Mise en page 1

highlights
2014
ANNUAL REPORT
CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU BÂTIMENT - SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CENTER FOR BUILDING
MARNE-LA-VALLÉE
PARIS
GRENOBLE
NANTES
SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS
FONDATION LOUIS VUITTON, Paris
Architect: Frank Gehry
Innovation
Insulated glazed envelope, SIPRAL, ATEx 1724
‘Iceberg’ internal walls, ÎLE-DE-FRANCE PLÂTRERIE, ATEx 1829
Bonded glass canopies, EIFFEL CONSTRUCTION MÉTALLIQUE, ATEx 1789
Facade, HOFMEISTER DACH, ATEx 1832
Cladding, HOFMEISTER, ATEx 1834
CSTB input
Computed dimensioning and wind comfort study,
with wind tunnel testing of a 1:150-scale model
Cover
GINKO ECO-NEIGHBORHOOD, Bordeaux
Labeled in 2014
+
FIN
UT
DO M
E
OR
L’Essentiel 2014 online,
click on this icon
to view enriched contents.
www.cstb.fr
2
4
6
Editorial
Governance & Values
Executive Committee
8 GUIDING STAKEHOLDERS THROUGH THE INNOVATION PROCESS
9
10
12
14
15
Introduction
Research-driven partnership with public and private sector stakeholders
Guiding stakeholders through technical assessment
Certification for product and building quality
Facilitating the dissemination of knowledge to stakeholders
16 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE
17 Introduction
18 At materials and components level
26 At building level
• For existing buildings
• For new buildings
38 At neighborhood and city level
46
48
50
52
Organization & Teams
2014 Key figures
Subsidiaries
Social Responsibility at the CSTB
1
“ The energy and digital
transitions, the economic
challenge and big data
are all CSTB priorities.”
ÉTIENNE CRÉPON
ÉTIENNE CRÉPON,
CSTB President
CSTB 2015:
ADAPTATION,
SERVICE
AND CLARITY
by Ségolène Royal, the Minister for Ecology, Sustainable
Development and Energy, has become a necessity as a result of
climate change and the crucial need to manage natural resources.
The quest for safer, more comfortable living conditions remains
a constant social goal.
Stakeholder in energy and digital transitions
The CSTB contribution to energy transition policy focuses
particularly on developing reliable forecast scenarios on the basis
of grassroots feedback and analyses, like those conducted on the
Energy Performance Contract. The success of this transition relies
on considerations that take full account of the different scales
involved, from individual buildings to neighborhoods and cities.
A number of initiatives undertaken in 2014 underline the CSTB’s
commitment in this context: examples include the assessment
of labeled ÉcoQuartiers communities and the Smart Grids
demonstrator in Lyon to improve power demand management.
The same is true of the June 2014 creation of the Efficacity
institute as a public-private partnership as part of the Plan
d’investissement d’avenir, to which the CSTB is a contributor.
Digital transition, obligation to deliver results rather than just
energy performance resources, renovation projects taking over
from new construction as the driver of innovation, and new
momentum for innovation from both SMEs and major industrial
companies: the world of construction is changing considerably.
In 2014, the CSTB continued adapting its services, resources
and organizational structure in response to the new demands
triggered by these changes.
The transition needed to respond to new requirements and
expectations demands a dynamic response, since it originates
in a fundamental shift and must be accomplished in a context
of multiple constraints, the most important of which are
economic. The energy transition demanded and directed
by central government and enshrined in the law sponsored
On the basis of expertise gained from its work on the Building
Information Model (BIM), the CSTB has been appointed as a
digital transition facilitator under the terms of the action plan
announced by Sylvia Pinel, the Minister for Housing, Regional
2
Partnering with innovative companies
As a source of support for every link in the innovation chain, the
CSTB is expanding its services, with particular focus on those
designed for VSEs, SMEs and startups for which we have created
the Ariane local advisory and support service. Introduced initially
to support technical assessment (around 300 companies have
used it since 2013), this service is now being extended to cover all
the needs of innovative companies, from concept to market. This
cross-functional support is now being extended to research at the
CSTB Carnot Institute to bring projects that directly address the
concrete challenges of the market to maturity. In 2015, its aim is
to provide financial engineering support under a partnership with
Bpifrance, the public funding institution particularly attuned to
the needs of construction companies.
Equality and Rural Affairs. Also in 2014, work began on the
hospital in Ajaccio, the first public sector project designed and
produced using the digital model; a project in which the CSTB
is a technical partner.
CSTB expertise in health protection initiatives and research was
rewarded with a Pollutec 2014 Award for the design of an indoor
air pollution monitoring and detection device. Industrial
development of this innovation will continue in 2015. At the
request of the relevant official bodies, the CSTB will also provide
scientific and technical coordination for the asbestos Research
& Remediation Plan.
Lastly, as part of intensifying its overall policy in tune with
the transformational changes now underway, the CSTB is also
responding to the challenges posed by the economy and big
data. The first challenge is to develop the most accurate
possible cost controls at a time when the construction sector
generally, and housing in particular, is in major crisis. The
second is to become better at using all the data generated by
existing buildings for the benefit of research to improve
building performance.
At the same time, the development of the national support network
continues through partnerships with regional representative
organizations. Five partnership agreements have already been
signed, and the aim is to cover all of France by the end of 2016.
Adaptation and transparency
The CSTB is underpinned by its fundamental missions, expertise
and scientific and technical credibility, in offering effective
responses to construction industry stakeholders through its serviceoriented approach. It adapts continually through the new resources
it develops and implements, and via an organizational structure
that is being expanded to deliver a better response to the needs
of its clients. It also plays a supporting role for public institutions
in developing their policies, and puts particular emphasis, within
the scope of its missions, on assisting innovative companies,
especially VSEs and SMEs.
CAROLE LE GALL,
CSTB Chief Executive Officer
At the same time as making these transformational changes, and
with the clear goal of optimizing its services, the CSTB is also
evolving internally to make its work even more transparent. Efforts
in this direction are concentrated chiefly on expanding its Board
and introducing a business ethics committee. In conjunction with
the mediator, this body will exercise a supervisory role to ensure
that all applications are treated equally.
To fulfill its missions and to satisfy its clients and partners, are
commitments shared by everyone at the CSTB. Our commitment
to listening and dialog is the cornerstone of a wider partnershipbased approach to progressing innovation. Faithful to our values
and with our many skills, we are here to help construction industry
professionals turn their ideas into projects, and contribute to the
sustainable development of cities and regions.
“ The CSTB offers effective
responses to stakeholders
through its service-oriented
approach.”
CAROLE LE GALL
3
GOVERNANCE
As a state-owned industrial and commercial company, the CSTB has a duty to reconcile the economic,
social and environmental aspects of sustainable development in conjunction with the expectations
of its stakeholders to deliver its public interest missions successfully.
The CSTB pursues a policy of progress founded on the strong values of continual improvement and
meeting the expectations of its clients, employees, ministries and partners. Its strategy and operational
objectives are set out in the Objectives and Performance Contract 2014-2017 signed with the French
state. As part of its constant commitment to greater transparency, it also entered into a commitment
to implement a new business ethics body at the end of 2014. This commitment has led to the creation
of an external business ethics committee. The missions and organizational structure of the CSTB
are defined in Articles L142-1, L142-2 and R142-1 to R142-14 of the Building Code. Its President
is appointed by governmental decree, and its Chief Executive Officer by ministerial order.
Experts:
Henry BEAUGIRAUD,
Delegate for Technical Affairs
at the French Building Federation (FFB)
Alain BENTÉJAC,
Co-President of Artelia
François BERTIÈRE,
President of Bouygues Immobilier
Emmanuelle COLBOC,
Architect
Patrick LIÉBUS,
President of the Confederation of Craftsmen
and Small Builders (CAPEB)
Jean-Marie VAISSAIRE,
CEO of Glassolutions – Saint-Gobain
The Board
It is composed of eighteen members appointed by Ministerial
Order in three colleges:
– six staff representatives
– six state representatives
– six qualified experts
Defined by government decree, its competence extends to
approval of budgets and financial statements, validation of
the Objectives and Performance Contract and annual research
programs, and strategic issues of all types. Board meetings are
attended by the Government Commissioner, the Economic and
Financial Auditor General, the members of the Executive
Committee and the Secretary of the Works Council.
The following CSTB Board members
are state representatives:
Hoang BUI,
representing the Minister for Industry
Étienne CRÉPON,
CSTB President,
representing the Minister for Construction
Patrick-Paul DUVAL,
representing the Minister for Scientific and Technical Research
Emmanuelle GAY,
representing the Minister for the Environment
Hervé TÉPHANY,
representing the Minister responsible for Civil Security
Agnès VINCE,
representing the Minister responsible for Architecture
Elected staff representatives:
Catherine ANDRIEUX, CSTB Marne-la-Vallée
Martina BOLLMANN, CSTB Marne-la-Vallée
Jean-Paul FLORI, CSTB Nantes
Marie-France LEROY, CSTB Marne-la-Vallée
Claude POMPÉO, CSTB Grenoble
Florence RENIER, CSTB Marne-la-Vallée
Also present at Board meetings:
Jean-Marc MICHEL,
Director-General for Development,
Housing and Nature as Government Commissioner
Albert-Patrice PEIRANO,
as General Economic and Financial Auditor
4
VALUES
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE
& KNOWLEDGE SHARING
within a framework of strict confidentiality, respect for
intellectual, industrial and private property rights, and
a non-negotiable refusal to yield to inappropriate pressure.
The missions of the CSTB have their foundation in the
scientific and technical issues of construction in the wider
context of the economic, environmental and social challenges
faced by the construction industry. To ensure that these high
standards are maintained, the CSTB regularly assesses the
skills of its teams, and provides them with the resources
needed to develop their knowledge.
CONFIDENTIALITY
CSTB employees are bound by the mandatory confidentiality
rules essential for standing by its commitments and maintaining
the trust inherent in its confidential relationships with clients.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
AND CLIENT SATISFACTION
INTEGRITY AND TRANSPARENCY
Identification of sources, transparency of knowledge, clarity
of methods, attention to detail and objectivity underpin
everything the CSTB does. Consultation, verification and
validation are the essential core values of the work it does
Together with fostering mutually beneficial relationships with
its suppliers, the satisfaction of its clients and partners is a
fundamental plank of CSTB policy.
The CSTB management committee
The management committee defines CSTB strategy, acts
as internal arbitrator, and structures the management of the
organization. It decides upon, and provides the resources
required for, the smooth-running of the organization. The
members of the management committee are: the President of
CSTB, the Chief Executive Officer, the Deputy Chief Executive
Officer and Research & Development Director, the Deputy
Research & Development Director, the Deputy Chief Executive
Officer and Technical Director, the Deputy Director for
Technical Partnerships, the Secretary-General, the Human
Resources Director, the Communication and External Relations
Director, the Standardization, Marketing and International
Affairs Director. The Quality Manager may also attend
committee meetings when required to do so.
The external business ethics committee
Approved by the Board in December 2014, the CSTB external
business ethics committee will become fully operational during
2015. The seven external experts on this committee will guide
and support the CSTB in ensuring full compliance with its
stated commitments for the purpose of guaranteeing ethical
behavior and preventing conflicts of interest. It will prepare an
annual report on its work for submission to the CSTB Board.
F O R R E S E A R C H A N D E X P E RT I S E AC T I V I T I E S
The consultative committee
The mission of the consultative committee is to support and
guide the CSTB R&D policy. Its composition is defined by
ministerial order and its members come from a broad range
of multidisciplinary backgrounds. In addition to representatives
of central government and its agencies, the members of this
committee include representatives of research organizations
and construction industry socioeconomic stakeholders. It is
chaired by Michel RAY, the Scientific Director of EGIS.
The executive committee
The members of the executive committee are: the CSTB
President and Chief Executive Officer, all management
committee members, the Chief Accounting Officer, all
operational and functional department managers, local office
directors and, on a regular basis, guests invited to present
specific projects and events. Whether in plenary session,
in steering committee format or operations management
board committee format, its purpose is to coordinate
initiatives, make decisions and discuss current issues.
The members of the executive committee are introduced
individually on pages 6 and 7.
Consultative committee members:
ADEME | ANAH | ANR | CGI | MINISTRY FOR SOCIAL AFFAIRS
AND HEALTH AND WOMEN'S RIGHTS | MINISTRY FOR
ECOLOGY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY |
MINISTRY FOR HOUSING, REGIONAL EQUALITY AND
RURAL AFFAIRS | MINISTRY FOR HIGHER EDUCATION AND
RESEARCH | BRGM | CEA | CEREMA | ENPC | ENSMP MINES
PARISTECH | IFSTTAR | IGN | INERIS | INSTITUT TELECOM |
IRSTEA | MÉTÉO FRANCE | COMUE PARIS-EST | ADVANCITY |
AETIC | AIMCC | ASTEE | CAPEB | CERIB | CETIAT |
CICF CONSTRUCTION | CINOV | CTICM | EFFINERGIE | EGIS |
FCBA | FFB | FRANCE NATURE ENVIRONNEMENT | SYNDICAT
DES ÉNERGIES RENOUVELABLES | SYNTEC INGÉNIERIE |
5
Left to right:
DOMINIQUE NAERT | CHARLES BALOCHE | CAROLE LE GALL |
CHRISTIAN COCHET | ALBERT REIS | CHRISTOPHE MOREL
THE EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE
Left to right:
JEAN-CHRISTOPHE VISIER | MICHEL COSSAVELLA | MAXIME ROGER
BRUNO MESUREUR | PHILIPPE PIED | VÉRONIQUE PAPON
6
Left to right:
ÉTIENNE CRÉPON | HERVÉ CHARRUE |
BÉATRICE CROMIÈRES | JEAN-MICHEL AXÈS | ANNE VOELTZEL
Left to right:
PATRICK NOSSENT | PATRICK MORAND | JACQUES MARTIN | EMMANUEL GIRARD
YANN MONTRELAY | ROBERT BAROUX | FLORENCE FERRY
7
THE MARSEILLE
VELODROME STADIUM
Architect: SCAU
Innovation
Tensioned PTFE membrane/
metal roof and wall structure,
TAIYO EUROPE GmbH,
ATEx 1936 and 1937
CSTB input
Wind loading and comfort
study, with wind tunnel
testing
Guiding
stakeholders
through
the innovation
process
Page 10
RESEARCH-DRIVEN PARTNERSHIP WITH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR STAKEHOLDERS
Page 12
GUIDING STAKEHOLDERS THROUGH TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT
Page 14
CERTIFICATION FOR PRODUCT AND BUILDING QUALITY
Page 15
FACILITATING THE DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE TO STAKEHOLDERS
88
From individual buildings to urban development, the construction industry is central to the issues surrounding
sustainable development and social challenges. The diversity of scales and disciplines, together with the
number of stakeholders involved, make it an impressive resource for innovation. However, the sheer complexity
of technical, social and financial interactions demands input of precisely the right scientific and technical
expertise. Throughout the innovation process, the CSTB assists every type of stakeholder – VSEs, SMEs and
major contractors – informing and assisting each of them from concept to market to improve the wider
performance of buildings within the urban environment.
STRUCTURING THE INNOVATION
PATHWAY
A member of the Carnot Institutes network since 2006, the
CSTB is also involved in the transfer and promotion of research
to business, from corporates to mid-size companies, SMEs and
VSEs. In 2014, the CSTB reaffirmed and extended its supporting
role for innovation by assisting and guiding companies engaged
in research and by restructuring its own research services to
deliver an improved response to the expectations of stakeholders
in all the following markets: Energy & Environment, Health &
Comfort, Digital Technology, Urban Development, Major
Structures, and Transportation.
The CSTB expanded its range of support services in 2014 to
facilitate the development of innovation initiatives by
stakeholders, regardless of their profile and at the earliest-possible
opportunity. The CSTB now offers its Ariane local advisory and
support service, which has been designed with VSEs, SMEs and
startups specifically in mind. Although it has provided information
and guidance for technical assessment applicants since 2013, its
missions have now been expanded to include expertise and
research support for innovators. Depending on the degree of
innovation maturity, the aim is to begin with a reformulation of
needs to identify the pathway along which the idea will be
progressed to market, and to facilitate relationships with research
and/or technical assessment experts.
SUPPORTING INNOVATION
THROUGH TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT
The number of technical assessment applications continued to rise
in 2014, reflecting the dynamic commitment to innovation shared
by many companies. The number of requests received by the CSTB
advisory and support service also doubled between 2013 and 2014.
As part of supporting the vitality of innovation, the CSTB continues
to deliver its mission of working as closely as possible with applicants
to provide assistance with technical assessments. Together with its
regional partners, it has introduced a national support network. This
new service is designed to focus particularly on providing VSEs, SMEs
and startups with high-quality information at local level to facilitate
the successful market launch of their innovations. The measures
proposed as part of modernizing the Technical Approval were
implemented between 2012 and 2014 as a response to the needs of
companies to become more efficient by cutting costs and procedural
lead times. The first results of these changes are now coming through.
SUPPORTING INNOVATION
THROUGH RESEARCH
The CSTB focuses its Research & Development activities on
supporting public policy, with particular emphasis on energy
and digital transitions. Energy, Environment, Health and Digital
issues as they apply to the building and city scales were the
flagship areas of focus for 2014. Working alongside its public
and private sector partners, the CSTB was particularly closely
involved in the creation of the Efficacity institute dedicated to
urban energy efficiency, and in France’s Digital Transition Plan
for Buildings.
