Atlantica January 1932 - Italic Institute of America

The Home Hotel
of New York
Homelike in service,
appointments and
location
IF
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Dtr
away
from noise and congestion, yet but a
few minutes f rom
Times Square
garage facilities for
i\OBILI
tourists.
CIGARS
Home folks will
like this hotel
You Won't Be Satisfied With Others
BRETTON HALL
BROADWAY at 86th
DB NOBILT CIGAR CO.
Long Island City, N. Y.
ST.
YORK:
-NEW
BANCA COMMERCIALE ITALIANA
TRUST COMPANY
lJew York
Offices:
. CENTRAL OFFICE,62.64 WILLIAM ST.
339 SIXTH AVE" AT 4TH ST. ZI2 COLUMBIA ST., B'KLYN.
114 MULBERRY STREET
5OTH
& VERNON
AVES., L.
I. CITY
116TH STREET AT SECOND AVENUE
AI:LANTICA, Vol, XII, N0,6, Januarg, 1932. Published Monthlg b5 F. Cassola. Entcred as Second Class Mttcr dt the post Off.ce at
Stroudsburg, Pa., nnder the Act of March 3, 1879. Copyright 1932,
East
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FIiiitIllrln
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Single Rooms .
Double Rooms
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. frorn
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ll
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HOTEL PREITDENTE
HAVANA
C
UBA
-T
ATLANTICA'S
ITALIAN OR ITALO-AMERICAN?
The
OBSERVATORY
pr-o1.rlem,
rvithout a doubt, is
Sert,rce that therc are no less than
129 oi these pLrblications printecl in
u'hich faces every Italian asso(- Of IPL-\I\T hes been ire- one
ciation
during the 1-ieyde1,
\-,/ cluentll' voiceJ Lhat Italiarr of ltalianformed
irlmigration. If no
in this country, in the vast
majority of cases, reflect exclusively the intelests and viervpoints of
the older Italians, those born irr
Italy. They do not realize suf irciently that their day is passing,
and that their place ivill have to be
taken, if at all, by their sons, the
).ounger generation of educate<1
Italo-Americans I'ho rvill, other'$'ise, move into other channeis.
Very signiircant, therefore, \i\:as
an editorial by I" C. Falbo, editor of
"11 Progresso" olt t\crr, \tcrk, in thc
Dec. 6th issue of that Italian dailv.
After revier,r.ing briefly the so1ih,
f oundatronal rvorli done b1' thsss
societies
clubs, associations and mutual bene-
fit
societies
of a purely ltalian
stamp, he adds:
MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR
add, immediatel,v after, that it is
time to occupy ourselves a little
more attentivell' y'i1fu the younger
ones, ollr younger ones, tvho constitute the )'ollnger generations of the
Italians in America.
"Let them learn,
in the schools,
the Italian language. in addition to
the national tongue, let them frequent Italian gathelings; let them
rise as tutors of Italo-American
f riendship ancl goocl rvill; let them
show themselves, as a group, to
be rvorthl.citizens of the United
States and r,orthy descendants of
the glorious race to rvhich u'orld
civilization o\\:es so much; and they
rviil then be the most vigorous defenders of both themselves and of
our immigrant comrlulrit.y. "
After taking note of the many
cxisting clubs ancl associations of
an Italo-American, as differen-
tiated from an Italian character,
the lvriter points to a ner,v movement begun in the Order' Sons of
Italy for the creation of junior
lodges to supplement the lodges of
the older members. This initiative,
sDonsored b_v Attorney Stefano
X iele in the Grancl Loclge of the
Order Ficlli d'Italid in Neu' York,
is sorirething he sals lhat shoulr! be
followed by othei orders and in
other States, and b_rr other associations as rvell.
Pennsylvania.
Italian
sar.rhe
1
1. The
f
ervest
1le\rspapers are in the
Southern States, l-here the nurnber
of I taliaus is nor high.
.Thesc- papers, aril uthers printSg
.
rn I oreign iangLrages irr
rhe
Llnited States, are futtiling a valuable need. -\ s SerraLor fa,r.,es l.
Davis sa1's in a recenr arriile pr.irri-
ed in "L'L'niorre'' of Pirisbrrrgir,
"Th. . foleign larrguage p,..r, oblairrs irs tight to exist- and a guar.:rrrtcc. oi its rights in the verl.-Corr_
FOR
PEACE
,. f T-\LY is todav tlrc rrrust
i: surpri:ing. to
lcasr. ln \en \'rrk Statc ilone,
for examplc, there are 36, and in
of this kind is taken, they are bound
to lose gradually their influence
ani strength. But by modifying
their organizations, by devoting
more attention to the generation
that is to iollon them, both individua1ly and as a group, their entities
as societies u'i1l continue, though,
of course, t'ith ner,v blood running
th|ough tht. sarnc vcins.
inr-
stitrrrion oi ihis counrry. a,rd ilre pa.
I po'-rant faclor ior peace in tht. pers
and periodicals published hire
n orld." Tlris str-i1<irrg statemeut
stands out from the speech recent- in other tongues than Engiish are
1y deliverecl by James G. l\4cI)on- as muclr an irrtegral parr oi rhr
a1d, chairman
of the Foreign Pol-
"Let us render this tribute of icy '\ssociatioi.r, over the Nationai
recognition to the old associations
and to the o1d members. But let us
Tralialt,
step
Broadcasting Systern. Touching on
Grandi's r,ery cordial reception here
and on his return, he added:
"A close examination of Grandi's speeches in this country re-
veals the four major points in
Ital1"s foreign policl', oI ll,hich she
has made herself champion rvith
courageous frankrress
:
"1. Reduction of German repar-
ations.
'\rrerlcar prcss as anl-paner pLrb_
lished in the tongue "oi^tt-,. .irr-rtr)'.
. "\\iithor,rt these r-arious prrblications to translare the ,tir.., .i
\meri,'a irir,, rhe llrrguaqcs oi ou,.
Ile\\-e5T arrir r1.. titis iountr.r. u-ould
remain a collection of races un_
iinou-n to cach other. In spreaclin.g
-\merican historr-. ideas and ideal-i
alnolrg rhose ul-ro most neecl to
l.arn . rlrcse rhings. the ioreign
.[]rcS<
,. nlle ol the great
Anret.it.an_
"2. Revision of some of the ter- zlng i.trces \\-e poSSeSS. It is do_
ritorial arrangelxents as a result of lng a ntagnificent service to the
countr\- itself as well as to those
tl-re treaties of peace.
thousancls
of people newly arrivecl
"3. Guarantees of national secur- ()n
our snores.
ity, 1o be a result and not a condi'I ,l.orrhr ii ioreign languages rr.ill
tiorr ol disarnranrent.
e.r el drsappear from our prless.
"4. lmmediate and radical steps
cloubt if this tould be wiie or ad_
ton.ard reduction of armaments.
America is composecl of
"It is significant," continued llr. 1'!sable
120.666.669
people dranln f r.onr
McDonald, "that each of these
points is a defiance of some of the rrearll ever.1-country of the norld.
I hese people bring to us cultural
principles r,vhich France considers
rrfluences u-hich tend to errriclr
necessaflz.
"Grandi's speeches, u-hen they '\merican life"
are acclrrately anallzed. appear to
. "I think \\-e can, without rcser\-.1t'ou.
1r'ust our foreign larrgrrage
be rather like the inlocations of a
moralist and a pacifist, than the for- press to observe a policy it ai1
mal declarations of the Foreign iimes of 100 per ccnt Ameiic"nirrn.
Thel- carr interpret Anrerica not
Minister of a great nation."
only to their racials her.e on our
or.r.n soil, but to those of the same
SENATOR DAVIS ON THE
race rvho remain in the home counFOREIGN LANGUAGE PRESS
try. There still exists in certain
TT-\LIAI'I-AXIERICANS l<now countries a resentment against our
I vaguely that there are quite a rcstrictive irnmigration," for iu_
few Italian dailies and weeklies in stanc-e. The foreiqn Janguage press
this country, but to be told by the calr do much to dissipate ti'at nris_
Foreign I-anguage Inforrnation understanding. We 'instituted re_
r
I
242
ATLANTICA'S OBSERVATORY
..- -:-ie -ilnntlgratiorl not ior politr:- :,i:t tor economic reasons. Thar
. ','j'-:',','as nor the outgrowth of ant'
:
:ice asainst an)- race. \\-e
es-
. -'..-:red ri in fairncss to all. Trr
:ili-rr€ economic disaster in Amer-.r:. 1i-e dccreed that for the sake
- :l,-.se u'l-ro desired to come herc,
:. ',i-ell as for oLlr own sake, (na, '' - and ioreign born) tve could no,.
-:-:.lr- admit a greater number oi
:..ri:rs each Year- than our indrrs-
.:z-'- qlgaliTation could absor-b ancl
;..:.;,1]. ri'ith self -supportine jobs.
.ar :s ihe one reason behind re-.:..':ii-e
_inrmigration. I hope our
. ':=:qn langrrage press tvill at ail
:-..(s nrake rhis point clear to their
-:a.ler:. not only here, but back in
:: iancls of their origin. The best
",r:ges of the fairnesi of this atti-.:de of ours are the people rvho
r:"-g aiready immigr-ated here.
-':.r knorv fi.,m ,lire?t ;*p.,.i.;;
- our economic life hor,i, their orvn
:::urity here rvould be endangereci
,,
;,._had gone on adrnitting un'.:::red
numbers oi their various
.::a
lt-t.S.
' For
.ali the publications issued
".
i orelgn tolrglles among 11s I
'.':-.r rlre most slllrs1alil;al
sllccess,
;-nd I am sure that if euaranteerl
: .rn. they rvi11 tell their reaclet._.
. 1. trlle stor:v of Arnerica and painr
-'.:fi faithfrl
a....,.".y tt-re prlvi:ges and opportunitiei that aie so
:..lndant in American life.,,
'WHAT IS ITALY?''
HATEYER onc nra_r- rhint.
\Xf
YY
:
-.
oi Lhc contest
organize(l
:ne time ago by the Italian mag-
ziire "Tarrrbulino" for the
be"st
':rs\\'ers to the qr.restion: "\Vhat
is
. :ah .-" a contest irr rvhich some 12,"r,IJ Italians participated from all
ler the rvorld, it cannot be deniecl.
:,rat it has made the participants
:rink l.rard, to sLlm up the g-1ory,
:le culture, the arts and the iradi:e,ns
.\
of ltalr in one brief
phrase.
ferv oi the ans\vers arc perhaps
::rore note\\'orthy tharr the othe*:
Ttail is the conitant image of orrr
-us-
:reai .love, mother of
ati-;
ILaly is lhe corrntry rvhich. ii tal,-err
arlal f rom nre, T u-orrld die."
the author reaches the f ollorving
conclusions :
"Thc srrorrgest
none of t-hich rvas medical in char-
acter. of a ltnor,rdedge of medical
authors. ancl oi a lio\ver of describin3' and cliscussing meclical mat-
ters n'hich cor-rld har-dlv have beetr
acquired b), a layman, but might
have been obtained by a genius
slch as Dante, during a comparatirrel)' sholt peliod of application
under favolable circumstances. Ii
Dalte .r'i'ere not a practicing ph1.siciarr in the ordinary sense of the
rvolrl, and ir'lrc neier-roolr tht degree of Doctol of Nledicine at Bologna or elseu'here, he 1.g1 had a
\rrnrr ledgc oI the sul_rjt,ct u hicir
jrrqrifics us in dcscribini
111n1 25.
litelaq, man of the highest rank,
-,r-ith a not inconsiderable practicai
and theolctical l<norvledge bf meclicine. Ife u.as not a r-irddical man,
but a man u,ith a consicier.able fa-
miiiaritf in
N .interesting qrresrion indeet],
/I \ and one rvhich Professo::
medicine.,'
ON ITALY
RTIIT J{ BRI.SB.\NE,
IA\ shorr little thoughts orrllros-,
,.ui.rcnt events feature the Hearst papels daih', ha,l n glol,r.ing t'olumn
nl so oi nraise for Ital_r rrrr,l hc:.
gr-eat_men not long ago. lJeginnin3
ii'ith \'{arconi beca.use of his'?,nens.irtst" itrst :rt present. he \\ enl
sinrpll and hricfly through a list oi
.omc oi tlre rtorld fiqrrrcs tlrat har.+
rrrrde ltall'tiie crarlle of civilization inclced. Things.of this kincl,
BRISBANE
of course, have been done before;
there is no originality in it, but tl-it:
fact that so many millions mllsl
have read it, iends importance to
;r.
Palticuiarll' to the point g.as thc
notecl columnist's closir-rg para"graph
:
"Do not be one of the 'little, ignorant' -\mericans rr ho critici)e
Itah' alr,l hcr pcople because thcr.
J;rrou- noririn3 about them.',
PRAISE FOR
,,
WAS DANTE A PHYSICIAN?
proof rhat Dante
liad a real u orltirrg ae qrraintancc
u'ith rrredicine is srrppli",t bl-ttrc
evidencc contained in nis works,
ITALIAN EDUCATION
nne countr_v of Erirope- rrew order is'dcveloping rapidll-. Courses of studi.
have been rewritten, school organ"*and
izatiot't changed, neu' customs
IT \ltah--the
llario I'follari of Georgetown Uni lovalties plopagated, and 2 nsly nx.
r-ersitl' seeks to ansrvei in an arti- ',ional culture createcl almost
overrle in the Christmas Sunday
sup- night. \\rithin a militaristic frame-philaplement of "L'Opinione" of
rror-lt oi organization, disciplinc
,{eiphia. -\ f ter 'having revierved arrd Stare
conrrol, Italr- is ttouinn
-
certain knou,n facts coicerning the
immortal Italian poet and his t-imes,
forriard jo_r'ously. creativeiy to neril
standalds of living. nen. -national
213
ideals. neu- opportunities
lor
indi-
vidrrals and groups. Fascism re.og-
lLizes
nert i,ol entialit;es in chilclrerr,
arrd, u'irh tirc possible exceprion ,li
Russia. is dcreloping and cipitalizrng them as no otlter corrntrv is.,,
rvords oI prais,.
- These-glorring
lot
the ] talian educational s-vstcnr
come from Professor S. A. C;;tis of the ['niversitl-of ]Iichigarr.
ru'ho^r-ccerrL11
conrplcied a testin[ of
in hve Europ-ean
corrntrics. Although his 2,000,000
rlems of data orr their mental anrl
physical development are still to be
tabtlatcd, his inrpressions are quitc
definite. as indicited in his ariicle
in the Brrlletin of the ndichigal
School of Education. fr.om r,vh"ich
the abovc qrrotation is tal<en.
14.000 children
BENEDUCE HEADS YOUNG PLAN
EXPERTS
/.l.1H E irrtcrest
oi lralians in tht,
I actir iries at Basle of the spe_
cial advisorl- committee uuder the
Young Plan mceting to consider
(.ierman)''s_ aLiliry to pa)'
rcpara-
trons and short-terrn loans has been
enhanced this past rnonth. For tjrc
nrst trmc srnce the \-ar it rvas nol
an American t'ho u'as elected chair-
man of a committee investigatinu
leparations, but an Italian. Aibertij
J
]cn cdrrce.
-Signor Beneduce, fift1,-five years
.
nld.
is prrsident of scveral 'lar.r,:
Italian corpor-ations, dir-ec1or oF til',.
Brnca Cornnier.cialc Ttaliana anrl
head oi the ltalian Insiirrrte of
Public Works. He it \lras u,ho
helped draft the constitrrtion of thc
\\/orld Bank at Baden Raden trvir
trears ago, and he also served on
the committee of financial experls
headed bi' Albert H. Wiesin, thc
Nerr- Ynik_ banl<er. f .rt lfr-!,,ri.' "
The problem facing thc irlvisor,,,
corrrrniltee is one oi the most dif_
ficult .of _po-str,rrar tangles. Wh;i
ever is _ clecided upon at Basle, a
matter later to be takerr up by the
governmeuts concerned. it \+ill be
impossil,le to satisfy ali sidei conrpletely. It is no i*age",.ation to
_
say. uithout going inro the matter,
that tmportant rvorld history is hc_
ing made at Basle, rrnder the cha jr_
nranship of Signor Beneduce.
BARZINI WITH
"IL MATTINO''
T UIGI BARZINI. onc of tlic
l--.r most eminent of Italian jrlur._
nalists, rvho sailed across the sLa to
Nerv York after the rvar to founrl
the "Corriere d'America." a leadins
Ttalian daily in America of rvhicii
he remained editor
till itr-orr,r.i-
(Continued on poge 276)
Boolcs
TI{E ],OVE OF ],IARIO FERRARO.
Ry Johan, Ifigtt,ore Fubr.icitLs. Translated f rom the Dutch by lVinifred.
Kat,:irt. 148
!!. Neu Yorh.
and, Schuster.
Sintori
$2.50.
Reticrued, by Dino Ferrari
\ in Jar a in 1900, rhis
l oung Dutclr novelist, after
1,aint ing a scri.s o i n al picture s
on the Piave, soon abandoned the
brush for the typelr'.riter; and it is
thus, no cloubt, due to his earlier
devotiorr and practice of that visual
art that he often sces rvith the e1.e
of the painter and is thus able to
portray, among other vivid scenes
of cities, countrysicle, and people.
the clear blue sky and sea of Capri
u,ith its peaceful indolent life on
the one hand, and the dark, sultrt.
atmosphere and ominous sounds of
the Brazilian and Alto-Paraguaian
jungle on the other, rvith equal
sureness and faithfulness.
This latest novel of his is a u'e11r,vritten tale of a hopeless love,
horror, and tragedy. In this broad
canvas, \',Ir. Fabricius has packed
away enough picturesque elements
of beauty and coarseness, of brutal
appetites and tenclerness, of ph1'sical courage and moral corvarclice,
of se:r, jr"rngle, and adventure. to
I)
l)
OI{
In Reuiew
disgraced \\'oInan, pregnant u-ith
another man's child-though this
deception and insult. Nlario, in his
boundless 1ove, f orgar,e her; his
humiliatior-r and rnoral degraclatior.r
because oi her fr,rr-ther scancialous
inficlelitics; and, preceded b1' a tcrrible nightmare of mental horror
and torture, his final tragic death,
lr-ith the image of his unu-orthl bc
loved graveci. in his heart. It is a
sad story of sr,rlleling and sorrou-.
in lr'hich, mercifullr-. at least for'
the rcacler, the autl-ror has leavened
thq sad lot oi thrse pool peoplc
ith lcindly i"orn- and lrurnorrr.
But, as a piece of fiction, it re-
rr
mains none the less. a tragic ta1e.
Follon-irrg nlole or less llong tra-
ditional patterns. ]-et rvith just
enough psl.chological reflection on
their part, t1-re cl.raracters arc revealed chieflr' through their action
rather than thlough endless (and
sometimes lroring- ) internal analysis
or bv tlre arrllror's rurning com-
rrentarr-. The pace of the narrative is srriIt ar.rc1 srrre, r-ising and
falling to sLrit tl-re tempo to the
mood. And if the course of events
and tl're action of the characters
seerts, at times, f orced, yet it is b.,,
r irtue oi the rr:rplcdictalrle lhat our
in the de-
have delighted the iate Joseph Conrad or to please even the most avid
taste for the exotic and the active.
lieen unflagging interest
ruthless realism and
BEAT'ElI OR .lOIli 'El,t. Rt Cletneut
G. Lanni. lll trst,,t!ed. -l.r-b pagcs
Brrt there is also a great deal oi
gentrinc
pathos.
Space does not permit tts to indicate even the barest outline and
multitudinous characters appearing
during the course of its develoPment. lTor'r'ever, briefly stated, as
the title implies, the story centers
mainlr, on the hopeless and foolish
love of \',Iario. a handsome but
emotionally unrestrained Caprise
lad, for the beautiful but
unre-
sponsive and contemptuous Giulietta, of the same island; Mario's attempted murder of her favored
"tedesco" (Norwegian Lover) and
his subsequent flight, as a stor'vawa.v,
to South America; his good fortune
and reward, while in transit, in saving a rich little English girl who fell
overboard; his unwise and ungrateful desertion of the one gir'l (a sad
Russian prostitute) who tr.uly
loved and bef riended him in his direst need; his pathetic marriage to
Giulietta rvhom he sent for and
rvho came to him a betrayed and
noueme
nt of the storv is
maintained.
Roclte.rter:
chielly
successf
ster Atliance Piess.
$3.
M
r I,U:|
"".i,'i:" r',of; *i
weelily
+'
of Rochester, antl its vigorous, outspoiien editorials everrrr eck. the pro'111r.'1 oi lris iacilr. i'cl
trenchant pen, are plobablv ihe
paper's outstanding f eatr,ire. He
does not, apparentll:. profess to be
a vapid idealist; in fact, his strong
sense of realism is u'hat first
strikes the readcr of his editorials
or his book.
Four years eBo,
Rochester,
r,vhich up to that time had been governed b1- the boss s\stem uhich is
the ruie in the United States, be-
came stirred b1' a reform nlovement, r,hich advocated admistration r'vith less partisanship, iess attention to spoils, and more business-1ike methods. Through the
backing of George Eastman. of
Kodak fame, this movement u,as
214
thr:
recovering lost ground, and at the
last election thel' defeated the rei.ormers decisively.
"Beat 'E,m or Join 'E,m' is the
'inside' storl' of this city lnanager
movement in Rochester, a storrlr-hich deals not u'ith thcory or
government structure, but l ith
actual people rvho have played
parts in it, including thc iuthor
f, uhu pelsonalll' linorvs
of the character-s mentioneil.
himsel
most
In vivid, energetic and straightforu-ard style, the author tel1s thc
story of the corr,flicting interests
anrI opinions involved. lt is, oi
collrse, loca1 in rlost of its detail.
but i1.s appeal to non-Rochesterites iies in the fact that thesc behind-the-scenes activities have
llrcir counterpart in thcir ori.n crrnrmunities as u'e]1.
Quite franlily tl-re author admiis
he is a partisan, but aclds that he
has tried to be fair to those rvhose
viervs clo not coincide rvith his. He
is all f nl part_r' polirics arr,l belicr es that horrcsr. rrpright lncn .dll
be clected to oiilce through parties.
4r
lot a sanrple of his viewpoint,
the follou-ing u'ill cio as r,r,ell as any
other
Roc/te
ul in its appeal to
people, and it \\:on a city manager
t1'pe oi gor-ernment. But since that
time the Repr,rblicans har-e been
:
"Orre malenter politics rvith
-altruism
nothine but
incl iclealism,
it n-on't be long before he discovers, if he has only an average
mentalitr'. that it is costly to be too
altruisti,' xn,l roo consistent in politics. That desirable state of mind
should be confined only to the suc-
br,rt
ccssful business rnen ivho hai.c ri
surfeit of funds."
A11 in all. despite the local nature
of the book, it makes interesting
ancl instructive reading, and as i
case book of iocal American politics, too. it is quite valuable.
A
ITIN]ATURE HISTORY OF OP.
A. Scholes. 69 pages.
)'/er. )-olA: O.rf ord LIniLersitl,'piess.
F_R-1,_Ft .Percy
/ JC
W Ltfrltil'.
little book is "an
t
"r'"
iL'..;;";f
lJ
attempt to tai<e a
bird's-eye vierv of a \rast and confused tract of countrv." In briei
outline forrn. the author traces the
(Conthmecl on 1,oge 279)
ATTANTIIA
The Italian Monthly Review
Founded
in
1923
]932
CONTENTS FOR JANUARY,
SHnsrs
S/an Boors rn Irery
TrrB o'BnranA" ...
Srnxa or lun QuarrnocENTo:
'rhe Art of Simone Martini
Cor.oxrer Bar.rxcr'
.
.
Arnaldo Mussolini
247
Giuseppe prezzolini 2.lB
.....Clary Zannoni Chauvet 2SI
...
...
.
Arqroxro SeraNlne: Forger of Italy's
LovB Sorvc: Pincio
Destinies
Snncrrorvs FRoM THE I'rar,r,c.x Pnsss
Acnvrrrns or Socrnrrns ....
.
.
Fra'co Bruno Averardi
2s3
256
Fredericka Blankner 257
Prrrunn Vnrnrrrcl.rE
...".Eugene Clute 258
Fernnn Grusnppn Nfmra Frxorrr
. . . Edoardo Marolla 2Sg
Mnncon oN rHE Hrcn snes: The Italian Steamship Lines combine . . . . . . 261
rrelreN Fuunnel, a short story .
...Giuseppe cautela 268
268
27J
Tnlvpl Norns
275
,nn
Noras oN THE Dneu,l
Pnon. H. E. Bor,rorv, I(urcrrr Co\rn.c,lJnnR
Trrn Irarreru Genonu tn BerrruoRn , .
TuB IrerraNs rN TllE Uxrrrt Sr,lrEs
Fon Tuosn Wrro Rrel Ir.q,rrax:
oto
lto
oto
lto
.
Il Figlio
Il Giardino Italiano
280
.
C. Giorgieri_Conrri
. . ...Ugo Ojetti
Arl.q,urrc-a.'s Ossnnv,{rony . .
Boor<s rN REyrEw
Toprcs oF 'r'HE Moxru
ool
aoJ
.to,7
aot
41t I
244
. . . Rosario
Ingargiola
246
F. Ca.'ola. lf . l)-. E'liror _.\_ Prrblisler; Carla Bruro -A,\'erar,li. llanagirrg Editor : Dominick Larnonica.
-\.s:ocrate -tLl.r{or;^Uro\anr'i Sr.hravo. (-orirr.ihutjrrg Editor. Puhlislred,\l,ithlr.. Annual srrbscriptiorr, gJ.j0i
Single cotv J5c. . Editorial and General Offices. JJ West 70th Street, New Yblk City. Tetephotic fi"f"tg"i
7 1282.
1932, Al[ mdnu-scri|ts siould bc- t)'beuritt€n,- accompiryria-ilih return lostoge dnd,
oddrcsserl-Copvric!j.
to tlle Editor. No responsibility is assumed for-unsolicitecl -"""6c.ipti. --"
Copyrigltt 1932. No article or story in thi.s ntagosine can bc rct'rintcd vholly or itt part zt;itl'toul sfrcial ferntissiun.
t--
216
foreseen on that fateful and bleak
morning in the little storm-srvept
station at St. Johns, Nervf orrnd-
TOPICS oFTt-r E MOI'lTl-j
r)F.\II
land.
Bq lQororio l,'gongiolo
Five continents, linlied by mysterious and invisible \\raves, united
to honor the
CRANDI BEFORE THE ITALIAN SENATE
i-ItrN Dino Grandi, that
charming and dynamic
lvho recently visited our
countn. as Italy's Foreign N'Iinister,
appearecl before the Italian Senate
]-ol11rg man
last month to report upon
his
American voyage, he again stressed
the point that he had come to
An-rerica merelv as a simple gesture
of gciod rviil. He told the Senators
that he had crossed the Atlantic in
an effort to promote u,orid peace
art.[ fricndly t'o-operation among
nations, seeking no secret alliances
and asl<ing nothing for Italv.
This, of course, rvas apparent to
all Americans. Grandi's statement
of the purpose of his visit before
the Italian Senate confirms the impression general11 expressed by the
American press, 11amely, that, unlike many other such missions before, Grandi's u'as one of good wi1l,
f riendship and peace: open, newday diplomacy in t1-re frank Mussolini manner.
'Ihere was a passage in Grandi's
speech to the Senate which is worth
quoting here:
"lVeuer as today hos
it
been sltown
so clearly th,at the interests of all nation,s are
10,000,000 men lvho tr-i1l never see
the sun again."
It is very gratifying to note such
unaninrity of f eelings and purposcs between the t\\o greai llatlons
rve love rnost and best : Ital_v and
America.
MARCON I AND BELLIN I
f T rras ar the rime rhar Cuglielnro
I
JIarconi. on Decenrber 12,1901,
"Alaturally rny thoughts go back
to the mont,ent zdt,ert,, instead of sitting in a com,f ortable room i.n'Lon-
clon, sjteahing zaords w,lticlt, I hrtow
will be receiz'ed and understood on
tlte otTter si,de of the Atlantic, I was
standing in a bitterl^t cold roonr, on
to1, of a hill in Newfoundland,
to a skeptical li-orld the wonderi,ng if I showld be able to
reception of the first transatlantic Itear sun ple letters transntitted
then tn-etrtl -se\ cn ) cal's of age, an-
noLrnced
u-ireless message, that even Thomas
A. Edison said: "I do not believe
that Marconi has succeeded in receiving a wireless message." Edison. of all men, to sa1' that ! Yet
his incredulitv was shared b1'manv
other men of- science and, in a cei
tain sense, \'vas perhaps justified,
f or I{arconi's achievement \yas
something of a miracle.
Thirty years after, last
month.
the entire civilized rvorld celebrated
the epoch-making event and in a
manner u,hich even the young and
earnest inventor could not have
front England."
Nolv, thirty years af ter, comes
the 1[etropolitarr Opera Compan.r.
arrd ior the first tinre in its historv
asLourrds the rrorld bt srrccessfullr"
broadcasting Bellinirs immortil
opera. "Norma". \\'hat a far cr1,
indeed from those tense moments
oi u atchful u-aiting "on top of a
hill in
^\:en'f ourrdland," u,ondering,
hoping. prar-ing
The broadcasting of Bellini's
opera occurred on the centenarl, of
I
its tirsr producrion in Milan- on
December 26, 1831. It
is interesting to recall
that. like \{arconi's exBellini's work
u'as received very coldly
fact, it lvas hissed
perin-rent,
-in
unmercifully. That
seems to be the way with
all u'orks of g-enius;
historl- abounds with
such tragedies. In a
letter to a friend, writ-
their noses. But in years
to come they r,viil be considered prophetic, as in-
Grandi's ref erence to
ten on the night after the
perf ormance, the
rnuch-harassed compos-
111
first
1t
t 1\
er tlrote
t
'a $
c
cottilot cxprcss to yott,
bttt tltot Iau alotte- cott,
tmderstanV. I h,aae iu,st
conr,e frout th,e Scala:
frrst performance of
"\i0t'n1{1." Wowld you
recent approval b1- Con-
the Pi-esiclent's
proposal-"the first real
acl," Grandi asserterl,
rJress ci{
beliez'e it?
international
and
first altempt tu
co-operation
the
rise
and
above tragic credit
debit balances lvhir:h are
u-ritterr in the hl,ro,l 61
:
"] atrr r.urilitt(l Iou ttuder tlte i,nprisiion of
grief , of gri,ef that I
is particularly noteu-orth1. in vielt of the
"tor'vard
Senator
touching when he addressed the fol-,
the-wool isolationists.
unable to see be-vond
lhe Hoover moratorinm
of
lou,ing rvords to that great unseen
audience throughout the rvorld:
stri,ctl,y i.nterdependent,
tkat th e nti.sf ortrr,nes of
one zuill neaer be the
f ortune of another."
