Driving Tour
Transcription
Driving Tour
Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway Driving Tour 1-800-258-6645 | 1 33 Magnificent Miles 2 | GreatRiversByway.com Let the open road lead you on a 33-mile journey following the Mississippi River as it uniquely bends to kiss the ivory bluffs, embracing the road and all of the rare finds tucked away in our river towns. The drive is breathtaking, and the scenery is nothing less than picturesque. With the roadway as a backdrop, get ready for an unforgettable experience exploring our river communities, and immersing yourself in the history, culture and natural surroundings that lie ahead on the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway. 1-800-258-6645 | 3 Welcome! Time and again visitors are drawn to America’s great rivers looking for adventure, a sense of the past and the days of leisurely vacations and relaxing drives. Return to a time of simplicity as you experience the beauty of the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway in Illinois, where the mighty Mississippi, Missouri & Illinois rivers meet. Planning Your Trip With no stops, driving the entire byway takes about one hour. In order to fully experience everything the region has to offer, set aside two to three days for your trip. If you need help planning your trip, call the Alton Regional Convention & Visitors Bureau at 1-800-258-6645 or go to GreatRiversByway.com for a complete listing of area lodging, dining, shopping, attractions and upcoming events. 4 | GreatRiversByway.com Beginning Your Journey The Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway begins in Hartford at the intersection of Illinois Route 3 and New Poag Road. The byway winds west and north via Illinois Routes 3, 143 and 100. Illinois Route 100 leads you out of Alton and bends along the forested river bluffs for another 25 miles to its ending point north of Grafton at Pere Marquette State Park. Follow the byway signs as they lead you on an 18 stop byway driving tour. Resources for the Road Alton Visitor Center 200 Piasa St., Alton 1-800-258-6645 | VisitAlton.com The Alton Visitor Center is open Monday thru Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Saturday and Sunday 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. The center is closed Easter, Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. Boating on the Byway Visiting us by boat? Pick up our Boating on the Byway guide at the Alton Visitor Center for information on navigating through the locks & dam, where to go for paddling and ports found along the river. Free Mobile Apps If you are visiting during winter months, download our free Alton Eagle Watch app to guide you to the “Eagle Watching Hot Spots” along the byway. In the fall, check out the Autumn Road Trips app for all of the orchards, roadside stands and attractions found along the most scenic fall driving route in the Midwest. Autumn Road Trip Alton Eagle Watch 1-800-258-6645 | 5 From the beginning of the Lewis & Clark journey in Hartford to the serene natural surroundings of Pere Marquette State Park, your byway driving tour consists of 18 designated stops to experience the stories of history, nature and culture that converge on the banks of the mighty rivers. 6 | GreatRiversByway.com Driving Tour 1Lewis & Clark State Historic Site 2Lewis & Clark Confluence Tower 3 Wood River 4aNational Great Rivers Research & Education Center 4bNational Great Rivers Museum Melvin Price Locks & Dam 5 Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary Audubon Center at Riverlands 6Alton Riverfront 7Alton Visitor Center 8 Riverview Park 9 Piasa Park 10 Great Rivers Park 11Clifton Terrace 12Elsah & Principia 13Chautauqua 14Grafton 15 Pere Marquette Cross 16 Brussels Ferry 17Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge 18 Pere Marquette State Park 1-800-258-6645 | 7 Hartford Stop The byway journey begins at the start of the Lewis & Clark journey in Hartford. The Village of Hartford was founded nearly 100 years after Lewis & Clark arrived in the area. In 1910, there were only six houses in Hartford with two railroads used for conveying materials to and from the Mississippi River. In its beginnings, Hartford was known as a rail, river and commercial community, and it remains an industrial center today. 1 Lewis & Clark State Historic Site Reliving History On December 12, 1803, with a clear view of the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, Captains William Clark and Meriwether Lewis established the Camp River Dubois. For five months, they wintered at the camp and trained the men for the journey. On May 14, 1804, under Clark’s command, the journey westward LOCATION: began, and the “mouth of the River Lewis & Clark Interpretive Center Dubois was to be considered the #1 Lewis & Clark Trail, Hartford point of departure.” The expedition (618) 251-5811 www.CampDubois.com set out on the Missouri River, met N 38° 48.138’, W 90° 6.126’ Captain Lewis in St. Charles, and the rest is history. The Lewis & Clark Interpretive Center has been designated as National Trail Site #1 on the Lewis & Clark Trail. This 14,000 square foot facility is dedicated to telling the story of Lewis and Clark in Illinois at Camp River Dubois. The museum consists of six exhibit galleries, a theater, a full-scale 55-foot “cutaway keelboat” and a fortified encampment. 8 | GreatRiversByway.com Stop 2 Lewis & Clark Confluence Tower Gateway to the Byway The Lewis & Clark Confluence Tower stands in honor of the Lewis & Clark expedition and the men who courageously set out to discover our nation’s uncharted lands. Travel up in the tower and enjoy the view from platforms at 50, 100 and 150 feet. With the naked eye, you can easily see the muddy waters of the Missouri LOCATION: River as it collides with the Mississippi. Lewis & Clark Confluence Tower 435 Confluence Dr., Hartford Further north, the Illinois River meets (618) 251-9101 the Mississippi in Grafton, Illinois. www.ConfluenceTower.com It is the convergence of these three N 38° 48.660’, W 90° 06.060’ important waterways that led to the development and prosperity of industries, river towns and their people. Each community along the byway offers a unique story that has been shaped and defined by the rivers. Browse the exhibits in the Tower Visitor Center, highlighting the many byway communities and attractions you will encounter on your drive. Let the Tower be your point of departure as you journey along the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway. Nearby Attractions: Confluence Bike Trail: This 21-mile asphalt trail runs between Granite City and Russell Commons Park in Alton. The trail can easily be accessed from both the Lewis & Clark Interpretive Center and Confluence Tower in Hartford. 