T H E
IDEA
APPLIED
RESEARCH
I N N O V A T I O N
DESIGN
RESEARCH
& EXPERTISE
FOR INNOVATION
ADVICE
P R O C E S S
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
EVALUATION
CERTIFICATION
OF INNOVATION
INTEGRATION POTENTIAL
OF INNOVATION
PERFORMANCE
9
MARKET LAUNCH
INDUSTRY-WIDE
DISSEMINATION
OF KNOWLEDGE
RESEARCH-DRIVEN PARTNERSHIP
WITH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR
STAKEHOLDERS
THE NETWORKED CSTB,
SUPPORTING PUBLIC POLICY
The CSTB supports the digital transition for buildings
The digital model is a major construction industry innovation, and
one that is already driving far-reaching change across all construction
processes. The BIM (Building Information Model) is fast becoming
the essential working method around which all stakeholders
collaborate. The experience gained to date points to the use of this
new resource delivering valuable gains in terms of productivity and
quality. As part of supporting its development and dissemination,
the CSTB has contributed to the recommendations of the report
prepared by Bertrand Delcambre, who was appointed as Digital
Ambassador in June 2014 by Sylvia Pinel, the Minister for Housing,
Regional Equality and Rural Affairs. Submitted on December 2, these
recommendations form the basis for the 'digital transition for
buildings' initiative that gets off the ground in 2015 with government
funding of €20 million. The CSTB has been appointed as technical
operator of this program.
The Efficacity launch will facilitate
the urban energy transition
“Now home to more than 80% of the total population, cities are the
main focus for the energy transition,” explains Hervé Charrue, Deputy
Chief Executive Officer and Research & Development Director at
the CSTB. “The challenge is to provide communities with a living
environment that addresses the imperatives of climate change and
is pleasant to live in. So as part of the French government's
Investissements d’Avenir (Investing in the Future) program, the CSTB
made a major contribution to the June 2014 emergence of the
Institute for Urban Energy Transition: Efficacity. With €15 million
of public money and total public and private funding of around
€50 million over 10 years, its members include 28 public- and privatesector partners working alongside the CSTB. All share the same
recognition of the need to develop a systemic approach to cities.”
Health-related Research & Development
The work done by the CSTB is closely linked to the various National
Environmental Health Plans, in which asbestos is one of the
fundamental issues addressed. Managing the risk posed by its
presence in existing buildings is a major concern, and its removal is
a source of additional cost for building maintenance and renovation
projects. It is for this reason that a new Research & Development
program was set up by central government on December 10, 2014
with funding of €20 million. Given its expertise and track record of
working in this area, the CSTB is expected to be appointed as the
technical operator of this program. Its aim is to find out more about
the presence of asbestos in the existing stock of buildings and the
cost of dealing with it by developing technologies and reliable
detection, measurement and treatment methods that optimize lead
times and cost.
The real strength of Efficacity lies in its combination of disciplines
and research resources. The goal for all the institute's partners is to
introduce innovative, technical and organizational solutions to the
market that complement the products and services offered by
companies. These solutions will inform the decision-making of project
owners committed to high-performance projects from design through
to assessment. All the work done by the institute revolves around
three research topics: optimizing the key components of the open
system, improving the urban energy system, and measuring solution
impacts and financial models.
On October 6, the Head of the National Urban Renewal Agency
(ANRU) was officially appointed by Prime Minister Manuel Valls to
prepare the way for a new Sustainable City Institute (IVD). The
mission of this new institute will be to provide a forum for sustainable
city resource synergies. The CSTB is working alongside the ANRU
on defining the strategy for the IVD.
Synergies with regional academic institutions
The CSTB has a policy of working alongside Communities of Universities and Institutions (ComUE)
in the regions where it is based (Marne-la-Vallée, Nantes, Grenoble and Sophia-Antipolis). In this way,
it makes a particularly strong contribution to scientific strategy into areas of research identified by
the ComUE Université Paris-Créteil: The City and its Engineering, and Health and Society. The CSTB
is a long-time collaborator with regional academic laboratories. In 2014, it continued its work on fire
hazards in conjunction with LEMTA (University of Lorraine1). The aim of this project is to evaluate
evacuation conditions in buildings fitted with automatic sprinkler and water mist extinguishing
systems. Another example from 2014 is a CSTB-led project that won the call for research projects
issued by ADEME (the French Environment and Energy Management Agency) for the integrated
management of polluted soil (APR GEPISOL). This project opens the way for new collaborations
with LASIE (University of La Rochelle) 2 on methods for characterizing the impact of polluted soil.
1. LEMTA: The Theoretical and Applied Energy and Mechanical Engineering Laboratory at the University of Lorraine
2. LASIE: The Environmental Engineering Sciences Laboratory at the University of La Rochelle
10
The University of La Rochelle
THE BOSPHORUS BRIDGE, Turkey
CSTB input
Characterizing the effects of wind on the site, examining
the stability of the bridge deck and pylons, and stability
testing of the bridge during the construction phase
“
T INGÉNIERIE CHOOSES THE CSTB
FOR ITS EXPERTISE IN AERODYNAMICS
+
E
OR
FIN
Symbolizing the meeting of two continents – Europe
and Asia – the three-year project to build the third
bridge across the Bosphorus runs from 2013 to 2015.
Its design required a series of advanced research
studies, with particular focus on characterizing the
effects of wind on the site, examining the stability
of the bridge deck and pylons, and stability testing
of a complete model of the bridge during the
construction phase. All of these tasks were undertaken
by the CSTB Carnot Institute in association with the
Politecnico di Milano. “All the studies and tests for
this project were guided and managed by the CSTB,
whose expertise in aero-dynamics and high-quality
study methodologies is widely recognized,” explains
Jean-François Klein, CEO and Engineering Partner at
T Ingénierie, the Geneva-based consulting civil
engineers. Its large-scale wind tunnels and the
complementary nature of its expertise – digital
technologies, experimental facilities and on-site
experience – confirmed our decision to work with the
CSTB. The tests were conducted in parallel with work
on site, and the results bore out the assumptions made
during inspections of the structure. They helped us
confirm, predict and refine this project.”
UT
DO M
THE CSTB CARNOT INSTITUTE
AND ITS LINKS WITH SOCIOECONOMIC
STAKEHOLDERS
“A member of the Carnot Institutes network since 2006 and re-accredited in 2011, the
CSTB also promotes and transfers research outcomes to construction industry, urban
planning and mobility stakeholders,” explains CSTB Research & Development Deputy
Director Robert Baroux. “The CSTB Carnot Institute supports and works alongside socioeconomic stakeholders to improve building quality and safety, and develop sustainable
land development. In this context, it offered its skills in six specialist areas during 2014:
Energy & Environment, Health & Comfort, Digital Technology, Urban Development,
Major Structures and Transportation. Company collaborations are structured with
contracts in research and expertise, technology transfer (licensed concessions and patent
assignments), and software development.”
ENERGY
& ENVIRONMENT
HEALTH
& COMFORT
DIGITAL
TECHNOLOGY
URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
MAJOR
STRUCTURES
TRANSPORTATION
Also in 2014, the CSTB Carnot Institute improved its advisory and orientation services
for companies involved in research. The Ariane service is designed to facilitate contact
between companies and experts. “Even though an innovation may be still be at the idea
stage, it's important to work alongside companies, and especially VSEs, SMEs and
startups,” explains Lionel Bertrand, one of the experts in the CSTB Ariane service. “So
we are there to analyze their needs. We want to be creative in order to identify the right
directions for research. But we are flexible too, because we understand the need to
make progress together and adapt as we do so. Lastly, it's essential to provide practical
responses that help convert ideas into projects, which involves asking for the right
scientific and technical support at the right moment, taking full account of the lead
time and cost constraints of companies.”
“
ACTILITY: CLOSE COLLABORATION WITH THE CSTB
of close collaboration with the CSTB Carnot Institute, which helped us establish
its credibility with the industry and validate our technical models. We also
received support from the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées graduate
engineering school, Bpifrance and Research Tax Credit that allowed us to fund
part of the R&D investment. Together, these different levels of support have
helped us transform an ambitious project into an operational solution available
to industry stakeholders to achieve thermal insulation renovation targets.”
“Understanding how to measure the actual energy performance of buildings
is essential, especially after major renovation work,” explains Nicolas Jordan,
Marketing Director at Actility, a VSE specializing in services for the Internet
of Things. “The ThingparkWireless system offers accurate quantified
measurement of the impact of completed works. It's currently being used by
the rented social housing provider Habitat Toulouse to monitor its energy
performance upgrading program. The ThingparkWireless system is the outcome
11
GUIDING STAKEHOLDERS
THROUGH TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT
LE NUAGE, Montpellier
Architect: Philippe Starck
Innovation
Lightweight ETFE facade,
ASO France, ATEx 2060
In 2014, the majority of innovative processes and products
concerned building envelope; not only in terms of facades and
roofing, but also coatings. These innovations go hand-in-hand
with architectural developments, and contribute to improving
building energy and environmental performance. They also
contribute to facilitating on-site implementation of products and
processes; an aspect appreciated by company senior executives
in this sector.
MODERNIZATION
OF THE TECHNICAL APPROVAL
“The 14 measures introduced in 2012 to modernize the Technical
Approval procedure had all been implemented by June 2014,”
says Charles Baloche, CSTB Deputy Chief Executive Officer and
Technical Director. “Given the continual growth in applications
and their increasing diversity, this system facilitates the process
of technical assessment for innovators, at the same time as
making the procedure more transparent and effective. It will be
continued in 2015, as a result of new measures that have
just been adopted by the Technical Approval Development
Committee (CCFAT).”
The first results of the changes were clear to see in 2014:
the average lead time for Technical Approvals was reduced
to 9 months, which is the same as the UK, and less than half
as long as Germany. VSEs and SMEs also benefited from the
new measures introduced. Companies falling into these
categories receive a 30% discount on their first Technical
Approval request.
Lastly, the modernization plan was supported by a series of 'trade
tools' rolled out for companies via a dedicated website:
www.evaluation.cstb.fr. This website provides easy access to
procedures, the assessment results for innovative products and
processes, as well as information about the assessment process
and its challenges. From the practical point of view, it explains
the stages involved and the documents required. The website
also publishes feedback from companies describing their
experience of the innovation pathway with the CSTB and the
importance of the assessment for their own technical and
commercial development.
DYNAMIC GROWTH IN ASSESSMENT
From around 600 Technical Approvals (ATec) per year ten years
ago, some 800 are now issued every year, and approximately
30% of those are to foreign companies. The structural works
sector in particular is benefiting from this extremely
comprehensive procedure, which delivers a full response to its
inherent safety challenges. Other assessment procedures
complement the ATec and are more suited to those businesses
wishing to take their first steps in innovation. The Technical
Experimentation Assessment (ATEx) is one of them. The number
of ATEx assessments has grown by 500% since 2011, with 100
being granted in 2014, the majority to regional VSEs and SMEs.
This spectacular growth reflects the vitality of companies and
the success of the advisory and support services introduced by
the CSTB in conjunction with its partners.
12
STRENGTHENING THE SUPPORT STRUCTURE
“
SIT-AB: A NEW LANGUAGE TO LEARN
SIT-AB is an Alsace-based SME that specializes in
metal fabrication, and has developed a unique fixing
system that combines mechanical strength with
thermal performance. This solution is now benefiting
from a Type A Technical Experimentation Assessment
(ATEx). SIT-AB CEO Alain Bougard recalls his
experience of the assessment process, which was
completed with the assistance of CSTB national
support network members. “The support we received
from the Pôle Fibres-Énergivie center for energy
positive buildings (formerly the Pôle Alsace
Énergivie) was extremely valuable. As manufacturers,
we needed to learn a new language and come to terms
with a world of standards very different from those
of our own – metals – industry. For example, issues
like fire resistance, seismic resistance and durability
are not approached in the same way. In industry, no
one designs machines to last 50 years, or if they do,
then they take account of follow-up maintenance.
In construction, it's the opposite, because the longterm maintenance-free durability of structures and
their components is essential.”
“In parallel with improvements to procedures, the CSTB is also unwavering in its
commitment to supporting companies through the technical assessment process, especially
VSEs, SMEs and startups,” explains Christophe Morel, Deputy Director of Technical
Partnerships at the CSTB. “The fact is that some companies have very little experience
of assessment. The multiplicity of technical and regulatory requirements, the technicality
of innovative processes and the specific nature of assessment procedures all contribute
to creating a language that innovators don't always understand. They need to be assisted
with their strategy to develop the idea to the point where it can be marketed. The CSTB
is developing a national support network for precisely that purpose; a network that covers
all of France and is based on regional partnerships. This service is able to offer highquality information at local level to facilitate the emergence and market launch of longterm innovations.
By the end of 2014, five partnerships covering more than one-third of France had already
been signed, and the CSTB intends to keep up this momentum in 2015. These partnerships
are with: the Pôle Fibres-Énergivie in Strasbourg, the Novabuild Cluster in Nantes, the
C&B (Construction & Bioressources) non-profit organization and ENSAM Cluny in Dijon,
the FCBA Institute and Nobatek Technology Resources Center in Bordeaux, and the Tipee
platform in La Rochelle. These regional partners are committed to providing companies
with effective innovation development support services, combined with technical and
financial engineering support. The CSTB then provides its support through technical
training and day-to-day tutorship.
The CSTB has also introduced an advisory and support service called Ariane, which is
designed primarily for VSEs, SMEs, startups and first-time technical assessment applicants.
“Our mission is to assess the requirements of companies,” explains Ariane expert consultant
Nadège Blanchard. “Our aim is to gain a clear understanding of the innovation, its area
of application and the associated regulations. On that basis, we can then guide the
company in preparing preliminary technical documentation and putting it in touch with
CSTB experts who can deal with their case. Some 300 companies have already benefited
from the service since it was introduced in 2013, and demand continues to grow. Around
20% of companies simply want general information. The others have technical questions
about the assessment of processes, especially in areas such as structures, external thermal
insulation and facade elements.”
“
LINEAZEN: THE IMPORTANCE OF SPECIAL SUPPORT FOR VSEs AND SMEs
Lorraine-based SME Lineazen has been developing its box-section CLT 1
technology since 2010, using beechwood and bamboo, instead of the
traditional spruce. As a result, this timber construction system delivers
greater structural, thermal and acoustic performance. It can also be used
to create 100% timber multistorey buildings. A proven technology in the
German and Swedish markets, this innovation is a more recent introduction
to the French market for timber construction. Lineazen applied for a
technical assessment that is now in progress at the CSTB. Lineazen Chairman
Olivier Kracht is keen to stress the importance of technical assessment:
“It helps innovators to structure their projects. The procedures used must
focus on providing clear information that gives companies an overview
from the very beginning; the better the rules are presented and explained,
the more effectively the processes, costs and lead times of assessment
can be optimized.”
1. CLT: Cross Laminated Timber
13
CERTIFICATION FOR PRODUCT
AND BUILDING QUALITY
When a technology has reached the stage of maturity, the certification mark is a factor for
differentiation in the market and persuasive badge of quality. The certification process also
encourages industry professionals to continually improve the quality of their products, projects
and skills to anticipate their expectations of consumers and regulatory changes. As a certification
organization, the CSTB leads the French market for building products certification.
Together with its partners and subsidiaries, the CSTB is also a major certifier of buildings and skills
in France and internationally.
A closer look at key improvements in 2014
PRODUCT
CERTIFICATION
ACERMI launches the Tremplin
benchmark for innovations
Promoting innovative products, such as
bulk bio-sourced products, vacuum and
aerogel insulation products, insulated
formwork blocks and insulated
composite panels, that's the aim of the
new Tremplin benchmark developed
by ACERMI (Association pour la
CERtification des Matériaux Isolants),
founded jointly by the CSTB and LNE,
the National Metrology and Test
Laboratory. Products not previously
covered by certification can now have
their thermal properties certified
by ACERMI.
Tighter NF certification
for windows
In 2014, the CSTB developed the NF
certification process for windows to
improve recognition for the trade
(window manufacturers, joiners and
window fitters). The changes made are
designed to promote the quality of
certified products and their visibility in
the market. In practical terms, the
update to NF 220 makes certification
available to more varied configurations
of windows (in terms of profiles,
assembly, etc.). And from January 1,
2015 onwards, manufacturers must
ensure that 90% of their products
(rather than the previous 50%) comply
with the certification requirements in
order to carry the NF Fenêtres mark.
Certification for flexible roof
underlayments
The purpose of flexible roof
underlayments is to limit the wind life
experienced by small roofing
components and prevent the ingress
of dust, sound, pollen, snow, etc.
These products are now eligible for
CERTIFIÉ CSTB CERTIFIED EP 14
certification, rather than the previous
approvals system. This new certification
mark makes it easier for roofers,
distributors and homeowners to identify
effective products.
NF certified drainage systems
deliver guaranteed product
performance
Sixty-six certificates have been awarded
by the CSTB in the French market since
NF 442 certification was introduced on
February 18, 2011. This figure represents
strong growth in just four years. NF 442
certification for thermoplastic pipes
provides a guarantee of high-quality
drainage systems. Given that prime
contractors demand durability of at least
50 years, this is a key requirement.
NF 442 certification also makes it
possible to identify high-quality products
from amongst the plethora of drainage
systems marketed worldwide.
BUILDING
CERTIFICATION
The 2014 Performance Survey
for buildings certified under
the NF HQETM Bâtiments
tertiaires scheme
On November 14, CSTB Group subsidiary
Certivéa presented the results of its first
annual survey. It reported 1,348 certified
projects in France. Energy is the main
focus for improvement, followed by
environmental issues, comfort and
health. Privately owned buildings and
14
new/refurbished office buildings –
especially those in the Paris Region –
performed best.
