Dreptatea
(Truth), Azi (Today) were released– a total of 700.000 copies
per day. The Scânteia (Spark), the Adevărul (Reality) has
become the mouthpiece of the Central Committee of the
Party, started its post-revolution activity on Christmas day,
1989. This period was the golden age for the Expres and the
Zig-Zag weekly – with 600.000 copies, but the 22 and the
România literară magazines were on the top at that time with
100.000 copies. The Evenimentul zilei daily paper, launched
22 June, 1992, with Ion Cristoiu editor-in-chief broke the
absolute record with its 600.000 copies. (Flacăra magazine –
The Romanian press is a “chained watchdog”, 20.04.2010.).
In the forthcoming years the România Liberă and the Jurnalul
European Union
Naţional daily paper also were also published in large
numbers.
After that the Romanian media has evolved rapidly. All forms
of media – radio, television, press, the meanwhile appearing
online media – has developed, promoting the free flow of
information and the free information of the public. Some
minority groups have also found a means of expressing their
opinion, such as the Magyar Szó and the Allgemeine Zeitung.
Private television companies have appeared, for example
ProTv, Antena1, PrimaTV, and the private radio stations.
Later news televisions such as Realitatea TV, the Antena3
and the RTV also appeared.
II. The economic crisis and the media
The economic crisis has strongly affected the media market
in Romania as well from the autumn of 2008. The sudden
reduction in the cost of advertising for companies poured
cold water on the vigorously developing and expanding
press. In the 2000s the Romanian media have developed
strongly and the number of quality papers and television
channels increased substantially and parallel to the increase
of the economy and standard of living it flourished. In 2007
on a national level there were about 300 publishers that dealt
with printing newspapers of which 159 were daily paper. In
European Union
addition 350 publisher dealt with periodicals. So the media’s
revenue increased significantly, trebling itself in five years:
the 179 million Euro income in 2003 increased to 540 million
Euro till 2008, however the industry received a huge shock
which resulted in drastically decreased advertising costs,
reaching the 345 million Euros bottom. The revenue in the
television sector has halved while the income of the printed
media has declined for the quarter in the recent years.
(Business24.ro – The global economic crisis has severely
affected the Spanish media. What is the situation in
Romania? – 28.02.2012.)
Due to the economical crisis the Gardianul daily went
bankrupt and the career of the printed version ended in 07
January, 2010. Later the on line version of the newspaper
also disappeared. Also in January 2010 the Ziua daily,
launched in 2004, with the manager Sorin Roşca Stănescu
also ceased. The last piece of the printed version of the
Cotidianul appeared 22 December, 2009 and only the online
version continued to operate. From March 2011 the Gândul
daily, published by the Media Pro group, has not appeared in
printed version and continued to operate as one of the best
digital dailies. In October 2011 the Adevărul put an end of
the Adevărul de seară weekly special issue and a few months
later the Adevărul de seară, renamed ADS, appeared in 38
European Union
cities for money. Due to the economical crisis more than 20
daily disappeared and more than 100 periodicals went
bankrupt.
At the moment, the quality national dailies which are still
able to exist in the market: the Adevărul, the Jurnalul
Naţional, the Evenimentul Zilei, and the following sports
newspaper must be included in the list – Gazeta Sporturilor
and the Pro Sport, beside the tabloids such as Libertatea,
Can Can and Click.
III. The Romanian audio-visual media
After the revolution a fierce rivalry began for the public
television, the commercial televisions with their varied and
high quality programs caught up the public television in a
short time and even forewent it. In Romania the first private
televisions
appeared
after
1990.
The
first
commercial
television, the Antena1 was established in 1993. In 1995
another important commercial television was established, the
ProTV and since then in every second year a significant
television station enlarged the audio-visual market. At the
beginning of 2004 there were 99 televisions in Romania.
Later the highly anticipated TV channels, like Prima TV, the
B1 TV, the Acasă TV, the Tele7 ABC, the Kanal D, the OTV
also appeared in the market.
European Union
The Realitatea TV, Romania’s first news television that put
emphasis on communication of information and background
programmes,
was
established
in
November
2001. The
Antena3 news television started broadcasting in June 2005.
The youngest news television in the Romanian media market
is the România TV, which began its operation in October
2011.