1-800-258-6645 | 9 Stop Wood River 3 Wood River River, Industry and Change The Wood River that once ran by Lewis & Clark’s famed Camp River Dubois has long since dried up, but the town that takes its name from that river still survives. The popularity of the automobile changed the face of Wood River with the opening of the Standard Oil Refinery in 1907. As workers flooded into the area, Wood River went from a town with a few scattered farmhouses to one of the fastest growing communities in the country. By the 1920s, housing was desperately needed, and Standard Oil purchased Sears & Roebuck catalog homes, many of which still remain today as a reminder of this era of prosperity and progress. 10 | GreatRiversByway.com Historic Points of Interest Wood River Massacre In 1814, the relationship between the early settlers and the Native Americans was that of a state of war. In order to protect settlers from attacks, the people of Madison County organized a company of soldiers called the “Rangers.” Even under the watch of the Rangers, LOCATION: the attacks did not stop. One such Wood River Museum attack, the Wood River Massacre, left & Visitor Center an indelible impression on settlers 40 W. Ferguson Ave., Wood River (618) 254-1993 and is still remembered today. N 38° 51.656’, W 90° 05.933’ On July 10, 1814, Mrs. Reason and her two children, along with her sister Abel Moore’s two children and two of William Moore’s children were on their way to the Reagan farm to pick green beans. Halfway between the Moore farm and the Reagan farm, the Native Americans attacked the small group and left them to die. The Rangers were called out and all but one of the Native Americans was found. The bodies of the victims were taken to Vaughn Cemetery and a monument to the victims still stands today at the site of the massacre on Fosterburg Road near Alton. Nearby Attractions: Wood River Refinery History Museum: Trace the history of Shell Wood River Refinery as you look at early photographs and vintage artifacts. 900 S. Central Ave., Roxana | (618) 255-3718 WRRHM.org 1-800-258-6645 | 11 Stop National Great Rivers Sites & Riverlands 4a National Great Rivers Research & Education Center As the largest river system in the United States, the watershed of the Mississippi River extends through 31 states and two Canadian provinces with a basin covering thousands of miles. The fate of the river affects the ecosystem, economy and our lives today. The Confluence Field Station at the National Great Rivers Research and Education LOCATION: Center provides visitors with an Confluence Field Station understanding of how scientists, One Confluence Way, Alton educators and citizens are joining (618) 468-2900 | NGRREC.org N 38° 52.021’, W 90° 08.433’ forces to further study and protect the river as a resource. 12 | GreatRiversByway.com Stop 4b National Great Rivers Museum Melvin Price Locks & Dam Throughout history, people have relied on the Mississippi River. The National Great Rivers Museum tells the river’s story and how it has played an important role historically, culturally and ecologically for both LOCATION: nature and humans. National Great Rivers Museum Melvin Price Locks & Dam #2 Lock & Dam Way, Alton (618) 462-6979 | MTRF.org N 38° 52.264’, W 90° 09.063’ See how ongoing cycling forces shape life on the river at interactive computer displays, discover the habitats along the river and find out more about the ancient beginning of the river as told by the majestic bluffs. See how water and the environment play an integral role in our daily lives, and learn ways to conserve our natural resources. In addition to telling the story of the Mississippi River, special exhibits examine the history and development of the locks and dam system. Visitors are invited to try to move water through the lock and dam system, learn about the importance of commerce on the river and navigate a towboat through the locks on a computer simulator. Guided tours of the Melvin Price Locks and Dam take visitors eight stories up to experience the river as a center of commerce and transportation. On top of the structure, you can view barges pushing through the locking chamber at one of the largest locks & dams on the Mississippi River. 1-800-258-6645 | 13 Stop National Great Rivers Sites & Riverlands 5 Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary Audubon Center at Riverlands At the Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary, you can connect with Mother Nature and the hundreds of species of fish, birds and wildlife that populate this vital, threatened ecosystem. Located on the MissisLOCATION: sippi Flyway, the sanctuary has been Riverlands Migratory designated as an Important Bird Area Bird Sanctuary 301 Riverlands Way, West Alton by the National Audubon Society. (888) 899-2602 The sanctuary hosts an abundant N 38° 52.136’, W 90° 11.068’ array of waterfowl, shorebirds, raptors, warblers and wading birds. Bald eagles and trumpeter swans make their winter home here, while white pelicans and countless other species migrate through in the spring and fall. The Audubon Center at Riverlands features world-class birding and outdoor recreational opportunities year-round. The Center’s informative displays are a starting point from which visitors can head outdoors to experience great bird watching, nature trails, and the unique flora and fauna that exist in the surrounding 3,700 acres of prairie marsh and wetland forest. 14 | GreatRiversByway.com Riverlands to Alton Points of Interest Clark Bridge When scanning the landscape of the Alton riverfront, the eye is immediately drawn to the Clark Bridge, a cable-stay bridge spanning 4,620 feet over the Mississippi River, linking Illinois to Missouri. The bridge is named for William Clark, who with Meriwether Lewis began their journey to reach the Pacific Ocean just a few miles south of the bridge. The Clark Bridge is unique in its structure in the United States. Technology for the design originated in Germany after World War II. Construction of the bridge started in June 1990, and it was officially opened on January 5, 1994. Structurally, the bridge required 8,100 tons of structural steel, 44,100 cubic yards of concrete and more than 160 miles of cable wrapped with four acres of yellow plastic piping. The bridge is supported by 44 steel cables looped over saddles and perched on top of a pair of ten foot wide concrete pylons, 250 feet above the Mississippi River. 