Cerway continues its international
expansion
At the end of 2014, Cerway – which is
jointly owned by Certivéa and Cerqual –
had an operating presence in 13 countries.
It launched HQETM certification in its
leading market of Brazil on March 18,
2014. Developed in partnership with the
Fundaçao Carlos Alberto Vanzolini
(FCAV), the HQE/AQUA benchmark
gives Brazilian clients the benefit of a
global building sustainability scheme.
Céquami certifies France's
first positive energy home
Jointly owned by the CSTB group and
the Qualitel Association, Céquami has
granted NF HQE certification and
awarded the BEPOS Effinergie label to
France's first energy positive home.
Constructed by Maisons Hanau and
officially opened on April 11, 2014 in
Alsace, the building is the result of a
high-performance home concept. In more
general terms, Céquami certified around
10,000 newly-built houses and home
renovations in 2014.
SKILLS CERTIFICATION
By the end of 2014, Certivéa
had awarded certification to more
than 400 construction experts
CSTB Skills certification is awarded
by Certivéa in recognition of the
knowledge, professional skills and
abilities of construction experts.
It provides individuals with additional
credibility in the eyes of anyone
needing to inspect building defects.
FACILITATING
THE DISSEMINATION OF
KNOWLEDGE TO STAKEHOLDERS
Against the current background of fast-moving change, the structuring
and dissemination of knowledge is an important factor underpinning
the development of professional practice. CSTB Publications and
Training ensure that construction industry technical, regulatory and
operational knowledge is shared with the widest-possible audience.
In 2014, the CSTB also continued to develop its partnerships to further
facilitate access to this information.
+
FIN
UT
DO M
bodies UNTEC and UNSFA, and with trade federations CINOV
and Syntec 1. It also continued its long-standing cooperation
with CAPEB and the FFB. In training, the CSTB is developing its
partnerships to ensure more effective implementation of its
training opportunities at regional level and adapt them to specific
trades. In 2014, it signed an agreement with ASTUS Construction
in the Rhône-Alpes region and IMBE 2 in Languedoc-Roussillon.
The CSTB also works with AFPOLS to train social housing
providers, with UNTEC for construction economists and with
GEPA for architects.
E
OR
PUBLICATIONS: STAKEHOLDERS
BENEFIT FROM THE WIDESPREAD
USE OF DIGITAL MEDIA
Launch of the BATIPÉDIA web portal
On December 9, 2014, the Minister for Housing, Regional Equality
and Rural Affairs announced the launch by the CSTB of
BATIPÉDIA, a new web portal providing access to technical and
regulatory services, and all the latest construction industry news.
Wide-ranging changes to regulations and the increasing pace of
working lives and mobility are behind the CSTB decision to offer
construction professionals access to continually updated online
information. Via a single portal, it offers users all the resources
and services essential for effective project management: Reef,
Documents Techniques Unifiés, software, calculators and more.
SUPPORTING THE UPSKILLING
OF INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS
Training the network of international HQE advisers
In 2014, the CSTB trained around 40 professionals in preparation
for the HQE Certification Referent exam. The training program is
designed to give trainees a thorough understanding of the
certification process, environmental management and building
environmental performance assessment as the basis for assisting
clients engaged in HQE operations certified by Cerway in
international markets.
Publication of a new book: BIM & maquette numérique
Published jointly by Eyrolles and the CSTB, BIM & maquette
numérique pour l’architecture, le bâtiment et la construction (BIM
& digital modeling for architecture, building and construction)
is the combination of work by 140 contributors and joint editors
Éric Lebègue and Olivier Celnik. The book examines the challenges
and technical aspects of the BIM, which, twenty years after the
drawing board was replaced by CAD systems, is set to become
the preferred method for collaborative design and implementation
for the world of building. This ‘sum of current knowledge’ is
indicative of the CSTB commitment to publishing reference works
on key industry challenges.
Developing basic construction industry training
On September 24, 2014, the École nationale des ponts et chaussées
(ENPC) and the École spéciale des travaux publics (ESTP) launched
the new BIM option Masters degree in conjunction with the CSTB.
This course is dedicated to the use of digital modeling in the design
and management of buildings and infrastructures.
STRENGTHENING PARTNERSHIPS
TO EXPAND THE DISSEMINATION
OF KNOWLEDGE
The first eleven students also began their studies on the Sustainable
Building Site Management university degree course. Nine of them
who passed the exam are continuing their higher education studies
or have found a job. Created in conjunction with Marne-la-Vallée
Institute of Technology, this degree focuses on sustainable
construction and energy renovation, as applied to on-site trades.
With Reconnu Garant de l’Environnement (RGE) status, it is open
to students already qualified to baccalauréat level or holding a
vocational diploma in a construction-related specialty.
In 2014, the CSTB strengthened its policy of strategic and
operational partnerships reaffirmed to extend its range of
publications and training opportunities to match the
expectations of professionals. These partnerships also help
expand the dissemination of knowledge. In publications, the
CSTB has signed new collaborative agreements with the trade
1. UNTEC: Union nationale des économistes de la construction (national union of construction economists). UNSFA: Union nationale des syndicats français d’architectes (national union of French architects).
Fédération CINOV: Fédération des syndicats des métiers de la prestation intellectuelle du conseil, de l’ingénierie et du numérique (federation of trade unions representing the consultancy, engineering and
digital intellectual services). The Syntec federation unites companies specializing in engineering, digital technologies, design and consultancy, professional training and events.
2. IMBE: Institut méditerranéen du bâtiment et de l’environnement (Mediterranean building and environment Institute). AFPOLS: Association pour la formation professionnelle des organismes du logement
social (the professional training association for social housing providers). GEPA provides in-service training for architects and their associates.
15
Scientific
and technical
excellence
LES HALLES CANOPY ROOF,
Paris
Architects: Patrick Berger
and Jacques Anziutti
Innovation
Glazed canopy and outer roof,
VIRY, ATEx 1963,
SEELE, ATEx 2041
Piazza glazing, LAUBEUF,
ATEx 2047
CSTB input
Wind loading studies:
louver flap loading
and stability, and user
comfort for patio and gardens
Fire safety: smoke extraction
and infrastructure stability
Page 18
AT MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS LEVEL
Page 26
AT BUILDING LEVEL
• For existing buildings
• For new buildings
Page 38
AT NEIGHBORHOOD AND CITY LEVEL
+
FIN
E
OR
UT
DO M
1166
If they are to meet the energy transition targets for green growth, projects need to accelerate to a faster pace.
More than ever before, construction and development projects must embrace energy and environmental
efficiency, at the same time as controlling costs and uses to deliver long-term improvements in the living
environment for city dwellers. The CSTB teams have all the scientific and technical expertise required to deliver
this challenge successfully: Energy & Environment, Economics & Usage, Health & Comfort, Risk Mitigation and
Digital Technology. The complementary interaction of these specialties is made available to public and private
stakeholders to support and drive innovation at building and city level. Together with its partners, the CSTB
also encourages the pooling of expertise and the new level of optimized project management made possible
by the development of digital modeling. As a collaborative working tool, digital models will play an increasingly
important role in inclusive project design and management.
FROM INNOVATIVE COMPONENT
TO HIGH-PERFORMANCE BUILDING
and support these transitions and think ahead of the city of
tomorrow, the CSTB and its partners adopt an approach that is
simultaneously systemic (buildings, transportation, utilities, etc.)
and multidisciplinary (energy, water, air, environment, health,
comfort, economy, usage, etc.). For example, in 2014, the CSTB
developed an assessment method for eco-neighborhoods, the
lever of the sustainable city. At a more general level, it has also
developed recommendations and solutions designed to optimize
the use of resources on a citywide scale. These involve both
infrastructure development and usage controls. Also in 2014, the
CSTB worked on improving air and water quality in buildings, the
acoustic environment and lighting for living spaces. Lastly, in this
era of climate change, further progress was made during the year
on the ongoing process of improving risk mitigation methods
(building wind resistance, fire safety, etc.) to contribute to longterm improvements in the urban living environment.
In today's challenging economic environment, stakeholders are
actively developing innovative processes and products for
buildings that are more energy-efficient and safer. The year 2014
saw the emergence of many such innovations designed to boost
structural integrity and envelope performance. Innovation brings
with it the need to facilitate its own implementation. The CSTB
supports change in the art of building by evaluating the options
for integrating innovative processes and products into buildings.
Succeeding in this challenge is essential for achieving long-term
improvements in overall building quality.
The energy transition also requires more resources to be allocated
to project scheduling, especially where existing buildings are
concerned. In this context, the CSTB is currently involved in
identifying the knowledge required to guarantee energy
performance. It provides industry stakeholders with results-focused
support to stimulate large-scale renovations. Preparing work
scenarios appropriate to different types of building and the
specific requirements of project owners within a framework of
tight cost control. Formulating recommendations for project
organization, with the introduction in 2014 of the good practices
assessment in conjunction with the Energy Performance Contract.
Evaluating the actual energy performance of buildings, with the
development of new measurement methods. From strategy to
feedback, the CSTB provides industry stakeholders with support
at every stage.
LEVERAGING INNOVATION
WITH THE DIGITAL MODEL
Scientific and technical progress towards the energy transition
is now being facilitated by the development of the Building
Information Model; a trend that will intensify going forward.
As a genuine cultural revolution in the way projects are designed
and managed, it opens the door to significant productivity
gains – in terms of shorter lead times and lower costs – alongside
improved project quality. In France, the BIM is already being
applied to live projects, such as the construction of the new
hospital in Ajaccio. The CSTB is a stakeholder in this project,
which uses the BIM from the design stage right through to
operation. It is also contributing to its ongoing development
through partnership research work in conjunction with the
Domolandes technology cluster and the National Institute for
Geographic and Forestry Information (IGN) for example. The
CSTB is a fully committed contributor to delivering the digital
transition in the construction industry.
A GLOBAL APPROACH
FROM BUILDING TO CITY
As lifestyles and mobility evolve, the home is often exported to
public spaces and public transportation: comfortable at home,
comfortable on the move. So the city – which is where 80% of us
live – is therefore the crucible of today's social changes. To guide
17
AT MATERIALS
AND COMPONENTS LEVEL
From photovoltaic canopy glazing to membrane facades, the boundaries between roof and
wall are becoming increasingly indistinct as they become replaced by the building envelope
concept that enables the creation of complex architectural forms.This innovation trend
is being driven by a raft of VSEs and SMEs, as well as global construction operators, and the
majority of these innovators use the Technical Experimentation Assessment as their preferred
method of evaluating their new processes. The year 2014 also saw many new solutions
emerge for insulation, weatherproofing and structures. They also contribute to facilitating
process implementation, as well as adding structural strength to buildings and improving
the energy performance. The environmental and health requirements placed on products and
building facilities are also the subject of increasing concern. The CSTB is responding to these
additional challenges with dedicated assessments and research projects.
18
+
UT
DO M
E
OR
Innovation
Photovoltaic canopy glazing,
LOISON, ATEx 1909
FIN
CARREAU DU TEMPLE, Paris
Architect: Studio Milou
> BUILDING ENVELOPE
THE CARREAU DU TEMPLE GAINS
A PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOF CANOPY
A NEW TEXTILE MEMBRANE FACADE
FOR SPORTS FACILITIES
In March 2014, the Carreau du Temple gained a completely
new type of glass roof canopy to light the interior of the former
market hall. On one pitch, the glazing incorporates photovoltaic
cells arranged in a pixel-like design that also acts as a sunscreen.
The process of creating this innovative roof was the subject
of a Type B Technical Experimentation Assessment (ATEx)
conducted by the SME Loison in conjunction with CSTB teams.
SMC2 used a Technical Experimentation Assessment (ATEx)
to evaluate the new textile membrane facade that offers both
substantial savings as a result of its low density, and ecofriendly credentials through its use of natural light. The CSTB
supported the company through the process.
SMC2 is an SME based in Morant in the Rhône region of France
which requested CSTB’s support through the process of gaining
a Type A ATEx. The aim was to evaluate tensioned textile
membranes for use as facades in timber framed industrial
buildings and sports facilities.
A Paris landmark dating from the end of the 19th century, the
former Carreau du Temple market has been the subject of total
renovation to create a 6,500 m² space for sports and arts
facilities. A major part of the project focused on the doublepitched glass canopies that top the roof structures. One pitch is
fitted with insulated photovoltaic glazing units, and the other
with screen-printed insulated glazing units.
This was one of the first assessments carried out on this type of
facade. Although professional recommendations for double
inverse curve membrane roofs already existed, there was no
reference point for flat membrane coverings. However, flat panels
of this kind are subject to wind loading and repetitive stresses.
So the CSTB had to design new aging test methods for these
fabrics, which were then subject over the space of one week to
50,000 pressurization and depressurization cycles to simulate
the effect of wind and the resulting fatigue. Samples of aged
and new fabric were then subject to more traditional traction
testing to check for any loss of strength.
The contract required the granting of a Technical Experimentation
Assessment before the photovoltaic glazing system could be
fitted. The aim of the assessment was to verify the process of
incorporating photovoltaic cells into the glazing unit profiles,
since these profiles were not originally designed for this purpose.
Loison, a metal manufacturer based in Armentières in Northern
France, asked the CSTB to support its ATEx application.
The subsequent collaboration made it possible to provide the
necessary evidence of durability and process safety. The ATEx
was finally granted in April 2011 for the installation of 575 m²
of photovoltaic canopy glazing.
The award of a Type A ATEx to SMC2 in 2014 has since enabled
the construction of tennis courts in Poitiers, La-Vallette-du-Var
and Toulon, as well as a gym at Coignières in Les Yvelines, near
Paris. Having cleared this first hurdle, the company now wants
to continue conducting its technical assessments in conjunction
with the CSTB, and has applied for a Technical Approval (ATec).
19
AT MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS LEVEL
+
UT
DO M
E
OR
Innovation
Double-curved convex glazing units,
FRENER & REIFER, ATEx 1898
FIN
FONDATION JÉRÔME SEYDOUX-PATHÉ, Paris
Architect: Renzo Piano
FONDATION JÉRÔME SEYDOUX-PATHÉ:
DOUBLE-CURVED INSULATED GLAZING
The complex geometry of the structure demanded great precision
in the manufacture of the rounded and curved glass elements to
meet tight tolerances and ensure that the glazing remains
weatherproof. The shape of the glazing units adds some very specific
constraints, especially in terms of sealing at the joints. The company
also commissioned the CSTB to conduct a thermal installation study
and provide data for sizing the seals to demonstrate the durability
of the insulated glazing units and their ability to prevent internal
condensation. Impact and weatherproofing tests were also conducted.
With CSTB assistance, the ATEx documentation was prepared within
ten months, accurately justifying the installation tolerances for the
construction process, and validating the system developed by Frener
& Reifer. The Type B ATEx was granted in June 2012.
The spectacular glass roof of the Fondation Jérôme SeydouxPathé (Paris 13 th district) has been on public view since
September 2014. The family firm of Frener & Reifer made a
Type B ATEx application for the roof of the new structure, and
more precisely for its glazing. It was assisted by the CSTB
throughout the assessment process.
The Type B ATEx requested by the family firm of Frener & Reifer
in the Italian South Tyrol was for the installation of double-curved
convex glazing units and their fixings to create a glass roof canopy.
Together, they were used to create the spectacular glass roof of
the Fondation Jérôme Seydoux-Pathé, whose 310 m² footprint is
ingeniously integrated into a narrow urban space.
20
A RANGE OF SPACERS FOR INSULATED GLAZING UNITS
Edgetech develops and manufactures Warm Edge spacers boosting the energy
performance and quality of insulated glazing units. In 2014, it continued with its
commitment to assessment in order to facilitate development of its range in the
French market.
Edgetech belongs to the North American company Quanex, and has been operational
in France since 2004. It first approached the CSTB to evaluate the Technical Approval
and Technical Application Documents submissions for its first spacer, which was then
followed by other products from its range. Although initially the work involved defining
the experimental inspection methods, product developments are now the focus for
additional testing for sustained long-term performance.
Chamber used to artificially age
the glass by UV degradation
The Super Spacer Premium is a good example, because this Application Document for
this perimeter edge spacer was revised in 2014. Prefabricated by Edgetech in its own
facilities, it is used by insulated glazing manufacturers by being installed around the
edge of the glazing to create double- or triple-glazed units. Three months of testing and
accelerated in-situ aging trials conducted by the CSTB were able to demonstrate its
resistance to water vapor penetration, its long-term ability to maintain the argon gas
concentration, and its ability to resist distortion.
Looking to the future, new research projects are underway at Quanex with the same
commitment to support their development and market launch through assessment.
Innovation
Installation of expanded
polystyrene beads,
Inject Styrène Diffusion,
Technical Approval
(GS20, December 2014)
AN INSULATION PRODUCT
FOR ON-SITE INSTALLATION
The insulation solution developed by the SME Inject Styrène
Diffusion is installed on-site by injecting expanded polystyrene
beads. With support from the CSTB, the company applied for a
Technical Approval of its process.
The insulation solution developed by the SME Inject Styrène
Diffusion is installed on-site by injecting expanded polystyrene
beads. What makes this solution special is that it can be installed
on site, without destroying the existing structure, to deliver thermal
performances equivalent to a traditional installation. It is equally
suitable for use with existing partition walls in renovation projects,
and with new-build projects.
