TOLERANCE IN THE WORKPLACE: COURT EMPLOYEES v

Transcription

SCOTT WARRICK, JD, MLHR, SPHR
Human Resource Consulting,
Employment Law & Training Services
Presents
TOLERANCE IN THE WORKPLACE:
COURT EMPLOYEES
v.
OFFENDERS
SHRM’S 2003 Diversity Conference Highest Rated Speaker
SHRM’S 2006 Diversity Conference Speaker
October 16-18, 2006
Los Angeles, California
Scott Warrick, JD, MLHR, SPHR
(614) 367-0842: Office ♣ (614) 738-8317: Cell
www.scottwarrick.com
© 2006 G. Scott Warrick
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TOLERANCE IN THE WORKPLACE: COURT EMPLOYEES v. OFFENDERS
TOLERANCE IN THE WORKPLACE:
COURT EMPLOYEES v. OFFENDERS
by
DIVERSITY
“Diversity” is anything that makes you different.
HOWEVER…DIVERSITY IS RARELY THE PROBLEM.
The “Problem” Lies In…
TOLERANCE
“Tolerance” is not persecuting those who are different from you.
“Authoritarian” and “egocentric” systems practice “intolerance.”
“Tolerance” carries with it the understanding that “intolerance” and requiring conformity
breeds violence and social instability. “Tolerance” has thus become the term of choice to
define the practical rationale of permitting diversity. While people deemed undesirable may
be disapproved of, “tolerance” would require that the party or group in question be left
undisturbed, physically or otherwise, and that criticism directed toward them be free of
inflammatory or inciteful efforts.
BLUE EYES vs. BROWN EYES
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Where did Jane Elliott get the idea to use brown and blue eye color for her exercise in bigotry?
Nazi Josef Mengele developed a method by which he could change someone’s eye color from
brown to blue. Whenever Mengele found an “inferior” to have particular qualities or to be of
some value, he could change their eye color from brown to blue … allowing them to survive
since they would appear to be more Aryan.
Bigotry has NOTHING to do with intelligence.
BIGOTRY IS ABOUT POWER & IGNORANCE
Nazi Germany Had Some Of The Most
Enlightened And Intelligent People In History.
Are WE Tolerant?
Do We “PRE-JUDGE”
Prejudice is, as the name implies, the process of “pre-judging” something. It implies
coming to a judgment on a subject before learning where the preponderance of evidence
actually lies, or forming a judgment without direct experience.
“MSU” FILE
So…where do we get this data upon which we “pre-judge” others? We get it from our “MSA” file--“Make Stuff Up.” We all carry this “file” with us … and it is filled with stereotypes and myths.
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What Is Evil?
Does Evil Have A Face?
Can You Look At Someone And See That They Are Evil?
Is “Evil” In The Eye Of The Beholder?
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SKILL #1
What Is Bigotry? OBJECTIFICATION
“Bigotry” is the “objectification” of others (Viewing others as objects and not as human beings.).
What’s The Harm? Bigotry “Objectifies” People
♦ “Those offenders are trash”
♦ “All those people are scum”
♦ “They are nothing but animals”
Objectification:
When I can see you as an object and not as a human being…
“Always When You Say Always You Are Always Wrong”
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Across the Entire Population …
We know there are very real differences between people…
But where do the
Real Differences & Science
end and the
Stereotypes and Myths
begin?
Do Offenders KNOW
What You Think Of Them?
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
1.
Words Are The Least Important Part Of A Persuasive Message
Words are cheap. The words on this page are worthless unless someone takes
the time and effort to put these principles into practice. Therefore, words are of
absolutely no value unless they are reinforced by action.
Receivers of any communicated message believe the nonverbal aspect of
that message over the verbal portion being conveyed.
Nonverbals communicate that part of the message the sender least wants
to communicate.
Studies reveal that only seven percent of any message sent is believed by the words
one uses to convey the message. On the other hand, 38 percent of the believability
of the message is influenced by the tone or the inflections in the voice patterns used
by the sender, and 55 percent of the message is believed by the body language used
while the message is being sent. Therefore, only seven percent of any message is
"believed" by the words used by the sender, whereas 93 percent of the message is
influenced by the nonverbals the sender is using.
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2.
Practice Reading Nonverbals
To get a better understanding of just how much is being communicated about a
person by way of nonverbal communication, it is a good idea to just take the
time to go to a busy mall, sit by the fountain, and just watch the people who
pass by. Notice the way different people dress, the way they walk, the way
they talk, who they talk with, what stores they walk into, and so on. It is
amazing how much you can tell about a person based solely on this person's
nonverbal communication.
3.
What To Look At?
Nonverbal communication covers a vast range of individual "words." People
interpret nonverbals from numerous sources, such as other people's facial
expressions, the way they dress, the cars they drive, the condition of their
cars, the way they walk, the way they talk, how they fold their arms, the
way they move their eyebrows, the way they smile, the tone in their voices,
and the way they look at others, to mention a few. Usually, more than just
one nonverbal message is used to arrive at a given interpretation.
4.
Inflection and Tone
Perhaps the most revealing form of nonverbal communication is voice
inflection and tone. Many times, people are not placed on the defensive or
offended by what is said, but instead, the employee is offended by how
something is said. We must always be aware of the tone of our voice and
inflection we use with others.
5.
Being More Effective In Reading Nonverbals: Develop A Rapport
Since a great deal of interpreting nonverbal communication is subjective, it is
even more important for managers to build a rapport with their team members
to help everyone properly interpret each other's nonverbals. However, it is
important for managers to be cautious in reading too much into nonverbals with
people whom they are not all that familiar, especially with the more subtle
forms of nonverbal expressions. After a while, with practice and concentration,
most managers can become quite proficient in reading, as well as sending,
nonverbal messages.
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6.
You Can Use Nonverbals To Send More Effective Messages
Of course, once you become comfortable with interpreting nonverbals, they should
then use them to their own advantage. Looking attentive and smiling at others
when managers speak is important. Someone who looks like he is really listening
to another person will be seen as being much more approachable than the person who
constantly looks at his watch as he addresses others.
DIFFUSING v. ESCALATING SITUATIONS

Do We ESCALATE Bad Situations?

How Do We DIFFUSE Tense Or Potentially Tense Situations?
1.
What makes people angry?
2.
What happens to you physiologically when you get angry?
(FIGHT or FLIGHT?)
3.
What is your WORST customer service experience?
MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Self-Actualization
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
4.
WHAT ARE THE RULES?
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Is PRE-JUDGING People Dangerous?
Would You Trust These People Based On Their Looks?
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Is It Dangerous To TRUST These People?
ANSWERS
Jeffrey Dahmer
Albert DeSalvo: The Boston Strangler
Ted Bundy
Albert Fish: “Hannibal Lector”
Mark David Chapman
Charles Manson
John Wayne Gacy: “The Clown”
John Wayne Gacy…again
David Berkowitz: Son of Sam
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HOW WOULD YOU TREAT THESE PEOPLE … LIKE “SCUM”?
Former "Baywatch" star Yasmine Bleeth was arrested in September 2001 by Michigan
police and charged with cocaine possession.
Actor Nick Nolte was arrested by the California Highway Patrol on September 11, 2002
and charged with driving under the influence.
Michael Jackson, 45, was photographed by the Santa Barbara County Sheriff's office
following his November 2003 arrest for child molestation.
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“Godfather of Soul” James Brown, 70, was arrested in January 2004 and charged with domestic violence
after allegedly pushing his wife to the floor during an argument at the couple’s South Carolina home.
Noelle Bush, daughter of Florida Governor Jeb Bush, was arrested in January 2002 and charged with
trying to fill a fake prescription for Xanax. After entering a court-ordered drug treatment program, Bush
was rearrested in July 2002 when a counselor found her in possession of unauthorized pills. In October
2002, an Orlando judge ordered her back to jail for another violation of her treatment program.
Country singer Glen Campbell was arrested in November 2003 on drunk driving and hit and run
charges. The 67-year-old performer was arrested shortly after crashing his BMW into another car at a
Phoenix intersection. He fled the accident scene, but was arrested at his nearby home, where police
smelled alcohol on his breath and noted that Campbell looked “smashed.” After he was booked,
Campbell kneed a sergeant in the thigh--for which the country star was charged with an aggravated
assault on a police officer. Campbell posed for the bottom mug shot in July 2004 after checking into a
Phoenix lockup to serve the first of ten nights in jail.