These u-ords r,r,i11 faii
to please some d1-ed-in-
deed the,v appear notr1' to
all sober-minded ancl rmpartial observers.
genir-rs
I'Iarconi, with rnillions upon millions of people joining to acclairn
the great public benefactor. Marconi's response was particularly
Fiosco
co ! !
{Jerrnany and France
"Aue Briand! Moratorhun te salutat!"
,Etlto
dr Paris
!
!
Fiasco
!!!
Seri,ous fiotTo tell the tru.tlt,
!!
the f ublic was se'(.tere. . .
I anr youn,g and I f eel itL
(Cottt'd on, page 271)
.
Colonial Balance Sheets
By Arnaldo Mussolini
Italians the usorld oaer learned with sorrotu last rnonth ol the sud.d"ew
ol Arnaldo lllussolini, only brother ol the ltalian Prerniero and ed.itor
ol Kll Popolo d'ltalia') ol Nlilan, the organ lounded 78 year,s ago by Berdto
I[ussolini and ol late intirnately associated uith the name ol his brother
Arnaldo. Almost the entine lile ol Arnald.o ilIussolinio who was only 46 at,
the time ol his death on Dec. 27st, LoaE spent in jourmalism. The lollowing
article is one ol the last to haae been written by kim, and appeared. in
his newspaper on Dec, 2nd..
doath
HII international colonial prestige. This fact is to be
erposition at Paris has considered with interest: it is
closed its doors. The an example of will, of tenacit-v,
: ar-ilions are being taken of national conscience. For a
, r.,itl't. and the material is going certain length of time it could
:'' e rrav of return. This item be thought and believed that
: rren-s harcll.v rises above the France, rnore than the unity of
'r',linarv routine of the chron- civili:zed peoples, was tending
-:-t of the da-v. It shoultl, how- to perfect her great colonial
=-;tr. leacl to a little reflection empire, in which she was to
r ,:rcerning the recent past ancl
r ,rrrelning the rnore or less
-",-rnet'liate future of the col:ial ploblem. The exposition
.., Paris closes with a strong
re lit item for the French Rer- rl,}ic. I do not refer, speak-r:' of credit, to baiance-sheets
i an econ,omic nature : for this
r -;rliose there are still laclring
:=1,: ligures, ancl it would be use-isr to make such an examina:- ,n of it. I alluc1e, rather, to
: = nioral balance-sheet. For
: \-eirr a large number of tour--t. from al.l over the s'orld
-a\-e \-isited the colonial expo-
-,ti,,tr. !'rance has clepicted in
., i,roac'L ancl worth_v wa}.
:rs rloue
all
she
of a concrete nature
-r- irel r-ast colonial empire.
T-rele -stancls olt a singliar
-ir1rt: France, although she has
--,,t thc demographic efficienc-v
l-ir!ssarI for peopling eyen a
.ir-g1e colonv, has applied, sole'- thlough executir-e, guicling
*11€rl1s and a Ylst olltl)ollL-rc' of capital, the opening key
.,,, s'reat regions from whicli
---t is c.lrawins' l-ealth ancl
find, not only the raw rnaterials
for her inclustries and her comn)erce, but also sourees of
strength ancl life in the event
of international conflicts.
\\'ithout a doubt tlris airu also
figures on the balance-sheet of
French policy, as it cloes with
every other nation, but it is not
the onl--v one, and it is accom,
paniecl, at a time of general clesire for peace, by a ligilant
and constant preoccnpation
with economic strengthening
and with the expansion of her"
ol'n civilization.
To tr'rance and her colonial
empire there is happening
something similar to that ir{rich
occurred in the industrial field
in 1906, after the international
exposition at Milan. Ifilan, ancl
ivith it all of Upper ltalv, ilrew
erccptional benefits frorn it.
There occurred a flowering,
a Ycr\- notable recoyer:\-r in
trade, in relations, in exchanges. The erposition of
1906 marked an e-"sential step
in the clevelopnient of Italian
ecorronric
life.
These greirt ex247
hibitions have, rrs a matter of
fact, a credit side that is difficult to catalog among the assets and liabilities of ordinar.v
balance-sheets, but which it is
necessar.Y to take account of in
the field of the moral and economic tendencies and interests
of tomorrol'.
-n
I
r
x
HFISt) gorreluI consideratiorrs orrgfit to make us re-
flect on Italian colonial problems. Man,v lightl"v assert that
Italian pubiic opinion is not
aware of them. That mig'ht
have been true in other times
of iack of interest in Italian internal and external conclitions.
Today publie opinion has been
appreciabl;. changed. We
would wish, nevertheless, that
interest and the spirit of
initiative were keener. In the
matter of colonies, without
seeking to create cornparisons
ancl comparatir.e dates, it must
be saicl that we have arrivecl
quite late. f\re have figured
worthil"r' at the \rincennes exposition, but that is not enough.
Now is the time to develop, in
concrete and rapid form, our
colonial activities.
trYe reacl a feu. ila.v-s ago the
acconnt of the lIctn. Razza concerning internal rnigrations. ft
is a matter of a praiseworthy
elTort that is being'rnarked and
appraised, as is also being ap,
(CorLtirttred otr ltooe 250)
War Books in ltaly
By Ciuseppe Prezzolini
Translated by S. Eugene Scalia
AR books have
beerr as
in ltaly as
in other countries.
numerolrs
' '
Families of fallen heroes have
published
their correspond-
journalists their articles,
war veter:ans their diaries, ancl
statesrnen their memoirs. But
whY, one may ask, has no Italian wal book ever been able to
win world-wide fame, as is the
casc with Barbusse's "tlnder
Fire," and Remarque's "All
\\'as.
"
Not at all so;
facts narrated b)' them, if
taken singlv, are true; rvhat is
ence,
Quiet On The
n'ront "
mean
to allude to that
be-
I
tendencl', conrmon to all ne$'spapers, to note only what is exceptional and striking, and not
the ever--vday, ordinary occurrences. 'Ihe newspaper is the
place u,'here one reads the scandals and not the common errents
in life I r,vhere one reads about
train wrecks, but rvhere no
mention is ever made of the
trains that arrive on time;
n'here one reads of absconding
bankers and not of those, the
great majority after all, who
fulfiil their business obligations.
Of a journalistic character,
that is, concerned with the exceptional, are the most f'amous
hooks on the war; and it is
strange that upon first reading
them we all are led to exclaim:
"This is the war as it reallv
destroyed
bodies ancl material wealth;
,but it 'was alsc a great destroyel of spiritual values. It
lieve, must be sought in the
more real and artistic character of the ftalian books, as
compared rvith the French and
German just mentioned, the
character of which is more
journalistic.
By sa5'ing' iottrnalist,ic
singing.
(Sing it
ari.a.v) is the siogan of a collection of son€{s of the Italian soldier, which means that thc Italian soldier assuaged his sufferings with songs.
\\:ar times. f\tar
?
I
the Italian soldier
"Canta, che ti passa"
ATURAL,LY, we Italians
did not, any more than
the others, remain immune
from the literarr- poisoning of
J\resterrr
The reason for tliis fact,
Bar-
busse's and Remarque's waL is
not the real war; that is, a1l the
spreacl throughout the rvorld a
quautitr- of poison gas of the
mind from which rr'e are still
suffering. The famous "propagancla!' \ras a hotbecl of lies
for a11 nations. Ihe so-called
" war
of
icleastt was, alas, a
ideas ! " How
much rlonsense, deailly to the
An Alpino in Marchirg 9:f":!
u, mincl, was said on the "Latin
false is grouping them to- spilit' 'and on the "German
spirit; " lto\- manlr ideal values
gether.
l-ere
clragged into a struggle
The Itaiian wal trooks are
with
which
they had nothing to
not so horrific as the most famous of the foreign ones. The clo, r-aiues that were trodden
war in ltaly was not a srveet upon and wielded as a weapon
anil trancluil affair. But seen by the contenders, as if a st,athrough the pages of our writ- tne or a book would gain by
ers one feels rv'afting through it being used as a club or a gun !
a breath of humanity. The war
tl- HE wal books that rvill
n as dreadful, but not alrva;.s
I sulvive, after all the
was it dreadful. Blood; da.vs
were followed by mirthfu'l ''topicalt' nrritings, which redays; tr-ving hours by joyful -rpondecl to the practical exhours; the rain by the sun ra-ys. igencies of the moment, sha1l
It may well be that the Italian have been swept awa)r, are few.
solcliers gaYe to the \\rar a It is not unlikely that a book
physiognom.v all their orvn. It may -vet appear which, as a
seems to me that no singing oc- masterpiece, will come to decurs in the war books of Bar- pict this period of our life.
busse and Remarque; in the
The only rvar book of the
Italian stories one does hear Risorgi,tnento which is still
''rval' against
248
WAR BOOKS IN ITALY
249
:::i. f'esale Abbats "Noter- from the sketchy passage \re book rvritfen by a student;
.--: '-1'uno tlei Mille" (Brief go on to re,ad a page well hence it is a )'outh's book. The
l'' t-- r.rf one of the Thousand), written, simple, flowing, full of war is viewecl with that fresh;i1 : r\-r'itten b-v ttone who had humanity and not.devoid of a ness and that unconcern for
::rr tber'€; " ltut the epic of the
Fi ;, rqintento is found in a
r - ii \rho clicl not go to war, in
,sui, Carducci, who rvrote
'-ii
-"; er' tire smoke of the battles
-:'. i r-anished. It may well
sense
of grandeur. Aspects of
nature, humorous
remarks,
life which only youth can have.
ft is a truthfui book, but its
trrith is that of a sound mind
which hardships can neither
fag nor cause to doubt. If we
are "fragments," the literary find profanity, it arises rather
!rr-'Iren that our epic will be form current at that time, and from the "inconYeniences" of
'rr rtten by " one who was not on which So{fici had left his war than from its ttdangers."
: .rl"e.
orvn imprint of Parisian elesentimental and ironic snatches
of iife, portraits of the Italian
people Iile past our eyes. They
'
time being, we note
:r i.t in Italy there is not a sinF-,,r' the
::,. rral book which may 1r"
. r.i'1 to portrav
''the entire
-.;r,]'.'' a book that
so soars
-i :,\-e the others as to be recogtypical of Italy.
Sereral are the "good" Ital-r.ri wz'rr. books, and in each one
i tl]em is reflected the author
:il-,i .-iome moments and side,-:ut''r of the war.
I shall speak of some of these
,,,ks, but I hasten to caution
',: r'eader that I do not mean
i .tlebv to place all the other
' rks on a lorver leve]. I grant
:r-irout hesitation that some of
,t latter are as good as those
r- which l am about to dwell.
l: I have chosen the books I
:.r'e, rather th,an others, it is
icause I had them near at
ancl ani[ because, too, the; en:,,i,1g -., thanks to their vat ietv. to present va,rious asr "rcts of our rvar life.
:,rze,1 as
HE first of the war books
which impressed the Ital-an reacling public was Soffici's
" Iiobilek. " When it first came
,ut. it lt-as here and therc muliiatecl b_v the censor. JVe have
nl-)\r a complete edition of it.
Its title, strange for an ftaliatt lrook, was derir.ed from the
Slavic nanle of a knob on the
nountains rvhich rise to the
r.r)r'tit of Gorizia, rvhere Soffici
i'luS1lt.
A rvriter anil a painter beirre the war, Soffici remained
sucjr in his book. It is a diary.
\ow we find in it jottings not
unlike a painter's sketch; now
l
purity. It is
gone
Ii'ucini's art
through the
forge of Paris.
Impressionism is no longer
an end in itself, but serves a
soul that has been touched.
Officers, fellow-soldiers, foemen are presented with rapid
gance and Tuscan
strokes. Here and there
a
comic sketch rnakes its appearance. But all through the book
one feels that the writer now
stands on a level other than
that on which he had stood in
previons -years rvhen he first
won over ancl delighted the
Italian reaclers rvith a pen full
of color and Lt'izarrer'ie.
NOilHtrR war book of
which I shall speakr'vere it only because, among all
others of ltal,v, it is the sole
I think, r'hich has been
transiatecl in America with
some degree of success-is
Ilaolo Monelli's " Scarpe al
Sole" (Toes Up). Of "Toes
Up " it can be said that it really
depicts the Italian war, witli its
alternations of sorrow and
laughter, l'ith its rain and sunshine, as it was seen b;. fhs
Italian people who gave singing soldiers to the war. Monelli served- in the Alpine corps.
Typically Italian was the warbook,
fare which took these troops to
the highest peaks of the Alps,
troops that had characteristics
well known in ltal;--11ttdaunted braver;-, fondness for
rvine, and a spirit of good fellowship betrveen officers and
soldiers that did awalr with the
severity of discipline. It is a
\/Y nnV strange, perhaps
unique, I think, is Carlo
Pastorino's "La Prova de1
Fuocot' (The Fire Test.) The
war is vieu'ed in a Christiarr
spirit and described in a Franciscan style. It is not iitera-
ture, mind ,vou; it is not sugarcoated war, either. Nay, it is
anything but that. The war is
portrayecl as it really is, but
one feels that the human mind
can learn even from war and
find in it the opportunity to
better itseif, the opportunity
to know evil and death, ever
near and equal for a1l, the enemy not excepted. The foe
suffers a1so, in the war as seen
by Pastorino.
It is a book of a great sweetness which iloes not strike us
at the very outset but which
little by little seizes us and endears the author to us. We
should like, we feel, to have
been next to him.
Tr\TERESTTNG and ettvis-
I
mind is
Nlrarpicati's point of
view in his book "La Coda di
n{inosse " (Minos's Tail). Of
what Minos does he intencl to
speak? Of those improvisecl
Minosses-the military judges.
ageci witlL a fearless
Arturo
How many blunders were
made during that period ! How
clifficult was it then to sit in
judg'ment, in n'aste and often
r.,-ithout necessary testimonies
and guarantees, with judges
and public prosecutors not be-
ing well informed as to
the
facts ! Marpicati has given us
a lively account of one of these
250
ATLANTICA, .JANUARY,
1932
hasty trials ancl has not only
For those who lir.e in Amerishown us mistakes and weak ca it is not amiss, perhaps, to
minds, but also lofty minds not recall }fussolini's opinions of
afraid to fight for the truth that period concerning the emeven in those times. It is a igrated Italians who had come
book one reads with pieasure.
back to fight on the Italian
front. IIe speaks of them iu
liAVIt reserved my last several places, and his insisrt rvords for Benito ilIusso- tence
is a proof of his conviclini's war book, 'Il Mio Diario tions. On November 2, he obdi Guerra" (My War Diary). serves that among his fellowHe wrote it rvhen he was a soldiers "those are not lacking
mere private, in the trenches, who are more u'ide-awake and
and no one, save some prophet, worldl-v-wise. The,v are those
suspected what his future who have been abroad, in Euwould be. The book is impor- rope and in America.,' On
tant not only because that pri- April 6, studying the morale of
vate has become the head of his the soldiers of his platoon, he
own country and a figure of divicles them into several
rvorld-rvide interest, but in it- groups; about "twenty-five
self. It is a reaction, with its are those rvho returned volunsimple style, against the rodo- tarily from countries in Eumontades and nonsense of the rope and across the Ocean.
war correspondents, who usecl People who have lived; people
to fill the newspaper columns who have acquired a certain
u'ith comnionpiaces and de- sociai experience. The_v are
scriptions of battles never wit- the best soldiers, all ar,ound.,,
nessecl, not erren through field- These "Americans,, at e
glasses. It is a livety analysis among those most convinced of
of the qualities of the Italian the necessity of the lvar: ,,Piepeople. One feels therein the troantonio, from the Abruzzi,
statesman.
who voluntarilr- returned from
COLONIAL BALANCE
(Ccntiltu.e
d fronr. loqe
Arnerica together with two
thousancl others to serve the
countr.,v, recounts to us interesting episodes on the life of
our colonies across the Ocean.
Immense was the enthusiasm
with rvhich our declaration of
war on Austria was received.
Throngs of men besieged the
Consulates for their medical
examination ancl their repatriation. . . . That is easily understood. The millions and millions of ltalians, most of them
from the South, who during recent years have travelled the
roads of the world, know
through painful experience
what it means to belong to a
nation politieailS' and militar-
ily without prestige. ,'
I think that the American
readers of this review, among
rvhom there ma5' be more than
one who on that memorable occasion went back to Italy to
take up arms, will be pleased to
know this favorable opinion of
Mussolini, then a mere private,
an opinion nhich cannot have
changed now that from a private he has become the Duce.
SHEETS
217)
praised the specific proposal to state of complete procluctive
tie down the laborer to the efifreienc1- or, as it is said in
earth" It is onh. rlecessary modem jargon, exploited in
that all these possibilities be fuil. It rvas taken b-_v assauit
multiplied by ten, by a hun- on the north, the south, the
dred, bv a thousand. Internal east and the west bv tlie
migrations are a cause of white race, but it is still largel,v
equilibrium and they have an a matter of guiding elements.
economic substratum, as well There is, on the other hancl, a
as a foundation of a social phenomenon that is being obcharacter. But the real masses, serr.cc1 : the progressir.e setthose that can relieve certain tling of Indian groups on thc,
regions, cannot have an outlet eastern shores of the Black
except in vast areas of a grad- Continent. It appears that
ual potentiality of an agricul- these Asiatic peoples alreadr.
tural nature. At the present see, with realistic instinct, tht
moment this aim is not attain- possibilities of African exable except in the colonies : in ploitation even for the most
fact, only in Africa.
hurlble workers. As for thc
;\frica is a continent which rest, particularlv in Northern
still awaits to be put into a Africa, rvashetl bv the Mediter-
ranean,
the nucleus of
the
white race is in 'Iunisia, and is
largel--v rnade lLp of ftalians.
Our tl-o colonies, Tripolitania
anc'l Cvrenaica, pacified in
evel)r sense and relieved of militar-v occupation, seem to await
the immigration of our colonizers. Here the problem is one
of means, ancl let us not obscure the fact that the present
time certainh' is not the best
for launching'programs of ver.r'
great import. But if we consiiler what has been spent to
builtl up the industrial structure, to heal and to lecover
some of the initiatives that interest varions cities of ours in
the north, we ar.e bclLnd to ask
(Continued ott !a-cte 252)
:*r*r:r*t?r'
r::;:i4iiir;irrl
i.;:ra:1:;::r:
Rorne-The
Piazza Navonao or Circo Agonale, with the fanous Bernini fountains
-Ali
nar t
The "Befana"
By Clary Zannoni Chauvet
Cranddaughter ol Costanzo Cltauvet, well-hnozt,rt
Italian zuriter, and an atttltor'trL h,er ozun ri.ght; sJte lta-;
translated marL1, of tlie zvritings of Rabindranat/t
7'ugore iilto It0li0n.
HERB is tr squ:rre in Rome
that lias trvo namcs;
there is aiso a Roman
Christian festir.al that has
the center of the square; smaller ancl graceful are the twir
iaterals; pon'erful and. clecorative the central one, in which
,r'ro -\g-onale he neans the
\ tii,-1inni of l)orniziano, con.':r't€11 afterwards into a beau-. ir.L stluale, enclosed 0n one
- ie ll' a ro\y of small and
:-rr]|.,1e )iuildings of the l7til
, ,-ntur1-, and on the other as
, nqh for contr:rst-J.n' the
r-r' I'nificient 1,ia1trce l)orizr
:'itllrhili and the fllmrch of S.
,!c'ne,.c that Borromini ltuilt.
-il'r'ee
no longer tlie Rorne of Domiziano or the Rome of the
I'opes, but onl;. the center of
the place as it has appeared
for centuries, once a -year, on
the night betu'een the 5th ancl
6th of Januarl-, the night of
i
, rlarnes. n'estival ancl Bernini s;'mbolizei[ the four
- - iare ale strictlv connected. iar-{est rivers in the world as
' ,r,'o Agonale or Piazza Nar.- a base for a precious Egyptian
, ri is the filst; Itrpifania obelisque. But rvhen the good
T'r e1111, Night) or Befana, Rorrran citizen mentions Piazza
..-: second. \Vhen a good Navona, another vision apll, 'ruan citizen speaks of the pears in his rninil. I{e means
f
:
ountains enrich the
r'i,. tootwalk that is placecl in
the trpifani:r or Befana.
Bartolomeo Pinelli, the genial and refinecl engrzr\.er of the
past centurr-, hrls left us a colIection of marvelous etchings
reprodricin.q the Rornan life of
251
his time. I{i-q firre n-orks, inspired b;' 1h" Canovian character, but cl1-nanlic, ancl with the
atlclition of r.ivacit)-, is a clocurnentation of the popular customs ancl habits of the beginnirrg of the 19th C'lentur)'. One
of his most beautiful etchings
is the l3efaria Festival in Piazza Ntrvona. Pec1c11ers, stalls
ancl surall carts coverecl witli
cheap to1-s, candies and roastecl
chestrruts, olange sellers,
lamps., music and beauLiful
\fomen irt festir.e attire-s are
designed. rbicl there are zrlscr
the " Bc'fanotti, t' merr.\. )-orurfl'
fellows who usecl to clisguise
thenselves in tr grotesque \\'r1Y
cluring; that night trncl go about
jesting ancl tc.irsing peopie ancl
shrill trumpets ancl
rattles. 'Ihis lerr- R'oman festivzrl inspired \[trestro Res-
plzr1-irr-e-.
ATLANTICA, JANUARY,
252
1932
in writing the and also some pieces of coal if
last movement of his suite, they have deserved it ! Who
"Le Feste Romane,t' a color.- was there who did not find a
ful and perfectly vivacious little piece of coal in the sock
page of music.
that \\ras hung the previous
night near the little bed? Of
RICH carayan reaches on course we ail found it ! It was
pighi himself
in china instead of chalk,
ancl
their elephants and camels are
in cloth and velvet. ltre, perhaps, modern children clifferent from what they rvere in
the past? No. The child is the
creature who best understands
s.vmbol, and who does not care
of the barn, in the "Presepio" among to;'s and candies, bought if the figure in the Presepio
that has been prepared rritlt at the same time with the Ho1y. costs ten cents or a lot of
loving care for the children on l(ings and their splendid cara- money.
Christmas eve. On the morn- van of painted chalk inPtazza
The fun of the festival is no
ing of the Epifania, the chil- \ravona. Children are quite longer the same. Many people
dren, with rvide-open, marvel- conscious of their liitle faults consider it an anachronism in
ling e)'es, look at the three and their hearts trernble while our modern age. And what
Holl. I(ings with crowns on they are hanging their socks, with central heating, and gas,
their heails and golden mantles, for the Befana knorvs and sees anil electric stoves, the poor
adoring the Divine Infant. everything !
old Befana is now obliged to
'Ihere are, behind them, camTwo names has the place; find another way to enter the
els, elephants and servants two names has the festivai. houses and reach the hanging
bearing precious gifts to the Circo Agonale, artistic and his- socks. Let us hope that sorne
Son of God. trpifania means torical glory; Pi,azza Ne,uona, chimney will remain in every
the m,r'gfis offering, the adora- peddlers, c,andies, trumpets, home for the iliusion and the
tion of the Iloly Kings, led by rattles and crackers; Epr,f ania, happiness of the 6th of Janthe comet star to the King of the l{ol;' Kings, the mystic of- uary !
Kings. And how beautiful, fering, the rvorship; Befana,
There is only a smali group
horv shining is the comet hang- the good oicl woman, toys
of people who will see without
ing over the straw roof of the a.nd coal !
sorro\r the decline of the old
hut !
tradition; they are those who
But the festir.al has anotirer
NrIr'ORTUNATtrLY the live in Piazza Nal'ona and who
meaning, ancl the children
popuiar: merry tradition know that once el-er).
they
think of entirely different is declining littie b;' little. are destined to a -vear
sleepless
tirings when theSr mention the Every year brings fewer ped- night, the night that is spent in
rvold Befana. Befa na is tlre dlers and fewer stalls ar,ound crf ing, Iaug"Jring, whistling and
name of an ugly but good old the three beautiful fountains. jesting by a crorvd celebrating
woman who comes down the Very often the Hol;' t(ings in a pagan \ra;r 4 Christian feschimnel', bringing toys ancl come from a refined store at ti val.
candies to the good chilihen. . . the Presepio. They are made
that night the threshold
carefully wrapped and placed
COLONIAL BALANCE SHEETS
(Continwerl
from fage 2.50)
ourselves if it would not be desirable and opportune to have,
for the purposes of our colonial der.elopment, a great outpouring of farmers' and workers' elements into the two co1onies in our possession.
ment of a new firm in the
course of a short two )'ears.
Sometimes want of a certain
commodity a ferv kilometers
from the great city is apprised
of in an exaggerated way; but
want itself is unknown when
Man,v times it happens one is far-off, in a region that
among those who emigrate has the horizon for its bounfrom one region to another that claries, a sky that is always
there are signs of discomfort clear, a vigorous form of vegeand disturbance; there are tation, and ryhere relations
some who dream open-eyed of among countr,vmen are clictated
wealth, of the conquesf of a by the sense of unity and the
great posifion, of the develop- spirit of saerifiee.
In the field of our economic
adjustment, among the many
possibilities that aid this solution, there is the colonial problem. \\'e have already written
about it before. The sending
of some fift;' families to Garian for the cultivation of tobacco is already an accurate
sign of the will to do. But here
also has the Italian Government operated. Private initiative mr-rst now complete this
specific tendenc.v of the central
power.
Siena-Panorama of the city.
Siena of the auaffirocento
The Art o{ Simone M artini
by Franco Bruno Averardi
h tYl'-E rrririses Ciotto as
I I ,lre p1ip1u, wlro dark,
L--/
itreri tire I'arrre of Uirna,. P..trarca, in two exquisite
- - *is. praises Simone XtIar. - ir > the painter who re, - i to the world not onl,r'
-
.
:i1r'th11'
but also the heav-
. ,. ihe spiritual
beaut.v of
-,.:.,,'una Laura's face. Noth: ,:-,rlcl be more significant
I irr,.piring to us than this
,- .; ,'f friendl.1- comprehension
r .lrilitual nearncss uniting
,: i\\-o greatest poets with the
gleatest painters of the
lr:,-'ento. This link is not only
--:r,ilicant because those four
. irrleS
et'e So great but because
.,,:Se two spiritiial relations
, i,eal ancl respond deepl-1' fs
l intuition. Giotto createcl
'utmental compositions,
-:,trreling and embracing with
--
.r,
or-erporvering centlipetal
.:'ce
the chief artistic tenclen:-r-r of his age. This appears
:r ,ii luminouslv in
Santa
l',irilitr ,,lell'Arena, that suI r',rire revelation of what a
-.rlch can ite, of what space
r,l- lreconle through the rh-fthm
- ior'ns ancl colors. In front of
:i,i: rliracle we can see that
,
Giotto dicl
tling that
in painting sorrre-
approached what
Dante rlid in poetn-, although
rrithin narro\Yer limits
(I)ante's achievement and
l)ante's range zrre unique and
incomparable), He blenclecl
in a mightv halmon,r. all the
contrasting itleals, visions ancl
energies of the Trecento. His
n-ork impresses Lrs like a svnthetic architectule arising
from an irnmense ebbing ancl
flori.ing ocean. Simone did
something errtirel.v different.
Il e became the mysterious
paintel of sentiment and the
subtlest painter of the human
fouutllr- r.epresentative painter
of Florence in tire same age. In
his work he expressed the soul
of Siena more intenseh- than
an)- other painter-a soul
dreaming alone in profound
concentration, not expanding
arrd loaclring out to krrow and
to contluer the world like n lor_
ence. Ihe two arts are as pro-
foundlv different from each
other as the cities are. n lorence lies ror.allv serene in her
plain, lihe a garclen open to
ever"v new wind, reaci_v to accept and nourish el.err- seed
brought b-v that wind. Anci all
the seecls of the Renaissance
face before Botticelli and will find their first nourishLeonalclo. He is much more ment in the garden of X.lorence.
indefinite, much more intimate, ff we turn from Florence to
much less outspoken and architectulal than Giotto. He cre,ated with his designs and
colors rvhat Petrarca created
witir his Yerse: a new unique
Poetr5' which listened and responded to al1 the emotions of
the soul.
Q llltl\E js tbe most pro\--'
founrl lv
representative
painterof Siena of the14thcentun', as Giotto is tlre most pro253
Siena, n.e have almost the feel-
ing of turning from a marvel-
ous garden to an equally
marvelous fortress" And Siena really is a fortress, the
fortress of the medieval spirit.
She does not open herself to
the u'inds of the new age, she
protects the survival of her old
spirit, of her old art, until the
last-ancl when medievai art
dies, after the last visions of
)<
r
ATLANTICA, .IANU_{RY,
1932
Sassetta, of \-eccirietta ancl of inspiration, of the ideal in their
Quattrocento: Mr. Berenson,s
Matteo di Giovanni, no Renais- minds. Any[64U who has stud,v on Sassetta.
sance follows. Sienese ai.t dies heard the voice of Siena while
with its medieval spirit. (No- waiking through her str,eets, Q LnX.f stel,ped orrt of flrc
body could call Sienese Renais- while contemplating her build- u trlid,lle -\go. in political
sance those few imitations of ings and hcr. paintings, rvill life, she proclaimed as FlorFlorentine architecture s.hich realize this. He will admire ence dicl the freedom, the majrt'c firr,l irr Sicrrir.)