A NEW WATERPROOFING SYSTEM
FOR THE FRENCH MARKET
When the VSE Inject Styrène Diffusion made the decision to enter
the French market, it applied for a Technical Approval to cover
the use of its insulation solution for internal walls. The CSTB
assisted the company throughout the process, with precise
instructions regarding the tests required. The aim was to confirm
the feasibility of the injection method, observe the distribution
of beads inside partition walls, and confirm that the resulting
filling was consistent throughout the wall space. Thermal tests
were also conducted on samples of previous installations. Inject
Styrène Diffusion now wants to continue the assessment process
to promote wider use of its solution in loft floor cavities and roof
pitch insulation for roof room conversions.
The Spanish SME Asfaltex has completed its first assessment
with support from the CSTB. The award of an ATEx in 2014 led
to the company improving the performance of its waterproofing
system to achieve the level demanded by the French market.
The SME Asfaltex wanted to build on its extensive experience and
leading position in the Spanish market to expand internationally.
As part of making its move into the French market, it approached
the CSTB for assistance, and its request was evaluated and tested
using a Type A ATEx procedure with the aim of demonstrating that
its process – a waterproofing system – delivered the performance
levels required in the French market.
The CSTB 'waterproofing materials' laboratory offered the company
a complete package of tests, and assisted Asfaltex in making
essential changes to the specifications of its product. Asfaltex was
granted the Type A ATEx in 2014 to cover the use of its product
for roofing. The company has already embarked on a similar
procedure for another product from its range.
21
AT MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS LEVEL
> STRUCTURES
A POLYURETHANE MASONRY JOINT
Wienerberger has developed a polyurethane precision ground
block adhesive for use in masonry. The company applied for a
Technical Approval to demonstrate the suitability for use of
this innovative process. After many discussions with the CSTB
and the completion of testing, it was awarded a Technical
Approval in 2014.
Wienerberger operates in 30 countries, and is now the world's
largest brick manufacturer and Europe's leading clay roof tile
producer. As part of its research effort, the company has developed
a precision ground block adhesive called DRYFIX®-Porotherm
over a period of several years. This was the first time that
polyurethane had replaced highly conductive cement mortar as
a masonry bonding agent. Walls constructed using this system
have greater thermal resistance.
As part of promoting the development of this innovation, the
company prepared a Technical Approval (ATec) application.
Through a series of detailed discussions, the CSTB assisted
Wienerberger with identifying the characteristics of the process
and justifying its performance. CSTB experience was also called
upon to conduct a number of tests to examine the structural
properties of the process post-installation, and its durability.
In 2014, the company was granted a Technical Approval for
the use of DRYFIX®-Porotherm in house building, and further
ATec applications are already underway to extend its use to
larger buildings.
Innovation
Installation of DRYFIX® polyurethane bonds,
WIENERBERGER POROTHERM, Technical Approval 16/13-667
NON-DESTRUCTIVE STRUCTURAL
REINFORCEMENT
Mapei is implementing a strategy for expanding its Carboplate
and Mapewrap ranges by designing new products (new
consolidation plates), expanding the applications for its products
(reinforcement of posts and prestressed concrete elements) and
marketing its products internationally. This was the background
to its request for a revision to its existing Technical Approval in
August 2013. The CSTB examined its technical documentation,
and listed the test methods, calculation methods and other
justifications required to demonstrate the suitability for use of
this process. Mapei received approval of its carbon fiber structural
reinforcement process in May 2014 for the applications covered
by the Technical Approval, which is valid for seven years.
Mapei is expanding its range of structural reinforcement products
using bonded carbon fiber. To support this development, it
requested a revision of its Technical Approval and asked the
CSTB to assist it through the process. In May 2014, it was granted
a new Technical Approval valid for seven years.
Mapei, the global leader in adhesives, sealants and chemical
products for building, has developed a reinforcement process that
increases the load-bearing capacity of concrete beams, floors and
posts. Covered by a Technical Approval since 2006, this process
consists of bonding carbon fiber fabric or plates pre-impregnated
with epoxy resin to the surface of structural elements. Nondestructive and non-corrosive, this solution adapts to the geometry
of existing structures and occupies very space.
22
JEAN-BOUIN STADIUM, Paris
Architect: Rudy Ricciotti
Structural engineering and envelope:
Lamoureux & Ricciotti Ingénierie
+
FIN
UT
DO M
E
OR
Innovation
Ultra High Performance
Concrete roof, LAMOUREUX
& RICCIOTTI INGÉNIERIE, ATEx 1658,
BONNA SABLA, ATEx 1840
> MATERIALS
OPTIMIZING THE USE OF UHPC
With high-profile uses in the pierced walls of the Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe
et de la Méditerranée in Marseille and the Fondation Louis Vuitton in Paris, Ultra High
Performance Concrete is used to create complex architectural components. In order
to optimize its use in terms of performance and cost, a working group led by the
Lafarge group in partnership with the CSTB has developed new benchmarks for
dimensioning this innovative material.
Its excellent tensile strength in traction and its ductility make Ultra High Performance
Concrete a very special and sought-after material for the architectonic components of
buildings. These special properties are made possible by incorporation of metal fibers
into the concrete. Nevertheless, the installation conditions previously applied did not
make optimum use of this specific feature of the material. In fact, the partial safety factor
used was restricted and took no account of the ductility offered by this type of material.
The result was over-dimensioning of its use.
To adjust the quantities of UHPC required to meet a specific use, the Lafarge Group and
the CSTB led a working group in 2014, containing experts from Betsinor Composites,
Eiffage and the French Concrete Industry Design and Research Center (CERIB).
This collaborative research was performance-focused and perfected a partial safety factor
specific to UHPC inserting geometric configurations. This saves on materials and
contributes to optimizing project costs, without compromising the reliability levels.
This outcome will be shared with all manufacturers to progress industry practices.
RATP BUS CENTER, Thiais
Architect: ECDM architectes
Walls finished in UHPC
23
PHÉLINE
Services and research platform
Researching the electromagnetic
properties of devices and equipment,
and how electromagnetic fields
interact with humans and their environment
> HEALTH & COMFORT
STUDYING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
VIA THE PHÉLINE PLATFORM
of research excellence known as Phéline, which provides the
facilities to conduct theoretical and experimental research in
electromagnetism to provide relevant data on personal exposure
levels as the basis for more effective control of those levels.
On October 3, 2014, the CNRS, the Université Joseph Fourier,
the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, the Université
de Savoie and the CSTB signed a partnership agreement to pool
their expertise in electromagnetism to form the Phéline platform.
As our environment is populated with more and more devices
and equipment that generate electromagnetic fields, the
challenge is to gain a better understanding of the levels to which
people are exposed in order to respond to the expectations of
government and the public.
Projects underway at Phéline include Présence-RF commissioned
by ANSES, the French agency for Food, Environmental and
Occupational Health & Safety, on which work began at the
beginning of 2015. This project aims to gain a clearer understanding
of how humans perceive electromagnetic fields. To achieve that,
the researchers at Phéline are working on the design of a mobile
laboratory capable of reproducing an electromagnetic environment
similar to that encountered indoors and outdoors in everyday life.
It will be used by researchers and physicians to test the sensitivity
of volunteers to electromagnetic fields.
Electromagnetic fields can be generated by radio transmitters,
mobile phones and microwave ovens, to take just three examples.
Unintentional electromagnetic fields are also generated by all
types of electrical and electronic device. The CSTB is working with
IMEP-LaHC1 to characterize these electromagnetic fields and study
how they interact with humans and their environment. This major
collaborative research unit involves the CNRS, the Université Joseph
Fourier, the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble and the
Université de Savoie. While the IMEP-LaHC focuses on the upstream
aspects of microelectronic devices and their field radiating systems,
the CSTB is working on electromagnetic fields in buildings and the
built environment. Together, they form the Grenoble-based platform
The Phéline team also has a mission to provide information about
the work it does. In 2014, with support from the Rhône-Alpes
regional council, it hosted a series of high-school conferences to
explain the nature of electromagnetic fields and the standards
and regulations that govern their emission. In 2015, its initiatives
will focus on teachers, providing them with a package of practical
teaching resources for addressing this issue in the classroom.
1. IMEP-LaHC: Institut de Microélectronique Électromagnétisme et Photonique et Laboratoire
d’Hyperfréquences et de Caractérisation (Institute of Microelectronic Electromagnetism
and Photonics and the Hyperfrequencies and Characterization Laboratory)
24
AT MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS LEVEL
> ENVIRONMENT
PROMOTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
OF PRODUCTS AND EQUIPMENT
To ensure that the environmental claims made regarding construction products and
equipment are clear and accurate, industry stakeholders are required to make a clear
statement of their claims before any form of communication. This information is
shared with all professionals via the French reference database known as INIES. This
database continued to grow during 2014, gaining 30% more entries. At the CSTB,
four members of staff are authorized to check and verify its content to ensure the
dependability of its data.
At the end of 2014, INIES contained 1,544 French environmental and health product
declarations (FDES); 30% more than in 2013. It will be expanded with an anticipated
1,500 additional declarations relating to building electrical, electronic and climate
control equipment as a result of merging the INIES and PEP ecopassport®1 databases
in February 2015.
Software interoperability
As a reference database, INIES offers the advantage of interfacing with many industry
simulation resources, including the Elodie package for building environmental
performance analysis, and eveBIMElodie, which connects INIES to the building digital
model. This degree of software interoperability makes the work of industry stakeholders
easier by avoiding the need for duplicated entry of building component data.
“
<
Christophe
MARTINSONS
Head of the Lighting
& Electromagnetism
Division of the CSTB
INIES data dependability
The content of every declaration must be checked by one of France’s 15 accredited
inspectors, four of whom work at the CSTB. They have specific responsibility for checking
Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) and FDES datasheets before their online
publication in INIES. Their mission will be expanded from July 1, 2017 onwards, when
EPD and FDES verification by an independent third party becomes a legal requirement.
The accredited checking staff of the CSTB will then have to conduct critical reviews of
declarations to ensure a high level of dependability for all data held in INIES.
1. PEP ecopassport®: The international reference program for environmental declarations for electrical, electronic and heating
& cooling industry products
THE IMEP-LAHC / CSTB PARTNERSHIP
“Our collaboration is primarily driven by research,
explains Christophe Martinsons. We are currently
running a project called Expo@Lyon, which started
in 2014 and will be completet in 2016. Supported
by the French agency for Food, Environmental and
Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), this project
is working on the measurement and digital
simulation of electro-magnetic fields as the basis
for identifying the exposure experienced by people
in the libraries and multimedia libraries of Lyon.
These environments have many sources of exposure,
from WiFi terminals to the RFID terminals used to
read the electronic labels in books, anti-theft
security points and mobile phones. In the context
of this project, the CSTB has specific responsibility
for modeling the broad spectrum of the electromagnetic environment in these spaces.”
PUBLICATIONS
Hygrothermal performance of exterior walls
covered with aerogel-based insulating rendering
IBRAHIM M., WURTZ E., BIWOLE P.H.,
ACHARD P., SALLEE H.
Energy and Buildings, 84, December 2014,
p. 241-251 [doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.039]
Démarche pour l'étude de l'impact
des transferts d'air liés aux défauts
d'étanchéité sur le comportement de
l'enveloppe des bâtiments à ossature bois
BELLEUDY C., HUREL N., CHHAY M., PAILHA M.,
WOLOSZYN M., QUENARD D., GARNIER G.
IBPSA France 2014, 20-21 mai 2014,
Arras, FRA, 8 p.
Life cycle assessment of fluorescent lamp
luminaire used in industry premises: a case study
TAHKAMO L., BAZZANA M., ZISSIS G.,
PUOLAKKA M., HALONEN L.
Lighting research and technology, 46/4,
August 2014, p. 453-464
[doi:10.1177/1477153513480518]
Leaching of hazardous substances
from a composite construction product:
an experimental and modelling approach
for fibre-cement sheets
LUPSEA M., TIRUTA-BARNA L., SCHIOPU N.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 264,
January 2014, p. 236-245
[doi:10.1016/j.jhamat.2013.11.017]
Other scientific publications are available via the Hal-CSTB portal
hal-cstb.archives-ouvertes.fr/
25
AT BUILDING LEVEL
Supporting the large-scale renovation of buildings. In making its contribution to achieving
this ambitious goal of the energy transition, the CSTB helps public-sector and private-sector
stakeholders to choose optimal solutions and evaluate their effectiveness. It responds to
the need to deliver quantified outcomes by providing detailed measurement of energy gains
and their financial impact. More generally, 2014 saw enhancements to the performancefocused approach to solutions in order to respond not only to the energy challenge,
but also to concerns about environmental, health and safety issues, and changes in the way
buildings are used. The development of digital modeling by the CSTB and its partners is part
of this commitment. As a powerful tool for information sharing and collaborative working,
it is now a key project component from the design stage right through to operation.
> For existing buildings
STIMULATING THE ENERGY UPGRADING
OF BUILDINGS IN COLOMBES
The community of Colombes on the outskirts of Paris wanted to communicate the
challenges of building energy upgrades, and is researching resources that could be
implemented to stimulate the upgrading process. As part of this initiative, it
commissioned DRIEA, CEREMA and the CSTB to research practical case histories, and
published the results in May 2014. The role of the CSTB was to analyze renovation
scenarios in two residential buildings.
Two buildings were selected from a map of typical locations prepared by the Paris Region
Regional and Interdepartmental Infrastructure and Development Agency (Direction
régionale et interdépartementale de l’équipement et de l’aménagement d’Île-de-France
or DRIEA) in conjunction with the Colombes local authority. The CSTB mission was to
characterize both buildings, assess their initial energy performance, propose alternative
renovation scenarios and assess their impacts. The packages of solutions suggested
involved upgrading the intrinsic characteristics of each building, in terms of envelope
thermal performance and energy system efficiency. The post-upgrade assessment was
based on energy, environmental and financial criteria.
The two buildings studied were different in many ways, including their date of construction,
their external environment and resident profile; as a result, they required individuallytailored renovation solutions. The study demonstrated the extent to which the decision
made in favor of a particular scenario is specific to the building concerned (or family of
similar buildings), and that it cannot be generalized to include every type of building.
The study also highlighted the need to set renovation goals, not only in terms of
performance targets, but also financial profitability over and above a straightforward
return on investment.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, Colombes
CSTB input
Characterization of energy performance and a study
to examine the technical and financial impacts
of alternative refurbishment scenarios
Implementation of the Paris Region climate, air and energy scheme
(Schéma régional Climat Air Énergie or SRCAE)
The study conducted on two buildings in Colombes was the
extension of work carried out by the CSTB in 2012 as part
of preparing the SRCAE for the Paris Region. At that time,
the CSTB prepared energy refurbishment specifications for
five building families representative of the Paris Region housing
stock, all with significant energy challenges.
2266
For each family of buildings, it prepared a detailed
specification containing remediation solutions, together
with their energy, climate and financial impacts.
These specifications were then used to prepare a prospective
analysis of Factor 4 for the ‘Paris Region residential buildings’
sector for the period to 2050.
LYCÉE KOEBERLÉ, Sélestat,
renovated under the
Energy Performance Contract scheme
Why an EPC?
> ENERGY PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE
INITIAL FEEDBACK ON THE ENERGY
PERFORMANCE CONTRACT
The Centre and Alsace regions of France have pioneered the use of the Energy Performance
Contract to renovate and operate their high schools. As part of a study carried out on
behalf of ADEME, the CSTB analyzed both projects over a period of three years, from
design through to operation. The summary of lessons learned was finalized in November
2014, and provides the first operational feedback on the EPC scheme in France and is
an essential guide to its wider introduction. Its recommendations are also extremely
valuable for all project owners and operators wishing to improve the long-term energy
performance of a real estate portfolio.
The Energy Performance Contract
is a lever for improving energy
performance by working on
improvements to the intrinsic qualities
of the building and optimizing
its existing equipment. Its success
depends on coordination among
disciplines at every stage of the
contract period. It also offers project
owners a method to fund energy
efficiency work, backed by the
contractual commitment to results.
“The study shows that the EPC provides an advantageous contractual framework for
optimizing the energy performance of building stocks. Nevertheless, an appropriate project
management culture and organizational structure are required to prepare and monitor
the contract,” explains Frédéric Bougrain, an Economics and Social Sciences Researcher
at the CSTB.
Pierre Boisson, CSTB Research Engineer: “It is essential to begin with a clear understanding
of the building (checking the reliability of historic energy consumption data), a clear definition
of the goals, and the overall methodology to be used for tracking performance indicators.”
Frédéric Bougrain continues: “In budgetary terms, the experiment shows that there needs
to be a contingency envelope for additional works. That gives the project greater flexibility.
It's also important that the operating budget for buildings covered by an EPC is not cut
until the reduction in energy consumption is clear. It's important that the comfort level of
occupants is not reduced too suddenly, but over a period during which they are made aware
of their own consumption.”
Pierre Boisson: “At the beginning of the operational phase, it can be useful to plan for a
period of adjustment for building management system implementation. Proper design,
acceptance and use of BTM (Building Technical Management) systems can contribute to a
successful project outcome. They provide control over energy management equipment and
monitoring of actual performance, which is essential where guaranteed outcomes are key.”
LYCÉE J.MONOD, Saint-Jean-de-Braye,
renovated under the Energy Performance Contract scheme
27
AT BUILDING LEVEL
HOME
1 temperature
sensor per main
room
electricity
meter
total power
consumption
sensor
(on meter)
SENSOR DATA
RECEIVING
ANTENNA
(external)
SMART-EPC
(central server)
database
Internet
occupant
gas
meter
gas
consumption
sensor
(on meter)
Internet
smart
digital
processing
social housing
provider
SMART EPC (Energy Performance Control)
System used to measure energy post-renovation
performance gains
NEW SYSTEMS TO MEASURE ACTUAL
ENERGY PERFORMANCE
The challenge lies in predicting, but also demonstrating, the energy performance of a
building. The measurement tools developed by the CSTB and its partners are designed
to give project stakeholders the assurance they need by offering to verify the results
achieved using two methods: REPERE, which assesses the long-term actual performance
of occupied buildings, and ISABELE, which measures unoccupied buildings at a given
moment in time.
