2. Rye in/for Estonia

Rye in/for Estonia
For the international conference
More Attention to Rye
Tartu, October 7th 2011
Share of rye today
• World:
– rye is produced on 5 continents in more than
50 countries
• However:
– the share of rye in total grain production is
only 1% as maize, wheat and rice make 3
together nearly 90%
• Estonia:
– in 1989 – 17% of total grain production;
– In 2010 – 4%
Global grain production 2009
in total 2500 mil t, maize + wheat + rice=88%
wheat
28%
rice
27%
barley
6%
maize
33%
millet
4%
rye
1%
oats
1%
World top rye producers
Share of RYE production (%)
Ukraine
3,9%
Russia
13,6%
Tyrkie
2,2%
Others
1,5%
USA
1,6%
Argentina
0,4%
Belorussia
10,0%
Canada
1,8%
Source: USDA
EC 27
65,1%
Share of rye yesterday
• Share and use are in development
– Decline in production (from almost 40 million
tons to about 20 million tons in last 50 years)
– Diversification in use (from mainly food crop
to feed and bio-energy raw material)
Rye production
(World 1961-2009, tons)
45000000
40000000
35000000
30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
Use/importance of rye
• Food – food industry
– Bread, incl. kama-flower (30% rye) etc.
– Rye Beer, Kvas
– Alcohol (mainly Vodka and Wiskey)
• Industrial use
– Building material (straw)
– Bio-energy (ethanol, biogas, heat, …)
– Bio plastic
– Chemical and textile industry (starch)
• Research (Jõgeva, Tartu)
No 99 Theatre – building made of straw 2011
Research on Rye
• Sangaste – point of departure of Estonian
rye breeding for past 100 years
• Jõgeva SAI – rye breeding center for past
50 years
• Genetic material preservation (Nordic
Cooperation) for past 15 years
Sangaste
Estonian rye history
• Earl Friedrich Georg Magnus von Bergs
heritage
• Sangaste Castle Rye room and possible
future wider rye center
Questions and expectations related
to rye
•
•
•
•
•
To continue making bread?
To distill to alcohol?
To feed to animals?
To burn for energy?
To….
How to keep as food?
How to keep rye bread?
How to keep the beauty of rye field and rye
(corn) flower?
World Rye consumption (%)
Tyrkie
2,0%
Ukraine
4,7%
Others
1,5%
USA
2,4%
Argentina
0,3%
Belorussia
8,4%
Canada
0,9%
Russia
Norway 13,7%
0,3%
Kazahstan
0,4%
Japan
0,5%
EC 27
64,9%
Source: USDA
Rye consumption per capita in 2009. (kg)
kg
30
25,7
25
21,7
20,9
20
16,7
15
13,6
10,5
10
5,2
5
4,7
3,8
1,1
1,0
0,5
0,4
0,2
Ireland
Hungary
UK
France
Malta
2,3
Greece
Netherlands
Luxemburg
Germany
Austria
Lithuania
Slovak rep.
Source: Eurostat
Estonia
Latvija
Poland
0
Use of rye in Germany 2009
exports etc.
13%
feed
13%
for bread baking
17%
bioenergy
57%
Use of rye in Estonia (2009)
manufacturing
alcoholic beverages
1,8%
export 37,1%
human cunsumption
(bread) 46,6%
feed 14,5%
Food traditions changing
• Everyday main food - bread
• Supplement to soup or main dish
• Dark bread vs light bread (Leib ja sai)
• Sandwich (Butterbrot / Võileib – as fastfood)
Renovations with rye as food
• Mc Rye and snack sandwiches
• Flower mixes for baking
• Products with rye bread additives
– Yoghurts
– Quark rolls (Kohukesed)
– In flower (Baltic herring in Kaera-Jaan)
– Milk slices (Milch-Schnitte)
The way forward
• Common actions
– To preserve biodiversity
– To promote healthy food and nutrition
– To enhance rye related research and plant
breeding
– To keep and cultivate traditions