Federal Funding, Physical Sciences Research, China, and the U.S.
Transcription
Federal Funding, Physical Sciences Research, China, and the U.S.
Federal Funding, Physical Sciences Research, China, and the U.S. Congress APS Advocacy Efforts Steve Pierson, Ph.D. Head of Government Relations, APS Argument is not why Congress should increase research funding, but why they can’t afford not to. Outline • Federal Funding for the Physical Sciences – Who, how, why – Outlook • World competition for High-Tech jobs & Science Leadership • Advocacy Strategy APS Office of Public Affairs • Issues – – – – Science Research Budgets Defense Energy/Environment Education/Workforce • Four lobbyists located in downtown Washington Federal Funding for Physics Research Departm ent of Transportation 2% Departm ent of Com m erce 3% NASA 8% Departm ent of Defense 14% FY 2001 NSF 7% Total: $2.46 Billion Departm ent of Energy 66% SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development: Fiscal Years 2001, 2002, and 2003 , Table C-24. Funding trends Trends in Federal Research by Discipline, FY 1970-2004 obligations in billions of constant FY 2003 dollars $30 Life Scis. $25 Engineering Physical Scis. $20 Env. Scis. $15 Math / Comp. Scis. Social Sciences $10 Psychology Other * $5 $0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Source: National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development FY 2001, 2002, and 2003, 2003. FY 2002 and 2003 data are preliminary. Constant-dollar conversions based on OMB's GDP deflators. AUGUST '03 © 2003 AAAS 1995 2000 * - Other includes research not classified (includes basic research and applied research; excludes development and R&D facilities) Why the flat funding? Determining a Federal Budget Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Budget & Authorizing Committees State of the Union Approps Conferences Approps Hearings Budget Release Approps Markups Dear Colleague Letters President requests budget House and Senate versions Conference Committees Î House and Senate Sent to President Fiscal Year Starts Congressional Appropriations • Appropriations Subcommittees – 11 in Senate – 10 in House • Each subcommittee given a fixed allocation • Commerce, Justice, Science Subcommittee – NSF, NASA, NIST, NOAA, FBI, DOC, … • Energy and Water Subcommittee – DOE Office of Science, DOE programs, Water Why the flat funding? • • • • Competition within spending bills Not an Administration priority Large deficits No strong constituent support – NASA – NIH – Defense Washington Outlook Grim Administration plans to trim R&D Washington Outlook Grim • Very difficult budgets ahead – Large deficits – Increases in non-discretionary expenses – Reductions in discretionary funding • Layoffs at DOE labs • Proposal funding rates down • Facility cuts being considered Signs of Hope-Congress • Congress has rejected requested cuts (mostly) • 68 Senators sign DOE SC Dear Colleague – (House: 121 for DOE; 167 for NSF) • Wolf/Gingrich spearheading efforts • Press articles on U.S. Science leadership and competitiveness – Thomas Friedman’s Book, The World is Flat Message • Science good for –---------Security –-------Health –----------Economy Warm and Fuzzy Economic Growth, Competitiveness, Innovation! Compelling Message U.S Science leadership challenged, threatening U.S. prosperity and competitiveness. Chinas and Indias of world rapidly building S&T infrastructure while U.S. remains complacent. Results seen in: • R&D Funding • S&E Degrees (Undergrad & Grad) • S&E Articles • Patents • High-Tech products • Jobs! The U.S. Innovation Economy: A Physicist’s Model Prosperity New Jobs New Products Ideas Need to capitalize on new product before it becomes a commodity and is outsourced. Patents Articles Scientists/Engineers Research Investment R&D Investment Federal Funding (cont’d) Ratio of Federal Funding for Physical Sciences Research to GDP Percent of GDP 0.100% 0.075% 0.050% 0.025% 0.000% 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 Source: American Asssociation for the Advancemt of Science. http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/guidisc.htm. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs. Scientists and Engineers Science and Engineering Ph.D.'s: U.S. passsed by Asia, trailing Europe T otal N S & E *** D octoral D egrees 23,000 21,000 19,000 17,000 15,000 13,000 11,000 9,000 1990 1992 1994 Asia* (Chn, Ind, Jpn, S.Korea, Twn) Total U.S. 1996 1998 2000 France, Germany, UK U.S. Citizens** 2002 Scientists and Engineers U.S. Graduate Institutions: Foreign students outnumber U.S students in Physical Sciences* & Engineering F u ll- T im e G ra d u a t e S t u d e n t s Thousands 90 U.S. Students and Permanent Residents Foreign Students 60 30 0 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 *Mathematical and Computer Science included. Source: National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Statistics: Graduate Students and Engineering: Fall 2002; Compiled by the American Physical Society Office of Public Affairs. Scientists and Engineers Science and Engineering Education China (2001) South Korea Iran Italy Sweden United Kingdom (2001) Japan (2001) Israel United States 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% Percent of University Population Source: 2004 NSF Science and Engineering Indicators. Appendix 2-33. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs. 60.0% 70.0% Knowledge Creation and New Ideas Knowledge Creation and New Ideas High-Tech Economy The U.S. Innovation Economy: A Physicist’s Model Prosperity $$ New Jobs New Products Ideas Patents Investments modest compared to payoffs Articles Scientists/Engineers Research Investment Influencing Science Budgets • Congress Î Influence appropriators • Ask your Congressman to lobby appropriators – Personal letter/talk – Dear Colleague letters • Direct interactions with appropriators – Constituents – VIP’s – Staff • Public Relations – Press, Op-Eds, Rotary Clubs, … APS Grassroots Efforts • Template letters at APS website – Contact Congress at APS Meetings (6000+ letters) – Email alerts – Follow up • Visits • Op-Eds Dear Colleague Letter 2005 Letter Writing Activity Senator John William (John) Warner (R-VA-001) Senator George F. (George) Allen (R-VA-002) Congresswoman Jo Ann Davis (R-VA-001) Congresswoman Thelma D. (Thelma) Drake (R-VA-002) Congressman Robert C. (Bobby) Scott (D-VA-003) Congressman James Randy (Randy) Forbes (R-VA-004) Congressman Virgil H. (Virgil) Goode (R-VA-005) Congressman Bob Goodlatte (R-VA-006) Congressman Eric Cantor (R-VA-007) Congressman James P. (Jim) Moran (D-VA-008) Congressman Rick Boucher (D-VA-009) Congressman Frank R. (Frank) Wolf (R-VA-010) Congressman Tom Davis (R-VA-011) Thresholds: House ~10 Senate ~25 108 109 37 3 7 0 10 8 4 20 8 5 6 VA Congressional Delegation House Record on NSF and DOE Office of Science Dear Colleague compiled by American Physical Society Office of Public Affairs, 11/22/04 D.C. ==> Dear Colleague; csp ==> cosponsor; * ==> original cosponsor ==> not in Congress VA VA VA VA VA VA VA VA VA VA VA 9 7 1 11 2 4 5 6 8 3 10 D Yes R R Yes R Yes Yes R R R R D yes D R Yes csp csp Yes Yes Yes Yes csp csp Yes Yes csp csp* Yes No Yes Yes Yes csp csp* Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes D.C. 2005 D.C. 2004 D.C. 2002 HR 4664 vote Function 250 2004 D.C. 2005 NSF D.C. 2004 HR 34 * is original csp FY04 Conference D.C. HR 5270 D.C. 2002 D.C. 2001 D.C. 2000 District party Members of the House Boucher, Rick (D-VA, 9th) Cantor, Eric (R-VA, 7th) Davis, Jo Ann (R-VA, 1st) Davis, Tom (R-VA, 11th) Drake, Thelma (R-VA, 2nd) Forbes, J. Randy (R-VA, 4th) Goode, Virgil (R-VA, 5th) Goodlatte, Bob (R-VA, 6th) Moran, James (D-VA, 8th) Scott, Robert (D-VA, 3rd) Wolf, Frank (R-VA, 10th) State DOE Office of Science D.C. 2003 Key: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes* Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes VA Senators R VA Yes Yes Yes Yes ind.* R VA Yes Yes Yes Yes csp* Yes D.C. 2005 D.C. 2004 S. 915 D. C. 2003 D.C. 2002 DOE Office of Science D.C. 2001 D.C. 2001 state Senators Allen, George (R-VA) Warner, John (R-VA) party NSF Yes Yes Grassroots Network • Need to increase support for science research ÎNetwork of District Advocates – Local liaisons who lobby a office – APS provides • Materials • Coordination • Recommendations on strategy Grassroots Advocacy Works! • 2005 Senate Dear Colleague letter: 68 Signatures –… • Be involved – – – – Respond to alerts Be a “DA” Contact us if visiting Washington Speak at local Rotary club Conclusions • Federal support for research needs help • Message must be compelling • Congress – Supportive but no money – Funding dynamics make science funding difficult • Administration needs convincing • Grassroots activity effective and absolutely essential For more info or to participate • Benchmarks Report – http://www.futureofinnovation.org • APS Office of Public Affairs – http://www.aps.org/public_affairs/index.cfm – [email protected] • APS Membership – http://www.aps.org/memb/index.cfm Advocating a Dear Colleague • Brute force methods – Phonecalls, letters, visits • Finesse – Official university contact – Using rapport developed with office – Department letters 2 0 0 2 C o n s ta n t D o lla r s (M illio n s ) Federal Funding (cont’d) DOE Office of Science, NSF, and NIH 30000 25000 20000 15000 Office of Science NSF NIH Requested 10000 5000 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Compiled by t he American Physical Societ y Of f ice of Public Af f airs f rom OMB, FY03 Hist orical Tables; DOE Of f ice of Science web pages and Of f ice of Budget , NIH. 2002 const ant dollars based on GDP def lat or. Where’s the Administration? Average Percentage Changes in Indicators and Accounts Since FY01 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 6. 2 S 6. 1 OD D IS T N & ST R SF N SC OE D PI G DP To tal Di sc re tio na ry To tal Re se N ar on ch -N IH Re se ar ch -5.00% BR D G DP PI 0.00% -10.00% Through FY05 Through FY06 Presidential Annual Requested Changes Through FY06