Final Inception Report

Transcription

TA No. 7189-INO:
Institutional Strengthening for Integrated Water Resources
Management in the 6 Cis River Basin Territory – (Package E)
October 2011
TA 7189-INO Institutional Strengthening for Integrated Water Resources Management
in the 6 Cis River Basin Territory (Package E)
Table of Contents
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 1
2
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3
GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING ......................................................................................................... 12
3.1
3.2
3.3
4
Guiding Principles ............................................................................................................. 53
Methods............................................................................................................................ 55
PILOT PROJECTS ....................................................................................................................... 62
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
7
Synthesis on Climate Change Impact Studies on Citarum River Basin............................... 22
Climate Change Modelling ................................................................................................ 22
Land Use Change Scenarios ............................................................................................ 24
Interrelationship between Package E and Other Packages ................................................ 35
Institutional Setting for Water Resources Management in the Citarum River Basin ............ 41
Provincial Preparedness ................................................................................................... 45
Potential for Community Outreach and Empowerment ...................................................... 46
Capacity Building Needs ................................................................................................... 46
Institutional Setting for WRM at CRB................................................................................. 48
GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS ...................................................................................... 53
5.1
5.2
6
Regional Importance of Citarum River Basin ..................................................................... 12
Observed Historical Changes of Climate ........................................................................... 17
The Impacts of Past Climate Variability in the CRB............................................................ 19
BASELINE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 22
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
Background ........................................................................................................................ 9
Project Description .............................................................................................................. 9
Contract Negotiations ....................................................................................................... 10
Purpose of This Report ..................................................................................................... 11
Mitigation vs. Adaptation ................................................................................................... 62
Site Selection of Initial Pilot Activities ................................................................................ 64
Developing Objective Selection Criteria............................................................................. 65
The Adaptation Pilots ........................................................................................................ 67
The Mitigation Pilots.......................................................................................................... 70
MAIN OUTPUTS, WORK PLAN AND BUDGET IMPLICATIONS.................................................. 78
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
Project Office and Counterpart Arrangements ................................................................... 78
The Work Plan and Analysis of Outputs, Tasks and Activities ............................................ 78
Specialist Staff and Allocation of Tasks ............................................................................. 86
Budget Estimations ........................................................................................................... 88
Implementation Challenges ............................................................................................... 96
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List of Tables
Table 2.1
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 5.1
Table 5.2
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 6.3
Table 6.4
Table 6.5
Table 6.6
Table 6.7
Table 6.8
Table 6.9
Table 6.10
Table 7.1
Table 7.2
Table 7.3
Table 7.4
Table 7.5
Reporting Schedule of Package E
Area of Sub-Watersheds in Citarum and Districts and Cities Situated in the Sub Watersheds
Fraction of Forest and Non-Forest Area of the Upper, Middle and Lower Citarum River Basin
Land Use / Cover of the CRB
Area of Critical Land in Non-Forest and Forest Areas at Citarum River Basin
List of Available GCMs in the IPCC Model Archive
Land Use Change in Upper Citarum in the Period 1983 and 2003
Capacity of the Big Three Reservoirs in CRB
Interrelationships between this Package E and the Other Packages of this TA Project
Districts (Kabupaten) and Cities (Kota) at West Java Province that Have Developed Climate
Change Policies and Programs
Required Spatial and Tabular Data
Function and List of Indicators
Types of On-Going and Proposed Climate Change Related Projects by the Local
Governments West Java Province
Examples of Adaptation Measures in the Water and Agriculture Sectors
Projected Trends in GHG Emissions from the Waste Sector under a BAU Scenario (Gg CO 2e)
Examples from West Java of Solid Waste Management Prevention Programs before Final
Disposal
The Criteria Required to Be Met for a Recognized GHG Mitigation Project
Relationship between Waste Management Project Objectives and UNFCC Methodologies for
the Solid Waste Sector
Waste Management Projects in Indonesia Focused on the Voluntary Carbon Market
Mitigation Projects Typical of the Agriculture and Energy Sectors
Financial Distribution for Registering a GHG Mitigation Project under a CDM Scheme
Various Models for Financing GHG Mitigation Projects
Definition of Project Outputs
List of Knowledge Products / Project Deliverables and Estimated Completion Date
Percentage of Time Each Specialist is Allocating to Project Outputs
Person Days Allocated to Achieve Each Output
Objectives, Training Materials, Training Dates, Target Stakeholders and Budget Allocations
for Workshops/Trainings/RTDs
List of Figures
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.8
Figure 3.9
Figure 3.10
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.4
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.6
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.8
Figure 4.9
Figure 4.10
Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
Figure 4.13
Location Map of Citarum River Basin
The Topography Condition of Upper Area of the CRB
Mean Monthly (a) Average, (b) Maximum, (c) Minimum Temperature and (d) Rainfall
Anomaly of Electricity Production from 1992-2006 in Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur Dam
Cumulative Area Affected by Drought and Flood in Rice Growing Area of West Java between
Normal and ENSO Years
Spatial Correlation Plots for September–October Citarum Streamflow and Gridded August
SST.
Land Use Map of Year 1990
Land Use Development under a Business-as-Usual Scenario
Land Use Development under Ecological Concern Scenario
Land Use Development under Pro-Industrialization Scenario
Land Use Development under Pro-Agriculture Scenario
Location and Position of Sub-Watershed Upper Catchment of Cisadane, Bogor, West Java,
Indonesia
Temperature and Humidity Distribution at Upper Catchment of Cisadane
Wind Velocity Level at Upper Catchment of Cisadane
Sun Radiation Fluctuation at Upper Catchment of Cisadane
Rain Fall in Upper Catchment of Cisadane
3 -1
River Discharge (m s ) and Rainfall Curves (mm) in Cisadane Upper Catchment
Result Simulation Discharge in Upper Catchment of Cisadane River
Correlation between Qobserved and Qsimulated Data
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Figure 4.14
Figure 4.15
Figure 4.16
Figure 4.17
Figure 4.18
Figure 4.19
Figure 5.1
Figure 6.1
Figure 6.2
Figure 7.1
Relationship of Package E Activities with Other Packages of This TA Project
Relation of Package E with Package A, B1, B2, B3, C & D of this TA Project
Process of Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Agenda: Policies, Guidelines,
Roadmaps & Investment Funds
Urgent Activities Required for Assisting Local Government in Mainstreaming Climate Change
into Long Term Development Program
Types of Climate Change Training Activities Requested by Local Government
Institutional Setting for WRM in CRB
The GIS Procedure to Assess Vulnerability
Strategy for Developing and Synergizing Pilots for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
at CRB under Package E of TA 7189-INO
Financial Mechanism for the Implementation of Climate Change Program in Indonesia
Relationships between the TASKS and OUTPUTS
Annexes
Annex 1
Annex 2
Annex 3
Annex 4
Annex 5
Annex 6
Annex 7
Reference
Analysis of Work Plan Outputs, Tasks and Activities
Revised Work Plan
Revised Budget Plan
Climate Change Government Readiness Assessment
Stakeholder Consultation Meetings Held by Package E during the Inception Phase
Summary of Report from the Workshop Sessions during the Inception Workshop 19 April,
2011
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Glossary of Terms
ADB
Asian Development Bank
BAPPENAS
Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional (National Planning and Development
Agency)
BPLHD
Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (Provincial Environmental Agency)
BNPB
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (National Agency for Disaster Management)
CCAM
Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric Model
CCAP
Climate Change Adaptation Program
CDM
Clean Development Mechanism
CER
Certified Emission Reductions
CHCWR
Clearing House Citarum Water Resources, a name suggested by TA ADB package E
CRB
Citarum River Basin
DGWR
Directorate General of Water Resources
DNA
Designated National Authority
ECMWF
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Model
ENSO
El Nino Southern Oscillation
ERPA
Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement
FEW
Field Extension Workers
GCM
Global Climate Model
GHG
Greenhouse Gas
GIS
Geographical Information System
GRDP
Gross Regional Domestic Product
HRU
Hydrologic Response Unit
IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IWRM
Integrated Water Resources Management
LG
Local Government
MoE
Ministry of Environment
MSW
Municipal Solid Waste
NDVI
Normalized Different Vegetation Index
NGO
Non Government Organization
PES
Payment for Environmental Services
PJT II
Perum Jasa Tirta II (CRB Operator)
POLA
It is an Indonesian term which is equal to ‘Strategic Plan’
RAN-GRK
National Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
RCM
Regional Climate Model
RDF
Refuse-Derived Fuel
REMO
Max Planck Institute Regional Climate Model
RENCANA
It is an Indonesian term which is equal to ‘Master Plan'
RPJMP
Long Term National Development Planning
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RPJMN
National Mid-Term Development Plan
SRI
System Rice Intensification
SWAT
Soil and Water Assessment Tool
SWDS
Solid Waste Disposal Site
TA
Technical Assistance
UNFCC
United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change
VERPA
Verified Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement
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in the 6 Cis River Basin Territory Package E
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0.1
The ADB technical assistance project for Institutional Strengthening for Integrated Water Resources
Management in the 6 Cis River Basin Territory (TA7189-INO) aims to strengthen the institutional
capacity of the Indonesian government of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the
Citarum River Basin (CRB) territory, and ensure effective implementation of the water resources
management program. This project is the package E of TA 7189-INO. The objectives of this
package are to provide technical assistance to the Ministry of Environment for mainstreaming climate
change issues in river basin planning, and complement and support the other TA projects and Loan
packages concerning water resources management in the region. This package was commenced
on 10 January, 2011 and is anticipated to complete on 9 July, 2013.
1.0.2
The consulting team of this package has undertaken preliminary investigations of the environmental
conditions and examined existing information of the Citarum River Basin during the inception phase,
and a preliminary survey of the institutional and human resources of the concerned government
departments to provide a basis for development and analysis of the work plan and budget needs for
implementing activities under this package. This Inception Report summarizes the findings of the
consulting team during the inception phase of the project. It also outlines the approach and
methodology that the consulting team will adopt to implement this package, as well as introduces
detailed work plan and budget estimates.
1.1
Regional Importance of Citarum Water Basin
1.1.1
This section presents the geographical setting of the Citarum River Basin (CRB) and the historical
impact of climate variability in this region. The eco-physical entity of the CRB, which will be the
focus for the climate change modelling in this package, totals about seven thousand square
kilometres. CRB is the most important watershed in West Java Province in terms of water resources
and economic activities. It plays a very important role not only for supplying water for 7 districts
(Bandung, Cimahi, Cianjur, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang, and 80% for Jakarta), but also for
irrigation and generating electricity. As local communities are highly dependent on the water from
the CRB, the impacts of climate change on the river basin are likely to have a considerable impact on
the livelihood of local communities.
1.1.2
Forest cover in the upper catchment area is very important in maintaining the hydrological function of
the watershed. However, extensive deforestation and erosion of the upper catchment means that it
is essential to focus on the conservation of forest cover for sustaining the ecosystems in the
watershed. Cultivation of high value cash crops has been a major driver of illegal deforestation and
has accelerated land degradation. Improving the condition of the upper catchment of the CRB area
with the participation of stakeholders from the whole CRB is critical. Various stakeholders have
been consulted during the inception phase and they have proposed that charges for environmental
services (PES) could be implemented in the CRB as a means of providing financial resource for
reforestation/afforestation and forest retention measures.
1.2
Observed Historical Change of Climate
1.2.1
A preliminary assessment of historical climate change in the CRB basin for the period 2000 to 2010
has been undertaken during the inception phase. Trend analysis of the mean monthly average, the
maximum and the minimum temperature has been conducted. The analysis result shows that
during the period 2000 to 2010, the CRB has experienced a temperature rise with an increasing trend
°
of average temperature equivalent to 1.5 C per 100 year. The minimum temperature data shows a
°
much faster rate of increase with a rate of 4 C per 100 year. The mean yearly rainfall data suggests
a decreasing trend of precipitation. Meanwhile, the data reveals that there is an increasing trend in
precipitation during the wet season while the data suggests opposite trend in the dry season. These
results are consistent with the general predictions of climate change impacts. Moreover, the data
indicates that there is an increasing trend of relative humidity and evaporation over the study area,
while there is a decreasing trend of wind speed.
1.2.2
The impacts of past climate variability in the CRB has also been reviewed. Rainfall variability has a
significant impact on the amount of water stored in dams. Many studies suggest that rainfall
variability in Indonesia is strongly influenced by the ENSO. A significant decrease in water levels in
the dams triggered by this phenomenon has caused serious impact on electricity generation and the
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amount of water available for irrigation. The data of the three major dams in the CRB has been
analyzed. The most notable feature of the data was that in the El-Niño years from 1997 onwards,
the dams were not able to produce electricity above the long term means, suggesting that the
degradation of forest, particularly in the upper catchment areas of the watershed has reduced the
buffering capacity of the forest ecosystem, thereby increasing the difference between the maximum
peak flow in the wet season and the minimum flow in the dry season.
1.2.3
Significant changes in rainfall and river flow during ENSO years have also caused serious impacts on
rice production in Java due to flood and drought. In addition, the water shortage during extreme dry
years and flooding during extreme wet years in the CRB have influenced the availability of potable
water, especially in urban areas.
1.3
Synthesis on Climate Change Impact Studies on Citarum River Basin
1.3.1
A baseline analysis focusing on different aspects of climate change studies in the CRB has been
undertaken in the inception phase. The analysis includes climate change modelling, assessment of
the interrelationship between package E and other packages of this TA project, as well as a review of
institutional setting for water resource management in the CRB. Four studies which focus on the
impact of climate change in the CRB have been identified. The findings of these studies indicate
that climate change impact will be more severe if the forest area is not conserved. They also
suggest that most of the districts in the lower catchment may be exposed to serious water scarcity in
the future.
1.4
Climate Change Modelling
1.4.1
In this project, both statistical and dynamic downscaling techniques will be used to generate climate
information over the CRB area. The available GCM data from the IPCC Data Distribution Centre will
be used for statistical downscaling. Data of two extreme scenarios (A2 and B1) and one moderate
scenario (A1B) will be used to develop climatic information for the CRB area. Multiple regression
models will be used for statistical downscaling of the GCMs data. Specific humidity, precipitation, air
pressure, air temperature, and wind speed data are available from GCMs and will be downscaled
using the ground based station data over the CRB area.
1.4.2
Dynamic downscaling of the GCM will use high resolution data from the Regional Climate Model
(RCM). The open source, RegCM has been considered for this study. The moderate A1B
scenario is available for generating future climatic conditions. The horizontal resolution of the output
of the RCM will be 20 km. The dynamically downscaled climate information will be bias-corrected
using the available ground based measurements.
1.5
Land Use Change Scenarios
1.5.1
Land use change scenarios have also been assessed and outlined in this report. The most suitable
model for constructing land use change scenarios would be one that can indicate the location and the
time of the changes. However, this type of model requires a lot of data and complicated
mathematical computation. To generate useful information for this study, the consultant team of this
package will work closely with other packages and align its approach with the JCM Model of Package
B2 which will elaborate the predictions of the West Java Spatial Plan.
1.6
Hydrological Impacts
1.6.1
The analysis of hydrological impacts and the approach to implement hydrological stimulation have
been conducted during the inception phase. Hydrological simulation models are often used together
with climate scenarios to evaluate the impacts of potential climate change on water resources.
Confidence in the modelling results can vary greatly depending on the methods used for the climate
scenario development and the hydrological modelling. Literatures reviewed suggested that
increased temperature caused a decrease in water yield. Besides, increased CO2, and precipitation
caused the largest increase in water yield.
Simulation results indicated that increased
concentrations of atmospheric CO2 would worsen water yield loss due to the effects of increased
temperature or decreased precipitation.
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1.6.2
To evaluate climate change risks and vulnerability, this package will use the SWAT (Soil and Water
Assessment Tools) hydrological model. SWAT is a basin scale, continuous time model that
operates on a daily time step. It is designed to predict the impact of management on water,
sediment and agricultural chemical yields in ungauged watersheds. Hydrological simulation for this
package will be developed using the outputs of Climate Change model and inputs for various land
use scenarios.
1.7
Interrelationship between Package E and Other Packages
1.7.1
The interrelationships between this package and other packages have been analyzed and discussed
during the inception mission. The areas where these packages could be integrated into this project
are summarized in Table 4.4. To achieve synergy, the consulting team of this package will work
closely with the other packages of this TA to maximise the efficient and effective use of resources.
1.8
Institutional Setting for Water Resource Management at Citarum River Basin
1.8.1
The issues of climate change are addressed in the Long-Term National Development Plan
2005-2035 (RPJMP 2005-2035). The National Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMN 2010-2014)
has suggested to integrate climate change concerns into national development planning through
cross-sectoral development. To provide guidance for synergizing programs and actions of climate
change adaptation and mitigation within various sectors, each sector has been required to develop a
sectoral roadmap. The detail of the roadmap for water, agricultural and waste management sector
are presented in Section 4.5.
1.8.2
The West Java Provincial Government has developed a Green Program to reduce GHG emissions by
the year of 2029. One of the key activities of this package will assist local, provincial and national
agencies to adapt their roles and functions to accommodate climate change impact. The project will
also engage the provincial host agency - BPLHD, in the annual budget planning cycle to ensure that
sufficient funding will be available to support collaboration between the consulting team and different
agencies on the project tasks and activities. In addition, the consulting team will explore the
opportunities of receiving international financial and technological supports.
1.8.3
To assess the awareness level of local governments on national and provincial climate change
policies and programs, a questionnaire survey has been undertaken. In the survey, questionnaires
were sent to 22 government staffs of 12 Districts and 5 Cities in West Java. Analysis of the
questionnaires suggested that most of the local governments in West Java are aware of the national
and provincial climate change policies and programs. More than half of the local governments have
started to develop local policies and programs to address climate change. Nevertheless, the
management agencies of the River Basins in West Java have not yet begun to integrate climate
change issues into their planning process. Based on the consultation with the BLHD of West Java
Province, it is essential for this package to strengthen the institutional capacity of formulating strategic
policies to address future climatic challenges.
1.8.4
Stakeholders (government, civil society and private organization) are aware of the importance of
strengthening community capacity to manage the CRB. However, the planning and implementation
of these activities are not well coordinated. Limited supply of field extension workers (FEW) is the
fundamental problem leading to this condition. Furthermore, many of the FEW are contracted
employees, or of an age that may not able to engage in the necessary field work\. These factors have
constrained the knowledge and skills available for implementing the community strengthening
program. The bureaucracy of institutional structure is the second barrier to effective implementation
of community capacity strengthening program. From a community development point of view, better
management could be achieved if communities are given more responsibility and flexibility to make
their own decisions. Since the climate change concept would be introduced during the community
development, provision of training on this area should be considered in this package. It is expected
that the package will be able to contribute to at least three activities:
advocacy to recruit more FEW;
training programs for FEW; and
participatory extension practices and entrepreneurship.
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1.8.5
To effectively address current and future climate risks, a survey on capacity building needs was
conducted. The result of the survey indicates that more than half of the respondents demanded
receiving various climate change training. Also, the result reveals that the most imminent needs of
the local governments are to receive assistance in developing effective climate change programs in
response to:
the impacts and vulnerabilities of all sectors to climate change;
identification of potential mitigation measures; and
the implementation of best practice, community-based, climate change pilot projects.
1.8.6
The consulting team has also analyzed the institutional framework of water resource management in
national, provincial and local government level. At the national level, watershed management
planning is within the authority of BAPPENAS, while the implementation of technical aspects of the
river basin management is through the line agencies of the Ministries of Public Works, Interior,
Forestry, Agriculture and Health. At the provincial and local government level, BPLHD acts as the
coordinating agency for environmental management programs and activities.
1.8.7
In summary, the analysis has shown that the government of West Java and the local government of
the CRB have begun to address climate change challenges and are still exploring suitable
institutional structure which can overcome the problems incurred by inter-sectoral differences in the
current institutional structure.
1.9
Guiding Principles and Methods
1.9.1
The design and implementation of this technical assistance project will follow key guiding principles
as listed below:
A holistic and Integrated Management Approach - A holistic and integrated management
approach is needed to replace the traditional sectoral and piecemeal approach that
characterizes past and current practices of water resource planning.
Science-Based Climate Risk Assessment and Planning - Scientifically robust assessments
are key in anticipating climate change impacts and in turn for “climate proofing” current and
future investments, and in the identification of effective adaptation and mitigation strategies to
reduce adverse impacts and promote climate change resilient communities and ecosystems.
Participatory Multi-Stakeholder Approach - The active participation of various stakeholders at
different levels is a key principle that will be employed in the project to create a high degree of
awareness on climate change matters, mobilize their support in planning and project
implementation, and solicit their commitment to sustain the project activities and benefits beyond
the project life.
Balancing Outputs and Processes - Consistent with the participatory multi-stakeholder
principle espoused by the project, equal emphasis will be given in terms of the timely production
of the required deliverable outputs and the major processes involved during the project
implementation.
Knowledge Product Oriented - The project is also oriented towards producing various
knowledge products throughout the course of implementation. Such products will include
different guidebooks, manuals, and policy briefs which will be valuable not only to CRB
stakeholders but also to other national and international users who are concerned about
integrated and sustainable water resources management which involve multi-stakeholders.
1.9.2
This package has been divided into two phases for implementation. These two phases have been
conceived to be implemented in an overlapping way starting with the reviews and analysis in
mainstreaming climate change concerns into water resources management during the first year of the
project with the pilots being introduced late in the first year. Conducting the phases in a parallel
fashion will allow time to cultivate a depth and breadth of stakeholder engagement. Moreover, by
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adopting a parallel implementation approach, it is believed that progress could be made in stimulating
individual and institutional behavioural change through community empowerment and outreach
activities.
1.9.3
The outputs of this package will be achieved through the implementation of twenty three Tasks which
are defined in the work plan Annex 2. The basis for managing the investigations will be:
A focus on climate change modelling and its downscaling results to provide the most timely and
cost effective indication of the risks and impacts of climate change in the CRB territory;
The ordering, analysis and utilisation of factual information as the basis for objective institutional
strengthening of government and civil society organisations. These data will also form the
basis for outreaching activities to be managed under a communication strategy; and
A focus on participatory processes involving the broadest range of stakeholders. For this a
communication and community empowerment strategy is to be developed which will utilize
inputs from all specialists and to which all specialists will refer in approaching their tasks.
1.9.4
The following summarized the methods and approaches which will be adopted to achieve the three
areas of key activities:
Climate Change Modeling and the Issue of Scale - In a region of complex topography like
Indonesia, GCMs are not able to show satisfactory performance in simulating regional variability
of precipitation. There is a need to downscale the coarse grid size climate variables of GCM
using statistical and dynamic downscaling techniques to generate climatic information over the
CRB area.
Information Management and GIS – Application of geographic information system (GIS) is
determined by the data set and the data organization. The data analysis process has been
discussed in Section 5.2 of this report. In general, all data produced for or by this TA will be
delivered in longitude and latitude (geographic) coordinates. All digital imagery, such as remote
sensing data, is to be saved as tagged image file format (.TIFF) or (.IMG) files with the proper
header file (or world file) for geo-referencing purposes.
o
Data Collection and Compilation - Datasets are available in different public government
agencies and private data providers and exist in varied formats, such as reference systems,
spatial and temporal resolutions as well as documentation. Data has to be harmonized to
reach a uniform for vulnerability and risk assessment.
o
Data Analysis and Application - The data analysis and application functionalities determine
the information that can be generated by the GIS. A list of required capabilities will need to
be defined as a part of the system requirement in data analysis.
o
Data Exchange Format - Data exchange formats detail specifically how data should be
exchanged, supplied and saved. ESRI shapefiles (*.shp) are the preferred format for
Environmental spatial data. The minimum requirement is that all data supplied must include
the three basic files that comprise the data set (*.shp, *.shx, *.dbf).
o
Data File Name - File names should be as descriptive as possible. An ordinary user should
easily understand the title of the dataset. Spaces should not be included in file names; use
underscores ( _ ) instead.
Community Development, Communication and Outreach Strategy – The project will seek to
fill the current capacity gaps in communities by addressing the challenges of communicating and
understanding of climate change and the potential actions that individuals and institutions can
take. This package will compile and analyze the wide range of materials that have already
been produced by national and provincial government agencies. The key to effective
knowledge transfer is using interactive learning approach. This approach will underpin the work
which is carried out in the course of this Project. Based on the feedback received during the
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Inception Workshop, the consulting team will undertake the following as the Community
Outreach and Empowerment component:
1.10
o
Extension worker capacity building;
o
Communication Materials Development;
o
Community Education;
o
Pilot Projects;
o
Community Network Building; and
o
Linking Among Stakeholders.
Pilot Projects
1.10.1 The Pilot Projects and associated activities will be implemented in the second phase of this package.
Pilot mitigation activities will focus on community-based waste-to-energy projects in both rural
and urban areas. Pilot adaptation activities will involve water conservation, climate proofing
water infrastructure and sustainable agriculture.
1.10.2 Baseline investigations undertaken during the inception phase of this project have revealed that there
are already at least 66 on-going and proposed climate change mitigation and adaptation activities in
17 local government regions in West Java. Selection of pilots for this TA will begin with a review of
existing activities and will consider the support that this package could complement to these activities
to ensure their success.
1.10.3 The selection of pilot activities should be based on objective criteria. The criteria should be carefully
selected and determined without bias to ensure acceptance by relevant stakeholders and would not
favour any vested interests. One approach which is being considered for implementation in this
project is the Delphi method. Based on the discussion with local governments during the inception
phase, it is proposed that the pilot activities that involve communities should contribute to at least
three components:
institutional strengthening;
strong extension services; and
availability of initial support for inputs and development of additional economic activities.
1.10.4 Based on the suggestions from public consultation meetings and in consultations with MoE and
BPLHD, a list of potential sites in three catchments (i.e., upper, middle and lower water catchment)
for pilots will be developed. This package will provide technical assistance to BPLHD to organize a
process of site selection activities for selecting sites for 3 pilot adaptation activities and 2 pilot
mitigation activities.
1.10.5 The Terms of Reference (ToR) for each pilot activity will clearly describe its objectives and expected
outcomes, the specific activities, the stakeholders to be involved, estimated budget and
implementation timeline. The process of developing the ToR may involve stakeholders consultation
to refine the policy context or the objectives. The TA may develop a coordination system with other
agencies to synergize various activities in developing the pilots. The consultant team will also
provide assistance to BPLHD of West Java Province, Districts and Municipal to develop monitoring
indicators. A channel for awareness raising and dissemination of the implementation process and
lessons learnt from the pilots will be developed in consultation with MoE and BPLHD.
1.10.6 Lessons learnt from the pilots will be used to develop strategies for up-scaling and replicating the
pilots. This package will also assist government to identify the potential source of funding for
supporting the programs. At the national level, the approach to determine potential funding for
further replication and up-scaling will be aligned with the outputs of Package A, mediated by the
consulting team and implemented in consultation with the Ministry of Environment and relevant
government agencies to ensure they are engaged in the planning system and the budget planning
cycle. This process will be replicated at the provincial level through the BPLHD. This package will
specifically assist the BPLHD in exploring public sector donor funding and private-public partnerships.
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The project team will also provide assistance in preparation of at least two adaptation project
documents for applying external funding. Potential funding mechanisms will be reviewed by the
consulting team in order to identify appropriate opportunities that may be targeted in the design of
adaptation projects.
1.10.7 Promoting effective adaptation has gained recent interest and priority in the international and national
levels. Hence, it is an important component of this package. Adaptations include anticipatory and
reactive actions which can relate to projected changes in temperature, current climate variations and
extremes resulting from climate change. The design of the pilot activities will emphasize the
importance of promoting learning opportunities among different participating stakeholders to
successfully design and implement adaptation initiatives. This would be an important component to
achieve the overall goal of promoting sustainable and integrated management in the CRB. Three
initial pilot activities will be designed and implemented in the water and agriculture sectors in this
package:
Water Conservation - Water conservation is the principle that requires the effective
management and protection of water resources. Further investigation and advice from the
BPLHD and local governments will be collected to determine which of these types of projects will
be pursued in this project. Prioritisation of the pilot activities will be carried out taking into
consideration of the existing initiatives as identified in Section 6.2 as well as in consultation with
relevant agencies.
Climate Proofing Water Infrastructure - Water infrastructure needs to be defined in the context
of the CRB. Critical infrastructure for the pilot initiatives should be identified by stakeholder in a
consultative and participatory approach. Key questions to be assessed may include:
o
What are the technical and operational impacts from climate change?
o
What are the potential adaptation options to address these impacts?
o
What are the potential barriers to implementing these options?
o
What are the opportunities from adapting our infrastructure?
Sustainable Agriculture - The strategy for implementing adaptation programs will be developed
within two time horizons. In the short term, programs for adaptation are directed to improve
climate risk management and to increase the welfare of farmer through optimizing the use of
climate information and climate-friendly technology. In the long term, programs should be
directed to increase the resilience of the agriculture system to future climate risks through the
revitalization of long term policies and planning.
Mitigation Pilots
1.10.8 The Indonesian Designated National Authority (DNA) has approved 125 CDM projects as of April
2011. The majority of the DNA-approved CDM projects are concerned with renewable energy
projects and waste management projects.
According to Indonesia’s Second National
Communication (SNC), one of the main sources of GHG emissions in the country comes from the
waste sector. There are 10 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) mitigation projects under the CDM
scheme. Other CDM mitigation projects in waste sector focus on industrial wastewater.
1.10.9 This package requires implementation of biogas management and solid waste management. While
it is recognised that there is already much experience in implementing biogas and solid waste
reduction projects, the priority for this package will be seeking those which elaborate difficult aspects,
or explore new technologies or approaches. Activities on socializing and designing of pilot activities
are proposed to commence within the first year of this project in order to ensure maximum ownership
and commitment from government and stakeholders. The involvement of the stakeholders in the
early stage of pilot project design will be critical to ensure supporting funds are organized within the
APPB routine budget cycle. A wide range of technologies are available to mitigate GHG emissions
from waste. These techniques will be further explored during the site selection process for pilot
activities.
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1.10.10 Mitigation Pilots could be qualified as a CDM project and could receive emission reduction credits if
they meet criteria under the UNFCCC framework. Successful implementation of these activities can
have impacts at regional, national and global levels and contribute to improving local wealth. These
projects could be single CDM project or those under Programmes of Activities (PoA). The design of
the CDM projects will require stakeholder consultation and provision of training on CDM. The
importance of the support by the Indonesia Designated National Authority (DNA) on UNFCCC
registration will be one of the aspects emphasized in the training activities.
1.11
Work Plan and Budget Analysis
1.11.1 The Project will consist of six major Outputs which are to be achieved through 23 tasks. Each task
consists of a series of activities. Annex 3 provides the details of these activities and presents the
expected timeframe of these activities.
1.11.2 The tasks and activities were derived from two team planning workshops. The first workshop was
held between 7th and 9th of March which had produced a scheme. The scheme was subsequently
th
st
modified based on the feedback collected in the inception workshops on 20 and 21 of April.
st
rd
During the second team planning workshop between 21 and 23 of April, tasks were developed by
taking reference to the detailed ToR provided by ADB, complemented by the AECOM Technical
Proposal and then further considered in terms of a logical sequence of steps needed to collect,
analyse and disseminate information in the form required for each OUTPUT. The relationships
between the Outputs and the Tasks are shown in Figure 7.1 which is reproduced below:
1. Climate Change Adaptation
and Mitigation Assessments
(Task 1, Task 2, Task 3, Task 4)
2. Two Operational Guidelines)
(Task 6, Task 7)
Framework for
enhancing water
management systems
3.
(Task 8, Task 9, Task 10)
Task 12. Training on CC Mitigation
and Adaptation (Task 12)
5.
Climate Changes Pilots,
Communication and
awareness rising
Tasks 15, 16, 17, & 18
Task 13. Development of CC
Action Plan
4. Specific CC Action Plan and Capacity Development
6.6. Development
of project
documents
for for
Development
of project
documents
external
funding
Task19
19,
20 and 21)
external
funding
(Task
– 23)
1.12
1.12.1 The time allocation of each output, person-day allocation, and budget estimation are presented in
Table 7.3, Table 7.4 and Table 7.5. The budget estimate for each activity is provided in Annex 4.
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2
INTRODUCTION
2.1
Background
2.1.1
In December 2008, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a major Technical Assistance
Grant to fund for a technical assistance (TA) project which consists of four packages. This TA
project aims to enhance the institutional capacity of the Indonesian government for integrated water
1
resources management (IWRM) in the 6 Cis river basin territory . This project is implemented by the
Directorate General of Water Resources in the Ministry of Public Works and complemented by a loan
project directed at improving water management in the Citarum River Basin area.
2.1.2
This TA project was subsequently expanded to include an additional component in order to address
the climate change impacts and concerns into water resource management and planning. This
additional component, which is named as Package E (this package) of the TA project, is designed to
investigate the potential impacts and risks of climate change to the Citarum River Basin area in West
Java, and the practical projects activities that could be undertaken to mitigate or adapt to these
impacts, with the eventual goals to:
promote climate-resilient development in the Citarum River Basin (CRB); and
create an environment conducive to mainstreaming climate change concerns into CRB water
resources planning at both policy and operational levels.
2.1.3
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. (AECOM) was appointed by ADB to provide technical assistance to the
Ministry of Environment (MoE, the Executing Agency of Package E) for this package. The package
E commenced on 10 January 2011 and is scheduled to complete on 9 July 2013.
2.1.4
This is the Final Inception Report (IR) of Package E which serves to summarize the consultant team’s
findings in the inception phase, and outline the methodology and approaches that the consultant
team will adopt to implement this package, as well as the work plan of this package.
2.2
Project Description
Project Objectives
2.2.1
The objectives of this package are to promote climate-resilient development in the Citarum River
Basin and create an environment that is conducive to mainstreaming climate change concerns into
CRB water resource planning and thereby to reduce the vulnerability of the local communities to
climate change and improve their livelihoods. This package, through implementation of various
project activities, will strengthen the capacity of the local government to mitigate climate change risk
and adapt to the impacts in the key sectors such as the water, waste management and agriculture
sectors.
2.2.2
The package is conceived in two overlapping phases. The main objective of the first phase is to
build a common understanding of climate change impacts in the CRB region and create an enabling
environment for mainstreaming climate change concerns into Citarum water resource management.
The key tasks in phase 1 will include:
assessment of local vulnerability to climate change;
identification and assessment of on-going and potential adaptation and mitigation measures;
development of working papers and operational guidelines for mainstreaming climate change
concerns in IWRM;
identification and prioritization of key pilot activities and climate change adaptation and mitigation
policies and measures; and
1
ADB TA-7189-INO: Institutional Strengthening for Integrated Water Resources Management in the 6 Cis River Basin
Territory
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preparation of climate change action plans and a strategic framework document on water and
climate change in the CRB.
2.2.3
The second phase is to test and demonstrate, through pilot activities, how community based
responses with the support of government can mitigate risks and promote adaptation through land
and resource use changes. The key tasks of phase 2 include:
design and implementation of climate change mitigation pilot activities, focusing on biogas
projects and solid waste management projects that have the potential, inter alia to improve water
quality in the CRB;
preparation of CDM project design documents for mitigation pilot activities;
design and implementation of three climate change adaptation pilot activities;
awareness raising events and training events on water resource management, climate change
and CDM; and
development of CRB-specific guidebooks on mitigation and adaptation, and a financing plan to
guide climate change investments up to 2025.
2.2.4
The experience gained in government through participation in the project will strengthen government
capacity to access and capture further assistance from international carbon markets and international
funds, such as Special Climate Change Fund and Adaptation Fund.
2.2.5
According to the requirement of ADB for this package, the consultant team will prepare and submit
five technical reports. Table 2.1 shows the reporting schedule of this package.
Table 2.1
Reporting Schedule of Package E
Reports
Submission Schedule
Draft Inception Report
2 months of mobilization
~3 months of mobilization (2 weeks after the
Inception Workshop)
First Progress Report
Second Progress Report
Third Progress Report
Draft Final Report
Final Report
2.3
Contract Negotiations
2.3.1
The contract negotiation meeting for this package was held at ADB headquarters in Manila on 25
November, 2010. The key areas agreed in the meeting included the followings:
th
This package should be implemented in a way that the Government takes leadership proactively
and the role of Consultant should be solely supportive to achieve this package objectives;
Although major activities of the TA will be implemented in cooperation with Ministry of
Environment, full support on this TA should be extended to all related ministries, provinces and
local communities depending on the actual needs assessment;
Expertise for Climate Change modelling should be obtained from various universities (e.g.