The first private radio program was broadcasted on 31
December, 1989 from the Romanian Writers’ House, Victoriei
Avenue, Bucharest on the 92,7 MHz frequency using a radio
transmitter that was taken into Romania with the help of the
French Embassy in Bucharest. Within a short time, on 11
January, 1990 the Radio Unifan launched a radio program
and at the same year, on 19 January, the Radio Nova 22 also
started its operation. According to the National Audio-visual
Council in 2012 in Romania 633 radio stations and 750
television stations operated including satellite and terrestrial
transmission.
European Union
IV. The Szatmár media after the 1989 revolution
In the first days after the 1989 revolution, in Szatmár county
the
Romanian
Cronica Sătmăreană
and
the
Hungarian
Szatmári Hírlap were created as the successors of the late
communist system’s county daily papers. The Solstiţiu titled
publication was released in 1990, which transformed in 1993
and afterwards was released by the title Informaţia Zilei as a
daily paper. During the year 2002 the Glasul Sătmarului
titled weekly paper appeared on the Szatmár media market,
which turned into a daily paper from 2004. Later the Glasul
Sătmarului got the title Cronica Sătmăreană. Parallel to this
the Glasul Sătmarului titled daily paper appeared on the
market, but both papers went bankrupt when the financial
crisis broke out. The county’s second Hungarian daily paper
got published in 2005, the Szatmári Hírlap. In October 2011
the weekly paper Olimpia got published on the Szatmár
market, which later turned into Jurnalul de Satu Mare.
Many local and national radio stations broadcast in Szatmár
county. Radio stations with a Szatmár seated studio are the
followings: The Romanian language Radio 1 Satu Mare, Radio
Transilvania,
Kiss
FM,
and
the
Hungarian
City
Radio
broadcasting in Hungarian language.
European Union
The first Szatmár county television channel was Samtel TV,
this later transformed and took the Focus TV name, later
from November 2008 it went on by the Nord Vest TV name,
and it is an organic part of the same media trust as the
Gazeta de Nord-Vest daily paper. Currently Nord Vest TV is
the most viewed local television channel in Szatmár county.
The TV1 Satu Mare and Informatja Zilei TV television stations
also broadcast in Szatmár county.
During the past two years more and more news portals
appeared both in Romanian and Hungarian languages on the
Szatmár media market. Journalists leaving their papers and
going independent created their own news portals. News
portals like these, which get information to Szatmárian
people online, are for example the Romanian language
Portalsm.ro, the Satumareonline.ro and the Sătmăreanul.net
and the Hungarian language Szatmar.ro, Presszo.ro and the
SzatmarTV video-news portal.
V. Szatmár media in our days
V.1 The written press
The Gazeta de Nord-Vest daily paper – Szatmár county’s
oldest and most criticizing in its tone Hungarian language
daily paper. Over time the daily papers published by Media
European Union
Total KFT got known as uncompromising, combatant papers,
after revealing and airing many corruption cases, abuses and
other outlawries. This is the only daily paper, which publishes
many reports, pragmatic articles and squibs beside the news
and articles. Loránd Szász journalist is the director of the
Gazeta de Nord-Vest daily paper.
The availability of the editorial office: 3, Transilvania street,
Szatmárnémeti (Satu Mare), phone: 0361-407733, fax:
0361-407733, e-mail: [email protected], web:
www.gazetadenord-vest.ro,
Facebook:
www.facebook.com/Gazeta-de-Nord-Vest.
The Informatia Zilei daily paper – this daily paper with the
second most traditions in Szatmár (Satu Mare) county, was
created
in
1993.
Its
main
focus
is
on
political,
administrational, financial, cultural and sports news. The
director of the Informatia Zilei daily paper is Dumitru
Păcuraru.
The availability of the editorial office: 15, Mircea cel Bătrân
street, Szatmárnémeti (Satu Mare), phone: 0261-767300,
fax: 0261-767301, e-mail: [email protected],
web: www.informatia-zilei.ro.
European Union
The
Friss Újság
daily
paper
–
Szatmár
county’s
first
Hungarian language daily paper, was created in January
1990. Between 2004 and 2012 this Hungarian language daily
paper was part of the Inform Media Románia group, which is
part of the Voralberger Medienhaus group, owner of many
Austrian, Hungarian, Romanian and Ukranian publication.
Currently the Friss Újság is published by Tradeholding KFT,
the director of the paper is Bereczki Zsolt.
The availability of the editorial office: 45, Petőfi Sándor
fax: 0261-714654, e-mail: [email protected]
The Szatmári Magyar Hírlap daily paper – Szatmár (Satu
Mare) county’s second Hungarian language daily paper,
which was first published in June 2005, by the Sam Grup
Consulting KFT. In August 2012 the Szatmári Magyar Hírlap
was bought by famous businessman Dumitru Pacuraru,
director of the Informatja Zilei daily paper. Currently the
paper is owned by the Solpress KFT.