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Or…SHOULD WE JUST TAKE CRIMINALS OUT AND SHOOT THEM?
If So…Who Will Make That Call…YOU?
Would These Criminals Be At Risk?
Civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks, 43, was photographed by Alabama cops
following her February 1956 arrest during the Montgomery bus boycotts.
Martin Luther King Jr., 27, was photographed by Alabama cops following his
February 1956 arrest during the Montgomery bus boycotts.
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As his stunned wife Coretta looks on, Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. is arrested for loitering in
Montgomery, Alabama during the bus boycott. (© Life Magazine)
Seated at the Woolworth's lunch counter in one of the first days of the Greensboro sit-ins are Ezell Blair
(now Jibreel Khazan), Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, and David Richmond. (© Associated Press)
“Civil Disobedience” was an essay written by noted philosopher Henry David Thoreau. Published in
1849 under the title "Resistance to Civil Government", it expressed Thoreau's dislike for the
establishment, slavery, the Mexican-American War, voting, and his desire for a Utopia on Earth.
Thoreau refused to pay his taxes, which supported the Mexican-American War and was jailed. His
theory of “Civil Disobedience” was the model used by both Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Jesus:
Revolutionary and Victim of Religious Persecution
FIRST…They ignore you, THEN…They laugh at you,
THEN…They fight you, THEN YOU WIN!
IF YOU PASS JUDGMENT ON OFFENDERS…
IF SO, WHY DO WE NEED THE COURTS?
IF SO, WHY DO WE NEED YOU?
DOES PREJUDGING OFFENDERS
MAKE YOUR JOB MORE DANGEROUS?
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Actually…
Do you REALLY know why your offenders are the way they
are?
Could there be something YOU DON’T KNOW?
SALEM WITCH TRIALS: 1692
In 1692, we had an infestation of witches here in America. Neighbors testified against their
neighbors that these witches had placed spells upon them. They testified that they saw their
“witch” neighbors flying around at night, floating over their beds, changing color, turning into
animals and doing many other magical “witch-like” things. They also testified that soon after
they saw these bewitching acts, these witnesses fell ill, which obviously means that the witch
put a spell on them to make them sick. It all made perfect sense.
By the time the hysteria had ended, 24 people had died. Nineteen were hanged on Gallows
Hill in Salem Town, while four died in prison.
Giles Corey, on the other hand, had the most gruesome tale of all. At first, he pleaded not
guilty to charges of witchcraft, but subsequently refused to stand trial. This refusal meant he
could not be convicted legally. However, his examiners chose to subject him to interrogation
by placing stone weights on his body. He survived this brutal torture for two days before
finally being crushed to death.
Years later, we know why really brought about these ridiculous accusations and executions:
RYE BREAD
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Ergot is a fungus (mold) that grows on rye bread, which was the staple of the Puritans’
diet. The problem lies in the fact that “ergot” is a hallucinogenic drug. Its victims can
appear bewitched when they’re actually stoned.
Ergot thrives in a cold winter followed by a wet spring. The victims of ergot might suffer
paranoia and hallucinations, twitches and spasms, cardiovascular trouble, and stillborn
children. Ergot also seriously weakens the immune system.
Perhaps…just perhaps, these Puritans who were accused of being witches were innocent.
However, emotions, ego, anger, ignorance and superstition won out over science.
Is that still true today?
Are we THAT different from the Salem Inquisitors?
DO YOU HUNT FOR WITCHES?
SKILL #2
Educate…Educate…Educate:
YOURSELF AND OTHERS
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COMMON UNDERSTANDING
DO YOU SEEK TO SEE THE OTHER PERSON’S POINT OF VIEW?
“FIRST Seek To Understand…
THEN Seek To Be Understood.”
~~Stephen Covey
Semmelweis Reflex
The “Semmelweis Reflex” is to dismiss or reject of any information, automatically, without thought,
inspection, or experiment. It also refers to the “mob” mentality that erupts from “groupthink” and a refusal
to consider another point of view.
What is your perspective? How do YOU see the situation … but more importantly, how do
OTHERS see the situation?
We are all influenced by our past experiences. We view the world through our eyes, which is fine
as long as everyone else in the world can look through your eyes and see the world the way you do.
This is called “perspective.” Stephen Covey refers to this phenomenon as your “paradigm,”
which, again, is how you view the world, your problems and your conflicts. Looking at a
situation from another perspective can often lead to a solution that benefits everyone.
For instance, in the 1840’s, Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian physician, was practicing
in the obstetrics ward as head of the Maternity Department of the Vienna General Hospital.
Dr. Semmelweis was bothered over the fact that the women delivering babies in his
Maternity Ward had a much higher instance of mortality (13.10%) from Puerperal Fever
(also known as “Childbed Fever”) that those women who had mid-wives assisting them in
their births at the Second Obstetrical Clinic portion of the hospital (2.02%). In July of 1846,
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Semmelweis noted that the women who delivered at Vienna General had a mortality rate
from Puerperal Fever of 13.10%.
As a result, by July of 1846, many women preferred to give birth to their children by a midwife at the Second Obstetrical Clinic portion of the hospital.
This perplexed Dr. Semmelweis. Both the hospital and the clinic were located in the same
hospital and used the same techniques. The only difference between the two parts of the
hospital were the individuals who worked there. The Maternity Department, which was run
by Dr. Semmelweis, used physicans and medical students, while the Clinic, started in 1839,
was used to instruct midwives.
However, in 1947, one of Dr. Semmelweis’ friends and colleagues, Dr. Jacob
Kolletschka, died from an infection he contracted after his finger was accidentally
punctured with a knife during a postmortem examination. Kolletschka’s autopsy showed
a pathological situation similar to those women who were dying from Puerperal Fever.
Semmelweis immediately theorized that there was a connection between examining
cadavers and Puerperal Fever. He then made a detailed study of the mortality statistics of
both obstetrical clinics. He concluded that he and the students carried the infecting
particles on their hands from the autopsy room to the patients they examined in the First
Obstetrical Clinic, or the Maternity Department. The doctors, on their schedules, went
directly from the morgue to the obstetrics ward without washing their hands.
Thus, Semmelweis concluded that some unknown “cadaveric material” caused childbed
fever, even though the theory of germ disease had not yet been developed at the time. His
observations led him to conclude that it was a matter of cleanliness. He instituted a
policy of using a solution of chlorinated lime for washing hands between autopsy work
and the examination of patients. As a result, the mortality rate in the Maternity
Department dropped to 2.38%, comparable to the Clinic’s.
However, when Semmelweis presented his findings to his fellow doctors, they discounted
his theory, unable to believe in what they could not see. It was also “argued” that even if
his findings were correct, washing one’s hands each time before treating a pregnant
woman, as Semmelweis advised, would be too much work. In the end, the truth also
came out that these physicians did not want to admit that THEY were in fact responsible
for causing so many deaths. Dr. Semmelweis was later terminated from his employment
at the Vienna General Hospital.
In 1861, Semmelweis finally published his discovery in a book, Die Ätiologie, der Begriff
und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers. A number of unfavorable foreign reviews of the
book prompted Semmelweis to lash out against his critics in series of open letters written
in 1861-1862, which did little to advance his ideas. At a conference of German
physicians and natural scientists, most of the speakers rejected his doctrine and portrayed
him as a fool.
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The establishment’s failure to recognize his findings earlier led to the tragic and unnecessary
death of thousands of young mothers.
It wasn’t until the 1880’s and the work of Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister that the truth of
germs finally surfaced and was accepted by the scientific community. Semmelweis is now
regaled as a pioneer of antiseptic policy and the prevention of nosocomial infection, as well as
a medical pioneer and a visionary physician. However, this recognition and acceptance only
came years after he was driven insane for his discoveries.
By 1865, Semmelweis, broke and unemployed, suffered a nervous breakdown. He was then
committed to an insane asylum where he ironically died within two weeks after his arrival on
August 13, 1865 of blood poisoning.
What happened to Dr. Semmelweis is a very common problem:
Dr. Semmelweis looked at the mortality problem of his patients from one perspective, but the
rest of the medical establishment looked at this situation from a very different perspective …
based largely upon the egocentric self interests of Dr. Semmelweis’ colleagues.
1860’s
How Semmelweis Saw The Situation
How OTHERS Saw The Situation
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1880’s After The Discovery of Germs
How Semmelweis Saw The Situation
How OTHERS NOW SEE The Situation
Common
Perspective
As perspective broadens, so does cooperation and acceptance…and win-win situations.
Therefore, in order to build perspective, one must FIRST SEEK TO UNDERSTAND the
perspective of the other person. More than likely, your perspective is VERY different from
the other person’s.
Is This A Young Woman Or An Old One?
Do YOU Ask Before You Form An Opinion…
Or Do You INSTANTLY ASSUME YOU KNOW EVERYTHING?
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THE BRAIN
If your leg is broken, should you set the leg, then start physical therapy…
or should you just go ahead and start physical therapy with the broken leg?
BRAIN FACTS:
Your brain is involved in EVERYTHING you do. So, when your brain works right…YOU
work right. However, when your brain DOES NOT physically work right…YOU DO NOT
WORK RIGHT.
It determines HOW you think, feel, act and interact with others.
It determines WHO you are as a parent, friend, child and human.
Your brain comprises about 2% of your body’s weight, but it uses 20%-30% of the calories you
burn.
The brain is fragile. It is the consistency of “soft butter.”
The brain is the most complex organ in the entire universe. It is made up of over 100 billion
nerve cells…and each cell is surrounded by trillions of supportive “glial” nerve cells…and each
of these nerve cells is surrounded by over 20,000 individual connections…
This means there are over 1,000,000,000,000,000 nerve connections in the brain.
What Is “SPECT” Imaging?
What is SPECT? It is an acronym for Single Photon Emission Computerized
Tomography. It is a sophisticated nuclear medicine study that looks directly at cerebral
blood flow and indirectly at brain activity (or metabolism). In a SPECT study, a small
dose of a radioactive isotope is injected into the patient’s blood, which is then absorbed
into the brain.
The patient then lies on a table for 14-16 minutes while a SPECT “gamma” camera
rotates slowly around his head. The camera has special crystals that detect where the
compound (signaled by the radioisotope acting like a beacon of light in the brain) has
gone. A supercomputer then reconstructs 3-D images of brain activity levels. The
elegant brain snapshots that result offer a sophisticated blood flow/metabolism brain map.
With these maps, physicians have been able to identify certain patterns of brain activity
that correlate with psychiatric and neurological illnesses.
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TOLERANCE IN THE WORKPLACE: Understanding & Working With People With Disabilities
The brain SPECT studies of today, with their higher resolution, can see into the deeper
areas of the brain with far greater clarity and show what CAT scans and MRIs cannot –
how the brain actually functions.
In short, a SPECT Scan looks at brain blood flow and brain activity in order to determine
which areas of the brain:

Work well

Do not work hard enough and

Work too hard
SPECT Imaging can therefore pinpoint exactly where the problems are in the brain without
guessing. Since we know certain parts of the brain control certain functions, psychiatrists can
more easily diagnosis what conditions an individual has and thus help prescribe treatment.
Dr. Daniel G. Amen, MD
Founder and CEO of Amen Clinics, Inc.
For more information on brain SPECT scans, go to www.amenclinic.com.
For more SPECT scans, go to www.brainplace.com.
The Amen Clinic is the foremost pioneer in this area of nuclear medicine. The Amen
Clinic’s database of SPECT brain scans in the largest in the world.
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What Does A “Normal” Brain Look Like?
SURFACE BLOOD FLOW SCANS
(FOREHEAD)
(BASE OF HEAD)
TOP SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW
UNDER SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW
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LEFT SIDE VIEW BLOOD FLOW SCAN
These are three “surface” SPECT scans indicating blood flow to the brain. The one on the left is
looking down on the brain with the forehead at the bottom of the picture. The one on the right is a
view looking up into the brain… like as if you were looking at someone lying down in bed up
through the bottom of their chin. The third scan is from the left side of the person’s head.
This is how blood flow in a brain SHOULD look. Notice how full these scans look. The top view is
rounded and full looking. The one on the right is also full and reveals the natural curvatures of the
brain.
From a VERY basic perspective, looking at “blood flow” SPECT images tells us the degree of
“cognitive” ability in the brain. If blood flow is reduced into certain areas of the brain, as revealed
by these blood flow scans, then problems arise in one’s reasoning ability, decision making and so on.
Where there is reduced blood flow, the brain looks like it has “holes” in it. There are not really holes
in the brain, in most cases. The image simply reveals a lessened degree of blood flow, so reduced
ability to reason will be the results.
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ACTIVITY SCANS
(BASE OF HEAD)
TOP VIEW ACTIVITY SCAN
UNDERVIEW ACTIVITY SCAN
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LEFT SIDE VIEW ACTIVITY SCAN
These are three “activity” SPECT Scans indicating metabolic activity in the brain. The one on the
left is looking down on the brain with the forehead at the bottom of the picture. The one on the right
is a view looking up into the brain… like as if you were looking at someone lying down in bed up
through the bottom of their chin. The third scan is from the left side of the person’s head.
These scans show how a “normal” brain’s activity level SHOULD look at rest. The darkened areas,
or “red” spots, are 15% “hotter.”
These scans show a nice “cool” blue or gray color. The back of the head is “lit up” in red. This is
the cerebellum. The cerebellum integrates information from the brain that indicates your position
and movement and uses this information to coordinate limb movements. This area is a hotter area
since your body movements and coordination is constantly “running.”
“Metabolic Activity Scans” differ from “Blood Flow” scans. In Activity Scans, we are looking at
how “irritated” the brain is in certain areas. In a “normal” Activity Scan, the base of the skull (back
of the head) should be glowing “red,” which means this part of the brain is running about 15%
hotter. Since the cerebellum, or back of the head, runs our coordination and many of our
“automatic” functions, you want this portion to be “running” all the time. How
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Do YOU Have A “Normal” Brain?
Dr. Amen has offered to give a “FREE SPECT SCAN” To
Anyone Who Thinks They Have A “NORMAL” Brain.
So far, only
24 brains out of 600
have been found to Be “NORMAL.”
PSYCHIATRISTS
Are The ONLY Medical Professionals
Who Typically NEVER SEE The Organ They Are TREATING
How Do We Diagnose Mental Disorders?
Psychiatrists Listen To The Patients’ Symptoms…
THEN GUESS!
Eventually…Maybe…We’ll GUESS RIGHT!
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FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN
In order to understand the brain, one must understand how it works. In short, there are 5
major brain systems that relate to behavior.
The Frontal Lobes
The frontal lobes control such functions as decision making, judgment,
organization, etc. Commonly, these functions are referred to as “Executive
Functions.” This is the part of the brain that makes us human. It comprises 30%
of the human brain. In short, the frontal lobes determines our…
FUNCTIONS
PROBLEMS
attention span
perseverance
judgment
impulse control
organization
self-monitoring and supervision
problem solving
critical thinking
forward thinking
learning from experience
ability to feel and express emotions
influences the limbic system
empathy
short attention span
distractibility
lack of perseverance
impulse control problems
hyperactivity
chronic lateness, poor time management
disorganization
procrastination
unavailability of emotions
misperceptions
poor judgment
trouble learning from experience
short term memory problems
social and test anxiety
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The Anterior Cingular Gyrus
(The “Stick Shift”)
(FOREHEAD is at the TOP of the Scan)
LEFT SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
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FRONT FOREHEAD VIEW
FUNCTIONS
PROBLEMS
allows shifting of attention
cognitive flexibility
adaptability
helps the mind move from idea to idea
gives the ability to see options
helps you go with the flow
cooperation
worrying
holds onto hurts from the past
stuck on thoughts (obsessions)
stuck on behaviors (compulsions)
oppositional behavior, argumentative
uncooperative, tendency to say no
addictive behaviors
(substance abuse, eating disorders, chronic pain)
cognitive inflexibility
obsessive compulsive disorder
OCD spectrum disorders
eating disorders, road rage
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PMS!
(FOREHEAD is at the BOTTOM of the Scan)
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The Temporal Lobes (“Sideburns”)
Dominate Side (usually left)
Non-Dominate Side (usually right)
understanding and processing language
intermediate term memory
long term memory
auditory learning
retrieval of words
complex memories
visual and auditory processing
recognizing facial expression
decoding vocal intonation
rhythm
music
visual learning
emotional stability
PROBLEMS
Dominate Side (usually left)
Non-Dominate Side (usually right)
aggression, internally or externally driven
dark or violent thoughts
sensitivity to slights, mild paranoia
word finding problems
auditory processing problems
reading difficulties
emotional instability
difficulty recognizing facial expression
difficulty decoding vocal intonation
implicated in social skill struggles
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PROBLEMS
Either One or Both Temporal Lobes
memory problems, amnesia
headaches or abdominal pain without a clear explanation
anxiety or fear for no particular reason
abnormal sensory perceptions, visual or auditory distortions
feelings of déjà vu or jamais vu
periods of spaciness or confusion
religious or moral preoccupation
hypergraphia, excessive writing
seizures
SIDE SURFACE SHOT VIEW OF HEALTHY BLOOD FLOW TO
A LEFT TEMPORAL LOBE
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The Basal Ganglia System
Left Side Activity Shot
Underside Activity Shot
(FOREHEAD at top of scan)
LEFT BASAL GANGLIA
AWARENESS OF OUTSIDE WORLD
RIGHT BASAL GANGLIA
AWARENESS OF SELF
FUNCTIONS
PROBLEMS
integrates feeling and movement
shifts and smoothes fine motor behavior
suppression of unwanted motor behaviors
sets the body's idle or anxiety level
enhances motivation
pleasure/ecstasy
anxiety, nervousness
panic attacks
physical sensations of anxiety
tendency to predict the worst
conflict avoidance
Gilles de la Tourette’s Syndrome/tics
muscle tension, soreness
tremors
fine motor problems
headaches
low or excessive motivation
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The Deep Limbic System
Underside Activity Shot
(FOREHEAD at top of scan)
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The Deep Limbic System
FUNCTIONS
PROBLEMS
sets the emotional tone of the mind
depression
filters external events with internal perspective
(emotional coloring)
tags events as internally important
stores highly charged emotional memories
modulates motivation
controls appetite and sleep cycles
promotes bonding
responsiveness
directly processes the sense of smell
modulates libido
moodiness, irritability, clinical
increased negative thinking
perceive events in a negative way
decreased motivation
flood of negative emotions
appetite and sleep problems
decreased or increased sexual
social isolation
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Are These The Faces Of Depression?
Abraham Lincoln
Edgar Allen Poe
Ernest Hemingway
Drew Carey
No…This is…
“Normal” Brain
Brain With Depression
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DEPRESSION and SUICIDE At The Post Office
In 1999, George Kruest, a carrier for the United States Postal Service, suffered a head and neck
injury when he tripped while delivering mail. Afterwards, he was assigned to limited duties that
included stuffing envelopes for the "stamps by mail" program, running errands and doing
payroll for contract workers.
Postal worker George Kruest kept a notebook in his office locker that apparently chronicled
abusive comments made to him by his co-workers, such as
"Is this a job you can handle?" and
"Why don’t you go out back and shoot yourself?"
Eleven affidavits were presented from co-workers who said they heard others make disparaging
comments toward Kruest. Managers and co-workers called him “lazy” and “worthless” and
said he was “faking injury.”
Kruest became depressed due to this verbal abuse. In 2002, he finally committed suicide,
shooting himself with a revolver. The note he left for his family said: "I no longer can live with
myself hurting and having my mind so confused."
A federal workers’ compensation investigation has concluded Kruest's suicide was directly linked
to work-related depression, the result of hostile comments made by managers and co-workers at the
main Pueblo post office. A hearing officer concluded that overwhelming evidence indicated
workers and managers ‘‘heaped abuse on the rehab workers.’’
George Kruest, who had served in the Air Force, sought help through the postal Employee
Assistance Program, saw psychologists and sought treatment from the VA. In July 2002, a VA
counselor wrote Kruest ‘‘often feels like he does not want to go on with his life anymore.’’
Patricia Kruest, 50, said the Postal Service mistreats its injured workers.
‘‘They have never acted responsibly, and they probably never will,’’ she said.
The U.S. Labor Department, who oversees the workers’ compensation system for federal
employees, awarded his widow $15,000 annually, or about 45 percent of her husband's salary.
At the time of his death, Kruest had worked for the Postal Service nearly 20 years.
The Postal Service disputes the October ruling, but cannot appeal. Postal Service spokesman,
Al DeSarro, said that the Postal Service does not believe it “contributed in any way to his
unfortunate death."
39
Are These The Faces Of ADD?
Alexander Graham Bell
General George Patton
Louis Pasteur
Winston Churchill
President Woodrow Wilson
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
40
ADD
REST
CONCENTRATION
CONCENTRATION WITH ADDERALL
41
ADD
Before & After Treatment with Adderall
Before & After Treatment with Ritalin
42
DEPRESSION & ADD
UNDERSIDE SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW (CONCENTRATION)
Notice the marked decreased prefrontal and temporal lobe activity
UNDERSIDE ACTIVITY SCAN (“FEELINGS”)
Notice Increased Activity In Deep Limbic Area: It is “IRRITATED”
Cindy is a 17 year old who presented with symptoms of depression, suicidal thoughts and
severe irritability. Serotonergic medications (i.e., Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac, Luvox, etc.)
increased her irritability, depression and suicidal thoughts. Her SPECT study showed
marked decreased activity in the left temporal lobe and frontal lobes. She responded
positively to a combination of Lamictal and Wellbutrin and psychotherapy.
43
DEPRESSION & ADD
UNDERSIDE SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW (CONCENTRATION)
Notice the marked decreased prefrontal and temporal lobe activity
UNDERSIDE ACTIVITY SCAN (“FEELINGS”)
Notice Increased Activity In Deep Limbic Area: It is “IRRITATED”
Summer is an 18 year old female who came for evaluation after an overdose of pills combined
with alcohol in a suicide attempt. She had four prior suicide attempts along with a history of
drug abuse, run away behavior, aggressive outbursts and school failure. Her SPECT study
showed marked decreased activity in the left temporal lobe and frontal lobes bilaterally. She
responded positively to a combination of Tegretol and desipramine and psychotherapy.
44
Are These The Faces Of Alzheimer's?
Burgess Meredith
Charlton Heston
Charles Bronson
Jonathan Swift
Norman Rockwell
Jack Lord
45
No…This is…
Surface Blood Flow Scans of Brains With Alzheimer's
UNDERVIEW
TOP DOWN VIEW
(FOREHEAD IS AT THE TOP OF THE SCAN)
46
Are These The Faces Of SCHIZOPHRENIA?
John Nash
“A Beautiful Mind”
Mary Todd Lincoln
No…This is…
Before and After Risperdal
TOP VIEW BEFORE TREATMENT
TOP VIEW AFTER TREATMENT
47
PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
TOP VIEW BEFORE TREATMENT
TOP VIEW AFTER TREATMENT
UNDERSIDE VIEW BEFORE TREATMENT
UNDERSIDE VIEW AFTER TREATMENT
A 35-year-old man who had been living on the street was brought for evaluation by his mother. He
had previously been diagnosed on many occasions with paranoid schizophrenia, but refused
medication. His SPECT study revealed marked overall decreased activity throughout the cerebral
cortex. Being able to see his own brain activity, represented by the 3D surface SPECT study, was
helpful for him. He agreed to take his medication under his mother’s supervision. One month
later, after significant clinical improvement on 4 mg of Risperidal a repeat SPECT study was
performed which showed improved overall cerebral perfusion. Being able to see the before and
after SPECT studies side by side on the imaging computer monitor again was very encouraging to
the patient and helped significantly with compliance.
48
PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
Before and After Risperdal
LEFT SIDE SURFACE SCAN
FRONT SURFACE SCAN
49
Are These The Faces Of Bi-Polar Disorder?