The REPERE method
This innovative service measures the actual energy performance gain achieved on
completion of renovation works. Designed by the CSTB in partnership with Actility, the
provider of smart building-related services for the Internet of Objects, it uses Smart EPC
(Energy Performance Control) analysis instrumentation. This system calculates the difference
in building energy consumption before and after renovation, using results that are
independent of weather conditions and occupant usage. It also provides and monitors
actual building performance data.
Habitat Toulouse becomes the first to use the REPERE method
The Habitat Toulouse public housing office requested the REPERE service to measure the
efficiency of thermal insulation upgrades to 1,300 social housing units. “In 2014, instruments
were installed in a sample of 168 homes,” explains Lionel Bertrand, Head of Development
Innovation in the CSTB Energy & Environment Department. “Interconnected sensors were
fitted in these housing units to gather key data. Measurements were then taken in real
time over a three-year period. An exclusive Smart EPC application then ran accurate and
comprehensive energy audits automatically for each housing unit, before and after the
insulation upgrades. The initial feedback will be available during 2015.”
“The solution offered by the CSTB gives us a valuable measurement and feedback system
to support our commitment to improving the energy performance of our housing stock,”
underlines Gérald Lepain, Director of Housing at Habitat Toulouse.
28
“
THE ISABELE METHOD
As CSTB Research & Expertise Engineer Rémi
Bouchié explains: “The aim is to provide a reliable
system to diagnose building insulation performance
at the point of acceptance, regardless of whether
the building itself has been extensively refurbished
or newly built. The method used – ISABELE (In-Situ
Assessment of the Building EnveLope pErformance) –
is able to check that an unoccupied building
keeps its promises on the basis of a very rapid
measurement cycle of just a few days. In practical
terms, ISABELE consists of injecting a controlled
heat input into the building, and using its thermal
response to calculate the insulation performance
of its envelope. This method was tested on real
buildings in France and the UK during 2014.
Testing will continue in 2015 to identify the full
scope of application for this method.”
SOCIAL HOUSING, Gentilly
Le Cirque low-rent residential building
> OVERALL PERFORMANCE
> ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
DEVELOPING RENOVATION SCENARIOS
DEVELOPING PUBLIC-SECTOR
INCENTIVE SCHEMES
Choosing the right renovation scenario based on the potential
overall performance improvement of the building. A study
conducted by the CSTB in 2014 focused on this goal, as applied
to individual housing units. The fact is that this sector accounts
for around half of all energy consumed by buildings in France 1.
So it is essential to help project owners to take informed decisions
before embarking on a program of works.
Assisting public authorities in defining and assessing their policies
to support implementation of the energy transition for green
growth. With this goal in view, the CSTB was commissioned to
conduct a series of studies in 2014 to evaluate existing measures
and the feasibility of schemes under consideration. For example,
the CSTB evaluated the impact of public subsidies for social
housing providers in the form of an eco-loan for building energy
upgrades. The CSTB was also involved in analyzing the option of
making it obligatory to carry out energy efficiency upgrades on
the existing stock of office buildings. It also uses a new database
of home energy consumption data to update and expand the
current body of knowledge on the efficiency of renovation works
and situations of energy insecurity.
The method developed by the CSTB, together with the associated
prototype software package, is designed to be used at the
individual housing unit renovation project design stage. This
instructional specification decision support resource evaluates a
panel of 360,000 renovation scenarios against 25 performance
indicators measuring aspects such as energy, the environment,
economy, comfort, social impacts, health and quality in use. It then
automatically displays the most efficient scenarios for a given
need. It also identifies the most practically applicable scenario
based on the operational constraints involved (identified during
a diagnostic overview of each building audited) and the preferences
of the project owner.
1. Energy upgrading of buildings to achieve Factor 4, 2013-2020, ADEME
PUBLICATIONS
FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
ISABELE method: In-Situ Assessment
of the Building Envelope performances
BOISSON P., BOUCHIE R.
SSB 2014, 9th International conference
on system simulation in buildings,
December 10-12, 2014, Liege, BEL, 20 p.
FOR NEW BUILDINGS
BIM & maquette numérique
pour l'architecture, le bâtiment
et la construction
CELNIK O., LEBÈGUE E. (dir.)
CSTB Éditions-Eyrolles, juin 2014, 624 p.
[ISBN 978-2-86891-613-6]
French case study: design an energyefficient and fire safe building
BLANCHARD E., KOUTAIBA M., TEISSIER
O., ALESSANDRINI J.M., FROMY P.
Report presented at the 10th International
conference on performance-based codes
and fire safety design methods,
November 10-12, 2014, Gold Cost, QLD,
AUS, 82 p.
29
Indoor air quality and comfort
in seven newly built, energy-efficient
houses in France
DERBEZ M., BERTHINEAU B., COCHET V.,
LETHROSNE M., PIGNON C., RIBERON J.,
KIRCHNER S.
Building and Environment, 72,
February 2014, p. 173-187
[doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.10.017]
+
FIN
UT
DO M
E
OR
VULCAIN
Major research and test facility
for the fire resistance of innovative structures
> RISK MITIGATION
2004-2014: FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING
TEN YEARS ON
conduct a fire safety study for a new sports and events hall with
a seating capacity for audiences of between 2,000 and 5,000:
Brest Arena. The CSTB began by running a digital simulation
to dimension the smoke extraction solution. Then, once the
building had been constructed and shortly before its official
opening in September 2014, it conducted an on-site smoke test
in the hall to verify and confirm the performance of the computercalculated solution.
Fire safety engineering has been developing in France over the
last ten years for all types of building open to the public, from
historic monuments to hospitals and high schools. Approved
by the Ministry for the Interior to conduct fire safety
engineering research since 2004, the CSTB looks back on the
special features of this approach.
Another CSTB fire safety engineering study was conducted in
2008 on behalf of the Établissement Public de Maîtrise d’Ouvrage
des Travaux Culturels (ÉMOC) for the Bibliothèque nationale
de France (Rue de Richelieu complex), with all the constraints
imposed by an historic building. The CSTB challenge was to find
the right compromise between what it was possible to do in a
heritage building and the measures necessary to ensure safety
in the event of fire.
It was in 2004 that a national decree changed and extended
the safety regulations covering the risk of fire and panic in
buildings open to the public. At that time, it approved the use
of digital simulation to reproduce the spread of fire and design
a smoke extraction solution that would allow the public to
leave the building as quickly as possible under conditions of
maximum safety.
“The purpose of fire safety engineering is to provide the most
detailed possible analysis of building behavior and to adapt the
resources to be implemented in order to achieve an acceptable
level of safety. Simulation gives us the ability to demonstrate
how the building works in the event of fire,” explains CSTB
Research & Expertise Engineer Philippe Fromy. “The decree also
provides the option to conduct smoke testing of the building
before it is opened to the public.”
Fire safety engineering going forward
A National Fire Safety Engineering Program (PNISI) involving
all the leading public-sector and private-sector specialists,
including the CSTB, ran from 2005 to 2013. This research
project enabled the definition of a new performance-focused
methodological framework for fire safety engineering. The
obligation to deliver results now takes precedence over the
obligation to implement resources.
Close-up on the Brest Arena
and the Bibliothèque nationale de France
As an organization approved by the Ministry for the Interior
since 2004, the CSTB has conducted more than 50 building fire
safety engineering studies. For example, in 2011, the CSTB
responded to a request from Brest Métropole Océane to
The CSTB uses its scientific and technical expertise and its test
resources to develop this new approach. VULCAIN is one of these
test facilities: a research and testing center that is unique in
Europe and designed to test the fire resistance of large innovative
structures at full scale.
30
AT BUILDING LEVEL
> COLLOQUE
“LES DÉFIS BÂTIMENT & SANTÉ”
> HEALTH & COMFORT
2014: international focus
A PORTABLE INDOOR AIR POLLUTANT DETECTOR
A new detector with the ability to monitor and detect indoor air pollutants, particularly
fungal contaminants. Developed from research conducted by the CSTB, it received
the Innovative Environmental Techniques Award at Pollutec 2014. Its practicality
and reliability make it a key response to improving indoor air quality. It offers promising
industry applications in France and internationally.
A totally new kind of practical device
Mold can cause a very diverse range of illnesses, especially respiratory conditions that
are particularly dangerous for vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly and those
whose immune systems have been compromised. They also damage the substrates on
which they grow: not only paintings and sculptures, but also construction materials.
The CSTB has developed a portable, reliable monitoring detector to prevent these
negative consequences for health and materials. It contains a microsystem capable of
conducting the rapid sequence of sampling, transfer, separation and analysis essential
to evaluating fungal contamination in indoor environments. Its modular design also
allows its use to be extended to analyze other pollutants.
A significant advance with many applications
The new device provides continual monitoring and signals an alert at the first indications
of fungal development, and therefore represents a significant advance for building
industry stakeholders. It is also useful for those concerned with conserving cultural
heritage to avoid any damage to works of art and limit the need for restoration.
An industrial pre-production run was laboratory-tested for this purpose in 2014. In-situ
demonstrations are planned for 2015 in museums, libraries and archives in conjunction
with the Historic Monuments Research Laboratory (LRMH), the Bibliothèque nationale
de France and the French National Archives.
31
The fourth Les Défis Bâtiment & Santé
(Building & Health Challenges) conference
created and organized by Suzanne Déoux
(Association Bâtiment Santé Plus)
was held on Thursday, May 22, 2014
in Paris as part of a scientific partnership
involving the French Indoor Air Quality
Observatory (OQAI), the CSTB and the
International Council for Research and
Innovation in Building and Construction
(CIB) 1. It was attended by no fewer than
420 delegates to discuss the conference
theme of: ‘Health in buildings, from
nursery to high school – Careful, Children’.
In 2014, the conference adopted an
international focus for the first time,
with input from five CIB experts invited
to France by the CSTB. All five assessed
the latest knowledge and regulations on
indoor environments in nurseries and
schools, with the emphasis on Asia, North
America and Northern Europe. Their
presentations provided food for thought
and highly instructive comparisons.
1. The International Council for Research and Innovation in
Building and Construction (CIB) coordinator network of
more than 5,000 experts working in research, industry and
education. Its aim is to foster international cooperation and
the exchange of information between national building and
construction industry bodies. CSTB CEO Carole Le Gall is
chair of the CIB program for 2013-2016.
“
AT BUILDING LEVEL
<
Corinne MANDIN
Head of the
Expology - Indoor
Air Quality
Observatory Division
at the CSTB
ASBESTOS: THE 2011-2014 CAMPAIGN
“This study is a first for France, and documents
the concentrations of airborne short asbestos
fibers in a large panel of buildings. Looking to the
future, this study calls for additional measures
to generate a larger body of data, and continuation
of work to gain a clearer understanding of the
number of buildings in France with materials that
contain asbestos.”
+
FIN
UT
DO M
E
OR
Installing instruments in an office
as part of the OFFICAIR campaign
LEARNING MORE ABOUT AIR QUALITY
IN OFFICES
The goals
In 2007, ANSES noted that the toxicity of short asbestos
fibers – measuring less than 5 µm – could not be excluded.
That said, few data on the concentrations observable in the
ambient air of living spaces were available at that time, so the
CSTB was appointed to conduct a new study in 2011. Its three
goals were to measure concentrations of airborne short asbestos
fibers, study the relationship with the deterioration of asbestoscontaining materials in the building, and establish the ratio
of concentration between short and long fibers (those longer
than 5 µm).
After homes, offices are the places where the French spend
most of their lives. To learn more about indoor air quality and
comfort levels in these living spaces, the European Commission
Directorate General for Research provided funding for a
research initiative called OFFICAIR, which involved 13 partners
from 8 European countries between 2010 and 2014. The CSTB
coordinated the project on behalf of France.
The OFFICAIR project was based on three on-site campaigns
conducted in new office buildings and those refurbished within
the previous 10 years in all participating countries. The process
began with a satisfaction questionnaire being sent to occupants,
the results of which established that the two main sources of
discomfort today, regardless of country, are occupant-generated
noise and excessively dry air. The next step was to carry out
measurements, which revealed concentrations of pollutants below
the benchmark values, which varied from season to season, and
from floor to floor in the same building. Lastly, an intervention
study revealed the effects of cleaning products on air quality.
The method
With assistance from a number of landlords and project owners,
the CSTB involved and coordinated a series of teams covering
all areas of France to collect consistent on-site data. The
campaign included around fifty residential buildings, offices,
schools, childcare facilities, hospitals, etc. It took 138 samples
of materials containing asbestos, primarily floor tiles.
The results
The study revealed the presence of short fibers in 48% of
samples, and long fibers in 15%. Short and long fibers were
present simultaneously in 14% of the samples taken.
The OFFICAIR project made it possible to build an initial benchmark
reference for indoor air quality in office buildings. It also provides
sampling strategy factors to be considered for inclusion in
measurement protocols. Lastly, it provides a reminder of good
practices for office designers and managers, like choosing the
location of the future office building, the need to size and maintain
mechanical ventilation systems correctly, and controlling internal
sources of emissions, such as cleaning products.
The concentrations of short fibers varied very significantly, from
a few fibers per liter of air to many hundreds. Although the
asbestos-containing materials had deteriorated in 76% of cases,
it was not possible to establish a link between the nature and
extent of this deterioration and the airborne concentration of
short fibers. Neither was it possible to establish a relationship
with specific causes, such as impact or vibration. On the other
hand, it seems that larger numbers of occupants, as is the case
in schools, leads to higher concentrations of airborne short fibers.
SHORT ASBESTOS FIBERS
IN INDOOR AIR
Lastly, more than 90% of the fibers counted were very short and
very thin (less than 0.2 µm in diameter and between 0.5 and
2 µm in length).
The CSTB was commissioned to conduct a campaign to measure
concentrations of short asbestos fibers in 2011 by the French
Health and Housing ministries, and the Agency for Food,
Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES).
The results were published at the end of 2014.
32
HEALTHY SWIMMING POOLS
A NEW METHOD FOR DETAILED
EVALUATION OF DRINKING WATER
QUALITY
In 2014, the CSTB responded to a request by ANSES to study
the conditions under which disinfectant sub-products are
formed in swimming pools as a result of water treatment.
The study was conducted to provide an estimate of treatment
efficiency to ensure optimum swimming pool operation.
Drinking water quality is not only a health issue, but also one
of taste and smell. An innovative method was developed by the
CSTB between 2012 and 2014 to analyze its organoleptic
qualities at the consumer's tap or any other point of use.
Although swimming pool disinfection remains essential,
the studies showed that the disinfectants used (particularly
chlorine-based products) result in the formation of disinfection
sub-products with varying degrees of volatility (trihalomethanes
and trichloramine). Both have an impact on sensitive users
and lifeguards.
A new method is now available to evaluate the taste and smell
of drinking water in ways that take account of personal sensory
perception. It detects subtle levels of unpleasantness, which can
be caused by very low concentrations of sapid compounds. These
concentrations may be at, or below, the usual detection thresholds,
making it difficult to identify them using standard analytical and
sensory methods.
In 2014, the CSTB studied how water flows in swimming
pools in relation to their geometry and operation (particularly
the water recirculation flow rate) in order to gain a clearer
understanding of this effect. In practical terms, the way the water
behaves has a major effect on the practical effectiveness of the
processes involved, which treat the molecules found in and
around swimming pools.
The new method is based on gathering personal, subconscious
and spontaneous reactions. In very much the same way as a lie
detector, it identifies the intensity of physiological stress and
valence (positive or negative emotion) of an individual on tasting
the water being tested. During the test, precise precautions are
taken to ensure that his/her personal perceptions are not
influenced by any other factor (neutral, isolated environment,
random combinations of water samples, etc.). This method offers
the benefit of rapid, objective characterization of the organoleptic
qualities of water.
As a result of previous work undertaken in 2013, the CSTB already
had a method for the continuous measurement of each airborne
and waterborne chlorine sub-product. The two approaches will
enable the development of a method to predict the emission of
chlorination sub-products in indoor swimming pool environments
based on installation and operating conditions.
There are many potential applications for this evaluation method.
It can be used not only for the detailed identification of unpleasant
tastes, but also for unpleasant audible, olfactive, visual or tactile
experiences in buildings and cities, such as the acoustic
annoyances of a theatre or discomfort caused by urban noise
levels. It could also be applied to products other than water to
detect taste deterioration in food products, for example.
This should then make it possible to estimate the efficiency of
dechloramination and, more generally, the treatment of water
and the methods used for individual pools.
33
AT BUILDING LEVEL
> For new buildings
“
<
Éric LEBÈGUE
Deputy Head
of Digital Modeling
at the CSTB
THE NOVEMBER 20, 2014 PROJECT REVIEW
"The aim was to validate the building design. So the
digital model was plugged in to the CSTB eveCity solution
to project a 3D model of the building into its immediate
environment. All the project stakeholders were then able
to view its internal layout and visit key spaces, such as
the reception area, kitchen and the technical facilities.
It also made it possible to check how well the building
integrated into the surrounding area by looking at it
from different directions, including from the building
itself and from the city of Ajaccio. The result is a series
of economies resulting from changes made to the digital
model, rather than to the building itself.”