Sicna for having protected anci esty of the new Comniune. But
assorte,l lrer o\\'n wondei.ful she aclzrpted this historical
q t
cr.itics tell us that world side b-v side with the transformation to her medieval
'llE ar.tpainlers,
u Sicrreso
dur.irrg the wondei:ful rvorld of n'iorence, spirit, which continuecl to live.
were
too lrreak, and will not condole with her Duccio opens the Sienese 'IreQuattrocento,
too far beirind in artistic evoiu- for having failed to procluce cento. l'he immense inher.itance
Detail of th'e "Guidoriccio da Fogliano" by Sirr.one Martini, in the Palazzo Pubblico of Sierra
tion to detach themselves fr'om ll,enaissance art. Bnt Sienese xrhich Siena receives from Bytheir primitive models. Quattrocento, in other t'orc-[s zantine Art wonderfully ilStrangel-v enough the-1' 46 oo1 the delicate transformation by lumines the paintings of Ducsee that if painters iike Sas- which Sienese mysticism saved cio. While profoundly possetta and llatteo di Giovanni and sheltered its own existence sesseil with that inherited Oricontinued to create m;.stic in the age of the Renaissance, ental wealth, Duccio is the
paintings (and what paint- iras not l et been generaily the artist who awakens to the conings!), it was not due to their object of as much interest and sciousness that a new art, Sientveakness but to their strength, study as the Trecento. But we ese art, can and must be creto the marvelous surviving, re- have a wonderful unforget- ated; and he lays the first base
sisting strength of their mystic table tribute to the Sienese of this new art. Then Simone
E
SI]iN,\ OIT TH]] (IUATTR(](
.
,
:
; - i. l,ieritls
- . .,
tiiis ilher- cism. If n.c iook at some of
..r'r traclition with
., ri,-,tiric spirit which
: . =' , t,, hirl in NapleS
-r -.:\'in L-orrt" Thc
- .. :'enins Lrlends the
'
!-NT(
-
Simone's paintings, on the contr:ar_v (at his Annunciaticin in
Illolence, at the ecstatic mass
of St. Ilai"tin in A ssisi) \re
feel tliat his rn--vsticism glow-s
r
2.5 5
r" croul't, l'hile Giotto always lcmained at heart n sirnple citi-
zetl of Ij'lolene e. And ,vet
Simone spilitnalizes that ph.vsical noblcsse which appenls to
him. lle trarrsfolms it irito a
-: :r'irriition n'ith the with all the huilan passiot'r medium br which he expresses
- r -t it iDlo a lle\r eSwhich $ias rellressed anrl sacri- a rn.vsticisin of Lris own" This
i.,i: esseDce is Sien- ficeci to it. \\'e are remincied r.if is the great miracle of
,
the most puo- the rnlsticisn of eall1. mc- Simor-Lc's art" As I said, his is
' -,:,t^E.
--'ntse painting that ,lieval paintings, bleaking out a m5-sticisrn which ar.ails itseif
r
Simone is, in erpressions of in{inite sor- of ail those Ilurnan, individual
- , 'r-t':r',,irtecl.
above
all :i rorv, of ecstatic consurnption. energies which n ere conqueLecl.
1rlace,
i-trr&.
great
the
repre\Ve feel tirat there is mor:e tr:ul--v IIrrulqlL llre lrolinass of
-. , irl'tist bo}.n flont a rnedieval
spirit in the work of Simone's painJing's we per'1. A11 the eariier Simone than in any tr'iorentine ceire ancl fee1, as through a
- - Sienese ar:t, er.en tire painting of his age. But now precious :ilabaster, the flarne of
, r ::..,p of Duccio, lead to this medier-aI spii'it speaks that human passion, delicatc.
r i:: \-outli leads to ma- throug)r an adr-ancec1, dcvel- and intense at once, which was
ile is one of those oped, intensifieil art, through Simone 's. Tire m;,-stic urge was
-'- -r, which A r.ace attains ir harinting sense of lleaut-1 , so profound
that even before
I c,tnsci0u,qltess of it- through a llew subtle, ph1-sical a contrast coulcl adse, it transr.lelicacv ancl tenc]elness-this ligurecl that passion. But we
is tlic kcvnote, tire m_vsterious feel in front of those paintings,
ilncl rnag'ic -speil of Simone's morc profoundl,v than in front
a rt.
of any others, ail the price that
-...- lretween two ertremes
rvas paid for m)-sfigism. J\re
" :,,n the il-_rstic spirit ancl
ilrillr.
tJre
feel
as
itr
tlrc
this more keenl-v than in
irr.ti.1,
1\
. --, stilring impulses of I rro ser)sp tlro sarrro stl.alge front of earlier mystic paintil -, aissance. In Simonets blending' of ciiverging quaiities. ings, exactiy because the time
.. i-re cssential note is not I{c lil.eci at the Angevin court, and the spiritual atmospher.e
I t-\-. it is pas-"io1, rnvstic jre was kecnly attracteil by the hncl changed, ltecause in the
- :,. If \re comDr]re a pur.e refined erplessions of aristo- late medieva,i agc of Simone it
- -:,.nse expression
Flor, clalie life and aristoer':rtic cost more to carr.v througlr tli'- lnr-sticisnr (theof latest
lreautr-anr1 he rvas a profouncl umphantlv, to sen s ancl to er' lest i\ngeiico
paintrn.vstic. His Saints, his Ma- press a divine vision. I speak
's
i.,f instance) s'ith the r'lornr a is, i f cornparccl x.ith those here rather of subconscious
- -,'r.rl of Siinone: lTe lteal- of Giotto, irnpress us as princes depths than of l-hat the artist
i- plofouncil;. the one itif- ancl princesses compared rvith consciouslv realizeil. ft is as
i -1'rrr]l tire other. A back- strong ancl healthy poytolani of we sar,r new stigmas resulting
:,,i of serenitv is always .lllorence. \I'e fcel that Simone frorn an e\ren gi'eater spir.ituai
- ,r.t in Florentine inrsti- assimilatecl the atmosphere of heroism.
--r-rlt that
attairrccl:r
-' rtlful, {iiotto
ti'ulr- Flolentine
,
-r
Siena-T'h€ *'olf at the corner of the Palazzo Pubblico
Antonio Salandrd:
For ger
of I taly's D estinies
,T\HOSE histoliaus l-lto 1-,e- in the l'ake of the Risorgi- and public administration at
lieve witlr Carl;Jo tlrat mento, realized at the outbreak
Universit_v of Rome, a wellII historv is clrieflv the of the European \\rar what an the
balancecl undersecretarl of
product of a fe.t -ur. rrill fin.i opportunity their couritrr. had state ancl minister in various
additional srlpport for their
theory in the person of Antonio Salandra, whose death
iast month recalls how, as
Prime n'Iinister of Italy the
fateful first year of the \Yorlcl
\Yar, he changed the course of
Ital.r.'s destination.
It wouid not be accurate to
state that in declaring Italy's
neutr:ality in August, 1914, ancl
her intervention on the side of
the Aiiies in May, 1915, Salandra disregarded the feelings of
the majority of the Italian
people and forced upon them
the decisions taken by him and
his cabinet. But it is well
hnown that betrveen the declarati,on of neutrality and the
actuai entrance into the war
there developecl in Italy two
porverful groups which would
have preferred intervention on
the side of the Central Porvers,
or at least neutrality through-
out the rest of the
of breaking the anachronism of
an unreal alliance.
But to Salandra and his two
foreign ministers, Di
San
cabinets, he gave his country
the benefits of his sound judgment and powerfrll intellect
r-ith a generosity that only a
pupil of De Sanctis and Spaventa conld equal. His attacl<
0n the incompetence of the
League of Nations in the Corfu
incident, which he made
as
heacl of the Italian delegation
at Gener.a, remains a classical
example of juridical knowledge ancl interpretation.
II/AS Salandra wise in fol
YY lor,ving the path that led
Italy to fight against the Oerrtral powers ?
Antonio Salandra
conflict.
It is admitted b-v military
critics that had Italy chosen to
fight on the sicle of German-v
and Austria, they rvouid have
won the war. As a rervard for
her participation against the
Allies Ital-v might have secured
Nice, Savoy, Corsica, Tunis
and some more generous colonial morsels. But such a par-
Giolitti's "parecchio" (he be- Giuliano ancl Sonnino, sirould
lieved that Austria's offers in go the credit for the great dereturn for Italy's neutrality cisions, for they \vere among ticipation would have been
were sufihcient) speaks vol- the few who were acquainted against Italy's real interests,
with the many-sided obliga- which are not the material inumes b.r. itself.
Nor would it be accurate to tions of llalian diplomacy and terests so often emphasized by
sav that Salandra was alone in the unpreparedness of the ltal- people who have utterly misunreaching the fateful decisions ian army for a gigantic derstood Salandrats "sacro
of those rrneertain years. Be- struggle.
egoismo " but the interests of
sides the King, who ignored u": The passing of Antonio Sa- a state that aspires to the podvnastic eonneetions to further landra, bowever, should not re- sition of true equality and in.miud us only of his part in the dependence in the family of nathe supreme interests of the' 'ffi611fl
Italian people, laithtul as ever
\\r2t. An aecomplished tions.
to the traditions of the T{ouse l,arrliamentarian, a fbreelul
Anl' 6t," who reads Saianof Savoy, there were in Italy oratol a distingrished,writer drats two volumes of memoirs,
at that time many leaclers of on polilics and jurisiirddenee, even if one is not acquainted
public opinion, who, following a popular professor of finanee with the wealth of material re256
ANTONiO SALANDRA
:,f .ince 1919 by the arch- for, and affinit,v of interests
---:! -,i the leading European rvith, Great Britan, a fact of
: ::-gri offices, will reaiize how n'hich German chancellors
:* -:-tti,le would have become from Bismarck to Bethmann-,;-''s position had Germany Hollweg were well aware.)
,r- :l
won the war even
-l'-: -\lstria
Italr on their side.
AX the other hand, it is obT,,ele ale certain students V vious tlrat Italy coriid
harclly afford to remain neu- - JE'.iropean diplomacy n'ho
:--;. rer)- lightly, cast asper- tral, even if her food supplies
;-.--i ,rrl the methods of the had been allowed to reach her
,:-=ulta ancl rvho have reached by the Allies, who, through
-:+.,
:''= -Lastr conclusion that Italy
;:,: r-irt loval to the Triple Al--:r:-r'e. lrut the,v do not seem to
:.ajze. as yet, that Italy's po:-fi'.'n in the Triplice was not
r,i ,f trle etlualitS', but rather
: ..-assalage to Germany and
-\:-.tlia, Indeecl, both Salan..ra ancl Giolitti tell us in their
:-niniscences how the-v were
-iten temptecl to eject the ar-
their control of the high
seas,
257
crastinated his decision in order to reap some bargains, or
to "fly to the winning side,"
one needs only to read his
memoirs to explode that myth.
It is in the light of recent
diplomatic revelations that
Salandra's decision acquires
the importance of a masterly
stroke of statesmanship, and
that his " sacro egoismo "
should be interpreted,. If, on
the other hand, naive students
of diplomacy have reproached
him and S,o,nnino for binding
Salandr:a perceived at once the Allies to the Treaty of
Italy's precarious position and London of April 26, 1915. submade up his mind to join the sequent events have proved the
enforced their own larvs of neu-
trality.
Allies as early as August, r,visdom of their policy.
1974, as he reveals in his
memoirs. If ltal-v did not ac- A LESSANDRO Manzoni, irt
tually intervene until May /a l,i. ode to Napoleon, asks
1915, the reason is to be found himself if the Little Corsican's
: ,sant Austrian ambassaclor in the unpreparedness of the glory was true glory-and
:: Rome, von Merey, from Itaiian army, which had not leaves the judgment to pos:'tir office. A victor)' for the yet recovered from the effects terity, but we do not need to
Powers, therefore, of the war r,vith Turkey. As to wait for the coming genera'."entral
; 'ulcl irave sealed Italy's po- the assumptions that ltaly's tions to pass judgment on
=-tion of servitude to her al- obligations torvards the Allies Salandra's statesmanship, fs1'
--,:s. (No consideration is paicl precluded her siding with the lve know enough today of the
--+re to the almost certain Central Powers; Salandra, in background of Jtaly's foreign
r-sroc that the British and his t'Intervento," relegates policy to accord him a position
French fleets would have their importance to an incon- among the greatest of Italian
-:,iayed on the ftalian coast ancl spicuous footnote. On the other statesmen.
S.
to the traditional ft'iendship hand, the charge that he pro-
-G.
LOVE SONG
Pindo
:ren Your name, O Rome .
!
Why do I love
is it the challenge of your quiet dome
That dominates city, alrlost rules the sk1'?
-s it tlre l i:rdirrg lllJ 5l.ery of a.strcet
\\'here living stones give to tlre feet a solrg: Slones all the great of earth l'rave walkecl upon,
\nd
those who merely loved and lvere not great?
Is it u-hite music of the iountairr's 1e,'Ljr
lrom f iaz:ta shade into the early dar,vn?
Or
c-rpress tree above e lrolle,l
g:tlt
1
Or stairs that climb to newer mystcrl-?
Or pir-re that calms rn'hen cypress lifts too high?
Is it a hidden temple or a god?
Or statued age-green column deep in shade
Of oak with arrcient struggle in the root?Tire leafdd mirrors oI yotrr broad-bou'lcd fuurrts,
Their crysta'l dripping plashing with the bells?
you
?
Or is it sunlight bursting on graJr totver:s
To tell r'vhat gold is? (Where is light of
sun
So gold as on a golden Roman rl.a1l?
sun that Francis sang but could not knorv
-The
As only stranger eyes can knou' its gold.)
Even vour name, O Rome,
Like organ-throb,bing moonfight thrills a spell:
City where God was profligate u-ith all
In one Eternal Ho11' City dream,
s'hadolv in my heart,Why do I love you?
I only know I love you, ever shall:
I only knou' I cannot sa1' farewell.
O blue no cloud can
You have nry 1ife, Cl Rome,-so keep m1, death!
Give your great sky as freedom for my breath,Let your slow golden Tiber shroud a p,art
And let just any cypress hold my heart.
, l-
-Fredericka
runt tltc clcle ol poems ott l!aly in " All My Youth,"
recently published by Breufano's' )
Blankner
Pitture Vetrificate
Btjou Paintings in crystalline
by Italian Artls/s
Glqzes
By Eugene Clute
Contributor
to tlte "Arch,itectural Foruu,t,,",,Archi-
lcctrtre"-a.ttd ofltcr l,crinfli6sls. author ot' .'Ttte Treatrtr,ent of lrt,teriors" antl of
.ztarious works on the fine
and appli.ed arts.
^ ^
MONG the most interesting of the examples of
Italian art recentlv exhibited in this country Uy tne
Italy America Society wLre a
number of small paintings
shown by Doctor A. pugliese
that were done in vitieous
enamels upon tile. These pictures are known as pitfttre
uetri,ficate and are the work of
a group of painters under the
leadership of the distinguishecl
artist Basilio Cascella. Cascella, who has used vitreous glazes
in some of his important iorks,
conceived the idea of these
tijgl paintings in a lasting
meclium and encouraged a num-_
ber of younger artists to work
in this way, notably Adelaide
Sodini and Melchioire Melis.
One of Adelaide Sodini's pitture uetri,fcate is shown byan
illustration on this pag;,
a
study of an Arabian woman of
North Africa. The coloring is
rich and vibr.ant, while
the
haudling of the medium is at
once direct and sensitive. This
subject is an unusual one for
this ariist, since she most often
pairrts the picturesque types to
be fonnd in and about Ro*e,
rvhere she iives.
Melchioire Melis is a native
of Sardinia and his home is at
Cagliar:i. The peasant life of
th.e r:egion prorricles him with
Arabian Woman, by Adelaide Sodini
piatura aearifr.cata, pdinted in aitreous cnamels on tilc
a weaith of material and he de- cession of women bearing
picts the beauty of Sardinian candles across the snow from a
\vomen with compelling charm. little church, an olcl custom obOne of his most delightful served on Christmas Eve. Then
peasant subjects shows a pretty miss on her way to make the
cu-qtomary present to a bride, a
rooster and a dove, all beribbonecl and carried in an open
basket. Sounding a deeper
note, is his painting of a pro258
tirere is his picture of a lumbering covered cart drawn by
sleek black oxen in a flood of
soft rnoonlight.
Basilio Cascella usuallv
chooses his subject s for Ttittuie
(.Conti,nwed, on page 260)
Father Ciuseppe Maria
Finotti
Pioneer Priest, Btbliographer, Vriter
by Edoardo Marolla
}. T UT rnuelr is knou'u of sternness. But Giuseppe was fcn'ecl to Alexandria, Yirearl;- Catholic liter.a- nevertheless given a good eclu- ginia. While in Virginia he
i\
^ ' trrle irr tbe l'rrite,l cation, as befitted a judge's hail charge of extensive mis>tates. Incleed, to the ayerage son, anci he was earl.v sent to a sion fields in both that State
-arman the fact that such a lit- .Fesuit school. Shortly after he anil in Maryland. In Princc
:l'atnle has ahva.vs existed in made it known that he felt George County, Mar-yland, 11t"
-lurerica, even during the callerl to the priesthood anrl church of St. Ignatius was built
:,,hnial da;.s of Protestant do- that he wished to be a Jesuit. through his efforts and at
rLrinion, is almost totalll- un- He was received into the order Holyrood he established a
irio\\-ll. Er.en Catholic histori- October 28, 1833.
iiu,r often take it for grantecl
n'inotti might easiiy have re.
iirat Catholic literature did not mainecl all his life in Italy had
i.,egin to exist in this countrl- he not some years previousl;-.
rntil the days of the great at the age of twelve, read Carlo
t-at'holic immigrations and it is Botta's Etoria clell' i,nd,i,ptenclto the painstaking efforts of an enz(t antericattct,, which, by the
Italian genius, the Jesuit \\ray, \Yas the first book on the
writel and pioneer priest, subject ever written in an-Y
Father Giuseppe Maria Fin- language. This work greatlv
,rtti, that a record of the earl; aroused his interest in the lancl
Catholic rvritings in the United cliscoi'ered by his famous coun-itates were carefully collected tr--vman, and when the opporancl gathered in one great vol- tunity presented itself he came
ume, the Bibliograph,i,a Catlt- to America in 1845 with Father:
oltca Americana, \n such a James Riepler to work in the
nanner as to }eave an authen- Maryland province. Thus n'e
tic register for future genera- have a classic example of horv
tions to study, and to prove the influence of one Italian }ecl
conclusively that Catholics another to come to America,
have given to the iiterar'.v and and it was influences such as
arti.qtic clevelopment of this this one which gave impetus to
country from its very begin- the great Italian immigration
nrng.
of a later day.
fn the town of Ferrara,
The nervly arrived Italian
Ital,v, Giuseppe n{aria Finotti, continueil his studies with t,he
\ra's born on September 21, Jesuits at Georgetown in the
1817, the son of Francesco M. Distliet of Coluinbia and was
and Rosa (Tassinani) Finotti. ordained in August, two years
His father, Francesco, was a after his arrival.
His priestly duties began at
;judge, and, we are to1d, a ver,Y
stern one who made the boy's Frederick, Mary1and, and after
Iife an unhappl' one by his a short sta;r there he was trans259
Catholic cemeterr'. In 1852
Father Finotti asked permission to leave the order of the
Society of Jesus and to be permitted to work as a regular
parish priest. His superiors
granted his wish and in December of that year he went to Boston and became attached to
Bishop Fitzpatrick's Cathedra1, where he remained until
1856. In that year he was
placed in charge of the parishes of Brookline and Brighton, where the exemplar;' rnuttner in which he fulfiIled his
cluties earned. for him the
praises of his superiors"
During this time, in addition
to his regular parish work, the
Itatian rvas busy as a writer
and eclitor. For a number of
.Years he had charge of the Bos-
ton Ptlot and under his able
editorship this journal became
one of the leading exponents
of Catholic thought in this
country. He collected material
fcrr his Bibl,i,ographia, wrote a
numbet of original works, ancl
stiJl found time to translate
many pious stories. This literarv work, plus his duties as a
260
ATLANTICA, JANUARY,
priest, proclucecl a great strain
on him and he was often iil.
But doggedly he continued to
work on until in 1826 his health
crumpled entirely and he rvas
foreed to lelinquislr his efforts.
l'or a, time he restecl at }Iount
on the ice, severely injuring
himself. A few weeks later, on
January 10, 1879, he diecl frorn
the effects.
lVhile Father Finotti 'was a
great pioneer priest and as
such he is to be remembered
and honored, ]ris fame rests
chiefl5' on his l'ritings, fn addition to his Bibliographia
Catholicq Ameri,cana, the following books came from his
pen: ,4 French, Gramma,r, pablishecl in ltaiy; A Montlt, of
LIarp1, published in 1853 and of
which 50,000 copies were sold,
a figLrre very seldom reached
by anv religious book even toda,v; Li,f e of Blessecl Paul of
th,e Cross, published in 1860;
Italy in the Fifteenth, Century:
St. Mary's Seminary
near
Cincinnati, Ohio, but his naturally active mind could not
remain idle long ancl after a
short time he began teaching
the young seminarians. Still
in poor health, he was sent to
Omaha, lrlebraska, where he re-
mained until Bishop Machbaeuf of J)enver, Colorado, invited him to come to his diocese. ft rvas thought that the
mountain air r.vould aid him
and he gladly accepted the in-
1932
vitation. The Bishop stationecl Diary of a Sold,i,er, publishetl
n-im at Central Cit;', Colorado, in 1861; The French LotLaue,
where he assumed the duties of published in 1863 Herman tlre
;
parish priest and set to work Pi,anist, published in 1863; The
with a will in the irope that he Spi,r'it of St. Francis of Sales,
would soon be weil.
published in 1866; trl'orks of
But although his health im- tlte Reu. Artlru,r O'Leary; Lif e
proved, the old priest was not of Blessecl Peter Clauer; and
to remain long in his nerv sur- his last, wliich appeared in
roundings. In December of 1879, Tl.L,e X[ystery of TYi,z,ard,
1878 while returning from a Cli,p. A11 of his works were
distant station where he had written in clear simple lansaid mass, he slippecl ancl fell guage ancl all were of a deepiy
religious character and thor
oughiv Catholic.
The B ibli,o g r aphia C a,thoti,ca
Am,e'r,icana he worked on for
a greater portion of the latter
'part of his life but did not live
to cornplete it entirely. It contains a list of all the works
l.ritten by Catholic authors between 1784 and 1820 published
[n the UniteCl States. In addition, it has a rather long preface with man--v critical notes
on Catholic publishing which
show a ciear insight of the
business. The v'ork was
so
great that it r,vas almost impossible to perfect and his many
friends urged an early publication which couid later be impror.ed upon. Accordingly, the
book was published in 18?2, but
Finotti ilied before having had
time to publish another edition,
and the work r,vas never reprinted. But even in its uncompleterl state, the Bibl,i,o graltlti,a
Cath,ol,i,ca Ant,er,icana remains
today the great Catholic his-
torical document of Catholic
literature in America and it
should be a source of pride to
eYery ltalo-American that this
work is the product of an ftalian mind.
PITTURE VETRIFICATE
(Contittuetl f rom page 258)
'"-etrificate from the more rugged types of the Castelli Romani region and renders them
with keen insight and great
vrgor.
tures that is afforded by the
electric kiln plays an important
part in the technique.
lVhile tiris medium enforces
a certain degree of simplifica-
of the works of the della Rob-
rnate rooms of larger homes.
sufficient exactness of ffhe.r- form effective spots of
graphic statement. Xfost valu- decoration and their sympaable of all, is the rich luminosi- thetic interpretation of picturty combined with tenderness esque aspects of iife are of unand brilliancl that gives to the ending interest.
paintings in this medium their
pecuiiar charm.
Being small, from seven or
eight inches square to five or
six inches high by fourteen or
fifteen inches wide, as a rule,
they are in scale rvith the small
The art of making these
little vitrcous pictures is com- tion that give the pictures a
paratively new, having devel- desirable decorative qualit.v, it rooms of the more modest
permits of a satisf-ving refineoped during the past flve years,
and apartments of our
ment
in the Lrse of ilelicate homes
though it is a direct descendant
c1a5', and with the more intinuances of tone and color,
bias. Ii has been made possible
b1. moderrr scientific advances
in the preparation of colors in
vitreous glazes, and the delicate oontrol of hig'h tempera-
of a
ancl
":q
dd
Merger on the High Seas'
The ltalian Steamship Lines Combine
TT-\l,Y
I tiol
I ti-,"
has aLtvat's Lreett a ttato be reckoned ri-ith on
latter line, comprising
the
Lloyd Triestino, the Marittima
since the Italiana and the Societa ltal="a=. Ever
,ra5s when the trtremes of iana di Sen'izi Marittimi 1reilr cierlt Rome subdued the Car- ferrecl to as the Sitmar) will
:raginian fleet in the first retain the name Lloyd TriesFunic war, making the Meiliter- tino.
It is the opinion of observers
:anean ttMare Nostrumt' in
-:r-PlY sense of the phrase fot' that these two great mergers
i:ire Romans, Itai-v's maritime are to be attributed to the
rame has been no whit inferior Italian Premier, Benito Must.r her other claims to great- solini, u'hose efforts have been
ness. A long list of dis- bent toward the elimination of
tinguished navigators, from competition anci unnecessary
C'olurnbus dor,vn, attest to the expenditures in his campaign
ract that her sailors have been to forwarcl the interests of
anong the first to roam the the Italian merchant marine.
wor'lcl over.
Recognizing the need of a
But this is no loriger pri- u'orking agreement among ltal,lalil-v an age of discovery and ian shippin€i concerns, particuerploration. What counts to- lariy the three transatlantic
clay is primacy in business and companies, the Premier, a few
cornmercial enterprise. And years back, succeeded in getthe Italians, recognizing the ting them together and having
need of presenting a united them pooi their earnings. This
front to the marine competition pool proved so successful that
of other countries, have now, it was adopted almost in its
following the trend of the entirety by the North German
times, merged their shipping Lloyd and Flamburg American
lines, arid more recentl;'by ss1.efforts.
The three great ltalian trans- eral of the stronger Japanese
atlantic lines, the Navigazione shipping organizations. Tire
Generale Italiana, the Lloyd recent double merger, then, is
Sabaudo and the Cosulich, are an outgrowth of the pooling
now unified under one com- plan, and is designed to copany, the Italia Line, rvhich orclinate sailings and permit a
will practically monopolize the wider range of activities.
tfn indication of the scope
traffic between ltah. and the
of
the trvo mergers is the fact
Americas.
ttro
according to L,loyd's
that,
three
other
time,
At the same
of Shipping, the two
Register
steamshiP
pou'erful Italian
will control 746,317
companies
their
lines, which do most of
b;' 100 ships.
represented
tons,
business in the llediterranean
Line
will have
ltalia
The
and with the Orient, have also
420,944
ships
of
formed a single compaw. The thirty-eight
261
;ii':i
:
tons, and the Lioyd Triestino
sixty-trvo ships
of
325,373
tons.
The Cosuiich l.,ine is credited
with nineteen ships of 145,627
tons, the Navigazione Generale
ftaiiana with eleven ships of
161,556 tons, arid the Lloyd
Sabaudo with eight ships of
113,761 tons. Lalgest in number of ships contributed to
either merger is the Llo5.d
Triestino, with forty-one ships
of 219,573 tons. The Societa
Marittima ltaliana of Genoa
has six ships of 39,498 tons ancl
the Sitmar fifteen ships of 66,l'i02 tons.
Various mo\res, of course,
arre no\Y to be expected, looking
to the effecting of savings in
ol'erhead, sr-rch as bringing to-
gether the offices and piers
now maintainecl separately by
each compan,v. In all probabiiit"r- schedules will be rer.ised and new fields erplored.
That Ital). now has two
super-liners being built, tire
47,000-ton Rex of the Navigazione Generale Italizrna and
the 48,000-ton Conti di Savoia
of the Llor-cl Sabaudo, both recentl.v iaunched, and which are
erpected to challenge the North
German L.,io-vdts Bremen ancl
Europa for speecl primacy in
transatlantic crossings, is wellknown. The two vessels are
both about 900 feet in lengtli
and made to deveiop a speed
of 271t, knots, and it is con{idently assertecl that the present running time of nine days
between Naples and New York
262
,\TI-:\NI'ICA. I ANLiAIty.
1932
The launchi,ng of the ,'Rex',
rvill Lre recluced to seven. When each to tre named b_v the N. G.
they are enterecl in the New I. and Lior-cl Sal.rauclo and thlec
York tlacle sometime durinE L,)- the Banca Commerciale
1932, of course, it l'ill autol I Ialiuna. t,r-c f'orrnr-.r holdu: ol
matically reiease at least two the Cosulich .l,iire shares.
ships f or eithel the South
As President of this board
..\mo1"16,111 or Fa r East t r,acle.
there has iteen elected S. ,\" R.
Six of the vessels included in the Duke of Abruzzi, aclmira1,
the combine are well-knol.n in cousin of liing \rictor EmannNerv York's harbor, x.here thev el, authoritl of maritime rnat,
clock regularll-. The.r- are thl ters, erplorer of the North
N. G. L lirrei's An,qustu-q zrncl Pole, and one of the great co1Ttorna of 32,600 gross tons, with or.izels of Sonra lil:rncl. The
a speecl of 22 krrots ; the I)reserlce of thi,c clistingnished
L-osulich line s Satur.rria ancl ro.r-:r1 personag'e at the heacl ttf
Yulcania of 24,000 gross tons, the new amalgamation shorvs
rvitlr a spoefl also of 21 l;nois; the importance attacherc'L to it.
and the Llor.cl Sabaudo liners
Selator f ittorio Rolancli
in the farnilv of the four Ricci ancl the Marquis Gius" Counts, " the Conte Bian- eppe Salvago Raggi fil1 r'icecamano and the Oonte Gr.ande, plesidential posts. Senatc,r.
of morc than 24,000 gross tons, Ricci is l'ell known in the
rvith a speecl in erccss of 21 linited States, to l.hich courknots.
trr- he was formerlv Ambassa,Iust J.refore going to press rlor from ftzll5-. In aclclition he
we find that the nerv Italia rras forrntr'lv plesidenf of the
1,ine, accorcling io latest acl- N. G. f., ancl at preserit he is
r-ices, is to hale a boarcl of c1i- also lieacl of thc Cleclito }Izu,itrector-q of -*eveuteen, -scver-L tinio.