Linda Hamilton
Jonathan Winters
Mariette Hartley
Vivian Leigh
Axl Rose
Ben Stiller
50
BI-POLAR
TOP SURFACE ACTIVITY VIEW
(FOREHEAD at TOP of SCAN)
Carrie was a second year college student when she first began having problems. She would go
days without sleeping. She began having trouble concentrating in school and stopped going to
classes. She started having sexual relationships with 4 different men and she spent all of the
money she had for the school year in three months. When her parents discovered the problems
they brought her in for evaluation. Carrie did not feel that anything was wrong. She felt that she
had just made several poor decisions, like anyone her age. Her parents felt things were not the
same. She had always been a thoughtful, responsible person prior to the last several months. A
scan was ordered to help evaluate the clinical situation. It revealed marked patchy uptake
throughout the cortex.
Lithium was very helpful for Carrie and she was able to return to school the next semester.
51
Are These The Faces Of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
Howie Mandel
Charles Darwin
Florence Nightingale
Donny Osmond
52
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDERS
(OCD)
FRONT ON ACTIVITY VIEW
LEFT SIDE ACTIVITY VIEW
TOP DOWN ACTIVITY VIEW
(FOREHEAD at TOP)
53
Road Rage
28 year old female who has become aggressive while driving on many occasions.
Marked increased Cingular Gyrus and left lateral temporal lobe activity
37 year old male attorney who, on several occasions, chased other drivers who had cut him off
and on two occasions got out of the car and bashed their windows in with a baseball bat he kept
in the car. After the second incident, he came to see me. He said, “If I don’t get help for this
I’m sure I’ll end up in jail.” His Cingulate Gyrus was markedly overactive, causing him to get
locked into the negative thoughts and subsequently be less able to control his frustration. His
SPECT scan shows: marked increased activity in the Cingulate Gyrus and left temporal lobe
(arrows), which correlates with irritability and overfocus issues.
54
Pathological Gambling
TOP DOWN ACTIVITY VIEW
FRONT ON ACTIVITY VIEW
Adam’s wife left him. His gambling had gotten out of control. In the past few years, he began
neglecting his business spending more of his time at the racetrack and driving back and forth to the
casinos in Reno and Lake Tahoe. “I feel compelled to gamble. I know it is ruining my life, but it
seems I have to place a bet or the tension just builds and builds. It is all I think about!” Adam’s
SPECT study showed heavy increased cingulate activity. Explaining the cingulate system to
Adam was helpful. He could identify many people in his family who had problems shifting
attention.”
“You should see our family gatherings,” he said. “Someone is always mad at someone else.
People in my family can hold grudges for years and years.”
In addition to going to Gamblers Anonymous and being seen in psychotherapy, Dr. Amen
prescribed a small dose of Prozac for him to help him shift away from the obsessive thoughts
about gambling. Eventually, he was able to reconnect with his wife and rebuild his business.
55
Post Tramatic Stress Disorder, Depression and Anxiety
Before and After St. John’s Wort and EMDR
UNDERSIDE ACTIVITY VIEW (Forehead is at TOP of Scan)
Linda, 26 years old, had a history of two prior violent rapes, one at age 15 and the other at age 22, a
physically abusive love relationship, along with experiencing the deaths of eight friends (age 14-16).
Her symptoms were depression, anxiety, worry and drug use. Her baseline SPECT study showed
marked overactivity in the cingulate (problems shifting attention), basal ganglia (anxiety) and limbic
areas (depression and mood dyscontrol). After four psychotherapy sessions with EMDR (a specific
treatment technique for traumatic events) and one month of St. John's Wort (900 milligrams a day)
Linda felt significantly better. When her SPECT study was repeated, there was marked normalization
of activity in all 3 areas.
56
OHIO SUPREME COURT REJECTS
“PURE PSYCHOLOGICAL” INJURIES
In McCrone v. Bank One Corp. (2005) 107 Ohio St.3d 272, Kimberly McCrone was an
employee of Bank One from 1998 to 2001. Throughout this period of time, the branch
where she worked robbed twice. The first time the bank was robbed, on December 20,
2000, Ms. McCrone was working in the bank, but she was not the teller actually
involved with the robbery. After this first robbery, she was able to return to work
without any lingering affects.
However, on August 4, 2001, Ms. McCrone was working as a teller when her branch
was robbed a second time. Ms. McCrone was diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder, or “PTSD,” and was not able to return to work afterwards.
McCrone then filed a Workers’ Compensation Claim for her PTSD, but her application
was denied by the Industrial Commission on the grounds that she had not suffered a
physical injury in either of these robberies. The Industrial Commission held that Ms.
McCrone could not receive benefits for a pure psychological or psychiatric condition
under the Ohio Revised Code §4123.01(C)(1). That section specifically excluded
purely psychological or psychiatric conditions from the definition of “injury” unless
there was also a physical injury involved.
McCrone then appealed to the courts. Ms. McCrone challenged ORC §4123.01(C)(1) on
constitutional grounds under both the Untied States Constitution and Ohio’s
Constitution.
However, in Ms. McCrone’s case, no physical injury existed to either herself or any other
Bank One employee.
The court then looked at the entire definition of the term “injury” in R.C.
4123.01(C). The court reasoned that the term “’Injury’ includes any injury,
whether caused by external accidental means or accidental in character and result,
received in the course of, and arising out of, the injured employee’s employment.
‘Injury’ does not include: (1) Psychiatric conditions except where the
conditions have arisen from an injury or occupational disease.”
57
Are These The Faces Of Asperger’s Autism?
Bill Gates
Al Gore
Sir Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
President Thomas Jefferson
Mark Twain
58
Asperger’s Syndrome
Before and One Year After Zyprexa
TOP SIDE ACTIVITY VIEW
(FOREHEAD at TOP)
Tim, age 12, was diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome. He had problems with repetitive behaviors and
very poor social skills. In addition, he was rigid in his thinking and had frequent outbursts of temper. His
baseline SPECT study revealed marked increased patchy uptake throughout his cerebral cortex. Zyprexa
had an overall calming effect on his brain and significantly improved his temper and cognitive inflexibility.
“Napoleon Dynamite”
59
Suicidal, Rage: Before and After Anafranil
Bob, a 48 year old married system analyst, came to see Dr. Amen because he had problems with
holding grudges, “getting stuck” into loops of negative thinking patterns, obsessive thoughts,
moodiness, irritability, periodic intense suicidal thoughts and problems with anger control.
“I am the anger broker of the valley,” he reported during the initial session. His wife also reported
episodes where Bob would often become upset about something, be unable to shift away from the
thoughts which were upsetting him, lose control and exhibit aggressive behavior such as breaking
furniture or putting holes in the walls. Bob had a childhood history of oppositional behavior (by the
report of his mother). As part of his evaluation, a brain SPECT study was done which showed
marked increased uptake in his cingulate gyrus. Dr. Amen started him on Anafranil (clomipramine),
which has been used in patients with obsessive thinking. Over two months of treatment the dose of
Anafranil was increased to 225 mg. a day. Bob and his family noted a marked positive response.
He was less irritable, markedly less aggressive, more flexible and happier. He reported that he was
more effective in interpersonal relationships, especially with his children.
After three years of continued clinical improvement on the same dose of clomipramine (2 brief trials
at lowering the dosage caused a resumption of symptoms) a follow up brain SPECT study was
ordered to evaluate brain activity subsequent to treatment. The follow up SPECT study revealed a
marked normalization of brain activity.
BOB’S UNDERSIDE BLOOD FLOW VIEW:
NO MEDS
BOB’S UNDERSIDE BLOOD FLOW VIEW:
ON MEDS
60
BOB’S TOPSIDE ACTIVITY VIEW:
NO MEDS
BOB’S TOPSIDE ACTIVITY VIEW:
ON MEDS
Anger and ADD
Before & After Treatment with Depakote and Adderall
UNDERSIDE SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW
61
FRONT SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW
Mark, a 52 year old married accountant, sought help for problems with concentration,
focus, follow through and severe temper problems. He had become physically
aggressive on several occasions with his wife. He tended to take things in a negative
way and struggled with his memory. Often, for little reason, he would explode and then
feel very guilty about his behavior a short while later. He had longstanding school
problems, despite getting an MBA degree.
After his initial evaluation he was diagnosed with attention deficit disorder and a SPECT
was ordered to rule out temporal lobe dysfunction. The SPECT study showed marked
overall decreased activity, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes. He was placed
on a combination of Adderall (for ADD) and Depakote (for temper). He had a very
positive response to medication. He and his wife reported that he was more focused,
better able to follow through on tasks, less irritable and in much better control of his
temper. After three years of continued clinical improvement on the same dose of
Depakote and Adderall a follow up brain SPECT study was ordered to evaluate brain
activity subsequent to treatment. The follow up SPECT study revealed a marked
normalization of brain activity.