Integration of the (IFC) BIM envelope
for the future hospital in Ajaccio into its immediate environment
using the eveCity software package
> DIGITAL DESIGN
THE NEW HOSPITAL FOR AJACCIO:
A 100% BIM PROJECT
house Lascom. It uses the standard IFC protocol to communicate
with the various business packages used by project stakeholders.
This interoperability enables accurate, reliable data management
throughout the project. In practical terms, the stakeholders share
their models and technical documents via a collaborative web
platform. The role of the CSTB is essentially to ensure that the
BIM protocol is fully complied with at the point of data entry
and saving. Rather like a cupboard full of objects, the digital
model stores documents and establishes relationships between
them. A viewer then enables the building to be examined in 3D
and displays the data relating to each component.
Design work on the new hospital center for Ajaccio began
in 2014, with handover scheduled for the end of 2017.
This complex project is something of a pioneer. At the request
of the community of Ajaccio – the project owner – it is using
the digital model as its working tool, from design right through
to operation. As a member of the project consortium, the CSTB
is specifically responsible for correct usage of the BIM protocol
used to manage data within the digital model throughout the
life of the building. The result is a powerful contribution to
mutual understanding between stakeholders and reliable
project supervision.
Efficiency and traceability. These are the key benefits of this
new way of working. The digital model gives shareholders a
shared working tool which evolves as the project advances. As
a virtual clone of the future building, the digital model also offers
them detailed and general views in 3D. As a tool for information
sharing and collaborative working, it is proving particularly
useful where multiple stakeholders are involved in discussing
a complex project. Those involved in the new hospital for Ajaccio
experienced that directly at the project review held on
November 20, 2014 in the Le Corbusier immersive room at the
CSTB in Sophia-Antipolis.
A pioneering project for the digital revolution
The new hospital center for Ajaccio is the first public-sector
project to use the digital model as a working tool, from design
through to operation. This requirement was made by the project
owner in its initial specification, making this a first in France for
a building as complex as this one. In fact, widespread use of the
BIM in public-sector contracts is not expected until 2017. So this
pioneering project will provide key feedback on the use of the
digital model at every stage of a construction project. Until now,
the digital model has been used essentially in the project
competition phase to promote a concept.
But the role of the digital model goes much further than that,
because it will also continue to support the project through the
operational phase. The plan is to connect it to the building’s
technical management (BMS/CTM) and maintenance (CAMM)
systems to facilitate the work of the hospital operator and
technical teams.
The digital model: a shared working tool
In this context, the digital model referred to is the BIM Édition
package developed by the CSTB in partnership with software
34
BIM digital model (building scale)
of the future hospital in Ajaccio:
utilities and technical facilities
The CSTB partners with
the Domolandes technology
cluster
Henri Emmanuelli, President of the
Domolandes technology cluster, and Étienne
Crépon, his counterpart at the CSTB, signed
a partnership agreement on December 5,
2014. Both organizations appreciate the
importance of improving the information
and support available to construction
industry stakeholders adopting digital
technologies. Under the terms of the
agreement, their complementary facilities,
from the CSTB immersive room to the new
virtual construction space of the
Domolandes technology cluster, will be
shared. This collaboration will open the way
for joint Research & Development projects,
training initiatives and the development of
new services for building sector companies.
> HOME CARE
THE VIVRAUDOM SERVICES PLATFORM
Deployed in the Hautes-Alpes by the non-profit organization Vivre Dans Son Pays,
Vivraudom was one of the winners of the Tour de France Numérique 2014 in the ProvenceAlpes-Côte d’Azur region. This remote monitoring and assistance system has been
developed as part of the CSTB Gerhome project, which aims to support elderly people
in going about their daily lives in their own homes. Detecting a door left open or the
presence of water on the floor, automatically turning on the light when someone moves
around their home at night, holding a videoconference and reminding people of
appointments are just some of the services that Vivraudom provides to help elderly
people remain in their own homes.
> OVERALL PERFORMANCE
ROLLOUT OF THE NEW HQE CERTIFICATION SCHEME
The new HQE benchmark offers performance indicators for multiple criteria: thermal,
acoustic, economic, air quality, environment, etc. As a result, HQE certification of new
buildings is now based on an obligation to deliver results. In 2014, the CSTB introduced
a series of operational resources for certification bodies to facilitate the large-scale
rollout of this new certification scheme. Professionals involved in certified construction
projects need simulation and calculation software to verify overall project performance
at the design stage.
35
AT BUILDING LEVEL
APARTMENTS, Paris
Rue des Poissonniers, 18th district
> TIMBER IN CONSTRUCTION
EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE TO EXTEND
THE USE OF TIMBER IN CONSTRUCTION
IDENTIFYING THE ACOUSTIC
PERFORMANCE LEVELS OF TIMBER
STRUCTURES
The Timber Plan 2009-2014 (Plan Bois) introduced by the
Department for Homes, Planning and Landscape (Direction
de l’habitat, de l’urbanisme et des paysages or DHUP) and the
timber industry aims to provide the industry with the technical
resources essential for the increased use of timber in
construction. Against this background, FCBA and the CSTB
(under the aegis of SynerBois Partenaires) have evaluated the
actual performance of timber-based construction solutions.
Informing the choice of construction professionals on the basis
of required acoustic performance: that was the aim of the Acoubois
project finalized in 2014. It was conducted by FCBA, the CSTB
and Qualitel/Cerqual as part of the Plan Bois timber plan, with
funding from the DHUP, ADEME and the timber industry.
Current regulations require project owners to certify the acoustic
performance of new structures. As with all forms of lightweight
construction, lateral acoustic transmission is complex to evaluate
in timber structures, as a result of internal wall composition. Hence
the Acoubois project, which made it possible to assess the acoustic
performance of timber framed structures on the basis of the
components used.
SynerBois has been conducting scientific and technical studies
since 2010 to evaluate the performance of timber construction
systems. Mechanical performance in a fire or earthquake,
hygrothermal, acoustic and environmental performance, etc.
Amongst all the studies conducted, two that were particularly
eagerly awaited were completed in 2014. They identified timber
solutions offering recognized levels of fire resistance and acoustic
performance, depending on the type of structure concerned.
To ensure reliable project outcomes, measurements were made first
in the laboratory, and then in-situ. The on-site measurements were
made possible thanks to the provision by Cerqual/Qualitel of timber
multiple occupancy buildings covered by certification. The building
measurements were made during both the construction and finishing
phases. They were then complemented by the opinions of residents
who had lived in the buildings for several months.
Eventually, the transposition of the knowledge gained from
these studies should be incorporated into standards and
regulatory documents. One outcome that is already a reality is
the FCBA online Construction-Bois catalog offering product
data sheets and timber construction solutions, together with
their technical and environmental performance (FDES)
declarations. For construction professionals, this reference
catalog offers assistance in the selection of timber solutions by
intended use (floors, walls, roofs, etc.) and building type
(individual homes, multiple occupancy buildings, etc.). Special
Technical Specifications (Cahiers des Clauses Techniques
Particulières or CCTP) are also offered.
The Acoubois project has made it possible to promote timber
construction solutions delivering recognized levels of acoustic
performance as part of the Construction-Bois catalog (see opposite).
Its results have also been used in the development of a timber
structure acoustic performance forecasting package, in the same
way as the CSTB Acoubat software already does for heavyweight
structures. Lastly, the method used will form the basis for extending
the EN 12345 standard to cover the forecasting of acoustic
performance in heavyweight and lightweight structures.
36
> ENERGY SAVINGS
> ACTIVE ACOUSTICS
MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
OF A HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR SHOWER WATER
A unique musical
experience at the Théâtre
des Quinconces, thanks to
Carmen®
Systems that recover heat immediately from shower water to improve the thermal
balance of buildings. The CSTB has been offering tests in its Cofrac-accredited
laboratory since September 16, 2014 to measure the actual performance delivered
by these systems.
The new Théâtre des Quinconces L’espal
in Le Mans offers audiences a unique
musical experience. The Carmen®1 system
installed in 2014 allows its acoustics to
be shaped to the needs of different types
of production, whether opera, concert,
drama or dance. Designed by CSTB
researchers specializing in natural sound
propagation in complex volumes,
Carmen® offers the kind of high-quality
acoustic that music lovers and musicians
adore. The system is also an ideal solution
for correcting poor acoustics in existing
performance venues.
1. Active Control of Reverberation by Natural Effect Virtual
Walls (Contrôle Actif de la Réverbération par Mur virtuel à
Effet Naturel)
The CSTB Recado laboratory in Nantes carries out tests to measure the performance
delivered by systems offering instant recovery of heat from shower water. Cofrac
recognition of these tests is the culmination of work conducted over several years
alongside industry partners to characterize the systems as the basis for developing this
test to measure their efficiency.
There are three options for using the heat recovered from gray water using a heat
recovery unit located at the earliest-possible position in the shower drain: returning the
preheated water to the domestic hot water tank, returning it to the cold water inlet of
the shower mixer valve, or a hybrid system that feeds both the tank and the mixer valve.
The CSTB test characterizes all three of these options. Manufacturers must then request
Titre V approval from the DHUP, which recognizes this test, in order to promote its
system as compliant with the 2012 thermal regulations. The Titre V procedure enables
the performances delivered by innovative processes to be used in the calculation methods
used to forecast the thermal balance of buildings. Gray water heat recovery systems
are also covered by the Technical Approval procedure, the stage that precedes certification
of these processes.
> HEALTH & COMFORT
PERMANENT BUILDING VENTILATION
In the wider sense, the CSTB mission includes making its own
specialist contribution to optimum building design, and MATHIS
makes it possible to predict the risk of extreme situations and
identify the most critical conditions of use in order to achieve
maximum mitigation of these risks. The speed of calculation
offered by this solution simplifies the task of exploring alternative
design assumptions. It takes only a few minutes to generate an
image visualizing an entire heating season without the need for
in-situ testing.
The CSTB has applied its expertise in aeraulic and thermal
modeling to develop a simulation code called MATHIS, which was
finalized in 2014. It can help ventilation systems manufacturers
to assess the quality of their solutions. For project owners and
project managers, it can be used to develop permanent ventilation
solutions tailored to the needs of individual construction projects.
Having a clear understanding of how ventilation works in a building
throughout its life is an important aspect of ensuring its optimal
long-term design. But digital simulation methods 1 are relevant
only to a given point in time. In 2014, the CSTB finalized the MATHIS
(Modélisation de l’aéraulique, de la thermique et de l’hygrométrie
instationnaire – Time-variable aearaulic, thermal and humidity
modeling) nodal simulation code. This solution makes it possible
to track the operational data that determine the ambient conditions
inside a building over time, and assess the ongoing efficiency of
the ventilation system.
1. CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics
Average at 250° incidence
As part of a series of studies conducted for manufacturers, the
CSTB characterized an air vector heating/cooling system during
2014. It also checked the installation of condensing boilers in
apartment building ducts by modeling cold fume extraction. The
CSTB has also used the MATHIS code since 2014 in the context of
conducting Technical Approvals of adjustable humidity ventilation
systems.
Experimental pressure field used by the MATHIS software to analyze
ambient conditions beneath the Les Halles canopy roof
37
AT NEIGHBORHOOD AND CITY LEVEL
The CSTB is responding to climate change and regional energy and economic challenges by leveraging
its expertise to consider the city of tomorrow. Far from treating it as a collection of objects (buildings,
transportation systems, utilities, etc.), the CSTB prefers to take a holistic approach to the 'city system'.
Its aim is to optimize the energy-related, environmental and economic aspects of urban development to
improve the living environment for citizens. That's a major challenge at a time in our history where 80%
of the world's population lives in cities. In 2014, the CSTB embarked on research into these issues via
the Efficacity institute and the Chair in Climate Economics. It also assisted central government and
regional stakeholders in developing their sustainable urban development plans.
From proposed energy scenarios to the assessment of eco-neighborhoods (ÉcoQuartiers), support for the
development of local smart grids and solar mobility, and improving the acoustic environment around
Road infrastructures… this overview looks at the CSTB highlights for 2014 at city level.
> ENERGY EFFICIENCY
EXPLORING SCENARIOS TO BOOST
NEIGHBORHOOD ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Expertise in energy system modeling
Developing an entirely new neighborhood, refurbishing an
existing one or designing a new block of buildings... The CSTB
helps the open development stakeholders involved in projects
like these by sharing its expertise in dynamic modeling to identify
the most efficient energy system. The CSTB also assists operators
in optimizing the operation of their existing energy systems.
Some examples of projects in France
and throughout Europe
At the heart of metropolitan Nice Côte d’A zur, the future
neighborhood of Nice Méridia wants to lead by example when
it comes to sustainable development. As part of making this
ambition of the Plaine du Var EPA (public urban development
agency) a reality, the consortium of Embix, Seban Associés and
the CSTB has developed the Energy Master Plan for the entire
neighborhood. “In 2014, the CSTB used DIMOSIM to model and
simulate a series of scenarios for the entire neighborhood, and
analysed them on the basis of both energy and environmental
criteria,” explains CSTB engineer Peter Riederer. “This
comparison provided the initial estimates for decentralized
heat energy generation to supply the neighborhood heating
network. That solution was then validated in terms of its
flexibility, cost and performance. The study also verified that
this energy system was appropriate for all the usage profiles
of the building once occupied (heating, cooling, domestic hot
water, ventilation, photovoltaic power generation, etc.).”
In providing these services, it uses the new DIMOSIM software
package to compare alternative technology solutions. These
may involve the choice of energy generation resources, their
degree of centralization or energy distribution (cogeneration,
heat pump, photovoltaic panel or local heating network). They
may also be specific to buildings (envelope insulation, highperformance glazing, etc.).
The CSTB has also used DIMOSIM to assess the energy
performance improvement potential of existing science and
technology parks, including the one at Sophia-Antipolis (as
part of the European SmartMEDParks project), as well as
preparing and testing innovative neighborhood management
strategies in Italy, Belgium and the UK (as part of the European
RESILIENT project).
Driving innovation in neighborhood and city-wide development,
while assessing project energy performance. The CSTB supports
developers, local authorities, manufacturers and operators.
More precisely, it offers its expertise in the dynamic modeling
of energy systems using the new DIMOSIM software package.
It was in this context that the CSTB assisted the EPA Plaine
du Var public urban development agency in 2014 with its plans
for the Nice Méridia neighborhood.
Did you know? One of the most significant advances made in
2014 was the CSTB making it possible to link DIMOSIM with
the urban digital model. Since the latter includes a 3D
visualization of building geometry, the effective shadows on
buildings can be taken into account when calculating total
energy performance.
38
APARTMENTS, MONCONSEIL ECO-NEIGHBORHOOD, Tours
Labeled in 2014
> RESIDENTIAL SITE MANAGEMENT
Pour
meilleure
qualité
de vie
dans
l’Orléanais
developed de
by its
Economics and Humanities Department,
As partune
of upgrading
its service
to tenants,
making
theirles résidences
and provided the management teams with methodological
homes more attractive and improving management of the
support in conducting diagnostic analysis of existing housing
housing stock, Résidences de l’Orléanais (the largest landlord
situations, putting together management projects, and
in the city of Orléans) turned to the CSTB for advice.
ensuring their continual supervision and evaluation.
The result has been the preparation and monitoring of eight
The initiative is now paying off and is to be extended: in 2015,
site management projects over two years (2012-2014).
the city of Orléans is embarking on urban and social studies
The CSTB assisted and advised the senior management
of the Argonne neighborhood, with the CSTB in charge of the
team and housing stock management team with the
social diagnosis.
implementation of the Site Management Project approach
39
AT NEIGHBORHOOD AND CITY LEVEL
“
<
Daniela BELZITI
Sustainable Urban
Development Project
Leader at the CSTB
THE SPECIAL FEATURES
OF THE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
“It's all about the lifetime assessment of labeled
eco-neighborhoods on the basis of actual
performances, rather than intentions. On-site
measurements and surveys are the preferred
methods of obtaining results that are directly
applicable to more effective management of
eco-neighborhoods and project analysis. The same
criteria and assessment indicators are applied to
all projects, but we also provide margins for
adaptation to take account of the differing contexts
of individual eco-neighborhoods. The intention is
to focus the assessment on water, energy and waste
flows. In addition to the quantified results, local
authorities are encouraged to conduct a contextual
analysis of their projects and define an improvement
plan, if necessary.”
SOCIAL HOUSING
LA BARBERIE ECO-NEIGHBORHOOD, Changé
Labeled in 2014
ASSESSMENT OF LABELED
ECO-NEIGHBORHOODS
eco-neighborhoods was launched on September 5, 2014,
focusing on the energy, water and waste commitments of the
eco-neighborhoods Charter.
The eco-neighborhood label awarded to exemplary development
projects is an important element in the creation of sustainable
cities. Two years after its introduction, the Ministry for Housing,
Regional Equality and Rural Affairs wanted to assess the scheme
on the basis of measured results. The resulting feedback was
seen as essential as part of continually improving this labeling
scheme and guaranteeing the quality of labeled developments.
The CSTB developed the eco-neighborhoods (ÉcoQuartiers)
assessment methodology in 2014 on behalf of the Ministry. It
also organized the implementation of a system to assist local
authorities in applying the methodology and coordinating the
feedback received.
So how was the campaign organized? In 2014, the CSTB developed
a Campaign Kit for local authorities. It contains a methodological
guide prepared with input from Cerema and ADEME, and an
Internet app. The CSTB will supervise implementation of the
assessment campaign, coordinate its support resources and
centralize all its results on behalf of the Ministry over the period
to December 2016.
Élise Marion is eco-neighborhoods mission leader in the
Ministry for Housing, Regional Equality and Rural Affairs:
“In 2015, assessment resources will be developed for the
17 other commitments of the eco-neighborhoods Charter.