Universities of Tokyo and California) and from ongoing ADB TAs;
Pilot activities should be carefully selected based on agreed criteria, without favouring any
vested interests;
Close monitoring of pilot activities should be ensured by designing an effective monitoring and
implementation framework;
Capacity development actions and pilot activities should be mutually supportive;
Reporting, information dissemination and reviewing mechanism will have to be in close
consultation with ADB and implementing agencies, and be based on feedback from all
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stakeholders involved. Second and Third progress reports will also discuss progress in
implementing the pilot activities;
Both capacity building and pilot activities should be designed in a manner that gender
considerations are effectively mainstreamed; and
International best practices for capacity building and piloting should be employed. Local
communities should be engaged proactively to ensure local ownership of the project.
Opportunities should be created to engage international and national volunteers to assist the
implementation of TA.
2.4
Purpose of This Report
2.4.1
This is the Final Inception Report which has been revised based by integrating the findings in the
Inception Workshop and Meeting on 19 and 20 April 2011 at Jakarta and Bandung into the Draft
Inception Report.
2.4.2
The Inception Report summarizes the findings of the consultant team in the inception phase of the
project, and provides an overview of the baseline conditions in the Citarum River Basin Territory. It
also outlines the approaches and methodologies that the consultant team will apply to implement this
project, as well as the planned project activities and their budget and timeframe.
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3
GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING
3.1
Regional Importance of Citarum River Basin
3.1.1
The Citarum River Basin is located in West Java and covers a total area of about seven thousand
square kilometres (Figure 3.1). It is the largest and the economically most important watershed in
West Java Province. The Citarum River is 269 km long rising in Mount Wayang and entering the
Java Sea at Tanjung Kerawang.
3.1.2
The upper Citarum Watershed has 8 sub-Watersheds covering a total area of 230,802 ha. The
largest sub-watershed is the Cirasea, covering 16.5 % of the area, followed by the Cisangkuy and
Ciminyak. The smallest sub-Watershed is Cikeruh which covers only 8.24 % of the total watershed
area. These eight sub-watersheds transverse the 6 local government areas of Bandung, West
Bandung Barat, Bandung City, Cimahi City, Sumedang and a small part in Garut (Table 3.1).
3.1.3
Three sub-watersheds are located in middle Citarum which cover a total area of 182,719 ha. One of
the sub-watersheds, the Cisokan-Cibalagung covers 65% of the middle tracts of the Citarum. The
other sub-watersheds are the Cikundul and the Cimeta-Cilangka. Together the three lie across the
districts of West Bandung, Cianjur, Purwakarta, and Sukabumi.
3.1.4
The lower Citarum has four sub-watersheds, nameed Cibeet, Cikao, Citarum Hilir, and Jatiluhur.
Cibeet and Citarum Hilir, together occupy about 76% of the total area (321,102 ha). The
sub-watersheds are located in Bekasi, Bogor, Cianjur, Kerawang and Purwakarta (Table 3.1).
Figure 3.1
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
Location Map of Citarum River Basin
12
October 2011
Table 3.1
River
Tract
Upper
Middle
Lower
Area of Sub-Watersheds in Citarum and Districts and Cities Situated in the Sub
Watersheds
Area
Name of Districts/ Cities Located in the
Name of Sub-watersheds
%
(ha)
Sub-watershed
Cihaur
27,981
12.1 Bandung, West Bandung, Bandung City, Cimahi
City
Cikapundung-Capamokolan 30,472
13.2 Bandung, West Bandung, Bandung City, Cimahi
City, Sumendang
Cikeruh
19,029
8.2
Bandung, Bandung City, Sumendang
Ciminyak
32,575
14.1 Bandung, West Bandung City
Cisarea
38,110
16.5 Bandung, Garut
Cisangkuy
34,159
14.8 Bandung
Citarik
22,951
9.9
Bandung, Garut, Sumedang
Ciwidey
22,169
9.6
Bandung, West Bandung
Saguling Dam
3,356
1.5
West Bandung
Total
230,802 100.0
Cikundul
25,737
14.1 West Bandung, Cianjur, Purwakarta, Sukabumi
Cimeta-Cilangka
32,714
17.9 West Bandung, Cianjur, Purwakarta
Cisokan-Cibalagung
118,627 64.9 West Bandung, Cianjur, Sukabumi
Cirata Dam
5,641
3.1
Cianjur
Total
182,719 100.0
Cibeet
102,893 32.0 Bekasi, Bogor, Cianjur
Cikao
22,072
6.9
West Bandung, Purwakarta
Citarum Hilir
140,649 43.8 Bekasi, Karawang, Purwakarta
Jatiluhur
48,452
15.1 West Bandung, Cianjur, Karawang, Purwakarta
Jatiluhur Dam
7,036
2.2
Purwakarta
Total
321,102 100.0
Source: Analyzed from Department Kehutanan (2009) based on land use cover map scale 1:25000 from Bakosurtanal of 2007/2008.
3.1.5
74% of the Citarum River Basin area lies outside the national forest estate and is therefore under the
jurisdiction of local government under spatial planning legislation. The forest coverage of the upper,
middle and lower Citarum areas are about 28%, 31%, and 22% respectively (Table 3.2). The
non-forest area is vulnerable to erosion. As most of the land is owned by landholders, the
application of community based approach to watershed management would be very important.
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
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October 2011
Table 3.2
Fraction of Forest and Non-Forest Area of the Upper, Middle and Lower Citarum
River Basin
Position
Sub-watershed
Forest
% FA
Non-Forest % NFA
Total
Area
Area (APL)
Upper
part
Cihaur
4,541
16
23,440
84
27,981
Cikapundung-Capamokolan
5,320
17
25,152
83
30,472
Cikeruh
2,806
15
16,224
85
19,030
Ciminyak
9,336
29
23,239
71
32,575
Cisarea
14,508
38
23,602
62
38,110
Cisangkuy
10,632
31
23,527
69
34,159
Citarik
4,735
21
18,217
79
22,952
Ciwidey
8,958
40
13,211
60
22,169
Saguling Dam
Total
Cikundul
Middle
part
Cimeta-Cilangka
Cisokan-Cibalagung
Cirata Dam
N/A
N/A
N/A
3,356
28
166,612
72
230,804
4,075
16
21,662
84
25,737
6,455
20
26,258
80
32,714
39,736
33
78,890
67
118,626
5,641
N/A
N/A
N/A
5,641
Total
55,907
31
126,810
69
182,718
Cibeet
20,617
20
82,276
80
102,893
Cikao
Lower
part
3,356
64,192
5,304
24
16,768
76
22,072
Citarum Hilir
21,643
15
119,005
85
140,649
Jatiluhur
15,888
33
32,565
67
48,452
7,036
N/A
N/A
N/A
7,036
70,488
22
250,614
78
321,102
Jatiluhur Dam
Total
Source: Analyzed from Departemen Kehutanan (2009) based on land use cover map scale 1:25000 from Bakosurtanal of 2007/2008.
3.1.6
Analysis of the 1:25000 land use map (BAKOSURTANAL 2007/2008) shows that the forest coverage
of CRB is only 6%. The land use coverage of various types of lands are presented in Table 3.3.
Perennial crops cover 8.4% of the upper CRB, 14.8% of the middle CRB and 5.0% of the lowlands.
The remaining land is subject to dry land crops with seasonal clearing and cultivation. This is a
major factor in water resource management and in erosion control. For example, under the Forest
Law, the standard requirement of forest coverage is 30% for water conservation purposes. In the
upper catchment, cultivation for high value cash crops, particularly potato and chilli (Boer et al., 2006)
has been a major driver of forest encroachment and land degradation (see Figure 3.2). According to
the latest data from the Forestry Office of West Java Province, the total area of critical land in the
CRB has reached about 142,000 ha (Table 3.4). Approximately half of the critical land is located in
the upper catchment area.
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Table 3.3
Land
use
Category
Land Use / Cover of the CRB
Land use/cover
types
Dry land Forest
Swamp Forest
Forest Land
Crop Land
Sub-Total
%
5.8
Ha
19,098
%
5.2
Ha
26,143
%
-
-
-
-
358
0.1
26,544
5.8
19,098
5.2
26,501
4.1
4.1
38,953
8.4
54,171
14.8
32,209
5.0
10.4
28,947
7.9
110,878
17.3
Rainfed rice
18,288
4.0
13,501
3.7
28,267
4.4
Dryland agriculture
37,764
8.2
23,809
6.5
26,679
4.2
143,091
31.0
120,428
33.0
198,033
30.9
14,989
3.2
17,829
4.9
22,630
3.5
4,065
0.9
1,037
0.3
4,651
0.7
Sub-Total
19,054
4.1
18,866
5.2
27,280
4.3
Water body
3,630
0.8
6,059
1.7
18,327
2.9
-
-
-
-
688
0.1
21
0.0
1
0.0
20,814
3.2
3,651
0.8
6,060
1.7
39,829
6.2
739
0.2
93
0.0
262
0.0
Settlements
37,603
8.1
18,043
4.9
28,321
4.4
Sub-Total
38,342
8.3
18,136
5.0
28,582
4.5
93
0.0
129
0.0
53
0.0
27
0.0
-
-
-
0.0
120
0.0
100.0
129
0.0
100.0
53
0.0
100.0
Sub-Total
Ponds
Sub-Total
Buildings
Rocks
Sand land
Other lands
Ha
26,544
48,086
Swamp
Settlement
Lower Citarum
Irrigated Rice field
Grass/ Bareland
Wetland
Middle Citarum
Garden/Plantation
Shrubs
Grassland
Upper Citarum
Sub-Total
TOTAL
230,802
182,717
320,278
Source: Analyzed from Department Kehutanan (2009) based on land use cover map scale 1:25000 from Bakosurtanal
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Figure 3.2
The Topography Condition of Upper Area of the CRB
BANDUNG BASIN / UPPER CITARUM WATERSHED
Vapour
Bandung
City
Vapour
Upper CRB
SOURCE: BOBBY WIBOWO/ 2004
The Upper Citarum Watershed consists of 7 Sub Watershed
WEST JAVA
The watershed have on 650 to 2,500 m’ above sea level
surrounded by ranges of mountains and hills
Consists of 4 administrative area, which are: Bandung
(Municipality and Regency), Cimahi & Sumedang
WEST JAVA
Source: Pemda Jabar, 2006
3.1.7
Forest plays a very important role in maintaining the hydrological function of the upper catchment
area. Maintaining the hydrological function is essential for sustaining many ecosystems in the
watershed. In the context of water management, deforestation in the upper catchment has resulted in
high rates of runoff leading to flooding during the rainy season and drought during the dry season.
Further accelerated flooding and drought risks are expected according to the predicted weather
patterns under climate change scenarios. Dialog between stakeholders and scientists in Bandung
suggested that at least 40% of the watershed area should be maintained as conservation zone (i.e.
under a forest cover) in order to minimize the impact of extreme climatic events and possible climate
change. Ecological function of the watershed can also be revitalized and in turn it will improve
quality of life of the people (Bapeda Jawa Barat, 2001).
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Table 3.4
Area of Critical Land in Non-Forest and Forest Areas at Citarum River Basin
Non-Forest Area (ha)
Forest Area (ha)
Non-Protected
Area
Protected Area
Bandung
Bekasi
16,506
Conservation/
Protection Forest
14,433
Production
Forest
36,944
91
12
335
8,218
0
Bogor
1,917
1,547
10,628
365
Cianjur
7,922
9,119
7,688
4,300
784
1,650
10,153
628
25
426
0
0
Karawang
Bandung City
Cimahi City
0
577
0
0
Purwakarta
2,763
2,453
1,720
485
29,929
30,540
75,352
5,868
Total
60,470
81,220
141,689
Source: http://dishut.jabarprov.go.id
3.1.8
Improving the condition of the upper CRB catchment with the participation of all the stakeholders is
very important. Charges for environmental services have been proposed by various stakeholders in a
number of events in the CRB. A concept called ‘Upstream planting and downstream paying’ or ‘Hulu
menanam, Hilir membayar’ has been discussed in the region and implemented in a number of
districts in Indonesia. In West Java, two districts outside the CRB (Kuningan and Cirebon District)
have implemented this concept. For example, the Government of Cirebon pays 1.75 billion IDR to
Kuningan Government every year as compensation for maintaining and protecting the 645 ha of
forest at Kuningan. This has ensured the sustainable supply of clean water to Cirebon district from
Paniis water spring located in the Kuningan District and demonstrated the effectiveness of this
concept.
3.1.9
Apart from supplying clean water to 7 districts (Bandung, Cimahi, Cianjur, Purwakarta, Bekasi,
Karawang, and 80% of the need of Jakarta), the CRB also plays an important role in supplying water
for irrigating 300,000 ha of rice paddy, generating electricity with capacity of about 1,400 MW and for
other uses (industries, flushing canals in Jakarta, etc). Electricity is generated from three
hydropower stations with dams located in the upper, middle and lower area of the CRB. Saguling
Dam, located in the upper CRB area, was established in 1986 with total volume of about 982 million
3
m . Cirata Dam, located in the middle CRB area, was established in 1988 with total volume of about
3
2,165 million m . Jatiluhur Dam, located in the lower CRB area, was established in 1963 with total
volume of 3,000 million m3. The Saguling Dam and Cirata Dam are particularly operated for
hydropower generation, while the Jatiluhur Dam is a multipurpose dam. According to the Electricity
State Company (PLN), these three dams in the CRB contribute about 74% of the total Hydro Electric
Powers of JAMALI (Jawa Bali System). The decrease in electricity production from these three
dams would have a serious impact on electricity supply in the region.
3.2
Observed Historical Changes of Climate
3.2.1
Historical (last decade) climate variations over the CRB basin has been examined by using data from
°
Bandung station (6 55’S, 107°36’E and 791 metres above mean sea level) over the period 2000 to
2010. Bandung is taken as a reference site of CRB in this initial assessment because of its
geographical location is within the study area and the data at the Bandung stations were available in
the inception period. As the investigation progresses, long term climatic data (such as rainfall,
temperature (maximum, minimum, and average, evaporation, wind velocity, and relative humidity
etc.) will be considered from a broader range of sampling locations such as Lembang.
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3.2.2
Figure 3.3 (a), (b) and (c) shows the mean monthly average, maximum and minimum temperature for
the 10 years time frame. The average temperature shows low variation throughout the year.
However, high variability is observed between maximum and minimum temperature from June to
October. Figure 3.3(d) shows the mean monthly distribution of the rainfall of the Bandung area. It has
found that annual rainfall varies from 1600 to 2500 mm at Bandung, with the higher rainfall during wet
season (November to April) and lower rainfall during dry season (June to October).
Figure 3.3
Mean Monthly (a) Average, (b) Maximum, (c) Minimum Temperature and
(d) Rainfall
3.3
The Impacts of Past Climate Variability in the CRB
3.3.1
The variability of rainfall in Java and the Eastern Part of Indonesia is strongly influenced by the ENSO
(El Nino and La Nina Southern Oscillation) phenomenon. The variation in rainfall has significant
impact on water storage in many reservoirs in Java. Based on observations in the Jatiluhur (West
Java) and Gedung Ombo (East Java) dams, during the El Nino years, the water level in dry season
could drop up to 40% below normal level (Figure 3.4), while during years when La-Nina phenomenon
occurred, it could go up to 120% of the normal level. Significant decrease in water level in the dams
has seriously impact on electricity generation and water availability for irrigation (Las et al.,1999).
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Average Volume of Water at the Two Main Reservoirs in Java During La-Niña,
El-Niño, and Normal Years
Volume
of water
normal)
Volume
Air (%(%
darifrom
Normal)
Figure 3.4
140
Okt-Jan(WS)
(MH)
Oct-Jan
Feb-Mei
Feb-May (MK
(DS I)
I)
120
Jun-Sep(DS
(MK
Jun-Sep
II)II)
100
80
60
40
20
0
La-Nina
El-Nino
Jatiluhur
La-Nina
El-Nino
Kedung Ombo
Key: WS: wet season, DS: dry season
Source: Las et al., 1999
3.3.2
Data analysis from the State Electricity Company (PLN) for the dams in CRB shows that in the
El-Niño years of 1994, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2006, most of the power plants produced less
electricity than normal (long-term means; Figure 3.5).
3.3.3
Historically the Asian economic crisis in 1997 led to a series of social crises that caused an upsurge
in the rate of forest loss driven by illegal logging and the need for timber for cooking. The data
presented in Figure 3.5 is consistent with the continuing loss of forest cover in the upper catchment
of the reservoirs resulting in the increasing difference between maximum flows in the wet season and
minimum flows in the dry season. Historical flow data of the Nanjung River (upper catchment of
CRB) from 1951-1998 shows that the difference between maximum flow and minimum flow has
3
3
increased from 50 m /s in the 1950’s to 150 m /s by the late 1990s.
3.3.4
The timing of these changes in dry season flows coincided with growing demand for water resources
for industry and growing urban populations. The changes also contributed to an increase in demand
for ground water which has resulted in dangerous falls in artesian water tables.
3.4
Report on Roadmap and Program Development
3.4.1
In Bandung, an estimated 90% of the population, and 98% of the industries, rely on groundwater.
Modelling studies done in 2002 suggest that recorded groundwater extraction is only about one-third
of the actual amount. The Citarum Integrated Water Resource Management Project lowering of the
groundwater level is reportedly up to 5 meters per year in some places. The cumulative water level
decline since 1920 has been 85 m. In 2005, it was estimated that land subsidence had reached 0.8
m. In order to get clean water, industrial wells have to be drilled to beyond 150 m.
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October 2011
Figure 3.5
Anomaly of Electricity Production from 1992-2006 in Saguling, Cirata and
Jatiluhur Dam
60
Electricity Production Anomaly
(% from long term mean)
Cirata
Saguling
40
Jatiluhur
20
0
-20
-40
-60
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Source: Drawn from data provided by PLN., Electricity State Company
3.4.2
Significant changes in rainfall and river flow during ENSO years has also caused serious impact on
rice production of Java as a result of flooding in the wet season and drought in the dry season (Boer
and Subbiah, 2005). In West Java, the rice production areas which receive irrigation water from the
Jatiluhur Dam (e.g. Indramayu, Subang, Sukamandi) suffer serious impact due to the ENSO
phenomenon. As shown in Figure 3.6, the rice production areas affected by flooding and drought in
the wet and dry season have increased significantly during the La Nina years and El Nino years. This
indicates that the effectiveness of the dams to manage flooding during wet season, and supply
irrigation water during the dry season has deteriorated.
Figure 3.6
Cumulative Area Affected by Drought and Flood in Rice Growing Area of West
Java between Normal and ENSO Years
West Java
Cumulative Affected Area (ha)
Cum ulative A ffected Area (ha)
West Java
600000
El Nino
500000
Normal
400000
La Nina
300000
200000
100000
0
Apr Mei Jun Jul Ags Sep Okt Nov Des Jan Feb Mar
50000
40000
El Nino
Normal
La Nina
30000
20000
10000
0
Apr Mei Jun Jul Ags Sep Okt Nov Des Jan Feb Mar
Source: Boer et al., 2009
3.4.3
The most recent study conducted by D’Arrigo et al., (2010) indicates that forest plays a significant role
in maintaining the resilience of the Citarum ecosystem to the extreme climate. It is found that the
correlation between the sea surface temperature anomaly over Pacific-Indian Oceans and Citarum
river flow (Nanjung River) was significant by using the recent stream flow data (1960-2006) but not
significant by using the old historical data (1920-1960) (Figure 3.7). As suggested by many studies,
variability of dry season rainfall is strongly influenced by the sea surface temperature anomaly over
the Pacific (ENSO) and Indian Ocean. Thus, the findings clearly indicate that the significant change
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in rainfall during ENSO years has translated into significant change in Citarum River flow only in the
recent years (1960-2006) but not in the past (1920-1960).
Figure 3.7
Spatial Correlation Plots for September–October Citarum Streamflow and
Gridded August SST.
Top Panels (a): SST, Recent Interval from 1960 to 2006, and Second Panels (b):
SST, Low Variance Period from 1920 to 1960
Source: D’Arrigo et al., 2010
3.4.4
The water shortage of the three dams in CRB during extreme dry years does not only have impact on
the electricity generation and agriculture production, but also the availability of potable water
particularly in urban areas. For instance, the Citarum Dam supplies potable water to Jakarta, the
capital city of Indonesia. Under extreme dry years, the water level at Citarum Dam may decrease to a
level of less than 75 m. Under this condition, the water pump at the dam cannot operate and water
supply to the water sanitation plant may be suspended. On the other hand, in extreme wet years,
flooding may damage the water sanitation plant and contaminate the water. Flooding, which
occurred in February 2007, had caused damage to the production installation which amounted to
about USD2.2 million. Heavy rainfall also increases turbidity of water which results in higher cost for
water sanitation.
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4
BASELINE ANALYSIS
4.1
Synthesis on Climate Change Impact Studies on Citarum River Basin
4.1.1
Studies on the impact of climate change in CRB are still limited. Only four climate change studies
focusing on CRB have been identified. Two of these studies focused on the climate impact and the
impact of land use changes on river flow in CRB (Boer et al., 2004; Santoso and Warrick, 2003), while
the other two studies assessed the impact of climate change on CRB management (WWF and ITB,
2007) and hydrologic balance (Boer et al., 2010). The findings from the studies indicated that the
impact of climate change will be more severe if the forest, particularly in the upper catchment of CRB
area is not conserved (Santoso and Warrick, 2003, Boer et al., 2004; WWF and ITB, 2007). Most of
the districts in the lower basin may be exposed to serious water scarcity in the future. Increasing
water extraction to 20% of the mean annual flow would not change the water status of these
sub-districts (Boer et al., 2010). Further findings also suggested that the change in rainfall
distribution due to global warming would potentially cause various hazards such as flooding, drought,
landslide, and diseases outbreak. Areas that will potentially expose to high flooding risk are the
northern area of the CRB due to its low elevation. The steep slopes between Cirata and Jatilhuhur are
the areas subject to high landslide risk.
4.1.2
Methodologies and approaches used in the above studies varied from simple statistical analysis to
complex dynamic modelling. A number of gaps are identified in the above studies. The following
sections describe the gaps related to the methodologies on the development of climate change, land
use scenarios and hydrology models in the above studies.
4.2
Gap Analysis for Climate Change Modelling
4.2.1
The development of climate change scenarios in the above studies used three different methods:
GCM outputs from the IPCC applied to a simple downscaling method to obtain a regionalized
climate change pattern from a result of a GCM experiment;
Synthetic climate change scenarios developed based on climate change scenarios from four
different GCM models; and
Constructed climate change scenarios based on the change in land use pattern indicated by the
Normalized Difference Vegetation Indicator (NDVI). It is worthy to note that NDVI is widely used
to monitor biomass growth and is related to vegetation canopy characteristics.
4.2.2
IPCC uses 24 different GCMs developed in various centers in the world as the basis for its approach.
Current GCMs normally give a coarse resolution output for a grid of more than 250~300km. In a
region of complex topography like Java, GCMs are not able to show satisfactory performance in
simulating precipitation and its regional variability. This implies the need to downscale the coarse
grid size climate variables of GCM results to the grid size as required for the impact studies.
Nowadays, there is a number of methods to downscale the output of GCMs to finer resolutions
including high resolution regional climate modelling (RCM) and statistical downscaling (UNFCCC,
2004).
4.2.3
A few studies have been conducted to generate high resolution climate change scenarios for
Indonesia. Aldrian et al. (2004) simulated Indonesian rainfall variability using the Max Planck
Institute regional climate model, REMO. Two re-analysis scenarios and one European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECHAM4) model outputs were used as later boundary condition.
REMO simulations were performed at 50km horizontal resolution for the whole archipelago of
Indonesia and Sulawesi Island for the period from 1979 to 1993. In general, the REMO model,
provided a good reproduction of the spatial pattern of monthly and seasonal rainfall over land, but
overestimated rainfall over the sea. No future scenarios have yet been generated for the CRB study
area.
4.2.4
Katzfey et al. (2010) generated regional climate change modelling scenarios over Indonesia using the
Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) at a 60 km horizontal resolution. Three time periods
were simulated. They include 1971-2100, 2041-2060 and 2081-2100. This analysis has produced
future climatic information for the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2 scenario of the
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IPCC. The Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) will continue
to run scenarios using CCAM to provide information for policy and adaptation decisions. However,
further downscaling up to 20km resolution is possible by using other RCMs.
4.2.5
Koike et al. (2010) have shown the effect of climate change on floods using downscaled climatic
information. They have worked on eighteen different river basins in Asia including one basin of
Indonesia. However, their works only focus on the changes of extreme rainfall events and the
consequent changes of floods. Though it is essential to generate high resolution climatic
information to downscale the output of GCMs for various impact studies, there has not been any
study focusing the CRB area.
4.3
Planned Scope in this Package
4.3.1
In this package, both statistical and dynamic downscaling techniques will be used to generate climatic
information over the CRB area. The available GCMs data from IPCC Data distribution centre will be
used for statistical downscaling. Table 4.1 shows a list of GCMs in the IPCC model archive which will
be used for this project. The future climate change will be projected based on the Special Report on
Emission Scenarios (SRES). Data of two extreme scenarios (A2 and B1) and one moderate scenario
(A1B) will be used to develop climatic information for the CRB. Multiple regression models will be
used for statistical downscaling of the GCMs data. Specific humidity, precipitation, air pressure, air
temperature (mean, maximum and minimum), wind speed data are available from GCMs. These data
will be downscaled using the ground based station data over the CRB area.
4.3.2
Dynamic downscaling of the GCM will use high resolution data from the Regional Climate Model
(RCM). A number of regional climate models are available as dynamic downscaling tools. The open
source, RegCM has been considered for this study. The International Centre for Theoretical Physics
(ICTP), Trieste, Italy, regional climate model RegCM was originally developed by Giorgi et al. (1993).
The dynamical core of the RegCM is equivalent to the hydrostatic version of the NCAR/Penn State
University meso-scale model MM4 and the models projection is rotated Lambert Conformal.
Boundary layer physics are formulated following a non-local vertical diffusion scheme with a
relaxation zone in transition from GCM to RCM of 11 grid cells. The output is available in GraDS (Grid
Analysis and Display System) format. The boundary GCM data to derive the RCM will be used from
the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany (MPI). The ECHAM model (Roeckner
et al., 2003) has been developed from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts) model (EC) and a complex parameterization package developed in Hamburg (HAM) used
to adjust the ECMWF Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model for climate simulations. The
current version is ECHAM5. The moderate A1B scenarios are available for generating future climatic
conditions of this model. The horizontal resolution of the output of the RCM will be 20 km. The
dynamically downscaled climatic information will be bias-corrected using the available ground based
measurements.
Table 4.1
SL
1
List of Available GCMs in the IPCC Model Archive
Center
Model
Beijing Climate Center, China
CM1
2
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research , Norway
BCM2.0
3
Canadian Center for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Canada
CGCM3
4
CM3
5
Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, France
Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation,
Australia
Mk3.0
6
Max-Planck-Institut for Meteorology , Germany
ECHAM5-OM
7
Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
ECHO-G
8
Institute of Atmospheric Physics , China
FGOALS-g1.0
9
Geophysical Fluid Dynamic Laboratory, USA
CM2.0
10
Goddard Institute for Space Studies , USA
AOM
11
Institute for Numerical Mathematics , Russia
CM3.0
12
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, France
CM4
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13
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
MIROC3.2
14
Meteorological Research Institute , Japan
CGCM2.3.2
15
National Centre for Atmospheric Research , USA
CCSM3
16
Met. Office , UK
HadCM3
17
National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology , Italy
SXG 2005
4.4
Gap Analysis Land Use Change Scenarios
4.4.1
There have been a number of studies on land use changes in CRB (e.g. Boer et al., 2004; Haryanto
et al., 2004; Santosa, 2003; Santosa and Warrick, 2003). Haryanto et al. (2004) analyzed land use
changes in the Upper Citarum Watershed and its implications for the runoff coefficient. The land use
changes detected, based on land use data sets for the year 1983, 1993, and 2002 (Table 4.2), and
the trend of this historical land use, were used to estimate a future runoff coefficient. It is noticed
that forest and paddy field decreased about 39,621 ha (21.9%) and 31,282 ha (17.85) respectively
from year 1983 to year 2002, while urban and bare land increased about 11,521 ha (6.4%) and
10,613 ha (5.9%) respectively. The study indicated that forest, paddy field, and grass/scrub play an
important role in controlling the rate of overland flow and runoff coefficient, while urban, public
services, bare land tend to increase the runoff coefficient.
Table 4.2
No.
Land Use Change in Upper Citarum in the Period 1983 and 2003
1983
Land use
ha
1
Lake
2
3
4
1993
%
2002
ha
%
ha
Changes 1983 - 2002
%
ha
%
282
0.16
300
0.17
198
0.11
-84
-0.05
Bare land
1,775
0.98
8,950
4.94
12,388
6.84
10,613
5.86
Crop land
2,411
1.33
1,677
0.93
4,125
2.28
1,714
0.95
Grass/bush
10,347
5.72
2,654
1.47
1,458
0.81
-8,889
-4.91
5
Paddy field
56,049
30.96
47,784
26.40
23,767
13.13
-32,282
-17.83
6
Forest
82,523
45.59
69,434
38.36
42,902
23.70
-39,621
-21.89
7
Scrub
18,625
10.29
32,868
18.16
69,663
38.48
51,038
28.19
8
Plantation
1,906
1.05
2,580
1.43
3,148
1.74
1,242
0.69
9
Urban
5,955
3.29
10,889
6.02
17,476
9.65
11,521
6.36
564
0.31
2,200
1.22
3,292
1.82
2,728
1.51
11
Sub-urban
Public
Facilities
176
0.10
438
0.24
533
0.29
357
0.20
12
Industry
416
0.23
1,255
0.69
2,079
1.15
1,663
0.92
181,029
100.00
181,029
100.00
181,029
100.00
10
Total
4.4.2
These results show that land use changes induce the change in hydrology.
exacerbate or reduce the impacts.
4.4.3
Land use change scenarios in the Upper Catchments of CRB area have been proposed by Santoso
(2003) to assess the effects of land use change and climate change on the quantity and variability of
stream flows. The scenarios of land use change patterns have been constructed using a cellular
automata method. The cellular automata modelling method considers land uses as an array of cells in
which the state of the discrete cells depends on the state of their neighbouring cells. The change in
the state of a cell from one state to another state, i.e. from one land use type to another land use type,
is guided by a set of deterministic or probabilistic transition rules.
4.4.4
There are many land use models already available. The most suitable model for constructing land
use change scenarios would be the one that can produce spatially explicit and time-dependent land
use change patterns (dynamic spatial model). However, this model requires a lot of data and
complicated mathematical computation.
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4.4.5
The analysis presented in this Inception report use the land use pattern of 1990 as the baseline
(Figure 4.1). The pattern of land use estimated from the period 2000 to 2010 applied 10 year
intervals using a set of probabilistic transition rules land use.
4.4.6
During the implementation phase of the project, this package will review the approach and progress
which has been achieved under Package B2 of this TA project using the state of the art JSM model
calibrated with 2010 data to determine how the resources of this package can be most effectively
used to understand climate change impacts on long term projected land use predictions.
Figure 4.1
4.4.7
Land Use Map of Year 1990
Four policy-oriented scenarios have been selected to examine the impact of land use change and
climate change on the stream flows. These scenarios include:
business-as-usual,
ecological concern,
pro-industrialization, and
pro-agriculture.
4.4.8
The business-as-usual scenario is based on conditions of the last 10 to 15 years where the rate of
change for each land use is kept constant.
4.4.9
Ecological concern is related to enforcement of existing regulations regarding land use. They include
the Presidential Decree No. 32/1990 regarding the definitions of protected zones, and regulations
regarding the recommendation of land use allocation in the North Bandung region (Governor's
Decree No. 181.1/SK.1624/Bapp/1982) and No. 413.21/SK.222-Huk/91 regarding the locality criteria
and technical standard for spatial land use in Puncak region.
4.4.10 The pro-industrialization scenario performs through encouraging industrialization and it is expected
that more jobs will be created in this sector and the GRDP will rise quickly.
4.4.11 The pro-agriculture scenario encourages agriculture sector for self-sufficient food-crops. In this
scenario, the loss of agricultural land, in particular the irrigated paddy is designed to be minimal, while
the area for agricultural land is allowed to expand onto the forestland (Santosa, 2003; Santosa and
Warrick, 2003).
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4.4.12 The pattern of land use under the four policies oriented scenarios for the year 2000-2100 is depicted
in Figure 4.2, Figure 4.3, Figure 4.4 and Figure 4.5 respectively. These figures indicate that the
urban area reaches the maximum in 2100 under the pro-industrialization policy and reaches the
minimum under the pro-agriculture policy. The area of agricultural land reaches the maximum at the
year of 2100 when the pro-agriculture policy is implemented although the paddy-field will decrease.
The business-as-usual and the ecology concern policies produce almost similar pictures. The main
difference is that the ecological concerned policy keeps the forest area at the same size as in 1990,
whereas the business-as-usual scenario allows conversion of the secondary forest into different land
use types (Santosa, 2003).
4.4.13 Two scenario approaches will be undertaken for this TA. The first approach is based on an existing
land use scenario generated from simple land use modelling, while the second will be based on
spatial planning. In addition to the above land use scenario, the land use scenario of package B2
could be used for GIS hydrology model in this package as part of Task 5. Whenever the existing
land use scenarios are not suitable for the hydrology model, land use analysis using an appropriate
model will be performed. The other option is using land use scenario under the existing Regional
Spatial Plan (RTRW) of West Java Province.
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Figure 4.2
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Land Use Development under a Business-as-Usual Scenario
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Figure 4.3
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Land Use Development under Ecological Concern Scenario
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October 2011
Figure 4.4
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Land Use Development under Pro-Industrialization Scenario
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October 2011
Figure 4.5
Land Use Development under Pro-Agriculture Scenario
Hydrological Impacts
4.4.14 Hydrological simulation models are often used together with climate scenarios to evaluate the
potential climate change impacts on water resources. Confidence in the results can vary greatly
depending on the methods used for the climate scenario development and the hydrological
modelling.
4.4.15 As mentioned in the previous section, only four studies related to climate change impact on the CRB
have been carried out. The findings from these studies varied because different hydrologic models
were applied in these studies. Santosa and Warrick (2003) used a conceptual model of water balance
computation for each cell. This approach used a water balance model introduced by Thornthwaite
and Mather (1955) that has been widely accepted (e.g. Dunne and Leopold, 1978; Donker, 1987).
Santosa and Warrick (2003) expanded on the earlier approaches by incorporating several geological
related parameters such as infiltration and maximum groundwater storage (Sir M MacDonald &
Partners, 1984), and allowing for a base flow component and direct runoff, which are important
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
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parameters to give significant seasonal variation in the streamflows. In addition, the storm runoff
parameter in this approach relates to both the geology and the land use, and therefore can enhance
the physical process of total runoff.
4.4.16 Although this study showed the advantage of fit between computed discharge data against the
2
observed data using the Nash and Sutcliff method (Nash and Sutcliffe, 1970), giving an r for
calibration of 0.94 and for validation 0.72, the applicability of this model in predicting streamflow for
increased atmospheric CO2 scenario model should be reconsidered. The effect of increased
atmospheric CO2 could suppress transpiration processes as suggested by Fontaine et al. (2001).
4.4.17 Further, the water balance computation for each cell method used by Santosa and Warrick (2003)
could not accommodate the role of reservoirs. Table 4.3 shows the capacity of the three big
reservoirs in Juanda, Cirata and Sanguling. Since these reservoirs have very large capacities, they
play a significant role in regulating streamflow downstream in the CRB and therefore need to be
considered in the modelling implementation. A Similar study in CRB by WWF and ITB (2007) also
does not mention the importance of the role of the reservoirs in CRB streamflow as the study focused
only on the upper Citarum.
Table 4.3
Capacity of the Big Three Reservoirs in CRB
Unit: Million m
3
4.4.18 The impact of land use change and climate change on stream flow at Citarum watershed has been
studied by Boer et al (2004). The impact is evaluated by using a VIC-BASIN Model hydrology and the
climate change scenarios were derived from GCM outputs from ECHAM model. The results were
then downscaled to the study site. Output from the downscaled climate scenarios was used as input
for CLIMGEN. In this 2004 study, Boer et al. concluded that under baseline and low climate
scenarios, increasing forest cover more than 20% and up to 47% of the total land areas would not
change the distribution of stream flow. Under high climate scenario, the distribution of stream flow
under baseline land uses scenarios and various land uses scenarios would vary.
4.4.19 The VIC-BASIN model hydrology used in this investigation also did not mention the importance of
reservoirs in its simulation. As the management role of the three reservoirs in CRB should be part of
the input to integrated water management for the whole basin, application of the appropriate
hydrology model is essential.
4.4.20 The appreciation of climate change impact on peak flows such as erosion, sedimentation and
flooding cannot be achieved simultaneously by RIBASIM (River Basin Simulation) model which is
being used by Package B of this TA project. One alternative solution is to use Soil and Water
Assessment Tool (SWAT) model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Theoretically, SWAT also has the capability to include reservoir role in water balance calculations.