The availability of the editorial office: 15, Mircea cel Bătrân
fax: 0261-767301, e-mail: [email protected],
web: www.magyar-hirlap.ro.
European Union
The Piaţa Sătmăreană weekly paper – This weekly paper,
covering
small
ads
and
highlighted
ads,
sports
and
entertainment first appeared on the market in 2006. This
freely distributed paper is out every Friday by the GPV SM
Ltd.
The availability of the editorial office: 13, Ioan Slavici street,
Szatmárnémeti (Satu Mare), phone: 0771476496, fax: 0361429677,
e-mail:
[email protected],
web:
www.piatasm.ro.
The Jurnaul de Satu Mare weekly paper – It appeared by the
name “Olimpia” on the Szatmár media market in October
2011. This weekly paper took the name Jurnaul de Satu Mare
in 2012.
The availability of the editorial office: 43, Botizului street,
Szatmárnémeti (Satu Mare), phone: 0261-721136, fax:
0261-721136, e-mail: [email protected], web:
www.jurnaluldesatumare.com
V.2 Television channels
Nord Vest TV – The Nord Vest TV was born on the ruins of
the late Focus TV. When it was acquired by the media trust
that owns the Gazeta de Nord-Vest daily paper after 2008, it
had leading market share in Szatmár county. The television
European Union
channel broadcast without breaks informative programs,
entertainment, cultural and sports programs, also debate
programs about different topics. The director of the television
channel is Răzvan Govor since 2008.
The
availability
of
the
editorial
office:
1,
Transilvania
boulevard (Trade Unions Cultural Center), Szatmárnémeti
(Satu Mare), phone: 0361-407733, fax: 0361-407733, email: [email protected], web: www.nordvest-tv.ro.
Informatja TV – The ITV television channel appeared on the
market in 2012, at first only broadcasting its programs
online. It is part of the Informatja Zilei media trust, most of
its informative, social, cultural programs and its debate
programs are made by journalists of the Informatja Zilei
daily paper.
Availability: 15, Mircea cel Bătrân street, Szatmárnémeti
(Satu Mare), phone: 0261-767300, fax: 0261-767301, email: [email protected], web: www.informatiazilei.ro.
TV1 Satu Mare – The TV1 Satu Mare television channel began
broadcasting in 2008, at first by the TV1 Samtel name. The
television channel broadcasts its programs in every topic for
a broad audience.
European Union
Availability:
3,
Ceahlăului
street,
Szatmárnémeti
(Satu
Mare), phone: 0361.800.500, fax: 0361.800.300, e-mail:
[email protected], web: www.tv1samtel.ro
Szatmar TV – It is an independent online video news portal,
which was created in February 2011 with the goal to fill the
void, that is caused by the lack of a local Hungarian
television channel. In addition to video news programs the
page consists of written articles as well.
Availability: 3, Transilvania boulevard, Szatmárnémeti (Satu
Mare), phone: 0261-715713, fax: 0261-715713, e-mail:
[email protected], web: http://szatmartv.weebly.com.
V.3 Radio stations
Kiss FM Satu Mare – local station, one of the country’s
coolest radio stations, the Kiss FM Satu Mare airs on the
107,90FM frequency. The director of the Szatmár station is
Mugurel Sebok.
Availability: 5, falt 17, Corvinilor street, Szatmárnémeti (Satu
Mare),
phone:
0724.323.261,
e-mail:
[email protected], web: www.kissfm.ro
European Union
Radio Transilvania Satu Mare – Radio Transilvania is a radio
station with traditions, it airs on the 99 FM frequency. The
director of the Szatmár station is Ovidiu Matioc.
Availability: 3, Transilvania boulevard, Szatmárnémeti (Satu
[email protected]
web:
www.radiotransilvania.ro
Radio Unu Satu Mare – One of the oldest radio stations of
Szatmár, Radio Unu is on 94FM, the frequency of the late
Samtel radio. The director of the radio station is Radu
Ulmeanu.
Availability: 5, 25 Octombrie square, Szatmárnémeti (Satu
[email protected], web: http://radiounusm.ro
City Radio – Local radio station, which airs in Szatmárnémeti
on the 106,4 FM frequency since 2005. The director of the
radio station is Balázsi István.
Availability: 1/15, I.C.Brătianu boulevard, Szatmárnémeti
(Satu Mare), phone: 0261-713715, fax: 0372-876-121, email: [email protected], web: www.city-radio.ro
European Union
V.4 online media
Gazeta de Nord-Vest – digital version: www.gazetadenordvest.ro
Informaţia Zilei – digital version: www.informatia-zilei.ro
Portal Satu Mare – www.portalsm.ro
Satu Mare Online – www.satumareonline.ro
Sătmăreanul – www.satmareanul.net
Szatmar.ro – www.szatmar.ro
SM 24 – www.sm24.ro
Satu Mare News – www.satumarenews.ro
European Union
Hungary and Nyíregyháza
Gulyás
Ágnes:
Composed
the
following
in
“Tabloid
newspapers in post-communist Hungary” titled dissertation:
The Hungarian press – similarly to presses in other EastCentral-European countries – changed since the revolution; a
liberal press market took the place of the old communist
press model. The revolution – and the financial, political and
social change in general – had a huge effect on the change of
the ownership system of the press, much like it had on the
activities of the publishers and the work of the journalists.
When the forces of the market took control, new business
ventures appeared on the scene, and they ushered new
products to the press market. The most important innovation
on the market of daily papers was the creation of tabloid
papers. The Hungarian readers – who were deprived from
the joy of reading tabloid papers
in the decades of
communism – were happy about the change. In the years
after the revolution the number of the copies of such papers
grew rapidly. The press has historical traditions in Hungary.
In the decades of communism there was no room in the
soviet type media model for the tabloid papers born before
the war. In the beginning of the fifties there were four
national daily papers, by the seventies their number grew to
seven. On the eve of the revolution, the national daily papers
European Union
– although they respected the obvious political barriers –
showed sizeable diversity.
According to Gulyás Ágnes we can identify three different
processes in the transformation of the Hungarian press after
the revolution: A change in the political functions of the
press, pluralization and democratization, the formation of the
market press relations, and the press commercialization and
commodification. These processes defined the specialties of
the evolving press structure, the development way of the
press market. During 1988 and 1989 the mechanics of the
communist press control ended, like the political censorship,
the
supervision
of
head
editor
appointments
permission requirement to found a paper.
and
the
The 1986
communist press act got supplemented by the 1990 act XI.,
filing into law the freedom of paper founding and with that
demolishing the last barriers of press freedom. The other
prerequisition was the creation of market relations, meaning
the
liberalization
of
press
markets,
the
market
laws
becoming a leading factor, and privatization.
Another
market
specialty
also
had
an
effect
on
the
development of the papers: The transformation of press
funding. In the years after the change of regimes, the fastest
developing area of press funding was that of advertising. A
high foreign property ratio is a typical specialty of the postwww.huro-cbc.eu, www.hungary-romania-cbc.eu
European Union
change of regimes Hungarian press relations. Foreign media
companies appeared on the Hungarian market right at the
beginning of the transformation, and became dominant in
most press market segments. The state privatized the
market of national daily papers, and most papers became the
property of foreign investors.
The current situation of Nyíregyháza
Multiple television stations, radios, also daily and weekly
papers operate in the city. The following, other than the
previously
operated
presented
by
the
medias
Város-kép
and
Kft
the
traditional
(Nyíregyházi
ones
Televízió,
Nyíregyházi Napló, www.nyiregyhaza.hu).
Kölcsey Television
The “Kölcsey” Television Ltd. was founded in 1999 by the
council of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, with the goal that
the company will establish and operate a county wide
television that can inform the ones living in the region daily,
and also is a credible and accurate source of news for the
national mediums. Because the broadcast area of the
television is bordering three countries, it has not just county
wide but interregional role.
European Union
The land broadcast of the television can be received on two
frequencies (Nyíregyháza and area: UHF 52, Mátészalka and
area: UHF 49.) It can also be found on almost all of the
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
county
town
cable
networks.
(kolcseytv.hu)
Availabilty:
Kölcsey Televízió
9, Szabadság squere, Nyíregyháza, 4400
Secretariat: +36 (42) 598-790
Editorial office: +36 (42) 598-762
Fax: +36 (42) 598-777, +36 (42) 598-791
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Sunshine Radió
Sunshine Radió broadcasts on 99,4 MHz and its features
include being youthful and lively. Its musical mix includes the
favorites
of
the
generations;
this
provides
light
entertainment without extremities for its listeners all day. In
the morning and noon program segments it airs recordings
closer to the listeners of the older age group, but as we get
closer to the evening the music gets more dynamic for the
younger people. Sunshine Radio provides easy entertainment
for its listeners by its program structure and musical palette.
(sunshinefm.hu)
European Union
Availability:
Sunshine Rádió
1-3. II. Floor, Szarvas street, Nyíregyháza, 4400
Phone: (06-42) 78-80-74
Studio: (06-42) 78-80-80 és 78-80-81
Fax: (06-42) 78-80-74
SMS number: (06-20) 55-44-033
Email: [email protected]
Retro Rádió
The Retro Rádió was established to serve the listeners who
are hungry for nostalgia, forever young, and fond of the
music from the not so old past, 24 hours a day. It tries to
meet the needs of an audience that loves quality music. The
music creates a trendy retro atmosphere. The main features
of its edited programs are being fun, includes fresh local
news, and it has a surprisingly direct tone. (retrofm.hu)
Availability:
Retro Rádió
9/A, Eötvös st., Nyíregyháza, 4400
Editorial office tel., fax: (42) 401-035
Facebook: facebook.com/retrofmradio
Owner: Center-Rádió Kft.
European Union
Mustár FM
The Mustár FM Rádió is a small community radio. It started
broadcasting on 25 November, 2007 on 89,6 MHz in
Nyíregyháza and its area, and also online. It had a 12 hour
program structure from 8 AM to 8 PM in the beginning, after
May 1st, 2008 it switched to a 24 hour structure. The base to
establish this radio was the media circle operating in the
Mustárház.
Over
time
the
program
structure
changed
frequently, but listeners almost always could browse among
30-35 thematic programs. (mustarhaz.hu)
Availability:
Mustár Rádió
Owner: Kulturális Életért Közhasznú Egyesület
Availability: 20, Szent István st., Nyíregyháza, 4400
Phone: 42/400-344
E-mail: [email protected]
Nyíregyházi Ifjúsági Lap (NYÍL)
The media circle of the Mustárház was established by 14-25
year old young people. The Nyíregyháza Ifjúsági Lap (NYÍL)
was established due to their initiative and activity, they
created the Mustár FM juvenile small community radio, and
they make its programs. The magazine is edited by young
people for young people since 2007. It turns out for free with
European Union
an issue number of 12000, in high schools not just in
Nyíregyháza
but
also
in
schools
beyond
our
borders.
(mustarhaz.hu)
Availability:
Owner: Kulturális Életért Közhasznú Egyesület
20, Szent István st., Nyíregyháza, 4400
Phone: 42/400-344
E-mail: [email protected]
Turnout: monthly, in every school month
Kelet-Magyarország
The daily paper titled Kelet-Magyarország is tended on by the
Inform Média Kft. Kelet-Magyarország is the SzabolcsSzatmár-Bereg county member of the paper group. Inform
Média is not only present in our country. It is there in
Romania since the 1990s, and since 2006 it has its products
present in Ukraine as well. It provides local information for
the people living in Hajdú-Bihar, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
and
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
entertainment
content
county,
on
the
also
news
national
and
level.
(informmedia.hu)
Availability:
Inform Média Kft.
European Union
Adress: 4-6, Dózsa György street, Nyíregyháza, 4400
Phone: 42/501-510
Szuperinfó
In Hungary the first Szuperinfó turned out in Eger in 1990, as
a freely spread informational weekly paper. Currently 64
separate local paper turns out in 1280 cities and towns. In
the two decade long past of Szuperinfó the past few years
present change, when the Inform Média firm group took
control over the franchise network. (informmedia.hu)
Availability:
Inform Média Kft.
4-6., Dózsa György street, Nyíregyháza, 4400
Phone: 42/501-510
European Union
Chapter IV.
Collaboration experiences, opportunities in the media
field, in the two countries
The economy and politics of Nyíregyháza shows high levels of
openness to create fruitful relationships and contacts with
other nations, people, cultures, in light of this our city
established an extensive and actively effective sibling city
relation network with many west and east European cities.
We continuously take care of and expand our international
relations; currently we have several similar projects under
planning and in the works, together with Szatmárnémeti,
these show synergy with this tender.
The goal of this recently (in 2011) realized collaboration –
also within the HURO program - was to strengthen the
cooperation in the cross-border area, through this the
experts and services working in environment protection, in
the social sphere, and in the cultural sphere got closer to
each other between Nyíregyháza and Szatmárnémeti. The
total budget of the project was almost 20 million Ft.