The llarquis Salv:rgo Baggi,
n'lro, like Sonator Ricci, is
Genoose, is a mt,mLrer of tlro
Italian Senate, ancl was forrneril- Gor.ernor of Eritrea,
,\rnberssaclor to l-rance, ancl zr
inernlrel of the Italian delegation to the \rersailles Confer-
ence ancl to tlie Reparations
Conference.
l -", )-ct, it has not been
niade public what parts are to
Jr, lrlat'cc[ jn [[rc nr:n,lr--formed
conrbirrr-. Jty [laptail ,\ ugelti
Ruspini, C]o1onel Merrigio Serrati and Giuseppe Oosulich,
the heads in this countr.v of the
N.G.I., Llo;'d Sabauilo
ancl
Cosuiich lines respectiveiy, although it is expected that thev
n.ill be :rppointecl to high executir-e posts. Another feature
of the mergers that
deserves
mention is that it is understoocl
that the interests of the staffs
and the crews of all the companies participating have been
adequateh: saf eglrarclec1.
L.
-L).
Italian Funeral
A SHORT STORY
By Ciuseppe Cautela
The first tirne Graziella came
T H-\I.just gorrc to beel when
t** lelelrlrone rarrgi. Il was along, on a hot Sunciay afterI
I
noon in July, I was impressed
-alf lrast eleven.
1I1,- telephone seldom rings, with the cheerful mood of the
- i never at half past eleven. little co,mpany. There is noth=i the time I got downstairs to ing more joyful, more boisteri - -.-n-Pr it, my mind experi- ous and healthy than an ltal::-::,i the longest minutes in ian familv out for: a good time.
--; life. That bell had never
"Where's the poet, where's
.-" n,lecl so strident and so in- the writer ? "
I hearil Antonio's porverful
;-::;1rt as it did in the stillness
j. mat night.
voice ask my wife downstairs.
"'llello," came a sorrowfr-Ll Loucl laughter and noise fol-"'-,ice from the other end of the iowed, as if a large compan5r
;-re. "is this Giuseppe Cau- had come in. I clappecl my
hands to my ears.
ttPoor me ! tt I exclaimed, ttI
''Yes, " I answered with apmight as well quit ; it's too
: rthension.
"I am \iincent," said the warm an_yhow."
'iee again.
"Ralph clied an hour ago." I A\ S I rvas putting a\\'fl\ nr\'
writirr{s, m.1' wile came in
"Oh!" I exclaimed, "thank
saying, "Antonio is downstairs
..--,u. Yincent. I am terribl,v with compan]-."
t'
. ,rr5.
"Yes, I heard him," I saicl
" Goocl night. "
resentment.
with
" Good night, \iincent. "
be nice, " -l- wife
Norv
"
''Ralph is deacl," I saicl to
knowing full well
rl
arned
me,
'- r wife.
rvhat
sort
of
a bore I become
" Yes,. I understood, " sire
By the time
when
interrupted.
.iricl. "Poor boy ! Gemma will I got downstairs the
companl'
e all alone now. She divorced
was
feast.
in
fuli
Italians
al, .r husbancl six months ago.
:r
" -\-ow
her only boy.
Pr-ror mother! 'I'I.v head, my
,ieacl !' he kept on crying this
;riternoon in the hospital !"
" Spinal meningitis is a terrilrle disease," I answered.
It was only in the past Sum:rer that the bov had played in
the moonlight with my chil',h'en. A giant for his age, only
.eventeen and six feet tall.
-\ntonio, Gemma and their
ion came to see us in their car,
ancl with them Graziella, with
er-es like veh'et and a skin like
she loses
irlabaster.
prefer r,vine to ice cream.
There was wine on the table, it
shone violet and red, full of
life in tail glasses, and walnuts
u'ere being cracked witir the
teeth as if with a grindstone.
wa,vs
tlfello, " I exclaimed
cheerfully as possible.
t
"Hello,
Giuseppe
!"
as
cried
Antonio, with glass in hand.
You're D" craz! man to write on
a day like this !"
ttYes, f am,t' f said,
"I quite
agree with you. "
"Before I invite you to have
a drink,tt he said, ttyou must
meet Graziella. "
263
PTAZIELLA rose on her
small feet, her dark head
above me. This means that she
was over five feet five inches
tail. Fuli-breasted and well
formed, she compelied admiration. She shook m). hand vigorously, remarking in a peculiar Jnrsk;' voice:
"I hear you were writing. I
hope we dicl not disturb you.
We come from the beach. "
" You are quite r,velcome, Signorina, " I said.
"Yon must come over to see
u.s some Sunda-v, " she continued. "We live no,t far from
it.,,
"IIer father runs a restaurant down the Island, Giuseppe, " added Gemma.
"And rve live above it," said
Antonio.
Then, "I am ahva.vs to be
found where there is good cook-
ing."
"rtnd good wine," added his
wife.
" I must come oYer for dirrnel' some night," I promised.
\Vhile we spoke, I noticed
that -\ntorrio \yas rather familiar with Grazieila. It is not
infrequent that ltalian famiiies become intimate after a
very short accluaintance. For
the moment I did not attach
much impoltance to it, but m1
interest was further aroused
when on succeeding visits Graziella came along as if she were
a member of the famiiy. It
was puzzling to me when I saw
Antonio's wife, Gemma, look
on as if amused at her husband's loving ways rvilh *"uziella. But her smile was not
natural. There 'was a hidden
tear in it, and the arching of
ATLANTICA, JAI\UARY,
26+
irer eyebro\vs as she looked at
her feet made me feel that not
ever;'llring was smooth.
DESIDES. Antonio's char'D actet kept m)' attentiorr
alive. His swaggering, al1conquering way, his eagerness
to d,ominate a con\rersation and
his powerful physique could
not fail to impress a woman
like Graziella. A fire was burning within her. It sent sparks
through her fine black e"ves
every time she glanced at Antonio. And the man's voice
leapt to a musical resonance as
touched bv electricity. At
times, late at night, Graziella
would not leave the car, but remain in it with her eves shut,
and her head inclined on the
cushion. Invariablv she held
Antonio's straw hat on her iap.
A11 this was strange, to saj' the
ieast. M-v wife, after asking
Gemma a few times why Graziella did not come in, noticed
her confusion, and asked no
if
more.
One evening Gemma asked
me if she should bob her hair.
" \\rhat !" I exclaimed, horrified. "Your heautiful brown
hair ! \\rhat's the idea ? "
"Oh, it's such trouble in the
morning.
"
"You have had it for
many
vears and now you mean to cut
it! Please don't. Besides, I
don't think you should cut it
for another
"\Vhat?"
consideration.
she asked eagerl.1..
You
rvould
not mind if I . . "
"
ttNo, reall.v. tlell me,tt
she
ansrvered.
t'You are too-heavy," I
said, ar.oitling the word fat.
"Yes, I know. What shali
I
do? I get terrible headaches
from dieting, and it does not
help. "
"\\'hy hother? You look well
as \.ou are.tt
"Mv husband doesn't think
so,
" she ansn'ered
quickl.v,
glancing at Antonio.
"I don't think he means
I
said.
it,',
1932
"He does," she retorted. ,,f have a child. I{er mother had
am ,old, I am fat, and what hacl ten. JIer sisters all had
not. "
chilclren. Her brothers, four of
She looked at him resentful- tliem, hail from three to six
ly, yet tenderly and almost each. To be childless is a terpleadingly. I looked at m) rible humiliation to an Italian
wife and she at me. An em- woman. Children are the highbarassing moment followed.
est aspiration of her life; she
would rather die than not have
them.
"Italian FuneraV' is one ol
the finest short stories rnritten
by th.e gilted ltalian Ameril:an
writer, Giuseppe Cautela, who
catt) ,as in the present story
which appeared in the American Mercury a feu) years ago,
depict in beau,tilul prose the
stronge simple soul ol the
early ltalian in America.
So
it
had come to tliis
! I
thought. Then aloud: "D,on't
believe
you."
him. He still
loves
Antonio got Dp, laughing,
trying to pla-_v the clown in
order to humor his wife. But
she looked at him u'ith a smile
on her iips and tears in her
e,\res.
"Shall we go?" she asked
him.
" Sure,
" he answerecl joking-
1"v.
" Ralph !" she callec1. Her
son came in.
"Yes, ma." She took his
hand sa"ving: "Let's go home,
dear'.
"
A NTONIO arrd Paul lrad rnel
I I in the faetorr'. As if fatality willed it, Paul invitecl ;\ntonio to his home. His rvife,
seeing this athletic, arclent
young man, began to look at
him with longing. lVhen I saw
the three walk together, go to
the theatre, go down to Coney
fsland, I knew that before long
Paul n'ould lose his wife. Why
cloes a ,l-oung man spend his
rvhole tirne rvith a married
friend whose wife is beautiful?
Jt is easy to explain the matter
if 5-ou know the parties.
The ccurtship lasted only
aborit six months. One Sunday
night Antonio and Gemma ran
away. Paul lecognized the
of his position and
one morning tried to justify
his action for divorce by having some officers of the law surprise the lovers in their Brookl-vn apartment. A few months
later, Antonio married Gemma.
TJre-v had tri.o chiidren-Ralph,
who died last winter at the age
rveakness
of
seventeen, and
a
)'ounger
claughter who ciied when
il
a
babr'.
Tt seems that trouble
comes
\err.s fl!.1-o. e\.oil n'ith rvealth. Gemma was the
JrvnxrY
I fifteen, she was a prorrd most
indefatigable wo,rker I
Italian Ma- ever sa\\r. She set out to prove
clonna walking through the to her peopte who had turned
streets of Nerv York's \\rest away from her that she was a
Side. Ancl rvith her r.alkecl her goocl woman and a splendid
husband whom she had marriecl mother. She opened a small
in ftaly, and on the other side, shop in Br,ooklyn, employing
occasionallv, her present hus- from twenty to thirty girls, acband, Antcnio. He won her corcling to the season, in makfrom her first husbancl, Panl. ing dresses. Ancl while her
A.nd she, Gemma, after three irusband jumped from one job
years of childless marriage, to another, she put up the capiwas n'illing to be rvon. She s'as tal when he built his first house.
too healthv and beautiful not to Then she built a second. And
beaut-v. She u.as an
ITALIAN
!.::-si1- her only wish of lux-
-li =:€ irought an automobiie,
. ";:
FUNERAL
to Antonio's apartment on the
second floor. Many times dur-
265
"I
must give him a divorce."
She had tried to persuade
her liusband to morle away.
He ]rad refrLsed, saying that it
she could clrive down to ing the morning, Graziella,
"-: :ifil on Sundays.
For a opening the door, ca]led up
.-r-,e
after
she
had
her
own with plaintive voice: "Antonio, was too late. Concealment rvas
-i
:ue :till lived in a small An-to-nio !" ;\ntonio did not not possible any more. Gra-
ziella's family had found out.
Her brothers one night had put
him with his back to the wall,
sa.ving: "You must marry our
sister or we'11 kill you."
He had askecl for time. And
the real tragedy had /begun.
IIe rvould awaken lfs rvife in
IIE?''
ttYes, I rvish
-yolr,tt she the middle of the night and ctervould repeat, adding': " There mand that she clivorce him.
is a telephone call for r'ou. "
"I will come to see you just
The teleplione eall lasted a long the same even after I marrl.
;r.r-:t'Dt in dou'nto,wn Brook-. -'' orcler to be r-Lear her
-i" -: ,'t irusines,s.
:rl work had used her
:.: -1, ],adly. With the yeals
-,- --;l'L gl'own a iittle fat, and
-r _.r.e aquiline nose looked
her fleshy
-' -er now between
-::!S. She had hoped to re- , - ancl regain some of her
- j-laln] by taking sea baths,
- .'' e iracl rented an apartment
,i , 'rneJ' Islancl, not suspect-
usually hear the first time; but
at ,the seconcl call he would
rush to the door rvith a tragiccomic exclamation in ltalian,
such as, "Ma sangue di-che
c'd?" Then in broken English: "We11, Iliss, vou wish
the
.;:o hair and black e)'es \{as
, ,'-i,lrg there.
In the cvening after dinner
,, "
-: tlrat Graziella with
NI
while.
she carne upstairs. Her confused air, hel flaming c)reeks,
anti her halting step when she
approached Arrtonio, plainly
told how much in love she was
-\ FTER much insistencc orr
' \ tle part of Gemma and l'ith him. I tried not to see,
---:-l 'nio we went to spend a day
-: :r eir apartment at Coney Is," J. It was the first time I had
,-r-
(iraziella's famil-v. A won-
=rlulll' expansive, noble.-:rrrted father, x'ho could drink
, re wine tharL an;- Italian I
:,-:I" Sa\\r, anCl a very hands0me
.-r. iiler, rvith white u.avy hair
' i a slorious smile. The two
- r,s. older than Graziella, alr-- -'st broke m)' hand when they
: ,rok hands with me. The-v
-. -'ked as if they could throw a
-- use down. Like their father,
.--*:,\- \-ere masons, but the old
,-an kept a restaurant now.
It ]ooks as if ,\ntonio is in
,r'
- trouble this time, I said to
.- \-ielt,
"lYhat did you sa-v?" asked
rrrv ryifg, hearing me murmur.
''I said that today is going
:, be a rvonderful day."
" It didn't sound like it. "
not to hear, and not to feel the
restless atmosphere in rvhich
they moved. r\t last the spell "He u'ili come to see his sonwa,s broken l.hen Graziella sat to see me; he will not belong enat the piano and began to play. tirely to her. \Ye shall change
She plaved ancl sang the folk positions. She has fashioned
songs of Naples as if she were a dolLble-edged knife for herborn there. llwo or three times self. I have livecl the best
Antonio sang duets with her. )'ears of my life. "
After a couple of months we
IIe surprisecl me with a po\verheard
that she had divorced
ful tenor voice. AiI the n'hile
Gemma spoke in whispers rvith ]rer husband, and that Antonio
my wi-fe, and when her big son hail married Graziella. Evencame in, all perspiring from a tualiy Graziella gave birth to a
game of bal1, sire lost herself in haby girl. \\re sarv them no
him.
" Change your clothes no\\,,
and be careful ! You may get a
cold. Wait a whiie before taking the bath. "
I looked at her rvhile she
hacl her back turneil to me.
Her beautiful thick tresses had
l-reen cut off.
''\\rell, what is the differ- TT was rrot long aflerward
-nce ? A man is likely to sa-v I that slre eame 1o tttS' lrome
;nrthing in certain places."
r.hile I rvas awa5' and in a long
now,
tearful confession told m.v wife
nice
Giuseppe."
"Be
ttI am alwa.vs nice. "
lto what desperate point ithe
The restaurant was on the
cround floor, and a side door
opened into a staircase that 1ed
" he kept on promisirrg.
X'or weeks the same scene was
enacted until the strain began
to tell on her.
One night on a lonelS. road,
while the1. were alone in her
car, she promiseil him that she
would give him a divorce. But
a thought tragic and revengeful passed through her mind.
her,
affair had reached.
" There is only one thing left
fo,r me to do," sbe concluded.
more, we heard
of them
no
more, until Gemma's boy was
cl.r'ing in the hospital.
I\T
NTONIO visited his exIA\ wife arrd son every eve-
ning. An intimate relationship
is not destro-ved b-v a legal decision. Tlie Italiran husband is
always master. Anyone would
irave thought, now, seeing the
divorcecl couple beside each
other in the same hour of sorrow, ancl talking to each other
with no sense of anything save
the death of their boy, that
thev were stil1 man and wife.
266
ATLANTTCA. .IANUARY,
But you could not help thinking that perhaps the last ]ink
rvhich held them together had
snapped at last.
-f1HE roonr rvirer.e 1he deatl
I boy Jay rvas decorated in
white. 0n1y a silver eross hung
on the center wall over the
botlr'. The undertaker had put
up a large painting of Mary
Nlagdalene holding the body of
Christ over her knees. This
seemed s'o preposterous that
Antonio had it removed. Four
candles burned in high silver
candelabrae; two at the head
of the boy and two at his feet.
The room was alreadv filled
with flowers. I shall never forget the smell of those flowers.
They, more than anything else,
gave me the chill of death.'
They were ic). cold, and their
smell was musty and lifeless.
Besides, it was snowing outside, and as the room was on
the ground floor, a blast of cold
wind came in each time the
people opened the vestibule
door.
\\rhole families with their
children came in. Men, women
zrncl children knelt before the
body and prayed. I saw flappers become intensel-v passioriate and serious. In no place
save before death, I think is religious feeling so sincere. fn
those kneeling youthful fignres the spirit of their elders
reassertecl itself with new in-
tensit;-.
It is not unusuai to see olt-,i
scores settled at an
Italian fun-
eral. People who have been
avoiding one another all ilreir
lives meet there, ancl
for
one
reason or other sometimes
come to blows. There was a
hidden fear that the r,lead bov's
uncles would pick a quariel
with his father,
clue
to his
havior toward their
be-
sister.
Fortunately, the;' actecl as if
nothing had happened. Ancl,
for anyone rvho did not know,
the exterior appearance anc,l
actions of the parents revealed
19.32
nothing of the fact that thev
had been ilivorced. The mental and physical habits of two
peopJe who have lived together
for twenty years are not forgotten overnight. l\{ore, in this
ease, death reawakened an entire past. As in the eiays when
their boy was iiving,
father:
and mother sat close together
on a sofa, and received the contlo]ences of their friends.
1'he Italian character is dra-
broug{rt the shoes ancl laid
them at his feet.
" These are size ning
"
Antonio again, ,,but o,n his
feet they looked well. Ife was
r,vell proportioned.,' Pointing
to a phuiograph of the boy on
beg'au
the bureau he
continuecl,
jin hi}S
bathing suit. Look what
shoulders ! I)oes he seem to be
onl;. seventeen ? ,, While
ever)' one admired the photograph, he burst into tears, :urcl
so did Gemma.
That ended the narrative.
The men returned to smoke
in the kitchen in a clifferent
mood. ft scemecl as if a rveight
of some kind ]rad been lifteci.
.As in the Greek tr:agedy, a ca-
im
" There you see him
matic at all times. The father
felt that the audience present
mentally accused him of neglect of his former familv. In
fact, it had not been so. For a
week he had been iiving with
them, so that he could be near
his boy. However, it was late,
and the air in the apartrnent tharsis had taken place. So
w-as heavy. Until then, some everyone began to make jokes
pc'ople had been speaking in a over cups of black coffee.
rvirisper, bnt now they began to
Only the noble, rvhite-haired
'Joze. Clouds of smoke carne. grand-mother sat in a corner of
floating from the kitcherL, the living room, a tragic nrasl:
where most of the men had indeed, never moving, neyer
taken refuge. Then all of a sud_ :aying a lvord.
den, dr,-e to the question of
someone who wanted to know
V
hou' the boy had died, his
FIE next day was Sunday.
father, in a strange, shrill voice
The furreral was to take
began a long tragic recitation place at ten
o'clock. Latet:,
of the whole drama.
worcl came from the priest that
In such a, case, no auclience is he r.ould bless the
dead bov
more serious and attentive only after
the
noon
-u...
than an ftalian audience. We n'Ieantime the rooms
of
the
litlistened with all the reverence tle home $'ere
crowded. people
drie to a father's sorrow.
stood up as in a church. The
" I have l-ritten down all his flowers had begun to wilt; in
last words," he saicl, ,,for in- the stale air iife never
hacl
stance, he often repeated, seemecl so tedious.
'That bad rvoman, That bad
EviJently the new order
$'om.an !' t t
frorn
the priest
upset the
I could not jrelp thinking i,vho plans of man,v. had
Some one be"that bad rvcman" might have gan to talk of the tr-rannv of
been.
the church and the priests,"ancl
of the stupid, supine aequiestook out of his pocket cence in famiiy traditions.
f-JE
I I t*o folded handkerchiefs.
"f know that priest,', ex" These I shall keep li,ith me claimed a man. ,,Because I
until I die. Horv manr. times f was a widower he refused to
driectr his face, his fbrehead I marr.v me before the altar. ,I,ll
Last week f bought him a new marry you in the sacristl',, he
pair of shoes. X'rank, Frank,', kept on repeelting. And I, ,No,
he called to his younger vorr'll malt'\'me before the albrother, "bring those shoes iar.' tr'inally we compromisecl
from Ralph's room.', tr'rank for fifteen doliars more.',
ITALIAN
1,'UNERAI-
267
,."1. of the bol', who had door Yery excited saying:
*\ r -,:=rer'€tl lelations
with the " The priest wants ten dollars
i ri.:':'' long ago,, would go to for the blessing of the body.
r i : rr toda,y so as not to dis- lIe isays he will not let the
r-.: ,-i'e funeral ceremon,y. corpse out of the church if he
' - :-scussion continued ani- does not get the money first!"
Lri,"-:,-.- and the church c,ame
" This should not surprise
L :.r a terrible lashing. Af- IoDr" I answered. "It is not
":' -:=:ening for a whiie, I went the first time that I hear this.
r.:,- ie. The dav was dull; a Bnt I can't understand why he
,,
i':";-- :k)- lent a feeling of sad-
should have said that;
no one
,-: \Thile half-shivering, I disputed him the price,
I
.i
;i
up
and
clown
the
street,
think.
'
"
,"r., .- lte hearse dr'ove up with
that's what makes me
"No,
" , " { iine of automobiles. The macl; he wanted to make sure, I
- .:" 3 ancl cr-ring could be suppose. l4rhy in Providence,
:rrr I irom outside now. I went they only charge six dollars.,,
r ;::l&in. T,he boyts grand"What are the"v going to do
,
lli .;er'. always alone, was sil.i:_-, si_rblring_the most touch_
r i rlllre in the room.
- rtnt near and spoke con" -:g words to her.
"T,:,day is Ralph's wedding;
--:; 1lt&nlma,s boy gets mar-
: .
she cried.
l-,+le are no words that
"vou
was sharply drawn. The proceecling \yas aitogether unusual. f thought for the moment that perhaps his sympathies had been ar'oused, and
that he woulcl deliver an oration as a eonsoling tribute to
life, to the stricken parents.
But, misery of all
miseries,
here is what he said in broken
Italian:
"I invite you to say a
prayer for the poor one who
has died. Antl as my prayer
must have an act of faith as
well as a spiritual meaning,
my sacristan (while I witl absent myself for a few minutes)
now?t'I asked.
will
seli you a candle for
,, twenty-five cents,
' 'If I were the boy's father,
which you
he said, " I rvoulcl bless him shall hold lighted while I rn-ilt
myself when they bury him in bless the coffin. Later, the
fhe cemetery. "
candle will be placed before the
('Listen," I said.
"Consider Madonna. "
this a piece of business like any
other and let it go at that."
E wheeled
and tlisrI-fr appear.ed.about
There was a
:i: ShJ- in the face of such sor- -f1lfE coffin was carr.ied irrto stir in the audience. Not a
;. I clasped that beautiful r the churelr, arrd \\'e fol. worcl rvas spoken. A powder-
rr";-
rreacl rvith my liands and
1*r::,i it,
-:- the meantinte, the coffin
rr.: ralried outside and placecl
-, :-1! ltearse. I c,scorted thc
lowed. \\re took onr seats. A
statue of the J{aclonna storcl insicle the chancel, at the left center. Numelous canclles rvere
automobile.
,'---'-e the neighbors crorvcling
' ' .i,le-walk, took a last look
- :-r,: l-ror- thev knew so l'e11.
-,I-.-.
clrove to the church. It
'' r: ten minr-rtes to trvelve.
i-,.= rt-as rrot ot'er r-ct. So we
r.'"--'-:,1. not suspecting that the
-t significant incident of the
sweet, how beautiful that ltalian Madonna I llhe prie,.t stood
waiting at the right of it. The
altar bo-v was at his sicle, holcl,
"i iacly to an
'.'-- rras about to happen. At
.,
': l-,eople staltccl to come out
- :'re church, slowh., haltingl,r.
. ,l in a trance.
-\rrcl x.hile I stood at the door
--,.rting, the boy's uncle from
!':',,ridence, R. f., who had not
-,,l a l.ord all the while f saw
--'-. came bv the automobile'-q
burning
all aroiucl it.
Hou..
ing the bncket of hllv l.ater.
Everyone Lrecarne cluiet, ancl
.,ve
all looked at the priest. He
was a man in his late forties,
resolnte, aggressive, nothing
of the meek, spiritual minister
of God in him. His hair, well
parted, was raised up to a
crest on the right sicle. He
facecl us there, more like an
actor about to perform his act
than a priest.
In
gan
incorrect Italian, he
be-
to speak. X{y attention
house rvould have been less
clangerous. The bo).ts uncle
got up and went ,out.
The sacristan, smelling a
hostiie reception, sent the altar
bo--v ivith the box of candles.
TJre bo.v walkecl
timidly
clown
the aisle, offering them. Only
a pious olcl neighbor bought
one. The result of the sale
rnade the priest furious. When
he came out, he looked at us
n'ith contempt. He shook his
heacl, ancl pointing to the lone
candle holcler, he said com-
mandingly to the boy: "Light
that candle !" Ancl with that
lone flickering flame in a rising
storm, murmuring some Latin,
he circled the coffin, spilling
holr,- water from right to left,
ancl in two minutes the blessing
\\-as oYeI.
a
I
Selections From
there comes t1-ie speech at Pesaro of
r\ugust 18th, 1926, and the historic
r-ords of the Chief of the Government:
"I r'vant to say to 1-ou that I will
THE LIRA 15 OUR FLAC
(From. an editorial by C. E. Ferri in
ol fulilan lor Noaember 24.)
"II Popolo
deltalia')
defend the
lira to my last
breath,
,-r-\
lira is our tlag : rhus did seductive in appearance, \vas tl-rat to my last drop of blood."
rI HtheF. Chiei
An obligation: a promise. But it
of the ltalian Gov- of the "gold-exchange standard"
is
interesting to take account of the
in
a
the
so-called
independence
it
and
characterize
of
I .rn-ant
technical and psvchological
recent speech. And weli does the
metaphor reflect, in its military and
war-like allusion, the part money
plays in the history of a people, conscious of the necessity of defending
that temporal law that is the necessary substratum of the spirituai.
The lira defies the hurricane of
calamitous times and remains firm
in its position in our economy: it is
being lookecl upon rvith renewed
faith by the bankers of America,
the woild economic po\ rer. But it
is well that this love of ours be
conscious, that this pride of ours be
fed by an exact knowledge of the
daily and victorious efforts performed in its behalf bv those responsible. Thus even in financial
history there is poetry: figures,
statistics, graphs and mathematical
calculations seem like the strophes
of a great paean that is the song of
Italy on the upgrade.
A recent book by Mario Aiberti
and Vittorio Cornaro documents in
an admirable manner the graduai
coming of age of the finance and
the tactical and strategical phases
of the Fascist battle for the lira.
What might seem to the superficial
observer the resuit of fortuitous
circumstances appears, after a minute analysis of events, as the
heroically attained result of an immense battle in which indeed Italian finance, r,vhich the War lef t
u'eakened, had to combat against
the greatest armies of the u,-orld.
It might, perhaps. have been
easy, relatively easl', to provide for
a financial arrangement by giving
up, however, our proud independence. There were various paths to
f ollow in
stabilizing the lira.
Above all, there was the method
adopted by satellite countries subject to others' policies, lvhich beg
help in foreign capitals and which
attach themselves to the fate of the
hegemonic mone).. Another war',
from governments of the banks of
emission. But that vaunted independence often ends up later in a
veritable servitude to the great
u,orld Institutions.
Finally there was the method
thoughtf u11y chosen by Fascist
Italy. the hardest method because
it leads to the most distant goais.
The pages r.r'ritten b1' t1-re Regime
in this battle would suffrce. pages
u-hich anvone lr-ottld have declared
dispropoitionate betr,r'een the Itaiy
that ernerged from the w-ar victorious but impoverished and the pou'ers lvhich on the Peace of Versailles had placcd the foundations
of their economic dominion.
The months immediately preceding the speech of Pesaro were eco-
nomically tragic months: the Regime felt the financial rveaknesses
of precqding governments, which
the Italian people, in the enthusi-
asrn of the March on
Rome.
thought to have eliminated forever
in their: fatal consequences.
No sooner does the international
situation become grave than certain
consequences manifest themselves
as sti11 operating: the franc under-
goes a rapid depreciation, and
throirglr a phenunrenon oi conta-
gion the rvave of recluction tl-ireatens to become sweeping. There begins distrust, a greater w-ithdrawal
of deposits from private banks, an
increase in imports caused by the
foreseen rise in the value of goods.
We are on the dangerous slope, on
that slope u'here motion becomes
constantll' accelerated, till it attains
a dizzy speed, brought about, in
turn, by German and then Austrian
money.
Norv come the skeptics, or,
at
least, the hesitant ones; now come
some internal currents, hungry for
specuiation to the harm of the people, to hope ir-r a progressive deval-
uation
in the lira. But
268
suddenly
methods
that made of that prornise a realitl',
preparing that decree of December,
1927 that marhs definitive stabilization rvith the return to the gold exchange standard : still more interesting is the quesr for motives on
behalf of rvhich the Chief of the
Government selected for stabilization a particularly high level, a1though he \\,as conscions of the
necessary phenomena
of
run the policies of
governments,
convales-
cence and o{ the diffrculties that
lvould be encountered.
Placing itself above the interests
of anv class, even above the most
influential classes, lvhich usuaily
l-ascism, through monetary revaluation and stabilization, addressed
itself especially to those with savings, with pensions, the workers,
and to those with Government
bonds who had believed in Italy and
n.hose faith r".as not to lre belied.
Thus did the Chief of the Government demonstrate once again that
he is the interpreter of the sentiments and the interests of all the
Italian people.
Let us now- salute this lira inherited from the days of unification,
threatened during the decades that
f oliowed independence, strengthened at the turn of the centurv and
submitted to the greatest test of all
the European conflict and the
events that followed.
It has grolvn out of one age and
into another u,'ith a prestige that at
one time u.ould not have been
:
dreamed of. If 1931 has been the
crucial test for the monetary soundness of peoples and if some have
fallen by the wayside, we have then
emerged victorious from still another test. We have had our
monetary Vittorio Veneto.
Well can $'e assert, theref ore,
that the lira is our flag. And the
flag is being firm1y carried forward
rhe ltalian Press
: ::::\s oi the financial arm,v
-.- .:rour of upheavals for
.. -::::i.s. lhere naturallV arises
"
-
.
-.::
-.
-;t rrhether movenients
so
-l apparentll incoercible
- : r:reho\\r affect us, if only
: : r-percllssions. The calm
i-:-.
--irtful reply
..
c.omes spont.a-
::om an examination of the
, - .., -rolicl' of this first period
: Rcgime, lvhich closed in its
' :ai. Everything has
-:::::, znd provided for; inbeen
*, :-:,rtls correspondence this
be::r. -:e intelligence that antici-
rvill that pro-
financial questions that interest the
future of the world.
glory of Fascism.
Today l{inister Grandi, receiverl
rvith the grratest denronstrations of
sympathy in the United States.
brings rvith him the high authority
of I1 Duce, and unfurls with legitimate pricle our monetary flag.
One of the matters under discussion and one of the agreements at
Washington w-as an exchange of
vier,vs on the international stabilization of exchanges ancl, in general,
ag'reements u,ould have been possi,
pates events and the
cnres the mealrs f or f acing them
lies one of the claims to historical
Neither the discussions nor
the
if Italy had not voluntarily arranged its war debt payments rvith
the United States, and if the Italian
lira, revalued in 1926 on the New
York exchange, had not held fast to
its quota, def ying the hurricane
b1e
iearlessll'. Thus are gathered the
f ruits of the great sacrifices met
and strongly undergone; thus, and
in this manner alone, does the prestige of a people grorv in the r,vorld.
a a
qNTI-AMERICAN AND ANTI-HUMANITARIAN
IMMICRATION RESTRICTIONS
ol
(From an editorial in'(lI P r o gnes o I talo- Arnericatto'
)tlew York tor Noaember 29th, by its ed.itor, ltalo C.
e
s
Falbo,)
TT 7 E do rrot intencl to rcturn in lvhich the most elementary sense
t 1/ to the .ontrou.r.y rhrt of humanity suggests a little wellf Y has arisen ior and igainst meaning tolerance.
'--- -:n:r.rigration restrictions now in
That the greatest rigor should be
r::. The one hundred and Iift1' used for the new "fortune-hunters"
:.-.-:sand immigrants to rvhom the is explicable : there are still too
-: :i \\'ere opened every year under many people, on the other side of
: -a:est 1aw would certainly not the Atlantic, rvho have no exact
' :.'.: nade the condition of the knorvledge concerning the gravity
:.crs resident here any worse, of the American depression, r,vho
: :1.re large majority of them still believe they can come, see and
'..
'-:.d l-rave gone
to meet relatives
::q here and from whom they
..-:-d have obtained the necessary
: --_ -"ll
.
t.
,. ..rceprional l imes. exceptional
.: r.isions. And so be it. Ameri:: consuls scattered throughout
.,:. t-orld have had orders not to
:-. 1.,rse passports, u'ith or without
: :cason, for ninety per cent of
': se n'ho rvould and could-r,vith::: :ne limits of the quotas in force
to the United States. And
-.ome
.-\- are carrying out rvith the
a:.atest zeal the orclers of their su-.:iors. Thel-are sonretimes more
conquer' all at once, in the battle
for the conquest of r'vealth. America, for the mornent or perhaps for
a goodly period, has nothing worth-
while to offer these dreamers : almost alwavs ivhite-collar r,vorkers.
But rvhen it is a case of those
r,vho seel< to reach their or,vn families here resident, it is different,
and
it is well to be liberal in
en-
clorsing visas and passports.
There are children far from their
parents, husbands far from their
u,ives and children; there are families divided in half or in ti,vo: some
here, some there. And yet, even
within the limits of the legal qr,rota,
.,,r-al than the king, or more
i{ooveristic" than Hoover. But those r'r'ho want to join their emigrant relatives find insur:mountable
-le should not exaggerate.
Especially should one not exag- obstacles in the various Arnerican
:r:ate n,hen it is a question of cases Consulates.
269
But this is a rvicked, a villainous
policy, for there is nothing more inhuman than to keep apart and distant husband and wife, or father
and children, especiaily if the latter
are under age; and because there is
nothing more anti-American than
to oblige the worker, who produces
and earns here, to send part of his
wages-American gold-abroad to
the country of his origin in order to
sustain there, as it is his duty, his
own family and closest reiatives.
At a time ivhen diminution in
sales in America is being lamented,
a diminution that brings about a
continual reduction in products,
agricultural or industrial, and a
proportionate increase in the number of r'vorkers laid off, there woukl
seem to be a ciear and direct way
to salvation: to increase the number of consllmers, by having the
f ar-off f amilies of those resident
here come to this country, so that
they ma1' consume, here, u'hatever
is necessary for their maintenanee,
rather than live abroad on remittances of American workers, on
gold u.ithdrau'n f rom American
econom)'. lt is elementar-i' : it is
indisputable.
And 1et at Washington thef insist fiercely on a policy of obstructionism against any relative of an
immigrant .,vho desires to come here
to consume bread and to dress in
clothes marle irr -\merica.
If
the doors of the United States
for those of close kin
rvere u'idened
ATr-ANTICA, JANUARY,
274
living abroacl on the charge of relatives living here, it u,ould be possible to count upon an increase in
1932
tant markets. And n'e still dale to
hope that this is what we must anJ
r'r'ill arrive at, if in Congress a sin-
fuscates the mincl and freezes thc
heart of not a few conscripted fatl.rers, who are neither great poiiti-
for
nate American politics r'vith the sinister influence of their nLrmbers.
population-and in consr-iming cere and pro{ound love for the .'ians nor great et'onomists : and
power-that r,vould quickly lif t rvell-being of the country u'i11 have rvho frequently, nevertheless, domisomewhat the depression in Ameri-
can overproduction, rvhich can no
longer find adequate outlets in dis-
once the advantage over the
r-esidual hostility torvard the nen,courers, a hostiiity ivhich sti11 ob-
a a
AMERICA AND OURSELVES
(\r-"ry, an editorial in (6Il Teuere') ol
_
ber 78th,1931.)
INDBERGII, the
"flying
fool," is probably the national hero of tl-re United States.
No boldness has struck so strongt\,
the irnagination and the sentiment of
the Americans (and of the Europeans besides) as that exhibited by
the slim, blonde J'oung man. The
"Colorrel" later madc his name rcsound on the other side of the
rvorld, in the liar East, in the same
simple, iegendarl- manner; and today he is the most idolized American in America. How then can
\\'e lroL be touched bY the courres\.
Lindbergh u'ished to shorv to .,uiForeign Xlinister. by ffying him
,lorrn from Ner,r' Yori< to Wishington ? The fog_ prevenred" the fliglit.
brrt it canr)ot ol,squ1g the significance of the American geslure.
Ilven had the ne$rspapers and the
press agencies remained silent concerning the feelings of the American nation and its attitude tou'ard
F.ome
Noaem.
the visit of \ilussolini's envor. there
u'ould still spealt the hgure of
Lindbergh: he is young, audacious,
generous, impulsive and balanced
America ail in one, meeting the
Italian vessel r.vhen it had hardlv
anchored in the lr,aters of Ne.l,
York harbor. He is the An-rerica
of l,Iussolini's message, rvhich has
not been forgotten by the Americans, who lvould rather be understood than praised, since in understanding lies the f oundation of
every profound and fruitful agree-
r)rent. 'The history of
modcrn
humanity cannot be conceived u'ithout the United States." From the
War dor,vn to the latest conqr,rests
of aviation, the lristort of the n'orld
is rich irr American names. We
Italians encounter these names rvith
a feeling of aflinit,v, and rve are
proud to link them rvith ours, the
names of a nation lroung, barel,v
f ormed, rich in aspirations more
a
LET US
lor
than in goods, great cspecially for'
the disproportion betu,een her mor-
In the flashing history of the
United States u'e do not seek to insinuate imaginarl, obligations, as
othcrs ,1o, using Iol arr occasion arrniversaries more than a centurl'
old; we limit ourselves to placina
in their just light the results of a
creative bent that has no precedent
in human histor-y. We are the
f riends of the Americans of today;
we do not pose as tutors of the
Americans of a hundred and fifty
years ago"
It is for this reason that we are
glad indeed that, to meet X,[inister
Grandi, Mussolir-ri's envo)', there
came Linclbergh, the hero of our
times, the huppy incarnation of the
American spirit r,r,ith rvhich u,e do
not care to dispute. as the French
rvith the heroes of Yorktou,n, for
a small part of its glory in order
to make of it a "common heritage."
The heritage common to ltaly
and America is the iulure of a civilized u,'orld thirstl' for justice and
peace.
its protective function, other: t1-ran a
tactical instrument for tending to
improve the balance of trade and
realizing its equilibrium. This tariff
policrr, then, cannot be considered
apart from Italr"s foreign policy,
nol from that of other countries,
insofar as this is a function of fixed
economic conditions or serves to
determine them. The
stripped of irs theolcrical
tariff policy, and on lhe other hancl,
recognized certain protective
exigencies for agrarian economy.
The consultants of tl,e Minister
it
_- (From an article by Alberto de, Stefani, lorrner ltalian
fuIinister o^f Financeo in the "Comiere d,ella Ser,aD ol fuIitan
for Dec. 2nil.)
t.
pos-
sibilities.
t
LOOK TOWARD THE EAST
HE Assembly of the National
Council of Corporations, in
its recent {ervid discussions
over the problen-r of exports, concerrrecl itself predorninantly t'ith tl-re
subject of tariff policv, giving it a
probably disproportionate emphasis
x,hich has overshadou.ed other
aspects of the problem itself. The
sensibility of the assernbll' was
closecl in this palticrriar fielcl, n,itli
t1]. result, holl-eveL, of having
cleared and defined nore exact6l
the concept that tariff polic1., u.hiie
not absorbing the entire export policr'. is not and cannot be, outside of
al qualities and hel material
debate.
aspccrs.
necessi-
has thrown light on iertailr
ties of Italian agriculture. Thr-rs,
on thc one hand, the assernbly expressed ifs orln rcalisti,' thoughr
concerning thc tactical aims of
of Corporations in matters of export policy, chosen from members
of the National Council, rvill fincl
themselves faced rvith the real and
rvhole problem of our commerciai
expansion: rvhole, but made up of
a multitr-rde of elements, conditions
and relations u'hich merit individua1 and distinct examination, dilecting and procedure" And when
they consider, one by one, our relative positions rvith all other countries, the,v lvil1 find perhaps that thc
cleviation of our foreign trade from
its f ormer channels, rvhich u'ere
those of Venice-a deviation r,vhich
has been the result of nen'possibilities, especially Pr.on.un. and of
others' monopoll- in the C)rient and
StrLECTIO,\S trROrI TFIit ITAr_I_\N l,t{l,Ss
271
-.-: relative povertl'
Asia
caoacity of the Indian.ge.ople can- lation to situations that are crystal' ' ''a-ltllrst be rectihedofat leastand
as ttoi iuit to off;r postiiitti"r
lized, resistant and modifiable'oniy
-- ---l
- -:r:ai revlsron and as a proposal her former pp.ve1ti,
"'{i_gh
not.
We
ryith'extreme patience- f"
oi
'Foilot'v.did
- ''.'ttuLe develooments.
must look with t i"aiir,.ss on_ the India, which
represents, as"fi
men'-:- -i.1
-'I that great venetian traditio' Indian economic movement. It is il;;a 'ubou", 'one-sixth
of the
:'':
been lacking, witness the to our interest that it i."..t"p;;
;.,;;iJ, iJputation, and which is at
'-:-enot
and export statistics to the our total interest, even if 1t means present
in a moment of travail thick
- -:1i even in pre-war days, par- temporar)
d.ifficulties and deiusion;
:-arh' in the textile indusiries for us. i"oi" nas population of irl;h;;kno*n factor. "nd poriibiliii.;, ;; hrve nor even a commer: in the ind.ustry. of maritime more than 350 millionl;;;-;i;ri;;i
"
jn spite of all this.
;l;T'";;;.i.,..
-=:-sports, which is about
to benefit the entire population of tn" norlcl.
t"
r1
tr"m.
and
fr'om trrai" r"pr._
--,
--:i
the recent merger of our navi- Its foreign trade, in imports
"".
anrl
t""tr
uy it."lf the equivalent of'the
"amounts
exports,
"':on companies'
to about forty combined
t*m. i" u="d;;;; Fgr-H*rg"r),
\ot accidentally.doe.s our thought billion.llre yearly" _ Her balance oi .t",ri",
and Roudan-ia.
"::1 lo India, which is now bui-id- trade is consistently favorable for Prodicts in"buik, which usecl to
:-'J an economic structure such as her, and this permits her to hoard comprise the
traditional imports of
:ender it, for some-^products,
precioul
metals.
The
LlnitInciia,
are
being
substituted grad!!g
:-'--'rrlromous and seif-sufficient for "g
ed Kingdom, which formerly fur- ua1ly by the frechanical imlorts
-fh-"r"
.s r\\-n necessities. Perhaps not onll' nished India rvith trvo-thirds oi h"r t-r..6sritlted
by Inclia;s ne*
j:r:'nomous, because its large avail- imports, low supplies
her r,vith only of development.
'
. -.i:ti- of raw. materials, f r"om cot- one-third.. Itaty'has,
comparative- fn. pr'oUt.-, as it can be seen,
jl^t.,,
in quality. lv. gained .ground, b.ut Jndia-pur- -.;;i;, f,L.uut. of its very detica,.r
.,,
:?.,
:-i put her rn-improv.e$
a-posrtion to.export chases in Italy hardly 3/_o of her and clifficulty, continuoui and inl
u'hicLshe imports. -In iegards-to india our tense attenii6"
ih. purt oi
,._::^::1{-Tanu,factures
:nerly had to buy abroad.
^lso;;
of troreign ig"irt
_This, balance of trade is unfavorable; it the Ministries
' rever, is not a reason that should
-C;;;"rations.
l-as unfavorable by 700 million lire ;;;
Noj a dav
:::uce us to lessen our effor-ts. It in 192.8 a2d^^l!29,'_and by 500 mif,f.J"fa"p"ri U). rvcout".t.p,r"a?,
lbse grourrd, bui rather
: .:lt;jl^:1:31,-"kjngJhese efforts lion in 1930. Maritime . freight ;;;;;;l;
them to charges constitute a favorable pirt to ga;" ir. A11 these pioblems are
.:\\'sltuatlons
-.1:."lllll1'^{.1,1--1dlp,i"gand nerv. facts, and of our account with India. But proLl.,,', of first impo'.ta'rce, oiat
-anging us Jrom certain products hardly any- of the firms *ttilrr *fthem should be treated
,, others,_ despite the .p-ersiste.nt port_bur impgrt trade from- Indla i"*;';jj"";
.;ith
iame
ft;
diiigence, even those
-They
: rlcott of Mussulman origin. India are ltalian.
are, ancl for the til
;;;;-no
vast poritical reso-.-'da1' produces trvo and n harf time being inevitibry,'for-ihe
;;;.;;d
,r.r.i.r."r.|""irlria.'.i
::lles more cotton man_ufactures part English, Swiss, etc. The com'ntst
orbit of daily competition. i|t_r;s
.:an it did before the War. On mercial"ptoht. of'our enormoLls the
applies
also to the Eastern- prob,ie other hand, she is u'itnessing purchases thus escape us.
1e;, essentiai\,
#fri.f.
r:r orvn technical transformation] - The
""ufyii."f, of its
of
buf ing and g;;; V;;i;" the instruments
"techniqr-ie.
::lo tnls olters our exports" nerv selling in
India, that is to say, tl-re [reatness and r,vhich can provicle
;ossibilities, even though different org"n", through which thele opera- Ita.lv with useful traffic and rvider
::om those.of yesterdal'. The
.in- tiois take pla-ce, constitutes-a irob- ."jiin"rli;"".
r:ease itself in the consuming
lem rvorthl, of consicleration, iir re-
a a
THE ITALIANS
IN AMERICA
o.Il Legionariort ol Rom.e
_.(Fr,o1n.an editorial in
lor
Dec. Sth.)
DIT'Hii'. #i;,tr**
Italian centres. In
York,
New
^
Philadelphia. and Baltimore, the
Ttalians living in America werc
able. to gathei_around the young
Jlinister of Fascist Italy,- rvhS
\rought to the great starry Republic the thoughLs of the Duie. These
happy meetings undoubtedly served
ro strengthen ail the more the ties
oi
effection and devotion betrveen
the mother country and her emigrant sons. The festive greetings
that lr.ere accorded to orlr l{inisti't
\\'ere not meant alone for liimse'lf
as an individual, so ready to arouse
people's confidence and'kindliness.
br.rt also and especiall-v for the idea
n
hich he represented. The ltal-
ians in America have felt the immediate, visible sensation of rvhat
is meant b)' the idea that has rerrrimated lral1' : they have seen hol.
arrtl to u'hat extent it is taking
shape in this historic period of hard
times. The pride of the Italians in
America is fully justified, and u'e,
u,ho follorv daily their work u-ith
the love and deep interest of brothers, are even happier because
like that lvhich has a rvord for all
of feeling, a solution for
ail problems. The adversaries of
Italr' used to assert that Fascism
\\ras an exclusivelv poiiticai entit-v,
and of a nature unable to either
ttnderstand or realize the great hunran heartbeats, rvhich ariie evcr,n here in the n'orld in this troubled
postrvar period. Instead of which,
the words of X{ussolini, interpreted
rvith intelligence and with love,
have shor,-n that they are the only
ones capable of penetrating into the
most profound depths of the human
spirit. The Italians in the United
States, from the humble laborers to
the financial magnates, from the intelligentsia to the diplomatists,
have all become aware of the fact
that the Italian I,{otherland is al\vays young and ahvays the bearer
of a Thought that traverses her
bounclaries. For, af ter all, the misthe states
of il
than they.
It has been stated that Fascism
is a great idea of universal rvorth,
ATLANTICA, JANUARY,
274
1932
TOPICS OF THE MONTH
(Continued from paqe 216)
my soul the strength to tahe m\
revenge f or this terrible f all"-and
he
dicl,.
I,Iarconi and Bellini: trvo of the
Immortals. two of Shakespeare's
"God's spies" : what a lessoq rvhat
an example for all posterit)- and
l'vhat glorv f or Italy !
THE PASSINC OF THE
MELTINC POT
first
his
annual reporr to Presf -\
I ident Hoover, Secretary of
Labor Doak advocates stricter immigration and naturalization laws
and suggests the finger-printing of
all naturalized citizens. He also
informs us that only one immigrant
now comes in rvhere five r,r'ere admitted a )ear ago.
Needless to sa)', his report con-
tains manv sound recommendations,
particularl_v as regards the deporta-
tion oi alien radicals who advocate
the violent overthror,v of organized
Government, but rve fail to agree
with Secretarl- Doak on the fingerprinting of naturalized aliens and
stricter immigration lalvs.
On this point Mr Harold trields
executive clirector of the National
League for American Citizenship,
has made some interesting observations in his recent analysis of the
Federal Census of 1930. He discloses the fact that as against 241,700 imraigrants r'r'ho arrived in
1930, only 91,139 rvere admitted in
1931. If from these figures is subtracted the number of f oreigners
who left our shores permanently,
we find that only 35,257 immigrants
were added to our popr-rlation, as
contrastecl with 191,039 in the lear
before.
In the light of these figures, it is
air to ask: Hor'v much more strict
are we going to make our immigration lar,r,s ? As to the finger-printirg of naturalized aliens : What
f
good purpose will it serve, except
to brand millions of men and women by singling them out as people
who must be watched as potential
wrong-doers
?
consti.twting only 11 ler cent of our
p,opulati.on, and, with, certai.nty of a
declease in tJ.r,e ne rt decade, zue are
actually on tlte road tozaard, cont-
plete assunilati.on, althou,gh
frogr_css Jtas tendcd to slow
boiling, it has begun to simmer."
He concludes:
"In
sLrnrmery,
last
itt
whctes
i,ntelligenti."
I recommend
tzr;,o
born, they.make tlte zth,ole topi.c of
EDWAR.D CORSI, ELEVEN
YEARS AFTER
t,lte Antcricani:ing of tltt J'o-rcian'born tahe on o nc-.Lt signifcante.t'
-_.t
..L,IDIOMA
CENTILE"
tfa Htr orher dai- I came across
I one oi those rare news items
.rvhich go directly to the heart and
rvhich make one look at 1ife, not
quizztcally,-as is usually our habit
tenderly, almost gratefuliy.
-but
As is rveli-knor,vn, the present
Itaiian government has given much
impetus to the study of the Italian
language abroad. In many parts
of the tvorld Mussolini has encouraged the establishment of schools
whele little children of Italian
blood may study and learn the
speech of their fathers, that beautiful speech u.hich Alfieri has epitomized in one immortal line:
"L'id,iomq, gentil sonantc e prtro".
In one of these schools, in the
City of l,f arseilles, the children
were told to n'rite a composition on
rvhy they should study the Italian
language. One of the prize-winning essays, written by a little girl,
made a particular impression on
me. I give it here as it rvas conceived by the little girl, in the sirnple language rn lr-hich it r,r'as rvritten and u'hich comes so near to the
perfection of the earlr- masters o{
I talian prose :
"Io aoglio im,farare bene lo
ferchb i I,a lingu,a
con la quale cl.ri,amai la frim,tr volfd,
?n,amnl,o, perch,i il pri,mo sole che
li.ngr,ta itali,ana
vi,di fu quello d'Itali,a e perchb rnio
babbo ha combattuto per la li,bertd,
d,ella Patri,a m,ia. Voglio parlare la
lin11u,a italiana per on"orari migtiaia
lasciarono
im,-
frioionare e mandare in esilio per
difend,ere la Pa.tria e la lingwa e
soffrirono lna non cedettero e morirono con la bella porola italtana sul
labbro: Italia. Vogli,o farlare italit may be said iano per obbedire al Dwce e far
that, zuith the foreign-born
ch,e io son fi,era d,'appartenere a Ltn(r Nazione che pensa e ai.uta
i. swoi figli lontani e perchb ha tante
belle cittd ed i ricca d,i. nonr,ini
this little rnasterycars. The census piece to the thoughtful consideraf,gures, as fure stati,stics, are int- tion of thousands upon thousands
lortant enou.gh, but wh,en cou,pled of boys and girls-and grown-ups,
wi,tl,r. the conclwsi,on of the Wic-hertoo-of Italian blood living in this
skam c ommittee , tltat relatiz,,ely country. Trull-. my f riendi, a little
Ieze'er crintes orc contntilted bl'ttie child shall lead them.
___l_
foreign-born lltatr h1' tltc tntiz,etJ'L.e
Mr. Fields' survey is more optimistic. It does much to allay the
fears entertained by \{r. Doak. \,Ir. di patrioti che sr
trields finds that the Melting Pot is
no longer bubbling over--"in fact,"
he says, "after a long period of
oxlr
uf
parlare
capire a tutti qwelli cl'te mi sentono
FI
L;trVF.N )'ears ago E,lu.ar-cl
LOrSt WaS a yery yoLlng lttalt
that ntatter. evcn toda\.
he is-for
stiil young. H e u as then
winninq his spurs as a journalist
and studying law at the sarne time.
I,
too, r,vas in the same situation ;
I rvas //l'i,rg to write
ancl, at the same tirne, laboring to
get by the Lar,v School.
ln those gay years of more than
a decade ago he was editing a column of news comments entitled
"E-v_erlrrveek"
-i9 an Italian paper
published in New York in which
some .of my stuff occasionally burror,l'ed its way.
In the summer oi 1920 Corsi left
for Italy on a journalistic mission
and the Editor of that paper asked
me to pinch-hit for Corsi and edit
the column. I remember that in
assuming my duties I wrote that I
considered it a distinction to be able
to take Mr. Corsi's place. Well,
much water has flowed under the
bridge in eleven years and now Edward Corsi is Commissioner of Immigration at Ellis Island.
Because of the many duties of
his office, he has been compelled to
relinquish the editing of his monthly news comments, a feature which
for a long time has adorned the
pages of ArreNrrce. (although I
am given to understand that he will,
in the very near future, contribute
occasional articles)-and, curiously
enough, again I am asked to fill his
except. thar
place.
As I write, I am forced to think
back eleven years, and the only
thing that I can say now is what I
said then: I consider it a distinction
to be able to continue Mr. Corsi's
feature in this magazine, and I hope
I may be able to bring to it at
least a little of his keen insight and
sound judgment.
Ad majora, Brother Corsi !
that
?RAVEL /VO?ES
WHERE
Jadecl rvorld motorists r,vho have
despaired of finding anything neiv
under the motorist's sun will cheer
at the ner'vs of the novel motor tour
of the springtime festival to be held
in Florence, Italy, in the spring of
ATLANTICA
1932.
A
MAY BE
permanent symphony orches-
for privately owned cars which is tra under the direction of Vittorio
being planned by the Governor of Guy will give a series of o)ncerts,
Tripolitania (an ltalian colony in with De Sabata, Mengelberg and
northern Africa) in cooperation Stravinsky as guest conductors and
with the Italian Tourist Informa- Adolf Busch, }{eifetz, and Bonnet
tion Office.
For the first time in the history
of automobiledom, owners of private cars rvill have the privilege of
exploring the Tripolitanian hinterland. On February lst, and continuing at regular intervals thereafter r-rntil May 31st, a parly of several cars lvill set out from the city
of Tripoli on a tour lasting from
25 to 28 days and covering from
2,000 to 2,800 miles. Each party
will be escorted by a military guide,
without r'vhom such a trip would be
among the soloists. In May there
concerts by the Phil-
rvill be two
harmonic Symphony Orchestra of
Berlin, under the direction of Furtwangler.
Other attractions during
be the fourth International Book
Fair, an International Cat and Dog
Sholv, a horse show, and fashion
shor,v. On May 1st and Jttne 21th
there will be the classic Florentine
football matches plal'ed in medieval iostumes.
inconceivable.
The number in each party will be
limited to twelve personsr since f requently it will be necessary to stop
over-night
at the military
f
orts,
rvhere sleeping accommodations are
limited.
The route
will take the motorist
to the furthest outposts of Tripolitania, over dirt roads and desert
trails to oases of tropical luxuriance
and to the great sand dunes. The
tour will include visits to ruins of
once magnificent Roman cities and
the
Florentine Springtime Festival will
-
The period during which
these
tours irn ili be made coincides with
the Sample Fair which will be held
in Tripoli next spring and f or
which greatly reduced rates on
round trip steamer accommodations
from Italv are available, both for
passengers and cars. Actual cost
of the motor tour has not as yet
been announced, but it is planned to
keep expenses very low.
A magnificent eighteen hole golf
course has 'been opened recently at
San Remo on the Italian Riviera,
therebv adding one more attraction
to the manl' which annually lure
hundreds of- American and English
visitors to that famous resort. The
mild winter climate at San Remo
makes it ideal for golf all year
round. The new course is situated
about 600 feet above sea ievel and
overlooks the picturesque tor'r'n and
r,r'aters of the Mediter-
Reductions
of from 30% to 50%
on round trip railroad tickets to
Rome from any city in Italy will
be granted from Jan. lst to April
10, to induce visitors to attend the
exhibition of Eighteenth Century
i
Rome which will be held
time.
A
at
that
___-+__-musical program with inter-
nationally famous soloists and conductors has been announced as part
I
actual miles travelled decreased
only about8/o. During this period
spent about 104,000,000 lire
and
lire in new tracks, new
road beds, bridges and other im369,000,000
provements.
A
P. Sergi,
218 Columbia
St.
BUTTE, Montana
E. Grossenbacher,
l2l So. Arizona St.
Ill.
A. Agostino,
301 E. Kensington Ave.
B. Broggio,
849 W. Taylor St.
DETROIT, Mich.
Libreria Bonaldi,
3033 Gration Ave.
DONORA,
Pa.
E. Grazzini,
5,10 McKean Ave.
E. D'Agostino,
The balance sheet of the Italian
State Railwal's for the fiscal year
1930-31, which has just been issued,
will probably be unique among railroad balance sheets the world over,
as it actually sholvs a surplus which
amounts to nearly 10,000,000 lire.
The report shows that passenger
traffrc decreased about 12/o and
Italy
BROOKLYN, N. Y.
NEW BRITAIN, Conn.
in electrifying her railroads
__l-
BOSTON, Mass.
Amaru & Co.,
333 Hanover St.
cHtcAco,
-;+
to remote subterranean cities of
Arabs. Among the towns on the l};"}f"
route are Homs, Misutata. Hon,
Sebha, Brak, Garan, Nalut and
Gadames.
OBTAI NED
of piiots who have
made transoceanic flights will be
held in Rome, Italy, from May 22
to 30, under the auspices of the
congress
Italian Aero Club for the purpose
of discussing the possibility of linking the continents by air.
(Continwed on page 276)
275
480 Main
St.
NEW YORK CITY
Brentano's,
I
W. 47th
St.
A.
Martignoni,
155 Bleecker St.
S. F. Vanni,
507 W. Broadway.
PHILADELPHIA,
Pa.
A.
Napolitano,
1203 Federal St.
ROCHESTER,
Carfi
N. Y.
Bros.,
433 Clinton Ave.
SAN FRANCISCO, Cal.
A. Cavalli & Co.
255 Columbus Ave.
ATLANTICA, JANUARY,
276
1932
ATLANTICA'S OBSERVATORY
(Continwed frono page 213)
ship passed last summer to Generoso Pope. has been appoinred director of "Il Mattino" of Naples, one
of
the.qrea-f organs of southern
Italy.
"fhough he succeeds the Hon.
Francesco Paoloni in his new post.
Barzini, a brilliant r,r'riter and -correspondent, really inherits the mantle of the late Edoardo Scarfoglio,
founder of "Il Mattino" and-famoLls because of his slashing,
polemical style.
Rarzrnt, lvhose greatest f ame
rests on his rvar and other correspondence. is the atrthor of more
than a score of books, based on his
travels and rovings all over the
u'orld. One of his books. "La NIeta
de1 X{ondo \rista da un'Automobile" (Half the World Seen fronr
an Automobile) tells of the trip he
tool< across Asia long before- the
World War, at a time u'hen such
arr Lrndcrtaking u-as consiciered un-
tliinliahle.
New York's loss is Naples' gain.
..BELLARMINE
ciety u'as founded two years before his birth), one of th. -ort
saintly men of his time, a Cardinal
of the Church and an eminent theologian, as rrell as a brillianr lar,r'\-er
and an authority on jurisprudencr'.
He has long enjoyei thi title oi
"Blessed" ; and it lvas onlv last
year that he was finally canonized
by the Church.
Several addresses were made on
the occasion of the inauguration,
arnong them those by the Universi-
ty's president, Fath-er Nevils, Dr.
George E. Hamilton. Dean of the
T.,aw school. Janres M. Kell1.. or'
the 1931^larv class, arrd Dr. Jamcs
Brorvn Scott. a ryorld-famoris au_
thority on international larv. lvhtr
spol<e on "St. Roberr Bellarminc
and our Political Heritage.',
DEATH OF A
items in the news
'UGGLER
A -\fO.\G rhe
.( I last monrh rhat attracted littlc
or no attention r,vas the death at
of Enrico Rastelli,
u-o.rid_-r-enou'ned juegler. VaudeBergamo, Italy,.
DAY'' AT
CEORGETOWN
-f HE Georgetown College IourL nol of November, f931, a
handsomely printed rnagazine' ol
some 60 pages, devoted-considerable space to an ar:count of the
speeches and events at the inausu-
vrlle folk remember him as one of
the most colorful characters of the
music halls of Europe
and North
-Onl1,
and South America.
old, -he was the
34
1-ears
third generati6n in
a celebrated.family of jugglers, an,i
hg )r-gr rouring Europe aCthe time
of his death. His last Anrericarr
ration at its l-aw School of" a tour was."completed
two years ago.
holiday in honor of St. Robert BeiAccordrng to the New y ir!
__
larmine, to come each year on his Her.ald-^Tribirn e, Rastelli,s
most dif_
feast day, and to be ialied ,,Be[- ncult teat was his,,candelabra.,
larmine Dav."
trick. rvhich he was afraid to tl,,
Robert Francis Romolo Bellar- on the srage. but which
usuaili,
mine, born in Nlontepulciano, in rvorked u-ithout any
the beautiful hill country of Tus- he. demonsrrated it rrouble ,i:h..ir
to his friends.
cany. on October 4. 1542, was onc
.. "Holding a giant t.n-bran.h-crnl
of the early Jesuit fathers (the so- dlestick
in his lcft hand
ing a rubber ball on the tip of hi.;
nose and another on his chin, Ras-
telli rn ould take ten canriles f rom
his assistant and throw them one
after the other into the air so that
they ali landed in the sockets oi
the candiestick."
Child's play, indeed, are ordinaiv
juggling tricks, compared rvith this
almost unbelievable feat
!
SHORTHAND AMONG THE
ROMANS
II \
S modern as skl scrapers,
files. subrva.r's
is the
sreel
<Jicraphones
ind
conception usually netd oi
the means
r,r,hiel.r
ans itl',
bv r,r'hich
prrttl-. sill;-stockiuged. gum-clreushorthand,
shorthand.
1lg slenographers make their iii ing.
Yct it u'ould appear rhat shorrhanil
s1'mbois are of ancierrt Roman origin, according to a recent archeological study made by Gino l{as:.ano. His invesrigarion brought to
light the ftrli alphabcr usetl bJ- rncient Roman shorthand u rireri. an,l
they are in many rcspe.is similar
to _th_ose enrplol'ed todal
.
\\/hen Rome was tnisrress of thc
vrorld and her domain extended into every part of the u'orld. the neeil
speedy methods of writing
Ior
brought forth several forms of abi
bre.viated writing b1- sr-mbols.
rvhich were soon idopred ior commercial and business purposes. The
Romans u'ent modern business one
better by having rnost of their accounts and letters of a business nature written completelf in shorthand, rvithout bothering to transcribe them, since the recipient was
always famiiiar ."vith the shorthand
code empioved.
and baianc_
TRAVEL NOTES
.All
o_f
the pilots rnill be the guests
of the Italian Aero Club throtfrhout
their- stay, and several impo"rtant
aerial sholvs are being or$anized
for their benefit. Invltatiins
are
limited to fliers r,vho have crossed
any ocean in heavier-than-air machines, airships being excluded.
-'-]The Rezzonico Palace in which
Robert Browning lived while in
Venice, has been purchased b1' the
ln
(Contittued from
lage 275)
cil1'-of Venice to house the Museum
of l,renetian Art and Corturn.s. fir"
Palace is a marvelous seventeenth
centu-ry buildine on rhe Crand
!rry1, and has numerous frescoes
by Tiepolo. Robert e.owning diJ
there
- in 1889._.1
A national Floriculture show will
be held at San Remo from April 3
to 7, with more than orr. huid..d
exhibits of roses, carnations, plants
n'ith ornamental leaves, flou-erins
plants and other varieties of potted
and cut flo1'ers.
The three hundredth anniversary
horse race to be run in
of the first
the famous square in Siena will be
celebrated this year and the inter-
nationally f amous Palio
races
which are held annuaill' on July 2
and August 16 wili be more giamorous than ever.
the bouquets
llofn,
on thn
POmO
dustries.
One of the plays u,'hich is nightll'
attracting capacity houses at the
Henrl'Xliller Theatre is "The Good
Fairv." It is a light,
rvhimsical little play by
amusing,
\,{olnar. A
sure cure {or the depression. The
expectancv
of
go'od and the possibil-
it1 oi something out of the ordinarl'
happening pruvide the basis for the
storl'. The resultant situations and
complications are delightfully entertaining. The lt'himsical is carried
out still further in a most unique
epilogue uhich keeps the audience
in a state of good humored suspense
up to the curtain.
The cast is very good. Helen
Ha1-es, u ho has returnid to us f rom
get
-in
retold on the stage. Lee Tracy,
hou'ever, is equal to making us forget the shortcomings of the storl-.
There are none rn'hile he is on the
stage. He gives us 'one of his veritable u-hirlwincl performances r,l'ith
his u.ual bof ish sincerity.
The storr., lvhich is the lorv dor,vn
on the l-righ pressure tlpe of publicitv used in the movies, is so far
different f rom the other plays r,vhich
u'e have had exposing the movie
u"orld that the subject seems quite
**
"The Passing Present," which
rvas presented by Arthur Hopkins,
proved to be a touching little history
of the ultimate ending of many of
our old \eu' York famiiies. The
essence of r,hat the family name
has meanr in rhe past and the effect
of the high tensioned present upon
tle
movies to piay the title role,
does so most charmingil'. Always
the nen-er and more sheltered generation had been caught perfectly.
a capable actress, X4iss Haves seems
evei -o.e so in this play. She is
old standb.r- establishments on Fifth
Avenue n'as sold. The moment it
had changed hands it r,'as thrown
open for the general public to view,
a seeminglr' baring of the family's
verv sou1. Such disregard for the
fascinating; and rvith all credit due
Miss Ha1'es the theatre is able once
more to boast of having satisfied
patrons leaving its portals.
>F**
the
Playhouse is a play of Ruth Gordon
others. The scenes are laid in
Vienna and many references are
made to the business life of that
locale. Fortunately neither the
and
author nor the actors have taken the
stort' too seriousll'" Ilence 1,ve are
able to have a delightful time laughing at the manlr amusing lines and
u.atching Ruth Gordon carry off the
cream of the situations. Of ten
r'vhen the story is skating on thin
surfaces it seems as if rhere u'ould
be no plav at all if it were not for
her. Nevertheless rve do not underestimate the good work done by
the others nor their willingness to
keep in the background that the
leading lady may shine all the more
rr-insomelr'.
*
Onh'a ieu' vears ago one of
sacredness
"The Church Mouse" at
j
er coloring here and there to
the pathos and the heart beats over
order to hold the interest rvhen
ne\1-.
>k
>i3
There is no doubt but the story of
"Louder Please" is authentic, perhaps verbatim from life. But-life
as it is lived in realitl-needs a little
retouching-a few flishes of bright-
as
Another piece of old time theare,
although not nearll'so ancient, rvas
B,J MoJqn Ch"i'li"
i are glad to report that
several of the pla1.s on
Broadrvay are doing good
business. Inasmuch as the theatre
u'as the first to feel the effects of
the clepression this might conceivably be the best and surest indication of an uprlard trend for all in-
of the debutantes
wel1.
the
of intimate associations
and the indelicac,v
of the pryers
rvas nicelr-brought out in this ptra.v.
Although Hope Williams has improved a great deal since the first
time rve san' her, in this her part
was so saccharine u'ith big sister
stuff that it n-as scarcelv a fair test.
It rvoulrl have been a tisk for a {ar
more clever actress than Miss Williams. Seleral of the others did
excellent n-ork, among them. Helen
Strickland, C1-ri1 Scott. I'Iorgan
Farlev and Josephine Brou'n.
"The Streets of New York"
w-as
the old time theatre of the days oi
the 1857 panic. Surprisingll' lpropos in 1931, far fetched and overdone, it kept the audience in hysterics most of the time. The play,
presented by the lderv York Repertory Companr'. makes us hope their
five forthcoming productions u.ill
live up to this one.
Sam Wren and Dorothv Gish
carried off the honors of tLe evening, with the former carrying off
277
"The School For Scandal" with
Ethel Barrymore as Lady Teazle.
This of course was piajed in ali
sincerity and had a charm and
glamour connected with it that ure
miss in the theatre of todar'.
***
"After A11" at the Booth started
off r,vith a very good first act but as
the play went on
r,r
as unable to keep
up the pace. The subject \\.as one
of universal interest-the growing
apart of children and parents.
There lvere many lovely little
s-cenes in the play ind of ihe performances lIiss Perrt''s lr as t-r,,rs.rally good both from the standpoint
of poise and freshness.
If
depressiclns could
put
a,n end
to people doing work for which ther.
have no natuAl aptitudes, even del
pressions u'ould be weicome. With
so_ man)r actors idle,-capable actors
who have done things- and know
their r'vayabout on the"stage, it does
seem a bit incongruoui that in
"Brief Xloment" n-e shoulcl be
compelied .to endure having Alexander Woollcott throwing ai entire
play out of rhythm. Arid if there
was no controlling his conceit and
his desire to act,.- he should have
been r,r iser that to have pitted himself against Francine Larrimore.
Mjss Larrimore, u'ith no seeming
effort, can hold an audience frofr
the.moment she steps on the stage
until she makes he. exit. n"ut
therein lies the secret of art. There
is more to acting than meets the e1.e.
Tt is more than jrrst spouting lines,
be thel ever so ileve..
The Public Be pleased
4.oo
to
$3.00
to
$
BOSTON
PROVIDENCE
(Above fares include berth
in cabin)
The splendid steamers of this
line sail from Pier 11 N. R. (ft.
of Liberty St., N. lI.) daily and
Sunday, 6:00 p.m. Outside staterooms, with running water, g1.00.
Phone BArclay T-1800
ORCHESTRA AND DANCING
col
oNrAL
LINE
ATLANTICA. JANUARY,
278
Prof
1932
shell brought him by the Indians
he decided that Lower California
H. 8,. Bolton, Knighr
Commander
HE Italian
Government fit-
recognized last month
the remarkable achievement
tingll
of an eminent American historian
rvhen, on December 15th, the title of
Knieht Commander of the Crown
was beslowed uPon Proof italy
-Herbert
Eugene Bolton of
fessor
the University of Caliiornia ,bY
Consul Generil L. Nlanzini of San
Francisco at a dinner held in that
r'vas a peninsula.
"The map lr'hich he macle of his
exploration, published in 1705. was
Arizona and Calif ornia." It is
calle<l "Kino's Historical Memoir"
in tu''o volumes.
Eusebio Francisco Kino was
born near Trent of Italian Parentage in 16'15, joined the Jesuit. ord"er, and in 1681 ied an exPedition
designed to colonize the peninsula
of California. In the r,'u'ords of
Pro{essor Bolton : "Destinv reserved for Kino a more Promising
field. \{issions had alreadY been
city.
ihis title, the highest anard of established over all of southern and
the order of the Crown of ItalY, is eastern Sonora. But beYond, to
selclom given to {oreigners. To the lvest and north, 1aY the virgin
Herbert Eugene Bolton, one of the territory of Pimeria Alta, home of
greatesi of- American historians. the upper Pimas, a region u'hich
6ead of the History DePartment comprlied r,r,-hat is now northern
and Bancroft Library in ihe Uni- Sonora and southern Arizona. At
Vice Presi- that day it rvas all included in the
versity
-ofof California,
Historicai district of Sonora, to which it beAmerican
the
dent
Societ1,, Fellow of the RoYal His- longed until 1853, when the northtoricai Society of London, member eril portion was cut off b1" -the
of the Soci6t6 de Americanistes of Gadsden Purchase. Father Kino
Paris, member of the Sociedad de arrived in Pimeria Alta in March,
Historia y Estadistica in Mexico, 1687, the very month rvhen La Salle
Knight Commander of the RoYal met his death in the rvilds of cenOrdir of Queen Isabel of SPain, tral Texas, and began a term of
this Italian-honor was bestowed be- service that was to last for twentycause of his most remarkable and four vears." By 7702 Kjno had
best loved work, that on the life exploied the Gulf of Cali{ornia
belief
and achievements of Father ".r-d dit.o,t.red that the long
Eusebio Francisco Kino, Italian in Calif ornia's island f ormation
missionary, "who led the wav into was an error, for through the blue
noi i-ptoued upon for niore than
2 centtiry." Kino's life and work
far excelded a possibilit.v of even
a glimpse in this short sketch. "He
rlied as he had lived, u'ith extreme
humility ancl poverty. No one
ever sa\v in him an1' vice t'r'hatever,
for the discoverv of lands and the
conversion of souls had Purified
him."
Dr. Bolton's historical n'ork is
monumental. No other u'ord will
express its magnitude, but "vividll'
beiutiful' tel1s its chart, '.er. I)uring the last three years orlll' he has
nulblished f our volumes of the
hirries of Frav Francisco Palou,
the companion and historian of
Tunipero Serra. founder of CaliTornia, ''Crespi. Missionarl- Explorer, 1769-1774," a live volume
wolk "Anza's California Expedittons, 1774-1776, and the for-rnding
of San Francisco," "The OutPosts
cf Empire," anci much more birt
always-deep in his heart, on the t"rp
of his pen, as an inner voice singing
to his soul, is "Kino."
Dr" Bolton sPent last summer in
Spairt and Italy, bringing from the
latter country many loveh' views ot
his o\vn taking, through all of
ivhich was the music, the love and
bcauty of his sPiritual comPanion,
Franiisco Eusebio Kino. S. J.
l
the kevs of the building over to
Attr,. De l,{arco, Grancl \ienerable
of ihe (lrcler in Marl'land. After
the iatter's thanks, several spealiers iollon ed, among thern Rev.
il Urgolo, tl're repr&entatives of
great
a
the Glovernor and the \'Ia1'or. Mr"
rooms,
for,rr large n-reeting
reception hali, librarY, basement, l)e l\'{arco. \'Ir. Flaccomio, and the
liitchen, manY rooms, etc. The re- Italian Consul,, Dr. I-ogol-rso. The
ception ha1l can ho1cl 1300 persons Dro{ranl u as l,r'ouglrt to 3 close
comfortably seated, and 120 more ir itI specclres 1,1' I trdge F.rrgenc
PhiladelPhia,
can be acCommodatecl on the bal- Alessandroni of
Grand \-enerable of the Order in
con \'.
Nl[ore than 1500 persons were Pennsylvania, and b1' Gr. Uff .
preseilt at its dedication last rrtonLh. Giovanr.ri Di Silvestro, SuPreme
to t itncss the elaboratc 1)rogranl Venerable of the Orcle r Sons of
schecluled. The Governor, the Italy in America.
Credit f or having clone such
Mavor (both of u'hom could not
attend because Lhc.r' 1ere out of laudable rvorli goes, of course. in
tou n). and all thc Italiarr soe i- large part to the Executive Cometies and clubs of Baltimore uerc mitlee-entrr-rsted with all the details
represented. After the benediction of the project. Besides the chairof
by Rev. D'Urgolo. delegate of man, V. Fiaccomio, it consisted
Archbishop Coriy, V. Flaccomio, X'Iessrs. S. Bodor, F. Della Noce,
chairman of the Executive Com- G. Audisimi, G. Broccolini and G.
mittee that brought the work to Manf red.
The ltalian Garden
in Baltimore
I
A
l-TER sonrc t\veni\ \'ears oi
:h:ll ii * li;ru;i .li,i',.
itt' in Baltirnore no\\'
li
has a nragnih-
of its oN n, the
Italian Garclen, through the able
efforts of tl-re Order Sons of ItalY
.'cnL l raliarr hilLtse
in America. The noble ancl imposing ct1ifice, oF6cialll dr,licated orr
DEc oth. ;r u1 $0n-810 5an Paul
Street.
An indication of the scoPe of the
project may be gained bY the iact
it.r"i tn. total cost of the Italian
Garden is in the neighborhood of
$90,000, $34,000 of rvhich rn'as paid
in 1925 for the Propert)-, and the
remainder for the construction of
the building. EquiPPed with all
modern appliances and conveniences, the Italian Garden contains
completion. spoke briefl1
,
handing
tsOOKS
BOOKS
iN
REVIEW
279
IN REVIEV/
(Continu,ed, frouc page 214)
rise of opera in the various countries where it has flourished most,
Italy, Germany, France, Spain,
Russia, Great Britain and the
United States.
Among the inlluences rvhich the
author says have given ItalY a
primacy in the art of singing from
the 5th century to the present da.v,
he emphasizes three. First of ali.
the "language is 'made for' song,"
because of the vor,vel endings ; secnndlr'. song lras always been fostered by the Church. and ltalr' lras
for centuries been the seat of the
Church in the rvest; thirdly, both
opera and oratorio arose in ltalr'.
"And so," concludes \'{r. Scholes
in his chapter on Italy, "in about
1500 words I have essayed to drau'
the operatic map of three and a
qua.rter centuries." The obvious
criticism that 1500 words is far too
sl<etchy for the subject also applies,
r,vith equal force, to the book as a
r,rthole.
STOCK ,91.1,'INDLERS IND TI'IEIR
XtETHODS. By Ckarles B.
209 fages. Ne',u
Frasca, Ptftlisher.
Frasco.
B.
York: Charles
$2.
\TO doulrt even in tirnes lik*
l\ 1rr.r., * hen most peopl.
steer clear
of
stock investments
as
they
would frorir a Plague, a book
-the
type of "Stock Sr,vindlers
of
and Theii }Iethods" fills a need.
This book is interesting in that the
author, for 12 years, has been "exposing many stoch frauds and reioveritrg thousands of dollars," and
thus presumably writes from expefrence.
-
Mr. Frasca by no means indulges
in hazy generalizations. In blunt
prose, he lists and explains scores
of war-s bv n'hich stock srvindlers
poiiticians. and present methods of
electing and appointing judges.
For someone rith money to invest
in stocks, a reading of Mr. Ftasca's
book r,vill give him a feeiing of
caution that is desirable.
a high pressure salesman, etc., tells
exhaustiveiy of the methods used,
including the "lvarrant scheme,"
the "'slvitch" game. the engraved
invitation method, and many
it is impossible here
,others, which
to elaborate.
In offering his solution, Mr.
Frasca flays the laxity of the bar
associations, the interference of
fifteen percent of the text consisting of case material.
T[1E It'AY OUT. By Hetzry S. Rosen-
tltal. 71 f dge s. Cincinxati, Ohio:
.'Ttnericatt Building Association News
Co.
f \ I nrasterlf introduciiorr 1o this
I lirtle L,ook, an introductiorr
u.hich analyzes quite clearll' thg
econon.ric situation in brief since
the historic Fal1 of 1929, the author
has occasion to say: "Alleged
causes of the depression are
rivailed in number only by the
cures-both ranging f rom the
plausible to the fantastic." I'{r.
Rosenthal. in his analysis, decides
that the trouble norv is that money
"has literaliy gone into hiding,"
and "The Way Out" is still another method r,r,hich, the author believes. br- enlisting idle capital, will
absorb manv nour idle workers.
The authbr's rvhole thesis can be
summed up in the follorving paragraph:
"Aside from some totally unexpected invention r.vhich ma1' ;be put
on the market overnight, and
so
take the fancv of the masses as to
result in a general bullish trend, the
only product meeting the specifications is the single dwelling designed
to penetrate lower economic strata
than do an1' of our present 'detached' houses. The potential demand for such a structure is admit-
tedly great, the field is unlimited,
and-thi security is more stable than
that of any q6rnt...b1e enterprise."
ancl whiie-collar bandits have SOCIAL PSI"CIIOLOGY. By E. T.
mulcted guilible investors out
Krueger and. Il/olter C. Rechless. 577
pogcs. Nett'York: Longnmns, Green
oi millions of dollars ($10,000,000,000, says the author, in the
& Co. .$3.
past 12 years!), and, in all probability, still. do. He tells of the -flHIS is an excellcnt b,rolr ior
I the lavman uho r,r-ould like to
beginnings of the practice just after the war, defines a "mooch" as
an inexperienced man or woman
buying securities, a "dynamiter" as
are the product of social experience
and inter-action, without neglecting
the physiological basis of human behavior.
The approach is inductive, about
get a perspective of the whole field
of social psychoJogy. The authors,
bo'th prof essors of sociology at
Vanderbilt LTniversity, present in
this volume a summary of the many
theories held by the many schools,
stressing, of course, those with
which they are inclined to side.
While touching upon every aspect of social psychology, the authors have emphasized the development of human nature and personality and the extent to which they
A
PREFACE TO ],IORALS.
I}Y
Lf'ttlter Li;!l'nann,. 348 pages. Nezu
Yorh: The I'Iacmillan Co. g1.
n Ntr of the most pr-ofound
\-/ characteristics of thl present
age undoubtedly is the fact that
men have lost the simple, blind
faith of their fathers, the faith that
enabied them to believe that their
lives are significant, that there is
plan in the midst of the confusion
and aimlessness of the universe.
But while "the acids of modernity,"
as X,Ir. Lipprmann terms it "have dissolved that order for many oi 11s,"
the needs which that religion fulfilled have not also been dissolved.
It simplf is not in man to believe
that birth. iiving and death constitute the r'vhole of the human and
spiritual cycle.
In "A Preface to \{orals" Walter
Lippmann, formerly editor of the
"New York World" and one of the
leaders of liberal public opinion in
America, faces the problem square-
ly, in all its signifi.cance.
But those men rvho have lost
their belief in a heavenl)'king, and
they are many, lnust find some other basis f or their moral choices
other than the revelation of the will
of God. And then the u'riter offers
his way out: humanism, because, he
says, in the kind of r,vorld he lives
in, he can do no other. This
moralitv he advocates is called humanism, "for it is centered not in
superhuman but in human nature."
When men can no longer be theists,
they must, if they are civilized, trecome humanists.
NIr. l,ippmann's humanistic creed
has its good points and its defects,
and it is impossible in a short re-
view to do justice to them. Suf6cient, l-rowever, is it to state that
u'hether one is willing to go all or
part of the r'vay with him or not, it
is impossible for the tl-rinking modern nbt to agree with his theses in
the first half of the book, r'vhich is
one of the most illuminating and
thoughtful of analyses of t'hy men
musf believe, and rvhy they no ionger can believe in the lr,ay and in the
things their fathers did.
The ltalians in the Llnited Srares
(Readers Are Inzited to Send in ltens
of Real l4/orth for Possible Use in Tkese Cohtmns. photographs ll/ig AIso
Welcome)
cago by the Chicago .Daily Neu's, the
proceeds going {or the benefit of the
ART
For the first time in its history,
a
microphone 'n'as installed on E11is Island last month, r,'hen, on Christmas
Eve, a Christnas Festival progranl
was broadcast by the National Broadcastirrg Corlpany over Station WEAF,
under the ausplces of the General Comnittee on Imr-nigrant Aid. The audience, over 1200, included aliens detained for various reasons, friends and
relatives, int'ited guests atrd cthers.
Soloists of several nationalities per-
formed in the musical program. There
lvas a Hungarian dance, Russian Gypsy
songs, Italian folk songs, a Scandinar.ian basso, a German cornet soloist,
a Japanese xylophonist, a Spanish
tenor and a Gerntan Christmas carol,
'besides
a forty-piece symphonic orchestra uncier the direction of Erno Rapee.
I'he solcists included Miss Dolores
Cassinelli and Mr. J. Biviano.
The affair rvas arranged by Commis.sioner lidu,ard Corsi, with the help of
the Welfare Division of the Island, the
The nervl5' organized Civic Orchestra
of New Haven, directed by Maestro F.
Riggio, held its first concert last month
in that city. A performance of Be1htri's "Ncirma" (on the centenarv of its
first per f_ormance ) f eatured the program, and the tenor Radaelli sang- selections from "Martha," "I Pagliacci"
cloorv".al'
of
a
It became knorvn not long ago in
Chicago that James Petrillo, president
for some time of the Chicago Federation of I{usicians, has beerr re-elected
to that position by acclamation.
Professor Romeo Gorno, internation-
ally knorvrr pianist and teaclrer of
music, died in Cincinnati late in Novenber after a month's illness. He
was 60 years old. Born in Cremona,
Italy, Professor Gorno began his n-rusical education in Italy and continued it
at the College of Music in Cincinnati
after emigrating to the United States
forty years ago. He joined the Cincinnati College of Music's faculty in
1889 and u''as still instructing there at
the time of his death. Formerly president of the Cincinnati Music Club, he
was for many years also a violinist
with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra,
Highly successful was the "Carnival
of the Nations" held last month in Chi-
tober 30, 193{J.
Cavalier Ferrera has the distinction
of being the oldest per:son of Italian
parentage born in Portland. His
mothe r, _Rose C. Fe'..rera, is.82 years of
age and has resided iri the State of
Oregon a greater number of vears than
an1- other person of ltalian birth. She
may be properly termed the ntother
of the Italian community of Oregon.
Born in Italy, she came io Americi in
iB51; then went to California bv the
and "L'Africana." Mayor Tully was
PUBLIC LIFE
cently elected a member of the Board
of Education of Chelsea, Mass.
one of
tiic distinguished
guests present.
Atty, Sebastian Tangusso was re-
public :Lnd the comnlunitv."
in the
tion to erdmit Mr. Ferrera to practice
b,efcre . the United States Supreme
Court, indicating the esteem in which
he was held by his contemporaries.
In recognition of his faithful rvork
in Portland trilr. Ferrera rvas macle a
Cavalier by King Victor Ernmanuel
III, the honor bein.g bestowed on Oc-
Nicaragua route, reaching San "Francisco in 1853. She rrlet and married
Anthony Ferrera in 1869.
The Universitv of Pennsylvania
Medical School in Philadelphia is holding its second annual exhibition of
sketch of gossips
H
Civic Opera, accompanied at the piano.
._I4?yor John i. Fogarry of yonkers,
N.
Y., and fornrer Mayor William T.
Wallin rvere investecl list month with
the insignia of the Cornrnander of the
91"*l_ of .ltaly in a cerernouy at the
CiLy Hall which r,r.as artended bv 300
persons. . Dr. J oseph Brancucci,- Ital-
mountain village.
l.
i:
cert held at the Blackstone Tircatrc
wele the following artists of the Chicago Civic Opera: Iito Schipa, Virgilio Lazzari, Augusto Beuf, Iva
Pacetti and the young Serafina Di Leo.
Giacomo Spadoni, alsc of the Chicago
Arrerican Red Cross and the Seamen's
Church Institute, rl''ho particrpated in
the iratrding out of gifts and presents.
Occasions of this sort, thinks Mr.
Corsi, u'il1 do much to dispel the hesitartcl' and fear of the average inrnrigrant stationed at El1is Island.
painting, prints and drawings by physicians. Dr. Max lI. Strurnia, instructor in pathologl. at the llniversity and
pathologist at X,Iisericordia Hospital in
that .city, r.as au'arded second prize
for his "Afterr.roon Confidences," a
ii
unemployed. "Italian Night" at this
carnival was held on Dec. 6th, and
among those participating at the con-
Be
ian consular agent, made the presentation "for signal service renderl<l to the
Dr. John A. Falla, oi the yonkers
Board of Education, presided and introduced Dr. Brancucci ar-rd Edward
Corsi, United States Immigration Commissioner at Ellis Island. who also
spoke. 'f he Rev. E. J. Rossi pronounced the berrediction and Vir-rient
De Carlo, Assistant Corporation Coun-
Four Italian-Arnericans were appointed to public office last monill
through the support of the Columbian
Republican League of New York State"
They are: Joseph Furcinito of Syracuse, Assistant District Attorrrev iu
Onor:tlaga Couuty: Antlrony Miceli of
Rochester, Assistant District Attornev
in Monroe County; J oseph Mauriella
of New York, Assistant United States
Attorney; and Thomas Grenadio. of
New York, Deputy Internal Revenue
Collector.
Before a sele,ct group in the
La.r,r'
Library of the Catholic University of
America in Washington, D. C., last
sel, ir.rtroduced Dr. F-alla.
month, Dr. Oreste Ferrara, Cuban Am-
Chv. Albert B. Ferrera, for ntany
years one of the most active leaders o{
the Italian colony in Portland, Oregor.r,
ilative oi Ital]', ilclivcred an a,ldress on
''Tlre relations between Ronran public
ancl private
ori
law during the republic."
professor
,Ferrara
Dr. Ferrara
l)r.
rrara ls
is a proiessor
orofessor ot
law at
of 1aw
the University of Havana, ar-rd he received his doctorate of laws at the
last month resigned his position as
Royal Italian Consular Agent in that
city, a position which he had held for
13 years, because of ill-health. He is
60 years old.
Born in Portland in 1872, Cav. Ferrera attended gramnar school there.
and then was sent to finish his education in Italy, at the Royal International Institute ir-r Turin. At Turin, he
trunrbered antong his acquainlances
men destined to be promirrent in later
life, including King Fuad I of Eg1'pi
and Manlio Garibaldi, son of the famous liberator.
After gracluation, Mr. Ferrera
passed
several vears travelinq abroad and then
bassador
to the United States, and
University of Naples. His talk
a
was
part of the Riccobono Seminar of
Roman Law. Marry entirrent persollages in diplomatic, public and educational life were present.
Atty. Vincer-rt R. Impellitteri, Assistant District Attorney of New York
County was elected last month as Com-
mander of the T. J. O. Rhinelander
Post, No. 6 of the American Legion,
rmmbering more than 200 members.
Dr. Mario Carosi recently
arrived
returned to his native land to read law. from Italy to assume his duties as the
He was admitted to the Oregon bar new Italian Consul at Baltimore, Md.
at Salem on October 6, 1898, one of
his classmates being Senator Charles
Forty-two Italian-American DemoL. McNary. In March, 1926, the cratic clubs in Brooklvn recelltlv united
Urrited States Senator nrade the mo- in arr organization under the name of
280
THE ITALIANS T\I THE UNITED
!h. Federation of Italian_American
I)enrocratic CIubs of Kinss Countr.
with the Hon. Michael Lau"ra. Depuiv
:Sanitation Commissione., as it, e*'.cu"_
tive 6"or5... Philip Tirone was electecl
exe.cutlve secretary of the new organi-
.zatron.
_ Atty. Ettore Cicrtti of Baltirnore,
has
Leen-appoi:rted Assisranr Citv Solititoi
b1' Ma1'or Jackson.
Judge trrank Leveroni of Boston
nas the principal speaker recentl). at
the first dirrrrcr-nreeting of tlre lnter_
racial Fcllorrslrip of America, portlarr,l
Clrapter. held at tlre Hotel .Ea-r iarrd,
Portland, tr{aine. Nlore than 100 perl
:s_ons heard him and the Rt. Rev.
John
G. \lrrrral'. Bishop o t porrlan,l. iecr-v
modcrn de.rrucrii.c forccs that u oul,l
uproot the tenets of brotherly love
-oi
ard . cn.r'clopirrg Christian ideits
srmp.le tarth. ererllai lrop. and iasting
c h art t\'.
The Circolo Roma, a neu.lv or-
ganized South Philadelphia club'made
up of 200 professionai and busineii
m-en, held its first dance last month at
Metcantile Hall, under th.-p;t-;;;;;
of Judge E. V. Alessandroni ind A. R.
Alessi. James Iannucci head;d th;
clance committee. The officers ol tfri.
rren orgauization are: Louis FIorio_
presiderrt: Corradino Travaglini, i.ice
presidenl; Casmiro Maese, sJcorrl vi""
pre_sidenr; -\icholas Dcl Conte, finan_
cial .secretary; Alfred Leoncavallo, ie_
cording secretary. autj \ icholas' Di
rretore,
treasurer.
. One ot the oldest Nerv Englancl Ital_
ian societies drer,v attention 6G in N._
vember r,r.hen the Colurtrbus Associates
of Boston celebrated its 40th anniver_
sarlr at the Ner,v American House, with
Stephen Molinari hezrcling the ceiebri_
tion committee. Gus L&erone is the
present head of the society, u,hich is
the oldest of its kind in Boston.
The I atin-American girl .n,as tire
SOC IAL
topic of a talk recently -made before
tlre Aurora Society of philadelphit t\:
Judge Felix Forte of Boston, profes_
Mrs. Lerra Fusco'Hurlo;;, ;;;;;l#
sor of Iarr- at Bosturr U,,,re.iiiu. -r"_ tlrrct'.
attorney. fenrirrist and iuffraeist.
ccrrtlv rlelivercd arr addres, U.ioi. if*
who
recenrli
Circolo Italiarro of Boston on tlre little_ Antelica, lhere rerurned i;";;--l;-u;i;
she spent three \ea;s
Klrown._.1)ul rnteresting topic of ll.hat
ilre, ttahall \\ onlan lras been like and studying tlre proeress of women.
acnrcvcrl ln hlstor)-. Arnong other
To head th.e neuly {orrrred Junior
.Itaiian
thrngs, tlre fir:t public lioslriial as
Arrer.i..an Club ol poitland,
,opened by an Italian 1\,oman.
Oregon. Joseplr Casciato, one of thi
loundels. u as last
rrnanimouslv
Congressman Peter A. Cavicchia of elected president. month
_ Other ofEceis:-' d.
Nevvark, r'"'il1 be honored .rith- u b""_
A. Fe rr_era, vice-pres.; C. Chiotti,
quet !f' the Order Sons of Italy in treas.;_.
Et_. I{. Jachetta, advisor; M.
Nerv Jersel' on Sunday, l"""iii 2+ii
Be.rardinelli, recordirrg sec.; A Buzr._
at the Elks Club in thai ciiy. Th; ba;_ elli. fin. sec.: and D. Casciato.
sergcant
quet.$-as to have been held last
at arms. The age limit set by thJclub
but it u-as postponeci to. ..u".ut"June,
i.ll
is from 15 to 35.
O11S"
The Ex-Combattenti Associatiorn of
Rochester, conrposecl oI tncse *.ho
. th.e Ita)ia:rs of_ Nerv Jersey arrtl
vrcrnlt]' learned u ith sorrorrt le,t lnorrth
served ir.t the Italiall arnry during the
o.f tire
dcarlr o, t'",;i,,i.'i;i;i
War, held its annual ball la.t raonth
'utldcrr
yezz-c at
llre age of oZ irr Leorria. N. at the Seneca Hotel in tl-rat city, with
J. l)r. Pezze .r,r.as rvidely krio,i n as the Paul Muscarella, Deputl' Aiiorney
trrarr ho organize,l the J erscy Clt'v
General, as.general chairnrin in charge
.y.
Drarlch
ot flre I)an1e Aljglrieri Socierv of the affair.
.lrrto ouc of tlre most iufiuerrrial irr ili'e
c,,un1r\', arrd the orriy one to orr.lr its
For the fifth consecutir.c 1'ear. Attl-.
ou-n homeJohn A. Di Pesa of Boston. ivas eiectecl
_ B. orn in -\gordo irr the lrovince of late irr \*uve]']lber as ('orrrnrarrrler o:
I:;ellulto. ltai.r'. he u.as graduated in the Revere Post of the Anterican Lenr(drcrne at tlle Ulriversirl.of padua, gion, u.hich norv has one oi the largest
arrd afler.$ ard carrre 1o tii. .;;;;;:
member.sliips in the State and a builclabout J0 J ears ago. It was in 19tj9 ing of its orvn erected iast
1,sx1,
that,,uith. rhe,aid of a ferv others, he
tound_ed the Hudson Counrl. CorrriuitThe annual election ior o.f[cers ar.rd
tee of Ihe Dar,re -A,liglri.r;. i,,Jlulfi it
directors of the Circolo Itaiiano of
up to t1s pr(sent positiorr.
Philadelphia, heid last month showed
r,,r
:S
.
"The. preselt ntontent irr interltation_
ar relatrons: '1-lre position of the United
51ates and Ital_v" ii.as the ritle of a lec_
ture _delrvered Iasr month by ttre Ital_
^Ufi.
ian..9onsul
.in New Orleani, i"".
Gallina. hefore tl,e ltaly America S.r_
clety oi tlrat cit_v. Dr. Callina recenllv
succecdcd ro rhe post fornrerly held bv
l)r. Mario
..
Dessaules.
Members of
the Italiarr War
Vrtcrans. Association were guests last
month of Proi. Giuseppe pr"errolini ii
the Lasa italiana of Columbia Urriver_
sJty rn -\erv York. After a visit
through rhe Casa, the nrenrbers fisteneJ
to addresses by Prof. prezzolini
rJr. salvatore "Bonanno, presidentand
of
rne ,,\ssoclatlon.
the follog'ing results:
President John Alessandroni
r,vas re-
for the third term, unopposed;
First \''ice President Edmund-D'Anrbro.io uas re-elected, unopposed. Alhelt Fl. Rosica was elected -second vice
president; Secretary Alfred Chiurco
elected
u,as re-e1ected, unopposed; Treasurer
John Crisconi was re-e1ected.
The members elected to the board of
directors are as follows: V. G. Carpinelli, Dr. V. Arrselucci, Prof. Pasquile
Seneca, R. G. Carpinelli, F. J. Mont-
more, Dr. S. Miceli, John Festa,
Arnerico de trIartinis and Ser-ero Altonelli.
of
tl-re phenomena
281
legiate- football
is the selection, at the
end of every.season, of mytt,icit iii_
r.rrnertcan, all_sectlonal or all_city
teams. With so many Italian name's
outstanding in the lineups of the coun_
try's learling tearns, it is obvious tiiat
an i talian All-American f ootball rcam
c1n_ be_ picked every year comparable
with. the- best. .I-lte itali,an E;i;";i
Rhode Island makes a practice oi
sgle_cting sqch a
1931. selections
Jornrng, page
team eve.y 1iear, anct its
are carrii,l' ;;r' ;;-J_
oi this issuc.
,
As Anthouy petronclla poirrts uut
one or nrore Italiarrs on t lreir tearns.
"and ir sorie cases, u,
1,".,,.li,-irrJ
succcss ot thc tea]lr deperrdccl
",
aln)ost
irr
., paper,
urat
rnosL nrajor colltges boasted
entirely _upon thenr. O" if,,. ;;l].g.
tearrrs througlrout tlre courr:ry thcie
\\'ere llore tlri.rr IUU first_srrilg c.o1_
tcge Irla) er\: a youthf ul, vibrarrt "burrch
tf at, played rhe-garric *i,h .il;;;;;;_
rrc rraltan grrt arrd courage.,. Tltouc,lr
ti,;s j
..rrusr be adrritred Lt
AII-ltaliarr tcaru is not as"i5lroltg asea?ii
the
l9j0 .con.rbirratiorr, * t, jch' -."--,,i";,,"A
sucir lunrrlarres as Carideo of Notre
Dalne, Macalu.o of ('olgate, Siarro oi
rt
York Unive.sitf ai;';,1,;;;:",h;
outs.taniirrg r)anres itseli, i,r.f",i;,,1
(Jrrl ot Culgate. \'ir.iano aud F.crrari
oJ Uorneli, perina of lenrrsylvania,
Toscani o_f St. Mary,s
th.-p*ifl-J
Coast, and others.
""
Conc,e_rnirrg rhe possibilities for next
year.. Mr. Prlroilella Irsts, as those
-Br;;;;
wort.l). watching, Buonanrro'
De Rita of Rliode Island Star{'Marl
"f
chi of -\- Y. U., Conti .i V;iL;;;;.
lvlattra ol. R]]tgers._
_Esposito of \\,agner, Lunriuello of Villatrove
and I{i[_
liore of Columbia.
to add, or possibly lris ar_
.. Hiforgut
ucte
was wrlttelt before the evellt, tlte
names of Tecl Romairo, quarterback oi
Brorvrr,_
-rvLo has been'eilctei .;;i"i;
of tlre 1932
re.a.rr, and fn," Lo-Liurli.
5J'racuse tackle. wlro will captain tlre
()rang'e ejeverr rrext vear.
. It is irnportant to take notice, irrci_
dentally, of the fact that, on the Asso_
";;_
Ne-w
193i agg.regati.'n boairs o1 sonre reallv
_
ciated Press's a11-Eastein
1e'cted by. consensus of the
"l;";;,
.".tior.;,
sports rvriters. t\vo Ilalian.
the first teanr. and two trrore
"pp."r;n
on tlre
second: Orsi, end, of Colgate and Vi_
ol Corncll and Caval_
rerr, end, of Holy Cross and perirra.
iullback. of Peirnsylvarria. Anrorrs the
lronorable nrentions irr this all- Ea-stern
1S3T. .r.. Vavra, errd, of N. y. t'.,
Pichitino of Allcgherry and Lorr:bartli
vla.rru. hal[back.
ot Syracuse. buth tackles, (jrenda.
guard. of Columbia an<1 Ferraro. Iraiij
Lack, of Cornell.
New York Cirr.'s lrjeh sclronls also
had a good crop of ltalian foorball
p'layers during the 1931 scason. Orre of
the N-erv.York evening papers picked
an All-City iootball ieanr'u.lriih in_
clrrded five Italian nanres. They are:
Colucci, .tackle, of Flushing; Beriverluto. quar.d, of Erasnrus: Verardi, guard,
ol Curtis;-De Sio. end, oI Curtis"; and
Ricca, halfback, of Frarrnus.
BUSINESS AND
FI
NANCE
A. Matrunola of
Mr. Frar-rk
Bav
Ridge. Brookiyn, has been norninated
for the Presidency of the Chamber of
SPORTS
One
STATES
of
ir-rtercol-
Comrrrerce of that section. Mr. trIatrunola, besides being a member of sev-
282
eral comnunlry organizations, inclucling the Bay Ridge Civic Council, is
treasurer of an unemployment relief
committee to aid the Bay Ridge needy.
Cav. Pasquale Simonelli, president
of the Italian Savings Bank in New
York for the past eleven years, and
treasurer of the Italian Chamber of
Commerce in New York. has been
given the title of Knight Comnander
of the Crolvn of ltaly. Born at Saviar.ro
di Nola in Campania, Italy, Comrn.
Simonelli has been in the United States
for the past 34 1'ears, 30 of which have
been spent with the Itaiian Savings
Bank, which now has $34,000,00C in
deposits.
A dinner rvas given by friends of
J ohrr N. Malrrati, as:isl ant nra.ttager oi
the Hotel Biltmore in Ner'v York City
last morith at that hotel on the occasion of his having been clecotated pre-
."'iously by the Italian Government rvith
the titie of Cavaliere Uffrciale. The
dinner committee, composed of man-v
prominent men in civic life, rl'as headed
1;r, Judge John J. Freschi.
I'lr. lvlalnati is also the holder of the
Cross of the Order of the Crou'n of
Italy, and the gold medal of Commanrler of the Household of the Kirrg
of Belgium, both of them in recognition of his services during the War.
More than a hundred friencls attended the banquet given last month
in Philadelphia in honor of Pl.rilip F'
Fagliaro, construction uanager of the
Keystone State Corporation.
There is about to be opene<l in Los
Angeles the first Sample E,xhibition
organized by the Italian Chamber of
Commerce in that city, at 130 South
Broadrvay to give exhibitors an opportunity to make the public acquainted
u'ith their products. Among the exhibiting companies will be: Italian Vineyards Co., California lmporting Co., A.
Vignolo & Co., Tama Trading Co., Yolanda Packing Co., Emsee ImPorting
Co., Gabellieri, Guidotti, General
Steamship Co., Torre Insurance
Agency, O. P. Castorina, F. & M. I-porting Co., Vai Bros., Guasti & Giuli,
Italotone Film Producing Co., etc.
The Vegetable Proclucers Co-opera-
tive AssoCiation of Colorado held its
annual general meeting last month in
Denver for election of l3 new directors.
Speakers included Senator Tobin, State
Market Director, and Frank Mancini,
editor of "11 Risveglio" and "Colorado"
of Denver. Officers of the Association
are William Rossi, president, Caesar
A. Gcrali, general manager.
Comm. Dr. Joseph A. Danna of Nerv
Orlcans has been appointed president
of the medical corps and head of the
Executive Committee of the Hotel Dieu
Hospital in that city, on the occasion
of the banquet given by the medical
corps to Mother Superior Mary Agnes
of that institution.
George P. Nunes, of Leghorn, ItalY,
and New Canaan. Conn., has been
made a Knight Commander of the
Crorvn of ltal-v. Mr. Nunes is vicepresident of the Leghorn Traclilrg
Company and is its representative in
Europe.
ATr-ANTICA, JANLTARY,
1932
A banguet at tlie Hotel Victoria in
New York City 'n'as held recently to
honor Giuseppe Livoti on the occasion
of his having received the Cross of
Chevalier of the Crown of Italy"
In New York City last month, Philip Le Boutiliier, president of Best &
Co., and Jerome S. Hess of the law
firm of Harclin, Fless and Eder, were
made a Commander and a Chevalier,
respectivell', of the Order c,f the
Cron'n of Italy in recognition of their
eilorts in be half of the establishment
of ar.r American \Ving of the Student
House at the Unir.ersit)' of Rome and
of scholarships for Arnerican stuclents
therc.
Thc recipients were presented at the
cerenonies by Jtrstice John J. Freschi
of the Court oi Special Sessions, president of the Societl' of Friends of the
University of Rome, orgai.rized to help
in the esta'ulishment of the Arnerican
Wirrg ar-rd the scholarships. Justice
Freschi said later that a campaign for
to be divided eqrrally between
the projects, was nLrw getting uncler
u'ay. NIr. Le Borrtillier is treasurer of
the orgar.rization and Mr. Hess the secretarl'.
$250,000,
The Countess Fanny Zampini Salazer and former Supleme Court Jrrstice
Irving Goldsnrith u'ere anotrg those
pr
es e1i
t.
'lhe honorarl' comrnittee of the Society of Friends of the U niversit-v of
Ronre, Inc., is as follon'-s: Nobile Giacomo De Martino., Italiatr Ambassaclrr,
clrairman. Emanuele (]razz,i, Italian
includes the follorving: Dr. G. Bottero.
Vincent Brogna, Paul Crfrino, Proi.
Ralph Adams Cram, Prof. Janre:
Geddes, I iss Grace Nichols, J, J. Phelan, Cot:lrn. Saverio R. Ronrano, and
Cav. Silvio \ritale.
Among the students r,l'ho
received
scholarshrps at Princeton last rnontlr
were Joseph Desipit.r and \\r. T. Pecora
of the Class of '33, anci \\r. F. Bottiglia
and Laryrence D'Elena of the Ciass of
'34.
The thircl annual dance and concert
by the Circolo Italiano of
Washington Irving Er.ening High
School ir-r Ne'n' York n'as lieicl on Dec.
I2th at the Casa Italiana oi Colurnbia
sponsorecl
University. Several n.e1l-knorn'n and
popular .r::iists featurecL the nrusical
Irrogranr. TIre proglarrr corrrrrrittce
ir'as
Di Painra aud William Dr Liberto, president anrl vicepresident, respectivell', of tire cluLr.
headed by Anthony
Professor Pasquale Seneca of Piriladelphia $'as guest le'cturer at a recent
of thc Circolo Italiano of the
University of Pem,nsl'lr.ar.ria. Protessor
n-reetir.rg
Seneca is in
Departn]ent.
the Romance
Larrguage
Arthur Caporossi of \erv FIar,'en l-ras
r,on a scholarship u.hich u,ili enable
him to study at the Ro1'al Conserva-
tory of Music at Naples, Ital-v...
Ca-
porossi, a baritone, is a graduate of the
\ew Haven High
School.
Consul General; Federico Millosevich,
formerly president of the Royal Universitl. of Rome: Dr. John Grier Hibhen, president, Princeton rUnrversity;
Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, president,
Colurubia flniversity; Dr. Elrner Ells-
Miss Agnes Liberato of Ironu,ood,
\fichigan, has been electecl secretar:)'o{
the Wisconsin Visiting Teachers Association at the recent conyention of
Francisci, presider-rt, Royal IJ;riversity
of Romc; Professor Angelo Mariotti of
the Cror,vn of Ita11', arvarded hinr by
the society lielcl in
trIils,aukee.
s'orth Brown, char.rcellor, New York
tlriversity; Generoso Pope, publisher
of Il Progresso Italo-An'rericano; Luigi
Barztni, formerly editor of 11 Corriere
d'America, New York; Pietro De
The Italian Vice-Consul at Toronto,
Canada, conferred not long ago ol1
Emilio Goggio, associate professor of
Italian and Spanish at the Llniversity
of Toronto, the Cross of Chevalier of
Rome; Dr. Stephen P. Duggan, direc-
the King of Italf in recognition of
Professor Goggio's contribution to Italian historical ancl literarl' studies in
America.
tor, Institute of International Education.
EDUCATION AND
CU LTU RE
The Italian Group of the Modern
Language Association convened on
tr{onday, Dec. 28th at the University
George Rubatt, sou of Dorninick Rubatt, Mayor of Hurle1', \\risconsir.r, rvas
recently elected president of the Senior
Class at Creighton Llniversitl', Orr-raha,
Nebraska.
Smith College has established
a
Junior Year irr Italy. A group of students, all majoring in Italian, are now
of Wisconsir-r, Madison, Wisconsin, and
several papers were read. Some of the
speakers were Prof. Herbert D. Austin,
Prof. Canrillo P. \{erlino, Prof. Rudolph
Altro,cchi and Prof. Angeline H. Lograsso. The Anrrual Nleeting of the
American Association of Teachers of
in Ita11' under the direction oi \,[iss
Ernma Detti. Thev har.e stucliecl at the
IJniversities of Peiugia ancl Florence.
Association held its annual Italian dinner at the University Club.
American Associatior.r of Teachers of
Under the auspices of the Italian
Historical Society of tr{assachusetts,
Harold Lord Varney of Nerv York,
Coliege.
Italian follor','ed, ancl in the evening the
gave an interesting lecture last month
at the Boston Public l-ibrary on
"Italy's New Role in World Politics."
The o,fficers cI the Societv
in Boston
-Ford,
pres.;
are: Cav. Prof. J. D. trt.
Comm. Frank Leveroni, vice-pres.; A1-
bert P. Robuschi, treas.; Prof. J. H.
Sasserno, sec. The Board of Directors
An ir.rteresting piece of infcrnratiorr,
gathered from the latest issue of
"Italica," the quarterly bulletin of the
Italian. is the fact that tl.rere are
300
students no.,r,' taking Italiarl at Smith
For the third time siuce entering
Harvard less than tu'o l.-ears ago, Andreu' J. Torrielli of Watertou'n, tr{ass.,
has been au'arded a scholarship. The
young student, 19, recentll'r,r.otl the
Samuel Croker Lawreuce Scholarship
of $500 for excellence in rotltance
lar.guages. Last year, he rvas selected
from anong many competitors as the
r.,.inner of the Cro'ivningshield Scholar-
THE ITALiANS IN THE UNITED
ship of $475 and also the Samuel
Croke-r Lawrence price of $650. Graduated from Boston Latin School with
high honors, Torrielli will be gracluated
from Harvard in 1933 and hJ plans to
teach romance lauguages.
"Living with Culture in Italy,, u,-as
A. Sass-erno, a candidate not iong ago
for the Boston Board of Eclucation, bifore the Circolo Italiano of Harvard
_
the title of a recent address by-Henry
lfniversity.
Radio Station KFWI of San Fran-
cisco has been broadcasting every Mon-
day. Wedne'day and l:riday ai 11 :J0
A. I\1. a course in Italiarr lessons bv
l'rofessor Antorrio Achille, graduate of
the University of Rome. Ii is said to
be the only course of its kind on the
Coast.
More than 800 people attended the
lrerrefit dance given rccerrtlv bv the
Italian Club of Rho,lc l.land Srate College to raise funds to establish an ltalian.Department at the College. The
affair was held at the Narragansett Hotel and the committee in iharge nas
chairmanned by Albert D'Orsi. -
Countess Fanny
Zampiri Salazer o{
-the
Ronre, one of
leaders of the
temlnrst moventeltt in Italy, was
a
guest not Iorrg ago of the National
\Voman's Party iu Washington, D.
C.
She spoke on "The Future of ihe International Feminist Movement.,,
Countess Salazer was an intimate
frie.nd of Queen Marglrerita di Savoia,
and she wrote a biography of the
Queen that was published simultaneously in English and Italian. She
represented Italian women at two in-
ternational feminist consresses held in
the United States in 1893 and 1902, and
she has written mar - books, among
them three volumes on the life of thi
Brownings, Robert ar-rd Elizabeth.
Alpha Sigma Gamma Fraterr-rity
of-The
Philadelphia, composed of ItaloAmerican college students, gave its annual ball at the Majestic Hbtel in that
city recently. The committee in charge
lvas headed by F. Pileggi and A. Zii-
cardj. The president of lhe organization is Henrv M. De Leo.
Eta Phi Alpha is another ItaloAmerican fraternity, composed of
young college, professional and busi-
ness men of northern New Jersey. During. the holiday seasorl the Fraiernity,
which has been established for ten
years, held a Convention Ball and Banquet at the Lodge Room of the New-
ark Elks. Among the guests were
Jqdge Anthony F. Minisi, Judge
Nicholas Aloano, Judge Casale arid
Michael Megaro, all honorarv members of the Fraternity.
"To give the people of New York
an opportunity to enjoy the contribu-
tions of foreign-born groups to the folk
arts," and "to keep these arts alive as
a vital part of our community life by
providing foreign-born people themselves with fine and dignified opportunities for artistic expression," the
Foreign Language Information Service
has sponsored a F-olk Festival Council,
to take pface on the last Sundal' 6f
January an.d the first Sunday in February, at which seasonal festivals of the
homelands of 24 ethnic groups will be
STATES
283
ITALIAN ALL.AMERICAN FOOTBALL TEAM, 1931
(As selected by "The Italian Echo," of providence, R. I.)
FIRST TEANI
POSITION
SECOND TEAM
Orsi,Colgate
....End
...Collucci,HolyCross
. . . De Rita, R. i. Stnt.
I-ombardi,.Slracuse . . Tackle
Grenda,Columbia
..... Guard
.. Nobiiletti, Coiumbia
Del Isola, Fordham
. . Center
Farina, Bucknell
Scafide,Tulane
.Guard
.....
Capasso, Bro$rn
Vavra, N.Y. Universit)'.... Tackle
... DellaVeclova, Iou,z
Cavalieri, Hol1'_Cross .. End ..... l)evinuti, Boston College
Ferraro,Cornell ...Quarterbacli...
\[."rru,Buckne11
Viviano, Corneli
.... Halfback....
...porru,Or.gun
Toscani.St. Mary's
. Halfback
..Ronzani, fl
Perrna. Pennsylvania. . . . .. . Fullback. . . .campiglio, wesr "iqu;rr.
Li'bert).
HONORABI-E MENTION
ENDS-Ciri11o, Lafal'ette; Caito, Brown;
Villanova.
Delabricla,
TACKLES-Luminello, \-illanor-a ; I{i91iore, Columbia.
GUARDS-Marchi, Ner,v York tlniversily; Aivi"o, ForJ_
ham; Casini, Kansas; Mattia, Rutgeis; Conii, ili_
lanor-a.
9PNTE_B Esposito, Wagner.
QUARTFRBACKS-Btdnanno, Brorvn; Cutri, pitts_
burgh; Ber.er.ino, Carnegie Tcch.
HALFBACKS-Frischi, Caliiornia ; Caraviglio, Bucknell
;
llqnu,_Indfala_;-Lione, Georgetown; ?agll, S;;;;
Clara
Zontini,
Marshall ; Demllo, Cait otiE.
;
__ _
FULLB-\CKS-Rotelli F.-g*";
par.saca, Detroit; Ro_
_
meto, Washington & Jefferson.
presented. The f esrivals will take place
at the Guild Theatre in New york.
. The Italian part of the festival will
include chorus and individual singing
of Italian f olk songs, music "and
dancing and-a presentation of regional
costumes. Maestro Bonelli r,r.'ilf lead
this group. The committee in charge
of tlre. preparation of the Italian program includes Prof. Leonard Coveilo,
chairman; ;Elba Farabegoli, vice-chairman; Florence Adamo and Catherine
Cannizzar
o,
secrelaries.
M ISCELLAN EOUS
Not long ago Chief Justice Hughes
of the Supreme Court reviewed the
findings of the New York Court and
remanded the case of Comincio and
the City of New York.
On the death of Comincio, the ltalian Consul General laid clairu to Iris
estate. He held that as there were no
heirs or next of kirr. Italy was entitled
to the property under article XVII of
the Consular Convention of 1878. Suit
was brought by James F. Lagan, Pub-
lic Admir-ristrator and John J. Bennett,'
Jr., Attorney General of New York.
The Surrogate's Court held that the
balance of the estate, amounting to
to New York City for
benefit of the unknown kin of the dead
man and this ruling rvas upheld by the
higher courts of the State. The Chief
tS?l s1loulrl go lo Jrall
il1\ ew
Y Ork ( ltv.
irrsrrati oI
. The decision is an important one foi
the Italian Consulate C.n.r"t u,ia itr.
vicfory established p..."a.iii
rn many trnsettled matters "of lhis kind.
lega1
Late in November a ne\\. Italian
wee\iy appeared in Trenton: the Ital_
ian Journal, an S-page paper edited bv
Ulto Marzulli, formerly of \ervark.
urth A:nerico D'Agosti:ro as businesi
manager. Offices are at 213 E. Han_
over Str.
A i50-page book by Mi.s pina Carreddu, "Italiani all'estero" (Thc Italiars
Abroad) re-ce,ntly macle its
ln .Boston from the presses "pp."r"n..
of-the Ex_
celsior Press. Rich in illustratiorrs and
biographies,
it constitutes another con_
tribution to the biographical literatuie
ot the Italians in the Ulite,l Stares.
- At the annual meeting last month of
the
Association of Grind yuroi.- oi
New York County
at tlre Astor Ho-last
t_el in New York
month, paolino
Ger'la rvas elected vice-president of the
soclety, to succeed Paul Moss.
Miss Theresa F. Bucchieri, young
newspaperwoman of Philadelphia,
broadcast. a message on Christmas-Day
$914, should so
over Station WDAS for the benefit of
the Prison Welfare Association of that
city.
Justice Hughes gave his decision on the
In Hartford, Conn., Vice-Conrnrander
E. Gilbert Martino of the Rau-Locke
Post No. 8, of the American Legion,
was elected Commander of the Post
recently for the coming year.
basis of treaties which exist between
this country and Italy and therefore
the estate of Antonio Comincio, an
Italian citizen who died in New York
ATLANTICA, JANUARY,
284
Prof. Father Filippo Robotti of the
Ordine dei Predicatori. recentlv made a
Chevalier of the Crown of Iialy, was
given
a
banquet
in New Yoik
last
month by the Nastro Azzurro Institute
of New York.
PROFESSIONS
Late last month the Association of
Italian Physicians in America, composed of Italian physicians in Manhattan, he_ld e,lections for tl-re coming year
\.!'il1t the_following results: preiident,
Filippo Cassola. Vice-Presidents, John
M. - T,ore, Angelo M. Sala, Charles
Perilli and Hannibal De Bellis; Secre-
tary, Anthony C. Cipollaro; Treasurer,
Salvatore R. Scorza; Trustees, Michaei
Osnato, Adolph De Sanctis, Gaston
Carlucci, Peter F. Amoroso and Tames
V. Ricci: Ce-nsors, Salvatore Di Palma,
qhqirn_r11, Vitus Badia. Amerigo J.
9rimaldi, D. William Scotti, An"thony
Nigr-o, Joseph B. D'Oronzioi Commit--
tee Chairmen: Membership, Gaetano J.
Mecca":- Economics, Auguito Rossano;
Scientific. Angelo M.- Sala; Italian
Literature, Giuseppe Previtali; and
Inter-Society Relationships, joseph
Croce.
The Lambda Phi Mu Medical Fra-
ternity, composed of young Italian
1932
physicians, held its annual dinner dance
at the Hotel New Yorker on Dec. 29th.
Dr. J. Nicosia was chairman of the af-
fair.
A new Italian medical society has
been started, the Societa Medica-Itali11a, for Italian physicians practicing in
New Jersey. Dr. Arcangelo Liva of
Hackensack was elected its first president, with Dr. D'Acierno of Union Citv
as first vice-president, and Dr. Bianchi
of Newark, as second vic,e-president.
The annual meeting of the Societa
Medica Italiana of Massachusetts took
place last month
at the Hotel
Ken-
more in Boston and elections for 1932
rvere held with the icllowing results:
Louis H. Limauro, president; A. Macaluso, first vice-presi<ient.
W. Santoro,
second vice-president; E. D'Errico,
treasurer; Carl F. Maraldi, secretary.
The feature of the annual meeting was
an address by Dr. lVilliam F. Verdi of
Surgical Departnrent of the Nerv polv-
clinic Medical School and Hospital of
New York, where he interned aTter his
graduation from the University of
Maryland. During the World War Dr.
De Feo was in Philadelphia as instruc-
tor of the medical corps.
At the invitation of the New York
last month,
'f uberculosis Association
Dr. Giuseppe Previtali gave an interesting radio talk over Station WCDA in
ltalian on the prevention of tubercuiosis among the chiidren of the Italian
communities. Dr. Previtali is professt,r of children's diseases at New York
LTrriversity.
The Justinian Club, all-Italian group
Boston Universitv School of
Larv, recently elected the foliowing offrcers for the year: William P. DeVitto,
at the
president; Marco Pettoruto, vice president; Hugo Caroselli, treasurer, and
Zottoli, secretary. Professor
Nerv Haven, Conn., prof6ssor of clini-
.Toseph
cal surgery at Yale University Medi-
and head surgeon of St.
Raphael Hospital, on "Cancer of the
addressed the meeting.
Colon," illustrating his talk with
1922,
lantern slides.
a charter ior a similar club at
ca1 School
Dr. C. P. De Feo of New Haven,
has been appointed assistant in the
Felix Forte, faculty adviser of the club,
The Justinian Club, organized in
is open to all students of Italian
extraction. Last year the club granted
ATLANTICA keeps you informed with timely
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the
Portia Law School. Prominent members of the bar will address the group
at future meetings.
285
For
Those
Who
II
Read
F isl
Italian
io
diventata quasi dolce, quasi umile.
)1
..commoveva-. spesso, piangeva,
tratteneva
il figlio presso d] sd
come con una specie di rimorso
occulto. Quando egli tornava dal_
l'ufficio. e si sedev-a presso la sua
-ella
poltrona,
in
silenzio,
alzava
I
capo grigio dai guanciali e lo
guardat'a a iungo corne se volesse
penetrare a fondo nel suo pensiero.
Novella
acconciato
di C. Giorgieri-Contri
a quell'autorit):
l,aveva
prrma temuta, poi subita, poi
derata.
Illustrata cla
Anthony Nlarano
In pochi mesi. ia fine. -\
tacinque anni,
la
desi_
settan_
quercia, rirnasta
sempre dritta e fiera, si era abbat_
I
tuta. Ciorno per giorno
_ Quando sua madre fu morta,
Francesco senti tutto i1 vuoto della
sua vita"".
.Prima, quella presenza glielo ma_
scherava. \-iveva corr lei, non se
ne staccava un momento; e durante
la sua niaialtia s'era Iatto infermiere, com'era stato per tanti anni
f iglio sottomesso e devoto. Da
tempo, fin da quando s'era sentito
precocemente diventar vecchio, egli
s'era allontanato da ogni ,,r"g-o,
financo da ogni anricizia]. N.l l&o
piccolo qrrartierino, piccolo e nlodesto, quale si addiceva a persone
I'arrer.io_
sclerosl aveva mrnato quel corpo.
indi. spente tutre le
.ne.gi" di qdeii
l'anima. Negli ultimi tenipi el1a'era
A cercarvi che cosa ? Forse un
rimpianto, una traccia di quell'antica giovinezza che ella aveva spento in lui ? E Francesco sentiva il
suo. affetto filiale ingigantirsi per
quella pieti che a lui pare\.a un ultinio.dono, l'ultimo saggio di quella
erolca Donta materna.
Perchd Francesco non aveva mai
avuto Ia minima fiducia in
appena appena agiate, quasi piri nes_
suno entrava, salyo il medico e,
a intervalli radi, una loro nipote e
cugina, vedova, da Francesco am:Lta
tn gtovrnezza, sposata con altri, e
ormai anch'essa din-lentica di ogni
antico sogno. Per stare vicino a"lla
madre, e per non costringerla a mutamenti, Francesco avevi strozzato
la sua carriera. s era ridotto a vegelare nel suo piccolo ufficio, in min-
sioni secondarie. E questo
per
vent'anni, per trenta: tutto un lun-
go periodo di vita, che adesso a
guardare indietro, gli pareva uguale
e monotono come il corso d'un
fiume.
Non aveva mai pcnsalo ch'ella
sarebbe morra, che lo-avrebbe lasciato. O, se ,1o pensava, il suo era
un pensiero informc, subito ricac_
ciato. Vagamente, aveva sperato di
andarsene prima Iui, ancora accarezzato, da quelle mani rugose, ancor
vigilato da quello sguard-o imperioso
che solo per irri a rratti si acldolciva"
Perchd ella era stata sempre cosi :
con un carattere autoritario che faceva tutto piegare, che tutto domi_
nava. Da piccolo non
gli
aveva
penne-sso.nulla ; da grande gli aveva
reso difficile turto. E, sen"rpre era
stata con gli occhi aperti, che non
glielo portassero via.l prima i gio_
chi, poi gli amici, poi le donne." E
lo spirito debole di'Francesco si era
sd
stesso. Si.er.a sempre creduto un
cleDole, un lnetto.
"Adesso egli capiva
ATLANTICA, JAI{UARY,
286
Anche quando l'unico sogno.era
fiorito un istante nelia sua anima
pavida, anche allora, se non avesse
iuuro sua madre ! Certo ia Prova
era stata rucie... e difficile la rinuncia. Certo ailora egii ne aveva sofferto. X{a non avrebbe sofferto di
pii, qr-rando trascinato da un'illusione, se ne f osse Poi dovuto l'isvegliare ? fnvece e1la gli aveva soffocato quell'illusione sul nascere.
"Povero Francesco, tu non sei fatto
per essere amato da urra ragaz.za
iome quella. Tua cugina d giovane, e arclente; Per un momento
pud illuclersi che tu rappresenti per
ie iqualche cosa. NIa poi ? E, ( E')
difficile da collocare, Cristina ; non
ha che la sua 'bel1ezza. Per questo
tu forse anche rappresento ai suoi
occhi un paltito... X{a di retta a
tua macirc che conosce il mondo...
Non ti fidare.." Pensaci, pensaci."
E,gli "ci aveva pensato," non sapendo risolversi a staccarsi da que11a
speranza. Cristina pareva sincera;
pareva che ne11a sua florida gioventi un senso di inconscia pietd Per
7a debolezza di Francesco si fosse
mutato in amore. Anch'ella forse
prova\ra per lui come un istinto materno. che si concretava in un desiderio c1i elevarlo, di buttarlo incontro alla vita. Accorgersi di questo,
per Flancesco era stata una tale
ebbrez.za, che per qualche anno la
sua vita g1i era parsa mutata.
Che era accaduto, di poi ? Pcr
qual ragione tutto era cambiato ad
L1n tratto: e Cristina senza dir nu1la
s'era come staccata da lui, 11on aveva piu risposto alle sue mute implorazioni? Sua madre, in un silenzio
cupo e come pieno di rancore, Pareva dirgli : Avevo ragione ? E Poi
Cristina si era sposata. Egli l'aveva rivista a intervalli; ma era un'altra Cristina, di cui l'anima pareva
essersi chiusa, per lui, come in una
riprovazione severa. conte in una
lontana-nza non pir) superata... E gli
anni erano passati cosi: e anche
Clistina era invecchiata, pur conservanclo i resti dell'antica beTlezza
e della tr\slezza antica, madre, vedova, occupata de' suoi figli e de1la
sua esistenza serena"
II
Venne a vederio, quando fu solo.
E 1o commiserd con affetto, ma senza espansione; g1i prof ferse C'li
aiuti che poteva, ma tiepidamente.
Francesco, tutto dato al suo dolore,
risenti per quelle rare visite, una
afirarezza maggiore. G1i parve che
ella fosse ancora lontana, che
un
ostacolo ignoto sempre si f rapponesse tra loro. O veramente ella gli
teneva rancore per la illusione
che
1932
un momento era parso riunirli;
come se ancora ella si pentisse di
aver potuto dargli qualche speranza d'amore
?
Perd, misero e solo come si sentiva, nessun orgoglio 1o tenne, nessun amor proprio gli vietd di ricercal'1a. Quali si f ossero i suoi
pensieri, ella era pur sempre la sola
che 1o riattaccasse al passato; per la
quale la sua vita non era stata tutta
vuota e nuda; e la sola con cui poter
discorrere della sua morta. Egli a
poco a poco si adoprd, con commovente intbarazzo, a far rinascere lra
loro alcunchd delf intimit) antica.
Quando andava a farle visita sede-
va nel suo salotto, impacciato e
premuroso, interessandosi a tutta 1a
sua vita. Sopratutto i suoi bimbi,
gii
grandrni,
1o occup,avano.
Porta-
va dei giocattoli, delle chicche, dei
libri: raccontava
delie storie in cui
la sua fantasia, costretta sin allora
nei limiti della pir) nuda realt), im-
prowisamente si esercitava e si dila-
tava. Un giorno ch'eg1i
stava cosi
intrattenendoli, el1a entrd non vista,
1o ascoltd, 1o interruppe:
Tu ami dunque i bimbi ? Come
mai
?
Egli si stupi di queilo
stupore;
ma non lo rilevd. Notd in lei soltanto, da quel giorno, come un as-
petto insolito : come se neila sua
ireddezza qualche cosa si disciogliesse. Adesso, tutte le volte ch'egli
andava da lei, ella gii mandava
avanti i bimbi ; poi sopraggiungeva
sorridendo:
Perchd non ti ho mai sentito
ricordare
quello che ti d morto.
Quello che... ?
-Francesco sobbatzd. Non capiva.
Un cosi grande stupore si dipinse
sul suo viso, che Cristina si arrestd
a mezzo, attonita anch'essa.
Che dici, Cristina
?
si. Io 1o sapevo...
-Ma I1 f igliolo che t'eraQuelnato
l'altro...
tanti anni fa... l-u tua madre
r-.re 1o disse, che mi avverti...
che
-- La mamma ?
Si
continud Cristina, violen- - come per liberarsi da un
temente,
silenzio che 1'aveva oppressa per
Si, si... NIe lo disse;
mi fece promettere
che non te ne
avrei parlato mai. Troppo 1e doleva, troppo. Fu quando dovevamo...
quando dovevamo sposarci...
e
fu la sua volta di arrossire. -Ah !
fu un colpo terribiie per me !-Saperti impegnato con un'altra; sapere
che avevi un figlio... Ero tanto giovane allora; tutto questo m1 sconvolse... X'Ia tua madre aveva ragione... Non porevamo... rron potevamo sposarc1...
Ti disse questo? balbetto
tanto tempo.
Francesco,
smarrito.
-
Si: poi non se ne parld pii,
- piil. Soltanto qualche tempo
mai
fa, poco prima che se ne andasse,
le chiesi che ne fosse successo del
hglio... El1a mi disse; E'(E') morto... Iira morto: e tu non 1o avevi
pianto neppure... Non 1o amavi, di,
non
1o amavi
Cristina
?
!
-La rivelazione gli lampeggid nel
Sono stati buoni?
-Quancio non parlava dei bimbi, pensiero. Adesso egli capiva, egli
parlava naturaimente de1la morta. capiva... Cosi 1o aveva amato sua
Era il discorso che 1i accomunava madre: ricorrendo financo a una
di pii. Eila l'aveva amata anche menzogna, e quale menzogna !, per
lei. "Era una santa donna" diceva. non perderlo, per non doverlo ce"E ti voleva bene." E pareva che dere ad altri... Aveva architettato
tutto questo per distaccare Cristina
aggiungesse severamente : Nlalgrado
tutto ! E, Francesco, che assapora- da lui, per fare ch'ella non pensasse
va quel concorde giudizio, quell'af- pii a lui I Un momento il senso
fetto comune. non comprendeva il della sua vita mancata gli parve
c1i quel tacito limprovero.
LIn giorno, il bimbo pir) grande si
perchd
ammald. Fu una malattia breve,
ma preoccupante; e in quei giorni,
Francesco, dimenticando ogni altro
pensiero, trepidd con lei e 1'aiutd
nella cura. Quando ogni pericolo
fu scomparso, a1le iabbra di lei
salirono parole involontarie, non
mai dette e forse sempre pensate...
Sei stato tanto buono con il
- figliolo. Chi 1o avrebbe mai
mio
detto
?
Perchd
?
mormord Frances-
co,- umilmente.Perchd... perchd...
-Eila esitava i poi, nella rinascita
improvvisa della loro confidenza,
ella spiegd, impulsivamente :
insostenibile. Per un momento g1i
si affaccid la speranza di poterla
rifare ! lVIa come ? Avrebbe d,ovuto dire, avrebbe dovuto spiegare...
E allora che avrebbe pensato Cristina di sua madre? Come l'avrebbe
giudicata
?
n-ri rispondi ?
incalzd
-Non
- la donE la donna...
Cristina...
- ancora?
na... la vedi
Come un antico guizzo di gelosia
tremava nelle sue parole. Frances-
co balbettd, smarrito:
Non adesso: non parlarmene
adesso.."
Un'altra volta, vuoi? Ti
dird tutto, ti dir6 tutto...
Ma non le disse pir) nulla. E non
la rivide piil...
.287
I
I Giardino ltaliano
di
I.J go Oj
Dal Volume "Bello e Brutto',
(]Iilano, Treaes, 1930)
Noaembre 1921.
Il prinro giardino Iu costruiro
dal sigrrc,re I,ldio e fu il paradiso
terrestrr. perch{ paradiso-, come
s. rmlara in ginnasio. sigrrifica
in
lrngua Jrclslana e in lingua greca
o giardino. E immaginS che
llar,',
iosse
r.omantico, ad imitazi6ne ciod
della lihera larura la quale. a detta
dei ronrantici fu cosi p.it.tta .
quasi divina finch6 il maledettissimo uomo non intervenne con la
sua . salanica intelligenza e le sue
leggr a .corrornperla: il giardino
cloe caprrccroso e irregolare che nel
S,ettecenro prese il noriie di gi"idi";
e con^quistd l,Eiropa e
tece.. sospirare Giangiacomo e le
all'inglese.
regali pastorelle versigliesi. Certo
non era un giardino all'italiana. In
quesio tutto d proporzionato e dis_
trrburto come un'architettura.
L.'uonro- ri d_.padrone e taglia e
( lega alberi ed arbrrstil dis_
prcga
tribuiscr fiori e conduce acoue
secondo la ragione e I'ordine e' il
gusto e la misura sua, in una paroia
secondo uno stile. Vuole ins'ommi
che la natura gli obbesdir.a . .h.li
grardrno sia un riflesso e un orna_
menio della sua casa.
Cose passate. Chi costruisce pir)
parchi e giardini in Italia ? Bas_
tano .quelli vecchi, e ce n'd tutti i
grornr rla r.endere. Se ne costruis_
cono. c all'italiana. solo in Amerrca.o in -{ustralia dove s'ha spazio
e danaro. Gran delizia
g.'""J.
volta lod;rvano la bellezza
morale
ammaestramento d comporrJanche
"
un, piccolo giardino. I'filosoft uni
etti
morti per accrescere la commoziont:
del .languido spettatore. N6 in
poesra ne 1n prosa, n6 in architet_
inerti.
lroppo lunga ma d la villa troonr.r
grande." Siffatte descrizioni . i"a;_
cazi9ni erano comandi per gli archi_
tetti. umanisti. I,eon Batiista Al_
berti nella sua Architettu.a anche
quando parla di giardini si riferisce
rn og11 passo agliirntichi. a questi
portici e a.lie. grotic e alle fontane
e ar vasl dl pletra e ai bossi tagliati
a I ar lcttere e nomi e all'oidine
degli allreri e ai pergolati su col.,nn.
cezioni della vita e dell'arte, d tanto
nerta e r isibile quanto nell'architet_
tura d'un giardino. Questa infatti
si serve di alberi che sono creature
vive, mutevoli e longeve, e la loro
obbedienza d piu imponente e persuasiva di quella def mattoni. clelle
pictre e delle trar i che sono cose
Ora sul giarclino all,italiana noi
non avevafilo un libro ragionato che
ne narrasse la nascita e la glorie per
tre secoli solari e la morte. Sutte
ville toscane e rontane e \-enete e
lonrbarde, libri a dozzine, specialmente inglesi; nra proprio sui giar_
'dino con-re fatto del1a nostra aichitettura e segno cleila nostra civilti,
sul. mo,lo di con..epir.lo e di pian_
tarlo e di adoruarlo. niente. Ad*rso il libro l'ha scritto un toscano.
Luigi Dami. iilustrar-rdolo con testi
antichi e note copiose e vedute ben
scelte da r-ecchie stampe e dipinti
dal vero .r Il, G iortlino 'italiono,' con
351 ravole. JIilano, ed. Besterti e
Tun rm in el li. I 9l-t t . Non rln o,
credo, dei nosrri giardini dai Tre_
cento al Settecento della cui rino_.
manza ci resti anche solo un ricordo
scritto. d dimenticato da qllesto
studioso il quale per fortuna d
arrche rrno scrittore rapido e vivo.
, Nel Trecento il giardino italiano
e ancora rustlco, un viale, un prato,
una fonrana di pietra;
.
-u il po_
mario cogli alberi da frutto
d se_
parato dall'er,bario con 1'erbe odori_
fere e medicinali, il giardino dei
lla a quei tempi gli uomlni
giardini in pianura e murati, aditti
ad accogliere idilli. canti, danze e
decameroni. Hanno del giocattolo
ben.verniciato e scomponibile, e le
noviti, nelle forme cltuna pergola o
piantare un g.;u..jino, uc_
glungeva che questo d in veriti "il
pru anrico e il pii puro degli svashi
umanr.
avevan(' una qualiti oggi dovunque
smarrria: voglio dire la pazienza,
la quale ci si pud' illudere
cl'educare gli tromini ma gli alberi
non s'educano di certo.
. Giard_ino italiano e giardino in_
glese; classi.o e .o-"rrd.o; ,"giorr"
e sentinrento; arte e natura, "o al_
menu
-qtrclla- studiata spontaneiti
che a iorza
d'artificio apparisca na_
tu^rale alle anime candia., ,"
tificio che arrivd nel S.tt...rrio
"r_
fino a piantare, accanto alle finte
rocce e alle finte rovine, alberi
s,enza
aveva lospirato ai nostutgia-ii
Pelrarca. Plinio il giovane in" una
famosa lettera a D6mizio Apolli_
nare che avrei voluto vedere irascritta e com.mentata dal Dami, de_
scrivendo Ia sua villa umbra posta.
sembra. presso_ Citti di Casrello,
parla proprio di quest'atrio e delle
alole davanti recinte di bosso. La
lettera d minuta .a a fr"g; t"#J
che Plinio alla fine se ne scusa :
fiori dal viridario cogli alberi
I
cordo delle ville romane per le quali
gii
r," in pittura, I'opposizione
11T," oue
uclte
scuole, manlere c con_
di quest'opera, e Bacone ,ico.darrJo
appunto che fu Iddio onnipotente il
primr'
loggia davanti al giardino d un ri_
sempre r,-erdi. Sono quali sempre
d'una yasca,_non sono che
cai.icci
nel Quattrocento si c^omin_
c1a a cercare un transito tra casa c
giardino, tra la fabbrica di pietra
e quella d'alberi: ed d la loggia ter_
rena ad archi, nei palazzi ai p;o
secondo a Pienza, dei Montefeltro
. Solo
ad Urbino, dei Bentivoglio neila villa
della Viola a Bologna, nella casa
dei Medici in Firenze presso San
Marco e in via Largo, quella che
oggi d il palazzo Riciardi.
euesta
"Non d gii la mia .l.r..irio".
descritti. L'Alberti chiede
addirittura che con allo.i, cedri*i
ginepri intrecciati ..faccinsi-*quei
da _essr
disegni che nelte pianre O.gfi .A'1fi)i
sono lodati,', archi.. cerchi,.-colonne,
c.ome possiamo vedere nel nicchione
di verdura e di frutta che d dietro
Madonna det M;;i.;;"';j
l"
I-ouvre o nelle imponenri ui."t" ji
verde tntorno al suo Trionfo della
V rrtu. Nel Cinquecenlo
Baccio
Bandirrelii scriveri addirittura:
"Le
si murano debbono
e..superio.i
Suida
::selg
cne st prantano.,'
^ qu.ti"
cose che
Ma sugli esempi antichi I'Alberti
il dominio dell' uomo anche
eslese
alla veduta. "Vorrei .fr" j.- l"r.
della possessione a.;
,*
losslno poste nella piil grassa
""frijiparte
fleua ca.mpagna, ma bene nella pir)
si possa pigliare ogni
!1Sna,.f.ona.e
comodrta, sren vedute e vegghino le
citt) le terre il mare e udu"dirt.r"
planura e le conosciute cime delle
colline e dei monti." Canti tutio'il
la g1o'i? e ta potenza
:':,1to
u.err uo-mo. Sra rl paesaggio
leeato
aJla vlila ; ma perch6 la lontana"ve_
duta._non sopraffaccia con Ia vas_
tlta
1l rtguardante, davanti
alla sua
alla
sua loggia stenda egli,
:1:1 "un tappeto
c.ome
sotto la maeiti
d-un sacro dipinto, un vaso giardr1,o bele allincato coi suoipritelli
vellutati e i vialetti Iistati di'pietra
e le aiole d'amenissiml horl e una
fontana che canti e una peschiera
che specchi e belle statue che
sor_
ridanosegni, questi. di"cid
.Tufti
c.he solo I'arte dell,uomo pud
trarre
-rr_
da
-una rozza -pietra o d" un
scello volubile.
Questa regina fu la villa sul colle.
-,
tl ua.ml con- ragione osserva che
il
grardrno rtaliano toccd Ia perfezione
I
t$'
E:
i
i.
'l:
l
il
i.
i
i
$
t
tJ
t
*.
I
I
I
I
I
t,
l
t
I
f
I
I
h
r
t
l,
288
ATLANTiCA, IANUARY,
T932
visibiiio anche il savio Montaigne; maschia statura di allora dei riostri
un ornamento che va fino al gioco architetti. Basterebbero 1a villa di
Stupinigi del 1729, opera dei
e a1la burla contro gl'incauti visitadute di Roma, Boboli sopra Fi- tori come cento stampe del '600 e Juvara, la villa di Caserta de1, 1752,
opera del Vanvitelli, e la villa di
del'700 descrivono.
renze, villa Madama e vil1a Medici
1780, opera del Piere villa Pamphili sopra Roma, gli
Nel Ferrarese e ne1la bassa .Monza del
Orti Farnesiani sul Fdro, villa veneta tanta varietl e magnificenza marini, per mostrare chi ervamo,
Doria sul golfo di Genova, all'Iso- si diluirono, anche nel Seicento, in anche in quest'arte.
Ma ormai il giardino all'itahana
labella 7a villa Borromeo sullo pochi precetti senza ardimento :
specchio del lago tra 1e quinte dei ville di pianura. Basta leggere gli era anche dai papi chiamato giarmonti. Questo pe1 prosP'etto: Per scritti d'architettura del Palladio o dino alla francese: obbedienza alla
vedere ed esser veduti, come voleva dello Scamozzi. La casa d impon- moda. Il giardino francese. il giarda sovrano l'Alberti. Di qua, in- ente, ma il giardino modesto, come dino di Le N6tre, il giardino de11'torno alla casa "incastonata al accecato. Cosi le pit ammirate intelligenza, come adesso dicono i
punto giusto come una gemma viile del Seicento che obbediscono neoclassici parigini, d il figlio dei
grossa nell'alveolo d'una collana," con magni{icenza sempre pii sfar- nostro giarclino. Un fatto politico,
l'architetto tratter) il co1le come zosa alle classiche leggi de1 Cin- la gloria ciod della monarchia franuno scultore il blocco di marmo, quecento, sono tutte in altura. I,a cese e dell'arte sua, 1o portd alla
tagliando e scavando terra e roccia villa Aldobrandini e la villa Ludo- ribalta qua.ndo i1 nome. e 1o Stato
a suo disegno. Le due prime grandi
visi a Frascati; dentro Roma, il d'Italia s'erano ritratti rreil'ombra.
opere del Cinquecento in quest'arte
giardino dei Quirinale disegnato da N{a basta aprir gli occhi a guardare,
sono le due terrazze, le cordonate,
Carlo Maderno, 1'altra villa Ludo- e pensare che tutta I'arte francese
le scalinate, le nicchie nel1e mura- visi disegnata dal Domenichino, la era ailora nutrita d'Italia. Il
glie, pensate dal Bramante pe1 Bel' villa Sacchetti opera di Pietro da maestro di Le N6tre fu Simon
vedere in Vaticano; e poco dopo la Cortona, la villa Pamphili d'Ales- Vouet che era stato in Italia tredici
villa Madama di Raffaello sul. sandro Algardi; a Firenze. f in- anni, aveva sposato un'italiana
pendio di Monte Mario, con 1e grandimento di Boboli verso Porta anch'ella pittrice, e dall'Italia aveva
scalee curve, ii teatro a gradinate, i
Romana, a Settignano la Gam- riportato fasci e fasci di disegni.
tre giardini a lerrazze" Nella val- beraia, a Pescia la villa di Collodi. Le N6tre a Roma r.enne nel 1679
mandato da Colbert. X'Iolti suoi
letta li presso, Antonio da Sangallo
E, a dire del Piemonte e del Veneto
crea il primo ninfeo.
1'elenco sarebbe troppo lungo. aiuti per la costruzione del parco di
Su questi modelli si lavora per Qualche noviti quell'ansioso secolo Versailles erano italiani : primo
tutto il secolo in tutta l'Italia, a portd anche nelle ville. Amava ii quel Francini maestro d'idrauiica
Firenze, a Genova, a Mantova, a pittoresco; vide la pittura di paese che vi condusse e distribui col1
Verona, sui laghi lombardi, a To- farsi indipendente dai santi e dagli tant'arte, di canale in canale, di barino. La casa con logge, avancorpi, eroi; nel 1696 sorse l'Accademia cino in bacino, 1e acque.
Luigi Dami non s'occupa di
barchesse e terrazze, penetra dell'Arcadia. L'Arcadia non d stata
la prima madre di Rousseau e deli' rivendicare questa patemit) italiana
sempre piil nel giardino; e il giardino con portoni monumental, bala- "Emile" ? Ai soavi belati degli ar- al giardino di Andr6 Le N6tre.
ustrate, scale, anfiteatri, statue, cadi non risponderanno concordi. S'accontenta di constatare che
con nicchioni e vasche e fontane e dopo un secolo, i sospiri e le smanie "trasportato il giardino italiano da
dei romantici ? Nelle ville secen- luogo collinoso in pianura appena
colonne sulla linea della prospettiva
chiude sempre pir) il suo verde tesche qualche tratto lontano dalla ondulata, egli lo adattd alle condentro la pietra lavorata. L'acqua visuale de1la casa viene lascialo a dizioni e all'ambiente nuovo con
d poca, prima a zampllli da un bella posta incolto per amore della spiriti non imitativi ma di creapiatto all'altro della fontana, sul natura: il pineto irregolare di villa zione." Troppo e troppo poco, se
tipo quattrocentesco dato da Dona- Pamphili, i prati e i liberi boschetti si ricorda la rassegnazione con cui
tello, dal Verrocchio, dal Rossel- di villa Borghese, di quella d'allora. clurante quasi due secoli abbiamo
lino. Ma con Villa d'Este che d
Quanto all'architettura, oggi si noi stessi regalato a Le N6tre
il capolavoro di Pirro figorio. com- comincia a discernere anche dagli l'invenzione di quelio che era nosinciato nel 1550. gi) compiuto nel stranieri la soliditl dello sche'letro tro, e se si considera l'obiio in cui
1569, .anche l'acqua copiosa, a classico nella nostra architettura gli storici francesi vogliono adesso
barocca. Lo stesso nostro Sette- lasciare i veri maestri di Le N6tre.
strocio,- a.getto, a girandola, diventa
il necessario ornamento e la gran cento ignora i lezi e 1e svenie del Ingenui. perch6 a restituire a Le
voce d'una villa italiana: una voce rococd francese, e se mai si scriveri" Ntitre questi gloriosi maestri e anche arriva fino ali'organo d'acqua una storia meditata del1'arte itai- tenati credo che si accresca di molto
di Villa d'E,ste il quale mandd in iana in quel secolo, si vedri la il suo onore.
solo quando si distese sui ripiani
d'una-collina: le ville di Tivoli e di
Frascati che hanno davanti le ve-
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