62
JEEP PLANT: TOLEDO OHIO
On Thursday, January 27, 2005. Meyers, 54, an employee at the Jeep plant in Toledo, Ohio, shot three
co-workers, one fatally, inside the plant Wednesday night, then fatally shot himself in the head.
Could This Tragedy Been Prevented?
ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE
Marijuana
18 yr. old:
3 year history of 4 x week use
16 yr. old:
2 year history of daily abuse
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38 yr. old:
12 years of daily use
28 yr. old:
10 years of mostly weekend use
Heroin & Methadone
39 yr. old:
25 year history of frequent heroin use
40 yr. old:
7 years on methodone
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Cocaine & Methamphetamine
52 yr. old:
28 yr. history of frequent methodone use
28 yr. old:
8 yr. history of frequent methodone use
24 yr. old:
2 years of frequent cocaine use
36 yr. old:
10 years of frequent methodone use
65
Alcohol
38 yr. old: 17 years of heavy weekend use
TOP SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW UNDER SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW
FRONT SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW
RIGHT SIDE SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW
66
Alcohol
44 yr. old: 18 yrs. of daily use of alcohol
45 yr. old: 25 years of daily alcohol use
Heavy Nicotine & Caffeine Abuse
45 y/o -- 27 year history of heavy use: 3 packs of cigarettes and 3 pots of coffee daily
67
“SEVEN YEARS INTO NIGHT”
Are These “Normal” Brains?
68
BLOOD FLOW AT REST
BLOOD FLOW WITH CONCENTRATION
BLOOD FLOW AT REST
BLOOD FLOW WITH CONCENTRATION
69
METABOLISM AT REST
METABOLISM WITH CONCENTRATION
UNDERSIDE VIEW
70
METABOLISM AT REST
METABOLISM WITH CONCENTRATION
TOP DOWN VIEW
71
VIOLENCE
John, a right-handed 79-year-old contractor, had a longstanding history of alcohol abuse and
violent behavior. He had frequently physically abused his wife over 40 years of marriage and
had been abusive to the children when they were living at home. Almost all of the abuse
occurred when he was intoxicated. At age 79, John underwent open-heart surgery. After the
surgery he had a psychotic episode, lasting 10 days. His doctor ordered a SPECT study as
part of his evaluation. The study showed marked decreased activity in the left outside frontaltemporal region, a finding most likely due to a past head injury. When the doctor asked John
if he had ever had any significant head injuries, John told him about a time when he was 20years-old. While driving an old milk truck, that was missing its side rear mirror, he put his
head out of the window to look behind him. His head struck a pole, knocking him
unconscious for several hours. After the head injury he had more problems with his temper
and memory. There was a family history of alcohol abuse in 4 of his 5 brothers. None of his
brothers had problems with aggressive behavior.
RIGHT SIDE SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW
Given the location of the brain abnormalities (left frontal-temporal dysfunction) he was more
likely to exhibit violent behavior. The alcohol abuse, which did not elicit violent behavior in
his brothers, did in him. Knowing this information earlier might well have been useful in
obtaining help for his problems.
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VIOLENCE
Bradley was diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and left temporal lobe
dysfunction (diagnosed by EEG) at the age of 14. Before then (from grades 1-8) he had been expelled
from 11 schools for fighting, frequently cut school and had already started drinking alcohol and using
marijuana. He had a positive response to Ritalin. He improved three grade levels of reading within
the next year, attended school regularly and had no aggressive outbursts. However, Bradley had a
negative emotional response to taking medication. Two years after starting his medication he decided
to stop it on his own without telling anyone. His anger escalated. One night his uncle came to his
home and asked Bradley to help him “rob some bitches.” Bradley went with his uncle who forced a
woman into her car, made her go to her ATM and withdraw money. The uncle and Bradley then raped
the woman twice. He was arrested two weeks later and charged with kidnapping, robbery and raped.
As the psychiatric forensic consultant I ordered a series of brain SPECT studies: the rest study showed
mild decreased activity in the left frontal lobes and the left temporal lobe. While performing a
concentration task there was marked suppression of the frontal lobes, a finding commonly found in
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and both temporal lobes. A third scan was done 1 hour after
taking 15 mg. of methylphenidate. This scan showed marked activation in the frontal lobes and both
temporal lobes, although there was still some mild deactivation in the left temporal lobe. After
understanding the history and reviewing the scan data it was apparent that Bradley already had a
vulnerable brain that was consistent with long term behavioral and academic difficulties. His
substance use may have further suppressed an already underactive frontal lobes and temporal lobe
diminishing executive abilities and unleashing aggressive tendencies. It is possible that with an
explanation of the underlying metabolic problems and brief psychotherapy on the emotional issues
surrounding the need to take medication this serious problem might have been averted.
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VIOLENCE
UNDERSIDE ACTIVITY VIEW
On no Methamphetamines
On high dose Methamphetamines
Twenty-eight-year-old Rusty had a severe methamphetamine problem. He was unable to keep steady
work, he was involved in a physically abusive relationship with his girlfriend (arrested four times for
assault and battery), he was mean to his parents even though they tried to help him. He failed five
drug treatment programs. Since Rusty’s mom scheduled his SPECT study he was unaware of it until
the morning of the scan. He showed up loaded with a gram of methamphetamine from the night
before. Rusty told Dr. Amen about his drug abuse. Dr. Amen decided to scan Rusty that morning
with the effects of the methamphetamine still in his system and then a week later off all drugs.
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VIOLENCE
TOP VIEW OF SURFACE BLOOD FLOW
When Rusty was under the influence of high dose methamphetamine his brain looked suppressed in
activity. A week later, however, off all drugs, he had a terribly hot or overactive left temporal lobe,
probably causing his problems with violent behavior. Rusty was likely self-medicating an
underlying temporal lobe problem with high dose methamphetamine.
Given this finding, Dr. Amen put Rusty on Tegretol (an anti-seizure medication which stabilizes
activity in the temporal lobes). Within 2 weeks Rusty felt better than he had in years. He was
calmer, his temper was under control and for the first time in his life he was able to remain gainfully
employed. An additional benefit of the scan was that Dr. Amen showed Rusty the serious damage
he was doing to his brain by abusing the methamphetamines. Even though the drugs helped his
temporal lobe problem, they were clearly toxic to his brain.
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VIOLENCE
AT REST
CONCENTRATING
LEFT SIDE ACTIVITY VIEW: NOTICE THE AGGITATED CINGULAR GYRUS
Jose, a 16-year-old gang member, was arrested after he and another gang member beat another
teenager nearly to death. They were charged with attempted murder. Their gang claimed the
color “red” as being their color.
One evening, when they were in an intoxicated state (from both alcohol and heavy marijuana usage),
they approached a boy who was wearing a red sweater walking his dog across the street. They asked
him, “What colors do you bang?” (asking him about his gang affiliation). When the boy said he did
not know what they were talking about Jose replied, “Wrong answer,” and the two gang boys started
to physically attack the boy, hitting and kicking him repeatedly until he was unconscious. The public
defender ordered neuropsychological testing on Jose which found frontal lobe dysfunction and
evidence of ADHD, depression and learning disabilities. The psychologist suggested a resting and
concentration SPECT series for independent verification.
The SPECT series was significantly abnormal, showing learning disabilities and aggressive
tendencies.
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VIOLENCE
JODY’S BRAIN: NO MEDS
JODY’S BRAIN ON ADDERALL
In December 1996 Jody Gordon walked into the McDonald’s in Vallejo, California where he
had been fired from his job the year before. He carried two guns and a knife. Three teenage
girls, employees of McDonald’s, were sitting at a table having a snack after a meeting they
had been called into work for. Jody asked the manager for his job back. When the manager
refused Jody walked over to the girls and started shooting. He killed one of the girls and
wounded the other two.
As part of his defense, Dr. Amen was asked to perform a brain SPECT study to evaluate his
brain function. He had one of the most severe decreases in frontal lobes function Mr. Amen
had ever seen. Dr. Amen then had him come back for a second scan and gave him 20
milligrams of Adderall to see if he could enhance the severe prefrontal hypoperfusion. To Dr.