The establishment of the European Regional Partnership is
currently in the works also together with Szatmárnémeti,
European Union
Nyíregyháza had a general goal with the creation of this,
which is to strengthen the economic and social cohesion
among each other by the cross-border collaboration of the
two cities, and to jointly acquire a wide range of European
Union and other sources.
In spite of the possibilities granted by the geographical
proximity, after 1990 there was barely any contact between
the presses of the Hungarian Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg and
the Romanian Szatmár (Satu Mare) county, aside from the
personal relationships of the Hungarian journalists living in
the Hungarian county and the Romanian county. The very
first institutional media relationship between the two counties
were established when the Austrian Voralberger Medianhaus
group bought the Szatmári Friss Újság named Szatmár
county based Hungarian language daily paper, because this
same company is the owner of the Kelet Magyarország titled
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county Hungarian language daily
paper. The sponsorships available by the collaboration
program
2007
-
2013
overreaching
the
Hungarian
–
Romanian border was the factor, which made the relationship
of the two neighboring counties stronger.
European Union
Cooperation inside a media group
The first media contact between Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
county and Szatmár (Satu Mare) was born in 2004, when the
Szatmári Friss Újság titled Hungarian language daily paper
was bought by the Austrian Voralberger Medienhaus group,
which is the owner of several Austrian, Hungarian, Romanian
and Ukrainian papers.
The Friss Újság switched to a modern format immediately,
which is typical for the papers of the Austrian media group
that owns a significant portion of the Hungarian press. The
journalists of this Szatmár based Hungarian language daily
paper took part in countless training and experience sharing
together with the journalists working at the Nyíregyháza
seated Kelet-Magyarország and the Debrecen seated HajdúBihari Napló. Furthermore journalists of the Friss Újság and
the Kelet Magyarország shared much information with each
other in topics, which has an effect on both sides of the
border. The cooperation between the two papers ended in
2012, when the Inform Media Romania company sold the
Friss Újság to the Tradeholding Kft, which is the owner of this
Hungarian language Szatmár daily paper to this day.
European Union
Cross border news agency
In the time period between September 2009 and May 2011
as a result of the cooperation between the two county’s press
organs the “Romanian-Hungarian News agency and Economic
Affiliation Network” project got realized. The main goal of the
project was to inform the population of Szabolcs-SzatmárBereg county and Szatmár (Satu Mare) county in two
languages about the novelties and actualities in the region,
this was accomplished by the Kölcsey TV of Nyíregyháza and
the Regionale Company of Satu Mare. The project makes it
possible for the local governments, civil organizations and
public institutes to propagate themselves in a wide range by
freely publishing their press releases on the two portals
created specifically for this. The two portals, which work by
the same principles, as news agencies, can be reached on
the following web addresses: the Hungarian language is on
the www.szatmarinfo.hu site, the Romanian language is on
the www.szatmarinfo.ro site.
Two language news portal
The
accomplishment of the
“Ecoinfo
–
information
as
economic potential” titled cross-border project was a new
possibility for collaboration between the two county’s media
European Union
organs in the period between May 2011 and October 2012.
The project supported by the Romanian – Hungarian CrossBorder Cooperation 2007 – 2013 program was accomplished
with help of the Bio-Szil Nonprofit Kft. in Nyíregyháza and the
Asociatia Interaction 2050 civil service in Satu Mare. The
main goal of the project was to make the communities living
on the two sides of the border know each other better by
current news provided for them in Hungarian and Romanian
languages as well. Providing the news was realized through
two channels: through the news programs aired on the two
county’s local radio stations, and through the two language
news portal available on the www.ecoinfo.eu web address.
The news of the two county’s towns has been translated, and
they have been aired five times a day in Szatmár (Satu
Mare) county in Romanian and Hungarian languages and also
in Hungarian language in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. In
Szatmár (Satu Mare) county the news were aired by Radio 1,
Radio Transilvania Carei and City Radio, and in SzabolcsSzatmár-Bereg county by Ha-Jo radio.
Television channels are starting to work together
Because the relations between the Szatmár (Satu Mare)
County Council and the Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County
Council got stronger recently, cooperation started between
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the television channels in the counties, which became
another link between the two counties. The television
channels provided video footage and necessary information
for Nord-Vest TV in cases when the meetings were held in
Nyíregyháza, when the meetings were held in Satu Mare the
Romanian colleagues did the same. No cooperation started
yet in other fields between the two neighboring county’s
television channels.
European Union
Chapter V.