Together with the methodology already designed by the CSTB
for 3 commitments, they will form a national assessment method
that will be presented at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change
Conference (COP21) in Paris, an excellent opportunity to promote
and raise the profile of the French take on eco-neighborhoods.”
At the end of 2014, France had 32 labeled eco-neighborhoods,
and a further 78 in the process of accreditation. Although the
number of eco-neighborhood projects is growing, the Minister
is keen to ensure that local authorities achieve the targets they
have set, and understand the reasons for any variances observed.
With this in mind, an initial assessment campaign of the labeled
40
> SAVING ENERGY
CONTROLLING DEMAND FOR
ELECTRICITY MORE EFFECTIVELY
authority) behavior. The role of the CSTB in this project is to
observe the degree to which voluntary adaptation of electricity
usage enables consumers to reduce their bills, at the same time
as contributing to reducing leaks in consumption.
Making the energy transition means not only improving building
performance, but also controlling demand for electricity more
effectively. That means developing methods and resources that
reduce energy bills without compromising user comfort. Such
solutions must also allow buildings to contribute to the
flexibility required for improved management of the power
grid load curve. Recognized as an impartial stakeholder in this
area, the CSTB contributes its expertise through projects like
Smart Electric Lyon, the EDF-coordinated program that studies
electrical power usage, and the load shedding study conducted
for ADEME.
In practical terms, 2014 saw the large-scale rollout of
interactive energy consumption management solutions
(energy management systems, displays, electric heating
controls, etc.) to 2,500 homes and around 100 office buildings
and businesses. Occupants were also offered pricing structures
to promote building flexibility through variable pricing
designed to encourage lower consumption at certain times.
This is the context in which the CSTB has the responsibility
for developing the method for assessing the different
tariff/technical solution combinations used on the basis of
four criteria: energy savings, thermal comfort, CO² emissions
and load curve control. This work and the process of deploying
solutions will continue in 2015.
A Smart Grid demonstrator
The installation of a Smart Grid demonstrator in Lyon – the
Smart Electric Lyon project – is designed to provide a better
understanding of consumer (domestic, business and local
The annual solar power generating potential
of a Paris neighborhood calculated using 3D modeling.
> ACTIVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Energy management
solutions
A study was conducted in 2014 by carbon
strategy consultants Carbone 4 and
the CSTB on behalf of Promotelec
(a non-profit organization working on the
social challenges of ensuring comfortable
home environments) and IGNES
(the digital, energy and safety
engineering industries professional body).
This study shows that active energy
management solutions are a key source
of energy efficiency offering quick returns
on investment. More specifically, heating
management solutions are identified as
flagship solutions that deliver significant
energy consumption gains of around 15%.
Another important finding is that the best
way of achieving the optimum return on
investment in energy efficiency and
improving the operational financial
balance is to combine active and passive
solutions. So insulating a home or
changing the heating system should be
accompanied by the installation of an
efficient and functional control system.
A study to research load shedding
Load shedding is a technique that consists of temporarily reducing the consumption of
multiple domestic consumers, and is activated by a ‘load-shedding’ operator at the request
of RTE1, when maintaining the balance of the French power supply system requires it.
The study conducted by the CSTB on behalf of ADEME in 2013 demonstrated the potential
of load shedding to deliver environmental, social and financial gains. For consumers, this
technique can save electricity with no noticeable loss of comfort. Other studies are
currently underway to develop this practice in ways that will optimize electricity
management in France.
1. RTE: Réseau Transport Électricité, the French electricity transmission system operator
41
AT NEIGHBORHOOD AND CITY LEVEL
> RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOLAR MOBILITY THANKS TO
THE COMBINATION OF AN ENERGYGENERATING BUILDING
AND AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
The relevance of the concept
To what extent could solar energy meet the needs of electric
vehicles and the homes of their drivers? The question raises a
series of technical and financial issues. The CSTB has analyzed
the relevance of this concept using the TRYNSYS software
package to simulate the lives of a family living in a lowconsumption energy-generating home in 2030. A series of
scenarios have been studied on the basis of varying sunlight
levels, charging methods and mobility needs.
In France, buildings and transportation are the largest
consumers of energy, and therefore the principal sources of
greenhouse gas emissions. Added to which, private cars are
responsible for more than half of all transportation-related CO2
emissions. So innovation in the way we organize cities, move
around them and live in them is crucial. The widespread
introduction of energy-positive buildings is a step in the right
direction, but now there is another promising avenue: the
convergence between buildings and transportation to power a
move to solar mobility. The CSTB has evaluated this possibility
as part of the Polinoten energy technologies innovation policy
funded jointly by ADEME.
The results show that, despite excess generation of photovoltaic
power, it is still necessary to use mains electricity to meet the
demands imposed by the home and mobility. The opportunity to
recharge the vehicle at home and in the workplace is an effective
way to minimize those demands. During the day, the vehicle can
be recharged in the workplace, while at home, the vehicle battery
can provide top power during periods of peak power demand.
The key outcome of the Polinoten project is that solar mobility
offers an appealing solution for families living in suburban areas
of France in 2030. It also provides the starting point for a more
detailed study conducted by the CSTB to explore the economic
and environmental viability of solar mobility and the policies
that need to be implemented in order to develop this concept
in practice.
The solar mobility concept
This idea consists of installing solar photovoltaic systems on the
buildings we live in and work in. These systems could then provide
power to recharge the batteries of parked electric vehicles, and
supply electricity to the home. Depending on the amount of power
consumed for travel, any excess solar energy generated could be
stored in the vehicle batteries. Where their capacity allows, these
could play a useful top-up storage role to optimize the use of this
intermittent source of energy (Vehicle-to-Building or Vehicle-toGrid). At a more general level, such installations would encourage
environmentally friendly consumption of electricity, and
particularly the use of electric vehicles powered by solar energy:
solar mobility.
THE POLINOTEN PROJECT
Solar mobility
between home and workplace
Photovoltaic
HOME
WORKPLACE
HOME
WORKPLACE
Mains
Photovoltaic
Mains
Photovoltaic
HOME
WORKPLACE
Mains
Photovoltaic
42
ADAPTING CITIES
TO COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE
How can urban development be adapted to mitigate the effects
of climate imbalance? That's the central question addressed by
the ANR-Muscade 1 research project. Coordinated by the French
National Center for Meteorological Research (MétéoFrance/CNRS), it involves meteorologists, economists, architects,
geographers and building specialists from the CSTB. Its findings
were presented on October 3, 2014 at the first ‘Chaleur sur la
Ville’ (Heat and the City) day hosted by the Paris Region and
the Paris Region Institute of Urban Planning & Development.
They provide the key evaluation elements required by
stakeholders in the cities of tomorrow.
Aerial view of Central Paris
In the Paris Region, the higher temperatures resulting from
climate change are having an accentuated impact on the urban
environment: the formation of heat islands as a result of
development. The more compact the city, the more pronounced
the effect. So should everything be air-conditioned? Air
conditioning cools the indoor environment, but expels heat to
the exterior. Other avenues were also explored by the Muscade
project which used digital tools to simulate climate scenarios for
Greater Paris in the year 2100.
> CLIMATE CHANGE
COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE CHAIR
IN CLIMATE ECONOMICS AND THE CSTB
The partnership agreement signed at the end of 2013 between
the Chair in Climate Economics and the CSTB has facilitated
an original approach to the issues of the housing and
construction economy in the context of the energy transition.
The results show that the behavior patterns of citizens, depending
on their reasonable or intense use of air conditioning, solar
protection, etc., play a considerable role in the city’s overall
consumption of energy. Their impact is comparable with the effects
of technical solutions, such as building insulation or the greening
of the city. The study also shows that planting directly into the
earth is a more effective way of cooling city air than roof gardens.
But in all cases, the plants themselves must receive sufficient
irrigation to have a cooling effect in summer, which in turn means
optimizing water management systems at local level.
CSTB Economist Olivier Teissier explains: “Under the terms of this
research and development cooperation agreement, the Chair in
Climate Economics is sharing its expertise in financial, carbon
funding and public policy advice with the CSTB. In return, the CSTB
is sharing its expertise in the economic aspects of the ecological
transition as applied to the built environment. The year 2014 saw
the launch of two joint research projects. One is concerned with
modeling energy consumption in the existing stock of offices and
other service industry buildings, and the other examines the issues
involved in socioeconomic evaluation of innovations labeled
eco-neighborhoods and energy-efficient buildings. This partnership
introduces the CSTB to a network of high-level economic and
environmental partners. The Chair is affiliated to the universities
of Paris-Dauphine and Paris-Nanterre, and has connections with
an international network of universities.”
+
FIN
UT
DO M
France hosts the Solar Decathlon Europe 2014
The Cité du Soleil visited France
for the first time between June 27
and July 14, 2014. In the park of the
Château de Versailles, it introduced
more than 80,000 visitors to over
20 full-size prototype solar powered
homes competing in this
international contest. As project
manager for Solar Decathlon Europe
The “Rhome For DenCity” project team
that won the Solar Decathlon Europe 2014
E
OR
> THE SOLAR CITY OF THE FUTURE
1. Urban modeling and climate change adaptation strategies to anticipate energy demand
and generation. Project funded by the French National Research Agency
2014, the CSTB was also the event
organizer. The result was a superb
opportunity to promote French
excellence on the international
stage, stimulate innovation
in energy efficiency, and support
talented people from many
countries in developing the home
of tomorrow.
AT NEIGHBORHOOD AND CITY LEVEL
“
<
Jérôme VINET
Wind & Structures
Project Leader
at the CSTB
STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF WIND
“For a stadium like the one in Marseille, you have
to take account of the effects of wind from the sea
and from the city. To do that, the CSTB conducted a
series of experimental campaigns in the atmospheric
wind tunnel to test every configuration of the project
site and wind conditions. In total, some fifteen
1:250-scale models of the structure in its
environment were tested. The test data was then
processed in close collaboration with the project
designers. Every aspect was custom-made to respond
to the extremely demanding requirements imposed
by this project.”
+
UT
DO M
E
OR
CSTB input
Wind loading and comfort study, with wind tunnel
testing of different on-site project phases
FIN
THE MARSEILLE VELODROME STADIUM
New wind measurement
systems
> CONTROLLING THE WIND
THE MARSEILLE VELODROME STADIUM:
AN ARCHITECTURAL AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGE
Officially opened on October 16, 2014, the new Marseille Velodrome Stadium boasts
more than 65,000 seats, and is fully roofed and wind-protected. It is the result of four
years’ work, during which the stadium continued to host sporting events. The CSTB
worked alongside GFC Construction on this project to calculate the wind loadings on
the roof, and conduct comfort assessments inside and outside the stadium for the pitch
and the external pedestrian areas.
Beginning in 2010, the Marseille Velodrome Stadium project was carried out on
successive quarters of the stadium so that its normal life could carry on throughout
the construction phase. One of the technical challenges for this project was the design
of the roof with its highly innovative geometry and use of materials. “We had to identify
the wind loading intensities for every part of the roof during the construction phase,
and conduct comfort assessments to ensure that spectators in the stands would not
suffer from accelerations in the wind or turbulence,” explains Romain Vondière, Technical
Director at GFC Construction.
The construction of large-scale structures
(towers, stadiums, museums, bridges, etc.)
and the wider trend of contemporary
architecture towards complex slender
forms require more detailed studies of the
behavior of wind in relation to the
structures. And that in turn demands new
measurement systems. As an international
leader in this field, the CSTB's Jules Verne
climatic wind tunnels further expanded
the field of their expertise in 2014 with
operational implementation of a 3D
trajectory tracking system and a new
high-performance pressure scanner.
This scanner makes it possible to achieve
spatial and time resolutions of up to
the symbolic level of 1,000 measurements
per second at 1,000 Hz.
Expertise in wind comfort
Wind is the prime cause of acoustic nuisance in
buildings when it whistles though perforated sheet
metal or vibrates a badly profiled guard rail. Today's
increasing use of double-skinned external walls and
sunscreens is making it more common to conduct wind
tunnel testing of facade elements to avoid costly
remedial work on site. The CSTB offers a typically
practical and appropriate approach involving joint
phonic and vibratory studies of facade elements.
These tests are performed in the Gustave Eiffel
and Jules Verne wind tunnel facilities in Paris
and Nantes respectively.
44
> HEALTH & COMFORT
everything it needed to reach an informed decision about its plan
to reroute the highway.
ADAPTING PUBLIC LIGHTING TO USERS
Urban sound pathways
In 2015, the CSTB is continuing its research work to recreate new
sound sources in relation to tramways and motorcycles. The results
will then be incorporated into MithraSON. To go further still, the
CSTB is engaging with its partners in the UrbaSON project, thanks
to joint funding from ADEME. Its aim is to offer a unique experience
of urban sound pathways that will allow listeners to immerse
themselves in the virtual world of a pedestrian or cyclist moving
around the city and listen to the soundscape of the journey. The
noise generated by the many sound-generating components of
the city, from moving traffic to building facilities, street furniture,
human activity and even fountains, will be included. The outcomes
of this research should enable architects and acoustic engineers
to work together at the design phase to ensure the sustainable
development of the urban soundscape.
Aix-les-Bains now has an innovative public lighting system for
its urban streets that combines LED units with presence detectors.
This experiment, which began in September 2014, is coordinated
by the CSTB with partners Cluster Lumière as part of the RhôneAlpes Sustainable Public Lighting Demonstrator program
DEDRA. Its aim is to improve the energy performance of public
lighting systems, at the same time as offering its users a welllit environment that perfectly meets their needs.
As night falls, the Place du Cardinal Garonne in the center of Aixles-Bains is lit by eight LED lighting units supplied by Soitec and
controlled by a system designed and produced by BH Technologies
in conjunction with HIKOB. What makes this installation particularly
original is that it adapts the lighting level to the presence of users
and their means of travel through the space, whether pedestrians,
joggers, cyclists or drivers. The data gathered are transmitted
wirelessly to the radio frequency control system. The result is an
almost instantaneous transition from minimum security lighting
to more intense street lighting. This experiment will enable the
gains offered by upgrading public lighting installations to LED
technology combined with remote detection to be evaluated
against multiple criteria.
> DIGITAL DESIGN
FROM 3D CITY TO SIMULATED CITY
The IGN and CSTB extended their collaboration in 2014, pooling
their respective expertise in mapping and the digital modeling
of buildings and cities to develop an innovative web portal.
Urban development stakeholders will be able to use this online
resource to view 3D imagery of a construction or development
project and evaluate it against multiple criteria.
IMPROVING THE ACOUSTIC
ENVIRONMENT OF CITIES
The noises generated by human activity and traffic are the main
acoustic sources of any city. The sound levels emitted by building
facades are regulated, so to develop a high-quality urban
environment, a general acoustic survey is a definite requirement.
For this purpose, the CSTB uses an auralization technology to
recreate the sound impact of development projects. In 2014,
this expertise was put to work for the Nord Departmental Council.
These stakeholders currently have access to a range of different
visualisation systems: the IGN maps that offer a geographic view
of an area, the eveBIM software package which provides 3D
visualisation of a construction project digital model, and the CSTB
eveCity package that visualizes and assesses a project within its
surrounding area. So the challenge lies in offering access to all
these services via a single interface.
Assessing the sound impact of a project
In 2014, the CSTB assisted the Nord Departmental Council in its
project to double the RD700 highway from 2 lanes to 4 lanes. The
CSTB provided assistance with this project by creating the detailed
sound source and acoustic propagation reconstruction models
using the MithraSON software package. As a result, it was possible
to simulate the sound impact of alternative variants of the new
route by integrating traffic-generated noise. Subsequently, the
CSTB linked MithraSON with the eveCity urban digital model to
present the findings of this survey to the Nord Departmental
Council. As a result, each project stakeholder was able to move
to different points on a noise map and evaluate it by listening to
the soundscape of that location. The immersive experience made
possible by the virtual project gave the Nord Departmental Council
It is against this background that the CSTB has extended its
collaboration with IGN to create an innovative web portal. The
resulting solution is based on the digital model enhanced with
IGN mapping data, and will also be interoperable with a range of
existing services and computing software.
Eventually, urban development stakeholders will have a resource
that allows them to visualize multiple construction and urban
development scenarios with access to precise data for each
component. The same system will then allow them to assess
the project against a range of criteria, including solar power
potential, energy performance, noise propagation, air quality
and financial return. The ultimate aim is to facilitate information
sharing and decision-making for all the stakeholders involved
in a shared project.
PUBLICATIONS
Low carbon district:
energy and behaviour modelling
GAY C., SCHETELAT P.
ICT4SP, ICT for sustainable places. ICT for a low
carbon economy – EEBuilding data models:
energy efficiency vocabularies and ontologies.
Proceedings of the 4th Workshop organised
by the EEB Data Models Community,
September 9-11, 2013, Nice, FRA, European
Commission-Publications office of the European
Union, 2014, p. 33-45 [doi:10.2759/40897]
Interoperable tools for designing energyefficient buildings in healthcare districts
BENNER J., HAEFELE K.H., BONSMA P.,
BOURDEAU M., SOUBRA S., SLEIMAN H., ROBERT S.
ECPPM 2014, Proceedings of the 10th European
conference on product and process modelling
"eWork and eBusiness in architecture,
engineering and construction",
September 17-19, 2014, Vienna, AUT, CRC Press,
2014, p. 915-922 [doi:10.1201/b17396-145]
45
Le véhicule électrique : un nouvel
équipement des BEPOS pour valoriser le PV
et favoriser la mutualisation énergétique
QUENARD D., COSNIER M., BOUGRAIN F.