Without reservoir in the study area, SWAT has been used by Mulyana et al. in the Cisadane upper
catchment (Figure 4.6) with total drainage area of 1,811.5 ha, elevation ranging from 512 to 2,535 m
msl, and with 14,340.7 m total length of main stream. In this area, land use is dominated by forest
(57.67%), and upland agriculture (26.38%). Soils are classified as hydraquent (96.6%) and distropept
(3.4 %)
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P:\60191318\1.01\Indo_1.01\Deliverables\Inception
Report\Inception
Report
October
2011\TA-7189_INO_Final_Inception_Report_Ver
10 2011.docx
October 2011.docx
Report\Inception
Report
October
10 October
Figure 4.6
Location and Position of Sub-Watershed Upper Catchment of Cisadane, Bogor,
West Java, Indonesia
4.4.21 The hydrology was collected using a data logger instrument with a time step every 15 minutes
(except for rainfall) for calibration. These inputs used in SWAT include temperature, relative humidity
(Figure 4.7), wind speed data (Figure 4.8), solar radiation data (Figure 4.9), and daily precipitation
(Figure 4.10).
Figure 4.7
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Temperature and Humidity Distribution at Upper Catchment of Cisadane
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Report\Inception
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October 2011.docx
Report\Inception
Report
October
10 October
Figure 4.8
Wind Velocity Level at Upper Catchment of Cisadane
0.80
Wind velocity (m/s)
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
12/24/2007
Flux of Sun Radiation (MJ/m2/Day)
Figure 4.9
1/13/2008
2/2/2008
2/22/2008
Date
3/13/2008
4/2/2008
Sun Radiation Fluctuation at Upper Catchment of Cisadane
22.00
21.00
20.00
19.00
18.00
17.00
16.00
15.00
14.00
12/24/2007
1/13/2008
2/2/2008
2/22/2008
3/13/2008
4/2/2008
Date
Figure 4.10
Rain Fall in Upper Catchment of Cisadane
100.0
Precipitation (mm)
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
12/24/2007
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
1/13/2008
2/2/2008
2/22/2008
3/13/2008
Date
33
4/2/2008
October 2011
4.4.22 Figure 4.11 shows the observed discharge data and daily precipitation. Discharge in the river was
calculated from a rating curve of the river in the outlet. The Rating curve of the river is obtained from
the relationship between discharge of the stream and water level. This relationship for the upper
2.9162
2
catchment of Cisadane is Q=37.254*H
, with a correlation coefficient of R =0.967.
3 -1
River Discharge (m s ) and Rainfall Curves (mm) in Cisadane Upper
Catchment
30.00
0
25.00
50
20.00
100
Precipitation
15.00
150
Discharge Obs
10.00
200
5.00
250
0.00
12/24/2007
Precipitation (mm)
Discharge (m3/s)
Figure 4.11
300
1/7/2008
1/21/2008
2/4/2008
2/18/2008
3/3/2008
3/17/2008
3/31/2008
Date
4.4.23 With SWAT, water yield data is calibrated and validated using the observed discharge. The result of
calibration and validation is shown in Figure 4.12 and Figure 4.13. The goodness of fit between
computed discharge data against the observed data was calculated using the Nash and Sutcliff
2
method (Nash and Sutcliffe, 1970) that gives the r for calibration 0.8411 whereas for validation
0.7547.
Result Simulation Discharge in Upper Catchment of Cisadane River
30.00
0
25.00
50
100
20.00
Precipitation
15.00
Discharge Obs
150
Discharge Sim
10.00
200
5.00
250
0.00
12/24/2007
Precipitation (mm)
Discharge (m3/s)
Figure 4.12
300
1/7/2008
1/21/2008
2/4/2008
2/18/2008
3/3/2008
3/17/2008
3/31/2008
Date
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October 2011
Figure 4.13
Correlation between Qobserved and Qsimulated Data
15
Discharge Obs (m3/s)
Qobs = 0.86119Qsim
R2 = 0.8411
12
9
6
3
Dis charge Sim (m 3/s )
0
0
3
6
9
12
15
4.4.24 In conclusion, the SWAT model could be considered as a prediction tool to mainstream future climate
change prediction into water yield prediction in the catchments area of CRB. Its application in
Citarum will be a good lesson learned as it will include reservoirs role in its water budget calculations.
4.5
Interrelationship between Package E and Other Packages
4.5.1
The interrelationships between this package and the other Packages of this TA project is summarized
in Table 4.4 and illustrated in Figure 4.14 and Figure 4.15.
Table 4.4
Interrelationships between this Package E and the Other Packages of this TA
Project
Package
Host Institution
Input to Package E
Output used from
Package E
Package A - Roadmap
BAPPENAS: Deputy
Institutional capacity
Capacity Coping
Institutional
Minister for Infrastructure
assessment
Index can
Strengthening
Water Resources and
prioritize
Irrigation
institutions
Support for planning and
programming of CCAP for
LG’s budget alignment,
Vulnerability
mainstreaming of CCAM
assessment can
guidelines with local
identify the most
government planning
vulnerable
boards
sectors
Strategic
framework for
improving water
management
systems can be
used for
formulating the
Roadmap
Specific Action
Plans for climate
change
mitigation and
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October 2011
adaptation and
capacity
development can
be used for
formulating the
Roadmap
Package B1 Institutional
Strengthening for
IWRM in 6 Cis River
Basin Territory
KPU: Directorate Water
Resources Management
DGWR
Institutional capacity
assessment
Hydrological model, data
and water balance model,
inclusion of CC aspects
into the POLA and
RENCANA
Result of
vulnerability
assessment can
be used for
developing POLA
and RENCANA
Strategic
framework for
improving water
management
systems can
contribute to the
IWRM planning
Climate change
mitigation and
adaptation and
capacity
development can
be integrated in
IWRM planning
Package B2 - Spatial
Planning in 6 Cis River
Basin Territory
Package B3 Development of Key
Policies and Strategies
for WRM in CRB
KPU: Directorate Spatial
Planning Area II DGSP
KPU:BBWS Citarum DGWR
Future land use and land
cover could be input for
hydrology modelling.
Future population growth
and future economic growth
could be used for predicting
future risk.
Result of Climate
proof spatial plan
can be used for
predicting future
water balances
Key policies and strategies
related to water supply and
demand
Result of
vulnerability
assessment and
Capacity Coping
Index can be
used as reference
for determining
key policies and
strategies
Climate change
mitigation and
adaptation and
capacity
development can
be integrated in
Spatial Planning
Strategic
framework for
improving water
management
systems can be
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
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October 2011
used to determine
key policies and
strategies
Package C - Upper
Citarum Basin Flood
Management
Package D Decision-Support
System for IWRM for
CRB
Figure 4.14
KPU: Water Resource
Research Center MPW
Strategy in dealing with flood
will be the input in climate
proofing water infrastructure
KPU: Directorate Water
Resources Management
DGWR
Date can be obtained from
the database for developing
climate change model
Prediction of high
and low inflow in
conjunction with
development of
climate proofing
water
infrastructure can
be used for
designing flood
management
plan
Provide
downscaled
climate change
data for
developing flood
model
Operational
guidelines could
be used as tools
for decision
making
Relationship of Package E’s Activities with Other Packages of This TA Project
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Figure 4.15
Relation of Package E with Package A, B1, B2, B3, C & D of this TA Project
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October 2011
Package A and B1
4.5.2
Package A and B1 are related to current institutional conditions and recommendations of action plan.
These analyses and recommendations are intended to strengthen the institutional capability,
including human resources and regulations. In Package E, this is related to task 8 – Define
appropriate institution arrangement for enhancing water management systems in CRB. Based on
the output of Package A and B1, Package E will continue the work on institutional strengthening.
The followings are relevant findings of Package B1:
Role of BBWS, Dinas PSDA, PJT II, Bappedas, BPDAS, Agriculture, BPLHD etc should be
clarified and coordinated. The information will be utilized for performing institution assessment in
Package E;
BBWS should take a pro-active coordinator role for WRM through legalization. BBWS should
initiate and facilitate WRM activities for other organizations. This information will be used for
Task 8 in Package E: Defining appropriate institution arrangement for enhancing water
management systems in CRB;
In order to strengthen management of the CRB region, a new KEPPRES will be required to
enforce consistent policies and action programs across various districts. A planning and
coordination team, e.g., a 6 Cis Dewan Sumberdaya Air, is required, although implementation
could continue as now through the existing BBWS. This information will be used for Task 8 in
Package E: Defining appropriate institution arrangement would be implemented for enhancing
water management systems in CRB;
The review of the current Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for the three reservoirs in CRB
concluded that the present SOP is sufficient to handle the different scenarios of water supply
needs and peak flows. Notwithstanding that, additional explicit rules were recommended for
special climatic conditions. A further review on such conditions and the recommended measures
may be needed under the future climate change scenarios from Package E; and
As of October 2010, Package B1 had discussed the framework for a Master Plan (Pola) and
spatial plans (Rencana) with DGWR, and developed a tentative outline of the Master Plan for the
6 Cis basin. While the development of both plans is in progress, it provides a good opportunity to
integrate climate change concerns through a stakeholder participation approach on finalizing the
final plans.
Package B2
4.5.3
Output from Package B2, i.e. prediction of future land use and land cover can be used for GIS
hydrology model in Package E as part of Task 4 - Assessment of current and future climate risk on
ecosystem. Further prediction of future population growth and future economic growth are valuable
input for Task 4 of this package.
Package B3
4.5.4
Package B3 of this project concluded that that the overall water availability in the Jatiluhur system can
satisfy the total water demand in the Jatiluhur area up to the year 2025 from the viewpoint of total
demand and supply volumes.
4.5.5
The study predicts that water supply from the Jatiluhur reservoir remains stable. However, there is a
negative trend in water releases from 1993 - 2008. Water releases have declined by 30 percent
during the period of 1993-2008. The question is what the implication of negative trend for 2025 will
be; will it continue and thus reduce water availability of the reservoirs in the future? The second
question is whether there is a correlation with rainfall in the upper watershed. This is an input for
Task 4 - Assessment of current and future climate risk on ecosystem.
4.5.6
Key policies and strategies developed by package B3 are valuable input in Output 3 - Strategic
Framework for enhancing water management systems in CRB. Package B3 also raised issues of
groundwater management that could be integrated in Output 4 - CRB Specific Action Plans for
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October 2011
Mitigation, Adaptation and Capacity Building in CRB. The impact of groundwater extraction could be
one of the indicators for vulnerability assessment.
Package C
4.5.7
Package C is dealing with flood in Upper Citarum. Recent findings from Package C revealed several
important results including: returning floods, flood management strategy, hydrology and subsidence.
4.5.8
Severe floods occurred in Bandung during the 1980s. Since then, several large scale flood control
construction works have been implemented from 1994 to 2008. However in 2005, floods occurred
again in Bandung.
4.5.9
Package C proposed to revise the flood protection strategies, among others:
From flood protection to flood management
From uncontrolled floods to controlled floods
o
Prevention: Flood protection level (1:5, 1:20)
o
Lesson learned: Flood will always occur
o
Be prepared, non structural measures
From unmanaged floods to managed floods
o
Flood management – spatial planning – community & stakeholder participation
4.5.10 Further, Package C identified that the increase of flow at Nanjung (downstream Citarum) is due to
urbanization and impact of construction works (i.e. short cutting) as historical rainfall data suggests
that precipitation amount does not increase.
4.5.11 Package C also found that subsidence has occurred not only in Dayeuh Kolot but at many other
places. From 1988, more than 3 to 4 meters of subsidence occurred which led to severe impacts on
river hydraulics (and flooding) and irreversible aquifer damage.
4.5.12 Many findings from Package C could be utilized in Package E, especially the findings on climate
change proofing water infrastructure. Suggestions on integrating Spatial Planning and IWRM into
Flood Management through zoning will be further elaborated in this package.
Package D
4.5.13 Package D mentioned that PJT-II was a significant stakeholder in terms of data availability due to the
largest database and coherent data in the form of SISDA database and modelling system. For
network modelling, Package B is the significant partners in terms of data availability. PusAir is the
most capable organization in contributing to the capacity building.
4.5.14 Further, Package D discovered that there are many gaps in rainfall and stream flow data though it is
adequate to build a base model especially for upper Citarum. The network, water demand and
reservoir data is needed to develop network model for water allocation modelling as well as
rainfall-run off modelling. After careful analysis and comparison of all the available options,
KModSim, RRFS,QUAL2E-PLUS, CE-QUAL-W2 and K-water GIS database are selected as the
components to constitute the decision-support system (DSS). Support may also be built in for
RIBASIM.
4.5.15 The findings of Package D are valuable input for Package E in terms of data evaluations. Further,
Package D extensive database could be utilized directly in this package.
Conclusion: Interrelationships between Package E and Other Packages
4.5.16 Package E relies on the outputs of Package A to D. Instead of starting from scratch, Package E could
use the latest outputs and findings from other packages with some adjustments whenever necessary.
The other way round, the outputs and findings from package E could be used for Package A to D, in
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October 2011
particular the quantitative results of Package E in dealing with spatial planning, IWRM and flood
management related to climate change.
4.6
Institutional Setting for Water Resources Management in the Citarum River Basin
Status and Planning
4.6.1
The National Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) document presents an emission reduction target
increasing from 26% to 41% under Business As Usual (BAU) scenario by 2020 with appropriate
international support.
4.6.2
Indonesia Government is committed to this target through formulation of national development
strategy on low carbon emissions. This strategy has been translated into low carbon economic
development strategies in several Provinces, including West Java.
4.6.3
The issues of climate change are addressed in the Long-Term National Development Plan
2005-2035 (RPJMP 2005-2035). The National Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMN 2010-2014) has
defined the integration of climate change into national development planning through cross-sectoral
development, i.e. it is concerned with mainstreaming climate change concerns: a point which gives
clear direction to this package.
4.6.4
BAPPENAS has produced the National Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(RAN-GRK) based on three principles. That is, the mitigation actions:
should not hinder economic growth, and should prioritize people’s welfare, especially in the area
of energy resilience and food security;
support protection of poor and vulnerable communities; and
should reduce emissions and support activities to strengthen the policy framework.
4.6.5
In the RPJMP, focus on climate change has been differentiated into three phases. In the first phase,
the focus of the program will be on the development of understanding and knowledge on climate
change mitigation and adaptation, strengthening of institutional capacity in data and information
management as well as climate risk management and greenhouse gas inventory development
(KNOW-MANAGE). In the second phase, the focus will be on development of planning, policy
regulation and institutional actions (PLAN-PRIDE), followed by the implementation of adaptation and
mitigation actions, as well as the development of monitoring and evaluation system (ICON-MONEV)
to ensure effective implementation of plans and programs. The process of mainstreaming climate
change into the development agenda is summarized in Figure 4.6.
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Figure 4.16
Process of Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Agenda: Policies,
Guidelines, Roadmaps & Investment Funds
Indonesia:
Low
carbon
developdevelopment
M
BALI
ROADMAP
ROADMAP
PRES
STATEMENT:
G20 2009
GoI’
GoI’s own
GoI’s
budget
BiBi-/Multilateral
Bi-/Multilateral
cooperation
ICCTF
A
Bridges National
Action Plan on CC
(2007) into 5 yr midterm development
plan (RPJM) 2010-2014
& inputs till 2030.
Yellow
Book
ICCTF- International
financing mechanism
channeling investment
funds into national CC
initiatives.
Note: M is mitigation and A is adaptation.
Source: BAPPENAS, 2009
4.6.6
In the 2008 Annual Government Work Plan (Rencana Kerja Pemerintah) (RKP 2008), climate change
has been addressed in the Disaster Risk Reduction Program which recognizes climate change as a
driver of natural disasters and integral to one of the RKP’s eight priority programs. To provide
guidance for synergizing programs and actions on climate change adaptation and mitigation within
various sectors, each sector has been required to develop a sectoral roadmap under the coordination
of BAPPENAS. These roadmaps provide policy direction, strategies and programs to address climate
change by emission reductions, adaptation measures, and the development of climate mitigation and
adaptation programs.
Water Sector
4.6.7
In the sectoral roadmap, national water policies related to climate change are divided into three
categories in National Long Term Development Plan (Bappenas, 2010). The three categories include:
Category 1: Data, information and knowledge management for vulnerability and risk assessment
at regional level and strategic zone;
Category 2: Policy, Regulation and Institutional Development for:
o
Integrating local wisdom into policy planning, building community capacity and engage local
communities in climate change activities.
o
Promoting water conservation and mitigating climate change impacts.
Category 3: Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation of the following activities:
4.6.8
o
Extension of water supply network by using appropriate technology and development of
local water resources.
o
Improvement of storage capacity of water infrastructure for safeguarding water balance and
disaster prevention.
In general, national policy on water resources is stated in Perpres (President Regulation) No 33 Year
2011 concerning national policy on water resource management. This regulation is a derivation of PP
(Government Regulation) No 42 Year 2008 concerning water resource management which could be
traced back to UU (Law) No 7 Year 2004 concerning water resource.
On Perpres (President Regulation) No 33 Year 2011, in the background part of the regulation, climate
change is acknowledged as one of the problems and threats in the future. Perpres (President
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October 2011
Regulation) No 33 Year 2011 explains five missions to achieve the vision of water resources
management as stated in UU (Law) No 7 Year 2004. Two of the five missions are involving climate
change concerns in the strategies to achieve it. The two related missions are:
o
o
Mission of water resources for fairness and people prosperity. One of the strategies to
achieve it is by involving multi stakeholder in developing action plan to cope with climate
change issues.
Mission of controlling water potential destruction and its impact mitigation. In this mission,
community alertness in dealing with climate change impact is adopted as one of the strategy
to increase community awareness.
Agricultural Sector
4.6.9
The following are the climate change activities under Category 1 - Data, information and knowledge
management in the roadmap:
Crafting and preparation of crop variety tolerant against drought, flood, salinity, and pest, short
lived and high productivity;
Development of adaptive technologies, including superior variety, cultivation technique, and land
and water management; and
Impact analysis of climate anomaly to planting season shifting.
4.6.10 Under the Category 2 - Planning and Policy, Regulation and Institutional Development, the following
activities are proposed in the roadmap:
Improve the coordination of various government agencies on climate change policies and
activities, including socialization on climate change information;
Development of water safeguard policies, water sanitation and storage system during
post-harvest activities and production;
Building and development of cold chain system (CCS) and warehousing during post-harvest
activities and food storing;
Field development of integrated crop management on rice (SL-PTT padi);
Field development of integrated crop management on secondary crops (maize, soybean, peanut)
(SLPTT Palawija);
Development of crops that are resistance to drought, flood, and pest; and
Extend estate crops on mineral soil, non-peat and non-forest land.
4.6.11 Under Category 3 – Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation, the following activities are proposed
in the roadmap:
Reduction of harvest failure area;
Implementation of climate change adaptation and management of food scarcity through
development of food independent village program;
Increase diversity of food consumption and fresh food security; and
Improve food storage and handling.
Waste Management Sector
4.6.12 In this sector, only one activity - “Inventory studies and decrease in green house gas from solid
waste” has been proposed under the category 1 - Data, Information and Knowledge Management.
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4.6.13 Under the category 2 - Planning and Policy, Regulation and Institutional Development the proposed
activities include:
Standardize and strengthen the waste management approach in environmental policies
(stepwise approach);
Creation of Norm, Standard, Procedure and Criteria (NSPK) and Norm, Standard, Guideline,
Manual (NSPM) in waste sector;
Reduction of waste generation by regency/ city government based on NSPK;
Finalizing policies in the waste sector;
Developing waste management guidelines; and
Provision of technical guidelines on waste management.
4.6.14 Under Category 3 - Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation, the activities proposed include:
Reduction of harvest failure area;
Development of waste management facilities;
Selection of waste disposal method and CDM preparation; and
Development of landfill and 3Rs.
4.6.15 The Government of West Java Province has developed a Green Program in accordance with the
National Policy, which seeks to achieve two main outcomes:
The designation of 45% of the total area of West Java Province as Protected Areas; and
The evolution of a new development culture based on the principle of low emissions and to be
applied on all the communities and West Java government institutions.
4.6.16 Implementation of the Green Program requires a Regional Action Plan (RAP) that includes the
following three main programs:
A compilation of GHG inventories of the industrial, forestry, transportation and waste
management sectors;
Introduction of carbon emission reduction concept to all sectors in West Java through
cooperation across government, and
Building partnership between the private sector and communities in reducing emissions.
4.6.17 Moreover, the West Java Provincial Government is committed to implement the Green Program to
reduce GHG emissions by 2029, through an amendment of its long term development strategy
(RPJPD 2005-2025), with actions to be implemented as part of its current medium plan and Province
Spatial Plan (RPJMD and RTRW 2008-2013).
4.6.18 These policies and program initiatives are timely and appropriate to support the cleanup of the rivers
in West Java as part of rehabilitation of river ecosystems by reducing solid waste pollution and
reducing GHG emissions.
4.6.19 One of the key programmes of Package E will assist local, provincial and national agencies to identify
the actions for adapting their particular roles and functions to accommodate the impacts of climate
change in river basin management. As part of its objective of mainstreaming climate change
concerns in the government, the Project will engage BPLHD - the provincial host agency, in the
annual budget planning cycle to ensure that sufficient funding will be available to support
collaboration between the Project Tasks and activities. The consulting team will work closely with the
Package A team for pursuing development of this collaboration relationship. In addition to the
annual budget processes, the consulting team will also explore the opportunities of receiving
international financial and technological supports.
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4.7
Provincial Preparedness
4.7.1
To assess the awareness level of local government on national and provincial climate change policies
and programs, a preliminary assessment was implemented. A questionnaire survey with a sample
size of 22 government staffs from 12 Districts and 5 Cities in Garut, West Java was conducted on
21-22 March 2011. The questionnaire used is provided in Annex 5.
4.7.2
Analysis of the questionnaire results suggested that 94% of respondents were aware of national and
provincial policies. Two-third of the districts (64%) is developing local climate change policies and
programs (Table 4.5). The Districts of Cimahi, Bandung, and Ciamis are in the advanced stages of
developing climate change policies. Green Development Strategy, Climate Change Mitigation Action
Plan, Community Empowerment Program for Adaptation and Climate Change Awareness Program
have been formulated in these cities. The districts of Sukabumi and Garut and the cities of Bandung,
Sukabumi, Tasikmalaya and Bekasi are at the early stage of developing climate change policies,
while the districts of Purwakarta, Sumedang, Banjar, Subang, Majalengka and Indramayu have not
taken any concrete actions. Among the 17 local districts and cities that have participated in the
survey, 29% have developed green strategies, 41% have formulated local action plans for mitigation,
47% have established community empowerment program on adaptation, and 53% have developed
climate change awareness program.
Table 4.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Districts (Kabupaten) and Cities (Kota) at West Java Province that Have
Developed Climate Change Policies and Programs
District/City
Kab. Purwakarta*
Kab. Ciamis
Kab. Bandung*
Kab. Cimahi
Kab. Sumedang*
Kab. Banjar***
Kota Bandung*
Kota Sukabumi*
Kab. Subang*
Kota Tasikmalaya***
Kota Bekasi*
Kota Bogor*
Kota Cimahi
Kab. Sukabumi*
Kab. Majalengka
Kab. Garut*
Kab. Indramayu**
Total
Development
of Green
Strategy
1
1
1
1
1
5 (29%)
Local
Action
Plan for
Mitigation
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7 (41%)
Community
Empowerment
Program on
Adaptation
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8 (47%)
Climate
Change
Awareness
Program
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9 (53%)
Total
0
4
1
4
0
0
4
2
0
2
1
3
4
1
0
3
0
Note: * Part or whole of districts/cities areas locate in the CRB; **Districts/Cities locate outside CRB but get environmental
services from the CRB; *** Districts/Cities locate outside CRB and do not get environmental benefit from CRB. There were 22
local government staffs from the 17 local governments being interviewed. About 15 staffs were from Local Environmental
Agencies (BLHD, KLH), 6 staffs from Development Planning Agencies (Bappeda) and 1 staff from City Cleaning Agency (Dinas
Kebersihan)
4.7.3
In summary, the government of West Java Province has translated the national policy on climate
change into provincial policy through its Green Growth Strategy. Most of the local governments in
West Java are aware of the national and provincial climate change policies and programs. About
half of the local government have started to develop local policies and programs to address climate
change. Nevertheless, the management agencies of the River Basins in West Java have not yet
begun to integrate climate change issues into the planning process. Based on consultation with the
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October 2011
BPLHD of West Java Province, it is essential for this package to strengthen the institutional capacity
of formulating strategic policies to address future climatic challenges.
4.8
Potential for Community Outreach and Empowerment
4.8.1
Stakeholders (government, civil society, and private organizations) are aware of the importance of
strengthening community capacity to manage the Citarum River Basin (CRB). Various community
development programs have been implemented to promote community based management of the
CRB. However, the planning and implementation of these activities is not well coordinated. Better
coordination is needed to synergize the activities and to replicate the programs to other districts in
Indonesia.
4.8.2
Many community strengthening programs in CRB area rely on local government field extension
workers (FEW) in the agricultural and forestry sectors. FEW are responsible for implementing the
programs and facilitating the changes of rural society, as well as providing innovative ideas to achieve
program goals. Their presence and interaction with communities/farmers should increase to
facilitate changes in the rural area. Although stakeholders recognize the importance of these
activities, the effectiveness of the program is hindered by a number of problems.
4.8.3
The fundamental problem is the limited number of field extension workers (FEW). It is suggested
that each village should be assigned one FEW. Furthermore, many of the FEW are contracted
employees, or not able to engage in the necessary field work due to their age. These have
constrained the knowledge and skills available for implementing the community strengthening
program.
4.8.4
The institutional structure is the second barrier. The baseline survey revealed that currently not all the
local governments have sufficient presence or is of sufficiently seniority to allow them to implement
activities effectively within the local bureaucratic structure. Due to the institutional structure of these
agencies, it is very difficult to synchronize and synergize all extension efforts (i.e. agriculture, forestry,
fishery, community health, and sanitation) to meet the requirements of the current policies.
4.8.5
From a community development point of view, better management could be achieved if communities
are given more responsibility and flexibility to make their own local decisions rather than being
directed by government. In order to facilitate this change, building of community capacity is
required. The support of FEW in each village is necessary for these changes to happen. The
technical knowledge of the Extension Workers needs to improve so that they are able to meet these
particular challenges. Also, since the climate change concept would be introduced in community
development, the responsibility and flexibility of the local communities to make their own local
decisions would be more important. Provision of training in this area will be considered in this
package. It is expected that this package will be able to contribute to at least three activities:
advocacy to recruit more FEW;
training programs for FEW, and
participatory extension practices and entrepreneurship.
4.9
Capacity Building Needs
4.9.1
To effectively address current and future climate risks, building of good understanding and knowledge
of climate variability and climate change in the local government would be required. Availability of
good scientific information on climate change mitigation and adaptation would also be required to
assist the local government to develop effective climate change programs.
4.9.2
A survey was conducted by the consulting team in Garu and 22 local government staffs have
participated in the survey. The survey suggested that only one third of the participants felt that local
governments have enough knowledge to develop effective climate change programs, while only five
respondents (from Kabupaten Bandung, Cimahi and Purwakarta, and Kota Bogor and Cimahi)
expressed they have received support from local universities and NGOs in preparing their climate
change programs.
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4.9.3
Besides, the result reveals that the most imminent needs of the local governments are to receive
assistance in developing effective climate change programs in response to:
the impacts and vulnerabilities of all sectors to climate change;
identify potential mitigation measures; and
implement best practice and community-based climate change pilot projects.
4.9.4
The availability of tools for assisting policy makers in mainstreaming climate change programs into
long term development plan is also important. More than half of the respondents demanded receiving
various climate change training. The types of trainings and the percentage of respondents that would
demand those trainings are shown in Figure 4.17.
4.9.5
Besides, most of the local government representatives expressed that their understanding of baseline
concept needs to be improved as the knowledge is necessary for differentiating climate change
programs from the BAU programs (Figure 4.18). It also enables the local government to identify the
potential of receiving international supports.
Figure 4.17
Urgent Activities Required for Assisting Local Government in Mainstreaming
Climate Change into Long Term Development Program
Percent of Respondent (%)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Assessment of Implementation Assessment of Development of Training on
vulnerability of mitigation climate change tools for policy climate change
and adaptation and adaptation mitigation
makers for mitigation and
pilots
mainstreaming adaptation
climate change including cc
investment
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Types of Climate Change Training Activities Requested by Local Government
Mitigation
4.10
Cost and Benefit Analysis of
adaptation
Prioritization of adaptation
options
Development of adaptation
project proposal
Climate Risk Assessment
V&A Assessment
Identification and assessment
of mitigation options
Prioritization of mitigation
options
Development of mitigation
project proposal
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Baseline concept
Percent of Respondents
Figure 4.18
Adaptation
Institutional Setting for WRM at CRB
4.10.1 The institutional framework for watershed management in West Java has been a focus of attention for
a long time, particularly because of the economic importance of the CRB as a domestic, agricultural
and industrial water resource and as a power resource for energy generation. However, due to
insufficient knowledge and lack of clear institutional responsibilities, integrated solutions of the
problems have been difficult to implement and the condition of the CRB continues to deteriorate.
Deforestation and poor land use practices have increased the area of critical land in the upper
catchment while organic and inorganic pollution has worsened throughout the catchment area.
Reports of flood and drought effects on local communities have become more frequent and their
impacts have become more severe and widespread.
4.10.2 Analysis of the institutions involved in the CRB management at the three levels of government
reveals the complexity of beginning reform, although attempts are being made through national
forestry and water resources legislation to build multi stakeholder coordinating forums such as the
Forum DAS under the Forestry legislation and the Water Resources Council under the Public Works
legislation. The range of organizations involved in water management in the CRB has been mapped
in Figure 4.19.
4.10.3 At the national level, watershed management planning is within the authority of the BAPPENAS,
while the implementation of technical aspects of the river basin management is through the line
agencies of the Ministries of Public Works, Interior, Forestry, Agriculture and Health. Cross-sectoral
coordination is provided by the Ministry of Environment and the National Agency for Disaster
Management (BNPB). However, in practice, this function has been proven to be of limited value
because the BNPB and the MOE tend to interact with the line agencies separately. Without strong
partnership between these two agencies, their different perspectives on what should be prioritized
have led to the situation where their activities remain separate. Results of preliminary interviews
undertaken by the consulting team of this package with the local stakeholders and governments
during the Inception Phase have revealed that activities have not been effectively implemented
because the activities are regarded viewed as belonging to the government agencies rather than
being coordinated or launched by the agencies. Provincial and district multi-stakeholder forums have
been ineffective due to the lack of funding. Mechanism has been established for agencies to provide
funding but the effectiveness remains uncertain.
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4.10.4 At the provincial and local government (District/City) level, the Environmental Protection Act 32/2010
stipulates BPLHD as the coordinating agency for environmental management programs and
activities. In this context, BPLHD in the West Java Province has the responsibility to provide
leadership in the following issues related to the Citarum River Basin:
Supporting the local governments (districts/cities) when environmental problems involve more
than one district. Examples include the creation of the PES (Payment for Environmental
Services) mechanism between upstream and downstream districts/cities, and coordination of
clean river programs between upstream and downstream districts/cities;
Increasing the awareness and capacity of local governments to address climate change
problems by providing technical assistance of low carbon development and climate change
resilience programs;
Increasing the staff capacity of local environmental agencies at the district/city level to manage
activities toward low carbon emissions and climate resilience in the Citarum River Basin.
Bridging activities in restoring sub-watersheds of the Citarum River Basin (which involves
cooperation between village governments, NGOs, private sector) is one of the examples;
Coordinating collaborative research activities between the governments (local and national) and
the private sector in designing or improving policies and programs to reduce carbon emissions
and increase climate resilience; and
Providing assistance to local governments, NGOs and the private sector to gain access to
national and international climate change funds to support local climate change resilience or
carbon emission reduction activities.
4.9.5
Past project experience of the consulting team in watershed management throughout West Java
suggests that effective management is likely to be best achieved at the sub-watershed level rather
than at a broader watershed level. This approach promotes greater involvement of non-government
agencies. Successful management at the sub-watershed scale will automatically contribute to the
improvement of conditions at watershed level. For successful management at the sub-watershed
scale, typically there will be a need for the involvement of government structures in one or more
districts, depending on the area of coverage of the sub-watershed, in order to integrate project
objectives with the ecological boundaries set by water flows. Preliminary work has indicated that a
thorough understanding of the importance of integrating upstream and downstream interrelationships
through mechanisms such as PES is critical to the success of the project.
4.9.6
The TA will need to investigate how this integration might best be achieved. However, it should be
consistent with the authorities from national and provincial administrations that is led by the local
government environmental agencies (BPLH in District/City level). Nonetheless, as local government
authorities are set autonomously by each administration under their own strategic plans, only
relatively few (only 4 out of 17 sampled so far) of them currently have a sufficient status within the
administrative hierarchy to exercise coordination over their respective line agencies.
4.9.7
Past project experience of the consulting team also indicates that the implementation of programs, at
the sub-watershed scale, will also facilitate local governments to provide aid to private sector
engagement and funding support. An initiative to collect funds from institutions that get direct and
indirect benefits from the rivers was previously implemented in West Java. However, it was
subsequently suspended due to administrative issues that had affected the collection and the use of
funds. This idea is currently being reintroduced through a proposed provincial state enterprise
company as part of the “Green Province” strategy, with the aim to collect and manage funding from
the private sector in a sub-watershed to support environmental protection and the business activities
of communities.
4.9.8
No matter which institutional arrangement is adopted to manage water resources under the changing
climatologic conditions, the following activities should be considered:
Identification of parties and their roles in improving watershed management, including capacity
building on vulnerability assessment and climate change mitigation and adaptation programs
according to their capacities;
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Strengthening institutional capacity to determine the additional investment required for managing
climate change impacts;
Development of a process for identifying and receiving international aids and facilitating the
formulation of activities to receive more funding;
Creation of green business activities for all parties (government, private and community); and
Mainstreaming climate change mitigation and adaptation policies into the institutional plans.
4.9.9
The selected watershed management system must be open to dialogue within the community in each
sub-watershed and able to strengthen the partnership between various stakeholders at different
levels. The Forum Das and The Water Resource Management Council are two multi-stakeholder
forums which could reinforce the support to this process.
4.9.10 The institutional analysis from past project experience of the consulting team suggests that the most
effective approach to address future climate change challenges on watershed management is to build
the capacity of the climate change mitigation and adaptation division in the BPLHD. The capacity
building program aims to enable BPLHD to coordinate with BAPPEDA effectively on technical issues
and development of climate change policies and plans.
4.9.11 The initial phase of the capacity building program would be designed to strengthen the climate
change knowledge of government officials and provide necessary equipment with the support of
donor funding until BPLHD is able to seek and receive appropriate support from national and
provincial budget.
4.9.12 Local governments have proposed three programmes to support the BPLHD at the provincial level to
build a management network so that they may effectively coordinate climate risk management in the
CRB. These programmes are to:
expand the status of the government offices at the district level to Agency level so that they are
allowed to take up a coordination role;
improve the knowledge of local government to design climate change resilience programs for
Citarum watershed; and
determine the additional investment required to implement the programs.
4.9.13 In reference to the three programmes that build management collaboration network, BPLHD will be
an initiator in developing clearing house of Citarum Watershed River Basin (CWR).
Multi-stakeholder workshops will be held at province level for developing common understanding on
clearing house development. The Clearing House of CWR (CHCWR) aims at coordinating various
parties in implementing climate change adaptation and mitigation program in CWR region. The roles
of CHCWR include the followings:
To share information and experience of development of climate change adaptation and
mitigation activities in Citarum Watershed, e.g. best practices in water use efficiency, land
conflict resolution, and implementation of climate field school;
To facilitate the exchange of scientific, technical, environmental and legal information on, and
share experience on the development of climate change adaptation and mitigation in Citarum
Watershed; and
To foster collaborative partnership between different parties, e.g. cooperation of action research,
and implementation of PES.
4.9.14 The CHCWR will be developed by using a stepwise approach. The CHCWR will be established by
BPLHD as an independent institution and ready to serve different institutions (governments, NGOs,
private sector, and community groups) in climate change initiatives in Citarum Watershed. The
CHCWR is designed to be accessible through internet for distributing information. Users can update
the CHCWR through an authenticated system to ensure timeliness and accuracy of the information.
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4.9.15 In addition, Ministry of Environment (KLH), Provincial/District/Cities Environmental Agencies as
mandated by the Environmental Protection Act 32/2010 will become agencies responsible of
coordinating environmental management programs and activities in their administrative areas. In
this context, the BPLHD in West Java Province should also play an active role in following areas:
facilitating collaboration between and providing support to local governments (districts/cities) to
resolve environmental problems in the Citarum Watershed Management when the problems
involve more than one district. Establishment of PES (Payment for Environmental Services)
between upstream and downstream districts/cities, and coordination of activities between
upstream and downstream districts/cities to implement the clean river programs are two of the
examples;
increasing awareness and building capacity of local governments in addressing climate change
concerns by providing assistance to low carbon development and the development of climate
change resilience programs;
building the capacity of local environmental agencies at district/city level to manage low carbon
and climate resilient activities in Citarum River Basin , such as bridging activities in restoring
Citarum River Basin of sub-watersheds (cooperation between village governments, NGOs,
private etc.);
coordinating collaborative research activities that can facilitate collaboration between
government departments/ agencies (local and National) and private sectors in designing and
improving their policies and programs toward low carbon emission and climate resilient; and
providing assistance to local governments, NGOs and private sector in receiving climate change
fund from national and international institutions to support local activities toward low carbon
emissions and climate resilient.
4.9.16 In summary, the government of West Java and the local governments of the CRB have begun to
address climate change challenges and are still exploring a suitable institutional structure which can
overcome the problems incurred by inter-sectoral differences in the current institution structure.
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Figure 4.19
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Institutional Setting for WRM in CRB
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5
GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS
5.1
Guiding Principles
5.1.1
To achieve the project objectives, the design and implementation of the technical assistance is
anchored on the following key guiding principles:
Holistic and Integrated Management Approach
5.1.2
Viewed as a water resource management system, the Citarum River Basin (CRB) is composed of
interacting and interdependent biophysical and human components that shape its condition and the
nature of the goods and services it provides. Biophysically, the watershed and surrounding forest
cover have been degraded due to unsustainable land use. The degraded watershed reduces the
ability of the CRB to provide a sustainable supply of water for irrigation, hydropower, domestic, and
other uses. Socio-economically, inappropriate waste management practices in the CRB lead to the
deterioration of water quality in the basin which reduces and threatens the utility and sustainability of
the CRB water supply. It is anticipated that future climate change and variability will increase the
vulnerability of the CRB by increasing seasonal changes in water availability. These increased
seasonal changes will challenge the ability of the CRB to provide the desired quantity of good quality
water through time.
5.1.3
Considering that climate change is a major threat to the long-term sustainable development of the
CRB, the traditional methods of water resource planning may no longer be useful for planning for
future climate conditions. A holistic and integrated management approach is needed to replace the
sectoral and piece-meal approach that characterizes past and current practices of water resource
planning. Specifically, such a holistic and integrated approach exhibits the following characteristics:
Both the biophysical and socio-economic components of the system should be treated as
equally important and the integrity of both components should be maintained. Assessments
should therefore be conducted by identifying, assessing, and reporting on the current and future
vulnerability of both human communities (including groups such as women, children and senior
citizens) and ecosystems to climate variability and change. Assessments should also report on
the significance of climate change risks to the CRB relative to other uncertainties such as
projections of population and economic growth. Similarly, the identification and prioritization of
adaptation and mitigation policy and measures for policy adoption in the CRB will be largely
based on the potential contribution of the policy to improve the condition of both human
communities and ecosystems.
At least three levels of integration should be promoted.
disciplinary.
They are: spatial, sectoral, and
o
Spatial integration considers the entire watershed or the basin as the spatial unit of planning
and management instead of the traditional boundary defined by political jurisdiction. It
recognizes the fact that water resource problems are interrelated and cut across political
boundaries and hence appropriate and effective management solutions will only be
achieved through an integrated “trans-boundary” approach.
o
Sectoral integration promotes synergy and collaboration not only among the different
government agencies but also with the concerned civil society and private sectors by
engaging them in the different phases of the project. It will allow the pulling together of
resources, complementation of technical expertise, and will promote unified and collective
action to achieve the overall goal of sustainable CRB management based on a by all parties
agreed framework and road map to development.
o
Disciplinary integration harnesses the strengths of both biophysical and social sciences, to
provide technical inputs and guidance in changing climate change concerns into Citarum
water resource policy and planning and implementing climate change mitigation and
adaptation pilot activities. Disciplinary integration will use both scientific information and
local knowledge from local communities and other stakeholders as a basis for vulnerability
and climate risk assessment, plan formulation, and identification and implementation of pilot
mitigation and adaptation activities.
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A comprehensive and systematic response to climate change issues and risks will be advanced
through the project’s strategic interventions. These interventions involve raising awareness and
capacity development of different sectors and stakeholders on climate change, mainstreaming
climate change concerns in water resource policy and planning at different levels, integrating
mitigation and adaptation strategies in the pilot activities, and scaling pilot initiatives beyond the
lifespan of the project by tapping into international funding support.
Science-Based Climate Risk Assessment and Planning
5.1.4
Climate change is the focus of Package E and scientific information on climate change will be the
foundation on which pilot activities in the CRB will be based. Local knowledge from key
stakeholders will also be an important source of information. It is important that the scientific
information provided by the vulnerability and climate risk assessments for Package E is reliable as
these assessments are the foundation for effective climate change planning and decision-making.
5.1.5
Scientifically robust climate change assessments are key in anticipating the impacts of future climate
change and in turn for “climate proofing” current and future investments. Robust assessments are
also important when identifying effective adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce the adverse
impacts of climate change and when promoting climate change resilient communities and
ecosystems.
5.1.6
The projections for future climate change in the CRB will be established within the available financial
and time constraints by using a state of the art methodology for climate change projection. Similarly,
tested vulnerability and climate risk assessments will be applied to suit the CRB context and provide
a sound basis for a more responsive climate change policy and effective mitigation and adaptation
planning.
Participatory Multi-Stakeholder Approach
5.1.7
As is typical for many natural resources, the CRB as a water resource management system is
composed of multiple stakeholders at different levels with varying socio-economic, environmental,
and political interests. The stakeholders include, among others, the different government agencies
operating at the national, provincial and district levels, the private sectors, non-government
organizations, and the local communities living within and around the watershed area. Some of
these stakeholders may have forged working alliances through time while others may have
developed misunderstandings and conflicts concerning their varying interests in relation to the CRB’s
resources.
5.1.8
The active participation of various stakeholders at different levels is a key principle that will be
employed throughout the project to create a high degree of awareness on climate change matters, to
mobilize the support of the stakeholders in planning and project implementation, and solicit the
stakeholders’ commitment to sustain the project activities and benefits beyond the project life. The
active involvement of the stakeholders will also help resolve conflicting interests and promote synergy
and cooperation towards the achievement of a common goal, i.e., the integrated, collaborative, and
sustainable management of the CRB.
5.1.9
Ideally the major stakeholders should be actively involved in the project from the planning process to
implementation of planned activities. Taking a participatory approach dictates that key stakeholders
will be actively engaged in all the stages of the project cycle. In this project the technical assistance
team, in collaboration with the implementing and executing agencies, will facilitate a process that will
provide opportunities for all key stakeholders to participate actively in the implementation of major
project activities within the bounds of available project resources and the limited period of
implementation.
Balancing Outputs and Processes
5.1.10 Consistent with the participatory multi-stakeholder principle espoused by the project, equal emphasis
will be given in terms of the timely production of the required deliverable outputs and the major
processes involved during the project implementation. Key processes undertaken in achieving the
project objectives, particularly the engagement of the different stakeholders in various stages of
project implementation, will be properly documented to capture the dynamics of stakeholder
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engagement, the key issues and problems encountered along the way, and the manner by which they
were addressed and resolved. Documenting key processes will serve as an additional indicator to
monitor the progress of project implementation and identify key concerns requiring immediate
attention that may be important in influencing the outcomes of the project. At the end of the project,
lessons learned from the initial implementation of the project will be distilled and emphasis will be
placed on the processes needed to guide the scaling up of climate change initiatives in the CRB as
well as effective ways to implement related projects elsewhere.
Knowledge Product Oriented
5.1.11 In addition to achieving its objectives, the project also aims to produce various products such as
guidebooks, manuals, and policy briefs containing information as derived and developed by this
package. These products will be valuable not only to CRB stakeholders but also to other national and
international users who are concerned about multi-stakeholder integrated and sustainable water
resource management. Among others, the products will include, a guidebook on vulnerability and
adaptation assessment, manuals on waste management projects, a manual on monitoring mitigation
projects, a policy brief on mainstreaming climate change concerns in water resource management,
and a policy brief on climate proofing water infrastructure. Local, national, and international
validation/peer-reviews and wider dissemination of the products will actively be sought subject to the
availability of the project resources.
5.2
Methods
Implementation Framework
5.2.1
This package has been divided into two phases for implementation:
Mainstreaming climate change risks and impacts into water management through the processes
and institutions of government and civil society; and
Design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of mitigation and adaptation pilot projects.
5.2.2
These two phases have been conceived to be implemented in an overlapping way starting with the
reviews and analysis in mainstreaming climate change concerns into water resources management
during the first year of the project with the pilots being introduced late in the first year. The pilots will
become the main focus of activities in the second and third years.
5.2.3
The fundamental importance of ensuring a broad stakeholder base for the implementation of the
pilots has now been recognised. Also, it has been proposed that these two phases will be conducted
in a more parallel fashion. Conducting the phases in a parallel fashion will allow time to cultivate a
depth and breadth of stakeholder engagement and also provide a practical set of examples against
which the more conceptual elements of the analysis of climate change impacts can be evaluated and
understood. Moreover, by adopting a parallel implementation approach, it is believed that progress
could be made in stimulating individual and institutional behavioural change through community
empowerment and outreach activities.
5.2.4
The successful implementation of the project will be evaluated against eight Outputs:
A Working Paper on climate change mitigation and adaptation assessments in the CRB;
Operational Guidelines for mainstreaming climate change concerns in integrated water resource
management;
A strategic framework document on climate change and water in the CRB;
CRB specific action plans on mitigation and adaptation and capacity development;
Mitigation pilot activities and PDD for accessing international carbon markets;
Adaptation pilot activities and PD for accessing international adaptation funds.;
CRB specific guidebooks and manuals for mitigation and adaptation;
CRB specific financing plans to guide climate change investments up to 2025.
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5.2.5
These outputs will be achieved through the implementation of twenty two Tasks which are defined in
the work plan Annex 2. The basis for managing the Tasks will be:
A focus on climate change modelling and its downscaling results to provide the most timely and
cost effective indication of the risks and impacts of climate change in the CRB Territory;
The ordering, analysis and utilisation of factual information as the basis for objective institutional
strengthening of government and civil society organisations. These data will also form the
basis for outreaching activities to be managed under a communication strategy; and
A focus on participatory processes involving the broadest range of stakeholders. For this a
Communication and Community Empowerment Strategy is to be developed which will utilise
inputs from all specialists and to which all specialists will refer in approaching their Tasks.
5.2.6
This section will present the methods and approaches which will be taken to these three areas of key
activities:
Regional Climate Change Scenarios Development
5.2.7
As discussed in the section 4.2, in this package, Both statistical and dynamic downscaling techniques
will be used to generate climatic information over the CRB area. Data of two extreme scenarios (A2
and B1) and one moderate scenario A1B will be used to develop climatic information for the CRB
basin area. Multiple regression models will be used for statistical downscaling of the GCMs data.
Specific humidity, precipitation, air pressure, air temperature (mean, maximum and minimum), wind
speed data are available from GCMs. This data will be downscaled using the ground based station
data over the CRB area. The quasi-real reanalysis data products will be used to fill the gaps of
observed data. Moreover, weather generators will be used to produce equivalent daily observations
for stations having poor or less observed data.
5.2.8
Dynamic downscaling of the GCM will be conducted using RegCM Regional climate model. This
model will be simulated using lateral boundary data from ECHAM5 model. The moderate A1B
scenarios are available for generating future climatic of this model. The horizontal resolution of the
output of the RCM will be 20 km. The daily output of this model will be available for baseline
condition (1961-1990) and 3 future time slice (2020, 2050, 2080) of each 30 years of length. The
dynamically downscaled climatic information will be bias corrected using the available ground based
measurements.
Information Management and GIS –Specification and Spatial Data
Coordinate systems
5.2.9
All data produced for or by this TA project (TA7189-INO) will be delivered as longitude and latitude
(geographic) coordinates. However, for performing a reliable overlay of spatial data and measuring
such as areas of polygons, perimeter of polygons or distances of lines, a UTM coordinate system
may be used. If the existing spatial data needs to be converted from geographic coordinates system
to a UTM coordinate system, the products have to be saved in 48S zone of UTM.
Datum
5.2.10 BAKOSURTANAL civilian surveying authorities Indonesia adopted World Geodetic System 1984
(WGS84) as the standard for all spatially referenced data. The WGS84 datum for geographic
coordinate systems has been adopted worldwide by other mapping or surveying agencies and is
consistent with GPS use. Since 2000 Indonesia BAKOSURTANAL standardized topographic or
thematic map on a National Geodetic Datum (DGN-95). This datum is consistent with WGS-84.
Data Formats
5.2.11 All vector data will be supplied as an ArcView Shapefile, and/or ArcINFO coverage. All raster data
will be supplied as an ArcINFO GRID and ArcINFO interchange file, compatible with the current
version of ArcINFO. In general, all digital imagery, such as remote sensing data, is to be supplied as
tagged image file format (.TIFF) or (.IMG) files with the proper header file (or word file) for
geo-referencing purposes. Brief reviews of current spatial data formats are provided below:
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ESRI ArcView Shapefile. The shape file format includes at a minimum the .SHP, .DBF,
and .SHX files (ArcGIS .SHP files should include the metadata .XML file from ArcCatalog).
A .PRJ (projection definition) file is required unless specified otherwise in the contract or project
proposal.
ESRI ArcINFO Coverage. Data developed in ArcINFO coverage format should be exported to
an .E00 file (ArcGIS 9.x .E00 files should include the metadata .XML file from ArcCatalog).
ArcINFO GRID File. This is the preferred format for raster data and is particularly useful for
images that contain attributes other than cell values. Generally, GRID themes should be
delivered as .E00 files as stipulated above. However, for large raster data sets, ESRI
recommends sharing GRID files as separate workspaces because .E00 files may be extremely
large and unwieldy.
GeoTIFF v1.0.
A raster format with geo-referencing stored in the header of the file.
ERDAS Imagine file. Imagine files shall be geo-referenced.
included if available.
Pyramid files (.RRD) shall be
Data Collection and Compilation
5.2.12 Once a data source has been identified, data must be collected and compiled into a consistent
format. Table 5.1 shows the required spatial data for the V&A assessment which is available in
many different agencies as well as in the data sets of other packages of this TA project, with which
this package (Package E) will work closely with. Spatial data may have already existed as a GIS
data set, but more commonly spatial data are actually tabular data that have no spatial references,
graphical data in a hard copy map, remote sensing data, or analogue field data. The spatial data
collection and compilation process thus seeks to bring in data from disparate sources and
geo-referencing systems and combine them into a consistent GIS data set.
5.2.13 Datasets are available in different public government agencies and private data providers and exist in
varied formats, reference systems, spatial and temporal resolutions as well as documentation.
Thus, data has to be harmonized to reach a uniform and common data supply for vulnerability and
risk assessment. The measures of data harmonization and integration include:
transformations of the map datum in relation to a uniform map projection;
conversions of different file formats to one common format;
transformations from raw data to readable and interpretable data;
the elimination of erroneous geometry types;
the adjustment of different geometries; and
the completion and combination of the spatial data and the tables of the thematic and statistical
data and calculations.
Table 5.1
Required Spatial and Tabular Data
Category
Datasets
Topographical/ base data
Topography map (Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia – RBI)
1:25,000
Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in different spatial l
resolutions: SRTM (90m), ASTER (30m)
Other base data: Regional Spatial Plan Map of Districts
Environmental
Land cover of MoF, Developed Area & Conservation Land
Uses, Global Land Cover (GLC) of 2000, soil map and
properties, rainfall map (raster) in rough spatial l resolutions,
geology map
Statistical
Potensi Desa (PODES) data, SUSENAS, statistical data for
agriculture, disaster occurrences data (Frequency of floods,
droughts, and landslide), Human Development Index (HDI)
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Data Analysis and Application
5.2.14 The data analysis and application functionalities are end products for use of GIS in vulnerability and
risk assessment. They determine the information that can be generated by the GIS. A list of
required capabilities will need to be defined as a part of the system requirement in data analysis. In
assessment of climate vulnerability and risk, the GIS capabilities in geographic analysis and spatial
visualization are commonly used because they improve ability of interpretation of the overall
modelling outcomes. The GIS output of the vulnerability assessment will depend on the indicators of
vulnerability which are still to be decided in specific terms. However, they will be functions of
exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity and can be presented in many layers of indicators. A
format for the presentation of the data to be analysed through GIS is presented in (Table 5.2).
Table 5.2
Function and List of Indicators
Type of Vulnerability
Function/Criteria
Flood, Drought, Landslide, etc
Exposure
Sensitivity
Adaptability
Indicator/layer
exposure indicator 1
…
exposure indicator n
sensitivity indicator 1
…
adaptability indicator n
adaptability indicator 1
…
adaptability indicator n
5.2.16 The vulnerability modelling use following equation:
Vulnerability = Exposure x Sensitivity/adaptability
where the exposure refers to the nature and degree to which a system is exposed to significant
climatic variations. Sensitivity means the degree to which a system is affected, either adversely or
beneficially, by climate-related stimuli. Adaptability is defined as “the ability of a system to adjust to
climate change (including climate variability and extremes), to moderate the potential damage from it,
to take advantage of its opportunities, or to cope with its consequences.
5.2.17 The equation above indicates that the vulnerability is increased as the exposure and sensitivity to
climate change are increased, meanwhile under the same condition the vulnerability to climate
change decreases by adaptability.
5.2.18 The GIS modelling would be performed by using multi criteria analysis (MCA) as presented in Figure
5.1. This approach applies standard geographic analysis provided by GIS software such as
interpolation, classification, and overlay.
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Figure 5.1
The GIS Procedure to Assess Vulnerability
Data Exchange Formats
5.2.19 Data exchange formats detail specifically how data should be exchanged, supplied and saved.
They should include tables and item names and types, required information, and file types. Both
spatial and tabular data are more useful when they are exchanged in a pre-determined format.
5.2.20 ESRI shapefiles (*.shp) are the preferred format for Environmental spatial data. At a minimum, all
data supplied must include the three basic files that comprise the data set (*.shp, *.shx, *.dbf).
Hydrological Modeling
5.2.21 Hydrology simulation under Package E will be developed using the output from the climate change
model and input for various land use scenarios which will be closely linked to the spatial planning
being undertaken by Package B of this TA project. Climate change models will generate daily data
such as: temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation. For each
land use scenario, hydrology simulation will be conducted using current and future climate scenarios:
Current climate data will be used as validations while future climate change data will be used to
predict the risk and vulnerability of the CRB to climate change.
5.2.22 Two approaches will be used: For dependent water flows impacts will be assessed in relation to
outputs from simple water balance models. However, this approach will not provide sufficient insight
into the impacts of extreme flows on erosion, sedimentation and flooding. For this purpose the TA
intends to apply the SWAT approach building on the work of Mulyana et al. (Please refer to Section
4.3 for details).
5.2.23 Package B1 is engaged in on-going water balance modelling using the RIBASIM software, which
focuses on water allocation to evaluate various alternative water distribution options for current and
future water supply and demand. As the RIBASIM model for the CRB has been calibrated by
package B1, Package E works closely with Package B1 to avoid overlap and to maximise the
efficiency of the use of the TA resources.
5.2.24 Package D has compiled several rainfall-run off models. During the discussion with the Package D
consulting team, it was determined that they will calibrate and validate the RRFS model for the CRB.
Package E will consider the use of this model when its calibration and validation has been completed
by the consulting team of Package D.
5.2.25 For the extreme flow risk and vulnerability assessments, the SWAT model will be used in addition to
the water balance modelling. Experience in the use and application of this tool is available within the
team. SWAT is a basin scale, continuous time model that operates on a daily time step and is
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designed to predict the impact of management on water, sediment, and agricultural chemical yields in
un-gauged watersheds. The model is physically based, computationally efficient, and capable of
continuous simulation over long time periods. Major model components include weather, hydrology,
soil temperature and properties, plant growth, nutrients, pesticides, bacteria and pathogens, and land
management. In SWAT, a watershed is divided into multiple sub-watersheds, which are then further
subdivided into hydrologic response units (HRUs) that consist of homogeneous land use,
management, and soil characteristics. The area which is important and different from the hydrology
model used in CRB is the capabilities of SWAT to incorporate reservoir operations in simulating
streamflow (Gassman et al, 2007).
5.2.26 Fontaine et al (2001) have shown the uses of SWAT in predicting climate change effects on
streamflow. Similar studies have also been conducted by Stone et al (2001) to couple GCM and
RegCM with a hydrological SWAT model to assess impacts of climate change on the Missouri River
Basin water yield. This approach directly mirrors the challenges to be faced in the CRB. In the
Stone et al. (2001) analysis, a changed climate scenario was produced with a GCM at a resolution of
about 5 degrees in physical space. A Regional Climate Model (RegCM) was then used to downscale
the climate data to a horizontal grid point spacing of 50 km. The output from RegCM was then
processed by a Geographical Information System (GIS) into a hydrologic model that was used to
assess impacts on water yield for a selected historic period.
Community Development, Communication, and Outreach Strategy
5.2.27 The project aims to strengthen the capacity of communities to adapt to climate change.
Communities at the grass-root level need information, education, and communication (IEC) about
climate change. Research has shown that most farmers have heard about climate change as it is a
key topic which the media has consistently reported. The meaning of climate change and actions that
individuals can take to respond to climate change is however not well understood by the farmers.
This project will seek to develop and test materials and approaches which are necessary to fill these
knowledge gaps.
5.2.28 The Project will initially address the challenges of communicating and understanding of the meaning
of climate change and the potential actions that individuals and institutions can take. This will be
achieved by compiling and analysing the wide range of materials that have already been produced by
national and provincial government agencies in relation to selected target audiences. It is
considered that there is a strong need to bring together these individual efforts into a coordinated
basket of options and then to work with local government extension staff to integrate them into their
existing ranges of extension materials. There is also a need for the government to provide support
in building the capacity of the extension workers to convey the materials to farmers in a constructive
and effective approach.
5.2.29 The key of transferring knowledge effectively is using interactive learning approach. This approach
will underpin the work which is carried out in the course of this package by utilising the understanding
of expressed community needs as the entry point. Based on the feedback received during the
inception workshop at Jakarta and Bandung Inception, the consulting team will undertake the
following as the Community Outreach and Empowerment component:
Extension Worker Capacity Building. Extension workers are the main players in farmer
empowerment. The objective of this activity is to raise the awareness and knowledge of climate
change of extension workers. Capacity building will also focus on improving the skills of
extension workers in participatory extension approach.
Communication Materials Development. There is already a large amount of printed and
electronically transmitted materials available to support the extension of knowledge about
climate change to the public, including a considerable amount of materials produced by the
Ministry of Environment. These materials will be selectively modified so that the content will be
tailored for the Citarum region. In some cases, technical information will be improved based on
current thinking and latest findings.
Community Education. The objective of this activity is to raise awareness and knowledge in
the community about climate change and its impact to encourage personal adaptation to climate
change as well as activities which are conducive in mitigating the climate change impacts.
Various community institutions (farmers, education, religious, youth, etc) will be involved in these
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education activities. The leaders of these institutions are expected to be trained and
subsequently be responsible to pass on knowledge about climate change in their institutions.
Pilot Projects. The objective of this activity is to raise community knowledge about how to
adapt to and mitigate climate change impacts. The pilots are not merely new projects, but aim
to improve and scale-up existing adaptation and mitigation projects developed by other
institutions. The Community Empowerment component of the Project will be an integral part of
the design of the five adaptation and mitigation pilot projects to be undertaken in the second
phase of this project.
Community Network Building. In order to ensure the project works could be implemented
effectively, a community network should be built so that the pilot projects could be connected
with other community activities.
Linking Among Stakeholders.
The objectives of this activity are:
o
to raise awareness and knowledge of all stakeholders; and
o
to synergize all activities in the CRB.
5.2.30 These objectives will be promoted through a series of round table discussions involving the following
stakeholders:
Citarum Water Forum;
Bappeda staff at province and district levels dealing with Spatial Plan from West Java Province,
downstream and upstream districts (perception about climate proofing spatial plan);
Environmental NGOs working in the Citarum and some of the farmer leaders from KTNA
(mapping the on-going and planned activities related to climate change and community
empowerments);
Local Governments and private sectors (focusing on-going and planned program related to
climate change with staff from sample of downstream and upstream district governments) who
benefit from or use environmental services in Citarum River Basin;
Public Works (focusing on current process for developing water infrastructure – perception of
climate proofing infrastructure) and Dam Managers (focusing on the use of climate information
from improving water/reservoir management);
Sectoral Offices (Agriculture, forestry such as BPDAS and Environmental Offices, focusing on
on-going and planned program related to climate, get inputs for synergizing the activities at
Provincial level); and
Agencies responsible for extension services (focusing on on-going and planned program for
extensions services, how to include climate change mitigation and adaptation issues in the
extension services program).
5.2.31 The design and implementation of these round table discussions will include discussion with other
consulting teams of different packages under this TA project avoid overlapping and ineffective use of
time or the risk of respondent fatigue.
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6
PILOT PROJECTS
6.0.1
The Pilot Projects and associated activities involving guidebooks, community outreach and
empowerment, financing plans and proposals constitute the second phase of the TA and will take up
much of the time required for field work and interactions with stakeholders. The ToR for this package
is clear as to what the pilots will involve as shown in Box 6.1.
Box 6.1: The Purpose and Scope of Pilot Activities Specified in the TOR for Package E
Pilot mitigation activities will focus on community-based waste-to-energy projects in both
rural and urban areas.
In rural areas, pilots will promote biogas as a commercially viable industry by
expanding its use for cooking, lighting, and pumping water, which will reduce deforestation
caused by the need for wood fuel. The processed sludge will be used as an organic
fertilizer, thereby reducing the need for fossil-fuel intensive fertilizers. Scaling up and
replicating the pilot actions can reduce the requirement for fossil fuel energy and
oil imports, thereby enhancing local energy security.
In urban areas, pilots will focus on solid waste management (MSW) by promoting the
collection, separation, and treatment of waste in selected municipalities.
In
coordination with local communities, various types of demonstration projects (small
landfill, open dumps, and organized waste collection) will be selected to represent the
diverse circumstances in terms of waste compositi on, technology to be adopted,
and the potential f or public–private partnerships.
Pilot adaptation activities will involve:
water conservation;
sustainable agriculture, focusing on a system of rice intensification, including adoption of
flood-tolerant varieties;
climate-proofing water infrastructure, such as culverts, bridges, check dams, spillways,
flood embankments, dredging, and sea defences; and
Pilot activities aim to demonstrate the value of innovative practices and techniques,
and they will require only minor civil works. Any area or activity with potential
safeguard problems, including those with impacts on indigenous peoples or which
involve involuntary settlement, will not be selected for a pilot.
6.1
Mitigation vs. Adaptation
6.1.1
There is now scientific consensus that greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations
are set to increase for some decades to come, and that global means surface temperature will
continue to increase long after the peak of emissions has passed. While uncertainty exists in regards
to the degree of which warming will occur and at what rate it will unfold, there is no doubt about the
general trend that warming is unequivocal and will have adverse impacts on both natural and social
systems. Even with an aggressive mitigation strategy, global surface warming and its associated risks
will persist up to end of the 21st century and beyond.
6.1.2
Although climate change mitigation has been the key initiatives under the Kyoto Protocol, including
under the framework of CDM, it is now clear that adaptation by communities to the reality of climate
change is, at the very least, necessary; and among the poor, certainly the priority. It is therefore
incumbent for all countries to adapt to climate change to maintain their present levels of affluence and
promote sustainable development
6.1.3
History has determined that initiatives in mitigation and adaptation have evolved separately, but it is
now clear that both approaches are linked through the need to address a common thread of
institutional and personal behavioural changes. Mitigation and adaptation represent two sides of a
single coin: the more people who succeed in adapting to the realities of changing environments, the
more meaningful it becomes, at a personal level, to take action in limiting the extent of the change.
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Conversely, the greater the success in the mitigation activities of reducing carbon emissions, the
greater the number of options available for the future of communities and ecosystems.
6.1.4
The inter-relatedness of these two approaches appears to have been grasped by the Indonesian
government in its medium and long term planning. For example, in the RPJM 2010-2014, the Ministry
of Agriculture has planned its climate change action programs on three areas:
Climate change adaptation and mitigation with the aim for developing crop production systems,
which are resilient to current and future climate risk. The indicators being used consist of a 1-2%
annual increase in crop production, reduction of production loss due to climate extreme events,
and the improvement of water use efficiency. The proposed action programs include:
o
revitalization and rehabilitation of agriculture infrastructure, and in particular, setup of
irrigation infrastructures (JITUT, JIDES etc.) and the optimization of land resource
utilization;
o
revitalization and development of farmers’ institutions
insurance;
o
development and application of climate adaptive technologies including food diversification
and improvement of land cultivation systems leading to lower emissions and higher water
use efficiency; and
o
optimization of the use of potential agricultural land and the improvement of peat land
management.
and application of climate
Development of regulations, tools and guidelines for developing climate-smart agriculture
systems. The proposed action programs include:
o
development of a climate information system and early warning system for managing
drought and floods;
o
development of tools and guidelines to evaluate land use plans and the resilience of
agriculture infrastructure to climate variability;
o
development of regulations to encourage the adoption and use of climate adaptive and low
emission technologies; and
o
support for multidisciplinary research to underpin the management of climate risks.
Climate change advocacy and information dissemination to increase the awareness of farmers
and their understanding on climate risk management and implementation of related regulations.
The proposed action programs include:
o
development, replication and implementation of climate impact field schools; and
o
socialization of regulations related to environmental protection.
6.1.5
The Ministry of Agriculture has developed a matrix of climate change actions for adaptation and
mitigation which indicates the time, targeted area and locations for climate change management
intervention.
6.1.6
For the water sector, climate change action programs will be directed to achieve an efficient use of
water resources to meet the demands of domestic users, industrial and agricultural needs, in
strategic locations prone to water scarcity (BAPPENAS, 2010). The program will strengthen the
control of the utilization of ground water for meeting the water demand, increasing water resource
capacities and increasing the participation of private enterprises in providing fund for water
infrastructure development (conveyance system). It is proposed in the RPJM that climate change
programs for the water sector should include:
vulnerability and climate risk assessment at the regional level (based on Balai Besar Wilayah
Sungai – River Basin Agency);
improvement of the capacity of water catchment areas to retain water;
improvement of water infrastructure to accommodate the variation in water availability under
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climate change scenarios;
increase of water availability in vulnerable areas through the use of best practice technologies
and the improvement of local water resources; and
re-vitalization of local wisdom and increasing the capacity and community participation in climate
change adaptation.
6.2
Site Selection of Initial Pilot Activities
Existing Initiatives in West Java
6.2.1
Baseline investigations undertaken during the inception phase of this project have revealed that there
are already at least 66 on-going and proposed climate change mitigation and adaptation activities
being implemented in the 17 local government regions in West Java. The types of these activities in
the respective regions are provided in Table 6.1. This table is not exhaustive and it is expected that
even more examples from local governments and NGO’s will be found as the project gains
momentum.
6.2.2
Other projects sponsored by the national government line agencies and coordinating agencies are
also considered. For example, in the Climate Change Sector Roadmap, the Ministry of Agriculture
(MoA) will focus its climate change action programs on adaptation for food crops aims at maintaining
national food security, mitigating climate change impacts on agriculture sector through the utilization
and development of environmental friendly technologies and lower GHG emission (BAPPENAS,
2010). In this respect, MoA is already working through District Agriculture Agencies to implement
Climate Field Schools for empowering farmers in managing climate risk.
6.2.3
As it is shown in Table 6.1, the most common categories of project these regions have been
implementing are afforestation/reforestation; water conservation, waste management and renewable
energy. Working in existing natural watercourses is also of considerable interest. It will need to be
examined more closely in this project to ensure that management options are not restricted to hard
engineering - bank reinforcement and channelling.
6.2.4
Besides, the preliminary findings as presented in Table 6.1 suggest that the emphasis on pilot
selection for this project should begin with a review of progress already underway and the most
efficient and effective approach that this project could support, complement and ensure the success
of these existing initiatives.
Table 6.1
Types of On-Going and Proposed Climate Change Related Projects by the Local
Governments West Java Province
Type of climate change
projects/activities
District/City
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total
On-going Projects
System Rice
Intensification, please see
glossary (SRI)
Awareness rising
Rain harvesting
Afforestation/Reforestation
Green school
Water conservation
Waste Management
Renewable Energy
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
2
9
9
5
Proposed Projects
Pollution control to river
Afforestation/Reforestation
Water conservation
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1
1
1
1
1
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1
2
3
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Waste Management
Rain harvesting
Renewable Energy
Lake/river Rehabilitations
or river normalizations
Awareness rising
Community Empowerment
for managing climate risk
Climate Village
Total
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
4
3
4
1
4
4
2
7
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
8
1
1
4
1
3
1
1
5
1
5
7
1
4
4
2
4
2
66
Note: 1: Kab. Purwakarta, 2: Kab. Bandung, 3: Kab. Cimahi, 4: Kab. Sumedang, 5: Kab. Banjar, 6: Kota Bandung, 7: Kota Sukabumi, 8:
Kab. Subang, 9: Kota Bekasi, 10: Kota Bogor, 11: Kota Cimahi, 12: Kab. Sukabumi, 13: Kab. Majalengka, 14: Kab. Ciamis, 15: Kab.
Garut, 16: Kab. Indramayu, 17: Kab. Purwakarta
6.3
Developing Objective Selection Criteria
6.3.1
The selection of the pilot activities should be based on objective criteria. Potential criteria which will
be further examined during implementation of this project include the following:
relevance (strategies with long-term effects; benefits to particularly vulnerable groups;
prevention of irreversible or dramatic changes);
effectiveness (enhancement of resilience or reduction of vulnerability);
economic viability in terms of potential financial support;
feasibility of existing and available technologies;
integration of cross–cutting issues (for example; gender equality, environmental sustainability
and social inclusion);
political and social acceptance;
a participatory approach and community engagement; and
potential for scaling up.
6.3.2
The criteria should be carefully selected and determined without bias to ensure acceptance by
relevant stakeholders and would not favour any vested interests. One approach which is being
considered for implementation in this project is the Delphi method. As an expert elicitation tool, the
Delphi method engages a group of experts in an iterative process, while maintaining their anonymity,
in determining and prioritizing the criteria. Weighting of the criteria can also be obtained through the
process. Evaluation of the potential activities, compiled through the stakeholders’ input, can then be
carried out using the criteria and weight.
6.3.3
Considering that many activities related to climate change adaptation are either being implemented,
or planned, the pilots to be implemented in this project may complement existing activities by adding
new components into existing on-going projects. For example, due to budget limitations, many of
the on-going activities are implemented in fragment. Based on the discussion with local
governments during the inception phase, it is proposed that the pilot activities involving communities
should contribute to at least three components:
institutional strengthening,
strong extension services, and
availability of initial support for inputs and development of additional economic activities.
6.3.4
The central government and many private organizations have created initiatives to develop trust
funds for supporting community based activities in dealing with climate change. A later component
of the project may also include the development of financial institutions at village level that can
support community actions related to climate change.
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6.3.5
During course when baseline analysis was conducted, based on discussion between the local
government representatives and the consulting team, sites have been identified where pilot projects
fulfilling the 3 abovementioned components have been successfully implemented.The consulting
team will examine these pilots in order to identify the success factors thereby to form the basis for
pilot project selection for this project.
6.3.6
Based on the suggestions from public consultation meetings and in consultations with MoE and
BPLHD, a list of potential sites in three clusters (i.e., upper, middle and lower water catchment) for
pilots will be developed. A workshop on “Potential Climate Change Pilots at CRB” will then be
organized. Organizations from the three clusters which are implementing or have implemented
community-based climate change and water management activities will present their initiatives. The
TA will facilitate BPLHD to organize a process of sites selection activities, such as call for pilot
proposals, site visits, proposal evaluation and final selection, or other approaches with the end view
of selecting 3 pilot activities for climate change adaptation and 2 for climate change mitigation.
6.3.7
Refinement of the criteria will establish a basis for application to a second and subsequent round of
projects for approval and funding. Funding for pilot studies under the RCMU 1.1 also provides an
opportunity for Package E to integrate climate change concerns into a wide range of pilots supported
by the ADB Citarum program. This activity would represent a significant step to mainstreaming
climate change projects into the routine BAU of government agencies.
Implementation of Initial Pilot Activities
6.3.8
The Terms of Reference (ToR) for each pilot activity will clearly describe the objectives and expected
outcomes, the specific activities, the stakeholders to be involved, estimated budget, and
implementation timeline of the activity. The process of developing the ToR may include consultation
with additional stakeholders to refine or reframe the policy context or the objectives. Wide
dissemination of the ToR will help ensure the implementation process of the project is open and
transparent.
6.3.9
Following the suggestions from the local governments surveyed, the implementation of pilot activities
will cover the three components as required. The pilot activities will consists of a set of interventions
which include climate change technology intervention (component 1) in the form of field
adaptation/mitigation action activities accompanied by human resource development (component 2)
and institutional development (component 3) as shown in Figure 6.1. The field action activities may
include both adaptation and mitigation actions. For example, the same community may be
introduced to system rice intensification technology to increase water usage efficiency as part of
solutions to water scarcity problem, and mitigation actions such as composting and biogas for energy.
In this context, the field actions would consist of both adaptation and mitigation. Thus, adaptation and
mitigation pilots discussed in section 6.4 and 6.5 could be integrated into one pilot or in the same area.
In other case, some targeted community has implemented both mitigation and adaptation actions, but
supporting programs for human resource and institutional strengthening are weak. In this case,
Package E may support these components. This TA project may develop a coordination system with
other agencies (government, NGOs, business) that may implement related activities on the sites and
synergize various activities (Figure 6.1) in developing the pilots. In this regards, the implementation
of the pilots may be done by the agencies who are already engaged in the sites. The consulting team
will also provide assistance to BPLHD of West Java Province, districts and municipalities to develop
monitoring indicators. The consulting team, in consultation with MoE and BPLHD, will prepare
brochures, documentary films, and implement Round Table Discussions to raise awareness and
disseminate information of the process and lessons learnt in this project. Lessons learnt from the
pilots will be used to develop a strategy for up-scaling and replicating the pilots in other locations and
streamline them to local government climate change program. Package E will also work with local
government to identify the potential source of funding for supporting the programs.
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Figure 6.1
Strategy for Developing and Synergizing Pilots for Climate Change Adaptation
and Mitigation at CRB under Package E of TA 7189-INO
Up-scaling and Financing Pilot Projects
6.3.10 As shown in Figure 6.1, the lessons learnt from the pilots will be used for developing strategies for
up-scaling and replicating the pilots to other locations as part of local government climate change
adaptation and mitigation programs. At the national level, the approach to determine potential funding
for further replication and up-scaling will be aligned with the outputs of the consulting team of
Package A of this TA project, mediated by the project team and implemented in discussions between
the Ministry of Environment and relevant government ministries such as BAPPENAS, Public Works,
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, to ensure they are engaged in the planning system (RPJM and
Spatial Plans and RENSTRA) and the budget planning cycle (MUSREMBANG). This process will be
replicated at the provincial level through BPLHD. The package E team will specifically provide
assistance to BPLHD in exploring public sector donor funding and private-public partnerships.
6.3.11 The package E team will facilitate and provide technical assistance in the preparation of at least two
adaptation project documents by the concerned stakeholders for applying for external funding. In
addition, potential funding mechanisms will be reviewed by the consulting team to identify appropriate
funding windows that may be targeted in the design of adaptation projects. The review will take the
mechanisms under current protocols as well as proposed funding mechanisms for adaptation in a
future climate change management arrangement after 2012 into consideration. Under existing
arrangements, funding mechanisms include those under the UNFCCC adaptation fund and the Kyoto
Protocol and potentially other UN arrangements such as the Convention to Combat Desertification,
the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on the conservation and wise use of
wetlands (RAMSAR). Adaptation funds may also be sourced through multilateral agencies as well as
bilateral sources. The ADB adaptation fund and the ADB Clean Energy Program under the CDM
mechanism would be one of the major potential fund sources for scaling up the adaptation and
mitigation projects in the entire CRB (Srinivasan and Al-Amin 2010).
6.4
The Adaptation Pilots
Background to Adaptation Activities
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6.4.1
The 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC defines adaptation as “the adjustment in natural or
human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates
harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.” Effective adaptation therefore reduces vulnerability or
enhances resilience of the physical, ecological and anthropogenic systems. While there are many
uncertainties concerning present and future adaptation to changing climate, adaptation to climate
change, is in general, a desirable outcome (Adger et al., 2009). Adaptation often promotes economic,
social and environmental benefits that can lead to equitable and sustainable development.
6.4.2
Adaptations include anticipatory and reactive actions and can relate to projected changes in
temperature, current climate variations and extremes that may be altered with climate change.
Some adaptation measures are undertaken by individuals, while other types of adaptation are
planned and implemented by governments, sometimes in anticipation of change but mostly in
response to experienced climatic events, especially extremes. Adaptation can range from a specific
action (e.g., a farmer switching one crop to another that suits better the changed environment) to
systematic change (e.g., diversifying rural livelihoods), to a wider institutional reform (revisiting water
reform and land ownership) (Leary et al., 2007). Viewed from a governance perspective, adaptation
is a multi-scalar process of multi-level governance concerned with interactions of individual and
institutions at various levels in response to changing circumstances (Adger et al., 2009). For
instance, policies shaped by international and national circumstances set objectives to be achieved at
the local and regional levels. On the other hand, interpretation of information and its translation to
decisions and behaviour by individuals and organizations are influenced by social context, individual
characteristics, and direct experiences. In practice, adaptations tend to be on-going processes in
response to a combination of factors or stresses, rather than specific measures to address climate
change alone (Adger et al., 2007).
6.4.3
There are well-established evidence and success stories of human adaptation to climate change over
the course of human history (Pulhin et al. 2008). Adaptation to climate change also exists in
different sectors, such as in water and agriculture, although generally it is limited. Examples of
potential adaptation measures are presented in Table 6.2. Despite successful stories and existing
adaptation measures, many individuals and communities, including those within Indonesia, still
remain vulnerable to climatic risks which are expected to be exacerbated by anticipated climate
change scenarios.
Table 6.2
Sector
Examples of Adaptation Measures in the Water and Agriculture Sectors
Example of Adaptation Measures
Water
Agriculture and food
security
Harvesting groundwater and rainwater
Increasing desalination
Protecting water catchment areas
Improving system of water management
Developing flood controls and drought monitoring
Developing early warning systems
Increase reservoir capacity
Increase flood defence
Catchment source control to reduce peak discharges
Alter system operation rules
Improve forecasting and early warning system
Revise planning or design guidelines
Changing agricultural practices, such as planting and harvesting
times, fertilizer use, pest control, and so on
Improving irrigation techniques
Diversifying crops and income sources
Developing tolerant crop varieties
Improving extension services
Source: ADB (2009) based on Adger et al. (2007)
Objectives of Initial Adaptation Pilot Activities
6.4.4
Three initial pilot activities will be designed and implemented in the water and agriculture sectors.
The design of the pilot activities will emphasize the importance of promoting learning opportunities
among different participating stakeholders to successfully design and implement adaptation
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initiatives, as an important component to achieve the overall goal of promoting sustainable and
integrated management in the CRB. Specifically, the pilot activities aim to:
Serve as institutional learning sites for designing and implementing adaptation interventions to
minimize potential adverse impacts of climate variability and change in the CRB; and
Generate experience and lessons from pilot implementation as basis for scaling up climate
change adaptation in the CRB and, potentially, other watersheds.
Initial Adaptation Pilot Components
6.4.5
The process of determining and implementing pilot activities will be carried out in a transparent and
participatory manner. Potential pilot activities can be identified according to the approach described in
Paragraph 6.3.2. A template will be prepared to guide the agencies to provide essential information
that will be used during the evaluation and selection stages. Proposals will be reviewed in
consideration of their potential to address climate vulnerability and risk in relation to water
conservation, sustainable agriculture and climate proofing of infrastructure and a shortlist of
proposals will be contacted for further detail upon which selection will be made by the Team assisted
by third party experts. Recommendations will then be sent to MoE and BPLHD for consideration and
confirmation.
Water Conservation
6.4.6
Water conservation is the principle that requires the wise use and protection of water resources.
There are various water conservation approaches which will be considered in relation to the design of
the pilots. These approaches cover:
Management of water resources including water quality management, rehabilitation and dam
storage optimisation;
Distribution including pressure management and loss minimisation, metering, preventative
maintenance, infrastructure optimisation, loss minimisation and dual distribution systems; and
User demand management including awareness and education, water entitlements and
licensing and water pricing.
6.4.7
Further investigation and advice from the BPLHD and local governments will be implemented and
collected to determine which of these types of projects will be pursued in this project.
6.4.8
Measures of water conservation for consideration in pilot initiatives will be formulated within the
context of the National Water Resources Policy, National Water Law No.7/2004, Ministerial
Regulations No.22/2009 and will seek harmonisation and complementation with other TA Packages
including the RCMU and the Packages B and C of this TA project.
6.4.9
Prioritisation of the pilot activities will be carried out taking into consideration of the existing initiatives
as identified in Section 6.2 as well as in consultation with relevant agencies
Climate Proofing Water Infrastructure
6.4.10 Water infrastructure is crucial in generating and sustaining economic growth and social well being in
the CRB. As the climate continues to change, the difficulty in meeting the challenge of maintaining a
robust and reliable infrastructure system increases. This will require different stakeholders to work
together and proactively meet the challenge by creating a climate resilient infrastructure system in
CRB in order to reduce the risk of economic disruption and enable the opportunities from
well-adapted infrastructure to be maximised.
6.4.11 Water infrastructure needs to be defined in the context of the CRB. The types of the infrastructure
include drainage systems, surface water management systems, water supply system coastal flood
management and protection systems, dam and reservoirs, inland waterway, port and harbour,
potable and wastewater treatment systems, and others. Critical infrastructure for the pilot initiatives
should be identified by stakeholders by applying a consultative and participatory approach. A few
key questions to be assessed may include:
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What are the technical and operational impacts that may be induced by climate change?
What are the potential adaptation options to address these impacts?
What are the potential barriers to implement these options?
What are the opportunities from adapting these infrastructures?
6.4.12 The pilots in this sector will focus on infrastructure design and will provide a basis for close
harmonisation with other packages of this TA project, especially the RCMU, and Packages A and C,
as well as the implementation projects of the loan program.
6.4.13 There are a number of potential approaches to climate-proof water infrastructure. These include the
structural options such as increasing reservoir capacity, increasing flood defence, catchments source
control to reduce peak discharges, etc, and non-structural options such as alteration of system
operation rules, improvement of forecasting and early warning system, revision of planning or design
guidelines, etc.
Sustainable Agriculture
6.4.14 To achieve sustainable agriculture under changing climates, the strategy for implementing adaptation
programs should be developed with two time horizons. In the short term, programs for adaptation
are directed to improve climate risk management and to increase the welfare of farmers through
optimizing the use of climate information and climate-friendly technology. In the long term,
programs should be directed to increase the resilience of the agriculture system to future climate risks
through the revitalization of long term policies and planning, particularly in land use planning to
ensure the sustainability of ecosystem services, and the climate proofing of agriculture infrastructure
notably irrigation systems and check dams. The consulting team of this package E will work
particularly closely with Package B in relation to spatial planning and land use change in identifying
and prioritizing adaptation pilot project locations.
6.4.15 For the short term, the priority action programs for adaptation as defined in the sector roadmap
include the followings:
increasing the capacity of farmers in using climate information such as the use of climate
forecast information in setting up better cropping strategies and agribusiness activity;
implementing climate adaptive technologies and adaptation measures which also contribute to
the increase of water usage efficiency and GHG emission reduction such as System Rice
Intensification (SRI) and minimum tillage; and
creating more sources of income for communities from mitigation activities such as generating
carbon credit from the use of manure and biomass waste (e.g. biogas for cooking and biomass
energy in rice mills, composting etc).
6.4.16 For the long term, the priority programs will include:
institutionalizing the use of climate information in agriculture management and development;
prioritizing structural intervention programs, where and when a particular intervention will take
place to minimize the impact of increasing climate risks such as rehabilitation and redesigning
irrigation facilities to be climate proof;
expanding agricultural areas to regions with lower climate risks; and
developing and implementing long term research on climate modeling and the vulnerability
impact and adaptation assessment to climate change, and produce tools and guideline for
policy makers and planners in setting up climate proof land use plan and infrastructure, and
climate adaptive technologies.
6.5
The Mitigation Pilots
Background to Mitigation Activities
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6.5.1
Since the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the UNFCCC parties have developed strategies,
policies, and measures to mitigate climate change and reduce GHG emissions, both within and
outside the Kyoto Protocol agreement.
6.5.2
International cooperation is the basis for efforts to combat climate change. The achievement of global
climate change mitigation goals will require significant investment in emissions reduction in
developing countries. International cooperation will be essential in providing the needed finance,
capacity building, technology transfer and development.
6.5.3
UNFCCC Parties has agreed to the Bali Action Plan in December 2007, launching discussions to
2
enhance nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country.
6.5.4
The Kyoto Protocol established the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as a means for
industrialized countries to gain credit for financing emissions reduction projects in developing
countries while delivering sustainable development and technology transfer benefits. This
mechanism has been widely taken up in Indonesia. The Indonesian Designated National Authority
(DNA) has approved 125 CDM projects as of April 2011. The majority of the DNA-approved CDM
projects are concerned with renewable energy projects and waste management projects. The high
rate of development of renewable energy projects especially in electricity generation is due to the
rapidly rising demand of power and the cost of conventional infrastructure and its supply. These
projects are also less complicated in terms of methodology than projects under other sectors.
Determining Priorities for Mitigation Pilot Projects in West Java
6.5.5
According to Indonesia’s Second National Communication (SNC), one of the main sources of GHG
emissions in the country comes from the waste sector. Currently about 161,346,000 t CO2e emission
come from open dumps, landfills, domestic and industrial waste disposal. Methane contributed
approximately 97% of the total emissions. The waste generation is generally related to the population
growth, and the change in lifestyle. By 2020, it is expected that GHG emissions from this sector will
increase to around 250 million tCO2e annually (Table 6.3).
Table 6.3
Projected Trends in GHG Emissions from the Waste Sector under a BAU
Scenario (Gg CO2e)
Scenario Mitigation
2010
2015
2020
Total MSW
19,691
22,198
23,562
Unmanaged Dumpsite
11,289
13,269
14,385
Domestic WWT and
13,568
15,287
16,227
discharge
Industrial WWT and
149,818
199,427
224,4 11
Discharge
Total Emission
194,367
250,231
278,585
Source: Indonesia SNC 2011
6.5.6
When solid waste is disposed of at landfills, anaerobic decomposition of organic matter produces
Landfill Gas (LFG) within a few weeks. The main gas components are 40 – 60% CH4, 25 – 50% CO2,
3 – 15% N2 and 0 – 4% O2 (N2 and O2 from intrusion of atmospheric air into the landfill). LFG also
contains trace amounts of other gasses and is typically saturated with moisture.
6.5.7
There is a potential to reduce emissions from waste by about 30 million tCO2e. Currently, there are
10 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) mitigation projects under the CDM scheme. Methane emissions
reduction projects that are being implemented involve methane capture for electricity generation.
Other CDM mitigation projects in the waste sector focus on Industrial waste water. The gas
containing methane from the anaerobic treatment of waste water (combustible biogas, containing a
mixture of about 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide) is a potential gas for energy generation.
6.5.8
Table 6.4 lists four significant mitigation projects in West Java that are concerned with reducing the
volume and mass of solid waste. In addition to the spatial benefit, reduction in the volume of organic
waste to be disposed of can contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation by reducing the
2
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2007/cop13/eng/06a01.pdf#page=3
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production and release of methane from the final disposal sites, by improving thermal efficiency of the
waste incinerators, and by minimizing the operation of collection vehicles.
Table 6.4
Examples from West Java of Solid Waste Management Prevention Programs
before Final Disposal
Site
Description
Padasuka
Composting and combustion processes in this plant are executed with an
incinerator by PT INVEDCO, a private company that provided Environmental
3
Service of Cimahi City. This facility handle 20 m of refuse per day and 2 tons of
compost is produced per day.
Utama Plant
Utama plant, is an example of solid waste facility, which is managed by local
community group. This plant can serve 1700 households (4.980 persons) with
the capacity of 2.5-3 ton/week. Each week 1-2 ton of organic waste would be
treated and undergoes composting process which would eventually generate
600-700 kg of compost. The remaining waste is burned by a very simple
incinerator.
Leuwigajah RW 8, A solid waste processing plant on smaller scale which consist of composting
Cimahi
facility. This plant can serve 1200 households. The composting process is
relatively simple with application of an open windrow system. Compost produced
is utilized by vegetable farmers in the vicinity of the plant.
Depok
The local government of Depok developed a model, called sipesat to reduce the
total amount of solid waste that is disposed of at the Final Disposal Site (TPA
Cipayung). In principle, sipesat is a communal scale solid waste processing unit.
Sipesat starts with household solid waste collection to a sorting process on a
conveyor table, where plastic and inorganic solid waste, such as iron and glass,
are separated and banded together to sell as recycle material. The remaining
organic waste is then carried to a chopping machine and following by a
composting process. Composting is conducted conventionally with bacteria
addition to accelerate the process from 3 weeks to 2 weeks.
Biogas and MSW Mitigation Pilot Project Activities
6.5.9
This package requires implementation of biogas management and solid waste management. As
indicated in the above discussion, each of these categories is of high priority in reducing emissions in
Indonesia. Mainstreaming and up-scaling of these practices will achieve one of the most significant
outcomes of this project. While it is recognised that there is already much experience in implementing
biogas and solid waste reduction projects, the priority for this package will be to seek those which
elaborate difficult aspects, or explore new technologies or approaches. As deteriorating of water
quality is associated with unsustainable waste management practice in the CRB, the mitigation pilots
also aims to improve the water quality of CRB.
6.5.10 Site selection exercise will be performed after consultation with and collection of recommendations
from the experts outside and inside of the government to identify and investigate potential sites with
sources for biogas and MSW. Existing biogas and MSW plants will also be visited to collect
information on issues related to the implementation of the plants. Sites that will be considered would
be areas where have large potential sources of biogas and MSW with less access to fossil fuel
(thereby to reduce the use of non renewable biomass, such as wood from natural forests).
6.5.11 It is proposed that the work on socializing and designing these pilot projects will commence within the
first year of the project in order to ensure maximum ownership and commitment from government and
stakeholders. The involvement of the stakeholders in the early stage of pilot project design will be
critical to ensuring supporting funds are organized within the APPB routine budget cycle.
6.5.12 This package will also examine the feasibility of the local energy market to use LFG for energy
generation to reduce the use of fossil fuels in generation plants.
6.5.13 A wide range of technologies is available to mitigate GHG emissions from waste. These
technologies include landfill gas recovery (which reduces CH4 emissions), post-consumer recycling
(which reduces waste generation), composting of selected waste fractions (which avoids GHG
generation), and processes that reduce GHG generation induced by landfilling (thermal processes
including incineration and industrial co-combustion). Therefore, the mitigation of GHG emissions
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from waste relies on multiple technologies that their application would depend on local, regional and
national drivers for both waste management and GHG mitigation. To summarize, the methods for
the prevention of methane emissions include:
Composting;
Aeration to avoid methane production;
Bio-digestion with biogas collection and flaring;
Bio-digestion with biogas collection and utilizing the methane gas for heat or electricity;
Incineration of the waste for energy generation; and
Gasification of the waste to produce syngas.
6.5.14 Mitigation may also be achieved through capture & combustion approaches such as LFG recovery.
The natural decay of wastewater, crop waste (such as straw) and animal waste can generate
significant emissions of methane gas that has a global warming potential of 21 times that that of CO2
over 100 years. In order to reduce these emissions, waste can be collected and stored in anaerobic
digesters that could vary in size from large industrial ponds to small tanks suitable for single
households. The wastewater can then be discharged as effluent. The mixture of gases created by
this process can be captured using simple technologies. This captured gas, which is referred to as
‘biogas’, typically has a high methane content and can either be flared, thereby reducing emissions,
or be used as fuel for heating and electricity generation. The consulting team of package E will
explore the possibility and approaches of biogas facility development in selected area which can
reduce the pressure on other nature resources.
Selecting and Designing Mitigation Projects for Verification of Carbon Credits
6.5.15 The key criteria determining whether a project qualifies for emissions reduction credits under the
UNFCCC framework are listed in Table 6.5.
Table 6.5
The Criteria Required to Be Met for a Recognized GHG Mitigation Project
Criteria
Remarks
The project avoids, reduces or At least one of the GHGs is reduced.
abates GHG emissions
The project is additional
A project is additional if it would not have been implemented
without the CDM mechanism, due to financial or technological
barriers. Proving additionality of the project that delivers emissions
reductions that are over and above the baseline scenario is
required. It must show that it is financially unattractive without
CDM revenue or subject to technological barriers.
The
project
supports The project must meet sustainable development criteria set by
sustainable development
Ministry of Environment; which include the social criteria, economic
criteria and environmental criteria.
The project uses a specific The project activity as a whole and the calculation of emissions
methodology
reductions of a CDM project must refer to the methodology
approved by UNFCCC.
The
project
results
in It is necessary to establish the quantity of emissions reductions in
measurable
emissions tCO2e per year that the project produces
reductions
6.5.16 The UNFCCC has accepted specific methodologies which a project needs to fulfil in to be accepted
as CDM project. There is also a differentiation between small and large scale projects. Table 6.6 lists
the specific methodologies that are applicable to a small scale solid waste management project. It
should be noted that the UNFCCC methodology panel regularly update methodologies to newer
version which become mandatory for not registered projects at that time.Once the recovered
methane gas is utilized for heat or electricity, there are additional methodologies which need to be
complied with in combination with the methodologies in Table 6.6. In addition there is a number of
tools and other regulations which should be applied and complied with.
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Table 6.6
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Relationship between Waste Management Project Objectives and UNFCC
Methodologies for the Solid Waste Sector
Typical Project (s)
Methane production from wastes that would have been
left to decay or are already deposited in a waste disposal
site are prevented through controlled combustion; or
gasification to produce syngas/producer gas; or
mechanical/thermal treatment to produce refuse-derived
fuel (RDF) or stabilized biomass (SB).
Controlled biological treatment of biomass or other
organic matter is introduced through one or a combination
of the following measures: aerobic treatment by
composting and proper soil application of the compost;
anaerobic digestion in closed reactors equipped with
biogas recovery and combustion/flaring system.
Capture and combustion of methane from landfills from
human activities including municipal, industrial and other
solid wastes containing biodegradable organic matter.
Avoidance of the production of methane from organic
matter that would have otherwise been left to decay under
anaerobic conditions in a solid waste disposal site without
methane recovery. Due to the project, decay is prevented
through controlled pyrolysis.
Avoidance of methane emissions from MSW that is
already deposited in a closed solid waste disposal site
(SWDS) without methane recovery. Due to the project,
non-inert material will be composed through pre-aeration,
excavation and separation of the MSW in the closed
SWDS, so that methane emissions will be avoided.
HDPE and LDPE plastic materials are recycled from
municipal solid wastes (MSW) in a cycling facility and
afterwards processed into intermediate or finished
products (e.g. plastic pellets, plastic bags).
CDM Methodology
AMS-III.E. Avoidance of
methane production from decay
of biomass through controlled
combustion, gasification or
mechanical/thermal treatment.
AMS-III.F. Avoidance of
methane emissions through
controlled biological treatment of
biomass.
AMS-III.G. Landfill methane
recovery.
AMS-III.L. Avoidance of
methane production from
biomass decay through
controlled pyrolysis.
AMS-III.AF. Avoidance of
methane emissions through
excavating and composting of
partially decayed municipal solid
waste (MSW).
AMS-III.AJ. Recovery and
recycling of materials from solid
wastes.
6.5.17 Nevertheless, some projects in Indonesia have not sought UNFCCC compliance and are directed at
the voluntary carbon market, which is a much smaller market despite of it is easier to access and
favours projects derived from CSR and other sources of funding. Table 6.7 describes some of the
representative examples of these projects in Indonesia.
Table 6.7
Waste Management Projects in Indonesia Focused on the Voluntary Carbon
Market
Project
Description
Bali-Biogas
This project is a non-CDM project or a voluntary market project. The project
program
involves an installation of 3000 units of household scale biodigesters. The
digesters are fed by cattle manure. This project aims to provide additional
income through the selling of sludge as a fertilizer. It is developed by PT.Mulya
Tiara Nusa which acts as the provider of the biodigester. This project is expected
to generate an annual emission reduction of about 10,000 Verified Emission
Reductions (VER).
Mobuya Mini Hydro The project activity involves the installation of three 1000 kW hydropower plants in
Power Plant
North Sulawesi. The project is now under the validation process and expected to
generate about 12,250 of VERs per year.
Gianyar Waste
The project involves the conversion of about 50 to 100 tonnes of waste into
Recovery Project
compost by the application of aeration process. The project is expected to
reduce GHG emissions of around 7,000 tonnes of carbon annually.
6.5.18 Typical types of projects in the agricultural and energy sectors that are concerned with mitigation
under the UNFCCC rules are shown in Table 6.8
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Table 6.8
Sector
Agriculture
Mitigation Projects Typical of the Agriculture and Energy Sectors
Project Type
Soil conservation measures
Cropland and grazing management
Fertilizer switch or management reducing N2O emissions
Biodigestion and methane based projects
Livestock management
Energy – relevant project in the
Biofuel or bioenergy and fuel switching
rural and agricultural areas
Hydro project (related to forestry or watershed protection)
Energy efficiency
6.5.19 Optimally, mitigation projects under the UNFCCC protocols should deliver results at the regional,
national and global levels and contribute to the improvement of local development. Proposed
projects promote technically and economically feasible mitigation practices that have co-benefits for
vulnerable groups (rural livelihoods and marginalized groups).
CDM Programmes of Activities (PoAs)
6.5.20 Pilot projects could be qualified as a CDM project and receive emission reduction credits if they meet
the criteria set out under the UNFCCC framework. These projects could be single CDM project or
those under Programmes of Activities (PoA). Selection of single CDM project or PoA would be
based on consultation with the MoE and other relevant stakeholders.
6.5.21 In essence, a CDM PoA, or Programmatic CDM, is an umbrella project for the implementation of
numerous, widespread CDM project activities of the same type, referred to as CDM Programme
Activities (CPAs), under a programme initiated by a private or public sector entity. As for CDM project,
CPAs must result in additional emissions reductions. The PoA is registered with the CDM Executive
Board in the same way that a “traditional” CDM project is registered, and CPAs can be added to the
registered PoA as they are implemented.
6.5.22 The novelty of this approach and its perceived advantage compared with traditional CDM project
activities is that emission reducing activities that may not have been feasible under the traditional
CDM system due to their small size can be grouped into one single PoA. This can reduce the
implementation time and the development costs involved.
6.5.23 Particular attention will be paid on the project options. In the case that a PoA approach appears to
be feasible and meet the objectives of this package, a workshop will be conducted to invite parties
which are interested in developing this type of project to attend in order to share experience and
disseminate information.
6.5.24 The design of the CDM projects will require stakeholder consultation and training on CDM. The
importance of the support by the Indonesia Designated National Authority (DNA) on UNFCCC
registration will be one of the aspects emphasized in the training.
Transaction CER and CDM Process
6.5.25 For a carbon credit (CER), a contract termed an Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA)
is needed. This stipulates the conditions under which the credits under the CDM scheme will be
sold and the selling price of each credit. Such a contract should be put in place as early as possible
during the project cycle once the project is decided to implement. Similar approaches apply to the
voluntary market. For Voluntary Emission Reduction, the contract is referred to as a Verified
Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement (VERPA).
6.5.26 The VERPA between a buyer and a seller of carbon credits can be structured in many different ways
such as:
A spot transaction;
A forward sale, or
An option.
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6.5.27 The forward sale transaction involves a defined quantity of CER (either in fixed amounts or
percentages of the total CER generated by the project) to be sold at defined future delivery dates for
a specified price (fixed or linked to a reference price). CER prices range in order from the lowest to
highest prices depending on the following conditions:
no delivery guarantee of a flexible (non-firm) volume of carbon credits from seller but with buyer
guarantees under very few preconditions;
buyer guarantees to buy only under a number of preconditions;
any guarantees to deliver a definite (firm) volume, buyer guarantees to buy under the same
preconditions; and
any agreement to ensure the payment for substitute carbon credits.
The current CER price (as of March 2011) is 13.03 Euro/tCO2e.
Financing GHG Mitigation Projects
6.5.28 The implementation of a carbon emission reduction project has a distinct supply chain involved in
producing the carbon credit, trading and distributing income to those responsible parties for
contributing the reductions. There is an on-going discussion in Indonesia on the best management
approach in a national and a sub-national context. BAPPENAS has provided a schema which is a
useful framework for considering this process and this is shown in Figure 6.2.
Figure 6.2
Financial Mechanism for the Implementation of Climate Change Program in
Indonesia
Source: Bappenas, 2008
Sources
Bilateral
Japan
(BIC
&
JICA)
UK (DFID)
Australia (AusAID)
Denmark (DANDA)
Netherlands
German (KfW &
GIZ)
Norway
Canada (CIDA)
Sweden (SIDA)
Etc.
Multilateral
World bank
UNDP
Etc
CDM:
Bilateral,
Multilateral
Unilateral
Global
Financing
Mechanism
1. ODA Rules and
regulation
-Bilateral
Multilateral
2. UNFCCC
Financing
Mechanism
- GEF
- SSCF
- Adaptation fund
3. Others
- Strategies
prioritized on
Adaptation (SPA)
- Resource
Allocation (RAF)
GOI Mechanism
1. Grant
2. Loan
- Sector/Project
Loan
- Program Loan
3. CC (Local) Trust
Fund
4. Debt for Nature
Swap (DNS)
and
6.5.29 The sale of a CER can provide additional cash flow for GHG mitigation projects, but it is not designed
to finance projects in their entirety. It is therefore crucial that sufficient underlying financing source
exists for project implementation and maintenance in the long term. There are a number of options
for financing CDM and voluntary projects which are presented in Table 6.9 and Table 6.10.
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Table 6.9
Project
Phase
Planning
phase
Construction
phase
Financial Distribution for Registering a GHG Mitigation Project under a CDM
Scheme
Level of
Remarks
Financing by
financing
Crucial
Cost related to
Private sector project developer
registering a GHG
Project host: public or Internal fund
mitigation project is a
of private sector entities
high risk investment.
Financed by risk capital either from
equity or grant
Higher than Lender requires secure
Banks or private institutions
revenue streams
Planning
Own equity Private project
Phase
developer
Project host
Equipment supplier, assests on
Lease or credit
CER buyer (as upfront payment)
Table 6.10
Various Models for Financing GHG Mitigation Projects
Financing structure
Remarks
100% equity investment by a private sector
mitigation project developer
Corporate financing by the project host
Equipment lease financing
Upfront payments
Low-interest loans or debt
Micro-credit (by Micro Finance Institution)
Suitable scheme in rural areas.
Applicable to small-scale projects involving
end-users purchasing technology (solar water
heaters, biodigesters, cookstoves)
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7
MAIN OUTPUTS, WORK PLAN AND BUDGET IMPLICATIONS
7.1
Project Office and Counterpart Arrangements
7.1.1
Packet E is based in an office in the Ministry of Environment in Kebon Nanas, East Jakarta. This
strategic location which is provided through counterpart is close to the toll routes to both the south
and east of Jakarta. The location makes major centres of activity such as Bandung and Bogor
readily accessible.
7.1.2
The office is the coordinating centre for the project. Apart from key equipments and its own telephone
and internet connection, it is staffed on a daily basis by the Deputy Team Leader and Project
Coordinator and an office administrative assistant.
7.1.3
In the second year of the Project when the emphasis will shift towards the implementation of
mitigation and adaptation pilots, further attention will be given to the management of day to day
interactions between the consulting team and the province counterpart agency BPLHD, and also
district government offices including but not restricted to the local government environment agencies.
7.2
The Work Plan and Analysis of Outputs, Tasks and Activities
7.2.1
The Analysis of Work Plan Outputs, Tasks and Activities are provided in Annex 2. The Work Plan
and scheduling of Tasks and Activities is presented in Annex 3.
7.2.2
The Project document of package E requires the delivery of 6 Outputs achieved through two phases
(Table 7.1). In phase 1, action plans will be prepared for mainstreaming climate change
concerns into Citarum water resource management (months 1-12). In phase 2, climate change
mitigation and adaptation pilot activities will be designed and implemented (months 13-30). Although
Phase 1 is envisaged to be largely completed in the first 12 months, the preparation for the pilot
demonstration activities, including their socialisation with stakeholders is supposed to be completed
th
by the end of the 10 month of implementation (November 2011). This suggests that the
implementation of the phases should be understood less as a time sequence and more as a
separation between data analysis and concept development and field implementation.
Table 7.1
Definition of Project Outputs
Outputs
Description
1.
Working Paper on climate change adaptation and mitigation assessments in the
CRB
2.
Operational Guidelines for mainstreaming climate change concerns in IWRM: (1)
integration into water resources planning; and (2) climate proofing infrastructure
investments
3.
Working Paper: Strategic framework for enhancing water management systems
in the CRB
4.
CRB-specific action plans for climate change mitigation and adaptation and
capacity building
5.
Climate change pilot activities
6.
Strategic finance planning and access to international funding
7.2.3
th
The Tasks and Activities were derived in two team workshops. The first, held between the 7 and
9th of March 2011, produced a scheme which was subsequently modified on the basis of feedback
collected in the Inception Workshops on the 20th and 21st of April. Tasks were identified initially by
reference to the detailed TOR provided by ADB, complemented by the AECOM Technical Proposal
and then further considered in terms of a logical sequence of steps needed to collect, analyse and
disseminate information in the form required for each OUTPUT. The relationships between the
OUTPUTS and the TASKS are shown schematically in Figure 7.1 and detailed in the following
sections.
Figure 7.1
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1. Climate Change Adaptation
and Mitigation Assessments
(Task 1, Task 2, Task 3, Task 4)
2. Two Operational Guidelines)
(Task 6, Task 7)
3.
Framework for
enhancing water
management systems
(Task 8, Task 9, Task 10)
Task 12. Training on CC Mitigation
and Adaptation (Task 12)
5.
Climate Changes Pilots,
Communication and
awareness rising
Tasks 15, 16, 17, & 18
Task 13. Development of CC
Action Plan
4. Specific CC Action Plan and Capacity Development
Developmentof
of project
project documents
documents for
6.6. Development
for
externalfunding
funding (Task
Task 19,
external
1920– and
24) 21)
OUTPUT 1: Working Paper on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Assessments in the
CRB
7.2.4
This document is of fundamental importance to everything which will follow. Four Tasks for this
output have been identified which are detailed in Box 7.1; with the exception of the consultative
meetings, these tasks will be largely completed by the end of month 9 (October 2011). The localised
climate modelling is also expected to be delayed for 2-3 months which is expected be finished by the
end of December, 2011. The most significant change to note is the proposal to push back the
delivery of the final draft of the Working Paper 1 (on climate change adaptation and mitigation
assessments in the CRB) to the end of April 2012. The reason for pushing back the delivery date is
to allow more time to be spent on writing the document and less refining it through consultation and
socialisation to be led by the Community Empowerment Specialist. As in other areas of the project
this proposal will optimise the process of mainstreaming climate change concerns by giving sufficient
time to explore the necessary individual and institutional behavioural and administrative changes that
will underpin effective incorporation of these new ideas and challenges. The proposed timing has
also been chosen to fit within the annual government work planning and budgeting cycle.
Box 7.1
Tasks and Activities Involved in Producing Output 1
Task 1: Data Review and Baseline Analysis
1. Collect and review available data (Mid May2011);
2. Data warehouse (Proposal defining resources needed for developing the warehouse to be submitted to
MoE and proposed to ADB through AECOM as a response to ADB’s Proposal on the database
development for this package by end of May 2011. CCROM will develop and take care of the system to be
handed over to IA at the end of the project);
3. Consultation with other packages and relevant stakeholders related to the issues (end of September 2011):
o
Spatial Plan (B2);
o
Climate modelling;
o
Infrastructure water (Package C and BBWS Citarum);
o
Other initiatives (BP DAS, BKSDA, Perhutani, IP/PLN, Geothermal, NGOs);
o
Policy review, Institution and climate change program. These will take place separately in the upper,
middle and lower river tracts and their watersheds because it is expected that issues of water
management will be different depending on the hydrological conditions in each. Stakeholders will
include 1 city and one District government as well as well as Ministries of Home Affairs, BAPPENAS,
BBWS, PJT-II, and the TKPSDA – Coordination Team for water resource management;
4. Community empowerment and communication (Ministry of Agriculture on Climate Field School, Badan
Ketahanan Pangan, Dinas Pertanian, Dinas Kehutanan etc and related stakeholders in the three clusters);
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5.
Working reports related to the above issues (December 12, 2011).