Amen’s amazement, the Adderall significantly enhanced the activity in his brain, especially in
his frontal lobes. Dr. Amen wondered if he would have committed this terrible crime if he had
more access to the part of his brain involved in decision making.
77
15 year old male, with a serious head injury,
convicted of raping his girlfriend.
Could this young girl’s rape have been prevented?
78
Severe Head Trauma
Before and After Adderall
UNDERSIDE SURFACE BLOOD FLOW VIEW
Randy, age 17, sustained a severe blow to the left side of his head. He had a subdural bleed
over his left parietal lobe and subsequently developed temper problems, school problems,
speech and coordination problems. This scan series was performed on and off Adderall. Note
the marked overall improvement from Adderall, giving him more access to brain function.
79
Are YOU One Severe HEAD TRAUMA Away From
Being ARRAIGNED AS AN OFFENDER?
How About Your Child? Parent?
Do YOU Have A “Normal” Brain?
Dr. Amen has offered to give a “FREE SPECT SCAN” To
Anyone Who Thinks They Have A “NORMAL” Brain.
So far, only
24 brains out of 600
have been found to Be “NORMAL.”
Are Accused Criminals DANGEROUS?
Fulton County Superior Court Judge Rowland Barnes
Murdered on March 11, 2005 by…
80
Brian Nichols
On Friday, March 11, 2005, a defendant in a rape case, Brian Nichols, 33, shot and killed a judge, a
court reporter and a sheriff's deputy before fleeing a downtown courthouse and escaping in a stolen
car.
Fulton County Superior Court Judge Rowland W. Barnes, 64, was shot after the defendant
overpowered a female deputy who was escorting him to his trial in the Fulton County Courthouse.
Nichols injured the deputy in the struggle and grabbed her gun, then went into the eighth-floor
courtroom and briefly held more than a dozen people inside hostage before opening fire.
The attorney prosecuting Nichols, Gayle Abramson, said Nichols was cocky but had not shown any
signs of violence.
Attorneys who knew Judge Barnes stated that they liked appearing in front of him. Barnes was
someone they wanted to appear in front of and have your case assigned to because he had that calm
demeanor. He would listen to both sides and then make a decision.
Apparently, Judge Barnes did not do anything to incite or taunt Nichols. So…
Did SOMEONE ELSE taunt Nichols?
Who paid the price of inciting Nichols?
How smart is it to TAUNT someone
with a BRAIN DEFECT?
81
In 300 years, will society laugh at us for being so stupid as to ridicule
and condemn people with a physical brain dysfunction?
Or Do You Hunt For Witches … No Matter What Form They Take?
What Does The Bible Say About Passing Judgment?
Why Do You Think That Might Be?
Did God Know Something About
Why We Act The Way We Do…
That WE Did Not Know?
82
Anger Issues And The ADA
In Calef v. Gillette Co., No. 02-1444 (1st Cir. 2003), Fred Calef worked as a production mechanic
for Gillette. Calef had several physical or verbal confrontations with co-workers that led his
supervisors to issue written warnings to Calef. In one incident, Calef threatened a 60-year-old
female employee who asked him for help with a machine she was using. He allegedly pointed his
finger in her face, raised his hand, made a fist, and stated, "Stop calling me or I'll punch you in the
face."
Following that incident, Gillette issued Calef a final warning that "any single infraction of
[company] policy in the future will result in termination." He was also referred to Gillette's
employee assistance program, although he chose instead to receive treatment from an outside
therapist.
Shortly thereafter, Calef was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and
was prescribed Ritalin. According to his doctor, the ADHD did not cause him to become angry.
Instead, his condition caused him to deal with anger more impulsively. As a result, Calef may not
respond as well as others when faced with highly stressful situations.
Calef continued to work at Gillette for a year without any further incidents. Following a
disagreement with a supervisor, he began acting "irrational and increasingly erratic." The
supervisor feared for his safety. Within days, the company fired Calef.
Calef sued Gillette, claiming that he was fired in violation of the ADA. The trial judge dismissed
the suit. Calef appealed the decision to the First Circuit.
The First Circuit held that Calef's history of physical altercations with co-workers was enough to
lose the protection of the ADA. The court said, "Put simply, the ADA does not require that an
employee whose unacceptable behavior threatens the safety of others be retained, even if the
behavior stems from a mental disability," the court wrote.
In Koshko v. General Electric Co., No. 01-C-5069, (N.D. Ill. 2003), Gary Koshko was employed
by General Electric Company (GE) in Bridgeview, Illinois. Beginning in 1998, he began to
experience severe mood swings, which he admitted were "grossly out of proportion to any
provocation or precipitating factors."
In September 1999, following an angry outburst on the job, Koshko agreed to take a short- term
disability medical leave. One month later, he was diagnosed with intermittent explosive disorder -which is characterized by a failure to resist aggressive impulses that result in serious violent acts or
destruction of property. Koshko’s condition was treated with a combination of drugs and therapy.
He was released to return to work, except for overtime, in December 1999.
83
Several months later, Koshko was called into a meeting with General Electric management.
According to Koshko, Bob Watson, the company's national lighting manager, confronted him in a
disdainful and insulting manner, criticized his work product, and stated that he should be working
overtime. After the meeting, Koshko allegedly returned to his work area, began cursing, and
threatened to kill Watson. His co-workers reported his conduct to management, and shortly
thereafter, he was fired for violating the company's "rules of conduct."
Koshko sued GE under the ADA for failing to accommodate his disability. The court found for
General Electric.
The court first held that Koshko must show that he has a physical impairment that substantially
limits one or more major life activities. While his doctor stated that he has "serious emotional
problems which impacted such major life activities as sleep and rest, thinking, eating, [and] social
interaction with others," the judge found that the doctor didn't state that those life activities were
"substantially limited" by his condition.
Even if Koshko was disabled, the court reasoned, he was not a qualified individual under the ADA
because he poses a direct threat to the health and safety of others.
Criminally Insane Defense?
DIMINISHED CAPACITY
Two Approaches:
“I did not know it was wrong”
or
“I knew it was wrong…but I could not stop myself.”
Will SPECT Scans Be The Wave Of The Future
For This Defense?
84
SKILL #3:
THREE STYLES OF COMMUNICATION
Retreat Style
Attack Style and
Honest/Respectful Communication
Most people are poor communicators because they tend to either retreat or attack when they
communicate. However, neither of these communication styles are productive. Instead, using
either one of these styles can greatly undermine the communicator’s effectiveness.
Retreat Style of Communication (FLIGHT)
No one wants to deliver “bad news” to others. Most people simply want to “get along” with their coworkers and subordinates. Therefore, instead of communicating to others information that may be
disturbing, which may create conflict, most people simply “bury” the information. As a result, the
person who probably needs to hear the disturbing information … never does.
However, no situation ever simply improves on its own. If no one tells an employee of his
shortcomings, how is the employee ever supposed to improve? In the real world, managers tend to
refrain from deliver disturbing news. Therefore, the problem continues until the manager is ready to
“kill” the employee … and then wants to fire the person.
Such managers have basically adopted a “retreat” style of communication. In other words, they
become “passive aggressives.” to the employee’s face, everything is fine. In reality, they are not.
The reason most people use a passive aggressive or “retreat” style of communication is because
they believe deliver “bad” news to another person must be a confrontational situation. In other
words, managers believe in order to deliver the information that they will offend the person, and
this will lead to a destructive conflict.
However, such a communication style only allows the problem to worsen and emotions to strain.
It is a manager’s job to help his employees grow and develop. If this does not happen, the
employee’s chance of success is greatly diminished. Therefore if a manager truly wants an
employee to fail, the manager will never correct the employee.
A passive aggressive, or retreat, style of communication is therefore terribly cruel.
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Attack Style of Communication (FIGHT)
At the other extreme, some people “tell it like it is” and simply “attack” others when they
communicate. Some managers feel that whenever they are right, they can “tell it straight” and offend
anyone they want since they have the facts on their side and are right in the way they feel.
Such a communication style is almost as destructive as the retreat style.
When most people are attacked, they react in very predictable ways. The traditional “Fight or
Flight” response is engaged. As a result, some people will retreat, which kills communication,
while others will attack back, which also kills communication.
Attacking others, even when the sender is correct in the content of his message, is very destructive to
communication. Very few people will ever cooperate with an “attack” style communicator. Such a style
is offensive and people will react in very predictable ways…and, deep down, most everyone knows it.
Too many people think that when they are right, they can behave however they want in delivering
the message. However, exactly the opposite it true.
For instance, if you go to a drive through to order food, try attacking the order taker. Look into
the speaker, give them your order, then shout,
“And I don’t want any of you morons in there spitting on my food!”
Guess what will happen?
However, you told them straight … and you were right in what you said: You really don’t want the
help spitting or doing anything else to your food.
At best, when people are attacked, they will only begrudgingly cooperate. In such instances, employees
usually provide:
“Malicious Obedience”
For instance, when Allan, Chief Operating Officer of ABC Company, insists that no one work
any overtime and barked out his orders in a very condescending manner, the employees’
response was predictable:
At 5:00 pm on the dot, the employees stopped work, which meant they stopped
assisting clients ... and if they were talking to a client when 5:00 pm arrived, the
employee would explain that he had to leave now because it was 5:00 pm.
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There is an old adage in law firms:
If an employee is wrong, he is in trouble. However, if the employee is right and
the partner is wrong … the employee is REALLY in trouble.
In short, no one wants to look foolish. Therefore, when a manager is right and others are wrong,
even MORE finesse is needed to protect the self-esteem of the others who may be wrong.
Making others look foolish wins managers enemies for life.
Honest/Respectful Style of Communication
(EVOLVED)
The only style of communication that works is to have honest and respectful communication
with others. To fail to deliver criticism to others is a great disservice to the person who needs to
hear the bad news. Actually, failing to deliver “bad” news to a person only encourages the poor
behavior to continue by granting “tacit” approval. People who “retreat” and fail to deliver
disturbing news to others actually play the role of “enabler.”
Further, by failing to deliver “bad” news to another person fails to reflect “reality” to that person. In
other words, the person who needs to hear the negative feedback might not REALLY understand how
poorly they are viewed by others if the actual facts are not delivered.
On one occasion, I interviewed a group of employees regarding how they viewed the behavior
of a co-worker. The feedback was clear:
They viewed their co-worker as being “venomous” person, as well as being a “viper” and
unworthy of trust.
The question now was clear:
Do I pass this information onto the co-worker…as hurtful as it might be to the person? Do I tell the coworker that the others in the department feel this way and view him as a “viper” who is not to be
trusted, and that he is seen as being so vindictive that several in the department use the term
“venomous” to describe him?
If it is the truth…you HAVE TO DELIVER THE MESSAGE. The “problem” co-worker has
MORAL RIGHT TO HEAR THE TRUTH. Otherwise, if the problem employee is later terminated,
there should NEVER be an issue as to whether the employee was given a fair chance to improve and
that he was given all of the facts that management had at its disposal.
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To do otherwise would simply be cruel.
However to ATTACK the person is equally destructive. Attacking will never gain their cooperation.
Attacking others only invokes the age old “fight or flight” response.
So…what is “Honest and Respectful Communication?”
First, you tell the truth. The news might be unpleasant, but it must be delivered. Otherwise, you
become an “enabler.”
However, good communicators must also strive to be as respectful as possible.
What is “Respectful Communication”?
You do not yell at the person and you do not “name call.”
The effective communicator also tries to protect the person’s self-esteem as much as possible,
but that is not always possible when emotions run high and the “receiver” is not taking any
accountability for his/her actions.
The best an effective communicator can do is send the message as respectfully as possible. How the
receiver takes the message is up to him or her.
EVIL … WHO IS TO BLAME?
Is Hitler Responsible For The Holocaust?
60% of All The European Jews Were Murdered
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April 4, 1945
Ohrdruf Death Camp is Liberated By The Allies. Generals Dwight Eisenhower (center), George
Patton (To Eisenhower’s right) and Omar Bradley (to Eisenhower’s left) look on in disbelief.
WHO IS TO BLAME?
EVERYONE WHO STOOD BY AND DID NOTHING.
“The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but
because of the people who don't do anything about it.”
~~ Albert Einstein
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What Is Evil? EVIL = PASSIVITY
To Do Nothing Is To Cooperate With Oppression.
What Do YOU Do When You See Evil? To Stand By And Do NOTHING Is Evil.
SKILL #4:
SPEAK UP WHEN YOU SEE BIGOTRY … BUT
DON’T BE DEFENSIVE. (INTENT?)
The hottest places in hell are reserved for those who,
in times of great moral crisis, maintain their neutrality.
~~Dante Alighieri
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If I Had My Life To Live Over
I would have gone to bed when I was sick, instead of pretending the earth would go into a
holding pattern if I weren’t there for the day.
I would have burned the pink candle sculpted like a rose before it melted in storage.
I would have talked less and listened more.
I would have invited friends over to dinner even if the carpet was stained, or the sofa faded.
I would have eaten the popcorn in the ‘good’ living room, and worried much less about the
dirt when someone wanted to light a fire in the fireplace.
I would have taken the time to listen to my grandfather ramble about his youth.
I would never have insisted the car windows be rolled up on a summer day because my hair
had just been teased and sprayed.
I would have sat on the lawn with my children and not worried about grass stains.
I would have cried and laughed less while watching television – and more while watching
life.
I would never have bought anything just because it was practical, wouldn’t show soil, or
was guaranteed to last a lifetime.
Instead of wishing away nine months of pregnancy, I’d have cherished every moment, and
realized that the wonderment growing inside me was the only chance in life to assist God in
a miracle.
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When my kids kissed me impetuously, I would never have said,
“Later. Now go get washed up for dinner.”
There would have been more “I love you’s.”
More “I'm sorry’s.”
But mostly, given another shot at life, I would seize every minute ... look at it and
really see it ... live it ... and never give it back.
Stop sweating the small stuff. Don’t worry about who doesn’t like you, who has
more, or who’s doing what.
Life is too short to let it pass you by.
We only have one shot at this and then it's gone.
POSITIVE THOUGHTS
Every Thought You Have Creates A Chemical Reaction In Your Brain…
Every NEGATIVE Thought You Have Is A NEGATIVE Chemical
Reaction In Your Brain…
HOW MANY NEGATIVE CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DO YOU WANT IN YOUR LIFE?
THIS IS NOT A DRESS REHEARSAL!!!
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Skills For Today …
OBJECTIFICATION = BIGOTRY
EDUCATE … EDUCATE … EDUCATE
HONEST RESPECTFUL COMMUNICATION
SPEAK UP WHEN YOU SEE BIGOTRY…BUT DON’T BE DEFENSIVE. (INTENT?)
America Gives Us Freedom: You Choose Who You Will Be.
“Odd People” Grow Up And Invent Light Bulbs.
The Worst Evil In The World Is The Apathy Of Human Beings.
~~ Helen Keller
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You Don’t Have To Be A Super-Hero To Make A Difference…
What We Need Are EVERYDAY HEROES!
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What Could YOU Accomplish If You Conquered Your Fear?
“We must become the change we want to see.”
~~ Mohandas “Mahatma” Gandhi
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Human Resource Consulting, Employment Law & Training Services
(614) 367-0842: Office ♣ (614) 738-8317: Cell
www.scottwarrick.com
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Masters degree in Labor and Human Resources: The Ohio State University
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Law degree: Capital University College of Law (Class Valedictorian. (1st out of 233))
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Lifetime Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR) accreditation
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Scott is President of his own Human Resource Consulting, Employment Law and
Training Firm based in Columbus, Ohio specializing in:
1. PREVENTING Employee Problems from happening,
2. Proactive Employment Law Compliance and HR Audits,
3. Training Managers and Employees ON-SITE in over 30 topics and
4. Keeping HR Professional’s UP TO DATE WITH THE CHANGES IN THE LAW with
his MONTHLY NEWSLETTERS AND ANNUAL AUDIO TAPES.
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Scott’s “Human Resource Professional's Guide To Federal Employment & Labor
Law” on audio tape is a favorite among HR Professional’s and won the 2000 Human
Resource Association of Central Ohio’s Linda Kerns Award for Outstanding
Creativity in the Field of Human Resource Management.
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