1-800-258-6645 | 15 Stop Alton 6 Alton Riverfront Culture & Entertainment at the Riverside History of Alton Following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the land making up present-day Alton opened to settlers from the eastern states. It was not until 1815 that Colonel Rufus Easton, a federal judge and later postmaster of St. Louis, bought the land near the Mississippi River, believing it would be good for trade and commerce. He started a town and named it for one of his sons — Alton. By 1818, Easton had built four log cabins and started his own ferry service to carry supplies across the river to settlers in the West. A number of streets in town are named for members of his family — Henry, Easton, George, Alby and Langdon Streets. The early industry of the Steamboat Era, such as quarrying limestone, pottery making and brick making, accounted for the quick growth of Alton. The first steam flour mill was started in 1831 by Alton Manufacturing. It was in the same location in Downtown Alton as the present ConAgra flour mill, which bears the message “Welcome to Alton.” Alton was finally incorporated as a city in 1837 when its population had reached 4,000 people. By 1839, more than a thousand steamboats docked at Alton, typically carrying corn, oats, wheat, butter, hides, pork, beef, lard, lead, bacon and flour. The Steamboat Era gave way to the railroads, and the first railroad in Madison County was the Chicago and Alton, also known as the Alton and Sangamon. By 1852, the lines running between Alton and Springfield were completed. At its peak, more than sixty passenger trains arrived and left daily out of the Alton Union Depot. During the Mexican American War of 1846, the area of Upper Alton where Illinois regiments would rendezvous earned the name “Pie Town.” The men established encampments near Rock Spring Park and on the bluffs near the city cemetery. The ladies of Upper Alton 16 | GreatRiversByway.com would bake pies to give to the soldiers. It is believed that the tradition continued during the Civil War. Today, “Pie Town” still honors veterans with the annual Memorial Day parade. Alton’s first Memorial Day parade took place in 1868, and it is believed to be one of the oldest celebrations in the United States. The Alton Riverfront today is a center for culture and entertainment at the riverside. There are distinct characteristics and attractions that draw visitors to the riverfront to connect with the Mississippi River in Alton. Points of Interest Riverfront Park & Marina When Rufus Easton first settled Alton, he decreed that the “riverside be dedicated to ‘commons‘ for the people’s use without hindrance.” Take a stroll through Riverfront Park to the marina and contemplate the beauty and majesty of the Mississippi River. The Riverfront Amphitheater hosts summer concerts and festivals year-round, with the river as a backdrop. A pedestrian overpass connects the park with the historic downtown shopping district. The Confluence Bike Trail and Alton Trail connect here in the park, offering cyclists a leisurely ride and place to rest. Located on the riverfront, the Alton Marina is a first-class docking facility offering long-term docking, transient slips and amenities. 1-800-258-6645 | 17 Alton Flood of 1993 From the banks of the river, it’s hard to imagine the magnitude and devastation realized as people across the Midwest prepared for the Flood of 1993. Prior to 1993, the greatest floods on record occurred on June 18, 1884 when the river reached 36.9 feet, and on April 28, 1973 when LOCATION: waters rose to 36.89 feet. As the MissisRiverfront Park sippi and Illinois rivers swelled within #1 Henry St., Alton RiverfrontAmphitheater.com their banks during the summer of ’93, N 38° 53.240’, W 90° 10.898’ the people of Alton and Grafton braced Alton Marina themselves for the flood of the century. #1 Henry St., Alton (618) 462-986 AltonMarina.com N 38° 53.116’, W 90° 10.601’ Beginning on April 15, the residents of Grafton were the first to see the river waters creep to their doorstep, surging onto Main Street. By June, just outside Alton, the river consumed the Great River Road, forcing it to be closed from Alton to Grafton. In the historic Village of Elsah, homes that had stood for more than 150 years were filled with river water. Boaters motored down the river where there were once roads, and only the tops of signs could be seen. Sandbaggers worked day and night reinforcing levees and building walls. On August 1, Downtown Alton lost its battle against the river as record crests reached 42.7 feet in Alton (21.7 feet above flood stage) and 38.2 feet in Grafton (20.2 feet above flood stage). Despite all of the tragedy and despair felt by these communities, the people have persevered. Lines painted on the ConAgra grain silos in Downtown Alton and the sides of buildings in Grafton mark where the flood waters reached record heights. 18 | GreatRiversByway.com Arts & Culture The flowing waters of the Mississippi River wash over local artists as a boundless inspiration for their work. Alton has long been a community that celebrates the arts. Since 1891, the Alton Muny Band has been entertaining the community with weekly summer concerts in Riverview and Haskell Parks. As the oldest community theater in Illinois, the Alton Little Theater brings drama and laughter to the stage with a full season of shows sure to entertain. Across the pedestrian overpass, the Jacoby Arts Center features a stunning gallery for local artists to showcase and sell their work. Check the calendar at VisitAlton.com to experience the arts during your visit. Miles Davis Birthplace Miles Davis is considered to be one of the most influential American jazz musicians of the 20th century. Davis played on early bebop records and recorded one of the first cool jazz records. Alton, Illinois is proud to be the birthplace of this jazz giant. On May 26, 1926, Miles Dewey Davis III was born in Alton. Just shy of his second birthday, the family moved to East St. Louis where he spent most of his childhood years. The home where Davis resided is still standing on Milnor Street in Upper Alton. Since it is a private residence, it is not open for viewing. 1-800-258-6645 | 19 Stop Alton 7 Alton Visitor Center Quintessential River Town For centuries, the river has churned along its banks, twisting and turning moments in time that have defined Alton’s heritage. History is still alive in every hill, every valley and every turn the river takes. Among LOCATION: the historic attractions, you will find the Alton Visitor Center 200 Piasa St., Alton Lovejoy Monument, Lincoln-Douglas (800) 258-6645 Debates, Alton Prison, the World’s Tallest N 38° 53.428’, W 90° 11.205’ Man and the silent tracks of the Underground Railroad. With the Alton Visitor Center as a starting point, discover the many sites around the city steeped in history & heritage. Historic Points of Interest Lovejoy Monument Elijah Parrish Lovejoy was born on November 8, 1802 in Albion, Maine. As a Presbyterian minister, he moved to St. Louis in 1832 and started his own religious newspaper known as the St. Louis Observer. LOCATION: It was then that he began his antiAlton Cemetery slavery writings. Monument Ave. & Fifth St., Alton N 38° 53.403’, W 90° 09.951’ Because of his controversial views, an angry mob destroyed Lovejoy’s press and equipment. In 1836, Lovejoy