Task 2: Develop Common Understanding Among Stakeholders on Climate Change Impact on Water
Management at CRB and Long Term Development
1. Developing common understanding among stakeholders about current and future climate risk, Climate
Proof Infrastructure and implication on watershed management and development of long-term development
plan through 3 Public Consultation Forums (termed here RTD) and one workshop (May and July, 2011):
o
RTD-1 for Developing common understanding among stakeholders (NGOs, Local Governments,
Privates) (May 23, 2011);
o
RTD-2 for Current and Planning Community based initiatives for adaptation and mitigation activities
(July 4, 2011);
o
RTD-3 for adaptation and mitigation initiatives by local governments (July 14, 2011);
o
Workshop 1 on ‘Climate Risk at CRB: To bring all stakeholders from the three clusters to develop
potential integrated program for improving management of CRB in the context climate change
(January 9, 2012);
2. Working Reports related to the point 1 of task 2 (February 16, 2012).
Task 3: Assessment of Current Vulnerabilities of Human Communities to Climate Change
st
1. Technical Guideline for vulnerability assessment (1 Draft – end of August 2011; Final Draft – end of
September 2011);
2. Training 1 on the development of Vulnerability Assessment on Climate Change methodology (October
18-19, 2011);
3. Refining methodology for the vulnerability assessment (mid October 2011);
4. Training 2: Testing the methodology on the vulnerability assessment for local stakeholders (October 27-28,
2011);
5. Survey: Implementation of vulnerability assessment with local partners with resource from TA-ADB
(November 14, 2011 – December 1, 2011);
6. Analysis of data for vulnerability assessment ( December 2, 2011 - December 22, 2011);
7. Policy Brief 1 on current vulnerability of community to climate impact (January 5, 2012);
8. Technical Report-1 on ‘Current Vulnerability Assessment at CRB (January 26, 2011 – February 28, 2012).
Task 4: Assessment of Current and Future Climate Risk on Ecosystem
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Data preparation for modelling analysis (May-July 2011);
Development of Methodology (January – May, 2011):
o
Methods for current and future climate risk assessment;
o
Methods for climate modelling/Climate projection Scenarios, including data requirements Methods for
developing Land Use change scenarios;
o
Methods for hydrology simulation (model building, soil data input, climate data input, Land cover data
input, reservoir regulations/operations);
o
Methods for defining climate proofing Infrastructure;
Consultation on the methodology with other Packages A, B, C and D and relevant stakeholders through two
RTD (one with package and one with related government agencies): The main objective is to develop
common understanding among the packages and other stakeholders on the concept and methodology of
current and future climate risk assessment and get inputs for the development of climate change scenarios,
land use scenarios, climate proofing infrastructure and create synergy with other packages including
expected supports (September 26, 2011 – November 16, 2011);
Implementation of climate risk assessment (August 15, 2011-December 13, 2012):
o
Identification data gaps;
o
Collecting and generating data for filling the gaps;
o
Developing climate change and land use scenarios;
Policy Brief 2 on Assessment of current and future climate risk;
Technical Report-2 on ‘Assessment of current and future climate risk’ (December 30, 2011);
National Workshop 1 on Current and Future Climate Risk on WRM at CRB (January 29, 2012).
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OUTPUT 2: Operational Guidelines for Mainstreaming Climate Change Concerns in IWRM: (1)
Integration into Water Resources Planning; and (2) Climate Proofing Infrastructure
Investments
7.2.5
This output is concerned with the production of guidelines for the government. The first guideline is
concerned with the integration of mitigation and adaptation concerns into water resources planning;
the second is concerned with current and future climate-proofing investments. These two Tasks and
their associated Activities are detailed in Box 7.2 and will be completed in mid 2012.
Box 7.2
Task 6: Operational Guideline for Integrating Climate Change Concerns in Water Resources Planning for
the CRB (November 2011 – July 2012)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Draft operational guideline on the use of the results of climate risk assessment (based on output 1) for
mainstreaming climate change concerns in water resources planning for the CRB;
Consultation with local governments to refine the guideline and approach for mainstreaming climate change
concerns in water resources planning for the CRB;
RTD 4 on ‘Operational guideline on the use of the results of climate risk assessment for mainstreaming
climate change concerns in water resources planning for the CRB;
Facilitate the process and assist the local government for integrating climate change concern particularly in
water resources planning (e.g. meeting with local parliament member, particularly with Commission 3);
Document the process implemented by the local governments in mainstreaming climate change concerns in
water resources planning for the CRB;
Operational Guideline 1 on Integrating climate change concerns in water resources planning for the CRB.
Task 7: Operational Guideline for Climate-Proofing Water Infrastructure Investments for the CRB
(January-June 2012)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Preparing draft of operational guideline on the use of the results of climate risk assessment (based on
output 1) for developing climate-proofing water infrastructure;
Consultation with DGWR, Pusair and relevant stakeholders to refine the guideline;
RTD 5 on Operational guideline on climate-proofing water infrastructure;
Operational guideline 2 on climate-proofing water infrastructure investment; and
Working Report based on feedback from DGWR on the use of the Guideline.
OUTPUT 3: Working Paper on Strategic Framework for Enhancing Water Management
Systems in the CRB
7.2.6
This Output is to be accomplished through 5 tasks to be completed by the middle of July 2012 and will
include the development of a communications and outreach strategy. The tasks and their
associated activities are detailed in Box 7.3
Box 7.3
Task 8: Define Appropriate Institution Arrangement for Enhancing Water Management Systems in CRB
(Mid of April 2012)
1.
2.
3.
Develop institutional framework for improving WRM in CRB based on result of Task 1 and Task 2 (e.g.
clearing house and role of Provincial and District and Municipal BLHD in coordinating activities in sub-sub
catchment);
Conduct RTDs 6, 7 and 8 to define appropriate institution arrangement for enhancing water management
systems in CRB;
Draft Technical Report 3 on Institutional arrangement for enhancing water management systems in CRB.
Task 9: Develop Strategy and Key Programs for Improving Watershed Management in CRB.
1.
2.
3.
RTD 9 with related stakeholders for defining broad strategy and identifying key climate change programs in
the upper water-catchment (e.g. PDAM, LP3ES, Indonesian Power/LPPM IPB);
RTD 10 with related stakeholders for defining broad strategy and identifying key climate change programs
in the middle water-catchment;
RTD 11 with related stakeholders for defining broad strategy and identifying key climate change programs
in the lower water-catchment;
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4.
Draft Technical Report 4 on strategy and key programs for adaptation and mitigation in the upper, middle
and lower tracts of the water catchment.
Task 10: Develop Strategic Approach for Community Empowerment and Communication Outreach
(including civil servant, legislator, media and community).
1.
2.
3.
4.
Conduct RTDs with stakeholders in the three cluster (joint discussion in the RTDs 9, 10 and 11) to identify
strategic approach for community empowerment and communication outreach;
Developing working report on strategic approach for community empowerment and public outreach;
Consultation with related agencies at National, Provincial and Local Levels on approaches for implementing
effective community empowerment programs and public outreach;
Produce Draft of Technical Report 5 on strategic approach for community empowerment and public
outreach.
Task 11: Produce Working Paper 2 on the ‘Strategic Framework for Enhancing Water Management
Systems in CRB’ Based on the Result of Tasks 8, 9 and 10.
Task 12: Conduct Workshop 2 on ‘Strategic Framework Enhancing Water Management Systems in CRB’
for Inputs from Broader Stakeholders and Finalizing the Working Paper 2.
OUTPUT 4: CRB-specific Action Plans for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation and
Capacity Building
7.2.7
This output is concerned with the development of action plans for capacity building in relation to
mitigation and adaptation in response to climate change. As shown in Box 7.4, four tasks have
been identified for what are proposed to be a process of facilitation by this project of individual action
plans by concerned stakeholders (government and non-government). The tasks leading to the
completion of this OUTPUT will take place between January 2012 and September 2012. Expertise
within the Project Team will be used to develop action plan training modules drawing upon similar
international experience in South East Asia which will be used in running training workshops. The
object of which will be draft Action Plans appropriate to individual stakeholders within the CRB region.
The project will follow up these workshops with facilitation and support and will then revise and
enhance the training modules for up-scaling and replication of pilots.
Box 7.4
Task 12: Conduct Training 3 on ‘Mitigation and Adaptation on Climate Change’ for local governments
and other related stakeholders (January 30, 2012 – April 20, 2012)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Conduct RTD 12 with MoE and BLHD to discuss training curriculum, scope of training and methods;
Develop manuals and training modules on climate change mitigations and adaptation (All consultant team);
Implement training 3 ‘Mitigation and Adaptation and Development of Climate Change Action Plan)’ for
representatives from local government, NGOs and Private in the three clusters (upper, middle and lower
water catchments);
Facilitate participants from the three clusters to develop draft of climate change action plans for Enhancing
Water Resource Management at CRB taking into account the results of Tasks 8, 9 and 10.
Task 13. Conduct Workshop 3 on ‘Climate Change Action Plans for Enhancing Water Resource
Management at CRB’ (August 2012)
1.
2.
3.
Facilitate and assist BLHD to conduct coordination meetings with the local governments and other
stakeholders from the three clusters to refine the climate change action plans resulted in activity 4 of Task
12;
Facilitate and assist BLHD to socialize the climate change action plan to parliament members;
Conduct workshop 3 on climate change action plans for enhancing water resource management at CRB (
August 2012).
Task 14: Produce Working Paper 3 to Document the Process of the Development of Climate Change
Action Plan in the Three CRB Regional Clusters .
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OUTPUT 5: Climate Change Pilot Activities
7.2.8
This output is concerned with selecting, designing and delivering of two mitigation and three
adaptation pilot activities. The pilot activities are among the most important activities of this project
and preparatory planning has begun in the inception phase so that field implementation can
commence in late March 2012. As shown in Box 7.5, because of the level of interest and the
numbers of projects in both the mitigation and adaptation area that are in various stages of
development, it is proposed that guidance should be sought on the selection of the five projects to be
supported under this project. The process of selection design and implementation will be
accompanied by a separate activity which will develop a framework for the objective selection and
prioritisation of subsequent field projects that may be funded from alternative sources.
Box 7.5
Task 15: Developing Criteria for Site Selection for Pilots (November 10, 2011)
1.
2.
3.
Consultation with related stakeholders from the three clusters and use inputs to elaborate key criteria for
site selection for pilots;
RTD 13 with BLHD and related stakeholders for refining criteria for site selection for pilots; and
Produce working report on key criteria for site selection.
Task 16: Select Sites for Pilots (September 2011 – February 2012)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Based on inputs gained from the RTDs 9, 10 and 11, in consultation with MoE and BPLHD Province
develop list of potential sites in the upper, middle and lower water catchment for pilots;
Conduct Workshop 4 on ‘Potential Climate Change Pilots at CRB by inviting organizations from the three
clusters who have community-based activities related to climate change and water management and to
present their initiatives;
Facilitate and assist BLHD to organize process of selecting sites (e.g. call for proposal etc.) for pilots (3 for
adaptations and 2 for mitigations);
Facilitate and assist BLHD to do ‘Pilots Proposal Evaluation and Selection’ including site visit to potential
sites for pilot; and
Conduct RTD with BLHD.
Task 17: Implement Pilots (End of February 2012- March 2013)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Facilitate and assist BLHD of West Java Province, Districts and Municipal to develop indicators to be used
for monitoring and evaluation of the pilots;
Distribution of grants to organizations who have been selected to implement pilots;
Implementation of pilots by the selected organizations;
Facilitate and assist District or Municipal BLHDs to coordinate and to develop synergy of community
empowerment programs from SKPD with the pilots;
Conduct monitoring and evaluations; and
Develop working report to document lesson learnt from the pilots.
Task 18: Communication & Awareness Raising
1.
2.
3.
RTD 14 with MoE and BLHD to discuss activities under TA ADB for developing communication media to
create awareness of stakeholders related to CRB management taking outputs from Tasks 10 and 13;
Develop communication instruments (e.g. brochures, leaflet, documenter films, talk show, field day etc) for
awareness rising and for disseminating the process and lesson learnt from the pilots; and
Working Report to document lesson learnt from communication & awareness rising activities.
OUTPUT 6: Strategic Finance Planning and Access to International Funding
7.2.9
This Output is concerned with providing the skills necessary for government and other stakeholders
to seek funding for up-scaling mitigation and adaptation projects and to identify strategic priorities for
upgrading and adding water resource management infrastructure in response to the challenges of
predicted climate change impacts. Five tasks have been identified to achieve this output and these
are detailed in Box 7.6. They are scheduled for implementation between July 2012 and the end of
May 2013.
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Box 7.6
Tasks and Activities involved in producing Output 6
Task 19: Workshop-5 on Funding Opportunities for Climate Change project
1.
2.
3.
RTD 15 with MoE & BPLHD to develop agenda for the workshop;
Facilitate and assist BPLHD to organize the Workshop;
Conduct the workshop.
Task 20: Conduct Training 4 on ‘Project Proposal Development’
1.
2.
3.
Training curriculum & modules developed;
RTD 16 with KLH & BPLHD to discuss potential participants for the training (the potential participants are
organizations/institutions that have potential projects and this can be taken from the Workshop-4);
Conduct the Training 4 by BPLHD.
Task 21: Develop Project Proposals for External Funding
1.
2.
Facilitate and assist the stakeholders interested in developing project proposals to further develop their
concept;
Assist MOE & BPLHD in facilitating the stakeholder to get external funding for the project proposals.
Task 22: Produce Working Report to Document the Process
Task 23: Final National Workshop
Knowledge Products and Project Deliverables
7.2.10 A list of knowledge products and project deliverables will be produced and disseminated to the
government and target stakeholders. Table 7.2 shows the list of knowledge products and the
estimated completion date.
Table 7.2
List of Knowledge Products / Project Deliverables and Estimated Completion
Date
Reports / Guidelines
Estimated
Completion Date
Working Report 1: Data Review and Baseline Analysis
12/12/2011
Working Report 2: Developing common understanding among stakeholders
2/16/2012
Training 1 Report: Development of technical guideline for vulnerability assessment
Technical Guideline 1: methodology for the vulnerability assessment
10/20/2011 10/28/2011
10/27/2011
Training 2 Report: Testing the methodology on the vulnerability assessment for
local stakeholders
10/31/201111/8/2011
Policy Brief 1 on current vulnerability of community to climate impact
1/5/2012
Technical Report-1 on ‘Current Vulnerability Assessment at CRB'
Working Report 3: Assessment of current and future climate risk on ecosystem
1/26/2012 2/29/2012
11/16/2011
Policy Brief 2 on Assessment of current and future climate risk
11/13/2011
Technical Report-2 on Assessment of current and future climate risk
12/30/2011
National Workshop 1 Report on Current and Future Climate Risk on WRM at CRB
1/29/2012
Working Paper 1 on Working Paper on CCAM Assessments in CRB
4/22/2012
Working Report 4 on Operational guideline on the use of the results of climate risk
assessment
4/22/2012
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Working Report 5 for Integrating climate change concerns in water resources
planning for the CRB
Operational Guideline 1 on Integrating climate change concerns
6/18/2012
Operational Guideline 2 on climate-proofing water infrastructure investment
5/4/2012
Working Report 6 on Defining appropriate institution arrangement for enhancing
water management systems in CRB
Technical Report 3 on Institutional arrangement
3/19/2012
Working Report 7 on Developing Strategy and key programs for improving
watershed management in CRB
Technical Report 4 on Strategy and key programs for adaptation and mitigation in
three cluster U/S, M/S, D/S
Working Report 8 on strategic approach for community empowerment and public
outreach
Technical Report 5 on strategic approach for community empowerment and public
outreach
Working Paper 2 on the strategic framework
6/8/2012
Working paper 3 on training curriculum, scope of training and methods
2/17/2012
Training 3 manuals and training modules on climate change mitigations and
adaptation
8/15/2011
Training 3 Report on Mitigation and Adaptation and Development of Climate
Change Action Plan for representatives from local government, NGOs and Private
in the three clusters (upper, middle and lower water catchments)
National workshop 3 on climate change action plans for enhancing water resource
management at CRB
3/12/2012
Working Paper 4 to document the process of the development of CC action plan in
the 3 clusters
Working Report 9 on key criteria for site selection
9/10/2012
Workshop 4 Report on list of potential sites in the U/S, M/S, D/S for pilots
12/19/2011
Working Report 10 on Proposal Evaluation and Selection including site visit to
potential sites for pilot
Working Report 11 to document lesson learnt from the pilots
2/20/2012
Working Report 12 to document lesson learnt from communication & awareness
rising activities
Working Report 13 on funding opportunities for CC project
2/18/2013
Workshop 5 Report on funding opportunities for CC project
1/21/2013
Training 4 Manual on ‘Project Proposal Development’
2/4/2013
Training 4 Report on ‘Project Proposal Development’
3/11/2013
Project Documents on project proposals for external funding
3/25/2013
Working Report 14 for accessing international supports
4/15/2013
Mid-Term National Workshop Report
4/22/2012
Final National Workshop 5 Report
5/7/2013
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7/2/2012
4/16/2012
7/6/2012
6/4/2012
6/25/2012
6/28/2012
8/31/2012
11/7/2011
2/11/2013
2/25/2013
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7.3
Specialist Staff and Allocation of Tasks
7.3.1
The Project is to be implemented by a consulting team which comprises 4 international specialists
and 6 national specialists, which a time input of 120 person months. With the exception of the
Deputy Team Leader and Water Specialist, all the staff will fulfil their roles on a fractional basis
ranging from as little as 5 months to 15 months out of the 30 months project period. Four of the
team members, including the Team Leader and Climate Change Specialist, are international
appointments while the remainder has been recruited from West Java. Five of the national team
members are from the Centre for Climate Risk Management at the Bogor Agriculture University
(CCROM-IPB), while one of them has been seconded from the Indonesian Government Technology
Research Organisation (BPPT). Despite the varying lengths of time input requirements of the
individual team member, half of them are in daily contact with the University, adding a strong
dimension to the team.
7.3.2
Time management, staff coordination and communication are critical to successful implementation of
the project. Since only the Deputy Team Leader is full time, the organizational structure of the
project also places a strong requirement on government counterpart staff to be pro-actively involved
in the implementation of the Project Tasks. Since the contribution of GOI to the project budget is
limited to in kind contributions, attention needs to be given to how the time allocations of counterpart
staff to the project can be managed. The situation and level of support being provided by the
Ministry of Environment is appreciated, however the allocation of particular counterpart staff from
other national partner agencies, the province and from district will require a process of joint work
planning and budget allocation from non-project sources if the level of consistent commitment and
support are to be achieved.
7.3.3
A solution to what is a long standing issue of relationship between government routine and project
activities will need to be addressed as a part of the process of achieving the mainstreaming of climate
change issues.
7.3.4
The percentages of time allocation by each specialist for each project outputs are provided in Table
7.3.
Table 7.3
OUTPUT
Percentage of Time Each Specialist is Allocating to Project Outputs
The Different Coloured Columns Represent Where There Are Particular Areas of
Linkage Between the Specialist to Form Loose Sub Teams
12
15 30 8
5
12
5
9
12
12
JD
RR YS TCT JP RB SI MA JL
LK
Project Management and Reporting
1. Working Paper on Climate Change
2. Operational Guidelines Integrating mitigation
and adaptation concerns in water resources
planning and climate-proofing infrastructure
3 Strategic Framework document
4 CRB Specific Action Plans for mitigation,
adaptation and capacity building
5 Pilot Activities
6. Strategic finance planning and access to
international funding
49
7
7
8
0
0
25
20
23
8
20
33
4
25
12
25
20
11
5
90
5
5
12
10
14
13
10
9
11
24
5
2
0
6
11
6
12
7
0
14
11
6
0
0
4
6
8
22
8
14
8
13
72
14
12
3
14
6
23
22
19
8
0
0
39
18
31
2
20
14
Note: JD = Dr James Davie (TL and Climate Change Specialist; YS = Dr Yuli Suharnoto (Deputy TL and Water Resources Adaptation
Specialist); TCT = Tan Ching Tiong (Water Resources and Climate Change Adaptation Specialist); JP = Prof. Juan Pulhin (Agriculture
and Climate Change Adaptation Specialist); RB = Prof. Rizaldi Boer (Agriculture and Climate Change Adaptation Specialist); SI = Dr
AKM Saiful Islam (Climate Change Modelling Specialist); MA = Dr Muhammad Ardiansyah (GIS and Multimedia Specialist); RR =
Rohmadi Ridlo (CDM and Waste Management Specialist); LK = Dr Lala Kalopaking (National Institutional Strengthening Specialist); JL =
Dr Djuara Lubis (Community Empowerment Specialist).
7.3.5
The Project staff profiles have been chosen so that in the key areas of agriculture/ rural land use/
forestry; water resources management; adaptation pilots, CDM related mitigation pilots and climate
modelling would consist of coupling of international and national expertise. For example:
Agriculture and Rural Adaptation pilots: Prof. Juan Pulhin and Prof. Rizaldi Boer
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Water Resources management and Rural Adaptation pilots: Tan Ching Tiong and Dr Yuli
Suharnoto
CDM and mitigation pilots: Rohmadi Ridlo and Team Leader
Climate modelling: Dr Saiful Islam and CCROM resources
7.3.6
The key area of institutional capacity and needs assessments is dealt with by Dr Lala Kalopaking
supported by Dr Suharnoto, Dr Davie and Prof. Boer.
7.3.7
Dr Muhammad Ardiansyah provides a broad range of data analysis and management supports in
relation to climate change issues addressed by the CCROM and the project. Besides, his
experience in multi-media would link him to the community outreach and empowerment activities
working closely with the Community Empowerment Specialist.
The contribution from the
Community Empowerment Specialist will underpin the approach taken by all the other specialists
recognising that data collection, analysis and packaging needs to be undertaken with the recipients
among government and civil society clearly in mind.
7.3.8
Accordingly, there are several Outputs that fall clearly within major areas of interest of particular
specialists who will assume lead investigator status for these activities. While Output 1 will have
strong inputs from all team members, the paper will revolve around the technical inputs of the water
and agriculture specialists and the climate modeller. Output 2 will be led by the institutional
specialist and the international water specialist. Output 4, concerned with Action Planning, will have
support from across the team but will appropriately be led by the Community Empowerment
Specialist. Mitigation pilots will be led by the CDM Specialist with strong support from the
multi-media and community empowerment specialists, while the adaptation pilots will be led by the
water and agriculture sub-teams under the coordination of the national agriculture specialist.
7.3.9
In Table 7.4, the allocation of staff resources has been re-examined in terms of actual person days
(standardising the differences in the lengths of the contracts). This table indicates where resources
will be spent both individually and as a team. The analysis shows the fundamental importance of the
initial working paper and the importance of developing a comprehensive understanding of the climate
change issues that will bear down on the CRB as the basis for subsequent mitigation and adaptation
action. The analysis reinforces the relative importance of the pilot activities in terms of level of effort
and also the importance of developing action plans through which government and community
responses to climate change expectation can be coordinated. Because a number of these activities
will play out over many months, the two analyses become quite critical in developing a staff resource
management plan for the implementation of the project and also as a basis for the management of
the project budget.
Table 7.4
OUTPUT
Person Days Allocated to Achieve Each Output
JD
YS TCT JP RB SI
Project Management and
Reporting
Working Paper on Climate
Change
Operational Guidelines
MA
RR
LK
JL
Person
Days
141
180
15
5
72
6
11
29
26
40
525
20
144
38
30
58
108
26
0
32
37
493
20
166
63
14
32
6
21
0
69
29
420
14
6
79
43
23
13
0
17
32
17
0
0
9
13
0
22
23
40
23
64
203
235
46
37
86
22
27
12
28
26
55
23
0
0
84
45
260
50
57
40
89
6
732
261
Integrating mitigation and
adaptation concerns in water
Resources planning and
climate-proofing infrastructure
Strategic Framework document
CRB Specific Action Plans for
mitigation,
adaptation
and
capacity building
Pilot Activities
Strategic finance planning and
access to international funding
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
87
October 2011
7.4
Budget Estimations
7.4.1
The details of the estimated budget for the implementation phase of the Project are presented in
Annex 4. The figures presented in the table are in USD X 1000.
7.4.2
The total estimated for the post Inception Phase is USD 1,290,000. Annex 4 shows the breakdown
of the budget plan. This has been adjusted to include the budget spent since commencement of the
Project on 25 January 2011.
7.4.3
The estimate of budget has been developed through a strong focus on participatory methods.
Based on a series of consultations and discussions with ADB, it is recommended to keep the budget
allocation as suggested in the TOR.
7.4.4
Table 7.5 shows the estimated budget allocation for each workshops/trainings/RTDs as well as the
objectives, training materials, training dates and target stakeholders.
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
88
October 2011
Table 7.5
Objectives, Training Materials, Training Dates, Target Stakeholders and Budget Allocations for Workshops/Trainings/RTDs
Relevant
Type of Event
Outcomes
Dates
Target Stakeholders
Activity
Estimated
Outputs
Leader
Budget (USD)
5/23/2011 to
Rizaldi Boer
12,000
At completion of 3 RTDS participants will have:
1
RTD-1 for
Representatives of
7/14/2011
(including
Citarum
stakeholders and local
three baseline
i. Developed a conceptual framework related to
stakeholders
communities of upper,
studies,
climate change;
mid and lower
RTD-2 Current
9,000)
catchments
ii. Identified 6 key strategic issues relevant to
and Planning
climate change;
Community based
Government Bodies
initiatives for
iii. Identified a process for the input of these
NGOs
adaptation and
strategic issues into project design and
mitigation activities
Farmer groups
implementation; and
RTD-3 adaptation
Representatives of local
iv. Identified with project coordinator a process for
and mitigation
governments in the CRB
feedback to stakeholder groups on impact to
initiatives by local
project design and implementation.
governments
1
Workshop 1 Climate risk at CRB
By completion of Workshop 1 participants will have:
1/9/2011
i. Developed a conceptual framework related to
climate risk;
ii. Identified 10 climate risk factors in the context of
climate change;
Representatives of
communities of the whole
CRB
Yuli Suharnoto
3,000
Juan Pulhin
20,000
(including for
equipments
5,000)
Representatives of
communities of upper,
mid and lower catchment
iii. Identified the key impacts of these risk factors
specifically as they relate to the CRB; and
iv. Identified a process for feedback to stakeholders
on the impact of these risk assessments on
future project design and implementation.
1
Training 1:
Development of
methodology for
assessing current
vulnerabilities of
human
communities to
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
By completion of Training 1 participants will have:
i. An agreed conceptual framework directly related
to the understanding of climate vulnerability,
mitigation and adaptation strategies;
10/18/2011
to
10/19/2011
ii. Contributed to the development of the
methodology which can be applied to a number
89
Local government
extension workers
Representative of farmer
groups from West Java
Province and selected
kabupaten/kota
governments that are
October 2011
climate change
potential locations for
pilots
of strategic locations for assessing current
vulnerabilities of human communities; and
iii. Strengthened capacity and heightened
awareness in conducting vulnerability
assessments at the local level.
1
1
Training 2: Testing
the methodology on
the vulnerability
assessment for
local stakeholders
By completion of Training 2 participants will have:
Consultation on the
methodology with
Packages A to D
After the internal project consultation, the
consultant team will achieve:
i. Developed a range of skills in conducting
vulnerability assessments at the local level; and
10/27/2011
to
10/28/2011
ii. With project staff contributed to the pre-testing of
a specific methodology and associated tools
which potentially can be applied to a range of
pilot locations in the CRB.
Local government
extension workers
Juan Pulhin
15,000
Yuli Suharnoto
3,250
Province and selected
kabupaten/kota
governments that are
potential locations for
pilots
9/26/2011
to
11/16/2011
Consultant team of
Package A to Package D
1/9/2012
Team Leader
i. A coordinated methodology across all core
packages to climate risk assessment; and
ii. A heightened appreciation of the advantages
provided by a consistent approach to risk
assessment in terms of relevancy, effectiveness
and cross program coordination.
1
National Workshop
1: Current and
future climate risk
on WRM in CRB
At completion of workshop key, key outcomes will
be:
i. A strategic assessment of current climate risks
to WRM in the CRB (with particular emphasis on
sectors represented);
ii. A strategic framework for the mapping of future
climate risks in the CRB;
Team Leader
6,500
Representatives of
BAPPENAS
Province
iii. An agreed risk assessment of the scope and
magnitude of these current and future risks in
the CRB and levels of severity in terms of impact
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
90
October 2011
on WRM;
iv. A heightened awareness for all sectors to work
with a focus on co ordination across all sectors;
and
v. A process by which outcomes of national
workshop are shared across other packages to
ensure maximum project coordination.
2
Consultation with
local governments
to refine the
guideline and
approach for
mainstreaming
climate change in
WRM
At workshop completion there will be:
i. A heightened awareness of the advantages of
mainstreaming climate change in IWRM;
12/12/2011
to
12/27/2011
Agency heads and key
staff in local government
throughout the CRB
Rizaldi Boer
1/2/2012
Representatives of
DGWR
Lala
Kolopaking
1,000
Yuli Suharnto
7,500
6,000
Lala
Kolopaking
ii. Identification of climate change risks in CRB if
mainstreaming is not maximised;
iii. An agreed approach to mainstreaming climate
change concerns into IWRM policies; and
iv. Identification of potential barriers to
mainstreaming with possible solutions to
minimise these barriers.
2
2
RTD 4 working
group to develop
operational
guideline to
integrate climate
change concerns
into IWRM
By completion of RTD 4 there will be:
Consultation with
DGWR, Pus air and
relevant
stakeholders to
refine the guideline
By the end of the Workshop, all participants will
have:
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
i. A framework for the documentation of an
operational guideline on the use of climate risk
assessments as a process to better mainstream
CC into WRM; and
ii. Identification of any potential barriers to the
implementation of the operational guideline and
associated solutions.
1/27/2012
to
2/9/2012
Representatives of
DGWR
i. Agreed on a documented coordinated
operational guideline;
Representatives of Pus
Air
ii. Identified issues related to the mainstreaming of
91
Tan Ching
Tiong
October 2011
this operational guideline taking into account of
local government perspective; and
iii. Developed a process by which the operational
guideline can be periodically reviewed for its
relevancy and effectiveness.
2
RTD 5 on
Operational
guideline on
climate-proofing
water infrastructure
By completion of RTD 5, the key outcomes will be:
2/12/2012
i. A framework for the documentation of
operational guidelines for climate- proofing
water infrastructure; and
ii. A process to periodically review these guidelines
for relevancy and effectiveness.
3
Conduct RTDs
(about three RTDs)
to define
appropriate
institution
arrangement
At completion of RTDs there will be:
i. A documented framework to ensure a consistent
and co-ordinate relationship between key
institutions to maximise the impact of climate
change risk assessments; and
Representatives of
DGWR
Tan Ching
Tiong
Representatives of
provincial and local
Yuli Suharnoto
2,000
Representatives of NGOs
3/5/2012
to
3/30/2012
3/26/2012
to
4/16/2012
governments in the upper
catchment
Lala
Kolopaking
12,000
Rohmadi Ridlo
4,000
(including
baseline study
3,000)
Representatives of
DGWR
ii. A process to periodically review the
effectiveness of these arrangements and the
identification of potential barriers.
3
RTD 9 with related
stakeholders for
defining strategy
and identifying key
climate change
programs in the
upstream region
By completion of RTD 9,10 and 11 there will be:
i. Documentation that identifies all major CC
initiatives in the upper catchment;
Rizaldi Boer
communities of upper
catchment
ii. Identification of key project strategies that will
both complement and enhance existing
initiatives; and
iii. A review process to ensure the ongoing
complementation of both existing and new
project initiatives.
3
RTD 10 with related
stakeholders for
defining broad
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
As above
4/12/2012
to
4/27/2012
92
governments in the mid
Rohmadi Ridlo
Rizaldi Boer
4,000
(including
baseline study
October 2011
strategy and
identifying key
climate change
programs in the Mid
stream region
3
3
3,000)
catchment
communities of mid
catchment
RTD 11 with related
stakeholders for
defining broad
strategy and
identifying key
climate change
programs in the
D/S
As above
Conduct RTDs with
stakeholders in the
three cluster (joint
discussion in the
RTDs 9, 10 and 11)
By completion of RTDS there will be:
4/19/2012
to
5/4/2012
governments in the lower
catchment
Rohmadi Ridlo
Rizaldi Boer
communities of lower
catchment
i. A documented review of outcomes from
previous RTDS focused on all catchment areas;
and
6/11/2012
to
6/29/2012
7/16/2012
Representatives of
national, provincial and
local government
4,000
(including
baseline study
3,000)
Siti Amanah
9,000
Team Leader
6,500
Rizaldi Boer
1,000
communities of the CRB
ii. A maximise the complement of new initiatives
and existing initiatives to ensure relevancy to
local communities in the CRB.
3
4
National Workshop
2 to focus on a
strategic framework
document on
climate change and
water resource
management in
CRB
By completion of Workshop there will be:
Conduct RTD 12
with MoE and
BPLHD to discuss
training curriculum,
scope of training
and methods
At completion of RTD there will be :
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
i. A documented road map outlining a path to
enhanced climate and water resource
management in the CRB; and
ii. A joint process committed to the ongoing review
and implementation of this road map established
as part of outcomes of National Workshop1.
1/30/2012
Representatives of MoE
and BPLHD
i. Identification of training model;
ii. Documented framework for the delivery of
climate change training; and
93
October 2011
iii. Identification of numbers and locations for
training and associated budget.
4
National Workshop By completion of Workshop participants will have:
3 on climate
change action
i. Reviewed all Climate Change action plans;
plans for enhancing
ii. Provided feedbacks on possible changes to
water resource
maximise effectiveness;
management at
CRB
iii. Provided feedback to ensure action plans are
consistent with National Policies and Programs;
and
7/30/2012
Representatives of
local government
Rizaldi Boer
6,500
Rohmadi Ridlo
6,000
(including
baseline
survey 5,000)
Rizaldi Boer
3,000
Representatives of
private sector
iv. Identified a strategic process by which action
plans can be reviewed periodically to ensure
consistency at the national level.
5
RTD 13 with
BPLHD and related
stakeholders for
refining criteria for
site selection for
pilots
At completion of RTD there will be:
11/1/2011
i. A set of selection criteria for identification of
potential pilot locations; and
Representatives of
Ministry of Health
Representatives of
Ministry of Industry
ii. A review process to ensure that selection criteria
reflect strategic project outcomes.
Representatives of
Ministry of Agriculture
Representatives of
BPLHD
5
Workshop with
MoE and BPLHD
on site selection for
pilot activities
At completion of Workshop participants will have
identified:
12/19/2011
and BPLHD
Rohmadi Ridlo
i. Potential sites for pilot projects; and
ii. Sites to reflect coordination with other existing
pilot projects.
5
Conduct RTD with
BPLHD on
selection of pilots
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
At completion of RTD, the key achievements are:
1/30/2012
i. Final program of pilot projects and associated
94
Representatives of
BPLHD
Rizaldi Boer
1,000
Yuli Suharnoto
October 2011
activities; and
Rohmadi Ridlo
ii. The selected pilot projects could be coordinated
with other project packages.
5
RTD 14 with MoE
and BPLHD on
communication
strategy
By end of RTD participants will have:
9/25/2012 to
10/26/2012
and BPLHD
Community
Empowerment
Specialist
(TBA)
1,000
i. Finalised a Program of Communication Strategy
with specific focus on media liaison; and
ii. Finalised an implementation plan to maximise
effectiveness of Communication Strategy.
6
RTD 15 with MoE &
BPLHD to develop
agenda for the
training workshop
At the completion of this meeting there will be a
cohesive agenda in place and agreed for the
arrangement of proposal training.
7/2/2012 to
12/21/2012
and BPLHD
Team Leader
3,000
6
RTD 16 with MoE &
BPLHD to discuss
potential
participants for the
training
At the completion of the workshop, there will be an
agreed list of participants and the final details of
location and other logistic arrangements.
12/24/2012
to
2/8/2013
and BPLHD
Team Leader
4,000
(including
baseline study
3,000)
6
Training 4 on
development of
project proposal
The training will be conducted in an active learning
approach.
1/15/2013
to
2/22/2013
Representatives of
local government
Team Leader
30,000
Mid Term National
Workshop
Dissemination and discussion of Mid-Term
outcomes of the project and to discuss barriers and
constraints.
6/18/2012
Representatives of
local government (e.g.
and BPLHD)
Task 23: Final
National Workshop
Dissemination and discussion of final outcomes of
the project.
4/15/2013
Representatives of
local government
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
At the completion of the training, the participants
will have successfully completed the writing a
proposal in Indonesian to seek for external funding.
95
6,500
Team Leader
10,000
October 2011
7.5
Implementation Challenges and Recommendations
Climate Risk Assessment
7.5.1
Climate risk assessment is one of the key analyses that will provide the basis for developing climate
change mitigation and adaptation strategies, action plans and climate proof infrastructures in the CRB
in this project. An important input to risk assessment is the collection of comprehensive climate
historical data and climate change scenarios. The climate risk assessment at River Basin level has
a strong dependence on observed meteorological data (rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature,
evaporation, and solar radiation) on monthly and daily basis over the last 30 years and high resolution
climate projections data. Collection of this data is a significant challenge and a constraint on the
project to achieve its modelling objectives. Daily historical climate data are available at only for very
few stations resulting in many data gaps.
7.5.2
To address this problem, the following approaches are proposed:
Based on the patterns evident in those stations that have daily climate data, a stochastic model
such as SDSM or Artificial Neural Networks will be used to generate daily data from the monthly
means and this will be utilised in the existing available models. To address the significant gaps
in the historical record, data such as CRU will be re-analysed to construct historical monthly data
based on the available observation data from the 1950s to present time; and
To maximise the achievable resolution of the climate change scenarios, statistical downscaling
will be used. This approach is computationally inexpensive and appropriately in terms of
analytical timeframes. The use of GCM over the CRB area will be maximised for the A2, A1B
and B1 emission scenarios from 2000-2070. The regional climate model (RegCM3) will also be
used to provide comparative predictions for the A1B scenario, as it is open source and readily
available. The A1B scenario is the most balance scenario in terms of energy use (fossil fuel
and other alternatives) which is the most appropriate.
Financial Support of Pilot Activities
7.5.3
During the consultation meetings held through the Inception Phase, there has been a consistent
recommendation from various stakeholders including local government officers, BPLHD, NGO,
Academics Institutions , etc that the pilots should be considered and designed for programs but not
as individual projects to enhance their sustainability and effectiveness. For this to occur there will
need to be a funding formula which guarantees the continuation of the program beyond the usually
shorter term project funding formula. A recurrent budget is required which implies the incorporation
of these activities into the routine annual budgets of the implementing agencies. This may be
challenging. Experience has shown that annual recurrent funds sourced through the national
Government Budget (APBN) and local government (APBD) have been of limited effectiveness
because they tend not to sustain activity in one program or location. Special funding through
government earmarking (which may require new budget allocation protocols for implementation in
local government), or external sources such as targeted environmental service payments, block
grants such as PNPM for supporting village development, hybrid micro financing for supporting
organic farming actions will need to be further explored. Whichever options are shown, this will
need to be managed or at least coordinated at the province level under a lead agency which is yet to
be identified. National Government engagement and approval will be essential in order to legalise
the funding mechanisms and this engagement will need to be managed through the BAPPENAS with
the support and in the context of the National Roadmap.
Project Office Arrangement
7.5.4
A project office for the first phase – year 1 - of the project has been established in the Ministry of
Environment. According to the Terms of Reference of the project and the expectation of the
government partners and ADB, the project will shift its operational base for the second and third year
to Bandung at an office to be provided by the Province Environmental Agency (BLHD). This
arrangement is consistent with the expected shift in activities from more conceptual approaches to a
field based activity where close working relationships will need to be maintained with provincial and
local government agencies and civil society stakeholders.
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
96
October 2011
7.5.5
This is recommended that advance of this arrangement could be reconsidered in view of the fact that
a number of field based activities have been moved forward in the proposed work schedule where
field work and feedback from local government is being sought to feed the development of the
conceptual assessments that constitute Tasks 1, 2 and 3. This is also considered that a longer
standing and closer physical working relationship with the local governments in the CRB will have
value in facilitating the mainstreaming of climate change considerations. Furthermore the
geographic focus of most of the national consultants reside in Bogor, and the fact that the other
international consultants are located in countries in the broader SE Asian region mean that there
should be little immediate difference in access to resources from a base in Jakarta or a base in
Bandung. A small secretariat office could be retained in the MoE in Jakarta for liaison purpose.
7.5.6
This approach would necessitate the removal of a DTL to Bandung where he would maintain the
office and conduct the necessary coordination of project activities closer to the provincial and local
government partners and other organisations key to the successful achievement or the Project
outcomes.
7.5.7
The decision carries some budgetary implications which will need to be negotiated as potential
amendments to the contract with AECOM but will result in other cost savings and a much closer and
focused working relationship with government at all levels. This proposed arrangement of office will
be further discussed with the representatives of ADB, MoE and BLHD.
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
97
October 2011
Annexes
Annex 1
Reference
Final Inception Report – Annex 1
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Pengembangan Pertanian. Bogor, 155p.
Lasco, R.D., and R. Boer. (2006). An Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impacts, Adaptations and
Vulnerability in Watershed Areas and Communities in Southeast Asia. A Final Report Submitted to
Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC), Project No. AS 21. Published by The
International START Secretariat 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA. www.start.org.
Leary, N., J. Adjuwon, V. Barros, P. Batima, B. Biagini, I. Burton, S. Chinvanno, R. Cruz, D. Dabi, A.
Comarmond, B. Dougherty, P. Dube, A. Githeko, A. Hadid, M. Hellmuth, R. Kangawawe, J. Kulkarni , M.
Kumar, R. Lasco, M. Mataki, M. Edany, M. Mohsen, A. Nagy, B. Osama-Elasha, E. Sanjak, R. Seiler, M.
Taylor, M. Travasso, G. Maltitz, S. Wandiga, and M. Webbe. (2008). “A stitch in time: General lessons from
specific cases”, in Climate Change and Adaptation, Leary N., Adejuwwon J., Barroos V., Burton I., Kulkarni J
and Lasco R. (editors), 1-27, Earthscan, UK.
MoE. (2007). Indonesia Country Report: Climate Variability and Climate Change, and their Implication.
Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.
Boer R, Martinus D, Faqih A, Dasanto B (2004) Impact of land use and climate changes on streamflow at
Citarum watershed. Proceedings of the 2nd AIACC regional workshop for Asia and the Pacific, 2–5
November 2004, Traders Hotel, 3001 Roxas Blvd., Pasay City, Manila, Philippines.
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Mulyana, N, Y. Suharnoto, K. Abdullah, L.B. Prasetyo, C. Kusmana. (Submitted to Transactions of the
ASABE). Swat Model Calibration to Predict Diurnal Wateryield at Cisadane Upper Catchment, West Java
Indonesia.
Roeckner, E., G. Bäuml, Bonaventura,L., Brokopf, R., Esch, M., Giorgetta,M., Hagemann, S., Kirchner, I.,
Kornblueh, L., Manzini, E., Rhodin, A., Schlese, U., Schulzweida, U. and Tompkins, A. (2003) The
atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5. Part I: Model description. Max Planck Institute for
Meteorology Report 349, pp. 127.
Santosa, H (2003). Generating land use changes scenarios for assessing the effects of changes in land use
patterns and climate on the quantity and variability of streamflows. Environmental Informatics Archiv 1:
541-564.
Santoso, H. and R. Warrick. (2003). An integrated system INDOCLIM for examining the impacts of changes in
land use and climate on the quantity and variability of streamflows in the Upper Citarum River Basin,
Indonesia. Environmental Informatics Archives 1, 175-189.
Stone, M.C., Rollin H. Hotchkiss, Carter M. Hubbard, Thomas A. Fountaine, Linda O Mearns, and Jeff G.
Arnold. (2001). Impacts of Climate Change on Missouri River Basin Water Yield. Journal of the American
Water Resources Association. Vol 37 No 5, October 2001.
Sulandari,U, Rizaldi Boer, Eka Inta Kumala Puteri, and Delon Martinus, (2004). Assessment of Community
Participation to Reduce Impact of Climate Change at Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia.
Proceeding of the 2nd AIACC Regional Workshop for Asia and the Pacific, 2-5 November 2004, Traders
Hotel, 3001 Roxas Blvd., Pasay City, Manila, Philippines. http://www.aiaccproject.org/ meetings/Manila.html.
UNFCCC (2004) Application of methods and tools for assessing impacts and vulnerability, and developing
adaptationresponses. Background paper. Note by the secretariat:
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2004/sbsta/inf13.pdf .
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change on CRB management). Project Report.
Nash, J. E. and J. V. Sutcliffe (1970), River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I — A discussion
of principles, Journal of Hydrology, 10 (3), 282–290.
Thornthwaite, C.W.; Mather, J.R. (1955). The water balance.Publications in Climatology. New Jersey, Drexel
Institute of Technology, 104p.
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Annex 2
Analysis of Work Plan Outputs, Tasks
and Activities
ANNEX 2: ANALYSIS OF WORK PLAN OUTPUTS, TASKS AND ACTIVITIES
Output 1: Working Paper 1 on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Assessments in CRB
1. Collect and review available data (March 21 – September 27, 2011)
2. Consultation with other packages and relevant stakeholders related to the issues (end of
September 2011):
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Spatial Plan (B2);
Climate modelling;
Infrastructure water (Package C and BBWS Citarum);
Other initiatives (BP DAS, BKSDA, Perhutani, IP/PLN, Geothermal, NGOs);
Policy review, institution and climate change program. These will take place separately in
the upper, middle and lower river tracts and their watersheds because it is expected that
issues of water management will be different depending on the hydrological conditions in
each. Stakeholders will include 1 city and one District government as well as well as
Ministries of Home Affairs, BAPPENAS, BBWS, PJT-II, and the TKPSDA – Coordination
Team for water resource management;
f. Community empowerment and communication (Ministry of Agriculture on Climate Field
School, Badan Ketahanan Pangan,Dinas Pertanian, Dinas Kehutanan etc. and related
stakeholders in the three clusters).
3. Working reports related to the above issues (Mid December 2011).
Task 2: Develop Common Understanding among Stakeholders on Climate Change Impact on Water
Management at CRB and Long Term Development
1. Developing common understanding among stakeholders about current and future climate risk,
Climate Proof Infrastructure and implication on watershed management and development of
long-term development plan) through 3 RTDs and one workshop (May and July, 2011):
a.
b.
c.
d.
RTD-1 for Developing common understanding among stakeholders (NGOs, Local
Governments, Privates) (May 23, 2011);
RTD-2 for Current and Planning Community based initiatives for adaptation and mitigation
activities (July 4, 2011);
RTD-3 for adaptation and mitigation initiatives by local governments (July 14, 2011);
Workshop 1 on ‘Climate Risk at CRB’: To bring all stakeholders from the three clusters to
develop potential integrated program for improving management of CRB in the context
climate change. (January 9, 2012);
2. Working Reports related to the point 1 of task 2.
Task 3: Assessment of Current Vulnerabilities of Human Communities to Climate Change
st
1. Technical Guideline for vulnerability assessment (1 Draft – end of August 2011; Final Draft – end
of September 2011);
2. Training 1 on the development of Vulnerability Assessment on Climate Change methodology’:
(October 18-19,2011);
3. Refining
2011);
methodology for the vulnerability assessment (JP, LK, JPL and RB) (mid October
4. Training 2: Testing the methodology on the vulnerability assessment for local stakeholders
(October 27-28, 2011);
5. Survey: Implementation of vulnerability assessment with local partners with resource from
TA-ADB (November 14, 2011 – December 1, 2011);
6. Analysis of data for vulnerability assessment (December 2, 2011 – December 22, 2011);
7. Policy Brief 1 on current vulnerability of community to climate impact;
8. Technical Report-1 on ‘Current Vulnerability Assessment at CRB’.
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Task 4: Assessment of Current and Future Climate Risk on Ecosystem
1. Data preparation for modeling analysis (May-July 2011)
2. Development of Methodology (January – May 2011):
a. Methods for current and future climate risk assessment;
b. Methods for climate modeling/Climate projection Scenarios, including data requirements (end
of May);
c. Methods for developing Land Use change scenarios;
d. Methods for hydrology simulation (model building, soil data input, climate data input, Land
cover data input, reservoir regulations/operations);
e. Methods for defining climate proofing Infrastructure.
3. Consultation on the methodology with other Packages A, B, C and D and relevant stakeholders
through two RTD (one with package and one with related government agencies): Main objective is
to develop common understanding among the packages and other stakeholders on the concept
and methodology of current and future climate risk assessment and get inputs for the development
of climate change scenarios, land use scenarios, climate proofing infrastructure and create
synergy with other packages including expected supports (September 26 – November 16, 2011);
4. Implementation of climate risk assessment (August 15, 2011-December 13, 2012):
a. Identification data gaps;
b. Collecting and generating data for filling the gaps;
c. Developing climate change and land use scenarios.
5. Policy Brief 2 on Assessment of current and future climate risk;
6. Technical Report-2 on ‘Assessment of current and future climate risk’ (December 30, 2011);
7. National Workshop 1 on Current and Future Climate Risk on WRM at CRB (January 29, 2012).
Task 5: Working Paper on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Assessments in CRB
(synthesis of working reports and technical reports March 12 - April 6, 2012)
Output 2: Two Operational Guidelines for Mainstreaming Climate Change Concerns in the IWRM
Task 6: Operational Guideline for Integrating Climate Change Concerns in Water Resources Planning
for the CRB (November 2011 – July 2012)
1. Draft operational guideline on the use of the results of climate risk assessment (based on output 1)
for mainstreaming climate change concerns in water resources planning for the CRB;
2. Consultation with local governments to refine the guideline and approach for mainstreaming
climate change concerns in water resources planning for the CRB;
3. RTD 4 on ‘Operational guideline on the use of the results of climate risk assessment for
mainstreaming climate change concerns in water resources planning for the CRB’;
4. Facilitate the process and assist the local government for integrating climate change concern
particularly in water resources planning (e.g. meeting with local parliament member, particularly
with Commission 3);
5. Document the process implemented by the local governments in mainstreaming climate change
concerns in water resources planning for the CRB;
6. Operational Guideline 1 on integrating climate change concerns in water resources planning for
the CRB.
Task 7: Operational Guideline for Climate-Proofing Water Infrastructure Investments for the CRB
(January - June 2012)
1. Preparing draft of operational guideline on the use of the results of climate risk assessment (based
on output 1) for developing climate-proofing water infrastructure;
2. Consultation with DGWR, Puslitair and relevant stakeholders to refine the guideline;
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3. RTD 5 on Operational guideline on climate-proofing water infrastructure;
4. Operational guideline 2 on climate-proofing water infrastructure investment;
5. Working Report based on feedback from DGWR on the use of the Guideline.
Output 3: Working Paper 2 on Strategic Framework for Enhancing Water Management Systems in
CRB
Task 8: Define Appropriate Institution Arrangement for Enhancing Water Management Systems in
CRB (Mid of April 2012)
1. Develop institutional framework for improving WRM in CRB based on result of Task 1 and Task 2
(e.g. clearing house and role of Provincial and District and Municipal BLHD in coordinating
activities in sub-sub catchment);
2. Conduct RTDs 6, 7 and 8 to define appropriate institution arrangement for enhancing water
management systems in CRB;
3. Draft Technical Report 3 on Institutional arrangement for enhancing water management systems
in CRB.
Task 9: Develop Strategy and Key Programs for Improving Watershed Management in CRB.
1. RTD 9 with related stakeholders for defining broad strategy and identifying key climate change
programs in the upper water-catchment (e.g. PDAM, LP3ES, Indonesian Power/LPPM IPB);
programs in the middle water-catchment;
programs in the lower water-catchment;
4. Draft Technical Report 4 on strategy and key programs for adaptation and mitigation in the upper,
middle and lower tracts of the water catchment.
Task 10: Develop Strategic Approach for Community Empowerment and Communication Outreach
(including civil servant, legislator, media and community).
1. Conduct RTDs with stakeholders in the three cluster (joint discussion in the RTDs 9, 10 and 11) to
identify strategic approach for community empowerment and communication outreach;
2. Developing working report on strategic approach for community empowerment and public
outreach;
3. Consultation with related agencies at National, Provincial and Local Levels on approaches for
implementing effective community empowerment programs and public outreach;
4. Produce Draft of Technical Report 5 on strategic approach for community empowerment and
public outreach.
Task 11: Produce Working Paper 2 on the ‘Strategic Framework for Enhancing Water Management
Systems in CRB Based on the Result of Tasks 8, 9 and 10
Task 12: Conduct Workshop 2 on ‘Strategic Framework Enhancing Water Management Systems in
CRB’ for Inputs from Broader Stakeholders and Finalizing the Working Paper 2
Output 4: CRB Specific Action Plans for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation and Capacity
Development
Task 12: Conducting Training 3 on ‘Mitigation and Adaptation on Climate Change’ for Local
Governments and Other Related Stakeholders (January 30, 2012 – April 20, 2012)
1. Conduct RTD 12 with MoE and BLHD to discuss training curriculum, scope of training and
methods;
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2. Develop manuals and training modules on climate change mitigations and adaptation (All
consultant team);
3. Implement training 3 ‘Mitigation and Adaptation and Development of Climate Change Action Plan)’
for representatives from local government, NGOs and Private in the three clusters (upper, middle
and lower water catchments);
4. Facilitate participants from the three clusters to develop draft of climate change action plans for
Enhancing Water Resource Management at CRB taking into account the results of Tasks 8, 9 and
10.
Task 13: Conducting Workshop 3 on ‘Climate Change Action Plans for Enhancing Water Resources
Management at CRB’ (August2012)
1. Facilitate and assist BLHD to conduct coordination meetings with the local governments and other
stakeholders from the three clusters to refine the climate change action plans resulted in activity 4
of Task 12;
2. Facilitate and assist BLHD to socialize the climate change action plan to parliament members;
3. Conduct workshop 3 on climate change action plans for enhancing water resource management at
CRB)- July 2012.
Task 14: Producing Working Paper 3 to Document the Process of the Development of Climate Change
Action Plan in the Three Clusters
Output 5:
Climate Change Pilot Activities
Task 15: Developing Criteria for Site Selection for Pilots (November 10,2011)
1. Consultation with related stakeholders from the three clusters and use inputs to elaborate key
criteria for site selection for pilots;
2. RTD 13 with BLHD and related stakeholders for refining criteria for site selection for pilots;
3. Produce working report on key criteria for site selection.
Task 16: Select Sites for Pilots (September 2011 - February 2012)
1. Based on inputs gained from the RTDs 9, 10 and 11, in consultation with MoE and BPLHD
Province develop list of potential sites in the upper, middle and lower water catchment for pilots;
2. Conduct Workshop 4 on ‘Potential Climate Change Pilots at CRB by inviting organizations from
the three clusters who have community-based activities related to climate change and water
management and to present their initiatives;
3. Facilitate and assist BLHD to organize process of selecting sites (e.g. call for proposal etc.) for
pilots (3 for adaptations and 2 for mitigations);
4. Facilitate and assist BLHD to do ‘Pilots Proposal Evaluation and Selection’ including site visit to
potential sites for pilot;
5. Conduct RTD with BLHD.
Task 17: Implement Pilots (End of February 2012 - March 2013)
1. Facilitate and assist BLHD of West Java Province, Districts and Municipal to develop indicators to
be used for monitoring and evaluation of the pilots;
2. Distribution of grants to organizations who have been selected to implement pilots;
3. Implementation of pilots by the selected organizations;
4. Facilitate and assist District or Municipal BLHDs to coordinate and to develop synergy of
community empowerment programs from SKPD with the pilots;
5. Conduct monitoring and evaluations;
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6. Develop working report to document lesson learnt from the pilots.
Task 18: Communication & Awareness Raising
1. RTD 14 with MoE and BLHD to discuss activities under TA ADB for developing communication
media to create awareness of stakeholders related to CRB management taking outputs from
Tasks 10 and 13;
2. Develop communication instruments (e.g. brochures, leaflet, documenter films, talk show, field
day etc) for awareness rising and for disseminating the process and lesson learnt from the pilots;
3. Working Report to document lesson learnt from communication & awareness rising activities.
Output 6: Project Documents for Accessing International Supports
Task 19: Workshop-5 on Funding Opportunities for CC project
1. RTD 15 with MoE & BPLHD to develop agenda for the workshop
2. Facilitate and assist BPLHD to organize the Workshop
3. Conduct the workshop
Task 20: Conduct Training 4 on ‘Project Proposal Development’ (JD and consultant team)
1. Training curriculum & modules developed;
2. RTD 16 with KLH & BPLHD to discuss potential participants for the training (the potential
participants are organizations/institutions that have potential projects and this can be taken from
the Workshop 4);
3. Conduct the Training 4 by BPLHD.
Task 21: Develop Project Proposals for External Funding
1. Facilitate and assist the stakeholders interested in developing project proposals to further develop
their concept;
2. Assist MOE & BPLHD in facilitating the stakeholder to get external funding for the project
proposals.
Task 22: Produce Working Report to Document the Process
Definitions
1. Training: is designed for limited number of participants on specific matter which may involve
between 10-20 participants
2. Local Workshop is designed to communicate, disseminate and discuss findings or results of analysis
at local level (local stakeholders) which may involve between 50-75 participants
3. National Workshop is designed to communicate, disseminate and discuss findings or results of
analysis at national level (broader stakeholders) which may involve between 100-150 participants
4. Survey is field visit to interview communities, to do ground checking, ground truthing, field
measurement etc.
5. Consultation is a visit to or communication with specific agency or resource person to get certain
inputs, or specific data and information or to get clarification on certain issue
6. Working Report is a written documentary about the process activities
7. Technical Report is a written documentary about the technical matters related to the activities
8. Technical Guideline is a written guide specific to technical matters
9. Operational Guideline is a written guide related to the applicability of the matters
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October 2011
10. Training Modules are the written documents prepared as a teaching material during the training
11. Manual is written document related to the specific operation of the matters.
12. Brochure and leaflet is a summaries of project explanations, objectives, news and announcements
to the public
13. Policy Brief is a summary of project explanations about specific subjects. Usually it is not more than
several pages.
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October 2011
Annex 3
Revised Work Plan
ID
Task Name
1
2
Task 0: Data Warehouse
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Duration
Start
Finish
504 days
Tue 1/25/11
Mon 12/24/12
Output 1: Working paper on climate change adaptation and mitigation assessments in 328 days?
Tue 1/25/11
Sun 4/22/12
Collect and review available data
233 days
125 days
Consultation with other packages and relevant stakeholders related to the iss 180 days
Spatial Plan
114 days
Climate Modeling
150 days
Water Infrastructure
150 days
Other initiative (BP DAS, BKSDA, Perhutani, IP/PLN, Geothermal, NGos)
139 days
Policy review, Institution and climate change program in 3 clusters (upper, mid 163 days
Community Empowerment and communication
145 days
Produce working reports related to the above issues.
31 days
Working Report 1
0 days
Tue 1/25/11 Mon 12/12/11
Mon 3/21/11
Tue 9/27/11
Tue 1/25/11
Tue 1/25/11
Tue 1/25/11
Tue 1/25/11
Tue 1/25/11
Thu 1/27/11
Tue 1/25/11
Mon 10/31/11
Mon 12/12/11
Fri 9/30/11
Fri 7/1/11
Mon 8/22/11
Mon 8/22/11
Thu 9/29/11
Fri 9/30/11
Fri 9/30/11
Mon 12/12/11
Mon 12/12/11
203 days
Mon 5/16/11
Thu 2/16/12
173 days
14 days
0 days
13 days
0 days
13 days
0 days
14 days
0 days
35 days
0 days
Mon 5/16/11
Mon 5/16/11
Mon 5/23/11
Fri 6/3/11
Mon 7/4/11
Wed 6/22/11
Thu 7/14/11
Mon 7/11/11
Mon 1/9/12
Mon 1/2/12
Thu 2/16/12
Mon 1/9/12
Thu 6/2/11
Mon 5/23/11
Tue 6/21/11
Mon 7/4/11
Fri 7/8/11
Thu 7/14/11
Thu 7/28/11
Mon 1/9/12
Thu 2/16/12
Thu 2/16/12
Task 3: Assessment of current vulnerabilities of human communities to Climate C 178 days?
Fri 7/1/11
Wed 2/29/12
Task 2: Develop common understanding among stakeholders
1. Developing common understanding among stakeholders
a. RTD-1 for Citarum stakeholders
RTD-1
b. RTD-2 for Current and Planning Community based initiatives for adaptation
RTD-2
c. RTD-3 adaptation and mitigation initiatives by local governments
RTD-3
d. Workshop 1 on ‘Climate Risk at CRB
Local Workshop on "Climate Risk at CRB"
2. Preparing Working Reports related to the point 1 of task 2
Working Report 2
1.Development of Methodologies for vulnerability assessment
57 days
2. Development of Village Typology
41 days?
3. Training 1 on Vulnerability Assessment for Local Government
2 days
Revision of Village Typology
6 days
Training 1 Report
7 days
4. Revision of the Guideline for defining village profile and HH Vulnerability Assessm
6 days
5. Training 2: Training on the use of the guideline for HH Vulnerability Assessment
2 days
Training 2 Report
7 days
6. Survey and Interview for collecting data for developing Village Profile and HH Vu
14 days
7. Analysis of data for vulnerability assessment
15 days
8. Developing Policy Brief 1 on current vulnerability of community to climate impact
10 days
Policy Brief 1
0 days
9. Preparing Technical Report-1 on ‘Current Vulnerability Assessment at CRB'
14 days
Technical Report 1
25 days
Task 4: Assessment of current and future climate risk on ecosystem
1. Preparing Data for modeling analysis
2. Development of Methodology
a. Current and future climate risk assessment
b. Climate modeling/Climate projection Scenarios, including data requirements
Project: Package E ADB 7189 INO
Date: Wed 10/5/11
2011
2012
2013
rte 1st Quart 2nd Quart 3rd Quart 4th Quarte 1st Quarte 2nd Quart 3rd Quart 4th Quarte 1st Quart 2nd Quart
e Jan e MarApr a Jun Jul u e Oct o e Jan e MarApr a Jun Jul u e Oct o e Jan e MarApr a Jun
MA,YS
YS,TCT,MA
AKM
YS,TCT
YS,TCT,MA,RR,JMP
YS,DPL,LMK,RB,JMP
DPL
Fri 7/1/11
Sat 9/17/11
Mon 8/1/11
Fri 9/23/11
Tue 10/18/11 Wed 10/19/11
Thu 10/20/11 Thu 10/27/11
Thu 10/20/11
Fri 10/28/11
Thu 10/20/11 Thu 10/27/11
Thu 10/27/11
Fri 10/28/11
Mon 10/31/11
Tue 11/8/11
Mon 11/14/11
Thu 12/1/11
Fri 12/2/11 Thu 12/22/11
Fri 12/23/11
Thu 1/5/12
Thu 1/5/12
Thu 1/5/12
Mon 1/9/12
Wed 1/25/12
Thu 1/26/12
Wed 2/29/12
292 days
45 days
Tue 1/25/11
Mon 5/9/11
Thu 3/1/12
Fri 7/8/11
90 days
90 days
90 days
Tue 1/25/11
Tue 1/25/11
Tue 1/25/11
Mon 5/30/11
Mon 5/30/11
Mon 5/30/11
Task
Milestone
External Tasks
Split
Summary
External Milestone
Progress
Project Summary
Deadline
Page 1
ID
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Duration
c. Developing Land Use change scenarios
d. Hydrology simulation
e. Defining Climate proofing Infrastructure
3. Consultation on the methodology with Packages A TO D & relevant stakeholders
Working Report 3
4. Implementation of climate risk assessment
a. Identification data gaps
b. Collecting and generating data for filling the gaps
c. Developing climate change and land use scenarios
5. Developing Policy Brief 2 on Assessment of current and future climate risk
Policy Brief 2
6. Preparing Technical Report-2 on Assessment of current and future climate risk
Technical Report 2
7. National Workshop 1 on Current and Future Climate Risk on WRM at CRB
National Workshop 1
National Workshop 1 Report
Task 5: Preparation of Working Paper on CCAM Assessments in CRB
Working paper 1 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Assessment in CRB
Start
Finish
90 days
Tue 1/25/11
Mon 5/30/11
90 days
Tue 1/25/11
Mon 5/30/11
90 days
Tue 1/25/11
Mon 5/30/11
40 days
Mon 9/26/11 Wed 11/16/11
0 days Wed 11/16/11 Wed 11/16/11
Mon 8/15/11
Mon 8/15/11
Fri 9/23/11
Wed 11/2/11
Mon 10/31/11
Sun 11/13/11
Mon 11/21/11
Fri 12/30/11
Mon 1/9/12
Sun 1/29/12
Mon 2/13/12
Mon 3/12/12
Sun 4/22/12
Tue 12/13/11
Thu 9/22/11
Tue 11/1/11
Tue 12/13/11
Mon 11/7/11
Sun 11/13/11
Fri 12/30/11
Fri 12/30/11
Thu 1/19/12
Sun 1/29/12
Thu 3/1/12
Fri 4/6/12
Sun 4/22/12
Output 2: Two operational guidelines for mainstreaming climate change concerns in th 157 days Mon 11/28/11
Mon 7/2/12
Task 6: Operational Guideline for Integrating climate change concerns in water res 157 days Mon 11/28/11
1. Preparing draft of operational guideline
14 days Mon 11/28/11
2. Consultation with local governments to refine the guideline and approach for mai
12 days Mon 12/12/11
3. RTD 4 on Operational guideline on the use of the results of climate risk assessm
11 days
Mon 1/2/12
RTD-4
0 days
Wed 1/18/12
Working Report 4
0 days
Sun 4/22/12
4. Facilitate the process and assist the local government for integrating CC concern
21 days
Mon 4/23/12
5. Document the process implemented by the local governments
20 days
Tue 5/22/12
Working Report 5
0 days
Mon 6/18/12
6. Finalize the operational guideline 1 on Integrating climate change concerns
10 days
Tue 6/19/12
Operational Guideline 1
0 days
Mon 7/2/12
Mon 7/2/12
Thu 12/15/11
Tue 12/27/11
Sun 1/15/12
Wed 1/18/12
Sun 4/22/12
Mon 5/21/12
Mon 6/18/12
Mon 6/18/12
Mon 7/2/12
Mon 7/2/12
90 days
30 days
30 days
30 days
6 days
0 days
30 days
0 days
10 days
0 days
14 days
20 days
0 days
Task 7: Operational Guideline for Climate-proofing water infrastructure investmen 105 days
1. Preparing draft of operational guideline on the use of the results of climate risk as
10 days
2. Consultation with DGWR, Puslitair and relevant stakeholders to refine the guidel
10 days
3. RTD 5 on Operational guideline on climate-proofing water infrastructure
10 days
RTD-5
0 days
4. Finalize the operational guideline 2 on climate-proofing water infrastructure inves
10 days
0 days
5. Get feedback from DGWR on the use of the guideline and produce working repo
25 days
Mon 1/16/12
Mon 1/16/12
Fri 1/27/12
Sun 2/12/12
Sun 4/22/12
Mon 4/23/12
Fri 5/4/12
Mon 5/7/12
Fri 6/8/12
Fri 1/27/12
Thu 2/9/12
Fri 2/24/12
Sun 4/22/12
Fri 5/4/12
Fri 5/4/12
Fri 6/8/12
Output 3: Working Paper 2 on Strategic framework for enhancing water management s
110 days
Mon 2/20/12
Fri 7/20/12
Task 8: Defining appropriate institution arrangement for enhancing water manage
1. Develop institutional framework for improving WRM in CRB based on result of Ta
2. Conduct RTDs (about three RTDs 6, 7 and 8) to define appropriate institution arr
RTD-6-7-8
Working Report 6
3. Produce Draft of Technical Report 3 on Institutional arrangement
40 days
10 days
20 days
0 days
0 days
20 days
Mon 2/20/12
Mon 2/20/12
Mon 3/5/12
Mon 3/19/12
Mon 3/19/12
Mon 3/19/12
Mon 4/16/12
Fri 3/2/12
Fri 3/30/12
Mon 3/19/12
Mon 3/19/12
Fri 4/13/12
Date: Wed 10/5/11
2011
2012
2013
Task
Milestone
External Tasks
Split
Summary
External Milestone
Progress
Project Summary
Deadline
Page 2
ID
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
Task Name
Duration
Technical Report 3
Start
Finish
0 days
Mon 4/16/12
Mon 4/16/12
Task 9: Developing Strategy and key programs for improving watershed managem
1. RTD 9 with related stakeholders for defining strategy and identifying key climate
RTD-9
2. RTD 10 with related stakeholders for defining broad strategy and identifying key
RTD-10
3. RTD 11 with related stakeholders for defining broad strategy and identifying key
RTD-11
Working Report 7
4. Produce draft of Technical Report 4 on Strategy and key programs for adaptation
Technical Report 4
75 days
16 days
0 days
12 days
0 days
12 days
0 days
0 days
20 days
0 days
Mon 3/26/12
Mon 3/26/12
Mon 4/16/12
Thu 4/12/12
Mon 4/23/12
Thu 4/19/12
Mon 4/30/12
Fri 6/8/12
Mon 6/11/12
Fri 7/6/12
Fri 7/6/12
Mon 4/16/12
Mon 4/16/12
Fri 4/27/12
Mon 4/23/12
Fri 5/4/12
Mon 4/30/12
Fri 6/8/12
Fri 7/6/12
Fri 7/6/12
Task 10: Developing strategic approach for community empowerment and comm
1. Conduct RTDs with stakeholders in the three cluster (joint discussion in the RTD
2. Developing working report on strategic approach for community empowerment a
Working Report 8
3. Consultation with related agencies at National, Provincial and Local Levels
4. Produce Draft of Technical Report 5 on strategic approach for community empow
Technical Report 5
Task 11: Producing Working Paper 2 on the strategic framework
Working paper 2
Task 11A: Conducting Workshop 2 on Strategic Framework
National Workshop 2
35 days
15 days
15 days
0 days
11 days
20 days
0 days
15 days
0 days
16 days
0 days
0 days
Mon 6/4/12
Mon 6/11/12
Mon 7/2/12
Mon 6/4/12
Mon 6/11/12
Mon 6/11/12
Mon 6/25/12
Mon 6/11/12
Thu 6/28/12
Mon 6/18/12
Mon 7/16/12
Mon 7/16/12
Fri 7/20/12
Fri 6/29/12
Fri 7/20/12
Mon 6/4/12
Mon 6/25/12
Fri 7/6/12
Mon 6/25/12
Fri 6/29/12
Thu 6/28/12
Mon 7/9/12
Mon 7/16/12
Mon 7/16/12
Output 4: CRB Specific Action Plans for mitigation and adaptation and capacity develo 186 days
Mon 1/2/12
Sun 9/16/12
60 days
10 days
0 days
0 days
15 days
0 days
10 days
0 days
0 days
20 days
Mon 1/30/12
Mon 1/30/12
Fri 2/10/12
Fri 2/17/12
Mon 2/20/12
Mon 3/12/12
Tue 3/6/12
Mon 3/19/12
Mon 3/26/12
Mon 3/26/12
Fri 4/20/12
Fri 2/10/12
Fri 2/10/12
Fri 2/17/12
Fri 3/9/12
Mon 3/12/12
Mon 3/19/12
Mon 3/19/12
Mon 3/26/12
Fri 4/20/12
Task 13. Conducting Workshop 3 on Climate Change Action Plans for Enhancing 186 days
1. Facilitate and assist BLHD to conduct coordination meetings with the local gover 151 days
2. Facilitate and assist BLHD to socialize the climate change action plan to parliame 107 days
3. Conduct workshop 3 on climate change action plans for enhancing water resourc
15 days
National Workshop 3
0 days
0 days
Climate Change Action Plan by Stakeholders
0 days
Task 14: Producing Working Paper 3 to document the process of the development of CC
16 days
Working paper 4
0 days
Mon 1/2/12
Mon 1/2/12
Thu 3/1/12
Mon 7/30/12
Fri 8/31/12
Fri 9/7/12
Sun 9/16/12
Mon 8/20/12
Mon 9/10/12
Sun 9/16/12
Fri 7/27/12
Fri 7/27/12
Fri 8/17/12
Fri 8/31/12
Fri 9/7/12
Sun 9/16/12
Mon 9/10/12
Mon 9/10/12
Task 12: Conducting Training 3 on Mitigation and Adaptation on Climate Change f
1. Conduct RTD 12 with MoE and BLHD to discuss training curriculum, scope of tra
RTD-12
Working paper 3
2. Develop manuals and training modules on climate change mitigations and adapt
Training 3 manual
3. Implement training 3 Mitigation and Adaptation and Development of Climate Cha
Training 3
Training 3 Report
4. Facilitate the training participants from the three clusters to develop draft of clima
Output 5: Climate change pilot activities
Task 15: Developing Criteria for site selection for pilots
Date: Wed 10/5/11
558 days?
Tue 1/25/11
Fri 3/8/13
211 days
Tue 1/25/11
Thu 11/10/11
2011
2012
2013
Task
Milestone
External Tasks
Split
Summary
External Milestone
Progress
Project Summary
Deadline
Page 3
ID
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
Task Name
Duration
1. Conduct further consultation with related stakeholders from the 3 clusters
2. RTD 13 with BLHD and related stakeholders for refining criteria for site selection
RTD-13
3. Produce working report on key criteria for site selection
Working Report 9
Start
Finish
102 days
71 days
0 days
7 days
0 days
Tue 1/25/11
Mon 4/25/11
Tue 11/1/11
Wed 11/2/11
Mon 11/7/11
Fri 9/16/11
Fri 9/2/11
Tue 11/1/11
Thu 11/10/11
Mon 11/7/11
Task 16: Selection of Site for Pilots
127 days?
1. In consultation with MoE and BLHD Province develop list of potential sites in the
30 days
2. Multi-stakeholder Process at District Level
15 days?
3. Facilitate local stakeholders in prioritizing and designing mitigations and adaptati
1 day?
4. Developing proposal for pilots and project documents
0 days?
5. Send Proposal to BLHD
1 day?
6. Facilitate and assist BLHD to organize process of selecting sites for pilots (3 for a
15 days
7. Facilitate and assist BLHD to do Pilots Proposal Evaluation and Selection includi
15 days
8. Selection of 10 best proposal and site visit for verification by Team under coordin
1 day?
9. Conduct Workshop 4 on Potential CC Pilots
10 days
Workshop 4 and announcement of 5 grantees by BLHD West Java
0 days
Workshop 4 Report
0 days
10. Conduct RTD with BLHD
10 days
RTD-14
0 days
Working Report 10
0 days
Thu 9/1/11
Thu 9/1/11
Sun 10/16/11
Thu 11/3/11
Mon 11/7/11
Sun 11/13/11
Mon 11/7/11
Mon 11/21/11
Fri 12/9/11
Mon 12/19/11
Mon 1/9/12
Mon 1/23/12
Mon 1/30/12
Mon 2/13/12
Mon 2/20/12
Mon 2/20/12
Fri 10/21/11
Thu 11/3/11
Thu 11/3/11
Mon 11/7/11
Mon 11/14/11
Fri 11/25/11
Fri 12/9/11
Fri 12/9/11
Fri 12/30/11
Mon 1/9/12
Mon 1/23/12
Fri 2/10/12
Mon 2/13/12
Mon 2/20/12
Task 17: Implementations of Pilots and Communication
273 days
1. Facilitate and assist BLHD Province, Districts and Municipal to develop indicators
22 days
2. Distribution of grants to organizations who have been selected to implement pilot
11 days
3. Implementation of pilots by the selected organizations
240 days
4. Facilitate and assist District or Municipal BLHDs to develop synergy of communit 240 days
5. Conduct monitoring and evaluations
96 days
6. Develop working report to document lesson learnt from the pilots
63 days
Working Report 11
0 days
Wed 2/22/12
Wed 2/22/12
Mon 3/19/12
Mon 4/2/12
Mon 4/9/12
Mon 4/23/12
Mon 11/5/12
Mon 2/11/13
Fri 3/8/13
Thu 3/22/12
Mon 4/2/12
Fri 3/1/13
Fri 3/8/13
Fri 3/8/13
Wed 1/30/13
Mon 2/11/13
Task 18: Communication & Awareness Rising
105 days
1. RTD 14 with MoE and BLHD to discuss activities under TA ADB for developing c
24 days
2. Develop communication medias (e.g. brochures, leaflet, documenter films, talk s
60 days
3. Develop working report to document lesson learnt from communication & awaren
14 days
Working Report 12
0 days
Tue 9/25/12
Tue 9/25/12
Mon 10/29/12
Mon 1/21/13
Mon 2/18/13
Mon 2/18/13
Fri 10/26/12
Fri 1/18/13
Thu 2/7/13
Mon 2/18/13
Mon 6/18/12
Tue 5/7/13
Output 6: Project Documents for accessing international supports
Task 19: Conduct Workshop-5 on funding opportunities for CC project
1. RTD 15 with MoE & BPLHD to develop agenda for the workshop
Working Report 13
2. Facilitate and assist BPLHD to organize Workshop
3. Conduct the workshop
Workshop 5
Workshop 5 Report
Task 20: Conduct Training 4 on ‘Project Proposal Development’
1. Develop training curriculum & modules for the training
Training 4 Manual
2. RTD 16 with KLH & BPLHD to discuss potential participants for the training
Date: Wed 10/5/11
232 days?
171 days
125 days
0 days
63 days
57 days
0 days
0 days
62 days
30 days
0 days
35 days
2011
2012
2013
11/7
Mon 7/2/12
Mon 2/25/13
Mon 7/2/12
Fri 12/21/12
Mon 2/25/13
Mon 2/25/13
Mon 7/23/12 Wed 10/17/12
Thu 10/18/12
Fri 1/4/13
Mon 1/14/13
Mon 1/14/13
Mon 1/21/13
Mon 1/21/13
Fri 12/14/12
Fri 12/14/12
Mon 2/4/13
Mon 12/24/12
Mon 3/11/13
Thu 1/24/13
Mon 2/4/13
Fri 2/8/13
Task
Milestone
External Tasks
Split
Summary
External Milestone
Progress
Project Summary
Deadline
Page 4
ID
181
182
183
184
185
Task Name
Duration
Finish
0 days
29 days
0 days
0 days
Mon 2/18/13
Tue 1/15/13
Mon 3/4/13
Mon 3/11/13
Mon 2/18/13
Fri 2/22/13
Mon 3/4/13
Mon 3/11/13
46 days
25 days
0 days
21 days
30 days
Tue 2/5/13
Tue 2/5/13
Mon 3/25/13
Tue 3/12/13
Fri 3/1/13
Tue 4/9/13
Mon 3/11/13
Mon 3/25/13
Tue 4/9/13
Thu 4/11/13
Mid-Term national Workshop
0 days
1 day?
Mon 4/15/13
Mon 6/18/12
Mon 4/15/13
Mon 6/18/12
192
0 days
Fri 3/8/13
Fri 3/8/13
193
0 days
Tue 5/7/13
Tue 5/7/13
186
187
188
189
190
191
RTD-16
3. Conduct the Training 4 by BPLHD
Training 4
Training 4 Report
Start
Task 21: Develop project proposals for external funding: JD
1. Facilitate and assist the stakeholders that are interested in developing project pro
Project Documents
2. Assist MOE & BPLHD in facilitating the stakeholder to get external funding for the
Task 22: Produce Working Report to document the process
Working Report 14
Date: Wed 10/5/11
2011
2012
2013
Task
Milestone
External Tasks
Split
Summary
External Milestone
Progress
Project Summary
Deadline
Page 5
Annex 4
Revised Budget Plans
Budget Plan Summary
Pilot
Equipment
Others/
Contigency
No.
Name
1
Output 1: Working paper on climate change
adaptation and mitigation assessments in CRB
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.00
0.3%
3
Task 2: Develop common understanding among
stakeholders
0.00
3.00
3.00
0.00
0.00
9.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.00
1.2%
4
Task 3: Assessment of current vulnerabilities of
human communities to Climate Change
10.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
30.00
50.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
90.00
7.3%
5
Task 4: Assessment of current and future climate
risk on ecosystem
10.00
2.00
6.50
1.00
0.00
25.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
44.50
3.6%
6
Task 5: Preparation of Working Paper on CCAM
Assessments in CRB
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
5.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.00
0.6%
7
Output 2: Two operational guidelines for
mainstreaming climate change concerns in the
IWRM
8
Task 6: Operational Guideline for Integrating
climate change concerns in water resources
planning for the CRB
0.00
1.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
8.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.00
1.2%
9
Task 7: Operational Guideline for Climate-proofing
water infrastructure investments for the CRB
0.00
2.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
14.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18.00
1.7%
RTD
Workshop
Consultation
Training
Baseline Survey/
Studies
Page 1
Mitigation
Adaptation
Total
%
Sum
Sum (%)
158.50
12.5%
29.00
2.3%
Budget Plan Summary
Pilot
No.
Name
Equipment
Training
RTD
Workshop
Consultation
Baseline Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Adaptation
Others/
Contigency
Total
%
10
Output 3: Working Paper 2 on Strategic
framework for enhancing water management
systems in CRB
11
Task 8: Defining appropriate institution
arrangement for enhancing water management
systems in CRB
0.00
3.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.00
0.9%
12
Task 9: Developing Strategy and key programs
for improving watershed management in CRB
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.00
26.00
0.9%
13
Task 10: Developing strategic approach for
community empowerment and communication
outreach
0.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
4.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.00
12.00
0.8%
14
Task 11: Producing Working Paper 2 on the
strategic framework
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
4.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.00
0.5%
15
Task 11A: Conducting Workshop 2 on Strategic
Framework
0.00
0.00
6.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.50
0.5%
16
Output 4: CRB Specific Action Plans for mitigation
and adaptatio and capacity development
17
Task 12: Conducting Training 3 on Mitigation and
Adaptation on Climate Change for local
governments & other stakeholders
10.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
30.00
15.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
56.00
5.5%
18
Task 13. Conducting Workshop 3 on Climate
Change Action Plans for Enhancing Water Resource
Management at CRB
0.00
0.00
6.50
0.00
0.00
20.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
26.50
2.8%
19
Task 14: Producing Working Paper 3 to document
the process of the development of CC action plan
in the 3 clusters
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
5.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.00
0.6%
Page 2
Sum
Sum in %
24.50
2.0%
88.50
7.0%
Budget Plan Summary
Pilot
Equipment
Others/
Contigency
No.
Name
20
Output 5: Climate change pilot activities
21
Task 15: Developing Criteria for site selection for
pilots
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.00
0.8%
22
Task 16: Selection of Site for Pilots
0.00
1.00
3.00
0.00
0.00
28.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
32.00
1.2%
23
Task 17: Implementations of Pilots and
Communication
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.00
250.00
500.00
0.00
765.00
58.4%
24
Task 18: Communication & Awareness Rising
15.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
35.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
51.00
4.0%
25
Output 6: Project Documents for accessing
international supports
26
Task 19: Conduct Workshop-5 on funding
opportunities for CC project
RTD
Workshop
Consultation
Training
Baseline Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Adaptation
Total
%
0.00
1.00
3.00
0.00
0.00
15.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.00
1.5%
27
Task 20: Conduct Training 4 on ‘Project Proposal
Development’
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.00
30.00
2.6%
28
Task 21: Develop project proposals for external
funding
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.00
1.6%
29
Task 22: Produce Working Report to document the
process
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.2%
30
Mid Term National Workshop
0.00
0.00
6.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.50
0.5%
31
0.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.00
0.8%
46.00
16.00
47.00
10.00
91.00
279.00
250.00
500.00
34.00
1,273.00
100.0%
Page 3
Sum
Sum in %
854.00
67.1%
80.50
6.3%
Detail Budget Plan
Equipment
ID
RTD
Workshop
Training
Consultation
Pilot
Baseline
Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Adaptation
Others/ Contigency
Total
Name
1 Task 0: Data Warehouse
0
Output 1: Working paper on climate change adaptation and
2 mitigation assessments in CRB
0
3 Task 1: Data Review and Baseline Analysis
Collect and review available data
4
Consultation with other packages and relevant stakeholders
related to the issues
6
Consultation for Spatial Plan
7
Consultation for Climate Modeling
8
Consultation for Water Infrastructure
9
10
11
12
13
14
2
0
1
0
0
1
Consultation with Other initiative (BP DAS, BKSDA,
Perhutani, IP/PLN,
Geothermal,
NGos) and climate
Consultation
for Policy
review, Institution
0
change program in 3 clusters (upper, middle and lower
catchment)
Consultation for Community Empowerment and
communication
0
0
0
0
Produce working reports related to the above issues.
Working Report 1
0
15 Task 2: Develop common understanding among stakeholders
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
1. Developing common understanding among stakeholders
RTD-1 for Citarum stakeholders
RTD-1
b. RTD-2 for Current and Planning Community based
initiatives for adaptation and mitigation activities
RTD-2
c. RTD-3 adaptation and mitigation initiatives by local
governments
RTD-3
d. Workshop 1 on ‘Climate Risk at CRB
0
2
1
3.0
1
3.0
1
3.0
3
0
4
0
0
4
0
4
3
0
Local Workshop on "Climate Risk at CRB"
0
0
2. Preparing Working Reports related to the point 1 of task 2
Working Report 2
Page1
Detail Budget Plan
Pilot
Equipment
ID
RTD
Workshop
Training
Consultation
Baseline
Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
30
31
32
1.Development of Methodologies for vulnerability assessment
2. Development of Village Typology
3. Training 1 on Vulnerability Assessment for Local
Government
Revision of Village Typology
Training 1 Report
34
35
4. Revision of the Guideline for defining village profile and HH
Vulnerability Assessment
5. Training 2: Training on the use of the guideline for HH
Vulnerability Assessment
Training 2 Report
36
6. Survey and Interview for collecting data for developing
Village Profile and HH Vulnerability Assessment
37
7. Analysis of data for vulnerability assessment
38
8. Developing Policy Brief 1 on current vulnerability of
community to climate impact
33
39
40
41
42
43
44
Others/ Contigency
Total
Name
Task 3: Assessment of current vulnerabilities of human
27 communities to Climate Change
28
29
Adaptation
0
0
0
5
15
20
0
0
0
15
5
15
0
45
45
5
10
0
0
Policy Brief 1
9. Preparing Technical Report-1 on ‘Current Vulnerability
Assessment at CRB'
Technical Report 1
Task 4: Assessment of current and future climate risk on
ecosystem
1. Preparing Data for modeling analysis
2. Development of Methodology
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
a. Current and future climate risk assessment
b. Climate modeling/Climate projection Scenarios, including
data requirements
47
48
c. Developing Land Use change scenarios
d. Hydrology simulation
5
5
0
e. Defining Climate proofing Infrastructure
5
5
45
49
50
3. Consultation on the methodology with Packages A TO D &
relevant stakeholders VIA 2 RTD
51
Working Report 3
52
4. Implementation of climate risk assessment
10
10
2
1
3
0
0
Page 2
Detail Budget Plan
Equipment
ID
RTD
Workshop
Training
Consultation
Pilot
Baseline
Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Adaptation
Others/ Contigency
Total
Name
53
a. Identification data gaps
54
b. Collecting and generating data for filling the gaps
55
c. Developing climate change and land use scenarios
0
10
10
5
5
56
5. Developing Policy Brief 2 on Assessment of current and
future climate risk
0
57
Policy Brief 2
0
58
6. Preparing Technical Report-2 on Assessment of current and
future climate risk
0
59
Technical Report 2
0
60
7. National Workshop 1 on Current and Future Climate Risk on
WRM at CRB
61
National Workshop 1
0
62
0
6.5
6.5
Task 5: Preparation of Working Paper on CCAM Assessments
63 in CRB
0
Working paper 1 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
64 Assessment in CRB
1
5
6
Output 2: Two operational guidelines for mainstreaming
65 climate change concerns in the IWRM
0
Task 6: Operational Guideline for Integrating climate change
66 concerns in water resources planning for the CRB
0
67
1. Preparing draft of operational guideline
68
2. Consultation with local governments to refine the guideline
and approach for mainstreaming CC in WRM
69
70
71
3. RTD 4 on Operational guideline on the use of the results of
climate risk assessment
RTD-4
Working Report 4
72
73
74
75
76
0
2
3
1
5
1
0
0
4. Facilitate the process and assist the local government for
integrating CC concern
5. Document the process implemented by the local
governments
Working Report 5
6. Finalize the operational guideline 1 on Integrating climate
change concerns
3
3
0
0
2
Page 3
2
0
Detail Budget Plan
Pilot
Equipment
ID
RTD
Workshop
Training
Consultation
Baseline
Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Total
0
1. Preparing draft of operational guideline on the use of the
results of climate risk assessment
77
78
2. Consultation with DGWR, Puslitair and relevant
stakeholders to refine the guideline
3. RTD 5 on Operational guideline on climate-proofing water
infrastructure
RTD-5
79
80
4. Finalize the operational guideline 2 on climate-proofing
water infrastructure investment
81
5. Get feedback from DGWR on the use of the guideline and
produce working report on the feedback
76
Others/ Contigency
Name
Task 7: Operational Guideline for Climate-proofing water
77 infrastructure investments for the CRB
75
Adaptation
2
5
5
3
5
2
2
0
3
3
0
3
3
Output 3: Working Paper 2 on Strategic framework for
82 enhancing water management systems in CRB
0
Task 8: Defining appropriate institution arrangement for
83 enhancing water management systems in CRB
0
84
85
86
87
88
89
1. Develop institutional framework for improving WRM in CRB
based on result of Task 1 and Task 2
2. Conduct RTDs (about three RTDs 6, 7 and 8) to define
appropriate institution arrangement
RTD-6-7-8
Working Report 6
3. Produce Draft of Technical Report 3 on Institutional
arrangement
Technical Report 3
0
3
9
0
0
Task 9: Developing Strategy and key programs for improving
90 watershed management in CRB
91
1. RTD 9 with related stakeholders for defining strategy and
identifying key climate change programs in the U/S
92
RTD-9
93
94
2. RTD 10 with related stakeholders for defining broad
strategy and identifying key climate change programs in the
M/S
RTD-10
12
0
0
0
1
3
4
0
1
3
4
0
Page 4
Detail Budget Plan
Pilot
Equipment
ID
RTD
Workshop
Training
Consultation
Baseline
Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Adaptation
Others/ Contigency
Total
95
Name
3. RTD 11 with related stakeholders for defining broad
strategy and identifying key climate change programs in the
D/S
96
97
RTD-11
Working Report 7
0
0
98
99
4. Produce draft of Technical Report 4 on Strategy and key
programs for adaptation and mitigation in three cluster U/S,
M/S, D/S
Technical Report 4
0
0
1
3
Task 10: Developing strategic approach for community
100 empowerment and communication outreach
101
104
105
4. Produce Draft of Technical Report 5 on strategic approach
for community empowerment and public outreach
102
103
0
1. Conduct RTDs with stakeholders in the three cluster (joint
discussion in the RTDs 9, 10 and 11)
2. Developing working report on strategic approach for
community empowerment and public outreach
Working Report 8
3. Consultation with related agencies at National, Provincial
and Local Levels
4
9
9
0
0
0
0
Technical Report 5: Strategic approach for community
empowerment and public outreach
106
Task 11: Producing Working Paper 2 on the strategic
107 framework
0
0
2
108 Working paper 2: the strategic framework
109 Task 11A: Conducting Workshop 2 on Strategic Framework
110 National Workshop 2
111 National Workshop 2 Report
6.5
4
6
0
6.5
0
Output 4: CRB Specific Action Plans for mitigation and
112 adaptation and capacity development
0
Task 12: Conducting Training 3 on Mitigation and Adaptation
on Climate Change for local governments & other
113 stakeholders
0
114
115
1. Conduct RTD 12 with MoE and BLHD to discuss training
curriculum, scope of training and methods
RTD-12
1
1
0
Page 5
Detail Budget Plan
Pilot
Equipment
RTD
Workshop
Training
Consultation
Baseline
Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Adaptation
Others/ Contigency
Total
ID
116
Working paper 3
Name
0
117
118
2. Develop manuals and training modules on climate change
mitigations and adaptation (All consultant team)
Training 3 manual
0
0
119
120
121
3. Implement training 3 Mitigation and Adaptation and
Development of Climate Change Action Plan) for
representatives from local government, NGOs and Private in
the three clusters (upper, middle and lower water catchments)
Training 3
Training 3 Report
122
4. Facilitate the training participants from the three clusters to
develop draft of climate change action plans for Enhancing
Water Resource Management at CRB taking into account the
results of Tasks 8, 9 and 10
7
30
3
37
0
0
15
Task 13. Conducting Workshop 3 on Climate Change Action
123 Plans for Enhancing Water Resource Management at CRB
18
0
124
1. Facilitate and assist BLHD to conduct coordination meetings
with the local governments and other stakeholders from 3
clusters
10
10
125
2. Facilitate and assist BLHD to socialize the climate change
action plan to parliament members
10
10
126
127
128
3. Conduct National Workshop 3 on climate change action
plans for enhancing water resource management at CRB)
National Workshop 3
129
Climate Change Action Plan by Stakeholders
6.5
6.5
0
0
0
Task 14: Producing Working Paper 3 to document the
process of the development of CC action plan in the 3
130 clusters
0
Working paper 4: The process of the development of CC action
131 plan in the 3 cluster
1
5
6
0
132 Output 5: Climate change pilot activities
0
133 Task 15: Developing Criteria for site selection for pilots
Page 6
Detail Budget Plan
Pilot
Equipment
ID
RTD
Workshop
Consultation
Training
Baseline
Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Adaptation
Others/ Contigency
Total
Name
134
1. Conduct further consultation with related stakeholders from
the 3 clusters
135
136
2. RTD 13 with BLHD and related stakeholders for refining
criteria for site selection for pilots
RTD-13
0
1
5
6
0
0
0
0
3. Produce working report on key criteria for site selection
137
Working Report 9
138
139 Task 16: Selection of Site for Pilots
140
1. In consultation with MoE and BLHD Province develop list of
potential sites in the U/S, M/S, D/S for pilots
141
2. Multi-stakeholder Process at District Level
142
3. Facilitate local stakeholders in prioritizing and designing
mitigations and adaptation pilots
143
144
4. Developing proposal for pilots and project documents
5. Send Proposal to BLHD
145
6. Facilitate and assist BLHD to organize process of selecting
sites for pilots (3 for adaptations and 2 for mitigations)
3
3
146
7. Facilitate and assist BLHD to do Pilots Proposal Evaluation
and Selection including site visit to potential sites for pilot
3
3
147
8. Selection of 10 best proposal and site visit for verification by
Team under coordination of BLHD
148
9. Conduct Workshop 4 on Potential CC Pilots
149
150
151
152
153
Workshop 4 and announcement of 5 grantees by BLHD West
Java
Workshop 4 Report
10. Conduct RTD with BLHD
RTD-14
Working Report 10
3
3
16
16
3
3
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
1
0
0
1
Page 7
Detail Budget Plan
Pilot
Equipment
ID
RTD
Workshop
Consultation
Training
Baseline
Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Adaptation
155
1. Facilitate and assist BLHD Province, Districts and Municipal
to develop indicators for monitoring and evaluation of the pilots
156
2. Distribution of grants to organizations who have been
selected to implement pilots
157
3. Implementation of pilots by the selected organizations
160
161
Total
Name
0
154 Task 17: Implementations of Pilots and Communication
158
159
Others/ Contigency
0
0
250
4. Facilitate and assist District or Municipal BLHDs to develop
synergy of community empowerment programs from SKPD with
the pilots
5. Conduct monitoring and evaluations
6. Develop working report to document lesson learnt from the
pilots
Working Report 11
15
163
164
2. Develop communication medias (e.g. brochures, leaflet,
documenter films, talk show, field day etc)
165
166
3. Develop working report to document lesson learnt from
communication & awareness rising activities
Working Report 12
Output 6: Project Documents for accessing international
167 supports
Task 19: Conduct Workshop-5 on funding opportunities for
168 CC project
1. RTD 15 with MoE & BPLHD to develop agenda for the
workshop
169
Working Report 13
170
171
2. Facilitate and assist BPLHD to organize Workshop
172
173
174
3. Conduct Workshop 5: Funding Opportunities for CC Project
Workshop 5
Workshop 5 Report
750
0
15
0
0
0
162 Task 18: Communication & Awareness Rising
1. RTD 14 with MoE and BLHD to discuss activities under TA
ADB for developing communication media
500
1
1
15
35
50
0
0
0
0
1
3
Page 8
3
4
0
12
12
3
0
0
Detail Budget Plan
Pilot
Equipment
ID
RTD
Workshop
Consultation
Training
Baseline
Survey/
Studies
Mitigation
Adaptation
Others/ Contigency
Name
Task 20: Conduct Training 4 on ‘Project Proposal
178 Development’
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
Total
0
0
0
1. Develop training curriculum & modules for the training
Training 4 Manual
2. RTD 16 with KLH & BPLHD to discuss potential participants
for the training
RTD-16
3. Conduct the Training 4 by BPLHD
Training 4
Training 4 Report
1
3
4
0
30
0
0
30
0
178 Task 21: Develop project proposals for external funding
179
180
1. Facilitate and assist the stakeholders that are interested in
developing project proposals
Project Documents
181
2. Assist MOE & BPLHD in facilitating the stakeholder to get
external funding for the project proposals
182
183
184
185
186
Task 22: Produce Working Report to document the process
Working Report 14
Mid Term National Workshop
10
10
0
5
5
0
0
6.5
10
0
6.5
10
45
20
45
Page 9
10
90
300
250
500
0
1260
Annex 5
Climate Change Government Readiness
Assessment
ANNEX 5: CLIMATE CHANGE GOVERNMENT READINESS ASSESSMENT
A. THE QUESTIONNAIRE
Section A: Respondent Information
1. Name
: ………………………………………………..
2. Organization/Institutions
: ………………………………………………..
3. Position
: ………………………………………………..
4. Local Government (District / City) : ………………………………………………..
5. Experiences
: ……………………………………… (years)
6. Education
: ………………………………………
(Diploma) field ..........................................................................................(grad. year.......)
(B,Sc) field …......................................................................................................................
(M,Sc ) field …....................................................................................................................
(Ph.D) field …......................................................................................................................
Training …………………………………………….................................................................
7. English language capability
Very Good
Good
Medium
Fairly
Sections B: Policy, Program and Institutional System for mainstreaming Issues on Climate Change in
Development Planning
1. Do you have known about the policies/programs at national /provincial level related to climate change
issues? Yes / No
2. If Yes, what you have known about?
REDD National Strategy (Stranas REDD)
National Action Plan to cope with Climate Change (RAN PI)
Sector Road Map to Address Climate Change (Sectoral Roadmap)
The National Action Plan for the reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions (RAN GRK)
West Java Province Green Growth Strategies
The Climate programs (Proklim) provinces
Others (please specify)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………......………………………………………………………
3. Is there already any programs, or a strategy or activity that has been or being carried out by local
government district (sector) which supporting national/provincial policy for coping with climate change
problem? YES / NO (If No proceed directly to question number 5)
4. If YES, what forms of the program or the strategy or the activities are referred to?
Designing green growth strategic planning
Designing programs for the greenhouse gas emissions reduction
Conducting the community empowerment programs to cope with extreme climate events (drought,
or floods)
Conducting public awareness programs related to the climate change issues
Others (please specify)…………………………………………………………………
5. If NO, is there any planning to design programs or regional development strategy which coping with the
climate change issues in it? YES / NO
6. For the time being, is there any Working Groups (WG) or Task Force (Task Force) or institution
established or assigned by the local government for mainstreaming climate change issues into regional
development plans in line with national/provincial policy above? YES / NO (if not directly to number 10)
7. If YES, what is the name of Working Group / Task Force
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
1
October 2011
8. Do members of Working Group / Task Force represent by all sectors or involving multi-stakeholder?
YES / NO
9. How many members of the Working Group / Task Force? ………… persons
10. If NOT is there any the plan to create Working Group or Task Force? YES / NO
11. If there is no plan to create Working Group or Task Force, will there be an institution that is appointed or
assigned by the local government to assist in mainstreaming climate change issues into regional
development plans?
Sections C: Capacity Building for Climate Change Problem handling
1. According to your assessments, are knowledge and understanding of local government staff/office coping
with current climate change sufficient to mainstreaming climate change issues into development
planning? YES / NO
2.
What do you think the most urgent requirements for local government to mainstreaming climate change
issue in designing plans or programs for regional development?
Assessment on sector mitigation potentials that can be used as bases on emissions reduction
strategies in the region
Review on diversity and climate change risk (vulnerability and impacts the climate change) in each
sector which can be used as basis in formulating strategy or the development program resistant
(resilience), or adaptive to climate change.
Implementation of pilot activities or a pilot program for the mitigation and adaptation to climate
change.
Designing the instruments or tools that can be used to assist in mainstreaming climate change issues
in designing development plans
Conducting mitigation and adaptation training to climate change and development of investment plans
resilient to climate change for the local government staff / service related.
Others (please specify) ............................................................................................
3.
If the training activities on climate change are needed, what is three training activities which you think
should be prioritized from the list below? (You can add your own other training activities if you cannot
found it in the list)
Climate Change Mitigation Training
Methods to determine GHG emission baseline
Assessment of mitigation potential sectors and mitigation options
Methods for prioritizing mitigation options
Preparation of Project Proposal for Climate Change Mitigation
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………
Climate Change Adaptation Training
Analysis Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change
Climate Risk Assessment of current and future
Analysis of costs and benefits of adaptation options
Methods to prioritize adaptation options
Preparation of project proposals for climate change adaptation
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………
4. Is there any agency or local government partners who helped conduct a study on climate change or who
can help to mainstreaming climate change issues into regional development plans? YES / NO
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
2
October 2011
5. If YES, what is the name of the partner institution?
Universities in the region
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(Non Governmental Organization)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Others (please specify)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Section D: Project Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
1. In your working region, are there any activities related to climate change adaptation and mitigation being
implemented? YES / NO (If NO skip to Number 3)
2. If YES, please specify the activities that you think is important to serve as a learning activity to cope with
climate change, especially related to the sector of waste / renewable energy (for mitigation), and
agriculture / forestry and water resource management (for adaptation), where and who is implementing
these activities ?
Adaptation
Forms of activity No.1: ……………………………………………………………......
Location
…………………………………………………………………………….
Implementer …………………………………………………………………………….
Funding Source:
District/State Budget,
private,
NGO
Forms of activity No. 2: …………………………………………………………………
Location
………………………………………………………………………………
Implementer……………………………………………………………………………….
Funding Source:
private,
NGO
Forms of activity No.3:…………………………………………………………………..
Location
………………………………………………………………………………
Implementer……………………………………………………………………………….
Funding Source:
private,
NGO
Mitigation
Forms of activity No. 1: ………………………………………………………………....
Location
…………………………………………………………………………….
Implementer ……………………………………………………………………….........
Funding Source :
District/State,
private,
NGO
Forms of activity No. 2: …………………………………………………………………..
Location …………………………………………………………………………………
Implementer………………………………………………………………………………..
Funding Source :
District/State,
private,
NGO
Forms of activity No. 3:…………………………………………………………………...
Location
……………………………………………………………………………....
Implementer…………………………………………………………………………….....
Funding Source:
District/State,
private,
NGO
3. If NO, what are two or three pilot activities to climate change mitigation and adaptation that you think
should be prioritized and where the proposed implementation
Mitigation (waste and renewable energy sector):
Forms of activity No. 1: ……………………………….………………………………….......
Proposed Location of the implementation of (sub-district or village):……………………
The reason for selecting these locations: ……………………………………………….....
………………………………………………………………………………………………......
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
3
October 2011
Forms of activity No. 2: ……………………………….………………………………….......
Proposed Location of the implementation of (sub-district or village):……………………
The reason for selecting these locations: ……………………………………………….....
……………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Forms of activity No. 3: ……………………………….…………………………………......
Proposed Location of the implementation of (sub-district or village:……………………
The reason for selecting these locations: ………………………………………………....
……………………………………………………………………………………………........
Adaptation (for agriculture / forestry and water resource management):
Forms of activity No. 1: ……………………………….………………………………….....
Proposed Location of the implementation of (sub-district or village) :………………...
The reason for selecting these locations: ………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Forms of activity No. 2: ……………………………….…………………………………...
Proposed Location of the implementation of (sub-district or village) :…………………
The reason for selecting these locations: ………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Forms of activity No. 3: ……………………………….…………………………………...
Proposed Location of the implementation of (sub-district or village) :…………………
The reason for selecting these locations: ………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
4
October 2011
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
5
October 2011
B
RESPONDENTS
No.
Respondent
1
2
Organisation
Bappeda
BPLH
3
Name
Iwan Sobarna
Drs. Wawan Suryawan, M.Si
Eddy Sofyan D/Wawa
Sungkawa
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Dyah Ajuni L
Agus Purwanto
Wawan Setiawan
Siti Asyaroh
Siti Hodijah
Agus Supanji
Jimmi Daud
H. Teten Rahlan
Agus Hermawan
Syinta Juwita
H. Aris Permono S.Sos, M.Si
Denis Eriska
Andik Hendro
Siti M. Ekawati, S.E
Nina
Doni Tirto Kusumo
Indra Purnama
Aep Surahman
Endah Yuniastuti
Bappeda
BLH
Dis Kebersihan
Bappeda
BPLH
KLH
BLH
KLH
BPLH
BPLH
KLH
BLH
Bappeda
Bappeda
Bappeda
BPLH
BPLH
KLH
BLH
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
BPLH
Section
Adm. Negara
Teknik tanah &air
Environmental & Infrastructure
Planning
Hukum
Lingkungan
Planologi
Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air
Analis Kimia
Teknik Manajemen Industri
Hukum Keperdataan
Pemerintahan
Hubungan Internasional
Planologi
Teknik Lingkungan
Lingkungan
Biologi
5
Goverment
Purwakarta
Ciamis
Length of Service
(years)
1
25
Bandung
11
Cimahi
Sumedang
Banjar
Sumedang
Kota Bandung
Kota Sukabumi
Kab. Subang
Kota Tasikmalaya
Kota Bekasi
Kota Bogor
Kota Cimahi
Kab. Sukabumi
Majalengka
Kab. Garut
Kab. Ciamis
Kab. Garut
Kab. Garut
Kab. Indramayu
Kab. Purwakarta
9
3
6
13
2
18
20
8
22
12
2
1
12
11
5
19
11
October 2011
Annex 6
Stakeholder Consultation Meetings Held
by Package E during the Inception Phase
ANNEX 6: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION MEETINGS HELD BY PACKAGE E DURING THE
INCEPTION PHASE
1. Meeting with MOE staff on 14 February 2011 in MOE Office Jakarta discussing office
preparation, flow of work, stake holder consultations. (Minutes and list of attendances available)
2. Meeting with MOE staff on 21 February 2011 in Park Lane Hotel, discussing: preparation of
Socialization and introduction of Package E to stakeholders.
3. Socialization and introduction of Package E Meeting on 22 February 2011 in Banana Inn,
Bandung. (Minutes and list of attendances available)
4. Meeting of Package D on 2 March 2011 in PJT II office in Bandung, introducing package E to
stakeholder. (Invitation available)
5. Consultative Meeting with BPLHD Head and staffs on 4 March 2011 in BPLHD West Java Office
in Bandung. (Minutes available).
6. Preparation of Inception Report Meeting with all Package E specialists on 7-10 March 2011 in
CCROM, Bogor.
7. BBWS Citarum multi-stakeholder consultation meeting on 14 March 2011 in Bandung.
8. Consultative meeting with Bappeda and LH districts in West Java on 21-22 March 2011 in Garut.
(List of attendance and questionnaire available)
9. Meeting with MOE staff on 25 March 2011 in Park Hotel, Jakarta, discussing: preparation of
Inception Workshop for Package E. (List of attendances available).
10. Meeting with MOE staff on 30 March 2011in Botani Square, Bogor, discussing: preparation of
Inception Workshop for Package E.
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
1
October 2011
Annex 7
Summary of Report from the Workshop
Sessions during the Inception Workshop
19 April 2011
ANNEX 7: SUMMARY OF REPORTS FROM WRKSHOP SESSIONS DURING THE INCEPTION
WORKSHOP APRIL 19 2011
Working Group 1: Mainstreaming Climate Change
Facilitator: Tulus Sibuea
We need separate between adaptation and mitigation in facing water resources crisis in CRB.
Arrange for real action by capacity development and training to multi stakeholder even operational
level, government and private including with legislators.
Working Group 2: Institutional Issues and Capacity Building
Facilitator: Djuara Lubis.
Weak coordination between sectors in planning and implementations
Operational cost is very limited.
Law enforcement is not powerful
Improvement cooperation inter sector (horizontal and vertical line).
Good cooperation between government, NGO and communities
Pilot is not enough at community level but even in village level.
Education institutions involvement
Know how and knowledge training for government and village apparatus
Training for law enforcement
Satpol PP need to train for climate change
Awareness improvement by grass root level in all villages at CRB.
Working Group 3: Climate Modelling and Impacts
Facilitator: Prof Rizaldi Boer:
Climate modeling is started to do climate change model as per regional and running to progress
Validates data is main problem
Need further RTD between ADB and the other parties so for temporary the conclusion is none.
Working Group 4: Pilot Projects (Adaptation and Mitigation)
Facilitator: Rohmadi Ridlo
Need to consider integrated pilot project designs
Need a new innovative for mitigation pilot (not biogas and municipal waste only or the same with
existence pilot).
Need information access from BMKG related with sustainability agricultural system.
Need the adaptation pilot : water infrastructure which is resistance to climate change
Key factor to make the pilot has succeeded: community income, education, training, socialization,
equipment aid.
Give incentive for farmers to change the culture
Suggest pilot at sub south Bandung watershed.
Pilot project is integrated with the others
Revitalization of Cikapundung river is done
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
1
October 2011

Final Inception Report

Transcription

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