Carrier perspectives and qualification possibilities of
the young experts working in the media, in both
countries
“The young people of Szatmár don’t want to be journalists”
In regards to journalist qualification, there was only one
possibility in the Szatmár county higher education: The Satu
Mare branch of the “Vasile Goldis” University of Arad. But
because of the low number of applicants there were only four
classes of journalists in the past two decades.
The first time there was a full time journalist major was the
1997/1998 school year; its length was 4 years. In that year
43 people applied for the major and only 23 completed it.
The second time the journalist major started was in the
1998/1999 school year, also with a 4 year length and also in
full time. From the 57 applicants of Szatmár only 33
managed to get a basic university degree.
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In the 1999/2000 school year there were 28 applicants for
the 4 year long full time journalist major, and only 19
students managed to complete their studies.
The last time a full time journalist major started was in the
2000/2001 school year, its length was 4 years as well, this
time from the 27 people who applied only 16 completed their
studies.
So as we can observe, during these 4 years the number of
students drastically decreased, which lead the leadership of
the Satu Mare branch of “Vasile Goldis” University not to
start a journalist major in the future.
Note, that the journalist major did not appear among the
study offerings of the Satu Mare branch of “Vasile Goldis”
University in the 2000/2001 school year. Currently there are
only a few different journalistic and communication courses
in other majors.
It is apparent from the offerings of the “Vasile Goldis”
University of Arad, that the University’s graduates will be
able
to
perform
commercial
agent,
the
following
press
agent,
activities:
sales
leader,
media-analyst,
market
research-analyst, book publishing assistant, camera-man,
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researcher in press observer agencies, insurance advisor,
commentator, business advisor, personal advisor, corrector,
event planner, text writer, radio announcer, human resource
manager,
data
inserter,
editor,
process
leader,
photo
reporter, donation collector, lobbyist, mediator, motivational
speaker, broker, journalist, spokesman, organizer, narrator,
advocate,
profession
lecturer,
editor-reporter,
editorial
secretary, public relations expert, communication expert,
layout editor.
Furthermore graduates of the major can apply for a job in
the
following
fields:
mass
communication,
at
advisory
companies, in the correct departments of the Government,
the
State
leader,
the
Police,
the
Military,
the
local
governments, state departments, universities, cultural, sport,
and
education,
departments
of
administration,
banks,
law
also
in
institutes,
the
correct
unions,
civil
organizations, citizen-, ecological organizations, firms and
commercial companies, etc.
The students have the opportunity to educate themselves in
the studio of GOLDISTV online television, as part of the IKON
photo study group. Furthermore the university has the VIATA
STUDENTEASCA
(University
life)
and
the
TRIBUNA
UNIVERSITATII (Tribune of the university) titled publications,
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the goal of these is to provide future journalist with the
opportunity to get practical experience.
Even so not many graduates could get a job in this field
because of the lack of experience, the rushed working pace
or the less than expected salaries. Most have retrained
themselves and pursue different careers.
“In Nyíregyháza many have considered this career”
In the area of the Hungarian communication education there
were many opportunities nationwide in the past years for the
young people to get education in the field of media sciences.
In the University of Nyíregyháza, seated in the county town
of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, there was communication
education in every year in the past 16 years. The young
people could get a degree in media science. In our days
there is motion picture and media education even in the
secondary and elementary schools. It is also possible to take
final exams from media at the end of secondary school.
In Hungary it is possible to study almost all forms of
journalism,
and
many
young
people
lived
with
this
opportunity in the past years. There was only one problem,
the scope of the market was too small. In the past years in
European Union
Hungary the market of media professionals became over
populated and young people came out from an educational
system that provided little experience. Because of these
reasons very few could get a job after graduation.
European Union
Chapter VI.
Practical things to know regarding the profession
There are many professional groupings in international
studies regarding the press genres in the media. We will now
present you the outline of the most common grouping, this
could help you know your way around on a basic level among
the genres.
I.
Traditional written genres
Grouping of press genres:

Based on turnout frequency

Based on the place of turnout, spread

Based on content

Based on target audience

Based on language

Based on genre:
o - informative (informational)
o – opinion giving (publicistical)
o – transitional genre
1.Informative
genres:
news,
information,
report,
announcement.
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The double function of the press (informative genre family):

informing

influence of opinion
Characteristics:
 News:
fresh,
of
general
interest,
important,
and
answers some main questions: who, where, when,
what happened, how and why? The canister news is a
genre that cuts to the chase, the parody news on the
other hand starts to elaborate from a certain detail.
 Information: the base of the news. A sum of news
chains. It always appears with a title.
 Announcement: a message containing information of
general
interest
for
a
company,
organization,
or
individual
 Report:
accurate,
objective
and
matter-of-fact
information about an event for example.
2.Transitional
genres:
interview
(portray
type
or
informational), report (pragmatic (fact revealing) or event
analyst).
Characteristics:
 Report: While making it the presence of the journalist
is important. The report tells the story of a real life
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event or act that has happened, with addressing the
participants as well. It has a plot.
 Interview: the journalist with the help of his/her
questions, tells information of general interest of the
public about certain things, in a dialogic form.
3.Main publicistical genres (opinion giving): article, leading
article, commentary, note, glossary, critique.
Supporting genres: reader letter, complaints, and services.
Characteristics:
 Article: the fact and opinion giving parts build upon
each other and they complement each other very well.
 Commentary
=
news
explanation:
they
help
to
understand the news and information by supplying
background explanation.
 Glossary: short, tight, straightforward, ironic, text
ending with a punch line.
 Note: It grasps a line of an everyday event from life.
Short text, but rich of stylistic tools.
 Open letter: it is of general interest, it is written in the
shape of a letter about a topic interesting for the
public.
 Reader
letter:
a
text
containing
the
opinions,
comments of readers and when they ask for advice.
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 Critique = art review: a presenting, rating text about a
work of art. It can be a presentation: it presents a
work or author in a recommending way; recession:
rates and interprets the presented work; and review:
detailed recession.
4. Electronic genres
Radio genres: it could be genres that presents, sounds
written material (news, notes, glossary, letter), also the kind
of materials, which were made directly for the radio.
Television genres:
- informative programs (for example: daily and weekly news,
magazine program, service program (about traffic, interest
protection, documentary)
- entertainment programs (based on popular fiction (series),
cabaret show, quiz, show, request program, sports program,
advertisement program)
Grouping of programs based on audience: layer program,
mass program.
Grouping of programs based on recurrence:
-
chronicle type, news programs recurring multiple times
a day
European Union
-
chronicle type, recurring daily
-
program that recurs once a week/ every other week/
month/ season/ year
Grouping
of
service
providers
by
location:
national,
regional/district, local, and network.
Grouping of service providers by owner and funding: public
service, commercial, civilian/social.
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Chapter VII.
Summary
This study has been made as part of the project “Integrated
media tools and training conditions for the county seats development and implementation”. Because of the nature of
the tender it focused mainly on the field of media, besides
presenting the basic goals and milestones of the project and
the participating partners.
The goal of the study was only to show through some
question groups, that there are similar and different features
between Romania and Hungary regarding the media market,
media education and press history.
It was our aim to give a short list style picture of the medias
found
(and
currently
available)
in
Satu
Mare
and
Nyíregyháza. What papers, television channels, and radio
stations exist and operate in the cities on both sides of the
border, and which are the fields where the two countries
have cooperation opportunities.
Besides this a camp was part of the project, which expanded
the knowledge of young people about the field of media.
European Union
Today’s youth need a certain type of basic knowledge about
its genres, it was our aim to give an outlined help about this
in one of the chapters.
It was not our goal in the highlighted chapters to present the
entire train of thoughts, about the areas highlighted in the
table of contents, but to give you an outlined picture, which
could help to establish the bases of a media cooperation in
the future.
As a summarizing thought it can be told, that there is an
economic, financial, cultural, societal, social and other types
of need to provide broader information for the people living
on both sides of the border, and for a shared media
collaboration.
European Union
IMPRINT:
The project “Integrated media tools and training conditions
for the county seats - development and implementation
(HURO/1001/122/1.2.3.)”
was
realized
as
part
of
the
Hungary-Romania Cross-border Cooperation Program 20072013 (www.huro-cbc.eu), with the support of the European
Union, and the European Regional Development Fund, also
by the partner financing of Hungary and Romania.
The goal of the program is to bring closer to each other the
communities, economic figures and people living in the areas
near the borders in order to help the development of these
areas included in the cooperation, by building on the
strengths of these cross-border areas.
Written by:
Council Of Satu Mare County Seat, 1, P-ta 25 Octombrie,
Satu Mare, Romania
Város-Kép Nonprofit Ltd., 9, Szabadság tér, Nyíregyháza,
4400, Hungary
Made as part of the HURO/1001/122/1.2.3. “Integrated
media tools and training conditions for the county seats development and implementation” project.
Prepared for printing by: ALTAMIRA Kft.
European Union

Study - ENG - Magyarország-Románia Határon Átnyúló

Transcription

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