moved his newspaper to Alton in the free state of Illinois. The newspaper was renamed the Alton Observer, and Lovejoy quickly bought new equipment and continued to print his anti-slavery viewpoints. While in Alton, Lovejoy also served as a pastor at the College Avenue Presbyterian Church. On three occasions, mobs destroyed Lovejoy’s presses. On the night of November 6, 1837, a new press arrived from St. Louis by boat. On the morning of November 7, twenty men stayed with Lovejoy to protect the press. As night fell, an angry mob set the building housing the press on fire and murdered Lovejoy. The mob would not leave until the press was finally handed over and thrown into the river. Lovejoy died defending his printing press, giving his life for the freedom of speech and press. In 1897, the citizens of Alton dedicated the Lovejoy Monument in the Alton City Cemetery. Comprised of a huge granite column topped 20 | GreatRiversByway.com with a bronze statue of Victory, it is the tallest monument in Illinois at 110 feet and 8,700 pounds. One of Lovejoy’s presses was recovered from the Mississippi River and is on display at the Alton Telegraph newspaper office at 111 East Broadway. Lincoln Douglas Debates The spotlight of the nation was on the Illinois Senatorial race of 1858 because of the issue of slavery. Incumbent Stephen Douglas represented the “Douglas Democrats” and Abraham Lincoln represented the newly formed Republican Party. LOCATION: Lincoln-Douglas Square Broadway & Landmarks Blvd., Alton N 38° 53.406’, W 90° 11.152’ Arrangements were made for Lincoln and Douglas to debate each other in seven towns, representing the seven Congressional districts that the two had yet to campaign. 1-800-258-6645 | 21 Alton The final of the seven debates was to take place in Alton, Illinois on October 15, 1858. The debate occurred in the afternoon on a platform in front of Alton City Hall with 6,000 people in attendance. Douglas spoke first, accusing Lincoln of extending the Declaration of Independence to the Negroes. Lincoln stood behind his belief that a house divided against itself could not stand. In the end, the debate probably swayed few votes. Douglas went on to win the 1858 election. The people of Alton have paid tribute to Lincoln and Douglas with a monument in Lincoln-Douglas Square. The site, located at Broadway and Landmarks Boulevard, is approximately where the platform would have stood the afternoon of the debate. You can still see Lincoln and Douglas in heated debate, defending their principles and making their appeal for election. 22 | GreatRiversByway.com Alton Prison The first Illinois State Penitentiary was opened in Alton in 1833. Built with prisoner labor, the prison began as a modest structure with 24 cells and grew to be known as “Bluff Castle” with 296 cells and 332 inmates in 1855. The prison was plagued with overLOCATIONS: crowding and deplorable Alton Prison Remains conditions. In 1860, the William St. at Broadway St., Alton N 38° 53.478’, W 90° 11.372’ prison officially closed. Confederate Cemetery Rozier St. (2 blocks west of State St., Alton) N 38° 55.095’, W 90° 11.700’ In February 1862, the prison was reopened as a Federal Military Prison. OverSmall Pox Monument crowding quickly became a Lincoln-Shields Recreation Area, West Alton N 38° 52.937’, W 90° 11.321’ problem and the population often exceeded the supposed capacity of 1,200 prisoners. The cramped quarters fostered the spread of disease and death by pneumonia, dysentery and measles. In November 1862, the first smallpox case was reported, and the disease spread quickly despite efforts to immunize the prisoners. In August 1863, a quarantine hospital was opened on Sunflower Island, located near the Missouri shore. The island became known as Smallpox Island. More than 260 prisoners died and were buried on the island. Lincoln & Civil War Legacy Trail Begin your journey along the Lincoln & Civil War Legacy Trail at Lincoln-Douglas Square. Walk in the footsteps of Abraham Lincoln and Civil War soldiers from North and South as you visit 10 Lincoln and Civil War sites in Alton, experiencing the lasting legacies that shaped the history of America. Learn more at VisitAlton.com/Lincoln. 1-800-258-6645 | 23 Alton Prison continued The prison was closed permanently in July 1865 when the final remaining prisoners were sent to St. Louis. During the war, 1,354 Confederate soldiers, 215 civilians and approximately 240 Union soldiers and guards died at the Alton Military Prison. Today a portion of the cell block is the only remaining ruin of the prison, which took up the entire block of William Street. Located just off State Street on Rozier Street, the Confederate Cemetery is the last resting ground for most of the Confederate soldiers who died at Alton Military Prison. Their names are listed on bronze tablets at the base of the 67 foot tall monument erected in 1907. As the Mississippi River has changed its course over time, you can no longer see Small Pox Island. A monument dedicated to these men can be found just on the other side of the Clark Bridge in the LincolnShields recreation area. The name, ranks, date of death and unit of each soldier can be found etched on this monument looking out onto the Mississippi River. 24 | GreatRiversByway.com Alton’s “Gentle Giant” Alton’s history stands tall with monumental moments, but there are none taller than Alton’s very own “Gentle Giant” — Robert Wadlow. On February 22, 1918, Robert Wadlow was born to Harold and Addie Wadlow, weighing an average eight pounds, six ounces. At six months old, LOCATIONS: he weighed nearly 30 pounds. Due to a Robert Wadlow Statue pituitary gland disorder, he continued 2810 College Ave., Alton to grow at a fantastic rate. By the time N 38° 54.247’, W 90° 08.614’ he was eight years old, he had reached Alton Museum of History & Art 6 feet, 2.5 inches and 195 pounds, 2809 College Ave., Alton (618) 462-2763 larger than many grown men. N 38° 54.187’, W 90° 08.694’ During his short life, Robert received top billing with Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus for his incredible height. In 1938, he toured the country as a representative for International Shoe Company, making personal appearances at shoe stores and showcasing his size 37AA shoes. Robert died as the tallest man in the world, reaching 8 feet, 11.1 inches tall and weighing 439 pounds. He is still considered by the Guinness Book of World Records to be the Tallest Man in the World. Artifacts from his life can be found at the Alton Museum of History & Art. 1-800-258-6645 | 25 Alton Underground Railroad The waters of the mighty Mississippi River played a vital role in the movement of runaway slaves both before and during the Civil War. There are no tracks, just the silent steps of desperate slaves making the journey along the “Alton Route,” a major stop on the Underground Railroad. There were at least three Underground Railroad landings between the confluences. River bluff caves, heavily-wooded valleys and hollows provided good hiding places, as did the basements of residences and churches in the Alton and Godfrey area. A settlement in Godfrey known as Rocky Fork may be the oldest and largest Underground Railroad site in Illinois. By chance, Don Spaulding, a surveyor for Madison County, came across a piece of land in the southwestern portion of Godfrey known as Rocky Fork which was inhabited by freedom seekers of African American descent. Spaulding acquired the land and moved his sawmill operation to Rocky Fork. There he was able to build “one of the best mills in the county” and supply the necessary front to have black laborers on his property. Spaulding also started his own private surveying company to establish land further north that was suitable for Underground Railroad sites. Through the years, hundreds of runaway slaves sought temporary refuge at Rocky Fork. Regionally, there are many stories, oral traditions and evidence that the Underground Railroad was active along the Mississippi River and throughout the region. The “Alton Route” of the Underground Railroad is best experienced with a tour guide. Underground Railroad Tour Providers: J.E. Robinson Tours (618) 462-5590 Bluff City Tours (618) 466-8693 26 | GreatRiversByway.com Stop 8 Riverview Park On the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River, Riverview Park is the centerpiece of the Christian Hill historic district. Featuring a sunken garden abundant with flora and Victorian bandstand that plays host to the LOCATION Alton Muny Band, visitors and locals alike Riverview Park 450 Belleview St., Alton make the trek to this picturesque bluff-top (618) 463-3580 park to delight in the stunning views of N 38° 53.716’, W 90° 11.650’ the Mississippi River. Points of Interest Alton’s Historic Districts The City of Alton is divided into three historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places — Upper Alton, Christian Hill and Middletown. The Upper Alton Historic District, which was once a separate town from Alton, is anchored by a former military academy and college campus. Developed from the 1830s to 1910, the Christian Hill Historic District features mostly antebellum Victorian Houses and the occasional Federal-styled. Featuring many mansions, the Middletown Historic District was the center of wealth in the early days of Alton. Historic Homes Driving Tour Visitors interested in a driving tour of the homes in these districts are encouraged to request a Historic Alton Driving Tour brochure at the Alton Visitor Center. 1-800-258-6645 | 27 Stop Alton 9 Piasa Park On June 10, 1673, Joliet and Marquette set out on an expedition down the Mississippi to find a waterway leading to the Pacific Ocean. As the explorers made their way down the river, they encountered the image of a large LOCATION monster on the face of the bluffs — the Piasa Park Piasa Bird. This legendary bluff painting Illinois Rte. 100, Alton has been recreated today on the bluffs N 38° 53.861’, W 90° 11.948’ at Piasa Park and still attracts visitors drawn to its mystery and lore. While the Piasa Bird serves as a reminder of the region’s early inhabitants, it is also at this stop that today’s adventurers take a break to stretch their legs or gain access to trailheads and facilities. The Piasa Bird The Illini Indians of the region called the monster “The Piasa” (pronounced Pie-a-saw), meaning bird that devours men. According to Marquette’s diary, “They are as large As a calf; They have Horns on their heads Like those of a deer, a horrible look, red eyes, a beard like a tiger’s, a face somewhat like a man’s, a body covered with scales, and 28 | GreatRiversByway.com so Long A tail that it winds all around the body, passing above the head and going back between the legs, ending in a fish’s tail. Green, red and black are the three Colors composing the Pictures.” There are many legends among the Upper Mississippi Native American tribes regarding the Piasa, its origin, and its demise at the hands of the Illini Indians. The image of the Piasa painted on the bluff can be seen here at Piasa Park. Read the legend and see if you believe. Points of Interest Sam Vadalabene Bike Trail With its towering bluffs and rolling waters of the Mississippi River, the Sam Vadalabene Bike Trail is one of the most scenic trails in Illinois. Beginning at Piasa Park, this 20-mile paved trail runs parallel to the byway from Alton to Pere Marquette State Park in Grafton. Great Rivers Bird & Bike Trail Endorsed by the Missouri Audubon, this trail highlights places to view migrating waterfowl and hundreds of bird species native to the region. The route begins in Hartford at the Confluence Bike Trail, connects to the Alton Bike Trail and continues along the Sam Vadalabene Trail. For details, go to www.VisitAlton.com/GreatRiversTrail. 1-800-258-6645 | 29 Godfrey Godfrey’s bluffs and vast open spaces are part of the natural scenery along the byway, however, the town-center is actually located just off the byway on top of the river bluffs. The village of Godfrey itself earned its namesake from one of its most prominent citizens, Benjamin Godfrey. Settling in Illinois in 1832, Godfrey was a Yankee shipmaster and merchant trader who was most often called the “Captain.” In 1833, he went into business with Winthrop Gilman and started a shipping company in Alton — Godfrey, Gilman & Company. 30 | GreatRiversByway.com Just four years after his arrival in the state, Benjamin Godfrey was one of the most successful and prominent men in Illinois. He had a fourteen room, two-story, stone mansion built for his family on a plat of land in Monticello, just outside of Alton. One of Godfrey’s greater contributions to the community of Monticello came in 1833 when he announced his plans to build a seminary for women, which opened to students in 1838. Godfrey designed and laid out the village of Monticello with the seminary at its center. It was not until Benjamin Godfrey died in August of 1862, that the villagers started to transition into calling the town Godfrey. Today, Lewis & Clark Community College is located on the grounds of what was once Monticello Seminary. The Benjamin Godfrey Memorial Chapel, built in 1854, still stands on the campus. Stop The Village of Godfrey has grown considerably since the early 1800s. By modern standards, Godfrey is still a small community with citizens dedicated to preserving their local history and instilling community pride in future generations. 10 Great Rivers Park, Hoffman Gardens Hoffman Gardens was named in honor of Godfrey’s first mayor, Lars Hoffman. A pull-off at the park provides visitors with a peaceful retreat to view the river, migrating birds and the geological formations of the bluffs. At LOCATION night, landscape lighting illuminates the Great Rivers Park bluffs, exposing rock formations dating Illinois Rte. 100, Godfrey back thousands of years. (618) 466-1483 GodfreyIL.org N 38° 54.908’, W 90° 13.593’ 1-800-258-6645 | 31 Godfrey Points of Interest Olin Nature Preserve & The Nature Institute The Nature Institute in Godfrey encompasses nearly 300 acres of land surrounding the Olin Nature Preserve, one of the largest privately owned nature preserves in the state. Researchers and scientists have LOCATION identified more than 300 native Olin Nature Preserve plant species and 150 species of & The Nature Institute nesting and migratory birds, as 2213 S. Levis Lane, Godfrey well as nesting and den sites for the (618) 466-9930 TheNatureInstitute.org American Bald Eagle and the endanN 38° 55.163’, W 90° 13.450’ gered Timber Rattlesnake. Trails throughout the preserve allow visitors to experience the vast landscape, which contains steep limestone bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River, small streams, upland forest and loess hill prairie. Sitting adjacent to the preserve, the Kemp & Cora Hutchinson Bird Sanctuary features a .75 mile interpretive grassland bird trail, looping through the sanctuary. An observation platform offers visitors a bird’s eye view of the 150 native plant species of the prairie. 32 | GreatRiversByway.com Stop 11 Clifton Terrace Historically, Clifton Terrace was a landing for boats. By the turn of the century, a colony of summer cottages, vineyards, cellars and hotels graced the town. Today, the remains of the Clifton Inn and wine cellar are signs of a bygone day of winemaking and revelry. Situated along LOCATION the Sam Vadalabene Bike Trail Clifton Terrace Park with access to the LaVista Trail Illinois Rte. 100 at Clifton Terrace Rd., for hiking, Clifton Terrace Park Godfrey (618) 466-1483 provides visitors with a pleasant GodfreyIL.org resting spot to take in the beauty N 38° 55.691’, W 90° 15.201’ of the Mississippi River. From Illinois Route 100, visitors can take Clifton Terrace Rd. off the byway to Illinois Route 3 in order to experience the natural beauty and historic points of interest in the Village of Godfrey. 1-800-258-6645 | 33 Godfrey Points of Interest LaVista Trail & Park Park the car and test your endurance on this one-mile trail beginning at the edge of Clifton Terrace Park and leading up the bluffs to Illinois Rte. 3. Crossing a beautiful wooded area, the trail consists of an old oil and chip road on the upper portion and a gravel LOCATION LaVista Park & Trail road on the lower portion. The trail is 2421 W. Delmar Ave., Godfrey easy to navigate with one steep section. (618) 466-1483 At the end of the trail, Godfrey’s LaVista GodfreyIL.org N 38° 56.023’, W 90° 14.375’ Park is home to the Discovery Garden, an all-natural community garden. Glazebrook Park As a site for year-round recreation, visitors can bike or stroll along the Glazebrook Park Trail and rest beside the 1-acre lake. Each fall, the park attracts thousands of visitors eager to “get lost” in Godfrey at the Great Godfrey Maze. The Maze contains 2.4 miles of trails cut into 7-acres of corn, LOCATION each year featuring a different theme. Glazebrook Park Corn cannons, the corn crib, kiddie train, 1401 Stamper Lane, Godfrey movie nights and haunted happenings (618) 466-1483 at the maze round out the fall season at GodfreyIL.org N 38° 56.710’, W 90° 12.447’ the park. 34 | GreatRiversByway.com Lewis & Clark Community College Benjamin Godfrey Chapel Located on the Lewis & Clark Community College Campus, the Benjamin Godfrey Chapel has become a landmark in the community. Built in 1854, this church has been designated as one of only six LOCATION churches outside the northeastern Lewis & Clark Community College 5800 Godfrey Rd., Godfrey United States that are authentic (618) 466-7000 copies of New England church archiLC.edu tecture. The chapel is listed on the N 38° 57.005’, W 90° 11.500’ National Register of Historic Places. Signature Gardens Tucked away on the campus, the Signature Gardens are a showcase of incredible landscapes and beautiful sculptures. You can walk or drive through the campus to enjoy the beautiful flora, sculpture and architectural structures. Lindbergh Relay Station The Air Mail Act of 1925 permitted the Post Master General to select companies in the private sector to take over the operation for airmail service. Based in St. Louis, Robertson Aviation was awarded a contract for the route delivering mail from St. Louis to Chicago. On April 15, 1926 Charles Lindbergh made his first flight as an airmail pilot for Robertson on the flight from St. Louis to Chicago. Along the route, Lindbergh had selected nine landing fields to provide assistance to the pilots if needed. LOCATION Lindbergh Relay Station 6810 Godfrey Rd., Godfrey (618) 466-3324 GodfreyIL.org N 38° 58.123’, W 90° 11.611’ Lindbergh leased 40-acres of land to be used as a landing strip for mail planes in Godfrey. There he erected a small building to store supplies and use as a layover when weather grounded flights. The relay station has been restored and moved to a site at Godfrey Village Hall. 1-800-258-6645 | 35 Stop Elsah & Principia 12 Elsah & Principia Village of Elsah In 1853, James Semple founded the Village of Elsah, naming it for the last bit of land he saw as he sailed from his native land of Scotland. Elsah became quite a port on the Mississippi River with a flour mill, distilleries, manufacturing companies and warehouses. The traces of Elsah’s early commerce have disappeared, but many of the houses representing the village’s early beginnings still remain, creating the feeling of stepping back in time. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Elsah is graced with clusters of LOCATION Village of Elsah stone cottages and tidy gardens. The Illinois Rte. 100 village retains its historical flavor and is Elsah.org a favorite spot for photographers looking N 38° 57.116’, W 90° 21.820’ for a picture perfect glimpse of early Americana, as well as travelers interested in a leisurely stroll. A few quaint shops, the village restaurant and a couple bed and breakfast inns beckon the traveler to retreat into the past and linger a bit longer in the “village where time stood still.” 36 | GreatRiversByway.com Principia Located high upon the bluffs, Principia College is the only Christian Science College in the world. In 1898, Mary Kimball Morgan, a St. Louis mother of two, began the first Christian Scientist school, focusing on the moral and spiritual dimensions of education. LOCATION Principia College Her school began to grow from two One Maybeck Place, Elsah students to fifteen with the addition of a (618) 374-2131 second teacher. Eventually, a formal grade Prin.edu N 38° 56.928’, W 90° 20.980’ school and high school were founded in St. Louis and remain today. In 1930, the land for Principia College was purchased in Elsah, high upon the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River. San Francisco architect Bernard Ralph Maybeck was commissioned to design the master plan for the college campus. The design and construction of Principia was the largest commission in Maybeck’s career and was, in his own words, “his favorite child.” Maybeck convinced college administrators that his English Village design would “express the spirit of home, or peace, and of absolute harmony with [its] physical surroundings.” The campus is considered a National Historic Landmark, and its buildings and grounds are truly a masterpiece of breathtaking scenery and architectural beauty. Self-guided driving tours of the campus are available to visitors daily. Appointments can be made to view “Benny,” a mammoth discovered on the campus in 1999 and excavated by the students from 2002 to 2012. Benny is one of the most significant vertebrate paleontological finds in the central United States. 1-800-258-6645 | 37 Stop Chautauqua 13 Chautauqua In 1874, the very first Chautauqua was organized on the shores of Chautauqua Lake in New York by Methodist minister John Heyl Vincent and Lewis Miller with the purpose of training Sunday school teachers in an outdoor summer school format. By the turn of the century, LOCATION hundreds of Chautauquas had been New Piasa Chautauqua Illinois Rte. 100 formed across the country. The emphasis N 38° 57.732’, W 90° 23.307’ of the communities shifted from religion to academics, culture and entertainment. The New Piasa Chautauqua was founded in 1885. Thousands of people traveled from St. Louis, Springfield and other surrounding cities to set up tents and attend the very first meeting. By 1886, the first cottage was built on the land purchased as a permanent home for the New Piasa Chautauqua. At its peak, the resort community, structured around culture and scholarly activities, boasted of 135 cottages and a hotel. Today, this private gated community is still occupied by many descendants of the original residents. Though Chautauqua is not open to the public, the landmark lighthouse and bluff side cottages offer a glimpse of this unique river community. 38 | GreatRiversByway.com Stop Grafton 14 Grafton: Shaped by the River Though many explorers made their way through Grafton as far back as the 1670s, it was not until 1819 that James Mason purchased the land that is now Grafton and established a ferry. With one ferry crossing the Mississippi River and another crossing the Illinois River, conducting business with St. Louis could be completed in one day. Grafton quickly grew to be a bustling river town, which was incorporated in 1836 and named in honor of James Mason’s birthplace — Grafton, Massachusetts. In the early 1800s, Grafton’s riverfront was one of the largest fresh water fishing ports on the Mississippi River. The riverfront landscape was packed with manufacturing companies, mills, wharves, loading docks and riverboat traffic. Grafton’s prime location on the river necessitated a boat construction industry. Everything from steamboats to dredge boats and paddle wheelers were being built in Grafton. Surrounded by towering limestone bluffs, quarried limestone was used for much of the local construction and early buildings. LOCATION Illinois Rte. 100 EnjoyGrafton.com N 38° 58.178’, W 90° 25.725’ As transportation and industry evolved in the early 1900s, the time of bustling business on the riverfront in Grafton came to an end with many businesses closing their doors, including the Grafton Manufacturing Company started so many years ago by founding father James Mason. The boat manufacturing business was one of the only industries that transitioned into the new century. In 1924, the current Grafton Boat Works building was erected on the riverfront, closing its doors for the last time in the 1970s. While the riverfront of Grafton has drastically changed since its early beginnings, many historic buildings still remain on Grafton’s Main Street as a memory of times gone by. Since the first major flood in 1844, flooding has continued to be a part of Grafton’s history with the most recent flood in 1993 being the worst in recorded history. 1-800-258-6645 | 39 Grafton continued Again, the people of Grafton fought the swelling waters of the Mississippi, dried themselves off and rebuilt the city around them. Despite the threat of floods and whatever obstacles the future may hold, the people of Grafton always seem to find a reason to celebrate both the challenges and the opportunities the river brings. Today, the riverfront is lively with a different type of industry. Unique specialty shops, antique stores, “hot fish” sandwich stands, wineries, guest houses and a first-class marina line the Main Street of this quaint tourist town. There is no better place to experience life on the river than where the Illinois and Mississippi rivers meet in Grafton. 40 | GreatRiversByway.com Points of Interest Riverside Wineries Napa Valley meets the river valley at the riverside wineries of Grafton. There are more than 40 varieties of wine made right here from both imported and locally grown grapes, apples and even some Calhoun County Peaches. A combination of wine tasting rooms and on-site winemaking operations line the Main Street and bluff tops, offering some of the most scenic views of the confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. Grafton Harbor The etched bluffs and forested islands along the byway are simply breathtaking when enjoyed cruising along the river. The first-class facilities found at the Grafton Harbor are a haven for boaters looking for long-term docking, an overnight stay or place to rest for the day. Grafton Lighthouse The unpredictable nature of the river has always been a part of the rhythm of life in Grafton. When faced with the devastating destruction from the Flood of 1993, the city picked itself up, dried itself off and rebuilt again. The lighthouse on the riverfront stands as a symbol of the resilience and determination of this river town. 1-800-258-6645 | 41 Stop Grafton 15 Pere Marquette Cross Looking Back in Time On June 10, 1673, French explorer Louis Joliet and Jesuit priest Father Jacques Marquette led the first French expedition down the Mississippi River in search of the Pacific Ocean. The expedition followed the Mississippi River to the mouth of the LOCATION Arkansas River, at which point the Marquette Cross Native Americans there informed them Illinois Rte. 100, Grafton N 38° 58.329’, W 90° 28.003’ that they were only about ten days away from the Gulf of Mexico, not the Pacific Ocean. Fearing they may be captured by the Native Americans or Spanish, they chose to turn around and begin their journey home. Even though they never reached the Gulf, the expedition was still considered to be a success. Marquette and Joliet established relations with the Native American tribes they met along the way, and their discoveries eventually led to the French possession of Louisiana. 42 | GreatRiversByway.com Stop 16 Brussels Ferry Over the River Located just north of Grafton, the Brussels Ferry is one of the few remaining free ferries operating in the United States today, transporting motorists across the Illinois River into Calhoun County. Before railroads and bridges, early American ferries provided passage of goods and people across the rivers. Just a quick ferry ride away, visitors can experience the LOCATION ageless beauty and peaceful surroundings Illinois Rte. 100, Grafton of the Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge (618) 786-3636 and the small historic villages found dotted N 38° 58.068’, W 90° 29.704’ along the Calhoun County countryside. Take the Ferry: Give the ferries a try as you are traveling throughout the region along the scenic byway. In some cases, the ferry can shorten your route and cut your travel time in half. Kampsville Free Ferry Crossing the Illinois River at IL Rte. 108 in Kampsville. (618) 653-4518 Brussels Free Ferry Crossing the Illinois River at IL Rte. 100 into Calhoun County. (618) 786-3636 Golden Eagle Ferry Crossing the Mississippi River at Hwy. 94 near St. Charles into Calhoun County. (618) 535-5759 1-800-258-6645 | 43 Stop Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge 17 Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge Encompassing 8,501-acres, the Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge is one of five refuges in the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge Complex. The majority of the land protected is located near the confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. The refuge is managed for migratory birds, endangered species and migratory fish. It provides an important link in the chain of resting, feeding and wintering areas for migratory species using the Mississippi Flyway, as well as an important habitat for many resident wildlife species. Spring and fall are the ideal seasons to witness migrating waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and songbirds as they move along the Mississippi Flyway. In the winter months, the migrating American Bald Eagles can often be found nesting in the Gilbert Lake Refuge or roosting and feeding near Swan Lake. Points of Interest Swan Lake Take the Brussels Ferry across the Illinois River into Calhoun County. Located in Brussels, the Calhoun Division of the refuge features 4,835 acres of floodplain, including the 2,600-acre Swan Lake. Migratory LOCATION birds may be viewed in the spring Swan Lake Visitor Center HCR 82, Box 107, Brussels and fall, and visitors enjoy (618) 883-2524 hundreds of eagles that frequent N 38° 56.170’, W 90° 32.420’ the area during the winter months. Thousands of snow geese also come to feed on the winter wheat and roost on Swan Lake. Plan a stop at the Swan Lake Visitor Center to learn more about the refuge and utilize the viewing platforms and spotting scopes available there. 44 | GreatRiversByway.com Gilbert Lake Recreational fishing is available on all five divisions of the refuge in accordance with State of Illinois seasons and regulations. Catfish, crappie, bluegill, and largemouth bass are the most sought-after species, and the Gilbert Lake refuge is one of the most popular fishing LOCATION holes. Visitors can also venture out Illinois Rte. 100, on the Gilbert Lake Trail, located on North of Brussels Ferry top of the levee with Illinois River (618) 883-2524 and Gilbert Lake on either side. N 38° 58.007’, W 90° 29.890’ Along the trail, visitors can spot deer, squirrels, waterfowl and wading birds as they advance through the floodplain forests. Gilbert Lake is closed annually October 15 – December 31. 1-800-258-6645 | 45 Stop Pere Marquette State Park 18 Pere Marquette State Park The journey along the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway reaches its northernmost point at Pere Marquette State Park. With more than 8,000 acres of land, Pere Marquette is the largest state park in Illinois. Winding roads weave their way through the park to scenic overlooks featuring LOCATION Illinois Rte. 100, Grafton some of the most grand and expansive (618) 786-3323 views of the Illinois River valley. SeasonN 38° 58.378’, W 90° 32.585’ ally, the park is known for its exceptional fall colors, beautiful blossoms in the spring and the migration of hundreds of American Bald Eagles in the winter months. More than 230 species of birds can be found during the migratory seasons. A large variety of rare trees and plant life can also be seen along the trails. Fall foliage hikes, owl prowls and eagle watching adventures are mere samples of the educational nature-based programs available at the park year-round. For the adventuresome, the park offers a number of outdoor recreational opportunities with miles of hiking trails winding through the park, horseback riding, camping, fishing, boating and biking. Pere Marquette is the perfect location to spend the day relaxing or stay the night for an outdoor adventure like no other. 46 | GreatRiversByway.com Points of Interest Pere Marquette Visitor Center & Hiking Trails Begin your exploration of the park at the Pere Marquette Visitor Center. Displays in the center include a three-dimensional map of the park, a 270-gallon aquarium, and numerous exhibits featuring wildlife habitats, local history and the geology of the Illinois River valley. LOCATION Pere Marquette Visitor Center 13112 Visitor Center Ln., Grafton (618) 786-3323 N 38° 58.378’, W 90° 32.585’ Year-round visitors have access to eight different hiking trails ranging in length from a quarter-mile to five miles long, featuring overlooks of wetlands, underground springs, forest and prairie. The most expansive views of the region can only be found by hitting the trails and making the trek to the top of McAdams Peak and Twin Mounds. Trail guides are available at the Visitor Center. The Lodge Pere Marquette Lodge and Conference Center was built in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps under President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a WPA project. An attraction itself, the native stone, rustic LOCATION timbers and 700 ton stone fireplace Pere Marquette Lodge in the Great Room create a secluded 13653 Lodge Blvd., Grafton retreat atmosphere. The Lodge (618) 786-2331 features 50 guest rooms, 22 cabins and N 38° 58.321’, W 90° 32.458’ full-service dining room. 1-800-258-6645 | 47 Photo Credits Walter Blackledge, Gene Kunz, Don Love, John Metcalfe, Tim Parker, Keith Wedoe, Lewis & Clark Community College and Principia College Alton Regional Convention and Visitors Bureau 200 Piasa St., Alton 62002 | 1-800-258-6645 | GreatRiversByway.com 20M 06/13