IBPSA France 2014, 20-21 mai 2014,
Arras, FRA, 8 p.
Solar panels reduce both global warming
and urban heat island
MASSON V., BONHOMME M., SALAGNAC J.L.,
BRIOTTET X., LEMONSU A.
Frontiers in environmental science, June 2, 2014,
10 p. [doi:10.3389/fenvs.2014.00014]
ORGANIZATION & TEAMS
MARCH 2015
Standardization,
Marketing
and International
Affairs
Human
Resources
Communication
and External
Relations
Albert REIS
Director
Christophe JEANNOT
Assistant
Florence FERRY
Director
Bruno MESUREUR
Director
Étienne CRÉPON
President
CSTB Grenoble
CSTB
Marne-la-Vallée
Paris
Christian COCHET
Director
Hervé CHARRUE
Pierre VERRI
Deputy Chief Executive Officer
Deputy Director
Director
Research and
Development Department
Franck SÉNÉCAL
CSTB Carnot Institute
Dominique NAERT
Assistant
Hervé CHARRUE, Director
Robert BAROUX, Deputy Director
Information
Technologies
and Knowledge
Dissemination
Economics
and
Social Sciences
Energy,
Environment
Health,
Comfort
Jean-Christophe VISIER
Christian COCHET
Yann MONTRELAY
Director
Director
Climatology,
Aerodynamics,
Pollution and
Purification
Patrick MORAND
Director
Julien HANS
Jacques MARTIN
Olivier TEISSIER
Research Deputy Director
Delegate Director
Jean-Michel AXÈS
Director
Souheil SOUBRA
Economic Analysis Manager
Jean-Robert MILLET
Séverine KIRCHNER
Public Expertise
Deputy Director
Research and
Public Expertise
Deputy Director
OQAI Scientific Director
Research Deputy Director,
Scientific Adviser
on the Building Digital
Transition Plan,
Computer Modeling and
Concurrent Engineering
Hélène ANDRAULT
Professional Training
Dominique CACCAVELLI
Renewable Energy
Lionel BERTRAND
Innovation and Development
Jacques CHEVALIER
Franck ANDRIEUX
Environment and
Life Cycle Engineering
Information Systems
and Business Applications
Patrick CORRALES
Éric COIGNOUX
Publishing
Alain ZARLI
Digital Innovation
in Construction
Computer Development
and Digital Methods
Mireille JANDON
Automation and
Energy Control
Charles PELÉ
Building Energy Performance
Daniel QUENARD
Envelopes and
Innovative Materials
Jean-Baptiste CHENE
Acoustic Tests
Jérôme DEFRANCE
Pierre PALIER
Deputy Director
Christian BARRÉ
Olivier FLAMAND
Wind – Structures
Jean-Paul BOUCHET
Extreme Climatic Loads
Environmental and
Urban Acoustics
Marc DUFRESNE DE VIREL
Corinne MANDIN
Philippe HUMEAU
Expology – OQAI
(Indoor Air Quality Observatory)
Christophe MARTINSONS
Lighting and Electromagnetism
François MAUPETIT
Physico-chemical
Pollutants Sources and Transfer
Enric ROBINE
Biological Agents
and Air Contaminants
Catherine GUIGOU-CARTER
Noise and Vibrations
in Buildings
46
Director
Air – Comfort – Environment
Water and Water Treatment
Performance
Management
General
Secretariat
Béatrice CROMIÈRES
Officer
Accounting
Office
Emmanuel GIRARD
Secretary-General
Véronique PAPON
Acting Accountant
Carole
Carole
LE GALL
LE GALL
Chiefdirectrice
Executivegénérale
Officer
CSTB Nantes
Jean-Michel AXÈS
Charles BALOCHE
Director
Deputy Chief Executive Officer
Christian BARRÉ
CSTB Sophia
Antipolis
Assistant
Technical Department
Patrick MORAND
Charles BALOCHE, Director
Christophe MOREL, Deputy Director,
Christiane PUJOL
Director
Delegate, General Administration
Technical Partnerships
Safety,
Structures and
Fire Performance
Thermal Insulation
and Coatings
Envelope
and Roofing
Maxime ROGER
Michel COSSAVELLA
Anne VOELTZEL
Director
Director
Philippe PIED
Director
Christine GILLIOT
Stéphane GILLIOT
Director
Ménad CHENAF
Lightweight Construction
and Roof
Walid JAAFAR
Deputy Director
Coverings – Waterproofing –
Rendering and Mortars
Martial BONHOMME
Salem FARKH
Hubert LAGIER
Hygrothermal Engineering
of Structures
Windows and Glazing
Jean-Marie FRANCO
Fire Reaction Studies
and Tests
Stéphane HAMEURY
Coralie NGUYEN
EvalIE
Hydraulics
and Sanitary
Equipment
Pipes for Fluids, Materials
Tapware and Sanitaryware
Thibaud ROUSSELLE
Processes – Services – Systems
Expertise, Regulatory
Assessments, Research
Philippe RIVILLON
Mechanical and Fire Resistance
Anca CRONOPOL
Promoting Innovative
Technologies
The CSTB Carnot Institute contains those CSTB teams involved in R&D
and the promotion of research results. It fosters and facilitates innovation
for all construction sector stakeholders through the use of its laboratories
and extensive research facilities to improve building quality and safety.
47
2014 KEY FIGURES
EMPLOYEES
2014 OPERATING INCOME
at December 31, 2014 (excluding subsidiaries)
(excluding subsidiaries)
Forecast ex VAT 2014
633
25
Champs-Bienvenüe
12
Paris
919
EMPLOYEES
€45.3m
€
Champs-sur-Marne
73
Technology-related
activities
€22.4m
Contract Research
and Expertise
€14.8m
Research grants
€3m
Capitalized
production
99
Grenoble
99
Nantes
77
€5.5m
Dissemination
of knowledge
€8m
MILLION €
Sophia-Antipolis
Other income
THE CSTB NETWORKS WITH
428
experts from
specialist groups
Around
1,000
researchers
178
authors
and external trainers
3,600
7,600
of its research, expertise
and assessment activities
of its knowledge
dissemination service
clients
clients
48
TECHNOLOGY-RELATED ACTIVITIES
AVERAGE
TECHNICAL
APPROVAL
PROCEDURE LEAD
TIME IN 2014:
9 MONTHS
INCLUDING
183
26
92
6
773
TECHNICAL APPROVALS
AND TECHNICAL APPLICATION
DOCUMENTS (DTAS) PUBLISHED 1
1. All types: New, Revisions, Addenda,
Commercial Extensions and Amendments
(excluding amendments extending expiration dates)
In-house research projects
76
188
57
Scientific publications
European Technical Assessments (ETA)
Technical Experimentation Assessments (ATEx)
Pass'Innovation fast-track assessments
PRODUCT CERTIFICATION:
4,562
1,620
Active certificates
Certification holders (49% outside France)
CE MARK CERTIFICATION:
634
394
RESEARCH & EXPERTISE
16
6.6
New Technical Approvals / DTAs
Active certificates
CE mark holders (20% outside France)
105
In research funding under
the CARNOT partnership (in ¤m)
COLLABORATIVE
RESEARCH PROJECTS
Researchers (full-time equivalent)
PhD /Post-doctoral students
ADEME/ANR/Europe
DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE
27,000
SUBSCRIBERS
using the technical
and regulatory information services,
including 26,000 REEF users
119
60
15,500
80
49
Publications available
Publications available in digital form
Hours of training provided
Training modules (inc. 20 new modules)
SUBSIDIARIES
Controlling noise pollution through exploration,
proposition, measurement, calculation and protection
Acoustb is a French environmental, building and industrial
acoustics consulting firm established by the CSTB in
partnership with Egis. Its services cover every link in the
acoustic analysis chain, from a single facility or
infrastructure right through to acceptance of completed
noise and vibration pollution control projects.
The leading French environmental certification agency
for non-residential buildings, sustainable communities
and stakeholders
Its primary mission is to enable progress in sustainable
development, support stakeholders in identifying the
resources they need to deliver on their environmental
commitments, and measure, certify and promote their
performance. Certivéa helps reducing energy consumption
and improving health, comfort and quality of life.
Certifications awarded by Certivéa: NF HQE™ Bâtiments
Tertiaires for service industry buildings in construction,
renovation or operation, HQE™ Aménagement, HQE™
Infrastructures, NF Études thermiques, etc.
24, rue Joseph-Fourier | 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères
Tel.: +33 (0)4 76 03 72 20
www.egis-acoustb.fr
4, avenue du recteur Poincaré | 75016 Paris
Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 50 29 09
www.certivea.fr | www.certivea.com
Energy and environmental quality and performance
for private homes
Jointly owned by the CSTB group and the Qualitel
Association, Céquami leads the market in quality
certification, labeling and promotion for new-build and
refurbished homes. It is accredited by COFRAC, and delivers,
manages and develops structural certification schemes,
including NF and HQE™.
International HQE™ certification body owned jointly
by Certivéa and Cerqual
Cerway awards HQE™ certification worldwide for all types
of buildings under construction, in the process of renovation
or already in operation, as well as regional development
initiatives. Cerway is attentive to the needs of project
sponsors throughout the certification process, and provides
them with the full range of HQE™ expertise, and a network
of qualified HQE™ Certification Referent.
The training delivered by Cerway promotes progress
throughout the building construction and operation
industry, as well as in regional development.
4, avenue du recteur Poincaré | 75016 Paris
Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 96 52 50
www.cequami.fr
4, avenue du recteur Poincaré | 75016 Paris
Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 50 28 85
www.behqe.com
50
Aerodynamic studies and testing
Aérodynamique Eiffel uses the wind tunnel built by
Gustave Eiffel in 1912, and offers its expert services
to the automotive and construction industries to examine
ventilation flows in industrial buildings and aeraulic
applications.
Test laboratory and certification body
for solar photovoltaic modules
Certisolis performs qualification testing of solar
photovoltaic modules and certifies their performance
according to international standards by issuing an
accreditation label. Jointly owned by CSTB and LNE
(the French National Metrology and Testing Laboratory),
it operates under a scientific partnership with CEA/INES
on the Savoie Technolac site.
67, rue Boileau | 75016 Paris
Tel.: + 33 (0)1 42 88 47 40
www.aerodynamiqueeiffel.fr
BP 364 | 39, allée du Lac de Côme | 73372 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex
Tel.: + 33 (0)4 79 68 56 00
www.certisolis.com
Climate engineering certification
Jointly owned by ATITA, CETIAT, CSTB, Eurovent
Certification Company and LNE, Eurovent Certita
Certification is a leading European certification
organization for climate engineering. Its 35 certification
programs cover the full range of applications, from domestic
residential to industrial-scale installations.
48-50, rue de la Victoire | 75009 Paris
Tel.: +33 (0)1 75 44 71 71
www.eurovent-certification.com | www.certita.fr
51
SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY
AT THE CSTB
Launch of the first car share recharging terminal
at the CSTB Marne-la-Vallée in June 2014
of the business by improving infrastructures and individual
attitudes and habits. In practical terms, its effect will be to launch
a series of initiatives, such as building thermal insulation,
temperature regulation, boiler replacement, control of lighting
in washrooms, and raising employee awareness with the aim of
optimizing expenditure on energy. This certification is the
outcome of a resource optimization process introduced in
previous years; an area in which the CSTB is committed to leading
by example.
In accordance with its values of social responsibility and
customer satisfaction, quality of life in the workplace is a key
goal for the CSTB. In 2014, it implemented a series of crossfunctional initiatives that contribute to its development as an
efficient and socially responsible business.
Employee survey
The CSTB conducted its first employee survey in 2014. Employees
were surveyed anonymously on a range of topics, including inservice training, recruitment and working conditions. The results
were largely positive, particularly in terms of work/life balance,
recruitment, induction and adoption of CSTB values. Areas for
improvement were also identified, and practical initiatives to
improve team wellbeing and efficiency were put forward by
working groups. This survey will now be repeated annually.
Sustainable mobility
The CSTB has expanded its commitment to sustainable mobility
as part of improving its carbon balance. In 2014, 106 CSTB
employees had signed the cycling commitment charter, which
gives them a free mechanical inspection of their bikes every year.
Further evidence of the CSTB commitment to sustainable mobility
includes an awareness-raising morning event at its Nantes base
to coincide with the 2014 Mobility Challenge run by the city of
Nantes, and the award of eighth place to CSTB Grenoble in the
Mobility Challenge run by the Grenoble Regional Authority. In
another initiative at Marne-la-Vallée, the CSTB has entered into
partnership with MOPeasy, a company that has developed and
manages a car-sharing software package now being rolled out
across eastern Paris. More than 20 electric vehicles are now
available to CSTB employees and their visitors for short business
trips, and that number will grow to 80 by the end of 2015. The
first electric car recharging terminal was also opened at the CSTB
in June 2014. This new introduction encourages low-impact
mobility not only amongst CSTB employees, but also the residents
of Marne-la-Vallée, where public transportation is not always a
convenient or suitable match to travel needs.
Énergie Handicap
Disability-related initiatives continued in 2014 under the terms
of the government-approved company agreement (Direccte).
The Mission Handicap team rolled out an internal campaign to
raise employee awareness of different types of disability. In
addition to printing the brochure, events were also organized
to promote understanding of vision and hearing disabilities
(Dark Lab signing workshops) in June to coincide with Journée
5S1 , and again in November on Disability Day. The Mission
Handicap team is also committed to greater recognition of
disabled people through recruitment and induction. At the end
of 2014, disabled employees represented 4.62% of the workforce,
compared with 2.67% in 2012.
Generational succession contract
In accordance with new legal provisions (the generational
contract legislation introduced by the law of March 1, 2013) to
promote youth employment, the retention of senior employees
and the transfer of knowledge between the two groups, the CSTB
has prepared an action plan to address the issues involved. This
plan provides for the introduction of an induction pathway and
sponsorship system for new recruits. It also sets out a series of
commitments for introducing improved working conditions for
senior employees.
Quality Management
The CSTB renewed its ISO 9001 certification successfully in
January 2014. The attribution of the ISO 9001 standard
recognizes its dynamic commitment to organizational
improvement and rewards the work done by CSTB teams on a
daily basis. It also underlines the determination of the CSTB to
implement the Objectives and Performance Contract 2014-2017
to boost collective efficiency and maximize stakeholder
satisfaction internally and externally.
Energy management
The CSTB was awarded ISO 50 001 international energy
management certification in 2014. This certification forms part
of a wider commitment to boost the overall energy performance
1. Journée 5S: a one-day event held annually to bring all CSTB teams together to focus
on sustainable development and best practices for quality management.
52
PUBLISHED BY CSTB COMMUNICATION DIRECTION // DESIGN, PRODUCTION:
LES QUATRE LUNES
MAY 2015 // 1,000 COPIES // ISBN: 978-2-86891-630-3
PHOTO CREDITS >
COVER PAGE: RICHARD BONNET // P. 1 BERTRAND GARDEL, HEMIS.FR // P. 2, 3, 6, 7 RAPHAËL DAUTIGNY // P. 8 V. PAUL, AREMA //
P. 10 UNIVERSITY OF LA ROCHELLE – CAMILLE BOULICAULT // P. 11 T ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL, IÇTAS CONSTRUCTION, ASTALDI S.P.A, MICHEL VIRLOGEUX //
P. 12 J.-L. GIROD, DEVELOPER ROXIM // P. 16 SEMPARISEINE, FRANCK BADAIRE PHOTOGRAPHER // P. 18, 19 FERNANDO JAVIER URQUIJO, STUDIOMILOU ARCHITECTURE //
P. 20 FRENER & REIFER FASSADEN – MICHEL DENANCÉ // P. 21 INJECT-STYRÈNE DIFFUSION // P. 22 WIENERBERGER-POROTHERM // P. 23 NANICK GUIHODO —
CLAUDE CIEUTAT, LAFARGE PHOTO LIBRARY // P. 29, 36, 42 ARNAUD BOUISSOU MEDDE-MLETR // P. 31, 33 FOTOLIA // P. 39 FRÉDÉRIC PAILLET,
ARCHITECT: IVARS ET BALLET // P. 40 CITY OF CHANGÉ // P. 43 CSTB SOLAR // OTHER PHOTOS: CSTB
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO: LUC BENEVELLO, NICOLAS RICHEZ
PRINTED ON MUNCHEN LYNX ROUGH PAPER
Building the future
CSTB, the Scientific and Technical Center for Building, is a public organization for innovation in
building, which performs four key activities, namely research, expertise, evaluation and dissemination
of knowledge, organized to satisfy the challenges of the ecological and energy transition in the
world of construction. Its field of expertise covers construction products, buildings, and their
integration into districts and cities.
With over 900 employees and its subsidiaries and networks of national, European and international
partners, the CSTB offers its services to all parties involved in construction to improve the quality
and safety of buildings.
A member of the Carnot Institutes network since 2006, the CSTB supports
construction industry stakeholders in developing innovations that improve
building quality and safety. The prime mission of the CSTB Carnot Institute
is to transfer research outcomes to socioeconomic stakeholders.
HEAD OFFICE
84, AVENUE JEAN JAURÈS | CHAMPS-SUR-MARNE | 77447 MARNE-LA-VALLÉE CEDEX 2
TEL. ( 33 ) 01 64 68 82 82 | FAX ( 33 ) 01 60 05 70 37 | www.cstb.fr
CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU BÂTIMENT - SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CENTER FOR BUILDING
MARNE-LA-VALLÉE
PARIS
GRENOBLE
NANTES
SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS