APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT STUDY

Transcription

DANUBE DELTA INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (2030)
WORLD BANK GROUP
MRDPA
Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable Development Strategy (2030)
AA_Study_DDISDS_rev05
for
DANUBE DELTA INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY (2030)
Development team (DT):
MSc. Ecologist Iulia POPA (IP)
MSc. Ecologist Stelian STĂNESCU (SS)
MSc. Geographer Liviu BUFNILĂ (LB)
Engineer Alexandra DOBA (AD)
PhD. Ecologist Marcel ŢÎBÎRNAC (MT)
PhD. Ecologist Marius Costin NISTORESCU (MN)
MSc. Biologist Ioana SÎRBU (IS)
Document description and revisions
Rev
nr.
Details
00
01
Internal Draft
AA Study English version
With the inclusion of peer review
02
comments
03 AA Study English version revised
AA Study English version revised
04 based on the ITI project list –
October 2015
Revised AA Study based on the
comments/observations received
05
after the 4th Working Group –
December 2015
Document reference:
Distribution list
Rev
Recipient
World Bank Group
Ministry of Environment, Waters
and Forests
Ministry
of
Regional
05
Development
and
Public
Administration
SEA Working Group members
EPC Consultanţă de mediu
2
Date
Author
March 16, 2015
June 15, 2015
Verified
Text
Quality
DT
DT
AD
AD
AD
AD
July 8, 2015
DT
AD
AD
August 2015
DT
AD
AD
October 2015
DT
AD
AD
December 2015
DT
AD
AD
Approved by:
-
MN
Copy no.
Format
Privacy policy
1
Electronic
No
Verified by:
Approved by:
Eng. Alexandra DOBA (AD)
Technical Manager
PhD. Ecol. Marius NISTORESCU (MN)
General Manager
MRDPA
3
MRDPA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
GENERAL INFORMATION............................................................................................................ 16
2
INFORMATION REGARDING THE DDISDS SUBJECT OF APPROVAL ...................... 19
2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE DDISDS.................................................................. 19
2.1.1
2.1.2
Name, description and objectives of the DDISDS ............................................................. 19
Information regarding the raw materials and the chemical substances or compounds . 24
2.2 GEOGRAPHIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE LOCATION .......................................................................... 24
2.3 PHYSICAL MODIFICATIONS RESULTED FROM THE DDISDS IMPLEMENTATION ...................... 30
2.4 NATURAL RESOURCES NECESSARY FOR THE DDISDS IMPLEMENTATION ............................... 31
2.5 NATURAL RESOURCES WHICH WILL BE EXPLOITED
FROM THE NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS
OF COMMUNITY IMPORTANCE IN ORDER TO BE USED FOR THE DDISDS IMPLEMENTATION ........ 31
2.6 EMISSIONS AND WASTE GENERATED BY THE DDISDS AND THE METHODS FOR THEIR
ELIMINATION ............................................................................................................................................... 31
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
Emissions ................................................................................................................................... 32
Waste .......................................................................................................................................... 42
Noise........................................................................................................................................... 43
2.7 REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO LAND USE, NECESSARY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
DDISDS ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
2.8 SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES REQUIRED BY THE DDISDS IMPLMENTATION ............................ 48
2.9 DURATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION, FUNCTIONING, DISMANTLING AND THE SCHEDULING
OF THE DDISDS IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD ......................................................................................... 48
2.10 ACTIVITIES THAT WILL BE GENERATED AS RESULT OF THE DDISDS IMPLEMENTATION ..... 49
2.11 CHARACTERISTICS
OF EXISTENT, PROPOSED OR APPROVED
PP,
WHICH MAY GENERATE
DDISDS AND WHICH MAY AFFECT THE NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS
OF COMMUNITY IMPORTANCE ................................................................................................................... 59
CUMULATIVE IMPACT WITH
3
INFORMATION ABOUT THE NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS OF COMMUNITY
INTEREST AFFECTED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DDISDS ......................................... 61
3.1 DATA CONCERNING THE NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS OF COMMUNITY INTEREST THAT MAY
BE AFFECTED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DDISDS ............................................................................ 61
3.1.1 General information regarding Natura 2000 network from Danube Delta Region ....... 61
3.1.2 Information regarding the natural protected areas of community interest potentially
affected by the implementation of the DDISDS .............................................................................. 69
3.2 DATA ABOUT THE PRESENCE, LOCATION, POPULATION AND ECOLOGY OF SPECIES AND/ OR
HABITATS OF COMMUNITY INTEREST PRESENT ON THE SURFACE AND IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY
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DDISDS, MENTIONED IN THE STANDARD DATA FORMS OF THE NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS
OF COMMUNITY INTEREST ......................................................................................................................... 89
OF
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
Habitats and vegetation ........................................................................................................... 89
Plants .......................................................................................................................................... 94
Invertebrates ............................................................................................................................ 100
Fish ........................................................................................................................................... 103
Amphibians and reptiles ........................................................................................................ 112
Mammals (including bat species).......................................................................................... 118
Birds .......................................................................................................................................... 121
3.3 DESCRIPTION
OF ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE AFFECTED SPECIES AND HABITATS OF
COMMUNITY INTEREST (AREA, LOCATION, CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES) AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP
WITH ADJACENT NATURA 2000 SITES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION ...................................................... 127
3.4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF SPECIES AND HABITATS OF COMMUNITY INTEREST ................... 130
3.5 DATA
REGARDING
POPULATIONS
THE
(NUMERICAL
STRUCTURE
AND
DYNAMICS
OF
THE
EVOLUTION OF POPULATION WITHIN THE
AFFECTED
SPECIES
NATURA 2000
SITES,
ESTIMATIVE PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION OF THE SPECIES AFFECTED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION
DDISDS, HABITAT SURFACE IS LARGE ENOUGH TO ENSURE THE SPECIES MAINTENANCE ON
LONG-TERM) .............................................................................................................................................. 142
OF
3.6 STRUCTURAL
AND FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS THAT CREATE AND MAINTAIN THE
INTEGRITY OF THE NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS OF COMMUNITY INTEREST ................................. 143
3.7 THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES OF THE NATURA 2000 SITES, WHERE WERE ESTABLISHED
THROUGH MANAGEMENT PLANS ............................................................................................................ 144
3.8 DESCRIPTION
2000 SITES,
INCLUDING EVOLUTIONS/ CHANGES THAT MAY OCCUR IN THE FUTURE ........................................ 145
4
OF THE CURRENT STATE OF CONSERVATION OF THE NATURA
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................................................. 160
4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF CURRENT THREATS, PRESSURES AND ACTIVITIES WITH IMPACT ON
NATURA 2000 SITES IN THE DANUBE DELTA REGION ....................................................................... 160
4.1.1
4.1.2
Informations extracted from Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms .................................. 160
Additional considerations ...................................................................................................... 166
4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL FORMS OF IMPACTS OF DDISDS .......................................... 172
4.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT........................................................................................................................ 193
4.3.1 Impact significance assessment methodology .................................................................... 193
4.3.2 Location of the projects / types of interventions of DDISDS in relation to the
sensitivity classes of the study area .................................................................................................... 199
4.3.3 Estimation of the surfaces from Natura 2000 sites potentially affected by the
implementation of the projects proposed by DDISDS ................................................................. 211
4.3.3.1 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 211
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4.3.3.2 Type E projects / types of interventions - projects with a specific location, for which
a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined ............................................................... 213
4.3.3.3 Type D projects / types of interventions - projects with a specific location, but the
area of impact cannot be clearly defined .......................................................................................... 219
4.3.3.4 Type C projects / types of interventions – projects that are relevant to the analysis
(by their nature), but not enough information is available about their location
(approximate/incomplete location) ................................................................................................... 221
4.3.3.5 Type B projects / types of interventions – projects that are relevant to the analysis
(by their nature), but no information is known about their location............................................ 223
4.3.3.6 Type A projects / types of interventions – projects for which the location is not
relevant for analysis .............................................................................................................................. 223
4.3.4 Assessment results .................................................................................................................. 225
4.3.5 Residual impact ....................................................................................................................... 239
5
MEASURES TO REDUCE IMPACT ON SPECIES AND HABITATS FROM
PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF COMMUNITY INTEREST .............................................. 241
5.1 AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION MEASURES................................................................................... 241
5.2 MONITORING ................................................................................................................................... 247
6
METHODS USED TO COLLECT INFORMATION ON POTENTIALLY AFFECTED
SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST ............................................................................................. 250
6.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................................... 250
6.2 LIMITATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 251
6
7
CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 253
8
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 256
MRDPA
INDEX OF TABLES
Table no. 2-1 List of administrative territorial units targeted by the Danube Delta Integrated
Sustainable Development Strategy................................................................................................................ 25
Table no. 2-2 Land occupied, permanently or temporarily, depending on the code and land use
category ............................................................................................................................................................. 47
Table no. 2-3 Types of possible activities that will be generated as a result of the implementation of
the types of interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS (2030) ....................................................... 50
Table no. 3-1 List of Natura 2000 sites in the study area .......................................................................... 64
Table no. 3-2 Number of types of interventions / projects that intersect SCIs for each sector......... 77
Table no. 3-3 Number of types of interventions / projects that intersect SPAs for each sector ....... 77
Table no. 3-4 The community interest habitats included in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of
the SCIs from the study area ......................................................................................................................... 91
Table no. 3-5 The community interest plant species included in the Natura 2000 Standard Data
Forms of the SCIs from the study area ........................................................................................................ 98
Table no. 3-6 The community interest invertebrate species included in the Natura 2000 Standard
Data Forms of the SCIs from the study area ............................................................................................ 101
Table no. 3-7 Fish species of community interest included in the Natura 2000 factsheets of the SCIs
located in the study area ............................................................................................................................... 109
Table no. 3-8 The community interest amphibian and reptile species included in the Natura 2000
Standard Data Forms of the SCIs from the study area ........................................................................... 116
Table no. 3-9 The community interest mammal species (including bat species) included in the
Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of the SCIs from the study area .................................................... 119
Table no. 3-10 The community interest bird species, listed in Annex I of the Council Directive
2009/147/ EC, included in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of the SPAs from the study area
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 123
Table no. 3-11 Conservation status of the habitats of community interest, mentioned in the Natura
2000 Standard Data Forms of the SCIs from Danube Delta Region.................................................... 131
Table no. 3-12 Conservation status of the species of community interest, mentioned in the Natura
2000 Standard Data Forms of the SCIs from Danube Delta Region.................................................... 133
Table no. 3-13 Conservation status of the bird species of community interest, mentioned in the
Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of the SPAs from Danube Delta Region ..................................... 136
Table no. 3-14 Number of SCIs that hosts the habitats of community interest from the study area
and the parameters used to assess their conservation status within the sites, according to the Natura
2000 Standard Data Forms .......................................................................................................................... 151
Table no. 3-15 Number of SCIs that hosts flora and fauna species of community interest from the
study area and the parameters used to assess their conservation status within the sites, according to
the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms ...................................................................................................... 153
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Table no. 3-16 Number of SPAs that hosts bird species of community interest from the study area
and the parameters used to assess their conservation status within the sites, according to the Natura
2000 Standard Data Forms .......................................................................................................................... 156
Table no. 4-1 Preliminary analysis of the potential forms of impact of the types of interventions /
projects of DDISDS on the community interest components in the Danube Delta Region ............ 176
Table no. 4-2 Matrix used to assess the significance of the potential effects of the DDISDS
implementation .............................................................................................................................................. 193
Table no. 4-3 Buffers used to create the polygons that were subsequently used to calculate the
affected areas.................................................................................................................................................. 212
Table no. 4-4 Projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact
can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) lost within Sites of Community Importance (SCI)........ 216
can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) lost within Special Protection Areas (SPA) .................... 216
can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) altered within Sites of Community Importance (SCI) .. 216
can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) altered within Special Protection Areas (SPA) ............... 216
can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) affected by disturbance within Sites of Community
Importance (SCI)........................................................................................................................................... 217
can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) affected by disturbance within Special Protection Areas
(SPA) ............................................................................................................................................................... 217
can be defined (Type E) – Total of land areas (ha) affected within Sites of Community Importance
(SCI) ................................................................................................................................................................ 217
can be defined (Type E) – Total of land areas (ha) affected within Special Protection Areas (SPA)
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 217
Table no. 4-12 Number of habitats and species of community interest, on taxonomic groups, which
may be affected by the implementation of Type E projects ................................................................... 218
Table no. 4-13 Number of unique habitats and species of community interest, on taxonomic groups,
which may be affected by the implementation of Type E projects ....................................................... 218
Table no. 4-14 Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina Channel – Land surfaces (ha) within
Sites of Community Interest (SCI) which might be affected by the implementation of the project 219
Special Protection Areas (SPA) which might be affected by the implementation of the project...... 219
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may be affected by the implementation of Type D projects .................................................................. 220
Table no. 4-17 Projects that are relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but not enough
information is available about their location (approximate/incomplete location) (Type C) – Land
surfaces (ha) within Sites of Community Interest (SCI) on which positive effects may appear........ 222
Table no. 4-18 Projects that are relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but not enough
information is available about their location (approximate/incomplete location) (Type C) – Land
surfaces (ha) within Special Protection Areas (SPA) on which positive effects may appear ............. 222
Table no. 4-19 The analysis of the impact significance of the types of interventions/ projects of
DDISDS on the community interest components in the Danube Delta Region ................................ 230
Table no. 4-20 Reconsidered scores for the assessment of residual impact ......................................... 240
Table no. 5-1 Avoidance and mitigation measures proposed for DDISDS interventions/ projects
related to Natura 2000 habitats and species .............................................................................................. 243
Table no. 5-2 Monitoring indicators proposed for DDISDS ................................................................. 247
INDEX OF FIGURES
Figure no. 2-1 DDISDS structure (2030) .................................................................................................... 23
Figure no. 2-2 Location of the study area – Danube Delta region – within the national territory ..... 28
Figure no. 2-3 Administrative territorial units targeted by the Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable
Development Strategy .................................................................................................................................... 28
Figure no. 2-4 Location of the Danube Delta region in relation to the major geographical units ..... 29
Figure no. 2-5 Location of the Danube Delta region in relation to the development regions ............ 29
Figure no. 2-6 Contribution of acidifying pollutants in Tulcea County – 2013 (source: Annual Report
on the state of the environment in Tulcea County, 2013) ....................................................................................... 34
Figure no. 2-7 Share of SO2 emissions by sector ........................................................................................ 35
Figure no. 2-8 Evolution of SO2 emissions in Tulcea County ................................................................. 35
Figure no. 2-9 Share of NH3 emissions by sector ...................................................................................... 36
Figure no. 2-10 Evolution of NH3 emissions in Tulcea County .............................................................. 36
Figure no. 2-11 Share of NOx emissions by sector ................................................................................... 37
Figure no. 2-12 Evolution of NOx emissions in Tulcea County ............................................................. 37
Figure no. 2-13 Contribution of GHG in Tulcea County – 2013 (source: Annual report on the state
of the environment in Tulcea County, 2013) .............................................................................................. 38
Figure no. 2-14 Total annual emissions of GHG in Tulcea County (expressed in thousands of
tonnes CO2 equivalent)................................................................................................................................... 39
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MRDPA
Figure no. 2-15 Total emissions of GHG per capita in Tulcea County (expressed in tonnes CO2 Eq
per capita) ......................................................................................................................................................... 39
Figure no. 2-16 Land use in the study area according to Corine Land Cover 2006 .............................. 46
Figure no. 3-1 Location of the natural protected areas of national interest in relation with the study
area..................................................................................................................................................................... 65
Figure no. 3-2 Location of the Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) in relation with the study area
............................................................................................................................................................................ 66
Figure no. 3-3 Location of the Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in relation with the study area ........ 67
Figure no. 3-4 Location of the study area in relation with the biogeographical regions ...................... 68
Figure no. 3-5 Location (approximate/ incomplete) of the project/ type of intervention
“Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000” network for species
of European conservation concern, together with development of an integrated monitoring system
covering the whole DD area (including cross-border areas), supporting evidence-based decision
making and community participation” (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation
with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region .............................................................. 78
“Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has disappeared or been degraded”
(Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the
Danube Delta Region ..................................................................................................................................... 79
Figure no. 3-7 Location of the project/ type of intervention “Development of an International
Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta – Black Sea for biodiversity preservation”
(Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the
Danube Delta Region ..................................................................................................................................... 80
Figure no. 3-8 Locations of the projects/ types of interventions from DRM sector in relation with
the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region. A- project detail “Works for protection
against floods”, B - project detail “Modernization, rehabilitation and construction of Inspectorate
for Emergency Situations (IES)” .................................................................................................................. 81
“Implementation of a region-wide program for beautification of settlements” (Tourism sector) in
relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region ................................................ 82
Figure no. 3-10 Location (approximate/ incomplete) of the projects/ types of interventions
“Improve fish habitat. Reduce sedimentation in major lakes with the installation of stop locks.
Dredge major lakes to restore water depth.” (Fisheries and aquaculture sector) in relation with the
Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region .............................................................................. 83
Figure no. 3-11 Location (approximate/ incomplete) of the projects/ types of interventions
“Modernization of rural infrastructure (water, sanitation, roads, schools, etc)” (ARD sector) in
relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region ................................................ 84
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Figure no. 3-12 Locations of the projects/ types of interventions from Transport sector in relation
with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region .............................................................. 85
Figure no. 3-13 The location (approximate/ incomplete) of the projects/ types of interventions
from WSS and IWM sector in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta
Region ............................................................................................................................................................... 86
Figure no. 3-14 Location of the projects/ types of interventions from WM sector in relation with
the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region ....................................................................... 87
Figure no. 3-15 Location of the projects/ types of interventions from Health sector in relation with
the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region ....................................................................... 88
Figure no. 3-16 Numerical distribution of habitats of community interest in the Danube Delta
Region (http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_17/reference_portal) ................... 93
Figure no. 3-17 Numerical distribution of community interest plant species in the Danube Delta
Region (http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_17/reference_portal) ................... 99
Figure no. 3-18 Numerical distribution of community interest invertebrate species in the Danube
Delta Region (http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_17/reference_portal) ...... 102
Figure no. 3-19 Numerical distribution of fish species of community interest in the Danube Delta
Region (http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_17/reference_portal) ................. 111
Figure no. 3-20 Numerical distribution of community interest amphibian and reptile species in the
Danube
Delta
Region
(http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_17/reference_portal) .............................. 117
Figure no. 3-21 Numerical distribution of community interest mammal species (including bat
species)
in
the
Danube
Delta
Region
(http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_17/reference_portal) .............................. 120
Figure no. 3-22 Numerical distribution of community interest bird species in the Danube Delta
Region (http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_12/reference_portal) ................. 126
Figure no. 3-23 Conservation status of the habitats of community interest within the 8 SCIs......... 146
Figure no. 3-24 Conservation status of flora and fauna species of community interest within the 8
SCIs ................................................................................................................................................................. 148
Figure no. 3-25 Conservation status of the bird species of community interest within the 12 SPAs
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 149
Figure no. 4-1 Main threats, pressures or activities with impact within SCIs from the Danube Delta
Region and their share based on the intensity of their impacts .............................................................. 162
Figure no. 4-2 Main threats, pressures or activities with impact in the vicinity of SCIs from the
Danube Delta Region and their share based on the intensity of their impacts .................................... 163
Figure no. 4-3 Main threats, pressures or activities with impact within SPAs from the Danube Delta
Region and their share based on the intensity of their impacts .............................................................. 164
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Figure no. 4-4 Main threats, pressures or activities with impact in the vicinity of SPAs from the
Danube Delta Region and their share based on the intensity of their impacts .................................... 165
Figure no. 4-5 Number of potential impacts (negative values indicates potential negative impacts)175
Figure no. 4-6 Percentage of each type of impact .................................................................................... 175
Figure no. 4-7 Identification scheme for the types of interventions/ projects of DDISDS based on
their location and the possibility to define their area of impact ............................................................. 196
Figure no. 4-8 Number and percentage of types of interventions / projects of DDISDS based on
their location and the possibility to define their area of impact ............................................................. 197
Figure no. 4-9 Sensitivity classes in the DDISDS implementation area ............................................... 198
Figure no. 4-10 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the project/type of intervention
“Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000” network for species
of European conservation concern, together with development of an integrated monitoring system
covering the whole DD area (including cross-border areas), supporting evidence-based decision
making and community participation” (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation
to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region ........................................................................... 200
Figure no. 4-11 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the project/type of intervention
“Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has disappeared or been degraded”
(Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation to the sensitivity areas from the
Danube Delta Region ................................................................................................................................... 201
Figure no. 4-12 Location of the project/type of intervention “Development of an International
Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta – Black Sea for biodiversity preservation”
(Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation to the sensitivity areas from the
Danube Delta Region ................................................................................................................................... 202
Figure no. 4-13 Location of the projects/type of interventions from the DRM sector in relation to
the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region................................................................................ 203
Figure no. 4-14 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the project/type of intervention “A regionwide program for beautification of settlements” (Tourism sector) in relation to the sensitivity areas
from the Danube Delta Region................................................................................................................... 204
Figure no. 4-15 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the projects/types of interventions “Dredge
major lakes to restore water depth” (Fisheries and Aquaculture sector) in relation to the sensitivity
areas from the Danube Delta Region ......................................................................................................... 205
Figure no. 4-16 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the projects/types of interventions “Dredge
major lakes to restore water depth” (Fisheries and Aquaculture sector) in relation to the sensitivity
areas from the Danube Delta Region ......................................................................................................... 206
Figure no. 4-17 Location of the projects/type of interventions from the Transport sector in relation
to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region ........................................................................... 207
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MRDPA
Figure no. 4-18 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the projects/type of interventions from the
Water supply and sanitation (WSS) and integrated water management (IWM) sector in relation to the
sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region ...................................................................................... 208
Figure no. 4-19 Location of the projects/type of interventions from the WM sector in relation to the
sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region ...................................................................................... 209
Figure no. 4-20 Location of the projects/type of interventions from the Health sector in relation to
the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region................................................................................ 210
Figure no. 4-21 Share of the total areas within the Sites of Community Importance (SCI) intersected
by projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be
defined (Type E) ............................................................................................................................................ 215
Figure no. 4-22 Share of the total areas within the Special Protection Areas (SPA) intersected by
projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined
(Type E) .......................................................................................................................................................... 215
Figure no. 4-23 The share of the assessment notes granted for each taxonomic group .................... 226
Figure no. 4-24 The positive and negative effects associated to each taxonomic group .................... 227
Figure no. 4-25 The share of the total positive and negative effects generated by the implementation
of the types of interventions/ projects of DDISDS on the Natura 2000 components ..................... 228
Figure no. 4-26 The estimated impact and the residual impact, after the implementation of the A&M
measures ......................................................................................................................................................... 239
Figure no. 5-1 Proposed hierarchy for prioritisation of DDISDS interventions/projects ................ 242
ANNEXES
Annex no. I List of types of interventions/ projects proposed for implementation within the
Annex no. II Correlation of ITI projects fiches (structured according to the Operational
Programmes that will finance them) in relation to the types of interventions/ projects proposed for
implementation within Danube Delta Integrated Sustainanble Development Strategy (2030)
Annex no. III Lists of habitats and species of community interest potentially affected by the
implementation of the types of interventions/ projects proposed within DDISDS
Annex no. IV List of types of interventions/ projects proposed for implementation within DDISDS
and the intersected Natura 2000 sites
Annex no. V The lists of Natura 2000 sites crossed by the types of interventions/ projects proposed
for implementation within DDISDS
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
14
AA
Appropriate Assessment
A&M
Avoidance and mitigation
ARD
Agriculture and Rural Development
ATU
Administrative territorial unit
Buffer
Used exclusively with the meaning of the ArcGIS tool; no implications in
terms of protected natural areas management
CC
Climate change
CDA - ITI
Community Development Association - Integrated Territorial Investment
CLC
Corine Land Cover
DD
Danube Delta
DDBRA
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Administration
DDISDS
Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable Development Strategy
DDNIRD
Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development
DRM
Disaster Risk Management
DWTP
Drinking Water Treatment Plant
EC
European Commission
EEA
European Environment Agency
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
EU
European Union
FF
Fishing facility
GD no. 1076/ 2004
Government Decision no. 1076/ 2004, for setting up the environmental
assessment procedure of certain plans and programmes
GEO no. 57/ 2007
Government Emergency Ordinance no. 57/2007 on the regime of the
protected natural areas, the preservation of natural habitats, of the wild flora
and fauna, approved with modifications and completions by Law no. 49/2011,
with subsequent modifications and completions
GHG
Greenhouse gases
HWB
Hot water boiler
IBA
Important Bird Areas
ICT
Information and Communication Technology
IES
Inspectorate for Emergency Situations
ITI
Integrated Territorial Investments
IUCN
International Union for Conservation of Nature
MRDPA
15
IWM
Integrated Water Management
LIOP
Large Infrastructure Operational Programme
MEWF
Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests
MMNP
Măcin Mountains National Park
MRDPA
Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration
Ord. no. 19/ 2010
Order no. 19/2010 regarding the appropriate assessment of the potential
effects of plans or projects on protected natural areas of community interest
PP
Plans or projects
ROP
Regional Operational Programme
SCI
Site of Community Importance (part of the Natura 2000 network)
SEA
Strategic Environmental Assessment
SOR
Romanian Ornithological Society
SPA
Special Protection Area (part of the Natura 2000 network)
VET
Vocational education and training
USGS
United States Geological Survey
WM
Waste Management
WSS
Water Supply and Sanitation
WWTP
Waste Water Treatment Plant
MRDPA
1 GENERAL INFORMATION
This report represents the Appropriate Assessment Study on the potential effects of the
implementation of the Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable Development Strategy (DDISDS,
2030) that may be generated on natural protected areas of community interest in the Danube Delta
region.
According to Decision no. 349/19.01.2015 issued by the Ministry of Environment, Water and
Forests (MEWF), the Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable Development Strategy (2030) shall
follow the environmental assessment procedure, according to the provisions of GD 1076/2004 for
setting up the environmental assessment procedure of certain plans and programmes, including the appropriate
assessment procedure, according to the provisions of GEO no. 57/2007 on the regime of the protected
natural areas, the preservation of natural habitats, of the wild flora and fauna, approved with modifications and
completions by Law no. 49/2011, with subsequent modifications and completions (Government Ordinance no.
20/2014, Law no. 73/ 2015).
The Appropriate Assessment Study is developed within the Strategic Environmental Assessment
procedure (SEA), which was started in February 2015, the conclusions of the appropriate
assessment study to be undertaken in the Environmental Report.
The Appropriate Assessment Study is prepared according to the requirements of the Methodological
guidelines regarding the appropriate assessment of plans and projects potential effects on natural protected areas of
community interest (Order no. 19/ 2010).
The elaboration of the Appropriate Assessment Study was based on public information that were
available at the moment, as following:
Strategic documents made available by the beneficiary: Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable
Development Strategy (2030), October 2015, an integrative document which contains ITI
proposal for the Danube Delta (for the 2014-2020 programming period) and the Action Plan
(including priority projects to implement the Strategy), as well as the Project fiches that are
proposed for ITI funding, October 2015 (their correlation with the types of interventions is
shown in Annex no. II of the present study) (http://www.mdrap.ro/dezvoltare-teritoriala/9749/-3558);
Information and data collected and published by World Bank Group, involved in the elaboration
of the DDISDS, which contains 3 reports that are published on the beneficiary website:
Diagnostic Report, Danube Delta Visioning Report and Needs Assessment Report
(http://www.mdrap.ro/dezvoltare-teritoriala/-9749/-3558);
Relevant information and data collected about the implementation area of the DDISDS from
the main stakeholders (mainly institutions like: Tulcea County Council, Constanţa County
Council, Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Administration (DDBRA), Danube Delta National
Institute for Research and Development (DDNIRD), Environment Protection Agencies, Public
Health District Authority, Directorate of Statistics etc.);
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Geospatial coordinates of the types of interventions/ projects proposed to be implemented
within DDISDS, known during the elaboration of the DDISDS and the Appropriate
Assessment Study;
Database available on the European Environment Agency website (EEA http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-5) regarding the nationally designated
natural protected areas that are included in the Natura 2000 ecological network (SCI and SPA),
as well as the protected components within them;
Natura 2000 factsheets (updated according to Decision 2011/484/EU concerning a site
information format for Natura 2000 sites and published on the Ministry of Environment,
Waters and Forests website on 17 February 2015), http://www.mmediu.ro/articol/natura2000/435;
Limits of the Sites of Community Importance and Special Protection Areas, in Stereo 70
projection (updated in 2012), available on the website of the Ministry of Environment, Waters
and Forests on 17 February 2015 (http://www.mmediu.ro/articol/date-gis/434);
Romania’s reporting to the European Union under Article 12 of the Birds Directive and Article
17 of the Habitats Directive, that aim to produce inventories and maps for habitats and species
from
Natura
2000
sites,
available
in
SHP
format
(http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_12/reference_portal,
http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_17/reference_portal);
Geospatial data regarding the types of land use at a national level, according to Corine Land
Cover
2006,
available
on
European
Environment
Agency
website
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-3);
Specialized literature.
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Plan name:
Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable Development
Strategy (2030)
Plan location:
Danube Delta Region
Plan holder:
Ministry of Regional Development and Public
Administration
General Department for Regional Development and
Infrastructure
Address: 17 Apolodor Street, North Wing, Sector 5
Contact person: Radu Necşuliu
Authors of the Appropriate Assessment Study:
EPC Consultanţă de Mediu SRL
Certificate of Registration in the National Register of
for environmental protection studies developers (RM,
RIM, BM, RA, EA) – position no. 209
Registered office address: 16 Nicolae Titulescu Road,
bl. 22, sc. A, ap. 25, Sector 1, Bucharest
Work point address: 7 Haga Street, 1-2 floors, Sector
1, Bucharest
Tel./ fax: 021-335.51.95
E-mail:
[email protected],
www.epcmediu.ro
Web:
Contact person: PhD Ecologist Marius Nistorescu –
General Manager, tel. 0745.08.44.44, e-mail
[email protected] and Eng. Alexandra
Doba – Technical Manager, tel. 0751.12.99.99, email: [email protected]
Compania de Consultanţă şi Asistenţă Tehnică
Certificate of Registration in the National Register of
for environmental protection studies developers (RM,
RIM, BM, RA, EA) – position no. 141
Registered office address: 13 Vlădeasa Street, Sector
6, Bucharest
Tel./ fax: 021.326.26.48/ 031.817.74.16
E-mail: [email protected]
Contact person: PhD Eng. Tatiana Dimache
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2 INFORMATION REGARDING THE DDISDS
SUBJECT OF APPROVAL
2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE DDISDS
2.1.1 Name, description and objectives of the DDISDS
The Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable Development Strategy (2030) which is subject of the
assessment and approval is promoted by the Ministry of Regional Development and Public
Administration (MRDPA), as the holder of the strategy.
DDISDS was developed based on a systematic technical analysis and a participatory process by the
World Bank Group, who was appointed in 2013 by the Romanian Government, through MRDPA,
for providing consultancy services in order to develop a strategy for the Danube Delta and its
surrounding areas (Danube Delta Region)1, with 2030 timeframe, and to identify action plans to
implement such a strategy.
DDISDS represents an important step in the process of planning the interventions that will take
place in the Danube Delta, presenting themes and future development directions.
The elaboration of the Strategy for the study area (Danube Delta Region) started with creating a
Diagnostic Report, which analyzed the situation, including the current opportunities and
constraints. The report revealed the dual challenge of protecting both livelihood and the
environment in the Danube Delta, and included the results of the initial public consultations, which
took place between September and December 2013, regarding the problems and concerns of local
communities. The evaluation was completed by the findings of participatory consultations with local
residents and stakeholders, on their “preferences” about how the future would look like in the
Danube Delta.
Subsequently, following extensive consultations and a diagnostic process, resulted the Danube
Delta Visioning Report.
All these have provided the motivation to identify physical investment needs, political and legislative
reforms, technical assistance and institutional development needs, materialized in a Needs
Assessment Report. The report identifies measures and interventions for achieving the objectives
of the Strategy. The strategy identifies key projects in each sector based on criteria related to the
expected impact on fulfilling strategic objectives, level of training, and financial and administrative
Danube Delta (DD) is the area referred to as the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR). This covers: (i) the Core
Delta (the area between the Sf. Gheorghe and the Chilia branches of the Danube River); (ii) the Razim-Sinoe-Babadag
lake system and adjacent land areas; and (iii) the area along the Danube River west of Tulcea City towards Galaţi. The
Study Area – also called the Danube Delta Region - covers DDBR and its Neighboring Area. The Study Area consists of
Tulcea City, four towns (Babadag, Isaccea, Măcin, and Sulina), and thirty three communes (the total number of
communes in Tulcea county is 46). Four communes (Corbu, Istria, Mihai Viteazu, and Săcele) are in Constanţa County,
all four bordering the bay area of the Razim-Sinoe lake system.
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viability, connecting most of them with the financial resources allocated through 2014-2020 EU
funds - ITI tool (Integrated Territorial Investments).
After the consultations with all the stakeholders the Vision for the Danube Delta Region (2030)
has been defined, which was derived from the visions defined for the two sub-areas of the region
(the biosphere reserve and its surrounding areas) due to their different characteristics:
Vision for the Danube Delta (the Biosphere Reserve area): a „living Delta” (an area
where people live and work) with balanced support for the environment and the community;
a healthy, sustainable local economy - mainly based on nature and cultural tourism; with an
inclusive planning process (residents, governments, business environment);
Vision for the Neighboring Area: a vibrant agricultural and business area, with a network
of urban service centers and a tourism sector that is integrated with the attractions of the
area and of the Delta;
as following: „An attractive area – with a valuable biodiversity and vibrant business environment, with
small/medium scale economic activities both in traditional and modern fields - where people live in harmony with
nature; integrating economic activities of tourism, farming and fishery, supported by urban service centers”.
DDISDS has two strategic objectives derived from the Vision for the Danube Delta Region
(2030):
Conserving the unique environmental assets through scientifically-guided environmental management, and
through empowering local communities to be proactive guardians of this unique global heritage;
Developing a green and inclusive local economy, based on sustainable consumption and protection, resource
efficient, capitalizing on the area’s comparative advantages, supported by improved public services.
These two strategic objectives alongside with the Vision for the Danube Delta Region (2030)
were the basis for the preparation of the Strategy Report, being based on the holistic approach of
the needs assessment on each sector that defined the needs of physical investments, policy and
legislative reforms, institutional development and technical assistance.
The strategy is structured on five pillars that reinforce each other and are closely interlinked, and
derives from the two aforementioned objectives (environmental protection and economic
development). Sectorial analyzes resulted from previous needs assessments were grouped as the five
pillars2 (Figure no. 2-1):
Pillar I: Protecting the environmental and natural resource assets;
Pillar II: Improving the economy;
Pillar III: Improving connectivity;
Pillar IV: Providing public services;
Pillar V: Promoting Efficiency, Affordability and Sustainability.
A fifth pillar "Ensuring Efficiency, Affordability and Financial and Administrative Sustainability" is transversal, and was
adopted as one of the guiding principles for the development of the strategy.
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Pillar I: Protecting the environmental and natural resource assets
This pillar refers to the sustainability of natural resources and environmental protection in the long
term that will depend on how the locals will play an active role of protectors and administrators of
cultural and environmental assets in the Delta, in partnership with DDBRA. Among the main types
of interventions are: hydrological modeling; desilting; ecological restoration; dredging; flood
protection; signaling; energy-efficiency initiatives; monitoring systems; and institutional
strengthening etc.
Pillar II: Improving the economy
Pillar II refers to the generation of economic opportunities and jobs, with support ranging from
skills development and workplace training, to small grants schemes for micro businesses, including
small agricultural and fish processing units that will support tourism, in order to address accessibility
constraints. It is intended a conservation of movable and immovable cultural heritage of the region
(traditions, art, local cuisine, cultural sites and events) that can bring added value to the distinct
positioning of the area. Examples of interventions: infrastructure for visitors; beautification efforts;
small grants; touristic training; destination management; rural infrastructure; supporting the
modernization of infrastructure in agriculture; support aquaculture, sport fishing, and small-scale
fish processing (preservation, smoking), etc.
Pillar III: Improving connectivity
Ensuring connectivity is needed to narrow the gap between cities and remote locations, between the
developed and undeveloped regions (e.g. Constanţa, one of the growth poles of the country) and in
the region (e.g. between the Core Danube Delta and surrounding areas), with the aim of increasing
the circulation of people, goods and information. Health and education sectors are also targeted, by
creating opportunities for offering innovative services, as well as the tourism sector, by improving
business opportunities by connecting sellers with markets and information and communication
technology infrastructure (ICT) and movement. Examples of interventions: upgrading roads (linking
Constanţa - Tulcea - Măcin - Brăila; and various county roads); Tulcea port and airport
modernization; improvement of inland waterway transport; increasing access to broadband internet
etc.
Pillar IV: Providing public services
Pillar IV aims to reduce the gap between underdeveloped and developed regions in terms of access
and quality of basic urban services (water, sewage, waste disposal), to health clinics and education in
the region. Improving these services and resolving the gaps between them, will implicitly lead to the
development of tourism and their partially improvement by using ICT, will result in the improving
of health and social mobility. Examples of action: rehabilitation of water supply systems; wastewater
collection and treatment at low costs; improving waste management, with the support of
separation/sorting of waste; improving access and response capacity in the health sector;
telemedicine; support lifelong learning, creating links between vocational schools and labor markets
and preschool education and care; distance learning etc.
Pillar V: Promoting Efficiency, Affordability and Sustainability.
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Pillar V refers to empowering local authorities to develop and oversee the provision of public
services, being a key factor that would help the development the study area. Local capacity is not the
only one that needs to be strengthened, but also the capacity of all institutions to manage the type
and level of planned projects. Examples of interventions: technical assistance to improve the
administrative capacity, technical assistance for program management, creation of subsidies on
households, etc.
Among the most frequent words in the documents drafts available on the MRDPA website
(http://www.mdrt.ro/dezvoltare-teritoriala/-9749/-3558) are “precarious”, “low”, “limited”,
“inappropriate”, illustrating, unfortunately, the current challenges faced by local communities (“poor
living conditions”, “poor accessibility and low population density”, “limited access to knowledge,
innovation and research results”, “inadequate condition of rural infrastructure”, etc.). Therefore, it is
important to emphasize that the strategy is looking for a balance between protecting the unique
natural and cultural values of DDBR, meeting the aspirations of the inhabitants of the region to
improve living conditions and to identify better economic opportunities.
DDISDS owns the premises to be a truly sustainable strategy in order to strengthen the foundation
for sustainable communities: “natural capital that provides goods and services for the development
of local communities”.
The strategy defines the type of key interventions/ projects in each sector and how they
complement and add their value to the territorial development. Projects are also related to the
financial resources allocated by government ITI instruments and from other sources of funding.
The focus is on providing directions for an economic development without having a significant
negative impact on the environment, particularly in the Delta (ex. The creation of facilities in
tourism, fishing and shipping through dredging and other works, while protecting biodiversity in
wetland; the rehabilitation of existing roads, not building new ones, to improve access for the
population of the Delta; searching and finding affordable solutions to water and sewage facilities,
that local authorities will operate and maintain, for residents with financial possibilities; limited
strategic focus for commercial fishing versus the transition to a recreational fishing with a higher
value; supporting the improvement of current accommodation structures, not building new ones, as
part of the proposal to develop a small-scale tourism, based on nature and culture, until the demand
will guarantee the extension). All areas of the region will be represented in the organization /
management mechanism for ongoing development of tourism.
However, any development comes with some definite changes of the land and, for this reason, the
most challenging part of a strategic environmental assessment is to identify and propose alternatives
with the lowest impact on natural habitats. Such challenges may arise for the transport, fishing,
agriculture and even tourism projects.
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Diagnostic Report
Vision for the Danube Delta
Region (2030)
Needs Assessment Report
DDISDS (2030)
Strategic objective 1
Pillar I
Sectorial objectives:
Strategic objective 2
Pillar II
Biodiversity and ecosystem management;
Tourism;
Energy efficiency;
Fishery
and
aquaculture;
Climate changes;
Disaster Risk Management;
Pollution emergency.
Pillar III
Sectorial
objectives:
Agriculture and
Rural
Development.
WSS and IWM;
Transport;
WM;
ICT.
Healthcare;
Types of interventions / projects
Figure no. 2-1 DDISDS structure (2030)
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Pillar IV
Education;
Social
Inclusion and
Protection.
Pillar V
Sectorial
objectives:
Administrative
Capacity and
Program
Management.
MRDPA
2.1.2
Information regarding the raw materials and the chemical
substances or compounds
Estimated quantities of raw materials, substances or chemicals to be used to implement all types of
interventions/ projects proposed by DDISDS (2030) is not possible at this stage of the analysis,
given the level of detail of the strategy and that it covers a wide range of investments in various
sectors (biodiversity and ecosystem management; energy efficiency; climate change; disaster risk
management; emergencies associated to risk of pollution; agriculture and rural development;
tourism; fishing and aquaculture; transport; information and communications technology; water
supply and sanitation (WSS) and integrated water management (IWM); waste management; health;
education; social inclusion and protection; administrative and program management). This
information will be detailed at a later stage, for each type of intervention / project, during the
environmental proceedings (EIA and AA).
It can be mentioned that for the types of interventions/ projects involving construction works,
significant quantities of earth, sand, crushed stone, ballast, mineral aggregates, concrete, asphalt
mixture, paints, wood, fuels, fuels etc., will be used, according to their specificities.
Depending on the development pillar, the types of interventions/ projects proposed for
implementation within DDISDS involving construction works belong mainly to the following
sectors:
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management;
Disaster Risk Management;
Tourism;
Fishery and aquaculture;
Agriculture and Rural Development;
Transport;
Water supply and sanitation (WSS) and integrated water management (IWM);
Waste Management.
2.2 GEOGRAPHIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE LOCATION
DDISDS (2030) ensures the development framework for a number of types of interventions/
projects in the study area, the Danube Delta Region, which occupies an area of approximately
730,461.50 hectares and includes the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR) and its neighboring
areas.
Danube Delta (DD) is the area referred to as the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR). This
covers: (i) the Core Delta (the area between the Sf. Gheorghe and the Chilia branches of the Danube
River); (ii) the Razim-Sinoe-Babadag lake system and adjacent land areas; and (iii) the area along the
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Danube River west of Tulcea City towards Galaţi. It is the only delta of a river that is contained
entirely within a Biosphere Reserve.
The Study Area – also called the Danube Delta Region - covers DDBR and its Neighboring Area.
The Study Area consists of Tulcea City, four towns (Babadag, Isaccea, Măcin, and Sulina), and thirty
three communes. Four communes (Corbu, Istria, Mihai Viteazu, and Săcele) are located in
Constanţa County, all four bordering the bay area of the Razim-Sinoe lake system. The 38
communes that represent the study area are presented in Table no. 2-1 and Figure no. 2-3.
Table no. 2-1 List of administrative territorial units targeted by the Danube Delta Integrated
Sustainable Development Strategy
No. crt.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
25
Locality
Babadag
Baia
Beştepe
C.A. Rosetti
Ceamurlia De Jos
Ceatalchioi
Chilia Veche
Corbu
Crişan
Frecăţei
Greci
Grindu
I.C.Brătianu
Isaccea
Istria
Jijila
Jurilovca
Luncaviţa
Măcin
Mahmudia
Maliuc
Mihai Bravu
Mihai Viteazu
Mihail Kogălniceanu
Murighiol
Niculiţel
Nufăru
Pardina
Săcele
Sarichioi
Sfântu Gheorghe
Slava Cercheză
Smârdan
Type
Town
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Town
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Town
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
Commune
County
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Constanţa
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Constanţa
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Constanţa
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Constanţa
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
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No. crt.
34
35
36
37
38
Locality
Somova
Sulina
Tulcea
Văcăreni
Valea Nucarilor
Type
Commune
Town
County Capital City
Commune
Commune
County
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
Tulcea
The geographical position of the DDBR is delimited by the following coordinates3:
28º 10’ 50’’ eastern longitude (Cotul Pisicii);
29º 42’ 45’’ eastern longitude (Sulina);
45º 27’ northern latitude (Chilia arm, km 43);
44º 20’ 40’’ northern latitude (Cape Midia).
The reservation is crossed by the 45º parallel, which marks the halfway between the Equator and the
North Pole.
In terms of component physical-geographical units, in accordance with Law no. 82/1993, with
subsequent completions ans modifications, the DDBR, an area of national and international
ecological importance, contains the following:
Danube Delta;
Maritime Danube until Cotul Pisicii;
Isaccea – Tulcea sector with its floodplain;
Murighiol – Plopu saltings;
Razim-Sinoe lake system;
Black Sea coast from the Chilia arm to Cape Midia;
Internal maritime waters and territorial sea up to the 20 m isobath.
The climate of the Danube Delta corresponds to a temperate continental climate with sea
influences. Air temperature shows moderate values with a slight increase from west to east, and the
large amount of heat is given by the average annual duration of sunshine, which is approx. 2.300 –
2.500 hours, annual global solar radiation summing to 125-135 kcal/ cm2, being among the highest
in the country4.
The Danube is the longest river that crosses the EU and the second largest river in Europe after the
Volga, with a length of 2.8405 kilometers, of which 2.415 km are navigable, providing a link between
Central Europe and the Black Sea and, thereby, to the Transcaucasian area and Central Asia6.
26
3
http://www.ddbra.ro/rezervatia/delta-dunarii/localizare
4
http://www.ddbra.ro/rezervatia/delta-dunarii/prezentare-generala/clima-a18
5
http://www.ddbra.ro/dunarea.php
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The Danube Region's economic growth potential is still insufficiently unexploited. Danube was
declared part of the EU Pan-European Transport corridor VII, representing an important waterway,
which connects through the Rhine - Main - Danube the Constanţa port, the industrial centers of
Western Europe and the port of Rotterdam.
In Romania, the Danube has a length of 1075 km and includes four distinct sectors, with the
following characteristics7:
Baziaş – Porţile de Fier II sector: 212 km length;
Porţile de Fier II – Călăraşi sector: 488 km length;
Călăraşi – Brăila sector: 200 km length;
Brăila – Black Sea sector, on the Sulina channel: 175 km length.
The link between the Danube River and the Black Sea is made through two navigable channels:
 Danube – Black Sea channel – located between Constanţa-South Harbor – Agigea, and the
293 km of the Danube;
 Poarta Albă – Midia – Năvodari Channel – has a length of 27.5 km, being located between
Midia harbor, the 0 km of the channel, and the confluence with the Danube – Black Sea
channel, at the km 29 + 41 of the last one, including the 5.5 km length junction, part of the
Poarta Albă – Midia – Năvodari channel, which links Luminiţa harbor from its 3 km.
The study area, Danube Delta region, is located in the south-eastern part of the country, consisting
of the DDBR and its surrounding areas (Figure no. 2-2).
In terms of location in relation to major geographical units, the study area is located in the northeastern part of the Dobrogea Plateau and all over the Danube Delta (Figure no. 2-4), and in relation
to developing regions, the study area is located in the south-east (Figure no. 2-5).
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6
First national contribution to the elaboration of the European Union Strategy for the Danube region.
7
First national contribution to the elaboration of the European Union Strategy for the Danube region
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Figure no. 2-2 Location of the study area – Danube Delta region – within the national territory
Figure no. 2-3 Administrative territorial units targeted by the Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable
Development Strategy
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Figure no. 2-4 Location of the Danube Delta region in relation to the major geographical units
Figure no. 2-5 Location of the Danube Delta region in relation to the development regions
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2.3
PHYSICAL MODIFICATIONS RESULTED FROM THE DDISDS
IMPLEMENTATION
Physical changes that could result from implementing the DDISDS are related to the
implementation of the types of interventions/ projects provided for each development sector
addressed by the strategy. The nature of the DDISDS types of interventions/ projects is very
diverse, belonging to different sectors depending on the pillar of development (see Section 2.1.1).
Projects that could lead to physical changes are, generally, those which involve construction works.
More detailed information about the types of work performed can be exemplified for the transport
sector (more precisely the road transport), from development pillar III, namely “Improving
connectivity”. Thus, for the construction of a km of express road (2x2 lanes, plain topography) and
for the rehabilitation of a km of national road, the usual necessary main categories of works that can
create physical changes are: embankments; scraping, digging, filling; road superstructure; water
drainage; works for traffic safety; consolidation works; hydraulic works; environmental protection
works etc.
Given the diversity of the types of interventions / projects listed by the five development pillars of
DDISDS and the current level of detail, at this point of the analysis a detailed description of the
physical changes that will occur as a result of implementation all these types of interventions /
projects cannot be performed. They will be further detailed in the environmental procedures (EIA /
AA) for each type of intervention / project.
The main types of physical changes that can be generated by the types of interventions / projects
from the DDISDS, which include construction works, are both reversible and irreversible changes
in the short or long term, and that can directly or indirectly affect the physical environment
(hydrogeomorphological) as well as the biological one. In this assessment, to be relevant, all physical
changes were grouped based on the main forms of impact analyzed as follows:
Loss of habitat: any activities which may lead to long-term or irreversible changes of Natura
2000 habitats and habitats of species of community interest (mainly occupied with building
surfaces);
Alteration of habitats: all activities that may affect the short or medium term, reversible,
population parameters of a species of community interest or the optimum conditions of
their habitats;
Disturbance of the activity / natural processes - from animal disturbance caused by
performed activities (human presence, noise) or altering natural processes that ensures the
integrity of habitats.
Further details on the physical changes considered in this appropriate assessment study can be
found in Section 4.3.3.
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2.4
NATURAL RESOURCES NECESSARY FOR THE DDISDS
IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of the types of interventions / projects that will be promoted by DDISDS will
require the use of natural resources (water, renewable resources, non-renewable resources, etc.)
depending on the nature of each type of intervention / project. At the time of analysis, the natural
resources needed to implement the types of interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS cannot
be estimated, nor their quantities, but knowing the sectors of development, we can list some of the
resources that might be used for the types of interventions / projects that require construction
works: sand, mineral aggregates, soils, water, crushed stone, wood etc. Detailed information will be
provided in the environmental procedures (EIA and AA) at project level, regarding the type of
natural resources to be used and quantities required, as these can vary significantly from one type of
project to another.
It is important to note, however, that there will be types of interventions / projects in the DDISDS
aimed at protecting natural resources, including resources within natural protected areas of
community interest and ecosystem restoration projects that are not located in natural protected
areas.
2.5
NATURAL RESOURCES WHICH WILL BE EXPLOITED FROM
THE NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS OF COMMUNITY
IMPORTANCE IN ORDER TO BE USED FOR THE DDISDS
IMPLEMENTATION
As regarding the natural resources that will be used to implement the types of interventions /
projects proposed by SDDIDD, within natural protected areas included in the Natura 2000
ecological network, the main resource is represented by the soil surfaces, which will be occupied
temporarily during the planning and construction activities (e.g.: land occupied by site organization,
warehouses for working materials and machinery etc.) or permanently due to the construction of
new infrastructure elements (buildings, energy facilities, etc.).
It is recommended that work sites, borrow pits, materials warehouses, etc., to be located outside
Natura 2000 sites to minimize the areas affected during the construction works.
2.6
EMISSIONS AND WASTE GENERATED BY THE DDISDS AND
THE METHODS FOR THEIR ELIMINATION
The DDISDS Vision for the Danube Delta Region (2030) has 2030 as the target year, providing a
framework for the implementation of the ITI proposals and the Action Plan (which will include
interventions that are not eligible for ITI financing), whose effects (depending on the specific of
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each type of intervention / project) starting from the operating period, will be reflected on extended
periods of time.
The provided types of interventions / projects aim a broad range of sectors (listed in Section 2.1.2)
and will consist of both investments that involve construction works and that will generate different
emissions and waste in water, air and on ground (e.g. dredging the large lakes to restore water depth,
rehabilitation and modernization of DN 22 Constanţa - Tulcea - Măcin - Brăila, including the
construction of a bridge over the Danube at Brăila, modernization of Tulcea, Sulina, Măcin, Isaccea,
Mahmudia and Chilia ports, development and modernization of airport infrastructure in Tulcea,
Mihail Kogălniceanu commune, rehabilitation of county roads etc.) and investments with positive
effects on the natural environment, impacting over human health and environmental quality (e.g.
reforestation of areas where the natural vegetation has disappeared or deteriorated; development and
implementation of measures to reduce the discharge of waste in natural areas; investments to
support local actions to reduce nitrate pollution of waterways from agriculture or livestock rearing
activities; protect and improve natural resources (soil, water); support for organic farming in Natura
2000 areas; types of investments / projects related to water supply and sanitation (WSS) and
integrated water management; types of investments / projects related to waste management etc.).
2.6.1 Emissions
The main types of emissions that might be generated as a result of implementing the types of
interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS are:
Emissions in water bodies;
Atmospheric emissions;
Emissions on the ground.
Emissions in water bodies
The main source of pollution of surface water and groundwater in the Danube Delta region is
represented by untreated or poorly treated wastewater from human agglomerations (city, towns and
villages - most concentrated residential areas), the main deficiencies of the wastewater collection and
treatment system being8:
the existence of a large number of undersized channels with depositions, damage /
subsidence of channel, important infiltrations and exfiltration;
leaky pipes in the branching connections area, which generate leaks of wastewater;
lack of waste water treatment plants for municipal wastewater;
insufficient human and material resources to ensure proper functioning;
Annual report on the state of the environment in Tulcea County, 2013, http://www.anpm.ro/web/apmtulcea/rapoarte-anuale1
8
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problems due to the impossibility of rapid and complete discharge of storm water during
floods caused by heavy rain conditions which exceed the sizing of the network flow, which
leads to the flooding of streets and adjacent spaces, as well as the deteriorated storm water
pumping stations.
According to the Annual Report on the state of the environment in Tulcea County, 2013, the largest impact
on surface waters, especially in terms of pollution with organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen and
phosphorus), which usually come from household and agricultural wastewater, is caused by the 4
companies that capture, treat and distribute water in the towns of Isaccea, Măcin, Babadag and
Tulcea City, as well as other three types of economic activities from Tulcea: construction and ship
repairs, aluminum production and pig breeding. Thus, it can be observed that, according to the
mentioned source, the activity which has the largest share in the discharge of poorly treated or
untreated wastewater is represented by the water catchment, treatment and distribution activity.
According to the Needs Assessment Report, the needs of water supply, sewerage and wastewater
treatment of the population in the study area, the Danube Delta region, are numerous and can be
divided into the following domains:
New water treatment stations with transport network and distribution for communities that
do not have potable water;
Improving water supply / equipment used in water treatment plants to improve the quality
of the supplied potable water;
Improving the water distribution network by replacing old pipes in order to reduce leaks and
interruptions in the water supply activity;
The collection and treatment of wastewater for communities larger than 2000 inhabitants;
Local solutions for the collection and treatment of wastewater in smaller communities.
Prioritization of the types of interventions / projects was conducted according to several criteria
that take into account the degree of water supply of communities, the existing state of water
treatment plants, the readiness to launch the investment, as well as the local economy and the
touristic potential of the area. Based on these criteria, a score was calculated, communities being
divided hierarchically into two classes: i) communities with a population greater than 2000
inhabitants (to be financed by LIOP) and ii) communities with a population lower than 2000
inhabitants (to be financed by OP Rural Development).
Many other types of interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS include components for
generating and managing wastewater as well as rainwater collected from the transport infrastructure
or rainwater (leachate) collected in waste management systems; investments to support local actions
to reduce nitrate pollution of waterways in agricultural or livestock rearing activities. Measures for
proper management were provided for all of the previous mentioned types of interventions /
projects both in the DDISDS and the environmental report.
In conclusion, DDISDS presents a significant positive contribution to reducing emissions of
pollutants into water bodies in the Danube Delta region.
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Atmospheric emissions
The main sectors proposed for development within the DDISDS that represent the most significant
sources of pollutants in the atmosphere (particulates - PM10 and PM2,5, nitrogen oxides - NOx, sulfur
dioxide - SO2, carbon monoxide – CO, ammonia - NH3, volatile organic compounds - VOC,
benzene and other unburned hydrocarbons) and emissions of greenhouse gases - GHG (carbon
dioxide - CO2, methane - CH4, nitrous oxide - N2O, hydrofluorocarbons - HFCs, perfluorocarbons PFC, sulfur hexafluoride - SF6, aerosols, ozone - O3, water vapor etc.) are transport sector,
agriculture and rural development and waste management.
According to the Annual Report on the state of the environment in Tulcea County, 2013 in Tulcea County in
2013, according to the inventory of emissions, the share of acidifying substances emitted into the
atmosphere is as follows: SO2 - 0.67%, NH3 - 37.96% and NOx - 61.37% (Figure no. 2-6).
0.67%
37.96%
61.37%
NOx
NH3
SO2
Figure no. 2-6 Contribution of acidifying pollutants in Tulcea County – 2013 (source: Annual Report
on the state of the environment in Tulcea County, 2013)
Sulphur dioxide is a highly toxic gas, which can have direct negative effects on biodiversity, human
health (e.g. can lead to soil acidification, degradation of buildings). In 2013, in Tulcea, the main
sectors contributing to the SO2 emissions in the atmosphere and the share of their contributions are
shown in Figure no. 2-7. It can be observed that the sector that had the highest contribution in
terms of SO2 emissions belongs to non-industrial combustion plants.9
9
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4.51%
5.31%
non-industrial combustion
plants
combustions in energy industry
and processing industry
26.73%
combustions in processing
industry
63.45%
production processes
Figure no. 2-7 Share of SO2 emissions by sector
Regarding the evolution of SO2, in Tulcea County, during 2005-2013, there is a clear decrease since
2007, mainly due to decreasing in the use of natural gas instead of liquid fuels (Figure no. 2-8).
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
SO2 (tons)
2010
2011
2012
2013
Figure no. 2-8 Evolution of SO2 emissions in Tulcea County
Ammonia produces negative effects that translate into the acidification and eutrophication of natural
ecosystems. The major contribution in 2013, in Tulcea County, is owned by the livestock rearing
activities sector (especially manure management) representing approx. 68% of total emissions of
NH3, followed by waste treatment and storage activities with a share of 32%10 (Figure no. 2-9).
10
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31.76%
agriculture (zootechnics)
68.24%
waste treatment and disposal
Figure no. 2-9 Share of NH3 emissions by sector
Regarding the evolution of NH3 emissions, in Tulcea County, between 2005 and 2013, it can be
noted that the NH3 emissions fluctuate from year to year, depending on the quantities of manure
produced and the quantities of fertilizers used, meaning that it depends on the development of
agricultural sector (Figure no. 2-10).
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2005
2006
2007
2008 2009
NH3 (tons)
2010
2011
2012
2013
Figure no. 2-10 Evolution of NH3 emissions in Tulcea County
Nitrogen oxides are formed due to the use of conventional fuels, the basic substance that contribute to
the generation of fuels being the nitrogen (which is found in the atmosphere in large quantities), the
high temperatures during the combustion stimulating the reaction that forms the oxide, respectively
the nitrogen dioxide. In 2013, in Tulcea, the main sectors that contributed to the emissions of NOx
in the atmosphere and the share of their contributions are shown in Figure no. 2-11. It can be noted
that the sector that had the highest contribution in terms of NOx emissions is the road transport,
closely followed by the non-industrial combustion plants sector11.
11
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6.86%
road transport
14.76%
32.03%
non-industrial combustion
plants
combustions in energy industry
and processing industry
19.17%
other mobile sources and
machineries
27.18%
combustions in processing
industry
Figure no. 2-11 Share of NOx emissions by sector
Regarding the evolution of NOx emissions, in Tulcea County, between 2005 and 2013, there is a
clear drop since 2007, in 2013 the decrease in NOx emissions being by 3.3% below the previous
year. One reason for this decline is the use of low NOx burners in the HWB from SC Energoterm
SA Tulcea (Figure no. 2-12).
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2005
2006
2007
2008 2009
NOx (tons)
2010
2011
2012
2013
Figure no. 2-12 Evolution of NOx emissions in Tulcea County
From the data presented above we can deduce that in Tulcea County, among the most common
pollutants emitted into the atmosphere are nitrogen oxides and the main sector contributing to their
emission is the road transport sector. Also, it can be noticed that the quantities of NH3 increased
considerably in the recent years due to the development of the agricultural sector (increasing
amounts of manure produced and increasing quantities of fertilizers used).
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In terms of GHG emissions in Tulcea County in 2013, the share of GHG emissions in the
atmosphere was as follows: CO2 – 99.37 %, CH4 – 0.57 % and N2O – 0.06 %12.
0.57%
0.06%
99.37%
CO2
CH4
N2O
Figure no. 2-13 Contribution of GHG in Tulcea County – 2013 (source: Annual report on the state of
the environment in Tulcea County, 2013)
The main sources of GHG in the atmosphere are:
Industrial combustion processes;
Production of thermal energy through thermal power stations;
Production of thermal energy in stations for commercial, institutional and residential
buildings;
Livestock;
Landfilling.
Figure no. 2-14 presents the evolution of annual GHG emissions expressed in thousands of tonnes
CO2 eq., at county level, between 2005 and 2013. Total annual GHG emissions are an indicator of
trends in anthropogenic GHG emissions expressed as CO2 equivalent, transformation achieved
based on the coefficients of global warming.
12
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1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2005
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total emissions of CO2 Eq (thousand tons)
2012
2013
Figure no. 2-14 Total annual emissions of GHG in Tulcea County (expressed in thousands of tonnes
CO2 equivalent)
Regarding the annual GHG emissions (thousands of tonnes CO2 eq.) per capita, i.e. the ratio
between the total annual GHG emissions, expressed as CO2 equivalent, and total population of
Tulcea County in the period 2005-2013, these are presented in Figure no. 2-15.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2005
2006
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
tonnes CO2 Eq / per inhabitant
2012
2013
Figure no. 2-15 Total emissions of GHG per capita in Tulcea County (expressed in tonnes CO2 Eq
per capita)
From the data presented above on GHG, we find that the greenhouse gas that presents a major
contribution to the greenhouse effect is the CO2. Approximately 75% of anthropogenic emissions of
CO2 in the atmosphere over the last 20 years, are caused by burning fossil fuels. The main measures
identified in the Annual Report on the state of the environment in Tulcea County, 2013 to decrease CO2
emissions are:
39

increasing the efficiency of energy facilities;

developing alternative forms of energy generation;
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
modernization of thermal points;

modernization and rehabilitation of secondary thermal networks;

modernization and rehabilitation of hot water transport network;

improvement of thermal insulation;

control and measuring of the delivered heat;

structural changes (reduction of the share of energy-intensive consumer industries);

modernization and rehabilitation of existing technologies;

improving energy management;

increasing the efficiency of agricultural machinery;

modernization of livestock farms;

changing the forest policy by preventing deforestation and expansion of green areas;

increasing the performance of road vehicles;

development of urban and interurban public transport;

use of alternative fuels.
Also, the main measures proposed to reduce emissions of N2O are:

extension of woodland areas;

establishment of young forests, with faster growth, which absorb greater amounts of
emissions compared with aging forests;

use of biomass as a renewable energy source.
According to the same report, policies and measures for reducing GHG emissions plotted for
Romania should be implemented also at local level:
Promotion of energy production from renewable sources;
Promoting energy efficiency at the energy end users;
Promoting cogeneration systems and energy efficiency in district heating systems;
Managing emissions of greenhouse gases from transport;
Land use, land use change and forestry.
Among the actions that have the effect of reducing GHG emissions, implemented in Tulcea so far,
we mention13:
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 21 wind farms were approved until the end of 2013 for obtaining electricity, using Tulcea
County’s wind as a renewable source, available due to climate conditions;
 carbon-rich fossil fuels (fuel oil, light fuel) were replaced with low-carbon fuel or natural gas
thermal plants belonging to operators in Tulcea: ENERGOTERM SA, ALUM SA and SC
DALKIA SA, and to a significant proportion of households in Tulcea;
 during 2013 afforestation and reforestation were carried out on an area of 231 ha and natural
regeneration on an area of 634 ha;
 modernization of the vehicle fleet owned by TRANSPORT PUBLIC SA by replacing
polluting buses, which firstly led to a reduction of the pollution and a more attractive public
transport for citizens, thus may give up using their personal cars.
The types of interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS concern a range of actions that
directly or indirectly contribute to reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere,
respectively GHG, mainly those belonging to the following development sectors addressed by
DDISDS: biodiversity and ecosystem management; energy efficiency; climate change; disaster
risk management; emergency situations associated with pollution risk; agriculture and rural
development; water supply systems and sanitation (WSS) and integrated water management
(IWM); waste management; health. Some of these activities belonging to the types of
interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS coincide with measures identified in the Annual
Report on the state of the environment in Tulcea County, 2013 on reducing CO2 emissions.
Emissions on the ground
According to the Annual Report on the state of the environment in Tulcea County, 2013, the main types
of pressure on soil quality condition identified in Tulcea County are:
applying fertilizers without taking into account the nature of the soil, weather conditions
and plant needs, which can cause a disruption of the ecological balance (especially
through nitrate accumulation);
application of plant protection products (phytosanitary);
the precarious situation of land / agricultural improvement;
natural processes that determine critical areas of land in terms of soil degradation
(landslides, salinization);
accidental pollutions / major environmental accidents.
Regarding the state of the forests, the main human activities that are harmful to forest habitats at
Tulcea County level are: constructions, illegal logging, disorganized tourism, uncontrolled waste
storage and arson. In 2013 an amount of 1323 cubic meters of removed timber was recorded, and
1363 ha of forest have been affected by drought and floods, the damage couldn’t be estimated14.
14
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Types of interventions / projects proposed by SDDIDD consist of a range of actions that reduce
the impact on the soil, belonging to the following areas of development: biodiversity and ecosystem
management; climate change; disaster risk management; emergency situations associated with
pollution risk; tourism; agriculture and rural development; waste management.
Some examples of these types of interventions / projects:
reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has disappeared or been degraded;
development and implementation of measures to reduce waste in natural areas;
works for protection against floods in Babadag, Ceatalchioi, Beştepe, Greci, Vulturu, Ilganii
de Jos, Nufăru, Ilganii de Sus, Luncaviţa, Sulina, Sarichioi, Pardina, Săcele, Sf. Gheorghe;
implementation of a mechanism for innovative and sustainable nature-based tourism
MSME’s and social tourism enterprises for a green local economy;
protection and improvement of natural resources (soil, water);
completion of land restitution and land book registration for land/farms consolidation;
support for environment-friendly agricultural activities within Natura 2000 sites;
investments in WM Systems for handling separated waste (waste separation at source,
collection, sorting and transportation facilities);
composting bins for rural households to process the biodegadrable waste;
collection of floating waste in river channels;
investments in treatment and disposal facilities for construction and demolition waste;
public education and awareness program on waste management.
On the other hand, we note that there are other types of interventions / projects proposed by
DDISDS which, by their nature, can generate emissions on the ground, namely those that require
the construction works, or in the event of accidental pollution. Please note, however, that these can
be avoided by complying with Waste / emissions management plans, respectively Plans for
preventing and control of accidental pollution.
2.6.2 Waste
As a result of the implementation of the DDISDS, waste (in water, in air, on the surface where
wastes are stored) could be generated especially after the implementation of types of interventions /
projects involving construction works (related to the sectors listed in section 2.1.2).
The amounts and types of waste generated as a result of implementing the types of interventions /
projects mentioned in DDISDS cannot be estimated at this time of the evaluation, knowing the
current level of detailing of the DDISDS (2030) and the fact that it covers a wide range of
investments in various sectors (see section 2.1.2). This information will be detailed later for each
type of intervention / project as a part of the environmental proceedings (EIA and AA).
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It should be mentioned, however, that DDISDS provides a number of types of interventions /
projects in the waste management sector that will improve the current waste management situation
in the Danube Delta region as:
Investments in WM Systems for Handling Separated Waste (waste separation at source,
collection, sorting and transportation facilities);
Composting bins for rural households to process the biodegradable waste;
Collection of Floating Waste in River Channels;
Investments in treatment and disposal facilities for construction and demolition waste;
Public education and awareness program on waste management.
Sectorial objectives established for this sector are:
 Improving the recycling rate in order to achieve the EU objective of 50%, to which Romania
committed;
 Effective implementation of waste reduction, reuse and recycling of waste in local
communities ensuring an effective and sustainable management, resource conservation,
environmental protection and development of touristic destinations;
 Floating waste management.
By achieving these strategic objectives for the Danube Delta Region, it is expected:

a significantly improvement of the collection rate, especially in rural areas by providing
efficient collection and transportation services in the next budget cycle;

an increase of the separation of waste at source, through public awareness and changes in
the behavior of locals and tourists;

a decrease of the volume of waste disposed in landfills by promoting recycling and through
other methods of treatment.
2.6.3 Noise
Noise is a significant stress factor for the wild species.
By implementing the types of interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS, noise can be
generated both in execution phases and in periods of operation of different types of interventions /
projects. Given their diversity and the actual level of detail of the DDISDS, it should be mentioned
that at this time of evaluation is not possible to estimate noise levels for each type of intervention /
project proposed to be conducted. However, this analysis will be performed in environmental
studies (AA and EIA) for each individual project.
All activities that involve the existence of noise sources located within or in the neighborhood of
Natura 2000 sites may generate negative impact on fauna. Types of interventions / projects
proposed by SDISDS that might represent the most significant noise source belong to the transport
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sector, whose negative effects can be experienced over distances up to 700 m (e.g. affecting the
reproduction and nesting areas of bird species).
There are quite little information in literature on the effects of noise on species of community
interest, and in general on Natura 2000 sites in Romania, but in recent years useful information
appeared on urban noise monitoring in the main agglomerations and on some sources of noise such
as road and rail sectors. This information was taken and used in this study.
Among the main effects that can occur regarding the fauna as a result of a higher noise level, are
mentioned:
increase of the noise level (as compared to the natural background noise) from 3 up to 10 dB
(A) may cause a decrease in the warning distances of wild animals by 30 up to 90%15;
decline of grassland birds living in meadows occurs at overruns above 48 dB (A) and for
forest species at noise levels over 42 dB (A)16;
behavioral changes when emitting sounds of mating for amphibians and in some cases, a
complete loss of vocalization;
disturbance of the species of reptiles by affecting daily activity patterns and reproduction.
Most of the data underlying the above comes from investigations of the noise generated by roads,
the effects of intermittent noises deployed for short periods of time or generated by actual operation
of energy facilities, stations treatment etc., being lesser known. In general, recommended distances
to avoid such disturbances are 200 meters for environmental impact activities and can reach up to
500 m for high impact activities17. It is recommended that the same distances to be maintained
towards hibernacula.
Noise sources are often vibration generators. In fact, almost all field activities involving human
presence are generating vibrations, most of which can be felt and animals, depending on the species
and the distance towards the generating source.
At the moment, according to EEA18 (European Environment Agency), at the sites of community
interest in the Danube Delta region, the main existing pressures / threats (inside the sites or in their
vicinity) that generate noise are:
transport corridors: roads, highways;
industrial or commercial zones;
port areas;
urbanized areas, human presence;
other industrial / commercial areas;
44
15
The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms, 2010
16
Roads and their major ecological effects, 1998
17
Canadian Wildlife Service, 2009
18
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-5
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campsites and parking areas for campers;
outdoor sports and recreational activities, leisure activities;
structures for sport and recreation.
DDISDS proposes a number of types of interventions / projects in the tourism sector, having as
main goal the development of the Danube Delta Region as an integrated tourism destination with a
rich portfolio of sustainable products and services, based on natural and cultural attractions, along
with relevant marketing activities. It also proposes the institutionalization of a Destination
Management Organizations (DMO) in the Danube Delta, whose main role will be to coordinate
relations with other public, private and non-governmental organizations operating in important
socio-economic areas.
2.7 REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO LAND USE, NECESSARY FOR
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DDISDS
DDISDS aims to implement projects / types of interventions proposed to be located in the whole
territory of DDBR and surrounding area, having the role to address, manage and solve the problems
identified in several activity sectors.
Land use in the study area, according to Corine Land Cover 2006, is shown in Figure no. 2-16.
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Figure no. 2-16 Land use in the study area according to Corine Land Cover 2006
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The following table shows the land areas that will be permanently and temporarily occupied by
projects / types of interventions proposed for implementation, based on the code and land use
category, according to Corine Land Cover 2006. The methodology based on which were calculated
is presented in section 4.3.3.1.
Table no. 2-2 Land occupied, permanently or temporarily, depending on the code and land use
category
Land occupied
Land occupied
Code and land use category
permanently (ha)
temporarily (ha)
112 - Discontinuous urban fabric
0.04
1446.86
121 - Industrial or commercial units
3.84
608.50
123 - Port areas
206.15
131 - Mineral extraction sites
0.02
1.56
132 - Dump sites
21.49
133 - Construction sites
141 - Green urban areas
0.38
142 - Sport and leisure facilities
37.16
211 - Non-irrigated arable land
509.43
470.72
221 - Vineyards
18.34
17.38
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
16.45
9.87
231 - Pastures
27.47
89.70
242 - Complex cultivation patterns
8.87
38.96
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture.
15.15
10.32
with significant areas of natural vegetation
311 - Broad-leaved forest
39.06
96.85
321 - Natural grasslands
30.45
36.49
324 - Transitional woodland-shrub
8.31
10.65
331 – Beaches, dunes, sands
9.64
411 - Inland marshes
9.11
96.21
421 - Salt marshes
1.71
511 - Water courses
184.37
512 - Water bodies
1.67
30.90
523 - Sea and ocean
0.03
Total
688.21
3425.88
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2.8 SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES REQUIRED BY THE DDISDS
IMPLMENTATION
The implementation of the types of interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS may involve the
development of additional services, which requires identifying ways in which accessing these
additional services could affect the integrity of natural protected areas of community interest, in case
they overlap or they are located in their immediate neighborhood.
Potential additional services are those related to: dismantling / relocation of pipelines, objectives,
power lines, construction / development of related facilities, occupying additional land areas larger
than the ones required by the investment, etc., and may occur mainly in those types of interventions
/ projects involving construction works (see section 2.1.2).
Given the diversity and the current degree of detail of the types of interventions / projects that are
proposed by DDISDS, the estimation of the additional services required to implement all of these
types of interventions / projects is difficult to perform at this time of evaluation. These additional
services could occur within those types of interventions / projects involving the rehabilitation /
expansion of road infrastructure works, expanding the operating capacity of ports, construction of
passenger terminals in the airports, modernization or construction works on water and sewage
networks, where it may be necessary to decommission existing buildings, to build power lines etc.
We believe that this aspect should be looked at by type of intervention / project on a case by case
basis in environmental procedures (AA or EIA).
Regarding the potential impact on the Natura 2000 network we consider the necessity for any
additional activities deriving from the implementation of the types of interventions / projects
proposed, to be rigorously analyzed their opportunity or their location within the immediate vicinity
of protected natural areas of community interest. It is preferable that all possible additional services
necessary for the types of interventions / projects not to be placed / located inside or in the
immediate vicinity of protected natural areas of community interest.
2.9 DURATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION, FUNCTIONING,
DISMANTLING AND THE SCHEDULING OF THE DDISDS
IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD
Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable Development Strategy (2030) is based on five pillars and aims
the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and its surrounding areas (a total of 38 administrativeterritorial units). The Development Vision for the Danube Delta Region and DDISDS, having 2030 as
target year, provide a framework for the ITI proposal and Action Plan until 2020 (possibly by 2022,
if the EC will grant a similar extension to the one granted in the previous programming period)19,
but not all the needs identified in the Needs Assessment Report can be solved by 2020. Thus, while the
19
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Development Vision for the Delta Region and the outlined DDISDS has 2030 as the time horizon, they
will be initially used as a result for a proposed ITI investment program – 2020 as the time horizon
and a wider Action Plan by 2030. The Action Plan comprises inclusively interventions that are not
eligible from ITI funds.
To be harnessed, DDISDS role is to provide implementable solutions to problems and requirements
identified in the Needs Assessment Report. The term of the projects proposed for implementation
within DDISDS is 15 years.
Currently, not all the types of interventions / projects to be implemented by DDISDS until 2030 are
known with certainty, nor how they will be implemented, their exact location or their timetable for
implementation. The Action Plan will describe the future prioritized types of interventions /
projects (details at priority projects level, with dedicated funding from the OPs) and will help to
operationalize their implementation, together with other specifications on their order, preparations
for implementation and monitoring and evaluation systems. Within the Action Plan is presented an
implementation schedule for the main interventions / projects mentioned in SIDDDD, for the time
horizon 2016 – 2020. We mention that in the absence of a detailed timetable for the implementation
of all types of interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS, we could not take into account the
temporal dynamics of impacts in this study.
2.10 ACTIVITIES THAT WILL BE GENERATED AS RESULT OF THE
DDISDS IMPLEMENTATION
The types of activities that will be generated as a result of the implementation of the types of
interventions / projects proposed by DDISDS can be very different, depending on the development
sector. Possible types of activities that can be generated as a result of implementing the types of
proposed interventions / projects structured by the sector that they address and the development
pillar to which each sector belongs are presented in Table no. 2-3.
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Table no. 2-3 Types of possible activities that will be generated as a result of the implementation of the types of interventions / projects proposed by
DDISDS (2030)
Possible activities that will be generated as a result of the implementation of
the proposed interventions / projects
Pillar I - Protecting the environmental and natural resource assets
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management
Development and implementation of measures to reduce waste in natural areas;
Border demarcation and signage of strictly protected areas and their buffer
areas, sport fishing areas, touristic routes, camping, parking areas, etc. with
development and implementation of a monitoring and information system,  decontamination activities and general ecological recovery of degraded or
including appropriate technology such as motion-activated cameras,
abandoned land, with emphasis on those areas that are located near protected
watchtowers, etc.;
areas;
Improve evidence-based management by developing and implementing a  establishment of collection centers and infrastructure required for recycling
modern/efficient monitoring system and predictive model for sedimentation
waste;
dynamics in the Danube Delta;
 signaling activities for strictly protected areas;
An in-depth institutional analysis (functional review) of DDBRA and the
associated administrative reforms with the aim of improving its managerial  access monitoring activities in strictly protected areas as a result of implementing
the signaling system;
performances, and the legislative framework governing the management of
DDBR area to allow local residents to become active participants in guarding  monitoring and forecasting activities of the dynamics of the sedimentation
process in the Danube Delta;
and managing the natural resource. Capacity building measures for the

information and promotion activities concerning the importance of protecting
communities and DDBRA;
and management of the natural resources;
Equipment and operating costs for physical interventions to restore natural
 maintenance work on the channels (dredging / desilting);
water circulation and key habitat areas;
Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000”  mapping and inventorying activities of Natura 2000 species and habitats;
network for species of European conservation concern, together with  inventorying activities for livestock in the Danube Delta region;
development of an integrated monitoring system covering the whole DD area  activities of monitoring and evaluation of the conservation status of species and
(including cross-border areas), supporting evidence-based decision making and
habitats belonging to the Natura 2000 network;
community participation.;
 ecological reconstruction works;
Studies and TA for biodiversity conservation and restoration of ecosystems and
 scientific research and monitoring of the processes related to river-delta sea
natural habitats within “Natura 2000” network affected by anthropic impact;
systems;
Identify additional poldered areas eligible for ecological restoration. This will

pest management activities;
include feasibility studies and technical projects for the restoration of natural
habitats affected by non-ecological activities in agricultural, fishery and forestry  reed harvest activities.
polders - integral or partial ecological restoration works;
Natural capital accounting studies to determine the highest value uses of land
and natural resources for optimal management;
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Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has disappeared or
been degraded;
Investments to support local action to reduce nitrate pollution of the waterways
from agricultural and livestock rearing activities;
Development of an International Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube
Delta – Black Sea for biodiversity preservation;
Integrated pest management – develop and implement an integrated pest
management strategy for mosquitoes;
Integrated reed management strategy.
Energy efficiency
Promoting the use of renewable energy sources. Investments in pilot projects
promoting the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar energy, heat
pumps, biomass, micro-hydro etc.) and non-pollutant technologies, including  monitoring activities of the projects aiming the use of the renewable sources of
energy;
the development and introduction of environmentally friendly propulsion
systems in the Delta;
 maintenance activities of public buildings;
Improving the energy efficiency of public buildings (schools, hospitals,  maintenance activities for some equipment;
administrative buildings, etc.);
 maintenance works for overhead and underground lines.
Extending and improving the energy efficiency of public lighting;
Support for improving energy efficiency of households.
Climate change
Create a CC partnership platform, including a community-driven climate
adaptation fund targeted at low income families; a micro grant or loan
mechanism to support SMEs; and a partnership facility to promote private public collaboration for innovative climate actions;
 monitoring activities of the proper functioning of the CC partnership platform;
Designate a unit with a clear mandate to address climate change issues, with a  local governments and private sector staff training activities on the use of the CC
small number of dedicated and knowledgeable staff, and capable of working
partnership platform.
cross-sector;
Develop clear and easy to use local guidelines for climate change and energy
efficiency programs.
Disaster risk management
Provision of special machinery and equipment for interventions by IES and  developing a training system of the IES and SMURD staff concerning the proper
SMURD in disaster situations;
use of the special machineries and equipments for interventions;
Works for protection against floods in fourteen (14) towns/communes;

maintenance activities for equipment and for special vehicles that are used;
Modernization, rehabilitation and construction of Inspectorate for Emergency
Situations (IES) infrastructure facilities in TULCEA + Măcin + Crişan +  bed regulation, reshaping creek, bank consolidation, wall protection works etc.;
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Babadag + Topolog;
Create and maintain an inter-institutional risk factor database.
 monitoring activities to ensure the success of the implemented measures.
Pollution emergency
Complete coherent and comprehensive pollution emergency response and
prevention plans, covering both water and land, and both mobile and fixed
 inter-institutional intervention staff training activities in cases of pollution
sources of pollution;
incidents;
Create an inter-institutional Pollution Emergency Response Team;
Purchase of equipment to enable the first response team to quickly access  maintenance activities for equipment and for special vehicles that are used;
pollution incident sites in the Core Delta;
 monitoring activities to ensure the success of the implemented measures.
Create and maintain an inter-institutional environmental liability data-base for
data sharing and better coordination across agencies.
Pillar II - Improving the Economy
Tourism
 ecotourism activities;
The establishment and development of tourism infrastructure;
The institutionalization of a Danube Delta Destination Management  intensification of activities such as hiking, cycling, horse riding, water sports etc.;
 signaling activities for important places for tourists;
Organization (DMO);
Design and implementation of a destination-wide program for product and  developing a local management and yield management in tourism development
policy;
attraction development;
Support mechanism for innovative and sustainable nature-based tourism  detailed assessment activities for existing locations and tourist attractions that can
MSMEs & social tourism enterprises for green local economy;
be converted into new travel offers;
A region-wide program for beautification of settlements;
 maintenance activities of public buildings, accommodation facilities, historical
Program for improved quality of accommodation facilities and services;
monuments etc.;
Cultural heritage interventions (rehabilitation, preservation, etc.);
 creation and growth of micro, small and medium companies that offer natural
Development of a destination interpretation (learning) program;
touristic services to build a green local economy;
Develop and roll out program for emergency and first aid for tourism workers,  entrepreneurship activities;
service providers;
 intensification of commercial activities;
Develop a specialized tourism research observatory.
 intensification of related activities.
Fishery and aquaculture
Reduce sedimentation in major lakes with the installation of stop locks;
 intensification of tourism activities;
Dredge major lakes to restore water depth;
Support transition from commercial to recreational fishing (Improve  intensification of commercial activities;
ecotourism venues to accommodate the needs of recreational fishers; Promote  enhancing research and development activities within research institutes, public
institutions and associations of fishermen.
and provide training in sustainable recreational fishing (catch-and-release
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fishing etc.);
Support artificial reproduction of valuable species like pike and zander and
construct simple landing facilities in places of fisher concentrations;
Improve fish habitat;
Regulate or eliminate uncontrolled fish camping;
Consider some tax incentives, like the elimination of the water tax;
Improve fisheries data collection and analysis;
Replace or modify cherhana based system;
Strengthen analytical capacity at DDNRI;
Improve fisheries research and development activities in research institutes,
public institutions and fishermen associations;
Improve Aquaculture;
Support small scale fish processing. Diversify home and village level fish
processing by introducing small scale canning units (for Gibel carp and other
low value fish like roach and bream) and improve smoking systems (small
electric smokers); mainly to produce delicacies to visiting tourists.
Agriculture and rural development
Modernization of facilities for collection / processing / marketing of
agricultural produce;
Modernization of rural infrastructure (water, sanitation, roads, schools,
dispensaries etc.);
Jobs creation;
Protection and improvement of natural resources (soil, water);
 intensification tourism activities;
Completion of land restitution and land book registration for land/farms  intensification of commercial activities;
consolidation;
 creation of new jobs in non-agricultural sectors such as tourism, services, crafts,
Support for environment-friendly agricultural activities within Natura 2000
logistics, etc.;
sites;
 vocational education training activities for agriculture;
Enlarge the access to vocational education for agriculture;
 development of tourist centers supplying activities;
Modernization of quality control systems for agricultural products;
Improved information on local and European financing, including projects  consultancy and training activities for farmers / rural workforce.
preparation;
Improvement of Advisory/consulting and training activity for farmers / rural
labor;
Fostering organic farming activities;
Take-up of farming activities by young generations;
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Modernization/rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure;
Consolidation and modernization of small farms;
Creation of small businesses outside agriculture;
Modernization of technical endowment of farms;
Bottom-up initiatives for local development;
Afforestation of agricultural and non-agricultural land in the Danube Delta
region;
Conservation of local patrimony and traditions (including handicrafts);
Release of land through concessions by Tulcea County Council;
Exit of old farmers and transfer of assets;
Foster establishment of producer groups/organizations;
Stimulate creation of short supply chains for the benefit of tourism activities;
Support branding/certification of agricultural products and their marketing on
international markets;
Provide incentives to maintain agricultural activities in core Delta;
Support rehabilitation of flood protection infrastructure;
Enable participation of farmers and processors to risk management tools;
Educational infrastructure upgrade (especially for primary and secondary
education).
Pillar III - Improving connectivity
Transport
Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanţa - Tulcea - Măcin - Brăila,
including the construction of a bridge over Danube at Brăila;
Modernization of County Road DJ229E, Section I and II, NICULITEL –  service areas (including gas stations);
 intensification of road transport of passengers and freight;
ZEBIL – SARICHIOI;
 intensification of water transport of passengers and freight;
Modernization of County Road DJ222N, Tulcea – Pardina - Chilia Veche;
Modernization of County Road DJ226:Tronson DN22B-Corbu-Săcele-Istria-  intensification of air transport of passengers and freight;
MihaiViteazu;
Modernization of Tulcea, Sulina, Măcin, Isaccea, Mahmudia and Chilia ports;
 intensification of related activities;
Development and modernization of airport infrastructure;
 intensification of ways of transport between several types of transport (road, rail,
Modernization of county roads (regional transport infrastructure):
air);
• DJ222B Baia- Ceamurlia de Sus;
 intensification of tourism activities.
• DJ222 Visina- Ceamurlia de Sus;
• DJ 223A Enisala – Babadag – Slava Rusă, km 54+724-38+798;
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• route Cetatea Histria - DN22/ Tariverde.
Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina Channel.
Information and communication technology
Internet / ultra-fast internet for green tourism;
Improvement of e-government services and local public monitoring systems;
Support of ICT for businesses through e-portal and grant facility;
Formulating and implementing open data policies;
Increasing vertical integration of ICT innovation solutions in the local
economy;
Increasing private investments in RDI and encouraging the demand for RDI;

Increasing knowledge, technology and staff transfer with RDI skills by means

of partnerships between private and research environment;
Increasing the excellence of scientific basis as engine for innovation, by 
developing RD infrastructure;
Increasing the involvement in EU level research by unlocking the excellence
potential in RDI, such as within the framework program Horizon 2020 and by
attracting talents and advanced skills to the RDI national system;
Developing ITC infrastructure and systems and digital skills to support
education, health, online culture and digital inclusion.
intensification of tourism activities;
intensification of commercial activities;
intensification of related activities.
Pillar IV - Providing basic services
Water supply and sanitation and integrated water management
 collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater;
Types of interventions / projects that aim water supply and sanitation and  sludge management in the wastewater treatment process;
integrated water management in areas with an equivalent population greater
 potable water treatment and monitoring of the substances that are discharged
than 2000 inhabitants;
into waters;
Types of interventions / projects that aim water supply and sanitation and

rehabilitation and expansion of transport and distribution systems for potable
integrated water management in areas with an equivalent population greater
water;
lower 2000 inhabitants.
 maintenance and repairs of equipment that is used in the activities.
Waste management
Collection of Floating Waste in River Channels;
 floating waste collection activities on river channels;
Investments in WM Systems for Handling Separated Waste (waste separation at
 collection and transport activities of waste from the localities located in the DD;
source, collection, sorting and transportation facilities);
 MBT activities for waste;
Public education and awareness program on waste management;
 information and promoting activities, at non-formal or educational level, of a
Composting bins for rural households to process the biodegradable waste;
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Investments in treatment and disposal facilities for construction and demolition
proper management of waste, both to locals and tourists;
waste;
 composting of biodegradable waste activities in rural areas;
Recovering waste collected from households and economic agents.
 treatment and disposal activities of construction and demolition waste, with focus
on recycling and reuse;
 waste valorification activities.
Healthcare
Consolidate the response capacity of Public Health Directorate (PHD) by
designing and implementing an environmental health surveillance system;
Rehabilitation/modernization of facilities, and IT equipment;
Modernization and equipment, and organize a functional building block at
Tulcea Emergency Hospital (including for integrated ambulatory department),
and for Macin Hospital;
 appropriate maintenance activities for IT and laboratory equipment, as well as for
Rehabilitation /transformation of TB pavilion at Tulcea Emergency Hospital to
auto vehicles;
a social accommodation center (residential care shelter);
 medical staff training activities in order to strengthen the capacity of public health
Create public ambulatory centers by rehabilitating closed hospital buildings in
surveillance, as well as the capacity of early warning and coordinated response to
Babadag and Sulina;
public health emergencies, natural and human disasters;
Ensure interoperability of medical information systems at health care level
 monitoring activities to ensure the success of the implemented measures;
(telemedicine and e-health);
Reforms to increase cost-effectiveness of sector governance/management  information, education and communication activities on a healthy and hygienic
living environment;
(hospital payment mechanism to incentivize public ambulatory, family doctor,

and telemedicine systems);
Information, education and communication campaigns on healthy and  intensification of related activities.
hygienic environment;
Ambulances for emergency care and rehabilitation civil works;
Provide area specific training for medical professionals;
Increase the prevalence of health programs focused on prevention and
screening.
Education
Provision of relevant, accessible and incentivized LLL programmes in  activities that will include counseling services, support for partnerships with
sustainable tourism, agriculture and fishery in Community Centers for
companies through internships and apprenticeships, training mechanisms and
Permanent Learning;
incentives, provision of spaces for workshops in VET schools;
Creating an Education & Training Network for students living in remote areas

or with less than 2000 population to provide access to primary and lower
secondary quality education for all;
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Provide support for creating VET schools that are relevant, attractive and
inclusive, and which produce a workforce with knowledge & skills of
international standard and relevance to the global demands of the nature-based
tourism and recreational fishing market;
Enhance kindergartens and nursery services through development, support,
rehabilitation and provision of equipment to increase access to early childhood
education and care (ECEC);
Bring Early school leavers back to school through school after school and
second chance programs;
Create partnerships between employers, E&T providers and research bodies to
ensure better performance of education system in addressing labor market
needs.
Social inclusion and protection
Develop early childhood (0-6 years) institutional infrastructure in communities
with high share of Roma;
Scaling up school mediators in schools with high percentage of Roma;
Implementing community grants for educational intervention;
 creating new jobs for mediators;
Facilitate regularization of property rights;
 counseling activities.
Other social protection interventions;
SME subsidies for job placement for NEETs in relevant fields;
Improve digital literacy among the Roma and vulnerable groups;
Increase the access to as well as the efficiency of social service provision.
Pillar V - Promoting efficiency, affordability and sustainability
Administrative capacity and program management
Strengthening local administrative capacity for strategic planning and
budgeting, decision making, human resource management and monitoring and
evaluation;
Identification, development and implementation of measures to increase
transparency, inclusiveness, ethics and integrity, and reduce corruption in  capacity and support strengthening activities offered through technical assistance
public authorities and institutions;
for the development of government entities in the DD region;
Technical Assistance (TA) for ITI program management;
 creation of new administrative spaces.
Revise regulations to improve the design of household subsidies to improve
affordability of services, and a more efficient targeting and use of financial and
natural resources;
Improving access and quality of services provided by the judicial system;
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Actions intended to ensure the coordination between the public institutions
dealing with the conservation of biodiversity and the ecological reconstruction
of the Danube Delta;
The development and implementation of online services.
Other categories
 modernization activities of local roads/ streets, community and sports units and
other community facilities;
 working to improve public spaces;
 rehabilitation measures;
Urban Renewal Interventions.
 intensification of tourism activities;
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2.11 CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTENT, PROPOSED OR
APPROVED PP, WHICH MAY GENERATE CUMULATIVE
IMPACT WITH DDISDS AND WHICH MAY AFFECT THE
NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS OF COMMUNITY
IMPORTANCE
DDISDS (2030) provides the development framework for a number of types of interventions /
projects planned in the Danube Delta region. The types of interventions / projects cover several
activity sectors (see section 2.1.2), but those that can potentially generate cumulative impact with
other existing, proposed or approved PP, and that may affect natural protected areas of the Danube
Delta region are those that require the construction works.
An analysis in order to quantify the cumulative impact of DDISDS with other proposed / existing
or approved plans or projects, it is impossible to perform at this time due to the current spatial
details for both types of interventions / projects provided for DDISDS as well as the fairly vague
spatial information about the location of other proposed PP in the Danube Delta region.
In the actual form of DDISDS, project which may generate cumulative impacts with existinting
activities or proposed plans and projects are represented by:

All transport interventions;

Interventions for flood risk management;

Modernization of Tulcea, Sulina, Macin, Isaccea, Mahmudia and Chilia ports;

Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina Channel.
Whitout the implementation of some appropriate avoidance and mitigation measures, these projects
may generate moderate to significant impacts in areas where several other pressures already exist
(see section 4.1). The most important examples are:
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
Cummulative impacts on fishes, particularly on sturgeon species by the interventions for
ports modernisation and Sulina Channel rehabilitation (e.g. the dredging interventions for
maintaining the navigable depths presenting negative effects on wetlands, leading to the
possibility of their extinction by lowering the groundwater level etc.). Species like Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii, Huso huso or Acipenser stellatus, which are critically endangered, are still facing a
decline despite the prohibition established in 2006, mainly due to the illegal fishing. This
species may be supplementary affected by the above mentioned interventions;

Transportation projects, particularly the extention of national road 22, may add significant
contribution to the impact on steppe habitats and one of the few forests in Dobrogea
region: Babadag forest (the route of the national road 22 should be upgraded to an express
road, involving its enlargement and bypassing localities, leading implicitly to loss and
alteration of the adjacent habitats). Such impact will add to the process of wind parks and
quarries (with their additional infrastructure) expansions of the last decade.
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DDISDS projects mentioned above have to implement adequate measures at the project level, based
on the appropriate assessments studies, in order to avoid and mitigate potential impacts on Natura
2000 components. Such measures should avoid potential cumulative impacts generated by the
implementation of the Strategy.
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3 INFORMATION ABOUT THE NATURAL
PROTECTED AREAS OF COMMUNITY
INTEREST
AFFECTED
BY
THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF DDISDS
3.1 DATA CONCERNING THE NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS OF
COMMUNITY INTEREST THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF DDISDS
3.1.1 General information regarding Natura 2000 network from
Danube Delta Region
General information on Natura 2000 network and its legal framework
The Natura 2000 network was established in 1992 and is the largest ecological network of protected
areas in the world, comprising Sites of Community Importance (SCIs, designated for protection of
habitats and species from Annexes I and II of the Habitats Directive) and Special Protection Areas
(SPAs, designated for protection of bird species from Annex I of the Birds Directive). By creating
Natura 2000 network a special regime for the protection of the natural habitats and wild species of
flora and fauna was established, as well as for the wild bird species, present on the European Union
territory, that are considered rare, have a restricted range or highly fragmented or are threatened
with extinction, protecting, in the same time, other species and natural habitats that are not found in
Annexes I and II of the Habitats Directive or Annex I of the Birds Directive. The Natura 2000
ecological network was established not only for the protection of the wild species of flora and fauna
and natural habitats, but also for their conservation, preserving the diversity of natural capital,
promoting traditional activities and long-term sustainable development.
Two European Union directives were the cornerstone of the Natura 2000 network, governing the
selection, designation and protection of habitats, species and sites:
Birds Directive - Council Directive 79/409 EEC on the conservation of wild birds, abrogated
and amended in 30 November 2009 with Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds, comprises 7 Annexes, in Annex I being
listed species for which are required special conservation measures concerning their habitat in
order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution;
Habitats Directive – Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of
natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, comprises 6 Annexes, in Annex I being listed the
types of natural habitats of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of
special areas of conservation, while in Annex II are listed animal and plant species of community
interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation.
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The two European Directives were transposed into the Romanian legislation through Government
Emergency Ordinance no. 57/ 2007 on the regime of protected natural areas, conservation of
natural habitats, wild flora and fauna, approved with amendments and supplements by Law no. 49/
2011, as amended and supplemented subsequent by Law no. 73/ 2015 approving Government
Ordinance no. 20/ 2014 for amending GEO no. 57/ 2007 on the regime of protected natural areas,
conservation of natural habitats, wild flora and fauna, which contains in addition to the species listed
in Directives, which are found in our country's territory, those species considered important for
Romania, requiring a special protection regime. Also, GEO no. 57/ 2007 contains an additional
annex (Annex 4B) in which are presented species of national interest requiring strict protection.
Protected natural areas and Natura 2000 network in Danube Delta Region
The study area is represented by DDBR (the area between the Sf. Gheorghe and the Chilia branches
of the Danube River; the Razim-Sinoe-Babadag lake system and adjacent land areas; and the area
along the Danube River west of Tulcea City towards Galaţi) and its neighboring area, which together
form the so-called „Danube Delta Region”.
The Danube Delta Region consists of Tulcea City, four towns (Babadag, Isaccea, Măcin, and Sulina)
and thirty three communes, respectively a total number of 38 territorial administrative units (see
section 2.2 - Table no. 2-1).
On the territory of the study area, Danube Delta Region, the following types of natural protected
areas are present, with differentiated regime of protection, conservation and use:
Of international interest: Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, natural heritage site of universal
value (included in List of World Natural and Cultural Heritage), wetland area of international
importance (RAMSAR site);
Of national interest: Danube Delta National Park (according to the IUCN international
taxonomy, category II), Munţii Măcinului National Park and 29 scientific and natural
reserves: Arinişul Erenciuc, Capul Doloşman, Cetatea Histria, Complexul PeriteascaLeahova, Complexul Sacalin Zătoana , Complexul Vătafu Lungule, Corbu-Nuntaşi-Histria,
Dealul Deniz tepe, Dealurile Beştepe, Grindul Chituc, Grindul Lupilor, Grindul şi Lacul
Răducu, Insula Ceaplacea, Insula Popina, Insula Prundul cu Păsări, Lacul Belciug, Lacul
Nebunu, Lacul Potcoava, Lacul Rotundu, Ostrovul Prut, Pădurea Babadag-Codru, Pădurea
Caraorman, Pădurea Letea, Rezervaţia botanică Korum Tarla, Rezervaţia de liliac Fântâna
Mare, Rezervaţia Geologică Agighiol, Roşca Buhaiova, Sărăturile Murighiol, Valea Fagilor, of
which 6 are located outside the DDBR (Dealul Deniz Tepe, Dealurile Beştepe, Pădurea
Babadag-Codru, Rezervaţia botanică Korum Tarla, Rezervaţia Geologică Agighiol and Valea
Fagilor) (Figure no. 3-1);
Of community interest (Natura 2000 sites): on the study area are overlapping, partly or fully, 8
Sites of Community Importance: ROSCI0012 Braţul Măcin, ROSCI0060 Dealurile
Agighiolului, ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării, ROSCI0066 Delta Dunării - zona marină,
ROSCI0067 Deniz Tepe, ROSCI0105 Lunca Joasă a Prutului, ROSCI0123 Munţii Măcinului
and ROSCI0201 Podişul Nord Dobrogean (Figure no. 3-2) and 12 Special Protection
Areas: ROSPA0009 Beştepe – Mahmudia, ROSPA0019 Cheile Dobrogei, ROSPA0031
Delta Dunării şi Complexul Razim – Sinoie, ROSPA0032 Deniz Tepe, ROSPA0040
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Dunărea Veche - Braţul Măcin, ROSPA0052 Lacul Beibugeac, ROSPA0060 Lacul Taşaul –
Corbu, ROSPA0073 Măcin – Niculiţel, ROSPA0076 Marea Neagră, ROSPA0091 Pădurea
Babadag, ROSPA0100 Stepa Casimcea and ROSPA0121 Lacul Brateş (Figure no. 3-3).
DDBR is the unique delta in the world which has been declared a biosphere reserve (in September
1990), being one of the largest wetlands (including freshwater marshes, lakes and ponds, streams and
canals) in terms of habitats for waterfowl, having a largest area of reed beds, 30 types of ecosystems,
with a surface area of 580,000 ha, representing approx. 2 % of Romania's territory (22nd place
among the deltas of the world and 3rd in Europe, after the Volga and Kuban) 20. Only 9 % of the
area is permanently above water 21.
The universal value of DDBR was recognized by its inclusion in the international network of
biosphere reserves, in 1990, within the programme „Man and biosphere” (MAB) launched by
UNESCO.
The natural heritage universal value of DDBR was recognized by its inclusion in List of World Natural
and Cultural Heritage, in December 1990.
DDBR was recognized, in September 1991, as Wetland area of international importance, especially as
Waterfowl Habitat – RAMSAR Convention.
In 1999 RBDD was included together with Danube Biosphere Reserve in Ukraine in the
international network of transboundary biosphere reserves Romania - Ukraine.
The natural heritage value and the effectiveness of the ecological Management plan, applied on
DDBR territory, were recognized through the granting in 2000 of the European Diploma of
Protected Areas, renewed in 2005 and 2010. The European Diploma of Protected Areas it is
granted by the European Council for those regions which are of particular importance for the conservation
of biological diversity, geological and landscape in Europe.
Also, Danube Delta has a "national park" status in the IUCN international taxonomy, and is overlapping
with Sites of Community Importance (SCIs): ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării and ROSCI0066 Delta Dunării –
zona marină, as well as with Special Protection Areas (SPAs): ROSPA0031 Delta Dunării şi Complexul
Razim – Sinoie. On DDBR territory are, also, present 22 scientific and natural reserves. The protected
natural areas present present throughout the territory of the study area are presented in Section 3.1.1
of the present study.
The Administration of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (ADDBR) was established in 1990 as
being the administrative organization responsible for the conservation and management of
biodiversity, ecosystems and natural resources of the Danube Delta. This role was legalized by the
law enacted in 1993 (Law no. 83/1993)22.
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20
http://www.ddbra.ro/rezervatia/delta-dunarii/prezentare-generala/valoare-universala-a15
21
Raport de diagnostic - Strategie Integrată de Dezvoltare Durabilă pentru Delta Dunării, 3 Martie 2014
22
http://www.ddbra.ro/administratia/despre-noi
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The list of Natura 2000 sites which overlap, partly or fully, on the study area, as well as the
percentage from each site located in the Danube Delta Region are shown in Table no. 3-1.
Table no. 3-1 List of Natura 2000 sites in the study area
Site code
Site name
Site surface (ha)
ROSCI0012
ROSCI0060
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0066
ROSCI0067
ROSCI0105
ROSCI0123
ROSCI0201
ROSPA0009
ROSPA0019
Braţul Măcin
Dealurile Agighiolului
Delta Dunării
Delta Dunării - zona marină
Deniz Tepe
Lunca Joasă a Prutului
Munţii Măcinului
Podişul Nord Dobrogean
Beştepe - Mahmudia
Cheile Dobrogei
Delta Dunării şi Complexul Razim
- Sinoie
Deniz Tepe
Dunărea Veche - Braţul Măcin
Lacul Beibugeac
Lacul Taşaul
Măcin - Niculiţel
Marea Neagră
Pădurea Babadag
Stepa Casimcea
Lacul Brateş
10235.433
1433.287
453076.127
123320.544
413.701
5806.456
16893.877
84799.223
3662.603
10932.553
Site surface in
the study area
(ha)
651.557
1433.287
451661.178
2560.772
413.701
283.618
7315.358
31445.429
3662.603
168.883
508688.204
506598.165
99.59
1899.766
18759.248
470.394
2701.108
67361.073
148846.695
58473.223
22202.407
15801.043
1899.766
604.434
470.394
524.817
34014.558
2569.417
27225.050
175.745
296.365
100.00
3.22
100.00
19.43
50.50
1.73
46.56
0.79
1.88
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0032
ROSPA0040
ROSPA0052
ROSPA0060
ROSPA0073
ROSPA0076
ROSPA0091
ROSPA0100
ROSPA0121
% located
in the study
area
6.37
100.00
99.69
2.08
100.00
4.88
43.30
37.08
100.00
1.54
Out of the 8 SCIs present on the Danube Delta Region, 2 are located entirely on the territory of the
study area: ROSCI0060 Dealurile Agighiolului and ROSCI0067 Deniz Tepe, while ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării is located in proportion of 99.7 % on the study area’s territory. Out of the 12 SPAs, 3
are located entirely on the territory of the study area: ROSPA0009 Beştepe – Mahmudia,
ROSPA0032 Deniz Tepe and ROSPA0052 Lacul Beibugeac, while ROSPA0031 Delta Dunării şi
Complexul Razim – Sinoe is situated in proportion of 99.6 % on the study area’s territory.
Regarding the biogeographical regions, on the Danube Delta Region, are encountered 3 out of 6
biogeographical regions present on the national territory (Figure no. 3-4):
Pontic – lies on the western shores of the Black Sea and the East part of the Danube Delta – 94.5
% of this biogeographical region is encountered in the study area;
Steppic – comprises the lowland landscape from the south-eastern part and, partial, Danube Delta
and Black Sea – 13.7 % of this biogeographical region is encountered in the study area;
Black Sea - only 0.1 % of the Black Sea surface is included in the study area.
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Figure no. 3-1 Location of the natural protected areas of national interest in relation with the study area
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Figure no. 3-2 Location of the Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) in relation with the study area
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Figure no. 3-3 Location of the Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in relation with the study area
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Figure no. 3-4 Location of the study area in relation with the biogeographical regions
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3.1.2 Information regarding the natural protected areas of
community interest potentially affected by the
implementation of the DDISDS
In this section are briefly presented some relevant information regarding the Natura 2000 sites
present on the study area, the Danube Delta Region, in accordance with the Natura 2000 Standard
Data Forms23.
Sites of Community Importance (SCIs)
1. ROSCI0012 – Braţul Măcin
The site is located within the territories of three counties: Brăila (44 %), Constanţa (14 %) and
Tulcea (44 %), belonging to the steppic biogeographical region. The site’s surface is about 10,235
hectares, comprising altitudes between 0 and 94 meters above sea level, with an average of 8 meters.
The site is important in the first place for the habitat conservation: 92A0 Salix alba and Populus alba
galleries, occupying approximately 19.41 % of the site surface, respectively 4 % of the habitat surface
at national level. Also, the site represents the northern part of the migration corridor of the plant
species from Balkan Peninsula to the Northern Dobrogea and Danube Delta. Moreover this
represents an important migration route for bird species (being also proposed as SPA), and for
certain species of fish, including sturgeon.
The site was designated for the protection of 8 habitat types, 1 species of plants, 11 species of fish, 4
species of amphibians and reptiles and 2 species of mammals, listed in Annex I, respectively Annex
II of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC. Beside this, the site also hosts 3 other important species of
plants.
2. ROSCI0060 - Dealurile Agighiolului
The site is located entirely within the Tulcea County territory (100 %), belonging to the steppic
biogeographical region. The site’s surface is about 1,433 hectares, comprising altitudes between 32
and 218 meters above sea level, with an average of 124 meters.
The site includes the priority habitat 62C0* Ponto-Sarmatic steppes, occupying approximately 61 %
of site surface, respectively 0.9 % of the habitat surface at national level. Within this habitat the
association Agropyro brandzae – Thymetum zygioidi is present, which has a remarkable value, being
endemic for Dobrogea, and occupies large surfaces here, hundreds of hectares. Within the Agropyro
brandzae – Thymetum zygioidi association are found important populations of Euphorbia myrsinites
species, included in the National Red List, very rare in Dobrogea, being the only region in the
country where it is encountered this taxon.
The site was designated for the protection of 3 habitat types, 1 species of plants, 1 species of reptiles
and 2 species of mammals, listed in Annex I, respectively Annex II of the Council Directive
92/43/EEC. Beside this, the site also hosts another one important species of plants.
23
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http://www.mmediu.ro/articol/natura-2000/435
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3. ROSCI0065 - Delta Dunării
The site is located within the territories of two counties: Tulcea (93 %) and Constanţa (7 %),
belonging to the biogeographical regions: steppic (51.98 %) and pontic (48.02 %). The site’s surface
is about 453,076 hectares, comprising altitudes between 0 and 229 meters above sea level, with an
average of 1 meter.
This site covers a wide area and comprises a great diversity of aquatic, swamp, land, river, rivermarine and coastal ecosystems, creating the possibility to populate the region with a high diversity of
ecotypes of the species from the Quaternary post-glacial retreats, mainly the Mediterranean and
eastern species. Among the endemic plants are mentioned Centaurea pontica and Centaurea jankae, the
orchids (Orchis elegans, Platantera bifolia, Anacamptis pyramidalis), the Silk vine (Periploca graeca), the sand
bindweed (Convolvulus persicus), among the insects - the iris butterflies (Apatura metis, Rhiparioides
metelkana, Catocala elocata, Arctia villica, Thersamonia dispar), the beetles - the European rhinoceros
beetle (Oryctes nasicornis), the praying mantis (Empusa fasciata) and the orthoptera (Saga pedo), and
among amphibians - the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) it is very numerous here. Also, the birds
are well represented in this site, some of them being protected (the great white pelican and the
Dalmatian pelican, the mute swan, the great egret and the little egret, the squacco heron, the
Eurasian Spoonbill, the pied avocet, the black-winged stilt, the red-crested Pochard, the red-breasted
goose etc.), most of them nesting in the area.
The site was designated for the protection of 29 habitat types, 5 species of plants, 11 species of
invertebrates, 15 species of fish, 5 species of amphibians and reptiles and 5 species of mammals,
listed in Annex I, respectively Annex II of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC. Beside this, the site
also hosts other 101 important species of flora and fauna, belonging to taxonomic groups: plants,
invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, fish and mammals.
4. ROSCI0066 – Delta Dunării – zona marină
The site is located in the marine area, belonging entirely to the Black Sea biogeographical region
(100 %). The site’s surface is about 123,321 hectares, comprising altitudes between 0 and 14 meters
above sea level, with an average of 0 meter.
The site corresponds with the geographical unit with the same name, component of DDBR (Black
Sea coastal area from the mouth of the Cape Midia to the Chilia branch, with an extent on offshore
to water depths of ~20m), and main classes of habitats being represented by: marine areas and
islands, estuaries and lagoons, sandy beaches, marshes and bogs. The marine area of the Danube
Delta has certain specific features resulting as a major influence of the Danube waters and of the silt
deposited by the waters, being present here unique sedimentary habitats, at the Romanian seaside.
The site was designated for the protection of 4 habitat types, 2 species of fish and 2 species of
mammals, listed in Annex I, respectively Annex II of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC. Beside
this, the site also hosts other 34 important species of flora and fauna (plants, invertebrates, fish and
mammals).
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5. ROSCI0067 - Deniz Tepe
biogeographical region. The site’s surface is about 414 hectares, comprising altitudes between 42 and
258 meters above sea level, with an average of 118 meter.
The site is constituted 99 % of grasslands and 1 % of thickets, the main classes of habitats are
represented by: natural grasslands, steppes and crops (arable land).
The site was designated for the protection of 2 habitat types, 1 species of plants, 1 species of reptiles
and 1 species of mammals, listed in Annex I, respectively Annex II of the Council Directive
92/43/EEC. Beside this, the site also hosts other 3 important species of plants.
6. ROSCI0105 - Lunca Joasă a Prutului
The site is located entirely within the Galaţi County territory (100 %), belonging to the steppic
and 31 meters above sea level, with an average of 7 meter.
Lunca Prutului Inferior it is characterized by absolute altitudes ranging from 8 m in the northern
part and 3-4 m in the southern part, the floodplain topography is, generally, plane, with a continuous
gradient from north to south, and transversal the land is tilted toward the Prut River (east), general
appearance of the floodplain being that of a large depressions. The microrelief is represented by
accumulation forms (grinds) and negative forms (former lakes, ponds, puddles and swamps).
The site was designated for the protection of 8 habitat types, 1 species of invertebrates, 9 species of
fish, 3 species of amphibians and 1 species of mammals, listed in Annex I, respectively Annex II of
the Council Directive 92/43/EEC. Beside this, the site also hosts other 8 important species of flora
and fauna.
7. ROSCI0123 - Munţii Măcinului
Măcin Mountains, formed during the hercinic orogenesis (between Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras),
are some of the oldest mountains in Romania, with a surface of 50,000 ha and are localized in the
south-eastern part of Romania. These mountains presents characteristic ecosystems Ponto-Balkan
steppe, sub-mediterranean and Balkan forests, as well as a great diversity of flora and fauna. The
number of superior plants that are found at this area represents over 19 % of European flora, being
comparable with the rich flora of Crete and Corsica islands. Măcin Mountains and their
surroundings are the only parts of Romania where there are still significant areas of natural
vegetation steppe, which is not found in other parts of Romania or elsewhere in the Balkans.
invertebrates, 3 species of amphibians and reptiles and 5 species of mammals, listed in Annex I,
respectively Annex II of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC. Beside this, the site also hosts other 86
important species of flora and fauna (plants, invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles and mammals).
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8. ROSCI0201 Podişul Nord Dobrogean
The main classes of habitats of this site are represented by: rivers, lakes, natural meadows, steppes,
crops (arable land), grassland, other arable land, deciduous forests, coniferous forests, vineyards,
orchards and other artificial land and forest habitats (forests in transition). At national level, the site
is one of the largest and most representative for the Steppic biogeographical region, being
constituted in proportion of 95.5 % (85,046 ha) of community interest habitats, of which steppe
habitats occupies an area of approx. 24,807 ha (27.85 %).
invertebrates, 3 species of amphibians and reptiles and 6 species of mammals, listed in Annex I,
respectively Annex II of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC. Beside this, the site also hosts other 52
important species of flora and fauna (plants, invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles and mammals).
Special Protection Areas (SPAs)
1. ROSPA0009 Beştepe – Mahmudia
The site is located in a hilly area, at DDBR boundary, component part of Tulcea Hills geographical
unit, Beştepe Hills being a peisagistic reservation, representative for the steppe and silvosteppe
vegetation. The site houses important effectives of some protected bird species, being important for
nesting populations of the following species: Burhinus oedicnemus, Caprimulgus europaeus, Calandrella
brachydactyla and Oenanthe pleschanka. Also, the site is important during the migration period for prey
bird species, and during the winter, in particular, for the following species: Branta ruficollis and Circus
cyaneus.
The site was designated for the protection of 30 bird species, listed in Annex I of the Council
Directive 2009/147/EC. Beside this, the site also houses other 32 regular migrant birds, not
specified in Annex I of the Council Directive 2009/147/EC.
2. ROSPA0019 - Cheile Dobrogei
The site is located entirely within the Constanţa County territory (100 %), belonging to the steppic
The site is important not only from the point of view of the geomorphological, paleontological,
botanical and landscape characteristics, but also through the elements of fauna, reptiles, birds and
bat species being very well represented, within the site perimeter being two caves important in what
concern the speleological and paleontological terms.. The site houses important effectives of some
protected bird species, being important for nesting populations of the following species: Burhinus
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oedicnemus, Circaetus gallicus, Circus pygargus, Coracias garullus, Melanocorypha calandra, Calandrella
brachydactyla and Anthus campestris. Also, the site is important during the migration period for prey
bird species, and during the winter, in particular, for Branta ruficollis.
3. ROSPA0031 Delta Dunării şi Complexul Razim – Sinoie
The site is located within the territories of two counties: Tulcea (89 %) and Constanţa (9 %),
belonging to the biogeographical regions: steppic (57.21 %) and pontic (42.79 %). The site’s surface
is about 508,688 hectares, comprising altitudes between 0 and 137 meters above sea level, with an
average of 3 meters.
This site is represented by the territory between the first bifurcation of the Danube (Ceatalul Chiliei),
bordered to the east by the Black Sea littoral, Chilia branch at the north and Razim Sinoie Complex
at south. The site houses important effectives of some protected bird species, being important for
nesting populations of the following species: Pelecanus crispus, Pelecanus onocrotalus, Aythya nyroca, Falco
vespertinus, Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Plegadis falcinellus, Egretta garzetta, Nycticorax nycticorax, Egretta alba,
Recurvirostra avosetta, Ardeola ralloides, Sterna albifrons, Porzana porzana, Haliaeetus albicilla, Sterna hirundo,
Larus melanocephalus, Himantopus himantopus, Glareola pratincola, Platalea leucorodia, Ixobrychus minutus,
Charadrius alexandrinus, Chlidonias hybridus, Circus aeruginosus, Ardea purpurea, Botaurus stellaris, Coracias
garrulus, Alcedo atthis, Gelochelidon nilotica. Also, the site is important during the migration period for
prey bird species.
4. ROSPA0032 Deniz Tepe
The site is located in the hilly area from the Dobrudjan forest steppe vegetation, being important for
nesting populations of some species characteristic to steppe areas such as: Burhinus oedicnemus,
Calandrella brachydactyla, Melanocorypha calandra, Anthus campestris and Buteo rufinus. Also, the area is an
important feeding area for some of the nesting pairs from the neighboring site ROSPA0091
Pădudea Babadag: Circaetus gallicus and Hieraaetus pennatus.
5. ROSPA0040 - Dunărea Veche - Braţul Măcin
The site is located within the territories of three counties: Brăila (33 %), Constanţa (22 %) and
Tulcea (45 %), belonging to the steppic biogeographical region. The site’s surface is about 18,759
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hectares, comprising altitudes between 0 and 198 meters above sea level, with an average of 17
meters.
The site houses important effectives of some protected bird species, being important for nesting
populations of the following species: Coracias garrulus, Falco vespertinus, Aythya nyroca, Accipiter brevipes,
Anthus campestris, Lanius minor, Lanius collurio and Calandrella brachydactyla. Also, the site is important
during the migration period for prey birds species: Pelecanus crispus, Accipiter brevipes, Branta ruficollis,
Pelecanus onocrotalus şi Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, and during the winter, in particular, for two species:
Phalacrocorax pygmaeus and Anser albifrons.
Directive 2009/147/EC. Beside this, the site also houses other 3 regular migrant birds, not specified
in Annex I of the Council Directive 2009/147/EC.
6. ROSPA52 - Lacul Beicugeac
biogeographical region. The site’s surface is about 470 hectares, comprising altitudes between 0 and
24 meters above sea level, with an average of 5 meters.
Beibugeac – Plopu Lake is a wetland area located near the DDBR, with a lake surface that varies
from year to year, depending on the rainfall and temperatures levels that are recorded during the
summer. Over the time, the lake bottom was covered with a fine silt, rich in invertebrate species,
which attracts many wader species, ducks, shelducks and swans.
populations of the following species: Glareola pratincola, Falco vespertinus, Recurvirostra avosetta and
Himantopus himantopus. During migration the site hosts more than 20,000 copies of aquatic birds,
being possible candidate as a Ramsar site, and during the winter, in particular, for the species:
Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, Branta ruficollis, Anser albifrons and Cygnus cygnus. The SPA is also designated as
an IBA, according SOR, based on the following criteria developed by BirdLife International: C1, C2,
C3, C4.
7. ROSPA0060 - Lacurile Taşăul – Corbu
The site is located entirely within the Constanţa County territory (100 %), belonging to the pontic
Taşaul Lake form together with Gargalâc Lake (known as Corbu Lake) a lake complex. Taşaul Lake
is a typical maritime shore, having no direct connection to the Black Sea, its shores having the shape
of a sea wall, the hydrographic basin being formed, mostly, by the Casimcea River. Corbu Lake's
shores are constituted mostly from loess, in the form of a sea wall with small heights.
The site houses important effectives of some protected bird species, being also a possible candidate
as a Ramsar site, and during the winter is important, in particular, for the species: Pelecanus crispus,
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Aythya ferina, Fulica atra, Larus ridibundus and Larus cachinnans. The SPA is also designated as an IBA,
according SOR, based on the following criteria developed by BirdLife International: C1, C2, C4 and
C6.
8. ROSPA0073 - Măcin – Niculiţel
populations of the following species: Falco cherrug, Coracias garrulus, Ciconia ciconia, Accipiter brevipes,
Burhinus oedicnemus, Oenanthe pleschanka, Circaetus gallicus, Buteo rufinus, Emberiza hortulana, Caprimulgus
europaeus, Hieraaetus pennatus and Lullula arborea. Also, represents an important area for the migrating
birds, being designated, according SOR, as an IBA based on the following criteria developed by
BirdLife International: C1, C2, C5 and C6.
9. ROSPA0076 - Marea Neagră
The site’s surface is about 148,847 ha, comprising altitudes between 0 and 22 meters above sea level,
belonging to the biogeographical regions: pontic (0.03 %) and Black Sea (99.97 %). The main classes
of habitats being represented by: marine areas and islands, estuaries, lagoons, sandy beaches,
marshes, peatlands and other artificial lands, the physicochemical and biological particularities of the
Black Sea, confering the status of an unique site.
The site is important during the migration and the winter periods for a number of bird species,
protected at national and international level, during migration hosting more than 20,000 copies of
aquatic birds, being possible candidate as RAMSAR site. The SPA is also designated as an IBA,
according SOR, based on the following criteria developed by BirdLife International: C1, C2, C3, C4
and C6.
10. ROSPA0091 - Pădurea Babadag
populations of the following species: Falco vespertinus, Falco cherrug, Coracias garrulus, Hieraaetus pennatus,
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Accipiter brevipes, Circaetus gallicus, Circus pygargus, Oenanthe pleschanka, Picus canus, Milvus migrans and
Dendrocopos medius. Also, represents an important area for the migrating birds: Haliaeetus albicilla,
Ficedula parva and Ciconia ciconia, and during the winter for the species: Circus macrourus and Circus
cyaneus. The SPA is also designated as an IBA, according SOR, based on the following criteria
developed by BirdLife International: C1, C2 and C6.
11. ROSPA0100 - Stepa Casimcea
populations of the following species: Coracias garrulus, Falco cherrug, Falco vespertinus, Aquila heliaca,
Anthus campestris, Accipiter brevipes, Calandrella brachydactyla, Buteo rufinus, Milvus migrans, Pernis apivorus,
Lanius collurio, Lullula arborea, Oenanthe pleschanka, Lanius minor, Melanocorypha calandra, Burhinus
oedicnemus, Circaetus gallicus, Galerida cristata, Aquila pomarina, Dendrocopos syriacus and Emberiza hortulana.
Also, represents an important area for the migrating birds: Falco vespertinus, Accipiter brevipes, Hieraaetus
pennatus, Falco peregrinus, Circus cyaneus, Aquila pomarina, Ficedula albicollis, Circus macrourus and Circus
pygargus. The SPA is also designated as an IBA, according SOR, based on the following criteria
developed by BirdLife International: C1 and C6.
12. ROSPA0121 - Lacul Brateş
The site is located entirely within the Galaţi County territory (100 %), belonging to the steppic
The site comprises agricultural lands, water bodies, swamps and floodplain forests, the current lake
being only a small part of the old Brateş Lake, which was mostly drained. The site qualifies for the
IBA area owed to the species populations: Anser albifrons – C3, Branta ruficollis – C1, Chlidonias hybridus
– C2, C6, Chlidonias niger – C6, Falco vespertinus – C1, C6, Pelecanus onocrotalus – C2, C6. Also, the site
qualifies under C4 criterion for the concentrations of waterfowls during the migration.
Directive 2009/147/EC. Beside this, the site also houses other 7 regular migrant birds, not specified
in Annex I of the Council Directive 2009/147/EC.
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In the following figures are presented the locations of the projects/ types of interventions in relation
to Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta region, for some projects/ types of interventions
for which the vector data (SHP format) were made available, received from the beneficiary or from
other parties directly concerned (specific locations), as well as for those projects/ types of
interventions for which the spatial location was performed based on the digitization using satellite
images on Google Earth Pro, according to the information available in the projects titles
(incomplete or approximate locations; for example „approximate” for the projects like WSS and
IWM where the buildable settlements limits were considered referred in projects titles, respectively
„incomplete” for the projects like „Improve fish habitat”, within the sector „Fisheries and
aquaculture”, where are mentioned, in a first phase, only 2 lakes, after which shall be identified a
series of other interventions on other lakes whose location is not specified at this stage).
19 types of interventions / projects belonging to 8 sectors intersect sites of community interest,
while 20 types of interventions / projects belonging to 8 sectors intersect special protection areas
(Table no. 3-2 and Table no. 3-3). A complete list of the types of interventions/ projects that
intersect Natura 2000 sites can be found in Annex no. IV.
Table no. 3-2 Number of types of interventions / projects that intersect SCIs for each sector
No. of types of interventions / projects that intersect SCIs
Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Fishery and
WSS and
DRM Tourism
Transport
WM Health
Management
Aquaculture
IWM
3
2
1
3
6
2
1
1
Table no. 3-3 Number of types of interventions / projects that intersect SPAs for each sector
No. of types of interventions / projects that intersect SPAs
Fishery and
WSS and
DRM Tourism
Transport
WM Health
Management
Aquaculture
IWM
3
2
1
3
7
2
1
1
A number of 2 sites of community interest and 5 special protection areas overlap with components
of the types of interventions/ projects of DDISDS. A complete list of the Natura 2000 sites
intersected by types of interventions / projects of DDISDS can be found in Annex no. V.
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Figure no. 3-5 Location (approximate/ incomplete) of the project/ type of intervention “Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the
“Natura 2000” network for species of European conservation concern, together with development of an integrated monitoring system covering the whole
DD area (including cross-border areas), supporting evidence-based decision making and community participation” (Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Management sector) in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region
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Figure no. 3-6 Location (approximate/ incomplete) of the project/ type of intervention “Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has
disappeared or been degraded” (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region
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Figure no. 3-7 Location of the project/ type of intervention “Development of an International Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta – Black
Sea for biodiversity preservation” (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region
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Figure no. 3-8 Locations of the projects/ types of interventions from DRM sector in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region.
A- project detail “Works for protection against floods”, B - project detail “Modernization, rehabilitation and construction of Inspectorate for Emergency
Situations (IES)”
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Figure no. 3-9 Location (approximate/ incomplete) of the project/ type of intervention “Implementation of a region-wide program for beautification of
settlements” (Tourism sector) in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region
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Figure no. 3-10 Location (approximate/ incomplete) of the projects/ types of interventions “Improve fish habitat. Reduce sedimentation in major lakes with
the installation of stop locks. Dredge major lakes to restore water depth.” (Fisheries and aquaculture sector) in relation with the Natura 2000 network from
the Danube Delta Region
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Figure no. 3-11 Location (approximate/ incomplete) of the projects/ types of interventions “Modernization of rural infrastructure (water, sanitation, roads,
schools, etc)” (ARD sector) in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region
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Figure no. 3-12 Locations of the projects/ types of interventions from Transport sector in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta
Region
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Figure no. 3-13 The location (approximate/ incomplete) of the projects/ types of interventions from WSS and IWM sector in relation with the Natura 2000
network from the Danube Delta Region
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Figure no. 3-14 Location of the projects/ types of interventions from WM sector in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region
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Figure no. 3-15 Location of the projects/ types of interventions from Health sector in relation with the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region
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3.2 DATA ABOUT THE PRESENCE, LOCATION, POPULATION
AND ECOLOGY OF SPECIES AND/ OR HABITATS OF
COMMUNITY INTEREST PRESENT ON THE SURFACE AND
IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF DDISDS, MENTIONED IN
THE STANDARD DATA FORMS OF THE NATURAL
PROTECTED AREAS OF COMMUNITY INTEREST
Relevant data regarding the presence, location, population and ecology of the species and/ or
habitats of community interest, were collected from the scientific literature, being carried out
researches on the history of the studies conducted over time for each taxonomic group in part, from
the study region. This information are presented below, in the following sections, for each analyzed
taxonomic group being presented also maps (Figure no. 3-16 - Figure no. 3-22) concerning the
numerical distribution of habitats and species of community interest protected in SCIs/ SPAs from
the Danube Delta Region, extracted according to the reporting of Romania to the European Union,
under Article 12 of the Birds Directive and Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, regarding the
habitats mapping and the inventory of the species of community interest 24.
3.2.1 Habitats and vegetation
The researches regarding the geographical area of the Danube Delta (including the shedding area of
the Danube River to the Black Sea and the associated marine littoral) started since ancient times by
Herodotus, Eratosthenes, Strabon and Ptolemais, who described the mouths of the Danube and the
northwest shore of the Black Sea. There followed a long period, until the second half of the XIXth
century (when it was raised the question to create a waterway on Danube, with extensions from the
Black Sea to the central Europe), when appeared sporadic and less consistent information (Gâştescu
and Ştiucă, 2008).
Dobrudja was always a special attraction for botanists, and later for phytocoenologists, having a rich
and diversified flora, in terms of component geo elements, but also a diversified vegetation of
forests, xerofile meadows, halophilous, psammophile, helofile and aquatic communities.
Although there is a rich literature regarding the flora species and the vegetation types present in the
Danube Delta, some regions of Dobrudja were less investigated, still being gaps concerning their
characteristic vegetation.
The first records of the Danube Delta flora occurred in ”Prodromul florei Române” by Brândză (1883),
which includes many species of vascular plants, as well as in the first published determinator in
Romanian language, ”Flora descriptivă a Dobrogei” (1891) and then in Grecescu’s monograph (1898),
http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_12/reference_portal
24
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”Conspectul florei României”. Over the course of approximately 50-60 years since these botanical
studies appeared, for this area sporadic data were published, but important in different works:
Grinţescu G. (1927), Georgescu C.C. (1928, 1940), Pop Em., (1878-1928), Panţu Z. (1902-1935),
Popovici I. (1913), Prodan I. (1914-1939), Petrescu C. (1916), Borza Al. (1931-1963) and Zahariadi
C. (1940, 1963).
Also, it is stated that in the first half of the XXth century, an important contribution to the
knowledge of the Danube Delta was brought by Antipa Gr. through his works: Regiunea inundabilă a
Dunării. Starea ei actuală şi mijloace de a o pune în valoare (1910), Delta Dunării (1914) and Valorificarea
stufăriilor Deltei Dunării (1942).
After the half of the XXth century, when the studies on flora and vegetation were intensified,
several researchers have contributed to complete the inventory of flora and to the vegetation studies
in the Danube Delta. Among these researchers we mentioned: Săvulescu Tr. (1952-1976), Beldie Al.
(1959-1979), Burduja C. (1954-1971), Puşcariu V. (1958-1978), Dihoru Gh. (1962-1976), Paşcovschi
S. (1962-1967), Andrei M. (1963-1967), Doniţă N. (1966-1992), Horeanu Cl. (1970-1976), Ştefureac
Tr. (1970-1980), Negrean G. (1976-1980), who filled in with new data to the scientific literature,
bringing a significant contribution in the knowledge of flora and vegetation in the Danube Delta.
Considerable contributions to the studies on flora and vegetation from Danube Delta were brought
also by: Sanda V. (1964-2013), Popescu A. (1976-2013), Ciocârlan V. (1988-2009), Hanganu J.
(1992-2002) and Petrescu M. (1994-2007). Please note that the studies conducted by M. Petrescu
were performed in the Dobrudja Plateau, predominantly in Tulcea County and less in Constanţa
County, in the surrounding areas of the Danube, being identified 34 natural sites for which were
developed projects for designation as protected areas (researches on flora and vegetation).
Also, important contributions to Danube Delta characterization, regarding the floristic and
phytocenologic terms, was carried out also by: Lupe (1954), Morariu (1957, 1970), Puşcariu et al.
(1958, 1978), Puşcaru-Soroceanu (1959, 1963), Jakucs et al. (1959), Ţucra (1960), Şerbănescu (1962,
1967, 1971), Dămăceanu et al. (1964), Mihai et al. (1964), Rudescu (1965), Zanoschi (1966), Clonaru
(1967), Nyárády (1967), Cristurean (1970), Ţopa (1976), Chiriţă (1977), Munteanu (1977), Viţalariu
(1977), Chihaia (1979), Ivan (1979), Dinu (1987, 1990), Boşcaiu (1989), Roman (1992), Mohan et al.
(1993), Oltean et al. (1994, 2002), Ştefan et al. (1995), Coldea et al. (1997), Sârbu I. (1997, 2003),
Oprea (1998, 2005), Rákosy et al. (2000), Făgăraş et al. (2001), Sârbu A. (2003, 2006), Greavu (2006
and 2007), Filat et al. (2009) and Petcu (2011, 2012).
In addition to the aforementioned authors contributions, several institutions such as the Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve Administration in Tulcea, Danube Delta National Institute for Research
and Development in Tulcea, "Gavrilă Simion" Eco-Museum Research Institute - Tulcea, and the
Institute of Biology - Romanian Academy, have initiated various projects over the years having as
main business field to perform fundamental and applicative research in ecology and environmental
protection, in order to develop DDBR’s management for biodiversity conservation and sustainable
development.
In Table no. 3-4 are presented the 38 habitats of community interest protected in the 8 SCIs from
the study area, according to Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms (updated on February 17, 2015).
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
91
ROSCI0201
ROSCI0123
x
ROSCI0105
x
ROSCI0067
ROSCI0066
1110 – Bancuri de nisip acoperite permanent de un strat mic de
apă de mare
1130 – Estuare
1140 – Nisipuri şi zone mlăştinoase neacoperite de apă de mare
la reflux
1150* – Lagune costiere
1160 – Melele şi golfuri
1210 – Vegetaţie anuală de-a lungul liniei ţărmului
1310 – Comunităţi cu Salicornia şi alte specii anuale care
colonizează terenurile umede şi nisipoase
1410 – Pajişti sărăturate de tip mediteranean (Juncetalia maritimi)
1530* – Pajişti şi mlaştini sărăturate panonice şi ponto-sarmatice
2110 – Dune mobile embrionare (în formare)
2130* – Dune fixate cu vegetaţie herbacee peren (dune gri)
2160 – Dune cu Hippophae rhamnoides
2190 – Depresiuni umede intradunale
3130 – Ape stătătoare oligotrofe până la mezotrofe cu vegetaţie
din Littorelletea uniflorae şi/sau Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
3140 – Ape puternic oligo-mezotrofe cu vegetaţie bentonic de
specii de Chara
3150 – Lacuri eutrofe naturale cu vegetaţie tip Magnopotamion sau
Hydrocharition
3160 – Lacuri distrofice şi iazuri
3260 – Cursuri de apă din zonele de câmpie, până la cele
montane, cu vegetaţie din Ranunculion fluitantis şi CallitrichoBatrachion
3270 – Râuri cu maluri nămoloase cu vegetaţie de Chenopodion
rubri şi Bidention
40C0* – Tufărişuri de foioase ponto-sarmatice
6120* – Pajişti xerice pe substrat calcaros
62C0* – Stepe ponto-sarmatice
6410 – Pajişti cu Molinia pe soluri calcaroase, turboase sau
argiloase (Molinion caeruleae)
6420 – Pajişti mediteraneene umede cu ierburi înalte din MolinioHoloschoenion
6430 – Comunităţi de lizieră cu ierburi înalte higrofile de la
nivelul câmpiilor, până la cel montan şi alpin
6440 – Pajişti aluviale din Cnidion dubii
6510 – Pajişti de altitudine joasă (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba
officinalis)
7210* – Mlaştini calcaroase cu Cladium mariscus
8230 – Comunităţi pioniere din Sedo-Scleranthion sau din Sedo albiVeronicion dilleni pe stâncării silicioase
8310 – Peşteri în care accesul publicului este interzis
ROSCI0065
1
Habitats code and name
ROSCI0060
No.
ROSCI0012
Table no. 3-4 The community interest habitats included in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of
the SCIs from the study area
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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38
x – habitats mentioned in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms
92
x
x
x
x
ROSCI0105
ROSCI0201
34
35
36
37
x
ROSCI0123
33
x
ROSCI0067
91M0 – Păduri balcano-panonice de cer şi gorun
91AA – Vegetaţie forestieră ponto-sarmatică cu stejar pufos
91F0 – Păduri ripariene mixte cu Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis,
Fraxinus excelsior sau Fraxinus angustifolia, din lungul marilor râuri
(Ulmenion minoris)
91I0* – Vegetaţie de silvostepă eurosiberiană cu Quercus spp.
91X0 – Păduri dobrogene de fag
91Y0 – Păduri dacice de stejar şi carpen
92A0 – Zăvoaie cu Salix alba şi Populus alba
92D0 – Galerii ripariene şi tufărişuri (Nerio-Tamaricetea şi
Securinegion tinctoriae)
ROSCI0066
31
32
ROSCI0065
Habitats code and name
ROSCI0060
No.
ROSCI0012
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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Figure no. 3-16 Numerical distribution of habitats of community interest in the Danube Delta Region
(http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_17/reference_portal)
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3.2.2 Plants
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve – marine area, ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării, ROSCI0066 Delta Dunării – zona
marină
The DDBR territory is characterized by a particularly high diversity concerning the geographical
distribution of the plant species areals, which inhabits the region.
In biogeographical terms, the DDBR territory is located in the Palearctic region, the Mediterranean
subregion, the pontic and steppic biogeographical regions. In phytogeographical terms, Danube
Delta falls within the Danubian-Pontic province, Danube Delta district (Ciocârlan 2009).
Prior to the period when human intervention has played a major role in changing the appearance of
the geomorphological and structural characteristics of the deltaic territory, this space included
mostly lakes, ponds, low hollows, reedbeds expanses, willow riverside coppices, along with the
marine sandbanks: Letea, Caraorman, Sărăturile, Câmpia Bugeacului, Chilia and Stipoc, all these
landforms ensuring an aquatic, paludous, land, river, river-marine and coastal ecosystems complex,
characterized by a mosaic of habitats and an impressive number of plant species for such a reduced
space (in comparison with the entire country’s surface).
Since the second half of the last century, extensive interventions occurred in Danube Delta, which
can be grouped into several temporary periods, very distinct in terms of the performed works, in
which both arms of the Danube and the terrestrial areas were modified. Vegetation and flora species
have thus been directly affected, in early 1990 was estimated that about 30 % (approx. 1,000 km 2) of
the Danube Delta surface was removed from the natural regime (Gâştescu et Ştiucă 2008).
The changes on habitats, vegetation and flora from the Danube Delta have generated in time
negative effects, which led to the necessity to protect them, before the first half of the last century,
within some reserves with a special status of protection for elements of flora, vegetation and habitats
(especially the forest ones). Thus, many nature reserves have been established (Letea Forest and
Roşca-Buhaiova area, being the firsts), followed in the 1990 with the appointment of the status of
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (1990) and RAMSAR site (1991), and since 2007 have been
designated the natural protected areas included in the Natura 2000 ecological network.
The cormophitic flora of the Danube Delta has preoccupied many researchers over the time, so that
in his work „Flora Deltei Dunării” (1994) Ciocârlan mention the existence of over 300 papers on
different groups of plants (species of water, marshes, meadows, woody, important for fisheries,
sandy etc.). Although the literature mainly treated vegetation issues, they provided also lists of
species, having as subjects of interest both spontaneous species and those introduced cultures. With
the occasion of these researches were reported also numerous endemic species for the DanubianPontic space. Synthesis floristic works containing also references about the Danube Delta flora were
developed already two centuries now, starting with D. Brândză – Flora Dobrogei 1898, D. Grecescu
– Conspectul florei României 1989, Supliment la conspectul florei României 1909, I. Prodan –
Conspectul Florei Dobrogei 1935-1939, Flora pentru determinarea şi descrierea plantelor care cresc
în România 1939, Flora României – T. Săvulescu (edit.) 1952-1976. Other authors that refers in their
works at Danube Delta flora are Kanitz A. (1879-1881), Pallis M. (1916), Panţu Z. et al. (1935),
Borza Al. (1947, 1949), Beldie Al. (1977, 1979), Ivan D. Et Dihoru G. 1991-1992, Sanda et Popescu
1992, Roman N. 1992, Hanganu et al. 1994 (has described and mapped Danube Delta flora) etc.
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A special work belongs to the authors Gh. Dihoru and G. Negrean – Flora of the Danube Delta
1976, in which it is presented an enumeration of the vascular species, based on the existing literature
at that time (being mentioned 1,100 plant species, both native and cultivated, from Razim-Sinoie
Complex, Babadag Lake, to Grindul Chituc, Tulcea hills and the neighboring localities. In the paper
of the authors Şeliag-Sosonco and Dubîna, regarding the flora and vegetation from the secondary
delta of Chilia, are mentioned 563 species of cormophytae.
In his paper since 1994, Ciocârlan mention 955 species of spontaneous cormophytae, number about
which stated that „may increase through the introducing of other species by man, (...), or may
decrease by profound modifications on biotopes”, what actually happened during the years before
or after the publication of this work. Including in the mentioned paper, at the closure of the
manuscript drafting, the author adds other 8 taxa to the list of the 955. In the paper, 10 new taxa for
Romania's flora are located on the map (inclusive Delta's flora) and 7 new taxa for Delta's flora
(many of species being allochthonous), and for about 150 species taken from ancient literature and
not found in the field, argue their absence due to changes on the habitats, especially in what regards
the wet meadows.
Owing to the natural or anthropogenic driven evolutions, the deltaic area is in a constant formation
and modification, while the interest for the Danube Delta flora is continuously growing – studies
conducted in this regard were performed by National Institute for Research and Development in
Environmental Protection and Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development, the
results being included in „Reassessment of current functional zones of Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve and management proposals of the core areas in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve” 20102011 – the study provides a comprehensive historic regarding the research developed in Danube
Delta in the period 1995-2010 (as well as lists concerning species and habitats protected in DDBR
area). Along with the Delta's natural changes, evolves also its flora, in recent years continue the
reporting of many new species, for this space, some of them being even new for the country's flora.
Recent researches on the Romania's flora, extensive papers of synthesis, have conducted also the
authors Ciocârlan V. 2000, 2009 (Flora ilustrată a României), Dihoru et Negrean 2009 (Cartea Roşie
a Plantelor Vasculare din România), Sârbu et al 2013 (Plante vasculare din România), in the second
paper were included the rare plants of the national flora (548 taxa), which include also species from
Danube Delta and the northern area of Dobrudja (respectively 6 of the species mentioned in the
Standard Data Forms of the sites of community interest targeted by DDISDS – Aldrovanda veiculosa,
Campanula romanica, Centaurea jankae, C. pontica, Moehringia jankae, Potentilla emilii-popii), being provided
very important data regarding the distribution of the presented taxa at national level. Studies and
surveys conducted after 2000 (articles and summaries), dedicated to flora (spontaneous, but also
allochthonous) and the vegetation of the Danube Delta, entirely or partially, have published also
Sârbu et al. 2001, Strat 2005, 2012, Covaliov et al. 2010, Oprea et al. 2011, Făgăraş 2013, 2014,
Voichiţa et al. 2014.
In the study „Ecological gradients in the Danube Delta Lakes: present state and man-induced
changes”– Oosterberg W. et al. 2000, the authors noted that following the records from the Danube
Delta, carried out between 1991-1997, Delta's flora counted 1,615 species, respectively one third of
the total number of species known in Romania at that time.
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In 2002, have been published the results of a cross-border collaboration between three parties
involved, respectively Romania, Ukraine and Germany, through which was continued the research
on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the Delta. The researches were conducted on three fronts –
the river area, the marine area and the transition zone between these two, being offered new data
regarding the composition, description and the distribution of the vegetation types from Danube
Delta, on the Romanian and Ukrainian territories. Following the researches and analyzes performed,
the authors have classified and mapped the vegetation types identified (coastal vegetation,
halophilous vegetation, sandy steppe vegetation, river banks vegetation, marshy, paludous and
aquatic vegetation, sand dunes forestry vegetation, forests vegetation and meadow scrublands,
psammophilous vegetation (sand dunes), aquatic, submerged and emerged vegetation). The number
of flora species (in this case representing an aggregate of the data from the Romanian part and the
Ukrainian part) is of 1,460 taxa (vascular plants), the subject of rare plants from the Danube Delta
not being treated in particular, but rather the groups of interest industrial plants (melliferous,
alimentary, technical and fodder plant) or decorative plants (here are mentioned also several species
of orchids, species considered rare in Romania's flora), as well as toxic or phyto alimentary plants. At
the end of the paper are presented „Red List of vascular plants from Danube Delta”, list made based
on Ciocârlan's researches (1994, 2000), for the Romanian area, and Dubyna (1990, 1999) and
Mosyakin (1999), for the Ukrainian area, thereby resulting a total of 518 taxa, representing 35.5% of
the total deltaic flora (1,460 species) – only 3 of the taxa targeted by DDISDS (only the taxa within
the limits OF DDBR: Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Centaurea jankae, Centaurea pontica) are listed and valued in
terms of the sozological category. The threat factors that contributed and still produce effects on the
natural areas are underlined (naturale habitats) – the construction of the upstream dams, the
development of the agricultural polders and fishponds, increasing of the water eutrophication,
extension and excavation of the navigation channels, are causes of decline and extinction of the rare
species. Centaurea pontica (taxon specific to psammophile flora, endemic to the deltaic area) and
Aldrovanda vesiculosa (cosmopolitan taxon), are mentioned as rare and endangered species.
In the paper „Reasesement of current functional zones of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and
management proposal of the core areas in Danube Biosphere Reserve” (2010), the specialists team,
botanists, has conducted researches on the vegetation and fauna of the Danube Delta, thus are listed
7 plant species of conservation interest of which only 4 are concerned by the implementation of
DDISDS, being established an evolutive trend for them, during the 1990-2008 period, respectively
Marsilea quadrifolia was slightly increasing, Echium russicum, Centaurea jankae, C. pontica, Aldrovanda
vesiculosa are shown stable populations. For 2008-2010 period, M. quadrifolia, C. jankae, C. pontica and
Aldrovanda vesiculosa are mentioned as present, while Echium russicum is identified as a rare species.
The floristic inventory of the delta area is in a permanent upgrade through the deployment of the
scientific research developed by the Danube Delta National Institute for Research and
Development, in collaboration with many researchers in the field of botany. However, we notice the
differences between the reporting of the total number of the Danube Delta species – in 2008 was
indicated a number of 1,016 floristic species (Gâştescu et Ştiucă 2008), in 2011 Doroftei et al.
mentioned 1,215 taxons (native and allochthonous), while in the DDBR Management Plan are
mentioned 1,466 taxons (native and allochthonous). Thus, we conclude that the number of flora
species in the Danube Delta area grows on short periods of time, due to rapid and highly diverse
dynamic of the ecosystems from Danube Delta, as well as of the permanent anthropogenic impact.
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Măcinului Mountains National Park, ROSCI0123 Munţii Măcinului, ROSCI0012 Braţul Măcin;
ROSCI0201 Podişul Nord Dobrogean, ROSCI0060 Dealurile Agighiolului, ROSCI0067 Deniz Tepe.
The northern Dobrudja Plateau includes predominantly peaks and valleys, differently oriented
following the orogenesis, in Măcinului Mountains and Niculiţel Plateau the directions being NW-SE,
while in Tulcei Hills and Babadag Plateau these being less arranged. From north to south-east (350400 m in the west) the altitudes decrease gradually until the southeastern limit (15-20 m towards
Razelm Lake). Thus, in this highly varied space, both morphostructural and climate, can be found
peaks and plateaus with an "alpine" appearance, some of them affected by erosion, alternating with
lowland areas, thus providing a favorable development over time of a very diverse cover vegetation
comprising steppe, silvosteppe and woodland, sometimes with extra-zonal vegetation.
The flora of this geographical area, included entirely within the steppic bioregion, comprises submediterranean, mediterranean-balkans and eastern, tauric-caucasian, european-medium elements
(Popovici et colab. 1984). In the northern area are characteristics: common oak, linden and
hornbeam, that constitute a Balkan-type mesophilic floor (Doniţă 1969), in the central area
(Casimcea Plateau) appear the linden and gray oak alongside with the ash and the hornbeam,
forming dense forests disposed in a second floor of vegetation, xerotem with mediterranean
influences. The silvosteppe and steppe comprising most of the Dobrudja Plateau – the silvosteppe
occupies higher ridges and interfluvial bridges (100 – 150 m) from the northern half of Dobrudja
(Babadag Plateau, Tulcei Hills, south of Niculiţel Plateau and Casimcea Plateau), being formed of
downy oak, gray oak and maple Tartarians. The steppe vegetation is currently arranged on small
areas, characterized by vegetal associations with twitch, stipa, and wormwood.
The Dobrudja vegetation, generally, is very diverse and includes 252 coenotaxons, representing 36.8
% of the total identified in Romania (Petrescu 2007), many of them being also found in the area of
interest for DDISDS (North and Central Dobrudja). It should be noted also that many of these
coenotaxons are specific (endemic) for Dobrudja.
As Danube Delta, of interest for botanists was also Dobrudja, representing a specific territory in
terms of the mosaic of the habitat types and the flora richness. The researches on Dobrudja largely
overlap, as period of development, with those concerning the deltaic flora. Among the researchers
that have paid attention to this territory, very diverse and rich in botanical species (many of which
are endemic or at the limit of the complex), we mentioned: D. Brândză – Flora Dobrogei 1898, D.
Grecescu – Conspectul florei României 1989, Supliment la conspectul florei României 1909, I.
Prodan – Conspectul Florei Dobrogei 1935-1939, Flora pentru determinarea şi descrierea plantelor
care cresc în România 1939, T. Săvulescu (edit.) 1952-1976 – Flora României, Puşcaru-Soroceanu
1966, Sârbu et al. 2001, Petrescu 2004, 2007, Petrescu et al. 2011, Oprea et al 2011, Negrean 2011
etc.
The latest information on the North Dobrudja area are contained in the Management Plan of
Măcinului Mountains National Park, stating that currently the Măcin Mountains flora comprises
over 1,700 plant species, representing approximately 50 % of Romania's flora, of which 72 are
considered rare taxa for our country's flora, and 27 species are endemic to this region.
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In Table no. 3-5 are presented the 11 plant species of community interest protected in the 8 SCIs
from the study area, according to Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms (updated on February 17,
2015).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1428 – Marsilea quadrifolia
1516 – Aldrovanda vesiculosa
1939 – Agrimonia pilosa
2079 – Moehringia jankae
2125 – Potentilla emilii-popii
2236 – Campanula romanica
2253 – Centaurea jankae
2255 – Centaurea pontica
2327 – Himantoglossum caprinum
4067 – Echium russicum
4097 – Iris aphylla ssp. hungarica
x – species mentioned in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms
98
x
ROSCI0201
ROSCI0123
ROSCI0105
ROSCI0067
ROSCI0066
ROSCI0065
Plant species code and name
ROSCI0060
No.
ROSCI0012
Table no. 3-5 The community interest plant species included in the Natura 2000 Standard Data
Forms of the SCIs from the study area
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Figure no. 3-17 Numerical distribution of community interest plant species in the Danube Delta Region
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3.2.3 Invertebrates
The oldest data on Danube Delta's entomofauna refers to several species of butterflies collected by
A. L. Montandon at Sf. Gheorghe, subsequently published by Aristide Caradja in 1902, or to those
collected by Frantz Salay at Sulina and published also by Aristide Caradja in 1905. In the following
years (1904 and 1905) Edmund Fleck indicates some coleopterans from Sulina, after which A. L.
Montandon published in 1905 six species of Myrmeleonide, and in 1906-1908 also some coleopteran
collected at Sulina and Letea. In 1912, Ion Borcea also publishes some Hymenoptera from the
Danube Delta (S. Levente, 2006).
In the following period A. Muller published some data on Hymenoptera and Diptera (1929-1930)
following that only in 1952 (after malaria eradication) to be published new works related to
Coleoptera: S. Panin, M.A. Ieniştea, N. Săvulescu, Odonate: Fr. Por, Himenoptere: V. Iuga, X
Scolobia-Palade (S. Levente, 2006).
A particularly important contribution to the entomofauna study of Danube Delta had the
entomology department's team of the „Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, led
by A. Popescu-Gorj. They conducted thorough researches on entomofauna of different river-marine
sand banks from Danube Delta, during the period 1962-1966, focusing attention on a total of 13
orders: Odonata, Montodea, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Plannipennia,
Heteroptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera (S. Levente, 2006).
Along with the team of „Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, it is noted also
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi who undertook studies especially on ichneumonidae fauna
(1968-1985). These studies were carried out by M.I. Constantineanu, R. Constantineanu, D.I.
Constantineanu and I. Andriescu (S. Levente, 2006).
The knowledge of Danube Delta's entomofauna is also possible by the results of the works of C.V.
Mândru, Gh. Mustaţă, I Andriescu, V. Ciochia, C. Pisică, M. Varvara, I. Moglan, K. Fabritius, J.
Papp, I. Weiss, E. Schneider, G. Uhl, O. Klaus (S. Levente, 2006).
After 1991, Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development in Tulcea has been
affirmed by the contributions of N. Vasiliu, M. Huţu, O. Ivan, A. Călugăr and L. Fabian. Thus, over
the period 1992-1995 were published a series of papers regarding the edaphic mites from DDBR
area. Through the effort Danube Delta NIRD have been identified, in 2003, 143 species of edaphic
mites including seven species and a subspecies new to science (S. Levente, 2006).
The study on insects from Danube Delta has continued also in recent years, thus in 2013, Deltaica
periodical No. 2 was intended to the Orthoptera, being presented 79 species (Lupu, 2013). In the
same year, G. Lupu publishes in the Scientific Annals of the Danube Delta, a paper that deals with
the distribution and habitat preferences of Orthoptera species from the Danube Delta (Lupu, 2013).
Also in 2013, E. Bulankova, P. Beracko and T. Derka have reported the presence of species Gomphus
flavipes and Palingenia longicauda.
In Table no. 3-6 are presented the 19 invertebrate species of community interest protected in the 8
SCIs from the study area, according to Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms (updated on February 17,
2015).
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101
ROSCI0201
ROSCI0067
ROSCI0066
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0123
1037 – Ophiogomphus cecilia
1052 – Euphydryas maturna
1060 – Lycaena dispar
1078 – Callimorpha quadripunctaria
1082 – Graphoderus bilineatus
1083 – Lucanus cervus
1084 – Osmoderma eremita
1088 – Cerambyx cerdo
1089 – Morimus funereus
4011 – Bolbelasmus unicornis
4027 – Arytrura musculus
4028 – Catopta thrips
4030 – Colias myrmidone
4036 – Leptidea morsei
4045 – Coenagrion ornatum
4053 – Paracaloptenus caloptenoides
4054 – Pholidoptera transsylvanica
4056 – Anisus vorticulus
4064 – Theodoxus transversalis
ROSCI0105
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Invertebrate species code and name
ROSCI0060
No.
ROSCI0012
Table no. 3-6 The community interest invertebrate species included in the Natura 2000 Standard
Data Forms of the SCIs from the study area
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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Figure no. 3-18 Numerical distribution of community interest invertebrate species in the Danube Delta Region
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3.2.4 Fish
Fish is one of the best represented components in terms of fauna in the DDBR territory. Both
cartilaginous-bony fish species, represented by the order Acipenseriformes (sturgeon) and species
with completely ossified skeleton can be encountered here.
About 135 of the 300 fish species in Europe were recorded in DDBR waters, respectively 188
species in Romania, which basically fall into two categories, in terms of salinity, stenohaline species
(that support limited thresholds of water salinity) and euryhaline species (which support higher
variations of water salinity): 44 exclusively freshwater species, 58 exclusively marine species and 31
euryhaline species, found both in freshwater and in the brackish waters or even in the Black Sea25.
Ichtyofauna of lake complexes in the Danube Delta was studied over time, being published both
articles aimed at describing the current state of lakes ichtyofauna from the entire Danube Delta and
articles aimed at a single lake complex status. Mainly, the methods used were: electrofishing and
gillnet fishing. The main authors who have studied aspects of fish communities in the Danube Delta
lakes were Nastase Aurel and Năvodaru Ion, for the lake complexes: Somova-Parcheş, ŞonteaFurtuna, Gorgova-Uzlina, Merhei-Matiţa, Roşu-Puiu and Gârla Pasărea.
According to the study „Study of ichthyodiversity from Gorgova – Uzlina lake-complex”, published in 2006,
which describes ichtyofauna communities from Gorgova - Uzlina complex in 2004, among the
analyzed fish species 6 species of fish of community importance were identified: Alosa caspia
nordmanni Antipa 1906, Aspius aspius L.1758, Cobitis spp. L.1758, Misgurnus fossilis L.1758, Rhodeus
amarus Bloch 1782 and Umbra krameri Walbaum 1792.
Another study, „Fish fauna from Gârla Pasărea, a heavy modified former floodplain watercourse”, published in
2008, conducted in 2007 in a former floodplain area, Gârla Pasărea, transformed and dammed to
become an agricultural polder (Vedea River being redirected to discharge directly into the Danube
River), being divided into several sections connected by underground tubes, reveals the existence of
the following 2 fish species of community interest: Aspius aspius and Misgurnus fossilis.
According to the article „Ichthyofauna of Danube delta lakes” published in 2008, in the period from 2003
to 2005, using two complementary methods of sampling, namely electric fishing and gillnets fishing
sets, 34 distinct fish species were identified in the Danube Delta lakes (of which about half are
commercial species): 20 species in the lake-complex Somova-Parcheş - 2003 (avandelta - flooded
area of the delta), 24 species Şontea-Furtuna – 2004, 24 species in Matiţa-Merhei - 2004, 27 species
in Gorgova-Uzlina - 2005 (all 3 are located at the mouth of the river in the sea) and 29 species in the
Roşu-Puiu complex - 2005 (marine delta). The situation concerning species from the mentioned
lake-complexes was analyzed based on species richness, relative abundance, relative biomass,
ecological indices and biodiversity index, the main purpose being to compare ichthyofauna of lakes
in the context of major human interventions. The main results on the fish species of community
interest that were found in the mentioned lake complexes are:
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Delta Dunării Rezervaţie a Biosferei, 2008, Petre Gâştescu, Romulus Ştiucă, Editura CD Press
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Species richness: Misgurnus fossilis species was not encountered in Matiţa-Merhei and RoşuPuiu complexes; Umbra krameri species was not encountered in Somova-Parcheş and MatiţaMerhei complexes; Alosa tanaica species was encountered in all investigated lake complexes,
except for Şontea-Furtuna; and Aspius aspius, Cobitis spp and Rhodeus amarus were encountered
in all 5 lake complexes;
Relative biomass (expressed in CPUE - Catch per Unit Effort: g/ h for electrofishing and
g/ 100 m for gillnet fishing): Alosa tanaica: 100 – 1000 g/ 100 m; Aspius aspius: 10 - 100 g/
h, and 100 – 1000 g/ 100 m; Cobitis spp: approx. 10 g/ h and 1 - 10 g/ 100 m; Misgurnus
fossilis: 10 - 100 g/ h; Rhodeus amarus: 10 - 100 g/ h and 10– 100 g/ 100 m; Umbra krameri:
approx. 1 g/ h; Umbra krameri and Cobitis spp species are on the last ranks;
Ecological indices (frequency, abundance and ecological significance):
No.
Species
1
Electric
Gillnets
C class
D class
W class
C class
D class
W class
A. tanaica
-
-
-
C3
D1
W2
2
A. aspius
C1
D1
W1
C3
D1
W2
3
Cobitis spp.
C2
D1
W2
C2
D1
W1
4
M. fossilis
C3
D2
W3
C1
D1
W1
5
R. amarus
C4
D4
W4
C3
D4
W3
6
U. krameri
C2
D1
W1
-
-
-
Where,
C – constance/ frequency (%)
Euconstante: 75,1 – 100 -> C4;
Constancy: 50,1 – 75 -> C3;
Accessory: 25,1 – 50 -> C2;
Accidental: 1 – 25 -> C1.
D – dominance/ abundance (%)
Eudominante: > 10,1 -> D5;
Dominant: 5,1 – 10 -> D4;
Subdominant: 2,5 - 5-> D3;
Recedent: 1,2 – 2 -> D2;
Subrecedent: < 1,1 -> D1.
W - ecological significance (%)
Leading: > 20-> W6;
Characteristic: 10 – 20 -> W5;
Accompanying: 5 – 10 -> W4;
Associated: 1 – 5 -> W3;
Accessory: 0,1 – 1 -> W2;
Accidental: < 0,1-> W1.
Biodiversity index: per total, for the entire Danube Delta region, indicate a stable
ecosystem or a stable environment, due to values that are closer to 1 and more distant to 0.
For all 5 studied lake complexes from the Danube Delta it was observed that the number of fish
species increases from the upstream area of the Danube Delta, the predeltaic area (Somova-Parcheş
lake complex) to the maritime area (Roşu-Puiu lake complex), the area of where the Danube
discharges into the Black Sea.
Another article also aimed at the ichtyofauna situation for the same 5 lake complexes, called „What
fish and how many there are in Danube Delta?”, published in 2011, covering the 2006-2008 period, reveals
in the Danube Delta lakes using the same two methods, 40 fish species, of which 36 species were
captured using the electric fishing method and 31 through gillnets fishing method. The main results
on the fish species of community interest that were found in the mentioned lake complexes, for the
2006 - 2008 period, are:
Species richness: Species of community interest Alosa tanaica, Aspius aspius, Cobitis taenia
danubialis, Misgurnus fossilis, Rhodeus amarus and Umbra krameri, were encountered through both
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
sampling methods, lesser through the electrofishing method in the case of Alosa tanaica
species and through gillnets fishing in the case of Umbra krameri species;
Relative biomass (expressed in CPUE - Catch per Unit Effort: individual and/ or biomass
per 1 electrofishing hour, and individuals and biomass per 100 m2 net per night for gillnets
fishing): Umbra krameri species is one of the species with a very low biomass;
Ecological indices: the frequency of appearance for the species Alosa tanaica: 19,48 % rare species, Aspius asapius: 20,22 % - rare species, Cobitis taenia danubialis: 25,84 % - rare
species, Misgurnus fossilis: 11,61 % - rare species, R. amarus: 66,67 % - frequent species and
Umbra krameri: 0,37 % - very rare species; species abundance: R. amarus is amongst the
small and medium size fish species with a very high abundance (third of the 40 identified
species), being followed by Alosa tanaica (15 out of 40), Cobitis taenia danubialis (16 out of 40),
Misgurnus fossilis (18 out of 40), Aspius asapius (20 din 40) and Umbra krameri (32 out of 40).
Overall, this second study shows the fact that eurytopic and opportunist fish species are dominant in
the Danube Delta lakes, favored by eutrophication.
In this second study, in addition to describing the current state of the ichtyofauna from the lakes in
the entire Danube Delta reflected by the results of the scientific sampling of ichtyofauna, an analysis
of the statistics on catches was also carried out, in order to compare the obtained results. Long data
series of statistics on commercial catches in the Danube Delta reflects two main trends in the
evolution of the stocks of freshwater fish: first, a steady decline in catches and, secondly, changes in
the structure of the fish species, being dominated by Gibel carp exotic species (since 1970). At the
same time, in addition to decline of freshwater species, migratory sturgeon catches in the Danube
Delta arms were almost exhausted, while the shad (Alosa immaculata) catches fell slightly. Commercial
fisheries catches show a completely different picture of the delta ichtyofauna compared to the
results of the ichtyofauna scientific sampling. This totally different structure of the ichtyofauna is
caused by fishing targeted on large species and also due to their high market value, and especially
due to failures to report from the black market. Fisheries statistics on catches from 1920 to 2010
show a continuous downward trend of ichthyofauna, the composition of ichtyofauna being balanced
until 1972, and after 1972 to 2010 it shows the dominance of the carp, followed by far by the roach
category (roach + rudd) and the bream category (bream + white bream).
Both analyzes, the results from the ichtyofauna scientific sampling - showing the recent status of
ichtyofauna, and the analysis based on catch statistics - showing the evolution of the trend in catch
size and changes in species composition influenced by environmental factors pressures, are valuable
tools in the sustainable management of fish resources and to promote conservation of fish diversity
in the Danube Delta.
Two other articles, „Fish community studies from riverine Danube Delta (Romania) area in 2007: Sontea Furtuna and Gorgova - Uzlina lake-complexes”, published in 2009, and „New data concerning fish fauna from
lakes of the fluvial Danube Delta (Gorgova-Uzlina and Sontea-Furtuna lakecomplexes, Romania) in 2010”,
published in 2012, also made by the authors Năvodaru Ion, Nastase Aurel and Irina Cernisencu, and
Nastase Aurel in the case of the second article, study the structure of fish communities in GorgovaUzlina and Şontea-Furtuna lake complexes, that are part of the river delta. The following fish species
of community interest were also encountered in the two aforementioned complex: Alosa tanaica,
Aspius aspius, Cobitis sp (only in 2010), Misgurnus fossilis, Rhodeus amarus and Umbra krameri.
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Among other important articles on the ichtyofauna research on lake complexes of the Danube
Delta, we mention: „Ihtiofauna lagunei Sinoie” – 1993, „Studiu comparativ privind exploatarea populaţiilor de
caras (Carassius auratus gibelio) din lacurile Razim şi Puiu – Roşu” - 1994 and „Data on abiotic (nutrients) and
biotic (phytoplankton) quality elements in Fortuna ecologically reconstructed area (Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Romania)” – 2013.
A number of other relevant articles on the presence and population trends of fish species of
community interest, in the Danube Delta region, are presented below.
V. Oţel deals in the article „Prezenţa speciei Gymnocephalus baloni Holcik et Hensel 1974 (Pisces: Percidae) în
Rezervaţia Biosferei Delta Dunării”, published in 1998, with the presence of species Gymnocephalus
baloni in DDBR balloon between 1991 and 1998. According to the author, Gymnocephalus baloni
species was recorded in most of the cases in the Danube fairway and very rarely in stagnogley
environment (mouth of deep channels – e.g. Tulcea shipyard channel). In this period there were
captured 113 individuals of the Gymnocephalus baloni species. This species is endemic to the Danube
basin, having the smallest area in its genus, being frequent and abundant all along the Danube in the
DDBR territory. Habitat preferences overlap with those of Gymnocephalus schraetser species, to which
is much larger. According to the author, in the period between 1991 and 1998, the species was not
threatened on DDBR territory.
According to „Reassessment of current functional zones of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and management
proposals of the core areas in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve”, published in November 2010, 17 fish species
of conservation interest were recorded in DDBR. The article presents the population trend in
DDBR in the period 1990 – 2008, for the 17 species. Among the species with only one record or
very few records in DDBR during that period, are:
Gobio kessleri kessleri/ antipai – the only record is based on the capturing of an individual on
the Sulina Channel; in the past, antipai subspecies was recorded in all three branches of the
Danube;
Alosa tanaica – in DDBR the species is relatively common in the marine area. In some years,
during migration, species occur in large numbers in the Razim-Sinoe Complex, Danube arms
and several lakes. Considerable population fluctuations are registered during certain years
and seasons. It is a commercial species. Even if several records of the species are present in
the area, there are no real quantitative assessments on the species distribution in DDBR.
For these species, population trend evolution during 1990 - 2008 could not be assessed due to
insufficient data.
For one species, trend during 1990-2008, was evaluated as fluctuating:
Alosa immaculata - in RBDD this species is present in all marine areas, and during the
breeding period adults migrate upstream along the main arms of the Danube and, more
rarely, isolated individuals migrate to Razim-Sinoe Complex. It is an important commercial
species. The population of this species presents great natural fluctuations.
For one species, trend during 1990-2008, was evaluated as decreasing:
Umbra krameri – due to the high occurrence of algal blooming process in the second half of
the '80s, favorable habitats for this species were deteriorated. As a consequence of this
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phenomenon, the population of this species of fish has decreased in DDBR. The decline of
this species was also recorded in the 90s.
The population of Plecus cultratus in RBDD registered an increasing trend during 1990-2008.
The trend on the populations of 10 other species of conservation interest in DDBR was assessed as
stable, including species: Aspius aspiu, Gobio albipinnatus, Rhodeus amarus, Cobitis taenia, Sabanejewia
aurata, Misgurnus fossilis, Gymnocephalus baloni, Gymnocephalus schraetzer, Zingel streber and Zingel zingel.
Also, this article presents a table for the 17 fish species of conservation interest from the DDBR,
which shows the current environmental status of these species in DDBR. It also presents proposals
for long-term monitoring protocols for fish species of European conservation interest, whose
presence was reconfirmed since 1990 to present in the DDBR.
„The spatial and temporal distribution of the shads in Black Sea - marine zone of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve”,
published in 2014 by Năvodaru Ion and Maximov Valodea analyzes shad species in the maritime
area of the Danube Delta. The analysis was conducted in 2012 and presents the appearance and
distribution of species of shad in the Black Sea, Natura 2000 site ROSCI0066 Danube Delta – zona
marină (10 sectors were chosen to investigate shad species: Vadu, Chituc, Periboina, Portiţa,
Periteasca, Perişor, Zaton, Sahalin, Sf. Gheorghe and Sulina) using two methods: fixed gill nets
during the night and daytime trawlers. The main results of the study are: only two species of shad
were found, namely A. immaculata and A. tanaica that are present in ROSCI0066 throughout the year;
spatial distribution increases from southwest to northeast and from great depth - 20 m isobath towards shore, with a maximum aggregation near the mouth of the Danube River; the presence of
shads decreases from spring to autumn. In the last 50 years, A. maeotica, who lives in the Azov Sea
and occasionally reaches the Romanian coast, was cited as present in the Romanian marine waters.
According to the authors, conservation status of the shads seems appropriate, but under the
pressures of fishing, habitat loss and degradation. Sustainable fishing, monitoring and appropriate
research are recommended for the conservation of shad of the Danube - Black Sea complex.
Among other important items on shad we mention: „The changes in the character of reproduction of the
Danube hering (Alosa pontica pontica Eichwald) as a result of anthropogen deformation of its ecology” – 1994 and
„Comportamentul migraţiei scrumbiei de Dunăre (Alosa pontica pontica Eichwald), pe sectorul de Dunăre Mm 52
– Mm 50” – 1995.
Numerous articles published both in Romanian and in English, study the sturgeon species in the
Danube Delta region:
„Evoluţia elementelor critice pentru menţinerea sturionilor în Dunărea inferioară”, 1994;
„Cercetări asupra sturionilor marini migratori în Dunăre (I) Date recente privind hrana sturionilor în zona
Gurilor Dunării”, 1995;
„Cercetări asupra sturionilor marini migratori în Dunăre (II) Malformaţii ale înotătoarelor la exemplarele
cantonate în faţa Gurilor Dunării”, 1995;
„Distribution and genetic diversity of sturgeons feeding in the marine area of the Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve”, 2013;
„Heavy metal bio-accumulation in tissues of sturgeon species of the Lower Danube River, Romania”, 2013;
„Management applications of genetic structure of anadromous sturgeon populations in the Lower Danube
River (LDR), Romania”, 2013.
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A number of relevant data on dynamics and trend of fish catches in the Danube Delta region, are
presented in the following articles:
„Facts and remarks on the Danube Delta” study, written by Marian-Traian Gomoiu and
published in 1996, provides basic information on the ecological status of the Danube Delta,
review of the general characteristics of this unique biome, changes in the deltaic ecosystem
and their causes, as well as current efforts for a better understanding and management of the
DDBR. According to the author, in terms of biological resources represented by the fish in
the Danube Delta (annual fluctuations and dynamic trends) in the 1960-1990 period,
dynamics and trend of fish catches declined greatly; less valuable species (carp, bream, perch
and other species) increased from 4,000 tonnes in 1960 to 6,000 tons in 1990; sturgeon
species have declined from approx. 250 tonnes in 1960 to 0 in 1990;
Status assessment, development and diversification of fishing-dependent communities in the
Danube Delta were analyzed in a study called „Assessment of the status, development and
diversification of fisheries-dependent communities- Danube Delta case study report, Romania”, published
in 2006. According to the article, Danube Delta fish fauna has about 136 species, most of
them being freshwater and migratory species. The total volume of catches of shad is 4 times
higher than the MSY - "Maximum Sustainable Yield". For species of community interest like
Aspius aspius and Pelecus cultratus, the state of fish stocks is as follows: MSY according to
DDBRA - 4.8 tonnes and 0.4 tonnes; stock condition in relation to MSY - sustainable; the
main management regulations affecting the stock - fishing ban during the April 5-June 3;
mesh sizing restrictions; Natura 2000 protected species;
The article „Conservation of fish stocks in the Danube Delta, Romania: Present status, constraints, and
recommendation”, published in 2009 in the Italian Journal of Zoology by Ion Năvodaru and Mircea
Staraş, analyzes the state of fish stocks, the main constraints and recommendations on their
preservation in the Danube Delta, in the year 1998. The introduction of "Total allowable
Catch" (TAC) was the first adopted strategy for sustainable use of fishery resources.
However, the poor quality of catch data, lack of data on fishing effort and failure in fulfilling
the model assumptions in estimating the "Maximum Sustainable Yield" are the main
constraints to achieve this goal. Limiting fishing to 1,000 individual fishing licenses should
be a practical regulation for the conservation of fish stocks.
Another study dealing with the status of fish stocks in the Danube Delta is Propuneri de
exploatare a resurselor pescăreşti din RBDD în anul 2010” conducted by DDBRA and containing
recommendations on the sustainable exploitation of fish species. This article presents the
dynamics in fish catches (tonnes) in DDBR from 1996 to 2008. In the article there are
proposals on sustainable catches of commercial fisheries resources DDBR, for 2010, among
which are found species of community interest: Pelecus cultratus, Aspius aspius, Alosa tanaica
and Alosa imaculata.
Other important articles on the fish species of economic interest, the condition and exploitation of
fish stocks in DDBR or on fisheries in the area are: „Cercetări privind prolificitatea unor specii de peşti de
interes economic din Delta Dunării” – 1993„ Aprecieri privind starea şi exploatarea unor stocuri de peşte din
Rezervaţia Biosferei Delta Dunării” – 1994 and „Evoluţia, cercetarea şi administrarea pescăriilor din Rezervaţia
Biosferei Delta Dunării” – 1995.
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Cultural changes arising from changes in fishing practices as a consequence of environmental
protection and tourism, were studied in a doctoral thesis „Cultural change in a fishing village in the
Danube Delta: the consequences of environmental protection and tourism”, by Oana Ivan. The main purpose of
the study was to analyze and explain local communities’ responses on fishing prohibition and other
environmental restrictions that have been imposed in the last decade, focusing mainly on torusim
development and implied consequences on social and cultural life of Sf. Gheorghe, a fishing village
within DDBR. This study revealed that western institutions and "green" speeches play an extremely
important role in shaping a culture, while addressing critical issues that must be addressed effectively
by DDBRA, in order to prevent future cultural and environmental disruptions.
A series of articles study the effects of climate change on protected habitats, including fish
species in the Danube Delta. Among them we mention: „Schimbări în structura ihtiofaunei ca efect al
modificării caracteristicilor biotopului” - 1995, „Draft River Basin Management Plans - Adapting the Plans to
Climate Change Final Report” – 2008; „Approaches to habitat disturbances in the Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve” – 2011; „Climate change adapted management plan for Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve” – 2013 and
„Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for Danube Delta Region – România – Ukraine –
Moldova” – 2014.
There were also carried out a series of studies that analyze issues related to fish species diseases:
„Rezultatele investigaţiilor ihtiopatologice din teritoriul Rezervaţiei Biosferei Delta Dunării în anul 1992” – 1993,
„Pseudomonas aeruginosa, agent patogen la Acipenser stellatus” – 1993, and „Cercetări privind parazitofauna unor
specii de peşti exploataţi comercial din complexul de lacuri Roşu - Puiu” – 1995.
According to Natura 2000 factsheets (updated on February 17, 2015), in the study area, the Danube
Delta Region (DDBR and surrounding areas), fish species of community interest are found in 4 of
the 8 Sites of Community Importance: ROSCI0012 Braţul Măcin, ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării,
ROSCI0066 Delta Dunării – zona marină and in ROSCI0105 Lunca Joasă a Prutului.
Table no. 3-7 presents the 15 fish species of community interest protected in the 8 SCIs in the study
area, according to the Natura 2000 factsheets (updated on February 17, 2015).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
109
1124 – Gobio albipinnatus
1130 – Aspius aspius
1134 – Rhodeus sericeus amarus
1145 – Misgurnus fossilis
1146 – Sabanejewia aurata
1149 – Cobitis taenia
1157 – Gymnocephalus schraetzer
1159 – Zingel zingel
1160 – Zingel streber
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSCI0201
ROSCI0123
ROSCI0105
ROSCI0067
ROSCI0066
ROSCI0065
Code and fish species name
ROSCI0060
No.
ROSCI0012
Table no. 3-7 Fish species of community interest included in the Natura 2000 factsheets of the SCIs
located in the study area
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10
11
12
13
14
15
2011 – Umbra krameri
2511 – Gobio kessleri
2522 – Pelecus cultratus
2555 – Gymnocephalus baloni
4125 – Alosa immaculata
4127 – Alosa tanaica
x – species mentioned in Natura 2000 factsheets
110
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSCI0201
ROSCI0123
ROSCI0105
ROSCI0067
ROSCI0066
ROSCI0065
Code and fish species name
ROSCI0060
No.
ROSCI0012
MRDPA
Figure no. 3-19 Numerical distribution of fish species of community interest in the Danube Delta Region
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3.2.5 Amphibians and reptiles
According to Gâştescu and Ştiucă26, on DDBR territory, the amphibian class is represented by a
small number of species belonging to 2 orders: 2 species of newts and 8 species of frogs. Thus, in
Danube Delta are present only 10 amphibian species out of the 17 existing across the country,
respectively out of 45 species existing across Europe. The small number of species is offset by the
very high density of 3 aquatic species: Rana ridibunda (marsh frog), Bombina bombina (European firebellied toad) and Hyla arborea (European tree frog). Other 2 frog species are also frequent: Pelobates
fuscus (European spadefoot toad), especially on the fluvial grinds, and Pelobates syriacus balcanicus
(eastern spadefoot toad), in sandy coastal areas. Bufo bufo (common toad) although generally frequent
across the country, on DDBR territory is rare, being reported currently only between the Danube
river branches, while Bufo viridis (European green toad) is frequent in human settlements ecosystems.
Regarding the newts, Triturus dobrogicus and Triturus vulgaris are present in Danube Delta Region, the
first being more widespread than the second.
According to the same authors, the reptile class on DDBR territory is represented by: Testudines
order – turtles, Sauria order - lizards and Serpentes order - snakes. Thus, in Danube Delta are
present only 11 reptile species out of the 23 existing across the country, respectively out of 83
species existing across Europe. All 11 species are protected by Bern Convention, 9 of them being
strictly protected. The 11 species encountered on Danube Delta Region are:
2 turtle species:
 Emys orbicularis – European pond turtle – frequent in all the aquatic areas;
 Testudo graeca ibera - spur-thighed tortoise – very rare in some steppe areas (Iancina
and Doloşman), also still quite numerous in Istria fortress area; it was declared a
natural monument species at national level;
4 lizard species:
 Lacerta agilis – sand lizard – in sandy areas, especially in Letea and Caraorman forests,
and the entire coastal area, large populations of Lacerta agilis euxinica;
 Eremias arguta deserti – steppe runner – present in the same habitat type as the sand
lizard, but is much less numerous;
 Lacerta trilineata donrogica – Balkan green lizard – on rocky areas and hills with highest
grasses and bushes in the vicinity of Razim Lake, with relatively numerous
populations;
 Podarcis taurica – Balkan wall lizard – on hilly steppe areas, with relatively numerous
populations;
5 snake species:
 Natrix natrix – grass snake – aquatic species, numerous, common in all the aquatic
areas;
26
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Delta Dunării Rezervaţie a Biosferei, 2008, Petre Gâştescu, Romulus Ştiucă, Editura CD Press
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
Natrix tesselata – dice snake – prefers rocky shores, being very rare within the delta
and extremely numerous in Razim - Sinoe lagoon complex (Iancina, Doloşman,
Popina and Bisericuţa islands etc.);

Coluber caspius – caspian whipsnake – is the largest and the most aggressive snake in
Europe (exceeding 2 m long) being relatively frequently encountered in many
extradeltaic steppe areas, but difficult to observe, preferring to stay near the colonies
of the ground squirrels or rich in lizards;
Coronella austriaca – smooth snake – it is very rare and is found as isolated specimens
in Letea forest and Chituc grind (sand bank);


Vipera ursinii – meadow viper – it is the only poisonous snake on DDBR territory,
nearly extinct in its European area; in Danube Delta occurs in large populations in
the forest planted near St. Gheorghe town and on Perişor grind (sand bank).
According to „Ecological gradients in the Danube Delta lakes: present state and man-induced changes” article,
published in 2000, by Oosterberg, W. et al., in Danube Delta fauna were observed, during 1991 1997, 3.491 species, of which 9 species of amphibians and 12 species of reptiles.
Another study, published in 2006, by Török, examines the use of GIS technology for data
management of the Natura 2000 sites and the importance of this tool in the selection process of the
potential Natura 2000 sites and the establishment of their limits, if the policy makers take into
account information related on the biology, habitat requirements of target species and the results of
the field studies from the target zones. Case study: Elaphe quatorlineata – „GIS technique used for
managing data on potential Natura 2000 sites. Case study: areas inhabited by Elaphe quatorlineata”. This paper
presents a history of Elaphe quatorlineata records (with exact summoning of the works) before 1990
and between 1990 and 2006. According to this article, in the last two centuries, the number of
individuals of Elaphe quatorlineata recorded in Romania ranged between 42 and 45 individuals (of
which approx. 20 individuals were registered before 1990 and 22 specimens between 1990 and 2006,
mostly in Dobrudja).
2 important studies on populations of Vipera ursinii in Danube Delta Region are: „Vipera ursinii
moldavica populations of the Romanian Danube-Delta” and „Information technology used in preparing the national
reports on Species of Community Interest. Study case: Vipera ursinii in Pontic bioregion”, published in 2006,
respectively in 2013, in the Scientific Annals of the Danube Delta Tulcea. The first analyzes and
compares the populations of Vipera ursinii moldavica in 2 locations from Danube Delta: Periteaşca
and Sfântu Gheorghe, while the second study represents a contribution to the preliminary version of
the national report on the status of Vipera ursinii in Pontic biogeographical region.
„On a record of largest specimen of Triturus dobrogicus (Kiritzescu 1903) from the Danube Delta, Romania”,
2009, brings a new contribution to the knowledge of the morphology and ecology of the species.
According to this article, the presence of large specimens may indicate optimal habitat conditions,
essential for the establishment of a favorable conservation status, and given that the species has
suffered a severe decline, represents a very important contribution in this regard.
„Reassessment of current functional zones of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and management proposals of the core
areas in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve”, published in November 2010, indicates the population trend
of the amphibians and reptiles species, in DDBR, during 1990 - 2008. Thus, according to the study,
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on DDBR territory were recorded during the period referred, 6 species of reptiles and amphibians
of conservation interest. 5 species out of the 6 mentioned in the study, are found also in the
protected natural areas of community interest that overlap with our study region, namely the
Danube Delta Region (DDBR and the surrounding areas): Bombina bombina, Triturus dobrogicus, Emys
orbicularis, Testudo graeca and Vipera ursinii. During 1990 – 2008, the population trend of the species
mentioned was assessed as stable. Within the same study it is presented also the current
environmental status of these species in DDBR, being assessed as „secure” for Bombina bombina,
Triturus dobrogicus, Emys orbicularis and Testudo graeca, respectively „localized” for Vipera ursinii, due to
the fact that the populations of this species are closely concentrated in only three areas on DDBR
territory. The study also presents proposals regarding the long-term monitoring protocols of the
amphibian and reptile species of European conservation interest, whose presence was reconfirmed
in 1990 and till today, on DDBR territory.
„Preliminary data on carapace health of Testudo graeca from cetatea Histria, Dobrudja county”, 2011, analyzes
the population of Testudo graeca in Histria fortress, based on the health of their shells. According to
this article, Testudo graeca is one of the endangered species from Dobrogea, heavily threatened by the
destruction and fragmentation of the habitats as a result of the human activities. The area
investigated, in the vicinity of Histria fortress, holds a large population of the species, 54 specimens
being investigated in order to assess the general health of the shells and the anthropogenic impact
depending on the erosion zone, injuries and scars caused by humans, genetic malformations. The
results revealed that the population of this species is healthy, rarely impacted by the anthropogenic
causes.
„Doubtful records of reptile species in some areas of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (Romania)”, published in
2012, by Török, provide details of the doubtful records (sources published between 1863 and 2011)
of some reptile species reported from different parts of DDBR: Testudo graeca, Elaphe (quatorlineata)
sauromates and Vipera ursinii.
2 studies: Contributions to an up-date of the Red List of wild species from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve.
Part I. Amphibians and Contributions to an up-date of the Red List of wild species from the Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve. Part II. Reptiles, published in 2013, respectively in 2014, in the Scientific Annals of
the Danube Delta, by Török Zsolt Csaba, brings contributions to the Red List of wild species
from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, for amphibian and reptile species. According to the
first study, targeting the amphibian species on DDBR territory, the first Red List of wild species
from DDBR was developed in 1999 and published in 2000. So far, in DDBR were recorded 11
native species of amphibians (respectively 10 native species and one hybrid). The paper provides
details on proposals to consider the conservation status assessed for the amphibian species
encountered on DDBR territory, based on the results of investigations carried out since 2000 and
taking into account the developments related to criteria for granting the status of preservation for
the wildlife species (worldwide, European, EU and national level). Thus, for the 2 amphibian species
of community interest, referred in the analysis, arising the following: Triturus dobrogicus (widespread
species, but not frequent) – Vulnerable and Bombina bombina (widespread and frequent species) –
Least Concern. Also, within the study are presented also maps of the areas of records (before 1990,
after 1990 and also continuous data) on DDBR territory and the neighboring regions, for the 2
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species mentioned above, overlapped on the grid of 10 x 10 km UTM. It was noted that for Bombina
bombina are present much more records, both on DDBR territory and in the neighboring regions.
As regards the second study, provides details on proposals to consider the conservation status
assessed for the reptile species encountered on DDBR territory, based on the results of
investigations carried out since 2000 and taking into account the developments related to criteria for
granting the status of preservation for the wildlife species (worldwide, european, EU and national
level). So far, in DDBR were recorded 12 native species of reptile. Thus, for the 3 reptile species of
community interest, referred in the analysis, arising the following: Testudo graeca (rare species in
DDBR) – Vulnerable; Emys orbicularis (relatively common species) - Vulnerable; Vipera ursinii (rare
species in DDBR) – Critically endangered species. Also, within the study are presented also maps
regarding the administrative territories where there are reliable records on natural populations of the
species, as well as the main threats considered in the Danube Delta region on the species of
community interest. The species Elaphe (quatuorlineata) sauromates was not included in the Red List of
wild species from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, because until the submission of the paper
there were no published information regarding the species presence in DDBR, even if one of the
areas targeted by the current national monitoring project of the species of community interest,
where was planned the assessment of Elaphe (quatuorlineata) sauromates populations, cover a part of
DDBR (Histria plot), due to the fact that in the area, in places close to Histria, were present recent
records of Elaphe (quatuorlineata) sauromates.
The same author, Török Zsolt Csaba, has published in 2014 „Setting-up a medium term plan for riskassessment in aquatic and semiaquatic reptiles from the site “ROSCI0065” (Danube Delta) – Romaniaan, an
article aimed also to the impact of human activities on the populations of 3 species of aquatic and
semi-aquatic reptiles (Emys orbicularis, Natrix natrix and Natrix tessellata), carried out in ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării. The key findings that emerged from the study, conducted between January-August
2013, are: road accidents, deliberate killing of snake species and trap systems. Based on these
preliminary results, a medium-term plan was planned for the period March-October 2014, weekly, in
order to collect data concerning the impact of human activities on populations of reptiles.
A series of other articles reveals the effects of climate change on the protected habitats,
including on the amphibian and reptile species from the Danube Delta. Among them, we
mention: „Schimbări în structura ihtiofaunei ca efect al modificării caracteristicilor biotopului” – 1995; „Draft
River Basin Management Plans - Adapting the Plans to Climate Change Final Report” – 2008; „Approaches to
habitat disturbances in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve” – 2011; „Climate change adapted management plan
for Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve” – 2013 and „Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for
Danube Delta Region – România – Ukraine – Moldova” – 2014.
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According to the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms (updated on February 17, 2015), on the study
area, the Danube Delta Region (DDBR and the surrounding areas), the amphibian and reptile
species of community interest are found in 7 of the 8 sites of community importance, except for
ROSCI0066 Delta Dunării - zona marină. Also, in other 2 sites is encountered only one of the 6
species of community interest, respectively in ROSCI0060 Dealurile Agighiolului may be
encountered only Testudo graeca, while in ROSCI0067 Deniz Tepe may be encountered only Elaphe
quatuorlineata.
In Table no. 3-8 are presented the 6 amphibian and reptile species of community interest protected
in the 8 SCIs from the study area, according to Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms (updated on
February 17, 2015).
ROSCI0201
ROSCI0067
ROSCI0066
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
116
x
x
x
x
ROSCI0123
x
x
x
ROSCI0105
1188 – Bombina bombina
1219 – Testudo graeca
1220 – Emys orbicularis
1279 – Elaphe quatuorlineata
1298 – Vipera ursinii
1993 – Triturus dobrogicus
ROSCI0065
1
2
3
4
5
6
Amphibian and reptile species code and
name
ROSCI0060
No.
ROSCI0012
Table no. 3-8 The community interest amphibian and reptile species included in the Natura 2000
Standard Data Forms of the SCIs from the study area
x
x
x
MRDPA
Figure no. 3-20 Numerical distribution of community interest amphibian and reptile species in the Danube Delta Region
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3.2.6 Mammals (including bat species)
Although extremely important both scientifically and economically, the mammals fauna has not
been the subject of scientific studies dedicated to this biotic compartment in the Danube Delta until
1931 when was published the scientific monography ”Mamiferele României. Repartiţia şi problemele lor
biogeografice-economice” by Raul I. Călinescu, standing out however for this deltaic area, a faunistical and
cynegetical bibliography rich in systematic and zoogeographical data on mammals in Romania.
Considerations regarding the valorification of the cynegetic resources of the Danube Delta were
brought by Cotta V. and Andone Gh. (1969), Inaşcu M. (1971), Dragomir N.I. and Kiss, J.B. (1972),
Almăşan H. (1985, 1993), Filat M. Condac M. and Greavu M. (1995).
The most important researches concerning the distribution and the importance of the mammals
from Danube Delta have been achieved by Bunesco A. (1959), Hamar M. (1960), Barbu P. (1969),
Marches G. (1970), Popescu A., Suciu M. şi Chiriac E. (1974), Murariu D. (1981), Murariu D. (1996),
Popescu A. and Murariu D. (2001), Cuzic M. and Murariu D. (2008) and Stanc S.M. (2009).
As regards the knowledge of the beaver from Danube Delta, the researches were focused more in
paleozoology terms, because by the end of the XXth century, Danube Delta territory was considered
inappropriate for beaver’s habitat preferences, due to large fluctuations of the Danube water level
(thus considering that the beaver is not present). Despite this, the paleozoology researches (Bălăşescu,
2000) confirmed the beaver's presence in the lower area of the Danube up to Isaccea and near the
Dobruja Plateau next to Murighiol (the latest paleozoology evidence on the beaver presence are
originating from the early medieval period).
The most important contributions regarding the presence of the beaver populations from Danube
Delta were brought by Călinescu (1931, 1934), Vasiuliu and Şova (1968), Necrasov O. and Stirbu M.
(1975), Rudescu and Godeanu (1980), Ionescu and colab. (2010),
Although almost disappeared from Romania in the last two centuries, the beaver (Castor fiber) was
reintroduced in some areas of the country in old habitats from which disappeared, in particular due
to the effect of the human pressures (Kiss and colab., 2011, 2012). Since 1998, many projects
concerning the reintegration and monitoring of this species populations in Romania have been
started (Ionescu and Troidl, 1997, Ionescu, 2010), especially in some areas of the Danube Delta.
Regarding the knowledge of Mustela lutreola populations from Danube Delta, specie of conservation
interest, significant contributions were brought by Youngman P.M. (1982), Palazon S. and RuizOlmo J. (1998), Gotea V. and Kranz A. (2000), Kranz A., Polednik L., Gotea V. (2001), Cuzic M.,
Marinov M. and Cuzic V. (2002), Kranz A., Toman A. and Kiss J.B. (2003), Kranz A., Toman A.,
Polednikova K., Polednik L. and Kiss J.B. (2004), Lode T., Cormier J.P., and Jacques D. (2001),
Marinov M.E., Kiss J.B., Toman A., Polednik L., Alexe V., Doroftei M., Doroşencu A. and Kranz
A. (2012), Michaux J.R., Hardy O.J., Justy F., Fournier P., Kranz A. and Cabia M. (2005).
It is important to mention that, in 1993 was reported for the first time the jackal presence (Canis
aureaus L.) in Danube Delta, on Chituc and Sinoe hunting areas, while in 1994 the species was
observed also in Sf. Gheorghe hunting area (Filat and colab., 1995). Since then it was considered that
the species area expands to the north and was especially important that the population’s evolution to
be monitored.
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The studies regarding the bats fauna from the Danube Delta have started after the middle of the
XXth century, focusing mainly on the researches concerning the underground shelters (Călinescu,
1931, Cerveny, 1982, Dumitrescu et al., 1962-1963, Dumitrescu et al., 1958, Dumitrescu, 1969, Răduleţ, 1994,
Răduleţ and Stănescu, 1966, Valenciuc and Ion, 1971). Since the XXI century have appeared also
publications that had, besides the researches on favorable habitats of the bat species, important
contributions to the inventorying / monitoring of the bat's populations from the Dobrudjan carstic
environment (Răduleţ, 2005, Done, 2007, Ifrim and Pocora, 2007, Murariu et al., 2009, Nagy and Postawa,
2010, Pocora and Pocora, 2011). Nagy and Postawa (2010) based on observations from 2003, have
rated the conservation degree of the underground shelters of bats, assigning a conservation value, on
a scale of 1-4, for the caves in Romania (Mitchell-Jones et al., 2000).
Contributions concerning the dynamic and migration of the bat populations from Danube Delta
have been brought also by Măntoiu Dragoş (performs monitoring activities on bat fauna of Dobruja
since 2012), the partial results of the monitoring being disseminated within the oral presentations at
various International Scientific Conferences and Symposiums.
In Table no. 3-9 are presented the 10 mammals species (including one bat species) of community
interest protected in the 8 SCIs from the study area, according to Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms
(updated on February 17, 2015).
x
ROSCI0105
ROSCI0067
ROSCI0066
ROSCI0065
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
119
x
ROSCI0201
1304 – Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
1335 – Spermophilus citellus
1349 – Tursiops truncatus
1351 – Phocoena phocoena
1355 – Lutra lutra
1356 – Mustela lutreola
2021 – Sicista subtilis
2609 – Mesocricetus newtoni
2633 – Mustela eversmannii
2635 – Vormela peregusna
ROSCI0123
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mammal species code and name
ROSCI0060
No.
ROSCI0012
Table no. 3-9 The community interest mammal species (including bat species) included in the
Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of the SCIs from the study area
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Figure no. 3-21 Numerical distribution of community interest mammal species (including bat species) in the Danube Delta Region
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3.2.7 Birds
The study on bird species in Danube Delta began relatively late, compared to other country regions
(M, Marinov, 2012). First researches on bird species from Danube Delta dates from the second half
of the XIXth century (O. Finsch, H. W. Simpson, A. Pelzeln). In the following period stood out
Dombrowski, Dionisie Linţia, E. Nadra, C. Rosetti – Bălănescu, S. Pascovschi, I. Cătuneanu, G. D.
Vasiliu, L. Rodewald (Rudescu), M. Băcescu, D. Radu, A. Papadopol, M. Tălpeanu, Maria Paspaleva,
Dan Munteanu, G. Andone, H. Almăsan and others. Subsequently, J. B. Kiss, L. Manolache, M.
Măties, D. Stănescu, V. Ciochia, K. P. Zsivanovits and many others.
Although extremely important for science, the early researches conducted on birds in Danube Delta
are difficult to consult. On the other hand, the changes made in Danube Delta in the last 100 or
even 50 years (both natural and anthropogenic) make that those papers not to be entirely updated.
Due to the wide diversity of the bird species in Danube Delta, 1000 works have been published over
time. In this regard, we consider it is necessary to mention that the studies on bird species from
Danube Delta and the surrounding areas do not consist only in the papers presented here.
In the last 50 years, many researchers have focused on the study of bird species from Danube Delta
and the neighboring areas. An important contribution to the study of bird species from Danube
Delta was the establishment of some researches centers, among which we mention: „Danube Delta”
Cynegetic Station (1954), Museum of Natural Sciences – Danube Delta (1964), Danube Delta
Research and Design Institute - Tulcea (1970), Romanian Ornithological Society (1990) and
„Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, established since 1834.
The study conducted during 1978 - 1979, published in 1981, by Aurel Papadopol – „Considerations
sur l'ecologie des oiseaux du secteur Murighiol-Tulcea-Babadag-Lunca (Jurilovca) dans le contexte
de la dynamique de l'avifaune du complexe lagunaire de Razelm-Sinoe (Dobrogea, Roumanie)”,
contains ecological considerations related to the peripheral sectors of Danube Delta and RazelmSinoe lagoon complex, regarding 137 species of birds. The data presented summarizes the researches
made by the author during 1978 - 1979, and for comparison are presented also historical data, from
1956 - 1973. The main bird species identified at the time, on the sector located between Babadag
lake and Enisala, are: Fulica atra, Gallinula chloropus, Anas querquedula, Aythya ferina, Anas platyrhynchos,
Ardeola ralloides, Ardea cinerea, Ardea purpurea, Ixobrychus minutus, Egretta garzetta, Cygnus olor, Larus
ridibundus, Sterna hirundo, Chlidonias niger, Chlidonias hybrida, Larus argentatus cachinnans, Larus argentatus,
Merops apiaster, Falco tinnunculus, Passer rnontanus, Corvus monedula, Oenanthe oenanthe.
The papers that have as study object only a small number of bird species from Danube Delta are
numerous, among their authors we mention: Botond J. Kiss, Vasile Alexe, Alexandru Doroşencu,
Mihai Marinov, Attila Sándor, Dan Hulea, Viorel Pocora, Elena Irina Pocora, Kalocsa Béla, Tamás
Enikő Anna, Reed Mike, Alexandru Doroşencu, Constantin Ion, Michael Schmitz, Christoph
Sudfeldt, Harald Legge, Kristian Mantel, Peter Weber, Laurenţiu Petrencu, Emanuel Baltag, Domsa
Cristian, Aurel Papadopol, Gabriel Chişamera, Mircea Gogu-Bogdan, Costică Adam.
Among the interesting discoveries made in the Danube Delta we can cite the Egyptian goose
(Alopochen aegyptiacus) reporting, near Tulcea (J.B. Kiss, 1994). In 1990, at Somova, an unknown
hunter shot a goose that has been naturalized by an amateur, but over time it began to deteriorate.
Entering into its possession, J.B. Kiss recognized the specie and described it as being an adult
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exemplary of the Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus), brown-red version. In 1998, another unusual
occurrence was reported in Danube Delta by Mihai Marinov and Dan Hulea. They reported the
nesting presence of the cattle egret (Bulbucus ibis). The species observations occurred in 1993 (4
reporting of the species, non-breeding) and 1994 (1 reporting, non-breeding), while in 1996 was
identified the first nest of the cattle egret in the colony of Chiril Lake. Subsequently, in 1997 another
two nests were identified in the colony from the vicinity of Nebunu Lake, while in 1998 were
identified another 3 nests. The authors explain the appearance of the specie in Danube Delta at
nesting, as a possible extension of its areal toward north.
The locations of colonial bird species, and not only, have been the subject of several studies
concerning the bird species from Danube Delta. Thus, in 2004 was published a paper having as
study topic: 13 birds species belonging to Pelecaniformes and Ciconiiformes rrders, as well as the
habitats preferences (Platteeuw et al, Colonial waterbirds and their habitat use in the Danube Delta,
2004). This paper presents the results of a study conducted in 2001-2002 in Danube Delta, both in
Romania territory and Ukraine, where have been identified over 100 colonies, respectively 48,000
nesting pairs.
In 2006, Sandor D. Attila, Moldovan Istvan and Sebastian Bugariu have observed what may
represent the first evidence of nesting for the citrine wagtail (Motacilla citreola), in Romania. The
observation took place during an annular bird campaign in Danube Delta, on Grindul Chituc. In the
paper, the authors point to a possible extension of the species nesting's territory toward south, thus
including also Romania, in a manner similar to Poland or Latvia.
Also in 2006, the authors Cuzic and Petrescu, in „Studiul avifaunei şi habitatelor din Podişul
Dobrogean în scopul dezvoltării reţelei de arii protejate”, have inventoried in Deniz Tepe Hill nature
reserve, 11 bird species of Annex I of the Birds Directive (respectively Annex 3 of GEO 57/ 2007)
and 8 species of Annex 4b of GEO 57/ 2007, the main major habitat types identified being
represented by meadows, thickets and also rocky regions.
In 2009, the authors Baczó Zoltán, Kovács Szabolcs, Szabó Attila have conducted a review of the
major ornithological observations made in Romania in 2004, 2006 and 2007. Of the nine species and
one subspecies listed, only three have been seen outside of Dobrogea and Danube Delta territories.
Thus, the authors mentioned the presence of: the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) and the bluethroat
(Luscinia svecica magna) in the vicinity of the Tătaru Channel from the Danube Delta, the aquatic
warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola) and the demoiselle crane (Antropoides virgo) in the vicinity of Histria,
the sardinian warbler (Sylvia melanocephala) on Sahalin island, the eastern orphean warbler (Sylvia
crassirostris) near Murighiol and the pallas' leaf warbler (Phylloscopus proregulus) in Chituc area.
Milvus Group Association has identified within the project „Studiul migraţiei de toamnă a păsărilor
răpitoare din Dobrogea – 2010, 2011”, the migration routes of the raptor bird species in Dobrudja,
the main observation points being located in Northern Dobrudja, in 2010. The results revealed that
the total number of migratory bird species observed in Dobrudja, at the observation point located
on the Deniz Tepe hill, was of 313 migratory raptor species and 92 other large size species, such as
the white stork (Ciconia ciconia), the black stork (Ciconia nigra), the great white pelican (Pelecanus
onocrotalus), the Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus), geese, cormorants, etc.
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Another important article can be found in the Scientific Annals of the Danube Delta - “Preliminary
data concerning ornithofauna of the Babadag lake area”, Tulcea – Romania, 2011. This article
presents ornithological observations made in Babadag lake area and its surroundings, in 2008 and
2009. The aim of this study was to update the data concerning the quantitative analyzes of the
ornithological fauna present in Babadag lake area. Overall, 91 species of birds have been identified,
of which 80 are nesting in the area. The identified birds belong to 12 orders, 36 families and 65
genera. Also, one of the largest colonies of Riparia riparia, from Dobrudja area and also from
Romania, was identified, respectively over 2,000 pairs.
The birds are one of the biggest attractions of the Danube Delta and the neighboring areas, drawing
attention both researchers and tourists. In this paper we have presented only a part of the studies
concerning the avifauna from Danube Delta.
In Table no. 3-10 are presented the 100 bird species of community interest protected in the 12 SPAs
from the study area, according to Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms (updated on February 17,
2015).
123
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0076
ROSPA0073
ROSPA0060
ROSPA0052
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0121
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0100
x
x
x
ROSPA0091
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0040
A001 – Gavia stellata
A002 – Gavia arctica
A019 – Pelecanus onocrotalus
A020 – Pelecanus crispus
A021 – Botaurus stellaris
A022 – Ixobrychus minutus
A023 – Nycticorax nycticorax
A024 – Ardeola ralloides
A026 – Egretta garzetta
A027 – Egretta alba
A029 – Ardea purpurea
A030 – Ciconia nigra
A031 – Ciconia ciconia
A032 – Plegadis falcinellus
A034 – Platalea leucorodia
A037 – Cygnus columbianus bewickii
A038 – Cygnus cygnus
A042 – Anser erythropus
A060 – Aythya nyroca
A068 – Mergus albellus
A071 – Oxyura leucocephala
A072 – Pernis apivorus
ROSPA0032
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
ROSPA0031
Birds species code and name
ROSPA0019
No.
ROSPA0009
Table no. 3-10 The community interest bird species, listed in Annex I of the Council Directive
2009/147/ EC, included in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of the SPAs from the study area
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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124
A073 – Milvus migrans
A075 – Haliaeetus albicilla
A077 – Neophron percnopterus
A078 – Gyps fulvus
A080 – Circaetus gallicus
A081 – Circus aeruginosus
A082 – Circus cyaneus
A083 – Circus macrourus
A084 – Circus pygargus
A089 – Aquila pomarina
A090 – Aquila clanga
A091 – Aquila chrysaetos
A092 – Hieraaetus pennatus
A094 – Pandion haliaetus
A095 – Falco naumanni
A097 – Falco vespertinus
A098 – Falco columbarius
A103 – Falco peregrinus
A119 – Porzana porzana
A120 – Porzana parva
A121 – Porzana pusilla
A122 – Crex crex
A127 – Grus grus
A131 – Himantopus himantopus
A132 – Recurvirostra avosetta
A133 – Burhinus oedicnemus
A135 – Glareola pratincola
A138 – Charadrius alexandrinus
A139 – Charadrius morinellus
A140 – Pluvialis apricaria
A151 – Philomachus pugnax
A154 – Gallinago media
A157 – Limosa lapponica
A159 – Numenius tenuirostris
A166 – Tringa glareola
A167 – Xenus cinereus
A170 – Phalaropus lobatus
A176 – Larus melanocephalus
A177 – Larus minutus
A180 – Larus genei
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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x
x
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x
x
x
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x
x
x
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x
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x
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x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0121
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0100
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0091
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0076
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0073
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0060
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0052
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0040
x
x
x
ROSPA0032
ROSPA0031
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
ROSPA0019
No.
ROSPA0009
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0121
ROSPA0100
ROSPA0091
ROSPA0076
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0073
ROSPA0040
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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x
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x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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x
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x
125
ROSPA0032
ROSPA0031
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROSPA0060
A189 – Gelochelidon nilotica
A190 – Sterna caspia
A191 – Sterna sandvicensis
A193 – Sterna hirundo
A195 – Sterna albifrons
A196 – Chlidonias hybridus
A197 – Chlidonias niger
A215 – Bubo bubo
A222 – Asio flammeus
A224 – Caprimulgus europaeus
A229 – Alcedo atthis
A231 – Coracias garrulus
A234 – Picus canus
A236 – Dryocopus martius
A238 – Dendrocopos medius
A239 – Dendrocopos leucotos
A242 – Melanocorypha calandra
A243 – Calandrella brachydactyla
A246 – Lullula arborea
A255 – Anthus campestris
A272 – Luscinia svecica
A293 – Acrocephalus melanopogon
A307 – Sylvia nisoria
A320 – Ficedula parva
A321 – Ficedula albicollis
A338 – Lanius collurio
A339 – Lanius minor
A379 – Emberiza hortulana
A393 – Phalacrocorax pygmeus
A396 – Branta ruficollis
A397 – Tadorna ferruginea
A402 – Accipiter brevipes
A403 – Buteo rufinus
A404 – Aquila heliaca
A429 – Dendrocopos syriacus
A464 – Puffinus yelkouan
A511 – Falco cherrug
A533 – Oenanthe pleschanka
ROSPA0052
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
ROSPA0019
No.
ROSPA0009
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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x
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Figure no. 3-22 Numerical distribution of community interest bird species in the Danube Delta Region
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3.3 DESCRIPTION OF ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE
AFFECTED SPECIES AND HABITATS OF COMMUNITY
INTEREST (AREA, LOCATION, CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES)
AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH ADJACENT NATURA
2000 SITES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION
On the surface of the study area, Danube Delta Region, four landforms can be found: delta,
plateaus, hills and mountains, and in much smaller proportions also floodplains and marine areas. In
terms of the major relief units, Natura 2000 sites are encountered (partially and entirely) in Danube
Delta, Dobrudja Plateau, Black Sea (territorial waters) and the Romanian plain (only two of the sites,
less than 5 % of their surface).
Danube Delta is characterized mainly by reophile and lentic aquatic ecosystems. The reophile
ecosystems are represented by: Danube and its branches, channels. The lentic ecosystems are the
result of the atrophiation of reofile conditions and the accentuation of the lentic conditions, and are
represented by lakes and ponds formed by the closure of the active arms of the Danube or the
channels. Along with the freshwater ecosystems, salty and low salinity habitats, lagoons, semienclosed bays, coastal marine waters, mixed oak forests, thickets, meadows, dunes, as well as
anthropogenic ecosystems, contribute to Delta's heterogeneity.
The Northern Dobrudja Plateau is one of the largest Natura 2000 site localized entirely in Dobrudja
Plateau, consisting over 95 % of community interest habitats: steppe habitats, Balkan and
Submediterranean forests and scrubland habitats. A significant number of the vegetal associations
within the 10 community interest habitats (of which 3 are prioritary) have an endemic feature for
Dobrudja, the biggest part of their distribution area at national and global level being encountered
within this area. Also, Agighiolului and Deniz Tepe Hills are other 2 Natura 2000 sites localized
entirely (100 %) within the Dobrudja Plateau, and in the same time within the territory of the study
area, being characterized by rocky habitats, meadows steppe, silvosteppe and forest habitats,
respectively Ponto-Sarmatic steppes and thickets. Măcinului Mountains are the oldest mountains in
Romania, characterized by typical Ponto-Balkan steppe ecosystems, sub-Mediterranean and Balkan
forests, and a rich diversity of flora and fauna.
The Natura 2000 species and habitats potentially affected, located in the study area, belong to the
entire taxonomical spectrum that is subject to protection in Natura 2000 sites. The potentially
affected species belong at the same time to the majority of the functional spectrum: primary
producers, herbivores, insectivores, carnivores or parasitoids organisms, being represented both of
terrestrial species and aquatic species. The species and habitats of community interest are key
components for the Natura 2000 sites both in what concern the functional role and of the
representativeness or uniqueness.
As a result of the current level of detail of the DDISDS projects/ types of interventions, as well as
of the large number of species and habitats of community interest that could be affected, a detailed
description of the ecological functions of all species and habitats of community interest, for each of
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potentially affected Natura 2000 sites, it is difficult to achieve at this strategic planning level. Each of
the habitats and species of community interest potentially affected have an important role in
maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the Natura 2000 sites from which belong, and
this analysis will be performed within the environmental proceedings (EA and EIA) at a project/
type of intervention level, depending on the characteristics of each of them.
The invertebrates play a crucial role in the functioning of the ecosystems due to their food regime
(covering all levels of consumers - primary and secondary), on the one hand, and of their ecological
plurivalence, on the other hand: pollinators (e.g.: species of Lepidoptera), phytophagous, primary
phytophagous or secondary detritophagous. As prey, the invertebrates are a trophic source both for
other invertebrates and for the amphibians, birds and insectivore mammals (e.g.: bats). Most species
of invertebrates shows a high degree of stenoecie (preferences more or less strict regarding the
habitat, food, local conditions etc.), making them vulnerable to the disturbances of their living
conditions and to habitat degradation. Thus, the presence of certain species of invertebrates
constitutes an indicator of the habitat health degree populated by them.
The fish are an important feature for the majority of the aquatic ecosystems in terms of their
ecological role, including the direct impact on prey populations and the indirect impact on other
biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, as well as the in terms of their socio-economical
value.
Fish can be omnivores, herbivores, insectivores, planktivorous, piscivorous and, at the same time,
represent the main source of food for many organisms, both terrestrial and aquatic. They control
other populations by eating the microorganisms and plankton. There is an interdependence between
plants, that release oxygen into the water, necessary for fish breathing, and fish that removes various
substances out of their system (during defecation), which fertilizes the plants, and when they die
their body nutrients help the plants in the development process. Also, fish are an important food
source for many bird species.
Some fish have an important role as biomarkers for the waters in which they live, constituting good
indicators of the long-term effects of the anthropogenic pressures.
The migratory fish species shall travel along the rivers courses to spawn, the flow regime and water
temperature being important factors in the early stages of larvae development.
The amphibians and reptiles play a major role in the trophic networks, such as predators and as
prey. The species potentially affected are mostly represented by consumers of insects or small
mammals. When amphibian populations are abundant, they can consume significant amounts of
prey organisms, serving to limit the population explosions. The larvae of some species of newts and
frogs are important predators in ponds and other water bodies and affect the abundance and
diversity of aquatic invertebrate communities and of other amphibians. As prey, herpetofauna is an
important trophic resource for small and medium mammals, birds or other species of amphibians
and reptiles.
The species of amphibians and reptiles are mainly sensitive to habitat disturbances. As a result of
reliance on habitat variables, amphibians are considered good indicators of the environmental
health. The skin of amphibians has a high permeability coefficient, absorbing toxic substances from
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water, air and soil. The complex life cycle of amphibians require favorable habitats for oviposition
and for the development of larvae and adults.
For most of the amphibians and reptiles the movement between the habitats is a must. Both groups
performs migrations - in the case of amphibians have been identified two periods of migration:
spring migration, to breeding habitats and autumn migration, to hibernating habitats, while in the
case of reptiles there are often two movement stages, one in summer, when the males disperse into
habitat, and on in autumn, when both sexes crowded near the hibernacula. This means that both for
the amphibians and for the reptiles, quality habitats are necessary (both the transitional and the
residence ones). In addition, almost all species of herpetofauna have a low capacity of dispersion and
often cannot move to alternative habitat when the present one is degraded.
Small mammals play an important role in ecosystems, both by contributing to the diversity of life
and as predators, consuming especially invertebrates, plant material, other mammals, as well as the
as prey for medium and large mammals, birds (especially birds of prey) and snakes. Through this
interaction with other groups of animals, small mammals are influencing the trophic networks and
are controlling the population levels of predators, insects and of host species.
Medium sized carnivores (mezocarnivores) facilitates the flow of nutrients by connecting the
adjacent ecosystems and occupies a unique place in the trophic networks that cannot be occupied by
other animals, such as direct dispersion of seeds or animal consumption that disperse seeds. Also, as
other species of predators, medium size mammals are controlling the population levels of prey
species - small mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds.
Large carnivores represent the peak of the trophic pyramid, being considered key species in
ecosystem functioning and implicitly in maintaining the balance of the ecological communities.
These species play an important role in the ecosystem through the "top-down" type of control that
they have on prey populations over wide territories. Thus the presence of these species indicates
natural habitats with a high ecological value and functional ecosystems.
Large Carnivores provides a series of benefits, and their disappearance could lead to a triggering
chain reaction, for example, due to a decline in populations of wolf / lynx can be seen a dramatic
increase of herbivores, which can cause further disturbance of vegetation, populations of birds and
small mammals.
The birds occupy different levels in the food chain and, like other living organisms, birds contribute
to maintaining sustainable levels of prey populations and of predatory species and, after death,
provide food for scavengers and decomposers. Many birds are important in plants reproduction
through their services as pollinators and seed dispersers, as well as for their contribution to
controlling rodent populations. The birds also provide critical resources to many parasites that are
host-specific. Some bird species are considered key species because their presence (or disappearance
of) in an ecosystem indirectly affects other species.
According to Sekercioglu, 2006, the main ecological functions provided by birds are represented by:

129
Adjusting services: dispersal of seeds (frugivorous species), pollination (nectarivorous species),
pest control (birds which feed on vertebrate and invertebrate species), corpses removal
(scavenger species);
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
Support services: nutrients deposit (aquatic species), "modeling" ecosystem services (species that
digs cavities).
3.4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF SPECIES AND HABITATS OF
COMMUNITY INTEREST
The conservation status of species and habitats of community interest within the Natura 2000 sites
from Danube Delta Region is presented in Table no. 3-11, Table no. 3-12 and Table no. 3-13.
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Table no. 3-11 Conservation status of the habitats of community interest, mentioned in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of the SCIs from Danube Delta
Region
Natura
No.
Habitats
2000
Habitat name
GEO 57/ 2007
crt.
Directive
code
1
1110
Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time
Appendix I
Appendix 2
2
1130
Estuaries
Appendix I
3
1140
Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
Appendix I
Appendix 2
4
1150* Coastal lagoons
Appendix I
Appendix 2
5
1160
Large shallow inlets and bays
Appendix I
Appendix 2
6
1180
Submarine structures made by leaking gases
Appendix I
7
1210
Annual vegetation of drift lines
Appendix I
Appendix 2
8
1310
Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand
Appendix I
Appendix 2
9
1410
Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi)
Appendix I
10
1530* Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
Appendix I
Appendix 2
11
2110
Embryonic shifting dunes
Appendix I
Appendix 2
12
2130* Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (“grey dunes’)
Appendix I
Appendix 2
13
2160
Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides
Appendix I
Appendix 2
14
2190
Humid dune slacks
Appendix I
Appendix 2
15
3130
Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
Appendix I
Appendix 2
16
3140
Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.
Appendix I
Appendix 2
17
3150
Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition — type vegetation
Appendix I
Appendix 2
18
3160
Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds
Appendix I
Appendix 2
19
3260
Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation
Appendix I
Appendix 2
20
3270
Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
Appendix I
Appendix 2
21
40C0* Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets
Appendix I
Appendix 2
22
6120* Xeric sand calcareous grasslands
Appendix I
Appendix 2
23
62C0* Ponto-Sarmatic steppes
Appendix I
Appendix 2
24
6410
Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)
Appendix I
Appendix 2
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25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Natura
2000
code
6420
6430
6440
6510
7210*
8230
8310
91AA*
33
91F0
34
35
36
37
38
39
91I0*
91M0
91X0*
91Y0
92A0
92D0
No.
crt.
Habitat name
Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion
Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels
Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)
Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae
Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii
Caves not open to the public
Eastern white oak woods
Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the
great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)
Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp.
Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak –sessile oak forests
Dobrogean beech forests
Dacian oak & hornbeam forests
Salix alba and Populus alba galleries
Southern riparian galleries and thickets (Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae)
Habitats
Directive
GEO 57/ 2007
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix I
Appendix 2
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Habitats Directive – Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora: Appendix I - Natural habitat types of community
interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation;
GEO 57/ 2007 – Government Emergency Ordinance on the regime of protected natural areas, conservation of natural habitats, of the wild flora and fauna, approved with modifications
and completions by Law no. 49/2011: Appendix 2 - Natural habitat types whose conservation requires the declaration of Special Areas of Conservation.
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Table no. 3-12 Conservation status of the species of community interest, mentioned in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of the SCIs from Danube Delta
Region
No.
Habitats
Bern
Red Book of vertebrates in
Category
Species (Latin)
Species (en)
IUCN
GEO 57/ 2007
Crt.
Directive
Convention
Romania
1
Plant
Agrimonia pilosa
Hairy agrimony
LC
Appendix II
Appendix 3
2
Plant
Aldrovanda vesiculosa
Waterwheel
EN
Appendix II
Appendix I
Appendix 3
3
Plant
Campanula romanica
DD
Appendix II
Appendix 3
4
Plant
Centaurea jankae
VU
Appendix II
Appendix 3
5
Plant
Centaurea pontica
DD
Appendix II
Appendix 3
6
Plant
Echium russicum
LC
Appendix II
Appendix 3
Himantoglossum
7
Plant
DD
Appendix II
caprinum
8
Plant
Iris aphylla ssp. hungarica
DD
Appendix II
Appendix 3
9
Plant
Marsilea quadrifolia
Water Shamrock
LC
Appendix II
Appendix I
Appendix 3
10
Plant
Moehringia jankae
DD
Appendix II
Appendix 3
11
Plant
Potentilla emilii-popii
DD
Appendix II
Appendix 3
12
Invertebrates
Anisus vorticulus
Lesser Ramshorn Snail
DD
Appendix 3, 4A
A
13
Invertebrates
Arytrura musculus
LC
Appendix 3, 4
A
14
Invertebrates
Bolbelasmus unicornis
DD
Appendix 3, 4
Callimorpha
15
Invertebrates
DD
Appendix II
Appendix 3
quadripunctaria
16
Invertebrates
Catopta thrips
DD
Appendix 3, 4A
A
17
Invertebrates
Cerambyx cerdo
Cerambyx Longicorn
VU
Appendix IV
Appendix II
Appendix 3, 4
A
18
Invertebrates
Coenagrion ornatum
Ornate Bluet
LC
Appendix 3, 4
A
19
Invertebrates
Colias myrmidone
EN
Appendix 3, 4
20
Invertebrates
Euphydryas maturna
Scarce Fritillary
DD
Appendix II
Appendix 3
A
21
Invertebrates
Graphoderus bilineatus
VU
Appendix II
Appendix 3, 4
22
Invertebrates
Leptidea morsei
Fenton's Wood White
NT
Appendix 3, 4A
23
Invertebrates
Lucanus cervus
Stag beetle
NT
Appendix III
Appendix 3, 4A
24
Invertebrates
Lycaena dispar
Large Copper
NT
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix 3, 4A
A
25
Invertebrates
Morimus funereus
VU
Appendix 3, 4
-
133
MRDPA
No.
Crt.
26
27
Category
Species (Latin)
Species (en)
IUCN
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Green Gomphid
Hermit Beetle
28
Invertebrates
29
Invertebrates
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Invertebrates
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Amphibians
Amphibians
Ophiogomphus cecilia
Osmoderma eremita
Paracaloptenus
caloptenoides
Pholidoptera
transsylvanica
Theodoxus transversalis
Alosa immaculata
Alosa tanaica
Aspius aspius
Cobitis taenia
Romanogobio albipinatus
Gobio kessleri
Gymnocephalus baloni
Gymnocephalus schraetzer
Misgurnus fossilis
Pelecus cultratus
Rhodeus sericeus amarus
Sabanejewia aurata
Umbra krameri
Zingel streber
Zingel zingel
Bombina bombina
Triturus dobrogicus
48
Reptiles
49
50
Reptiles
Reptiles
134
LC
NT
Habitats
Directive
Appendix II
Bern
Convention
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix 3, 4A
Appendix 3, 4A
Romania
-
-
DD
-
-
Appendix 3, 4A
-
-
DD
-
-
Appendix 3, 4A
-
Striped Nerite
Pontic shad
Azov Shad
Asp
Spined loach
White-finned gudgeon
Kessler's gudgeon
Balon's Ruffe
Striped Ruffe
Weatherfish
Ziege
European bitterling
Golden Spined loach
European Mudminnow
Streber
Zingel
Fire-bellied Toad
Danube Crested Newt
EN
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
NT
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix IV
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix 3, 4A
Appendix 5A
Appendix 5A
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3, 4A
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3, 4A
Appendix 3, 4A
Appendix 3
Four-lined Snake
NT
Appendix II, IV
-
Appendix 3, 4A
European Pond Turtle
Greek tortoise
NT
VU
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II, IV
-
Appendix 3, 4A
Appendix 3, 4A
Vulnerable species
Near Threatened species
Endangered species
Critically Endangered
species
Vulnerable species
Endangered species
Elaphe quatuorlineata
Emys orbicularis
Testudo graeca
GEO 57/ 2007
MRDPA
No.
Crt.
Category
Species (Latin)
Species (en)
IUCN
Habitats
Directive
Bern
Convention
GEO 57/ 2007
51
Reptiles
Vipera ursinii
Meadow Viper
VU
Appendix II, IV
-
Appendix 3, 4A
52
53
54
55
56
Mammmals
Mammmals
Mammmals
Mammmals
Mammmals
Eurasian Otter
Romanian Hamster
Steppe Polecat
European Mink
Harbour Porpoise
NT
NT
LC
CR
LC
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix 3, 4A
Appendix 3, 4A
Appendix 3
Appendix 3, 4A
Appendix 3
57
Mammmals
Lutra lutra
Mesocricetus newtoni
Mustela eversmannii
Mustela lutreola
Phocoena phocoena
Rhinolophus
ferrumequinum
Romania
species
Vulnerable species
Vulnerable species
Vulnerable species
Endangered species
Endangered species
Greater Horseshoe Bat
LC
Appendix II
-
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
58
Mammmals
Sicista subtilis
Southern birch mouse
LC
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II
Appendix 3, 4A
species
59
Mammmals
Spermophilus citellus
VU
Appendix II, IV
Appendix II
Appendix 3, 4A
Vulnerable species
60
Mammmals
Tursiops truncatus
LC
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix 3
Endangered species
61
Mammmals
Vormela peregusna
VU
Appendix II, IV
Appendix III
Appendix 3, 4A
Endangered species
European ground
squirrel
Common Bottlenose
Dolphin
European Marbled
Polecat
IUCN (The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Red list of Threatened Species: DD - Data deficient, LC – Least concern, VU – Vulnerable, NT –
Near Threatened, EN – Endangered, CR – Critically Endangered;
Habitats Directive – Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora: Appendix II - Animal and plant species of
community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation, Appendix IV - Animal and plant species of community interest in need of strict
protection;
Bern Convention- Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats - 19.IX.1979: Appendix I – Strictly protected flora species; Appendix II – Strictly protected
fauna species; Appendix III – Protected fauna species;
GEO 57/ 2007 – Government Emergency Ordinance on the regime of protected natural areas, conservation of natural habitats, of the wild flora and fauna, approved with modifications
and completions by Law no. 49/2011: Appendix 3 - Animal and plant species whose conservation requires the designation of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Bird Protection
Areas; Appendix 4A - Species of community interest. Animal and plant species that require strict protection; Appendix 5 A - Species of community interest. Animal and plant species of
community interest, except bird species, whose removal from nature and exploitation are subject to management measures.
Red Book of vertebrates in Romania, Romanian Academy, „Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, 2005 – the criteria for the classification of species and the degrees of
endangerment are the same as in the IUCN Red List of threatened species.
135
MRDPA
Table no. 3-13 Conservation status of the bird species of community interest, mentioned in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms of the SPAs from Danube
Delta Region
Red Book of
No.
Birds
Species (Latin)
Species (en)
Phenology IUCN
GEO 57/ 2007
vertebrates in
Bern Convention
Bonn Convention
crt
Directive
Romania
Levant
1
Accipiter brevipes
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
Sparrowhawk
Moustached
2
Acrocephalus melanopogon
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix III
Warbler
Common
3
Alcedo atthis
MP, S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Kingfisher
Lesser WhiteCritically Endangered
4
Anser erythropus
Ac
VU
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix III
Appendix II
fronted Goose
species
5
Anthus campestris
Tawny Pipit
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
6
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden Eagle
S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix II
Appendix II
Greater Spotted
7
Aquila clanga
P
VU
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix II
Eagle
species
Eastern Imperial
8
Aquila heliaca
MP
VU
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
Eagle
species
Lesser Spotted
9
Aquila pomarina
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
Eagle
Appendix II
(reproducing
10
Ardea purpurea
Purpule Heron
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix II
populations in the
Western Palearctic)
11
Ardeola ralloides
Squacco Heron
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
12
Asio flammeus
Short-eared Owl
OI
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Ferruginous
13
Aythya nyroca
OV,RI
NT
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix III
Appendix I
Duck
Appendix II
14
Botaurus stellaris
Bittern
OV,RI
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
(Western Palearctic
populations)
Red Brested
15
Branta ruficollis
OI
EN
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix III
Goose
16
Bubo bubo
Eurasian Eagle
S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
-
136
MRDPA
No.
crt
Species (Latin)
Species (en)
17
Burhinus oedicnemus
18
Buteo rufinus
19
Calandrella brachydactyla
20
21
Caprimulgus europaeus
Charadrius alexandrinus
Owl
Eurasian Thickknee
Long legged
Buzzard
Greater Shorttoed Lark
Eurasian Nightjar
Kentish Plover
22
Charadrius morinellus
24
25
26
Chlidonias hybridus
(Chlidonias hybrida)
Chlidonias niger
Ciconia ciconia
Ciconia nigra
27
Circaetus gallicus
28
Circus aeruginosus
29
30
Circus cyaneus
Circus macrourus
31
Circus pygargus
32
33
34
35
Coracias garrulus
Crex crex
Cygnus columbianus
Cygnus cygnus
36
Dendrocopos leucotos
23
137
Phenology IUCN
Birds
Directive
GEO 57/ 2007
Red Book of
vertebrates in
Romania
Bern Convention
Bonn Convention
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix II
Appendix II
P, OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix III
-
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
OV
OV
LC
LC
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Dotterel
OV
LC
Appendix I
-
Appendix III
Appendix II
Whiskered Tern
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
Black Tern
White Stork
Black Stork
Short-toed
Snake-eagle
Western Marshharrier
Northern Harrier
Pallid Harrier
Montagu's
Harrier
European Roller
Corncrake
Tundra Swan
Whooper Swan
White-backed
Woodpecker
OV
OV
OV
LC
LC
LC
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
OV, S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
OI
P, OI
LC
NT
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
OV, P
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix II
Appendix II
OV
OV
OI
OI
NT
LC
LC
LC
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 3
-
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
-
S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
Vulnerable species
species
Vulnerable species
-
MRDPA
No.
crt
Species (Latin)
37
Dendrocopos medius
38
Dendrocopos syriacus
39
Dryocopus martius
40
Casmerodius albus
(Egretta alba)
41
42
Species (en)
Middle Spotted
Woodpecker
Syrian
Woodpecker
Black
woodpecker
Phenology IUCN
Birds
Directive
GEO 57/ 2007
Red Book of
vertebrates in
Romania
Bern Convention
Bonn Convention
S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
Great Egret
OV, RI
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix II
Egretta garzetta
Emberiza hortulana
Little Egret
Ortolan Bunting
OV
OV
LC
LC
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix II
(Western Palearctic
populations)
-
43
Falco cherrug
Saker Falcon
MP
EN
Appendix II
Appendix II
44
45
46
Falco columbarius
Falco naumanni
Falco peregrinus
OI
OV
S, OI
LC
LC
LC
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Endangered species
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
47
Falco vespertinus
OV
NT
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
48
Ficedula albicollis
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
49
Ficedula parva
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
50
Gallinago media
P
NT
Appendix I
-
Appendix II
-
51
Gavia arctica
Merlin
Lesser Kestrel
Peregrine Falcon
Red-footed
Falcon
Collared
Flycatcher
Red-breasted
Flycatcher
Great Snipe
Black-throated
Loon
OI
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
52
Gavia stellata
Red-throated
Loon
OI
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
53
Sterna nilotica
(Gelochelidon nilotica)
Gull-billed Tern
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
138
Appendix 3
species
species
Appendix II
Appendix II
(Western Palearctic
populations)
Appendix II
(Western Eurasia
and Africa
MRDPA
No.
crt
Species (Latin)
Species (en)
Phenology IUCN
Birds
Directive
GEO 57/ 2007
Red Book of
vertebrates in
Romania
Bern Convention
Bonn Convention
populations)
54
Glareola pratincola
55
Grus grus
Common
Pratincole
Common Crane
56
Gyps fulvus
57
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
P
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
Griffon Vulture
Ac
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
Haliaeetus albicilla
White-tailed
Eagle
MP, OI
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix I,
Appendix II
58
Hieraaetus pennatus
(Aquila pennata)
Booted Eagle
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
species
species
species
Appendix II
Appendix II
59
Himantopus himantopus
Black-winged
Stilt
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix III
-
60
Ixobrychus minutus
Little Bittern
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
(Western Palearctic
populations)
61
Lanius collurio
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
62
Lanius minor
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
63
Larus genei
Ac, OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
species
Appendix II
Appendix II
64
Larus melanocephalus
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix II
Appendix II
65
66
67
Larus minutus
Limosa lapponica
Lullula arborea
Luscinia svecica
(Cyanosylvia svecica)
Melanocorypha calandra
Mergus albellus (Mergellus
albellus)
P, OV
Ac
OV
LC
LC
LC
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix III
-
Bluethroat
P, OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
Calandra Lark
MP, S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
Smew
OI
LC
Appendix I
-
Appendix II
-
68
69
70
139
Red-backed
Shrike
Lesser Grey
Shrike
Slender-billed
Gull
Mediterranean
Gull
Little Gull
Bar-tailed Godwit
Wood Lark
Endangered species
Vulnerable species
MRDPA
Birds
Directive
GEO 57/ 2007
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
OV
EN
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Ac
CR
Appendix I
Appendix 3
OV
OV
LC
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Red Book of
vertebrates in
Romania
species
species
species
Vulnerable species
Vulnerable species
OI
EN
Appendix I
Appendix 3
P
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
OV
VU
Appendix I
Appendix 3
OV
LC
Appendix I
OV
LC
OV, RI, S
No.
crt
Species (Latin)
Species (en)
71
Milvus migrans
Black Kite
OV
72
Neophron percnopterus
Egyptian vulture
73
Numenius tenuirostris
74
75
Nycticorax nycticorax
Oenanthe pleschanka
76
Oxyura leucocephala
77
Pandion haliaetus
78
Pelecanus crispus
79
Pelecanus onocrotalus
80
Pernis apivorus
81
Phalacrocorax pygmeus
82
Phalaropus lobatus
83
Philomachus pugnax
84
Picus canus
85
86
Platalea leucorodia
Plegadis falcinellus
87
Pluvialis apricaria
88
Porzana parva
Slender-billed
Curlew
Night Heron
Pied Wheatear
White-headed
Duck
Osprey
Dalmatian
Pelican
Great White
Pelican
European
Honey-buzzard
Pygmy
Cormorant
Red-necked
Phalarope
Ruff
Grey-faced
Woodpecker
Spoonbill
Glossy Ibis
Eurasian Golden
Plover
Little Crake
89
Porzana porzana
Spotted Crake
140
Phenology IUCN
Bern Convention
Bonn Convention
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix III
-
Appendix II
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix II
-
Endangered species
Appendix II
Appendix I
Vulnerable species
species
Appendix II
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix I,
Appendix II
Appendix I,
Appendix II
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
P
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
P
LC
Appendix I
-
Appendix III
Appendix II
S
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
-
OV
OV
LC
LC
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix III
Appendix III
Appendix II
Appendix II
P, RI
LC
Appendix I
Appendix III
Appendix II
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Appendix 3,
Appendix 5E
Appendix 3
Appendix II
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
(Western Palearctic
Endangered species
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
MRDPA
No.
crt
Species (Latin)
Species (en)
Phenology IUCN
Birds
Directive
GEO 57/ 2007
Red Book of
vertebrates in
Romania
Bern Convention
Bonn Convention
populations)
90
Porzana pusilla
91
Puffinus yelkouan
92
Recurvirostra avosetta
Sterna albifrons (Sternula
albifrons)
93
Baillon's Crake
Yelkouan
Shearwater
Pied Avocet
OV, P
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Appendix II
Ac
VU
Appendix I
-
Appendix III
-
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Vulnerable species
Appendix II
Appendix II
Little Tern
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Endangered species
Appendix II
Appendix II
94
Sterna caspia
(Hydroprogne caspia)
Caspian Tern
P
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
95
Sterna hirundo
Common Tern
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Appendix II
Sandwich Tern
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
Barred Warbler
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
96
97
Sterna sandvicensis
(Thalasseus sandvicensis)
Sylvia nisoria
98
Tadorna ferruginea
Ruddy Shelduck
OV
LC
Appendix I
Appendix 3
99
100
Tringa glareola
Xenus cinereus
Wood Sandpiper
Terek Sandpiper
P
Ac
LC
LC
Appendix I
Appendix I
Appendix 3
-
species
species
Appendix II
(Western Eurasia
and Africa
populations)
Appendix II
(Western Palearctic
populations)
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
-
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix II
-
Phenology - Ac – accidentally species; MP – partially migratory; OV – summer guest; OI – winter guest; P – passage species; RI – rare in winter; S – sedentary bird;
IUCN (The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Red list of Threatened Species: LC – Least concern, VU – Vulnerable, NT – Near Threatened, EN – Endangered, CR –
Critically Endangered;
Birds Directive – Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds (codified version of Directive 79/409/EEC as amended):
Appendix I – Bird species subject of special conservation measures concerning their habitat in order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution;
GEO 57/ 2007 – Government Emergency Ordinance on the regime of protected natural areas, conservation of natural habitats, of the wild flora and fauna, approved with modifications and completions by
Law no. 49/2011: Appendix 3 - Animal and plant species whose conservation requires the designation of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Bird Protection Areas; Appendix 5E: Species of community
interest whose trade is allowed under special circumstances;
Red Book of vertebrates in Romania, Romanian Academy, „Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, 2005 – the criteria for the classification of species and the degrees of endangerment are the
same as in the IUCN Red List of threatened species;
Bern Convention- Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats - 19.IX.1979: Appendix II – Strictly protected fauna species; Appendix III – Protected fauna species;
Bonn Convention – The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals: Appendix I – Threatened Migratory Species; Appendix II - Migratory Species requiring international
cooperation.
141
MRDPA
3.5 DATA REGARDING THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF
THE AFFECTED SPECIES POPULATIONS (NUMERICAL
EVOLUTION OF POPULATION WITHIN THE NATURA 2000
SITES, ESTIMATIVE PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION OF THE
SPECIES AFFECTED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DDISDS,
HABITAT SURFACE IS LARGE ENOUGH TO ENSURE THE
SPECIES MAINTENANCE ON LONG-TERM)
Currently, there are no updated information regarding the structure and dynamics of species
populations of the 20 Natura 2000 sites from Danube Delta Region. The only information available
are those concerning the population size of the species of community interest, presented in the
Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms, but they do not present age and sex structure or populations
dynamics, and also gives no information about the location of populations within the site, in this
respect being difficult to determine if the population is affected by the implementation of DDISDS,
given that some sites intersect the implementation area only on small surfaces.
Along with the completion of the studies regarding the inventory, mapping and assessment of the
conservation status of wild fauna and flora of community interest, for which were declared the
Natura 2000 sites, may be obtained updated information concerning the size, structure and
population dynamics of species of community interest (if the project involved that kind of activities).
We consider that, currently, there are not sufficient information to present data on the structure and
dynamics of populations of the species of community interest affected by the implementation of
DDISDS. This information will be analyzed separately for each project/ type of intervention likely
to have a significant impact on Natura 2000 sites, within the appropriate assessment studies.
The boundaries of any Natura 2000 site are conventional boundaries that do not involve the
existence of some geographical or anthropogenic barriers in the field that could prevent the species
movement. This means that the land areas outside the protected natural areas can be just as valuable
as those inside them, in terms of maintaining the conservation status of species, especially when
precisely on this phenomenon (species displacement) depends the ensuring of population
connectivity or providing food resources (e.g. for species with high mobility, such as mammals and
birds, they may use different habitats existing both inside the Natura 2000 site and outside the site,
and can often be present even in strongly anthropogenic habitats).
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3.6 STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS THAT
CREATE AND MAINTAIN THE INTEGRITY OF THE NATURAL
PROTECTED AREAS OF COMMUNITY INTEREST
The Danube Delta is a complex of aquatic ecosystems, alongside with whom are encountered also
forest, coastal, anthropogenic ecosystems etc. In Danube Delta, the most important role is played by
the water brought by the Danube. The conditions for the development of the aquatic and terrestrial
vegetation are favored through the silt brought and deposited, due to the decreased flow rate. This
complex of habitats, created with the direct or indirect contribution of Danube River, represents
favorable habitats for carrying out various activities (breeding, feeding or resting) for the
invertebrate species, fish, amphibians and reptiles, mammals, bats or birds.
The inner area of the Danube Delta Region is characterized by steppe meadows, isolated forest
bodies and agricultural crops. For the Natura 2000 sites: ROSPA0009 Beştepe-Mahmudia,
ROSPA0019 Cheile Dobrogei, ROSPA0032 Deniz Tepe, ROSPA0073 Măcin-Niculiţel and
ROSPA0100 Stepa Casimcea, localized in the continental zone, the main component that provides
structural and functional integrity is the grassland. Grassland habitats are used by small species of
birds as feeding and nesting habitats (on land or isolated trees, in underground galleries or
anthropogenic structures). The birds of prey use the grassland mainly for hunting or recreation, but
for some species, the inaccessible grasslands (due to topography) can be used also as nesting
habitats. Most birds of prey prefer the forests and human structures, located in the vicinity of open
habitats, used for feeding, as a nesting habitat. In this area, along with the SPAs, are localized also a
series of SCIs: ROSCI0060 Dealurile Agighiolului, ROSCI0067 Deniz Tepe, ROSCI0123 Munţii
Măcinului, ROSCI0201 Podişul Nord Dobrogean, some of them being overlapped with the SPAs.
The habitats present within the SCIs, through the floristic species diversity, provide a constant
supply of food (and also breeding and resting habitats) for some species of small mammals (Sicista
subtilis, Spermophilus citellus, Mesocricetus newtoni), bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), as well as for the
mammalian predators of small or medium size (Vormela peregusna, Lutra lutra, Mustela eversmannii,
Mustela lutreola). Dobrudja's herpetofauna is characterized by the presence of reptile species that were
able to adapt to dry conditions (Testudo graeca, Vipera ursinii, Elaphe quatuorlineata). The small
mammals represents a source of food for some species of reptiles (Vipera ursinii, Elaphe
quatuorlineata), and in a similar manner these are hunted by small or medium carnivores.
For those sites for which the main component that provides structural and functional integrity is the
water (lakes, canals, flood plains, etc.) the species diversity is often higher than in other sites, due to
the presence of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and bird species in greater numbers. These sites
(ROSPA0031 Delta Dunării şi Complexul Razim-Sinoe, ROSPA0040 Dunărea Veche-Braţul Măcin,
ROSPA0052 Lacul Beibugeac, ROSPA0060 Lacurile Taşaul-Corbu and ROSPA0121 Lacul Brateş)
are especially important for the birds that nest in the reeds, on the lakes surface, in floodplains or in
the trees adjacent to the aquatic habitats. At the same time, due to the high diversity of species, these
habitats represents nesting habitats for ichthyophagous, insectivorous, omnivorous or omnivore
birds, while due to reduced accessibility offer vast territories for resting.
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The relatively high diversity of aquatic habitats allowed also a strong growth of the fauna, with
numerous species of invertebrates, fish, amphibians and reptiles, mammals and birds. The aquatic
habitats of the Danube Delta are among the richest, at national level, in terms of number of species,
while between these species a number of relationships (predator-prey, symbiosis, parasitism etc.)
have developed relationships that helps maintain the numerical balance between species, populations
and groups of fauna.
3.7 THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES OF THE NATURA 2000
SITES, WHERE WERE ESTABLISHED THROUGH
MANAGEMENT PLANS
For most of the Natura 2000 sites potentially affected by the projects/ types of interventions
proposed in the DDISDS, the elaboration of the Management Plans is not yet complete. The studies
regarding the inventorying, mapping and assessment of the conservation status of wild fauna and
flora of community interest, based on which the Management Plans will be achieved, have been
completed or are ongoing, following that at the end of 2015, all the Natura 2000 sites for which the
studies were funded through the Environmental Sectoral Operational Programme to have
Management Plans, finalized and approved by the central authority for environmental protection.
The only Management Plan approved is „Planul de management integrat al Parcului Naţional Munţii
Măcinului, ariei de protecţie specială avifaunistică ROSPA0073 Măcin-Niculiţel şi sitului de importanţă
comunitară ROSCI0123 Munţii Măcinului”27. According to this integrated Management Plan for Măcin
Mountains National Park (MMNP), ROSPA0073 and ROSCI0123, seven management objectives
were established:
conservation and protection of biodiversity and landscape elements;
promotion of tourism and recreation in line with the objectives of preserving the natural
heritage;
prohibition of human activities impacting the environment, that are not in the interests of
human communities within the protected area and its proximity and that are not using
traditional techniques or new technologies with reduced environmental impact;
supporting the scientific research activities and environmental monitoring, which do not
harm the protected elements;
promoting and encouraging the educational activities for the local population, tourists and
general public;
promoting the ecological restoration activities in areas where the ecological balance has been
affected;
27
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MRDPA
informing the public and local communities about the economic, cultural and spiritual
aspects of the conservation activities from MMNP, ROSCI0123 and ROSPA0073.
These 7 management objectives will be operationalized through specific actions in the Action Plan
proposed to be realized in the next 5 years.
It may be considered that, in accordance with the main objective of Natura 2000 european network
„to maintain and, where necessary, to restore the favorable conservation status of the species and
habitats of community interest, for which have been designated the Natura 2000 sites”, as well as
with the requirements of national legislation in force, in all the potentially affected sites, the
conservation objectives will be formulated in order to ensure a favorable conservation status for the
maintenance of the habitats and species subject to the protection for each site and to ensure the
integrity of the site (by maintaining coherence of its ecological structure and functions).
3.8 DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
CURRENT
STATE
OF
CONSERVATION OF THE NATURA 2000 SITES, INCLUDING
EVOLUTIONS/ CHANGES THAT MAY OCCUR IN THE
FUTURE
Description of the current state of conservation of the protected natural areas of community interest
was achieved by describing the conservation status of species of flora and fauna of community
interest, as well as of the habitats of community interest, present in the Natura 2000 sites from
Danube Delta Region, according to the information contained in the Natura 2000 Standard Data
Forms28.
Due to the large number of species of flora and fauna and habitats present in the 8 SCIs and 12
SPAa, we have chosen to present the conservation status graphically for each category, and
structured on Natura 2000 sites.
The conservation status of the habitats of community interest was analyzed according to the parameters
described in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms for the 8 SCIs and in the Order 207/ 2006
regarding the approval of the Natura 2000 Standard Data Form and its completion manual:
representativity, relative surface, conservation status and overall assessment of the site value in terms
of conserving the concerned natural habitat type. A brief overview of the conservation status in each
Natura 2000 site is shown in Figure no. 3-23.
Of the 8 sites of community importance which overlaps with the study area it is noted ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării, which records the highest values for all 4 parameters. Thus, in what concern the
degree of representativity of the habitat type within the site, out of the 29 habitats listed in the
Natura 2000 Standard Data Form of ROSCI0065, 15 have an excellent representativity, 12 have a
good representativity and only 2 have a significant representativity. None of the habitats of
28
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Representativity
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
no. of habitats
no. of habitats
community interest within this site have an insignificant representativity. In what concern the
relative surface (the report between the surface covered by a particular habitat at national level and
that covered by the same habitat at the site level), for ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării, 17 habitats have a
share between 15 and 100%, 4 habitats between 2 and 15% and only 8 have a share of less than 2%.
Through this analysis we can assume that the habitats within this site are unique or almost unique in
the country, their largest surface being found within this site. The importance of the Natura 2000
habitats from ROSCI0065 Delta is strengthened also by the fact that the degree of conservation of
the structures and functions of the natural habitat types and the possibilities of recovery /
reconstruction are classified as excellent for 13 of the habitats of community importance and good
for 16 of them. The overall assessment of the site value in terms of conserving the natural habitats,
reveals that 13 of the total of 29 habitats, representing 44%, have an excellent value, 14 (representing
48%) have a good value and only 2 have a considerable value (representing 6.8%).
Bună
Semnificativă
100 >/= p > 15%
Nesemnificativă
Conservation status
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
no. of habitats
no. of habitats
Excelentă
Excelentă
Bună
Medie sar redusă
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Valoare excelentă
Relative surface
15 >/= p > 2%
2 >/= p > 0%
Overall assessment
Valoare bună
Valoare considerabilă
Figure no. 3-23 Conservation status of the habitats of community interest within the 8 SCIs
The conservation status of species of flora and fauna of community interest was analyzed according to the
parameters described in the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms for the 8 SCIs and in the Order no.
207/ 2006 regarding the approval of the Natura 2000 Standard Data Form and its completion
manual: population, conservation, isolation and overall assessment. Within the 8 SCIs are listed 61
species of flora and fauna of community interest: 11 species of plants, 19 species of invertebrates, 15
species of fish, 6 species of amphibians and reptiles and 10 species of mammals (including one bat
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species). Figure no. 3-24 gives a concise overview of the conservation status of species of flora and
fauna of community interest within the 8 SCIs.
It is noted also a Natura 2000 site, through the presence of large populations of the species
compared with their nationwide populations. Thus, ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării hosts populations
greater than 15% of the national total, for 23 species, more than double than ROSCI0201 Podişul
Nord Dobrogean, which hosts populations greater than 15% of the national total, for only 10
species. Also, ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării stands out also through the conservation status of the
habitats important for the species of community interest, habitats that are in an excellent
conservation status for 8 species and good for 30 of them. As regards the degree of isolation of the
populations of species of community interest towards the normal range spreading of the species, it is
noted that 5 of the sites have such (almost) isolated populations of some species of community
interest. Among the species whose populations were assessed as (almost) isolated in at least 2 of the
Natura 2000 sites, we mention: Sicista subtilis, Mesocricetus newtoni, Elaphe quatuorlineata, Moehringia
jankae and Campanula romanica. The overall assessment of the site value for the conservation of the
species of community interest, reveals that for the most of the sites predominate a good value,
considerable value being found only for 2 species from 2 distinct Natura 2000 sites (Campanula
romanica - ROSCI0060 Dealurile Agighiolului and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum - ROSCI0123 Munţii
Măcinului). The excellent value of the overall assessment was found in 5 of the Natura 2000 sites,
from which ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării, ROSCI0123 Munţii Măcinului and ROSCI0201 Podişul
Nord Doborgean, provides excellent features of the site for about 25% of species (considered
relevant for them).
Population
Conservation
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
no. of species
no. of species
25
20
15
10
5
0
100 >/= p > 15%
15 >/= p > 2%
2 >/= p > 0%
Nesemnificativă
147
Excelentă
Bună
Medie sar redusă
MRDPA
Isolation
no. of speies
30
25
20
15
Overall assessment
30
no. of species
25
20
15
10
5
0
10
5
0
Populaţie (aproape) izolată
Populaţie neizolată, dar la limita ariei de distribuţie
Populaţie neizolată, cu o arie de răspândire extinsă
Excellent value
Good value
Considerable value
Figure no. 3-24 Conservation status of flora and fauna species of community interest within the 8
SCIs
The conservation status of the bird species of community interest from the 12 SPAs is presented in Figure no.
3-25. The conservation status of the bird species of community interest is presented separately for
each of the 4 parameters used within the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms and detailed in the
Order no. 207/ 2006 regarding the approval of the Natura 2000 Standard Data Form content and its
completion manual: population, conservation, isolation and overall assessment of the site value for
the conservation of the concerned species.
In ROSPA0031 Delta Dunării şi Complexul Razim-Sinoie are found the most species of birds
whose population represents more than 15% of the national population, respectively 43 species. In
other words, for 43 species of birds, this site is one of the few places in the country where they nest,
feed or transit during the passage. Other 2 sites that are showing this feature are ROSPA0076 Marea
Neagră (for 10 species) and ROSPA0091 Pădurea Babadag (for 2 species). Also, ROSPA0031 Delta
Dunării şi Complexul Razin-Sinoie stands out also through the conservation status of the habitats
important for the bird species of community interest, habitats that are in an excellent conservation
status for 4 species and good for 71 of them. Other sites presenting an excellent conservation status
for some of the bird species are: ROSPA0009 Beştepe – Mahmudia, ROSPA0019 Cheile Dobrogei
and ROSPA0040 Dunărea Veche - Braţul Măcin (for over 25% of the bird species of community
interest in each site) and ROSPA0032 Deniz Tepe (for over 50% of the bird species of community
interest in each site). As regards the degree of isolation of the populations of bird species of
community interest towards the normal range spreading of the species, it is noted that 3 of the sites
have such (almost) isolated populations of some bird species of community interest: ROSPA0031
Delta Dunării şi Complexul Razim – Sinoie, ROSPA0073 Măcin – Niculiţel and ROSPA0076 Marea
Neagră. The species whose populations were assessed as (almost) isolated in the Natura 2000 sites,
are: Aquila clanga, Falco naumanni, Pelecanus onocrotalus, Falco cherrug and Puffinus yelkouan. In terms of the
overall assessment of the site, out of the 12 SPAs, stands out ROSPA0031 Delta Dunării şi
Complexul Razin-Sinoie, who has an excellent conservation value for 21 bird species and a good
value for 31 species out of the 89 bird species of community interest present within the site.
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Population
no. of bird species
100 >/= p > 15%
15 >/= p > 2%
2 >/= p > 0%
Insignificant
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
no. of bird species
no. of bird species
no. of bird species
50
40
30
20
10
0
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
40
30
20
10
0
Conservation
Excellent
Good
Medium or reduced
Isolation
(almost) isolated population
unisolated population, but at
the limits of the distribution
range
unisolated population with an
extensive distribution range
Overall assessment
Excellent value
Good value
Considerable value
Figure no. 3-25 Conservation status of the bird species of community interest within the 12 SPAs
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In Table no. 3-14, Table no. 3-15 and Table no. 3-16 are summarized all Natura 2000 habitat types
(unique mentions), Natura 2000 species of flora and fauna (unique mentions), respectively Natura
2000 bird species (unique mentions), present in the Natura 2000 sites from Danube Delta Region,
according to the parameters used to assess their conservation status within the sites, being easily to
observe the number of sites that hosts a particular type of habitat, respectively a certain species, with
a certain value of the mentioned parameters.
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Table no. 3-14 Number of SCIs that hosts the habitats of community interest from the study area and the parameters used to assess their conservation status
within the sites, according to the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms
Habitat
code
1110
1130
1140
1160
1210
1310
1410
2110
2160
2190
3130
3140
3150
3160
3260
3270
6410
6420
6430
6440
6510
8230
8310
1150*
1530*
2130*
151
Representativity
A
B
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
-
C
1
2
-
A
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
Relative surface
B
2
2
1
1
-
C
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
-
Conservation status
A
B
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
-
C
1
-
Overall assessment
A
B
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
-
C
1
2
-
MRDPA
Habitat
code
40C0*
6120*
62C0*
7210*
91AA
91F0
91I0*
91M0
91X0
91Y0
92A0
92D0
Total
A
1
1
5
3
2
1
2
2
3
31
Representativity
B
1
1
1
1
2
1
35
C
3
1
1
8
A
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
29
Relative surface
B
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
16
C
3
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
29
Conservation status
A
B
5
1
1
5
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
16
57
C
1
Overall assessment
A
B
2
1
2
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
21
45
C
3
1
1
8
Representativity (measure how "typical" is a certain habitat): A – excellent representativity, B – good representativity, C – significant representativity;
Relative surface (the site surface covered by the natural habitat reported at the surface covered by the same habitat at national level): A: p>15 %; B: p>2 %; C: p>0 %;
Conservation status (the degree of conservation of the structures and functions of the natural habitat type, as well as the possibilities for restoration / reconstruction): A –
excellent conservation, B – good conservation, C – medium or reduced conservation;
Overall assessment (the overall assessment of the site value in terms of conserving the concerned natural habitat type): A – excellent value; B – good value, C – considerable
value.
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Table no. 3-15 Number of SCIs that hosts flora and fauna species of community interest from the study area and the parameters used to assess their
conservation status within the sites, according to the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms
Species name
Agrimonia pilosa
Aldrovanda vesiculosa
Alosa immaculata
Alosa tanaica
Anisus vorticulus
Arytrura musculus
Aspius aspius
Bombina bombina
Callimorpha quadripunctaria
Campanula romanica
Catopta thrips
Centaurea jankae
Centaurea pontica
Cerambyx cerdo
Cobitis taenia
Coenagrion ornatum
Colias myrmidone
Echium russicum
Emys orbicularis
Euphydryas maturna
Gobio albipinnatus
Gobio kessleri
153
A
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
Population
B
C
1
D
A
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Conservation
B
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
1
C
A
Isolation
B
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
C
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
3
2
1
Overall assessment
A
B
C
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
MRDPA
Species name
Himantoglossum caprinum
Iris aphylla ssp. hungarica
Leptidea morsei
Lucanus cervus
Lutra lutra
Lycaena dispar
Misgurnus fossilis
Moehringia jankae
Morimus funereus
Mustela eversmannii
Mustela lutreola
Ophiogomphus cecilia
Osmoderma eremita
Paracaloptenus caloptenoides
Pelecus cultratus
Phocoena phocoena
Pholidoptera transsylvanica
Potentilla emilii-popii
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Sabanejewia aurata
Sicista subtilis
Testudo graeca
154
A
1
1
Population
B
C
2
1
1
D
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
4
3
Conservation
B
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
A
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
5
4
C
1
A
Isolation
B
1
2
C
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
3
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
Overall assessment
A
B
C
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
3
2
2
6
1
1
2
2
4
1
1
2
2
5
3
1
MRDPA
Species name
Theodoxus transversalis
Triturus dobrogicus
Tursiops truncatus
Umbra krameri
Vipera ursinii
Vormela peregusna
Zingel streber
Zingel zingel
Total
A
1
1
1
1
1
41
Population
B
C
1
1
1
1
1
1
39
1
2
2
39
D
A
1
1
4
18
Conservation
B
1
3
1
1
C
A
Isolation
B
1
3
C
1
1
1
2
3
3
98
3
16
3
1
1
23
2
2
80
Overall assessment
A
B
C
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
22
94
2
Population (size and density of the specie's population from the site in relation to the populations present within the national territory): A - 100>p>15 %; B - 15>p>2 %; C - 2>p>0 %; D
– insignificant population;
Conservation (the degree of conservation of the habitat's features that are important for the species concerned and the possibilities for restoration): A – excellent conservation, B – good
conservation, C – medium or reduced conservation;
Isolation (the degree of isolation of the population present on the site towards the normal range of specie's distribution): A – almost isolated population, B - unisolated population, but at
the limits of the distribution range, C - unisolated population with an extensive distribution range;
Overall assessment (the overall assessment of the site value in terms of conserving the concerned species): A – excellent value; B – good value, C – considerable value.
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Table no. 3-16 Number of SPAs that hosts bird species of community interest from the study area and the parameters used to assess their conservation status
within the sites, according to the Natura 2000 Standard Data Forms
Species name
Accipiter brevipes
Alcedo atthis
Anser erythropus
Anthus campestris
Aquila chrysaetos
Aquila clanga
Aquila heliaca
Aquila pomarina
Ardea purpurea
Ardeola ralloides
Asio flammeus
Aythya nyroca
Botaurus stellaris
Branta ruficollis
Bubo bubo
Burhinus oedicnemus
Buteo rufinus
Charadrius alexandrinus
Charadrius morinellus
Chlidonias hybridus
Chlidonias niger
Ciconia ciconia
156
A
1
1
1
1
Population
B
C
3
4
1
8
1
3
7
D
2
2
1
1
1
1
A
7
1
5
2
2
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
8
5
4
1
1
1
4
2
5
2
1
1
1
5
5
3
3
3
6
2
1
2
3
3
5
1
2
1
2
Conservation
B
1
1
1
3
3
5
7
2
1
1
3
1
8
2
8
5
2
2
4
1
5
4
8
C
A
Isolation
B
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
C
7
1
2
1
8
4
5
8
2
2
1
3
1
7
5
8
7
7
6
4
1
5
4
8
Overall assessment
A
B
C
3
5
1
2
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
4
6
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
5
4
6
6
6
2
4
1
1
2
1
3
1
5
1
6
3
2
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Species name
Ciconia nigra
Circaetus gallicus
Circus aeruginosus
Circus cyaneus
Circus macrourus
Circus pygargus
Coracias garrulus
Crex crex
Cygnus columbianus bewickii
Cygnus cygnus
Dendrocopos medius
Dryocopus martius
Egretta alba
Egretta garzetta
Emberiza hortulana
Falco cherrug
Falco columbarius
Falco naumanni
Falco peregrinus
Falco vespertinus
Ficedula albicollis
Ficedula parva
Gallinago media
Gavia arctica
Gavia stellata
157
A
1
Population
B
C
2
5
3
4
7
2
7
7
1
2
6
4
4
D
A
2
1
4
4
5
Conservation
B
7
3
8
9
8
4
3
C
A
Isolation
B
4
C
7
3
8
9
8
8
8
Overall assessment
B
C
7
4
2
1
4
4
6
3
1
6
1
2
4
2
8
A
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
5
2
4
2
1
1
4
3
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
10
4
1
1
3
1
3
1
2
3
2
2
6
3
1
3
10
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
3
2
2
4
2
4
5
3
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
7
2
1
3
11
2
1
7
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
5
5
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
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Species name
Gelochelidon nilotica
Glareola pratincola
Grus grus
Gyps fulvus
Hieraaetus pennatus
Ixobrychus minutus
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Larus genei
Larus minutus
Limosa lapponica
Lullula arborea
Luscinia svecica
Mergus albellus
Milvus migrans
Neophron percnopterus
Numenius tenuirostris
Nycticorax nycticorax
Oenanthe pleschanka
Oxyura leucocephala
Pandion haliaetus
Pelecanus crispus
Pelecanus onocrotalus
158
A
2
1
1
1
1
1
Population
B
C
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
5
5
1
2
1
5
1
1
2
D
A
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
8
4
1
5
1
2
1
7
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
2
1
1
2
2
4
3
7
3
1
2
5
1
1
Conservation
B
2
2
1
4
7
2
3
1
4
2
2
3
4
1
2
2
3
2
1
2
2
2
3
5
6
C
A
1
Isolation
B
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
1
7
C
3
2
1
A
4
6
4
3
1
4
2
2
4
1
3
5
1
7
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
4
4
1
2
2
Overall assessment
B
C
2
1
2
1
3
4
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
4
2
1
7
1
1
3
3
3
2
1
1
5
1
2
2
6
1
1
2
2
1
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Species name
Pernis apivorus
Phalaropus lobatus
Philomachus pugnax
Picus canus
Platalea leucorodia
Plegadis falcinellus
Pluvialis apricaria
Porzana parva
Porzana porzana
Porzana pusilla
Puffinus yelkouan
Sterna albifrons
Sterna caspia
Sterna hirundo
Sterna sandvicensis
Sylvia nisoria
Tadorna ferruginea
Tringa glareola
Xenus cinereus
Total
A
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
Population
B
C
4
1
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
56
100
2
1
2
206
D
2
3
A
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
93
70
Conservation
B
4
1
2
1
2
4
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
4
2
4
2
1
2
1
1
274
C
A
1
1
Isolation
B
1
1
1
1
1
1
18
5
C
4
2
2
2
2
4
2
1
1
1
1
39
4
4
2
4
2
2
2
2
1
318
Overall assessment
B
C
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
4
2
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
50
231
81
A
Population (size and density of the specie's population from the site in relation to the populations present within the national territory): A - 100>p>15 %; B - 15>p>2 %; C - 2>p>0 %; D
– insignificant population;
Conservation (the degree of conservation of the habitat's features that are important for the species concerned and the possibilities for restoration): A – excellent conservation, B – good
conservation, C – medium or reduced conservation;
Isolation (the degree of isolation of the population present on the site towards the normal range of specie's distribution): A – almost isolated population, B - unisolated population, but at
the limits of the distribution range, C - unisolated population with an extensive distribution range;
Overall assessment (the overall assessment of the site value in terms of conserving the concerned species): A – excellent value; B – good value, C – considerable value.
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4 IDENTIFICATION
ASSESSMENT
4.1
AND
IMPACT
IDENTIFICATION OF CURRENT THREATS, PRESSURES AND
ACTIVITIES WITH IMPACT ON NATURA 2000 SITES IN THE
DANUBE DELTA REGION
4.1.1 Informations extracted from Natura 2000 Standard Data
Forms
In order to identify current threats, pressures and activities exerted on Natura 2000 sites that are
present in the study area, we consulted the database available on the website of the European
Environment Agency (EEA - http://www.eea.europa.eu/data- and-maps / data / nature-5) on
protected natural areas that are included in the Natura 2000 ecological network (SCI and SPA),
designated at national level, including the protected components within them. Where the
information regarding the forms of actual impact on Natura 2000 sites that are present in the
Danube Delta region were missing, they were completed with the ones under section 4.3 of the
Natura 2000 factsheets, updated in accordance with Decision 2011/484/EU concerning a site
information format for Natura 2000 sites and published on the MEWF website on 17 February
2015. In the case of ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării, no information was found on major threats,
pressures and activities with impact in the site, nor in the EEA database or in the Natura 2000
factsheets, and in the case of ROSPA0009 Beştepe – Mahmudia, the EEA database lists a series of
activities, but without a clear indication of their occurrence or intensity, and in the site factsheet
these information are missing.
Figure no. 4-1 illustrates the main threats, pressures and activities with impact inside SCIs from the
Danube Delta region and their share based on the intensity of their impact. The site with the most
numerous types of threats, pressures or activities is ROSCI0201 Podişul Nord Dobrogean, most of
them manifested with a low intensity. The sites where threats, pressures and activities with a high
intensity are present (excluding ROSCI0065 Delta Dunării where data is not present) are:
ROSCI0012 Braţul Măcin, ROSCI0066 Delta Dunării - zona marină and ROSCI0105 Lunca Joasă a
Prutului, due mainly to grazing, eutrophication, and polder creation and silting.
Figure no. 4-2 presents the main threats, pressures and activities with impact in the vicinity of SCIs
from the Danube Delta region, and their share based on the intensity of their impact. Threats,
pressures and activities with impact in the vicinity of SCIs occur only in the case of 4 sites:
ROSCI0060 Dealurile Agighiolului, ROSCI0066 Delta Dunării - zona marină, ROSCI0067 Deniz
Tepe şi ROSCI0123 Munţii Măcinului. None of these threats, pressures or activities occur with a
high impact. The main threats that manifest with medium impact are: hunting, eutrophication and
pollution of surface waters (first in ROSCI0060, and the next two in ROSCI0066).
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Figure no. 4-3 illustrates the main threats, pressures and activities with impact within SPAs in the
Danube Delta region, and their share based on the intensity of their impact. The only site (except
ROSPA0009 for which no data is available) without manifested threats, pressures and activities with
impact is ROSPA0032 Deniz Tepe. Threats, pressures and activities with high intensity are present
in six SPAs: ROSPA0019 Cheile Dobrogei, ROSPA0031 Delta Dunarii si Complexul Razim –
Sinoie, ROSPA0060 Lacul Taşăul - Corbu, ROSPA0076 Marea Neagră, ROSPA0091 Pădurea
Babadag, ROSPA0100 Stepa Casimcea, due to the presence of roads and highways; grazing; outdoor
sports and recreation; hunting; littering; capturing, poisoning, poaching; sand and gravel pits;
discharges; urban areas, human presence; transport corridors; collection and removal of terrestrial
animals; port areas; use of hormones and chemicals in agriculture.
Figure no. 4-4 presents the main threats, pressures and activities with impact in the vicinity of SPAs
in the Danube Delta region, and their share based on the intensity of their impact. In the case of
ROSPA0073 Măcin – Niculiţel and ROSPA0091 Pădurea Babadag (except ROSPA0009 for which
no data is available) no threats, pressures and activities with impact sites are present in the vicinity.
Threats, pressures and activities with high impact occur in the vicinity of 7 SPAs, except
ROSPA0052 Lacul Beibugeac, in whose neighborhood low impact activities are manifested
(fertilization and littering) and ROSPA0100 Stepa Casimcea, in whose neighborhood activities
impact (urbanized areas and human presence) are manifested. Threats, pressures or high impact
activities that manifest in the vicinity of 7 SPAs are generated due to the presence of: sand and
gravel pits; grazing; other industrial / commercial areas; exploration or extraction of oil and gas;
changes in cultivation practices; passive professional fishing; outdoor sports and recreation; use of
hormones and chemicals in agriculture; industrial / commercial areas; fire and fire suppression;
cultivation; soil pollution and waste (excluding discharges); livestock; overhead lines for electricity
and telephone; erosion; military maneuvers; sport and recreation structures; urban areas, human
presence. The site where the most numerous types of threats, pressures or activities are present is
ROSPA0031 Delta Dunării şi Complexul Razim - Sinoie, most of these manifesting with a high
intensity.
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Figure no. 4-1 Main threats, pressures or activities with impact within SCIs from the Danube Delta Region and their share based on the intensity of their
impacts
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Figure no. 4-2 Main threats, pressures or activities with impact in the vicinity of SCIs from the Danube Delta Region and their share based on the intensity
of their impacts
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Figure no. 4-3 Main threats, pressures or activities with impact within SPAs from the Danube Delta Region and their share based on the intensity of their
impacts
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Figure no. 4-4 Main threats, pressures or activities with impact in the vicinity of SPAs from the Danube Delta Region and their share based on the intensity
of their impacts
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4.1.2 Additional considerations
Transport of sediments loaded with pollutants from upstream Danube to downstream in
Delta
A delicate subject for the Danube Delta has always been the impact of the activities from the
upstream Danube, through the sediments loaded with pollutants that arrive within the Delta region
as well as in the Black Sea.
Along the time, several studies have investigated the impacts of this phenomenon on the Black Sea.
A relevant study in this regard is represented by “Mările sud-europene: evaluarea şi modelarea
schimbărilor ecosistemice (Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem changes SESAME)”, conducted over a period of 48 months (2006-2010), one of the aspects addressed
between 2006 – 2007 being also the impact of liquid, solid and associated with pollutants (with
accent on nutrients) flow rates of the Danube on the north western side of the Black Sea. Were
tracked also the effects of pollutants on the characteristic ecosystems.
In what concern the solid flow rate introduced by Danube into the Black Sea, according to the
measurements performed by INCD GEOECOMAR and compared with the results obtained along
the time by other research institutes (example INMH), is about 25,088,292 tons/ year, the share on
the arms being as follows: Chilia – 67.7 %, Sulina – 17.2 % and Sf. Gheorghe – 15.1 %. According
to the same study, this intake of alluviums has decreased gradually, from 58,413,118 tons/ year
(average for the period 1858-1900) up to 25,088,292 tons/ year (average for. the period 1981-1989).
From the quantities of the alluviums carried by the Danube to the Black Sea, 8.7 % represents the
flow dragged (sands with a diameter> 0.1 mm) which, under the wind action, penetrate the marine
circuit, taking part to the morphological processes. The calculation of the amounts of nutrients
discharged annualy by the Danube river into the Black Sea was of 1.76 x 106 t (93.6% NO3, 2.7%
NO2 and 2.4% P-PO4), which represents 99.525% of the total contribution of nutrients from the
entire coastal areas into the sea. The following amounts (kilotonnes/ year) were calculated based on
the average values of some characteristic parameters and of the multiannual liquid flow of the
Danube (6050 m3.s-1): phytoplankton – 286,189, zooplankton – 6,212, suspended solids – 3,221.673,
NO3 – 1,062.334, PO4 – 23,057, Cu - 1,355, Ni – 0,359, Fe - 117,624, Mn – 8,443, I – 2,601,
detergents – 3,116.
According to INCD GEOECOMAR, romanian partner within the project, among the main effects
of the anthropogenic impact on the north western side of the Black Sea basin, are: the significantly
reduction of water retention and flood mitigation capacity; reduction of the solid flow rate carried by
Danube and the increase of the coastal erosion rate; 30 % reduction of the wetland surfaces actively
involved within the retention and release of the nutrients and a very significant discharged of
nutrients into the north west of the Black Sea.
A well developed study regarding the effects of the toxic pollutants (heavy metals) on the Lower
Danube system is “Ecotoxicology of the heavy metals in Danube floodplain”, elaborated by Virgil
Iordache, 2009. The study area is represented more precisely by the Small Island of Brăila, which is a
group of islands under the natural flood regime (of which the most important are Ostrovul Popa
and Ostrovul Fundu Mare), which is part, in its turn, from the Lower Danube system, a regional
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complex of ecosystems (Cristofor, 1992, Vădineanu , Cristofor şi Iordache, 2001). Among the main
conclusions of this research report, conducted over a period of 7 years, in collaboration with several
specialized institutions from Romaniain, is mentioned that Small Island of Brăila plays a significant
role in the biogeochemical circuits of the heavy metals in the Lower Danube system, mainly due to
the intervention of flooding water filtration. Small Island of Brăila represents an “access gate” of
Danube Delta, a real filter for the pesticides and alluviums carried by the river from the entire
European basin, which still benefits of natural self-regulating mechanisms.
„Water quality of the Danube River and his impact on the Danube Delta and the Black Sea” is
another study that analyzes the water quality at the entire Danube River, along the time, the specific
problems facing the downstream sector of the Danube River, as well as the main problems facing
the Danube Delta and the Black Sea. Among the main specific problems facing the downstream
sector of the Danube River, are mentioned:
Nutrient pollution. Romania is among the countries located downstream to Danube,
alongside Bulgaria, Moldavia and Ukraine, countries that are confronted with the nutrient
pollution, exported from the upstream Danube countries: in the case of nitrogen, the mean
contribution of the downstream countries is about 23.4%, compared with the upstream
countries, which is about 76.6 %, while for phosphorous the mean contribution of the
downstream countries is about 28.5 %, compared with the “import” of pollution from the
upstream countries which is about 71.5 %. The nutrient concentration/ load entering in the
Danube Delta and the Black Sea decreased in the year 1994 in comparison with the year
1988, with the following values: regarding the concentrations, 27 % for nitrogen and 65 %
for phosphorous, and regarding loads, 39 % for nitrogen and 66 % for phosphorous. This
decreases mentioned above doesn’t reflect only the water quality protection measures, taken
in the last period of time, but also show the declining of the industrial activities and of the
quantities of fertilisers applied in agriculture in the transition countries from the Eastern
Europe;
Pollution with non-biodegradable organic substances. These organic non-biodegradable
substances can’t be “filtered” by the Danube Delta and it represent an import from the
upstream countries. The general time trend of the concentration of the organic substance,
evaluated firstly as COD-Cr, is the diminishing, both in the upstream countries and in
Romania. Within the study was confirmed the hypothesis that the Danube transports
towards the downstream sector a load of heavy degradable chemical substances, “imported”
from the upstream sector to the Danube Delta and to the Black Sea, without representative
local contributions;
Pollution with heavy metals. Excepting the control sections S5 and S6 (Mohacs-Bezdan and
Banatska-Palanka-Bazias), which presents a significant “export” of Cd, Pb, Hg and Cr
towards the downstream countries, it occurred relatively reduced concentrations of heavy
metals transported from the upstream countries;
Associated sediment pollution. The sediments from the Iron Gate reservoir present an
important pollution due to the upstream industrial discharges with heavy metals and other
chemical substances. The heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr) constitutes the most
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representative accumulation of pollutants in sediments at concentrations of 1.76 (Pb) till 3.05
(Hg) times greater than the concentrations recorded in the Rhine Delta.
In what concerns the main problems facing the Danube Delta and the Black Sea, the
eutrophication is the most delicate of all, as a result of the use of fertilisers in the Danube basin.
Thus, according to the same study, the Danube River transported 49.300 tonnes of phosphorus
and 500.000 tonnes of nitrogen in the year 1989, quantity which is ten times greater in
comparison with the year 1960 in the case of nitrogen and 3.5 times greater in the case of
phosphorus. Despite the fact that in the year 2003 this impact declined to 392.000 tonnes of
nitrogen/ year and about 19.000 tonnes of phosphorus/ year, the “pressure” of the Danube on
the downstream sector still remains at high level.
The eutrophication, as a result of the high loads of nutrients, contributed to drastic changes and
to global perturbations of the natural balances of the ecosystems. Thus, the first algal blooming
occurred in the year 1975. After this date, as a direct consequence of the accentuation of the
human activity, this process repeated with a different amplitude and frequency, so, that until the
year 1992, it has been founded an increase of phytoplankton concentration, while after 1992, this
process diminished, as a result of declining of nutrients load transported by the Danube. Also in
the case of Black Sea, as a result of the increase of the nutrients load discharged, in parallel
occurred an induced development of other species.
The evolution of the water quality of the Danube River shows a slight improvement in the last
decades, mainly because of to the declining of the industrial activities (decrease of the
application of mineral fertilizers, closure of large animal farms etc.) in the former communist
countries from the Eastern Europe, situated in the middle and lower sector of Danube. The
improvement is caused by reduced nutrient inputs by Danube River. The transported
phosphorus loads were reduced to about 50 % as compared to the situation around 1990.
Danube wetlands play a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity in the Danube basin, acting as
natural filters for nutrients and toxic substances, providing sediment and erosion control, flood
protection, maintaining surface and groundwater resources. They also contribute to the climate
stability, their diverse habitats offering support to a wide variety of species. In order to restore
these wetlands along the Lower Danube, in June 2000, the Environment Ministers of Bulgaria,
Romania, Ukraine and Moldova signed a declaration to establish the Lower Danube Green
Corridor (LDGC), committing themselves to create a corridor of protected, restored and
sustainable-managed wetlands along the Lower Danube.
The important function of the wetlands within the retention of nutrients and toxic substances
process is also highlighted in two other articles:
„The Danube river in the lower sector in two hidrologycal hypostases – high and low
waters”, by Petre Gâştescu and Elena Ţuchiu, mentioned that the biochemical (ecotonal)
function of Danube floodplain results from hydrological function through maintaining
the balance in the carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus cycle, nutrients recycling, retention of
toxic substances (pesticides, heavy metals due to the biofilter role of alluvium), and
transformation of organic pollutants in inorganic compounds. The decreasing of
ecotonal space along the Danube River is leading to pollutants concentration increasing
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in the Danube Delta and in the coastal and marine waters, having as main consequences,
in terms of ecological aspects, the modification of habitats, biodiversity and genetic
assets, while in terms of topoclimatic and socioeconomic aspects, the reduction the fish
reproductive potential, hunting animals and obvious of renewable resources valorisation;
„The Function of Wetlands” presents the “natural biofilter” quality of the Danube
Delta. Thus, one of the most important functions of the delta for the Black Sea is its
ability to absorb significant quantities of pollutants. The main ways in which this is
achieved are:
 absorption of pollutants on particles of organic substances - this process is carried
out on particles of silt or detritus. In this area each kilogram of dry weight of the
bottom sediments contains on average two grammes of oil;
 the destruction of pollutants as a result of the functional activity of hydrobionts. The
microorganisms are the most active in this process (68%). The annual volume of
organic matter destroyed by hydrobionts makes up about 1.5 millions tons;
 absorption of pollutants by higher water plants. About 93-99% of the total absorbed
pollutants from the Danube accumulate in reedbeds.
Within the second article, the delta functions are compared with those of the kidneys, respectively
the filtering capacity in the body. The clearance rate for the main nutrients causing eutrophication in
the Danube Delta is 39.7 kg per minute for nitrates and 49.6 kg per minute for phosphates. The
functional productivity of the delta higher plants can be estimated over an annual period as: nitrates
- 59,100 tons, phosphates - 20,500 tons, heavy metals - 23,300 tons and about 100 kg pesticides. The
intensity of absorption of pollution in the Danube Delta is 13 times higher than in the Dniester and
16 times higher than in the Dnieper.
Besides the fact that Delta faces the problem of intake of pollutants as a result of the activities
carried out upstream of the Danube, the changes that have occurred over time in the Danube Delta
have led to its diminishing capacity of self-purification.
According to the study „Delta Dunării - Una dintre “perlele naturii” din Europa”, performed by
WWF, a real threatened for the Danube Delta is represented by the modifications occurred both
upstream (nutrients retention, increased pollution) and downstream of the delta, among the most
important, and their effects, being as follow:
expanding the network of artificial canals inside the delta (from 1910 to 1990, its length
doubled, today being of approx. 3,400 km). The new channels created for transport, as
Crişan-Caraorman and Mila 35 channel, changed the ecological balance of the delta
ecosystems, altering the natural water circulation and dramatically influencing erosion and
sedimentation processes;
the wetlands have been converted into farmland and fishponds, which caused a significant
decline in the delta fisheries, the rich nutrient silt being directly routed to the Black Sea,
through the newly created artificial channels, thereby contributing to the eutrophication
process;
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2
in 1990s, one quarter of the Danube Delta (974 km ) was dammed, including 400 km2 for
agricultural purposes;
Tulcea-Sulina arm (81 km) was regularized on its entire length, the former meanders and side
arms being disconnected from the natural system. The length of the arm was reduced from
85 to 62 km, and the wide navigable channel of 80 meters must be constantly dredged to
ensure the depth of 7.3 m;
in the 1960s they were cut also the meanders of the southern arm of St. George (109 km),
which is not navigable, thus losing about 50 km of its length;
in the coastline Razim-Sinoe 23,500 hectares were dammed, the separation of the main
course from the floodplain having as main effect the loss of some valuable habitats, which
affected both flora and fauna from the area.
An earlier study, „Environmental problems of the Danube Delta”, 1993, presents the roots of the
decline of the complex and varied ecosystems of the Danube Delta, from the past few decades,
represented by the four primary causes: high nutrient loads in the Danube River as it enters the
delta; hydrologic changes in the Danube River – primarily the elimination of the river’s floodplain;
hydrologic changes within the delta resulting from engineering works such as drainage programs,
dikes, impoundments and channel dredging; and nutrient and pesticide loading from agricultural
activities inside the delta. Along with the increasing process of contamination of the Danube, the
hydrological modifications along the river’s course have compromised its capacity for selfpurification. Within the Romanian part of the river, embankments built between 1963 and 1967
reduced floodplain by 290.000 hectares, which corresponds to a loss of 4,3 cubic kilometres of
water-retention capacity. As a result, the Danube has lost a portion of its capacity to retain nutrients
and heavy metals locally, thus being carried in the river to the delta.
The importance of wetlands restoration is highlighted also within this article. The researches realized
along time have shown that drained wetlands in the delta are probably the major cause of both its
inability to handle nutrient loads and its declining fisheries.
During the last period of time, a series of projects aimed to restoring natural habitats have been and
are still implemented in the Danube Delta region (including wetlands, former abandoned polders,
reforestation along the channels etc.), projects that are sustained also through the types on
interventions/ projects proposed within the different sectors of the DDISDS (Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Management, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Agriculture and Rural Development etc.).
Climate change
This subject was treated as a distinct section in the Environmental Report (section 7.2.5),
respectively the impact of climate change on various sectors of activity (agriculture, fisheries,
forestry etc.), the way how this is understood by the people from the Danube Delta region and from
the institutional actors, as well as the types of interventions/ projects proposed within the DDISDS
addressing the needs of mitigation and adaptation to climate change on the one hand, and those that
have the potential to help the increase/ decrease of CO2 emissions, on the other hand. In the
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following lines we tried to highlight the main effects that climate change currently have on the
biodiversity in the Danube Delta, as well as future trends.
WWF elaborated within the synthesis report „Vulnerability of the Danube Delta region to climate
change”, 2012, aiming Romania, Ukraine and Moldova, scenarious concerning the impact of climate
change on various environmental and socio-economic factors. In what regards the potential changes
as results of climate change, in the Danube Delta and the coastal area of the Black Sea, are
mentioned the following prognosis:
Coastal erosion: the climate change predicted, especially the rise of the sea levels will increase
the coastal erosion. The salt sea water will intrude further upstream into the Danube river
and wetlands suppressing freshwater fauna and flora;
Eutrophication: the frequency of algal blooming will increase because of hypoxia, low water
table and high temperature;
Physical damage to habitats: the risk of larger scale damage to biotopes will increase due to
more intense flash floods, wildfires, storms etc;
Loss of biodiversity and mosaic wetlands: changes in the vegetation structure and
distribution will continue to persist (example: forest species started to dry (Alnus glutinosa),
while in aquatic vegetation certain species, more adapted to the new conditions, and
dominate the lake). If no hydro land reclaiming works are started, this process will intensify
even more. Degradation of biodiversity which commenced in the 80’s will be ongoing;
Disappearing rare species on floodplains: for example, badgers and European mink are very
rare in this area. The red list of DDBR contains a number of 382 species, of which more
than 40% are critically endangered species. Changing in the condition of the wetland will
lead to species disappearing;
Declining ground water and plant diversity at sand dunes and ridges: in the Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve were identified 128 alien plant species (Doroftei & Covaliov, 2009). Most
affected are natural floodplain forest, meadows and beach sand dunes.
In the same study, are presented the current situations and the forecasts in the context of climate
change for the following key issues and topics:
 Reeds: change in dominant communities; increase in fire frequencies; longer growing season
and salt water intrusion;
 Fauna species: phenology and lifecycle; invasive species.
For Romania, Ukraine and Moldova, it was elaborated a „Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and
Action Plan for Danube Delta region”. Within the Action Plan for adaptation to climate change, in
the case of natural systems, respectively ecosystems are proposed the following measures:
 Preparatory measures:

Scientific research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems;
 Preventive measures:
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
Include climate refugia and biodiversity migration corridors in the protected areas;

Modify the management plans and monitoring programmes for the transboundary
biosphere reserve according to new climate pattern.
 Reactive measures:

Restore degraded lands (including floodplains);

Manage invasive species.
As well, the main conclusions of the study „Danube Delta habitats versus climate change”,
elaborated by Doroftei and Mierlă, 2012, states that climate changes lead to modifications in the
composition, intensity and frequency of particular environmental elements, which determines
increasing hazard towards extremely rare or even inexistent phenomena for a specific area, fact that
determines an increasing risk (by increasing hazard on one hand and by increasing vulnerability of
one or more elements). Thus, in this way may be explained the high vulnerability of habitats to
invasive plant species. The main pressures on habitats within strictly protected areas for Danube
Delta have been identified, directly related to climate change, these pressures influencing directly
approximately 60% of habitats.
The effects of climate change are mostly intensified by the anthropogenic factor, which plays the
role of amplification factor for processes and phenomena. A map of vulnerability towards flooding
of the habitats within DDBR was realized and the analysis of the reversed map revealed that most of
habitats are vulnerable towards drought, this being characteristic to aquatic and wet lands which
represent an overwhelming proportion within the entire territory of DDBR.
The presence of even less than 30% of DDBR surface of unprotected habitats (habitats which are
not classified according to Habitat Directive such as agricultural arrangements, fishing arrangements,
plantations etc.) induces the presence of a potential disturbance factor within the reserve regarding
the natural balance between various elements (biotic and abiotic) of each habitat. This fact is also
reinforced by the „property” of the human factor to intensify the effects of climate changes.
The types of interventions/ projects proposed by DDISDS, within the several sectors (Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Management, Agriculture and Rural Development, Fisheries and Aquaculture etc.),
addressed some of the measures proposed in the Action Plan for climate change adaptation for the
Danube Delta region, mentioned above, and are among the actions that are necessary to prevent the
achievement of the forecasts made about the potential changes that will occur in the Danube Delta
as a result of climate change (eg. the achieving of the hydro works for floodplain recovery).
4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL FORMS OF IMPACTS OF
DDISDS
In order to quantify the potential forms of impacts of the types of interventions of DDISDS on
Natura 2000 components, the first step was to identify the types of interventions which are likely to
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generate pressures, the biodiversity components which can be affected during the phases of the
projects implementation and the types of impact generated.
The potential forms of impacts identified are:
Habitat loss – irreversible loss of the habitats of community interest / surfaces of habitats used
for needs of food, rest and reproduction of the species of community interest (by constructions
or similar activities);
Habitat alteration - reversible loss of the habitats of community interest / surfaces of habitats
used for needs of food, rest and reproduction of the species of community interest (pollution,
changes in water regime etc.);
Habitat fragmentation - fragmentation of the habitats of community interest / surfaces of
habitats used for needs of food, rest and reproduction of the species of community interest
(limiting dispersion/ mobility/ barrier effect);
Disturbance – disturbance of the activities of the species of community interest (induced by
human presence, noise etc.);
Mortality – road victims or injuries as a result of species of community interest collisions with
road vehicles or other structures (e.g. aerial electrical lines);
Habitat enhancement (including the enhancement of the management of the species and
habitats conservation measures) – improvement of structure and functioning of the habitats of
community interest / surfaces of habitats used for needs of food, rest and reproduction of the
species of community interest as a result of the types of interventions implemented (we
considered here also the interventions that aim to improve the managerial performance and
decisions related to species and habitats conservation management).
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Number of potential impacts
Birds
Amphibians & reptiles
Invertebrates
Mammals
Natura 2000 habitats
Fish
Plants
-80
Habitat loss
Disturbance
-60
-40
-20
Habitat alteration
Mortality
0
20
40
Habitat fragmentation
Habitat enhancement
Figure no. 4-5 and Figure no. 4-6 show the number and the share of potential impacts (habitat loss,
habitat alteration, habitat fragmentation, disturbance, mortality, habitat enhancement) for each
Natura 2000 species group and habitats.
The largest share belongs to habitat enhancement (35%), followed by habitat alteration (24%),
habitat loss (14%), disturbance (14%), mortality (9%) and habitat fragementation (4%). The shares
of potential negative impacts sum up to 65%, compared to only 35% of the potential positive
impacts.
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Number of potential impacts
Birds
Amphibians & reptiles
Invertebrates
Mammals
Natura 2000 habitats
Fish
Plants
-80
-60
Habitat loss
Disturbance
-40
-20
0
Habitat alteration
Mortality
20
40
Habitat enhancement
Figure no. 4-5 Number of potential impacts (negative values indicates potential negative impacts)
Habitat loss
14%
Habitat
enhancement
35%
Habitat alteration
24%
Mortality
9%
Disturbance
14%
Habitat
fragmentation
4%
Figure no. 4-6 Percentage of each type of impact
In Table no. 4-1 are presented all the identified potential forms of impact of the types on
interventions/ projects of DDISDS on the community interest components in the Danube Delta
Region.
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Table no. 4-1 Preliminary analysis of the potential forms of impact of the types of interventions / projects of DDISDS on the community interest components in the Danube Delta Region
Taxonomic group
Code
Types of interventions/
projects
Habitats/ vegetations
HL
I.1
I.2
I.3
I.4
176
Development
and
implementation of
measures to reduce
waste in natural
areas.
Border demarcation
and
signage
of
strictly
protected
areas and buffer
areas, sport fishing
areas,
touristic
routes,
camping,
parking areas, etc.
and
development
and implementation
of a monitoring and
information system,
incl. technology such
as motion-activated
cameras,
watchtowers, etc.
Improve evidencebased management
by developing and
implementing
a
modern/efficient
monitoring system
and predictive model
for
sedimentation
dynamics in the
Danube Delta
An
in-depth
institutional analysis
(functional review)
of DDBRA and the
associated
administrative
reforms with the aim
of improving its
managerial
performances, and
the
legislative
framework
governing
the
management
of
DDBR area to allow
local residents to
become
active
participants
in
guarding
and
managing the natural
resource. Capacity
building
measures
HA
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
Amphibians and reptiles
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Mammals (including bats)
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
HA
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
for the communities
and DDBRA.
I.5
I.6
I.7
I.8
177
Equipment
and
operating costs for
physical
interventions
to
restore natural water
circulation and key
habitat areas.
Restoration
of
ecological systems
and natural habitat
within the “Natura
2000” network for
species of European
conservation
concern,
together
with development of
an
integrated
monitoring system
covering the whole
DD area (including
cross-border areas),
supporting evidencebased
decision
making
and
community
participation.
Studies and TA for
biodiversity
conservation
and
restoration
of
ecosystems
and
natural
habitats
within
“Natura
2000”
network
affected
by
anthropic impacts.
Identify additional
poldered
areas
eligible for ecological
restoration. This will
include
feasibility
studies and technical
projects for the
restoration of natural
habitats affected by
non-ecological
activities
in
agricultural, fishery
and forestry polders
- integral or partial
ecological
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
I.9
I.10
I.11
I.12
I.13
I.14
I.15
178
restoration works
Natural
capital
accounting studies to
determine
the
highest value uses of
land and natural
resources
for
optimal
management.
Reforestation
of
areas where the
natural
forest
vegetation
has
disappeared or been
degraded.
Investments
to
support local action
to reduce nitrate
pollution of the
waterways
from
agricultural
and
livestock
rearing
activities.
Development of an
International Center
of Advanced Studies
Danube – Danube
Delta – Black Sea for
biodiversity
preservation
Integrated
pest
management
–
develop
and
implement
an
integrated
pest
management strategy
for mosquitoes.
Integrated
reed
management
strategy.
Promoting the use
of renewable energy
sources. Investments
in pilot projects
promoting the use of
renewable
energy
sources (wind, solar
energy, heat pumps,
biomass,
microhydro etc.) and nonpollutant
technologies,
including
the
development
and
x
HA
x
HF
x
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
I.16
I.17
I.18
I.19
I.20
I.21
179
projects
introduction
of
environmentally
friendly propulsion
systems in the Delta.
Improving
the
energy efficiency of
public
buildings
(schools, hospitals,
administrative
buildings, etc.)
Extending
and
improving
the
energy efficiency of
public lighting
Support
for
improving
energy
efficiency
of
households
Create
a
CC
partnership
platform, including a
community-driven
climate adaptation
fund targeted at low
income families; a
micro grant or loan
mechanism
to
support SMEs; and a
partnership facility
to promote private public collaboration
for
innovative
climate actions.
Designate a unit with
a clear mandate to
address
climate
change issues, with a
small number of
dedicated
and
knowledgeable staff,
and
capable
of
working
crosssector.
Develop clear and
easy to use local
guidelines
for
climate change and
energy
efficiency
programs.
HL
HA
x
x
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
x
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
I.22
I.23
I.24
I.25
I.26
I.27
I.28
I.29
180
projects
Provision of special
machinery
and
equipment
for
interventions by IES
and SMURD in
disaster situations
Works
for
protection
against
floods in fourteen
(14)
towns/communes.
Modernization,
rehabilitation
and
construction
of
Inspectorate
for
Emergency
Situations
(IES)
infrastructure
facilities
in
TULCEA + Macin
+ Crişan + Babadag
+ Topolog
Create and maintain
an inter-institutional
risk factor database
Complete coherent
and comprehensive
pollution emergency
response
and
prevention
plans,
covering both water
and land, and both
mobile and fixed
sources of pollution
Create an interinstitutional
Pollution Emergency
Response Team
Purchase
of
equipment to enable
the first response
team to quickly
access
pollution
incident sites in the
Core Delta
Create and maintain
an inter-institutional
environmental
liability data-base for
data sharing and
better coordination
across agencies
HL
HA
HF
x
x
x
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
x
x
x
x
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
x
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
x
x
x
x
Fish
M
x
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
x
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
x
x
x
x
M
x
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
x
HE
HL
HA
x
x
HF
D
M
x
x
x
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
x
HE
HL
HA
x
x
HF
D
M
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
x
HE
x
x
I.2
6
Birds
HL
HA
x
x
HF
D
M
x
x
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
x
HE
x
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
I.2
6
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
I.30
I.31
I.32
I.33
I.34
I.35
I.36
I.37
I.38
I.39
I.40
181
projects
Development
and
Installation
of
Visitor
Infrastructure
Institutionalization
of a Danube Delta
Destination
Management
Organization
(DMO)
Design
and
implementation of a
destination-wide
program for product
and
attraction
development
Support mechanism
for innovative and
sustainable naturebased
tourism
MSMEs & social
tourism enterprises
for
green
local
economy
A
region-wide
program
for
beautification
of
settlements
Program
for
improved quality of
accommodation
facilities and services
Cultural
heritage
interventions
(rehabilitation,
preservation, etc.)
Development of a
destination
interpretation
(learning) program.
Develop and roll out
program
for
emergency and first
aid for tourism
workers,
service
providers
Develop
a
specialized tourism
research observatory
Reduce
sedimentation
in
major lakes with the
installation of stop
locks
HL
HA
x
x
x
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
x
x
x
x
x
Fish
M
HE
HF
HL
HA
D
x
x
x
x
x
M
HE
HL
HA
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
HF
D
x
x
x
M
HE
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
I.41
I.42
I.43
I.44
I.45
I.46
I.47
I.48
I.49
I.50
I.51
182
Dredge major lakes
to restore water
depth
Support transition
from commercial to
recreational fishing
(Improve
ecotourism venues
to accommodate the
needs of recreational
fishers; Promote and
provide training in
sustainable
(catch-and-release
fishing etc.)
Support
artificial
reproduction
of
valuable species like
pike and zander and
construct
simple
landing facilities in
places of fisher
concentrations
HA
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
x
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
x
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
x
HE
HL
x
x
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
x
x
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
x
x
x
x
x
x
Strengthen analytical
capacity at DDNRI
Improve
fisheries
research
and
development
activities in research
institutes,
public
institutions
and
fishermen
associations.
Improve
Aquaculture
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
HE
x
x
x
M
x
x
Regulate or eliminate
uncontrolled
fish
camping
Consider some tax
incentives, like the
elimination of the
water tax
Improve
fisheries
data collection and
analysis
Replace or modify
cherhana
based
system
D
x
x
Improve fish habitat
HF
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
I.52
I.53
I.54
I.55
I.56
I.57
I.58
183
Support small scale
fish
processing.
Diversify home and
village level fish
processing
by
introducing
small
scale canning units
(for Gibel carp and
other low value fish
like
roach
and
bream) and improve
smoking
systems
(small
electric
smokers); mainly to
produce delicacies to
visiting tourists.
Modernization
of
facilities
for
collection
/
processing
/
marketing
of
agricultural produce
Modernization
of
rural infrastructure
(water,
sanitation,
roads, schools, etc)
HA
HF
HE
x
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
x
HL
HA
x
HF
Fish
D
M
x
x
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
x
HF
D
M
x
x
HE
HL
HA
x
HF
D
M
x
x
Birds
HE
HL
HA
x
HF
D
M
x
x
HE
Jobs creation
Protection
and
improvement
of
natural
resources
(soil, water)
Completion of land
restitution and land
book registration for
land/farms
consolidation
Support
for
environmentfriendly agricultural
activities
within
Natura 2000 sites
I.59
Enlarge the access to
vocational education
for agriculture
I.60
Modernization
of
quality
control
systems
for
agricultural products
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
I.61
I.62
I.63
I.64
I.65
I.66
I.67
I.68
I.69
I.70
I.71
I.72
I.73
I.74
I.75
184
Improved
information on local
and
European
financing, including
projects preparation
Improvement
of
Advisory/consulting
and training activity
for farmers / rural
labor
Fostering
organic
farming activities
Take-up of farming
activities by young
generations
Modernization/
rehabilitation
of
irrigation
infrastructure
Consolidation and
modernization
of
small farms
Creation of small
businesses outside
agriculture
Modernization
of
technical
endowment of farms
Bottom-up initiatives
for
local
development
Afforestation
of
agricultural and nonagricultural land in
the Danube Delta
region
Conservation
of
local patrimony and
traditions (including
handicrafts)
Release of land
through concessions
by Tulcea County
Council
Exit of old farmers
and transfer of assets
Foster establishment
of
producer
groups/organization
s
Stimulate creation of
short supply chains
for the benefit of
HA
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
Invertebrates
HF
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
x
x
x
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
x
x
x
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
x
x
x
x
Birds
HE
HL
?
?
?
HF
?
?
x
?
?
?
?
?
?
x
?
?
?
?
?
?
x
x
x
x
?
?
?
?
?
?
D
M
x
x
x
?
?
?
?
?
?
HE
x
x
x
?
HA
x
x
x
?
HL
x
x
?
HE
Fish
x
?
?
?
?
?
?
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
HA
HF
x
x
x
I.23
I.23
I.23
x
x
x
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
x
x
x
I.23
I.23
I.23
x
x
x
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
I.23
I.23
I.23
tourism activities
I.76
I.77
I.78
I.79
I.80
I.81
I.82
I.83
I.84
I.85
185
Support
branding/certificatio
n of agricultural
products and their
marketing
on
international markets
Provide incentives to
maintain agricultural
activities in core
Delta
Support
rehabilitation
of
flood
protection
infrastructure
Enable participation
of
farmers
and
processors to risk
management tools
Educational
infrastructure
upgrade (especially
for primary and
secondary education)
Modernization
of
national road DN 22
Constanța - Tulcea Macin – Braila,
including
the
construction of a
bridge over Danube
at Brăila
Modernization
of
County
Road
DJ229E, Section I
and II, NICULITEL
–
ZEBIL
–
SARICHIOI
Modernization
of
County
Road
DJ222N, Tulcea –
Pardina - Chilia
Veche
Modernization
of
County
Road
DJ226:Tronson
DN22B-CorbuSăcele-IstriaMihaiViteazu
Modernization
of
Tulcea,
Sulina,
Macin,
Isaccea,
Mahmudia
and
x
I.23
x
I.23
I.23
I.23
x
x
I.23
I.23
I.23
x
x
x
I.23
I.23
I.23
x
x
I.23
I.23
x
I.23
I.23
x
I.23
I.23
I.23
I.23
I.23
x
x
x
x
x
I.23
x
x
I.23
I.23
I.23
I.23
I.23
x
x
x
x
x
I.23
x
I.23
I.23
I.23
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
HA
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Chilia ports
I.86
Development
and
modernization
of
airport infrastructure
I.87
Modernization of
county
roads
(regional transport
infrastructure):
DJ222B
BaiaCeamurlia de Sus;
DJ222
VisinaCeamurlia de Sus;
DJ 223A Enisala –
Babadag – Slava
Rusă, km 54+72438+798;
route Cetatea Histria
- DN22/ Tariverde.
I.88
Rehabilitation and
modernization of the
Sulina Channel
I.89
Internet / ultra-fast
internet for green
tourism
I.90
Improvement of egovernment services
and local public
monitoring systems
I.91
Support of ICT for
businesses through
e-portal and grant
facility
I.92
Formulating
and
implementing open
data policies
I.93
I.94
I.95
186
Increasing vertical
integration of ICT
innovation solutions
in
the
local
economy.
Increasing
private
investments in RDI
and encouraging the
demand for RDI.
Increasing
knowledge,
technology and staff
transfer with RDI
skills by means of
partnerships
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
HE
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
I.96
I.97
I.98
I.99
I.10
0
I.10
1
I.10
2
I.10
3
187
between private and
research
environment.
Increasing
the
excellence
of
scientific basis as
engine
for
innovation,
by
developing
RD
infrastructure.
Increasing
the
involvement in EU
level research by
unlocking
the
excellence potential
in RDI, such as
within
the
framework program
Horizon 2020 and
by attracting talents
and advanced skills
to the RDI national
system.
Developing
ITC
infrastructure
and
systems and digital
skills to support
education,
health,
online culture and
digital inclusion
Water and sanitation
- Projects in areas
with
>
2000
Population
equivalent
Water and sanitation
- Projects in areas
with
<
2000
Population
equivalent
Collection
of
Floating Waste in
River Channels
Investments in WM
Systems
for
Handling Separated
Waste
(waste
separation at source,
collection,
sorting
and transportation
facilities).
Public education and
awareness program
on
waste
HA
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
I.10
4
I.10
5
I.10
6
I.10
7
I.10
8
I.10
9
I.11
0
I.11
1
188
management
Composting bins for
rural households to
process
the
biodegradable waste
Investments
in
treatment
and
disposal facilities for
construction
and
demolition waste
Recovering
waste
collected
from
households
and
economic agents
Consolidate
the
response capacity of
Public
Health
Directorate (PHD)
by designing and
implementing
an
environmental health
surveillance system
Rehabilitation/
modernization
of
facilities, and IT
equipment
Modernization and
equipment,
and
organize a functional
building block at
Tulcea Emergency
Hospital (including
for
integrated
ambulatory
department), and for
Macin Hospital
Rehabilitation
/transformation of
TB
pavilion
at
Tulcea Emergency
Hospital to a social
accommodation
center
(residential
care shelter)
Create
public
ambulatory centers
by
rehabilitating
closed
hospital
buildings in Babadag
and Sulina
HA
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
I.11
2
I.11
3
I.11
4
I.11
5
I.11
6
I.11
7
I.11
8
189
HA
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
Ensure
interoperability
of
medical information
systems at health
care
level
(telemedicine and ehealth)
Reforms to increase
cost-effectiveness of
sector governance/
management
(hospital
payment
mechanism
to
incentivize
public
ambulatory, family
doctor,
and
telemedicine
systems)
Information,
education
and
communication
campaigns
on
healthy and hygienic
environment
Ambulances
for
emergency care and
rehabilitation
civil
works
Provide area specific
training for medical
professionals
Increase
the
prevalence of health
programs focused on
prevention
and
screening
Provision
of
relevant, accessible
and
incentivized
LLL programmes in
sustainable tourism,
agriculture
and
fishery
in
Community Centers
for
Permanent
Learning
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
I.11
9
I.12
0
I.12
1
I.12
2
I.12
3
190
Creating
an
Education
&
Training
Network
for students living in
remote areas or with
less
than
2000
population
to
provide access to
primary and lower
secondary
quality
education for all
Provide support for
creating
VET
schools that are
relevant, attractive
and inclusive, and
which produce a
workforce
with
knowledge & skills
of
international
standard
and
relevance to the
global demands of
the
nature-based
tourism
and
market
Enhance
kindergartens
and
nursery
services
through
development,
support,
rehabilitation
and
provision
of
equipment
to
increase access to
early
childhood
education and care
(ECEC)
Bring Early school
leavers
back
to
school
through
school after school
and second chance
programs
Create partnerships
between employers,
E&T providers and
research bodies to
ensure
better
performance
of
education system in
addressing
labor
HA
HF
HE
x
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
x
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
x
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
x
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Birds
HL
HA
HF
HE
HL
HA
HF
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
market needs
I.12
4
I.12
5
I.12
6
I.12
7
I.12
8
I.12
9
I.13
0
I.13
1
I.13
2
I.13
3
191
Develop
early
childhood (0-6 years)
institutional
infrastructure
in
communities
with
high share of Roma
Scaling up school
mediators in schools
with high percentage
of Roma
Implementing
community grants
for
educational
intervention
Facilitate
regularization
of
property rights
Other
social
protection
interventions
SME subsidies for
job placement for
NEETs in relevant
fields
Improve
digital
literacy among the
Roma
and
vulnerable groups
Increase the access
to as well as the
efficiency of social
service provision
Strengthening local
administrative
capacity for strategic
planning
and
budgeting, decision
making,
human
resource
management
and
monitoring
and
evaluation
Identification,
development
and
implementation of
measures to increase
transparency,
inclusiveness, ethics
and integrity, and
reduce corruption in
public
authorities
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Code
projects
HL
I.13
4
I.13
5
192
HA
HF
HE
Plants
HL
HA
HF
Invertebrates
HE
HL
HA
HF
D
Fish
M
HE
HL
HA
x
x
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
x
x
HF
D
M
HE
HL
HA
x
x
HF
D
M
Birds
HE
HL
HA
x
x
HF
D
and institutions
Technical Assistance
(TA)
for
ITI
program
management
Revise regulations to
improve the design
of
household
subsidies to improve
affordability
of
services, and a more
efficient
targeting
and use of financial
and natural resources
I.13
6
Improving
access
and
quality
of
services provided by
the judicial system
I.13
7
Actions intended to
ensure
the
coordination
between the public
institutions dealing
with
the
conservation
of
biodiversity and the
ecological
reconstruction of the
Danube Delta
I.13
8
The
development
and implementation
of online services
I.13
9
HL
HA
HF
D
M
HE*
Urban
Renewal
x
x
x
x
x
Interventions
Habitat loss
Habitat alteration
Disturbance
Mortality
Habitat enhancement (including management of conservation enhancement)
x
x
x
M
HE
MRDPA
4.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
4.3.1 Impact significance assessment methodology
The proposed assessment methodology is consistent with legislative requirements, methodological
guidelines and best practice recommendations. The principle of the method is to consider the size of
the potential effects as being caused by two main parameters:
1. The magnitude of changes proposed by the projects / types of interventions.
2. Sensitivity of the potentially affected areas.
Table no. 4-2 Matrix used to assess the significance of the potential effects of the DDISDS
implementation
Magnitude
High
Moderate
Low
Low
Moderate
High
No
negative
negative
negative
positive
positive
positive
changes
Sensitivity
magnitude magnitude magnitude
magnitude magnitude magnitude
Very high
-3
-3
-2
0
+2
+3
+3
High
-3
-3
-2
0
+2
+3
+3
Moderate
-3
-2
-1
0
+1
+2
+3
Low
-2
-2
-1
0
+1
+2
+2
Without
-1
-1
-1
0
+1
+1
+1
sensitivity
Where,
Color code
Impact significance
Significant negative impact
Moderate negative impact
Low negative impact
No effect can be identified (!
It doesn’t necessarily mean
that they don’t exist)
Low positive impact
Moderate positive impact
Significant positive impact
Necessary measures
Requires alternative solutions or compensation measures
Requires important avoiding and mitigation measures
Requires punctual avoiding and mitigation measures
Any measure that may lead to the extension/multiplication of
the effects
Using a matrix (Table. No 4-2) to evaluate the effects of the implementation of plan/ programme/
strategy has 3 major advantages:
 Represents a guarantee of using a uniform measure for assessing the effects for any of the
projects / types of interventions of the strategy and any analyzed biodiversity component;
 It is an effective tool for communicating the results of the assessment with both specialists
and the general public;
 It can easily use the results of spatial analyzes on the location and size of impacts.
Of course that the proposed matrix presents a number of limitations, the most important of which
are the following:
193
MRDPA

The magnitude of a project / type of intervention cannot always be assessed so exactly to be
classified in one of the classes of magnitude. To avoid this difficulty a precautionary
approach is used: classifying in a higher class;

Scoring (assigning a value of -3 to +3) is made for each proposed project / type of
intervention from the strategy, even if some of these types of interventions may include
several projects themselves. In this case, the given score matches either the potential
cumulative impact (if any) or corresponds to the project that is likely to produce the highest
negative effects.
The magnitude is a three-dimensional parameter that takes into account:
Quantitative and qualitative appreciation on the proposed changes (e.g. improving / worsening
quality of resources, changing the structural or functional parameters of an environmental
component, etc.);
Spatial extent (e.g. local, across multiple ATU, on the whole territory of DDISDS);
Temporal extent (e.g. during construction, during the programming period, > programming
period).
An important step in determining the potential impacts that may occur as a result of implementing
the types of interventions / projects of DDISDS is to identify their location. This is very important
for a subsequent determination of the spatial extent of the effects (e.g. local, across multiple ATU,
on the whole territory of DDISDS) and their temporal extensions (e.g. during construction, during
the programming period, > programming period), two essential components in determining the
magnitude of the impact, one of the main parameters for assessing impact significance. According to
the identification scheme based on the types of interventions / projects classified by their location
and the possibility of spatial delimitation for the related impact area, shown in Figure no. 4-7,
DDISDS contains the following types of interventions / projects:
Type A: projects for which the location is not relevant for analysis (generally those that do
not involve construction works and by their very nature do not have the potential to
generate negative effects on the sites of community importance, e.g.: “Technical assistance
for an in-depth institutional analysis (functional review) of DDBRA with the aim of
improving its managerial performances, and the legislative framework governing the
management of DDBR area, including to better guarantee direct access of the local
population to natural resources and services.”);
Type B: projects that are relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but no information is
known about their location;
Type C: projects that are relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but not enough
information is available about their location (approximate/incomplete location:
“approximate” in the case of WSS and IWM projects for which the limit of the land into the
build-up area was considered in the analysis, namely “incomplete” for projects like
“Improving fish habitat” from the “Fisheries and Aquaculture” sector, where only 2 lakes
are included in the first phase, after which a series of interventions on other lakes will be
identified, which locations are not mentioned in this phase). The spatial location of these
194
MRDPA
projects was performed through digitization using Google Earth Pro satellite images,
according to the information available in the project title and description;
Type D: projects with a specific location (vector data in SHP format was provided by the
beneficiary or other stakeholders), but the area of impact cannot be clearly defined (e.g.
“I.88. Rehabilitation and modernization of Sulina Channel”;
Type E: projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact
can be defined.
The number and the percentage of types of interventions / projects according to their location
and the possibility of defining their areas of impact are shown in Figure no. 4-8.
195
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-7 Identification scheme for the types of interventions/ projects of DDISDS based on their location and the possibility to define their area of
impact
196
MRDPA
4; 3%
6; 4%
15; 11%
24; 17%
90; 65%
A
B
C
D
E
Figure no. 4-8 Number and percentage of types of interventions / projects of DDISDS based on
their location and the possibility to define their area of impact
5 classes of sensitivity were proposed: very high, high, moderate, low, without sensitivity (see
Figure no. 4-9):
Very high sensitivity: natural and scientific reserves, strictly protected areas and integral
protection areas;
High sensitivity: all natural areas within SCI/SPAs, except for areas with very high sensitivity;
Moderate sensitivity: all semi natural areas (e.g.: arable, meadows) within SCI/SPAs and
natural areas located outside of SCI/SPA limits, except for areas with high and very high
sensitivity;
Low sensitivity: anthropic areas within SCI/SPAs and all semi natural areas located outside of
SCI/SPAs, except for the ones mentioned above;
Without sensitivity: all anthropic areas located outside of SCI/SPA limits.
Sensitive areas from Măcin Mountains National Park, classified according to “Măcin Mountains
National Park, ROSCI0123 Munţii Măcin and ROSPA0073 Măcin-Niculiţel Integrated Management
Plan” 29, approved by GD no. 1074/11.12.2013, were included within this classification in order to
differentiate sensitive areas based on its zoning, available in vector format:
 Very high sensitivity: strictly protected areas, integral protection areas;
 High sensitivity: sustainable conservation areas;
 Low sensitivity: sustainable development areas.
29
197
http://www.mmediu.ro/articol/management/432
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-9 Sensitivity classes in the DDISDS implementation area
198
MRDPA
4.3.2
Location of the projects / types of interventions of DDISDS in
relation to the sensitivity classes of the study area
The following figures show the types of interventions / projects of SDDIDD which have a specific
location (with or without a clear delineation of the impact area) and an approximate / incomplete
location, namely types C, D or E, in relation to the sensitivity classes of the study area (according to
the classification presented in the previous section).
199
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-10 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the project/type of intervention “Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the
“Natura 2000” network for species of European conservation concern, together with development of an integrated monitoring system covering the whole
DD area (including cross-border areas), supporting evidence-based decision making and community participation” (Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Management sector) in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
200
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-11 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the project/type of intervention “Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has
disappeared or been degraded” (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
201
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-12 Location of the project/type of intervention “Development of an International Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta – Black
Sea for biodiversity preservation” (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management sector) in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
202
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-13 Location of the projects/type of interventions from the DRM sector in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region.
A – project detail “Works for protection against floods”, B – project detail “Modernization, rehabilitation and construction of IES infrastructure”
203
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-14 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the project/type of intervention “A region-wide program for beautification of settlements” (Tourism
sector) in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
204
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-15 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the projects/types of interventions “Dredge major lakes to restore water depth” (Fisheries and
Aquaculture sector) in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
205
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-16 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the projects/types of interventions “Dredge major lakes to restore water depth” (Fisheries and
Aquaculture sector) in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
206
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-17 Location of the projects/type of interventions from the Transport sector in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
207
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-18 Location (approximate/incomplete) of the projects/type of interventions from the Water supply and sanitation (WSS) and integrated water
management (IWM) sector in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
208
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-19 Location of the projects/type of interventions from the WM sector in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
209
MRDPA
Figure no. 4-20 Location of the projects/type of interventions from the Health sector in relation to the sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta Region
210
MRDPA
4.3.3
Estimation of the surfaces from Natura 2000 sites potentially
affected by the implementation of the projects proposed by
DDISDS
4.3.3.1 Methodology
Location of the projects was accomplished, as mentioned in the previous sections, using vector data
received from the beneficiary, and for those projects for which this information could not be
provided by the beneficiary, spatial location was performed through digitization based on Google
Earth Pro satellite images, according to the information available in names or in the justifications of
the projects (for example, for projects such as “Reforestation of areas where the natural vegetation
has disappeared or been degraded”, “Development and modernization of Tulcea airport
infrastructure”, “Development of an International Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube
Delta – Black Sea for biodiversity preservation” etc.). In the case of the project for rehabilitating and
strengthening the Sulina canal banks, vector data have been supplied by the River Administration of
the Lower Danube Galaţi.
In order to assess the land surface affected by the implementation of the projects/types of
interventions proposed by DDISDS, polygons were created for the projects that involve new
constructions, as well as modernization/rehabilitation/extension works (roads, ports, airport, waste
transfer/sorting/composting/MBT stations, wastewater treatment plants, drinking water treatment
plants etc.) using the “Buffer” function in ArcGIS 10. The distances used were different depending
on the type of work involved (express road, county road, waterways, buildings, etc.) and anticipated
impacts (habitat loss, alteration, and disturbance). The created polygons were overlapped with the
sensitivity areas from the Danube Delta region, joint surfaces being then calculated and
disaggregated by the degrees of sensitivity, sector, and type of work. Distances used for the
disturbance impact type were established according to the information available in the literature (ex.:
Forman et al. 2002).
Regarding the intersection of the projects with the types of land use (according to Corine Land
Cover 2006), we mention that in the case of permanently occupied land, we considered the buffer
for the projects involving new constructions or extensions (i.e. where there will be habitat loss), and
for temporarily occupied land, the buffer for projects involving the modernization or rehabilitation
of some existing constructions was considered (i.e. where there will be a habitat alteration).
Buffers used for each type of intervention and forms of impact are shown in the following table:
211
MRDPA
Table no. 4-3 Buffers used to create the polygons that were subsequently used to calculate the
affected areas
Buffer for
existing
constructions
(m)
Buffer for
permanent
constructions
(direct effects) (m)
Temporary
works
(habitat
alteration)
(m)
Disturbance
(indirect
effects) (m)
Habitat
improvement
(m)
-
New
constructions
Reforestation
International
Center of
Advanced
Studies
Stipoc sand
bank
Habitat
rehabilitation
Lakes
New
constructions
Rehabilitation/
Modernization
Hydrotechnic
al works
IES
infrastructure
-
Digitized polygon
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Digitized
polygon
Digitized
polygon
Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
-
Digitized polygons
-
-
-
-
-
Digitized
polygons
-
-
Land within
the built-up
area of the
mentioned
settlements
-
-
Digitized
polygons
-
-
15
5
675
495
-
-
-
200
-
Tourism
Rehabilitation/
Modernization
Beautification
of settlements
Dredge major
lakes
Uzlina Lake
Fortuna Lake
-
-
Fisheries and Aquaculture
-
Transport
ROAD SECTOR
New roads
Express road
Rehabilitations County road
NAVAL SECTOR
Ports
Modernization
5
25
-
-
-
-
-
Sulina
channel
AVIATION SECTOR
Modernization Airport
Digitized
polygons
Polygons
received
from the
River
Administrat
ion Of The
Lower
Danube
-
Water supply and sanitation (WSS) and integrated water management (IWM)
New
constructions/
Extensions
212
DWTP/WW
TP
-
-
-
-
Land within
the built-up
area of the
mentioned
settlements
MRDPA
Buffer for
existing
constructions
(m)
Rehabilitation/
Modernization
STAP/SEAU
Buffer for
permanent
constructions
(direct effects) (m)
-
-
Temporary
works
(habitat
alteration)
(m)
Disturbance
(indirect
effects) (m)
Habitat
improvement
(m)
-
-
Land within
the built-up
area of the
mentioned
settlements
-
-
-
Digitized
polygons
-
-
Digitized
polygons
-
-
30
Waste Management (WM)
New
constructions
Transfer
stations,
sorting, MBT
-
Digitized polygons
Healthcare
Rehabilitation/
Modernization
Medical
infrastructure
-
Education
Rehabilitation/
Modernization
Educational
infrastructure
-
-
4.3.3.2 Type E projects / types of interventions - projects with a specific
location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can
be defined
This category includes the following 6 types of interventions/projects proposed within DDISDS:
 Transport (6 types of interventions / projects):
I.81. Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanța - Tulcea - Macin – Braila, including
the construction of a bridge over Danube at Brăila;
I.82. Modernization of County Road DJ229E, Section I and II, NICULITEL – ZEBIL –
SARICHIOI;
I.83. Modernization of County Road DJ222N, Tulcea – Pardina - Chilia Veche;
I.84. Modernization of County Road DJ226:Tronson DN22B-Corbu-Săcele-Istria-Mihai
Viteazu ;
I.86. Development and modernization of airport infrastructure;
I.87. Modernization of county roads (regional transport infrastructure):
o DJ 222B Baia- Ceamurlia de Sus;
o DJ 222 Visina- Ceamurlia de Sus;
o DJ 223A Enisala – Babadag – Slava Rusă, km 54+724-38+798;
30
213
It is assumed that all the rehabilitation/ modernization works will be carried out on the existing sites of the DWTP/WWTP
MRDPA
o route Cetatea Histria – DN22/ Tariverde.
For these projects, habitat areas that might be actually lost are equivalent to 0.01% of the intersected
SCI sites area. Lost areas in zones with very high and high sensitivity will be equivalent to <0.01%
of the intersected SCI sites area.
The habitat areas potentially altered by the implementation of these projects represent 0.02% of the
intersected SCI sites area. Potentially altered areas with very high and high sensitivity are equivalent
to 0.01% of the intersected SCI sites area.
Areas where species activity disturbance may appear are estimated to cover 1.54% of the total
intersected SCI sites area. Areas where species activity disturbance may appear, located in zones with
very high and high sensitivity, are equivalent to 0.74% of the intersected SCI sites area.
The projects could affect a total area equivalent to 1.56% of the total intersected SCI sites area. In
areas with very high sensitivity, surfaces representing 0.76% of the intersected SCI sites could be
affected.
In the case of the Special Protection Areas (SPA) network, habitat areas potentially lost through the
implementation of the projects are equivalent to 0.02% of the total intersected SPA sites area. In
areas with very high and high sensitivity, the areas that might be lost are equivalent to <0.01% of the
intersected SPA sites area.
The habitat areas potentially altered by the implementation of these projects represent 0.03% of the
intersected SPA sites area. Potentially altered areas with very high and high sensitivity are equivalent
to 0.01% of the intersected SPA sites area.
Areas where species activity disturbance may appear are estimated to cover 1.97% of the total
intersected SPA sites area. Areas where species activity disturbance may appear, located in zones
with very high and high sensitivity, are equivalent to 0.61% of the intersected SPA sites area.
The projects could affect a total area equivalent to 2.01% of the total intersected SPA sites area. In
areas with very high sensitivity, surfaces representing 0.62% of the intersected SPA sites could be
affected.
214
MRDPA
98,44%
0,09%
0,72%
Very high
High
98,44%
0,09%
0,67%
Moderate
1,56%
Low
Unaffected
Total affected in SCI
Unaffected
Figure no. 4-21 Share of the total areas within the Sites of Community Importance (SCI) intersected by projects with a specific location, for which a clear
delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E)
97,99%
0,08%
1,31%
Very high
High
97,99%
2,01%
0,07%
0,55%
Moderate
Low
Unaffected
Total affected in SPA
Unaffected
Figure no. 4-22 Share of the total areas within the Special Protection Areas (SPA) intersected by projects with a specific location, for which a clear
delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E)
215
MRDPA
Table no. 4-4 Projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) lost within Sites
of Community Importance (SCI)
Projects
Type E
Very high
15,08
Total/location
Sensitivity classes of areas (ha) within SCIs
High
Moderate
29,72
1,42
Low
2,49
48,69
Table no. 4-5 Projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) lost within
Special Protection Areas (SPA)
Projects
Type E
Very high
15,12
Total/location
Sensitivity classes of areas (ha) within SPAs
High
Moderate
27,12
109,82
Low
4,91
156,96
Table no. 4-6 Projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) altered within
Sites of Community Importance (SCI)
Projects
Type E
Very high
8,99
Total/location
High
Moderate
62,63
18,19
Low
27,33
117,14
Table no. 4-7 Projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) altered within
Special Protection Areas (SPA)
Projects
Type E
Total/location
216
Very high
9,01
High
Moderate
64,48
103,79
216,69
Low
39,41
MRDPA
Table no. 4-8 Projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) affected by
disturbance within Sites of Community Importance (SCI)
Projects
Type E
Very high
601,03
Total/location
High
Moderate
4539,74
4994,34
Low
578,79
10713,90
Table no. 4-9 Projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E) – Land areas (ha) affected by
disturbance within Special Protection Areas (SPA)
Projects
Type E
Very high
606,98
Total/location
High
Moderate
4680,81
11008,49
Low
665,89
16922,16
Table no. 4-10 Projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E) – Total of land areas (ha)
affected within Sites of Community Importance (SCI)
Projects
Type E
Very high
625,09
Total/location
High
Moderate
4632,09
5013,95
Low
608,61
10879,74
Table no. 4-11 Projects with a specific location, for which a clear delimitation of the area of impact can be defined (Type E) – Total of land areas (ha)
affected within Special Protection Areas (SPA)
Projects
Type E
Total/location
217
Very high
631,10
High
Moderate
4732,40
11222,10
17295,81
Low
710,20
MRDPA
The lists of habitats and species of community interest on taxonomic groups (habitats, plants,
invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds) in the study area, according to Romania’s
reports to the European Union under Art. 17 of the Habitats Directive and Art. 12 of the Birds
Directive, which may be affected by the implementation of Type E projects is presented in Annex
no. III.
The number of habitats and species of community interest on taxonomic groups (habitats, plants,
invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds) which may be affected by the
implementation of these projects is presented in Table no. 4-12.
Birds
I.87.
Mammals
I.86.
Reptiles
I.84.
Amphibians
I.83.
Fish
I.82.
Modernization of national road DN 22
Constanța - Tulcea - Macin – Braila, including
the construction of a bridge over Danube at
Brăila
Modernization of County Road DJ229E,
Section I and II, NICULITEL – ZEBIL –
SARICHIOI
Modernization of County Road DJ222N,
Tulcea – Pardina - Chilia Veche
Modernization of County Road DJ226:Tronson
DN22B-Corbu-Săcele-Istria-Mihai Viteazu
Development and modernization of airport
infrastructure
Modernizarea
drumurilor
judeţene
(infrastructura de transport regional):
o DJ 222B Baia- Ceamurlia de Sus;
o DJ 222 Visina- Ceamurlia de Sus;
o DJ 223A Enisala – Babadag – Slava Rusă,
km 54+724-38+798;
o traseul Cetatea Histria – DN22/ Tariverde.
Invertebrates
I.81.
Project name
Plants
Project
code
Habitats
may be affected by the implementation of Type E projects
Number of habitats/ species of community
interest possibly affected
12
4
12
19
12
9
22
40
7
4
5
18
12
9
17
38
3
2
5
19
10
7
11
32
4
3
2
6
11
8
21
30
4
1
2
18
11
9
16
27
7
3
5
5
12
9
21
38
The number of unique habitats and species of community interest, on taxonomic groups, which may
be affected by the implementation of Type E projects, is presented in Table no. 4-13. Among these,
3 species of fish (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Acipenser stellatus and Huso huso) are listed as CR (Critically
Endangered) and 1 species of birds (Falco cherrug) is listed as EN (Endangered) on the IUCN Red
List.
Table no. 4-13 Number of unique habitats and species of community interest, on taxonomic groups,
which may be affected by the implementation of Type E projects
Number of unique habitats/ species of community interest possibly affected
Project type
Habitats Plants Invertebrates Fish Amphibians Reptiles Mammals Birds
Type E projects
218
24
5
14
19
12
9
25
47
MRDPA
4.3.3.3 Type D projects / types of interventions - projects with a specific
location, but the area of impact cannot be clearly defined
 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management (1 type of intervention / project):
I.12. Development of an International Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta
– Black Sea for biodiversity preservation;
 Disaster Risk Management – DRM (1 type of intervention / project):
I.24. Modernization, rehabilitation and construction of Inspectorate for Emergency
Situations (IES) infrastructure facilities in TULCEA + Macin + Crişan + Babadag +
Topolog;
 Transport (1 type of intervention / project ):
I.88. Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina Channel;
 Waste Management (1 type of intervention / project):
I.102. Investments in WM Systems for Handling Separated Waste (waste separation at
source, collection, sorting and transportation facilities).
The project for rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina Channel contains several types of
interventions consisting of: technical works to achieve bed stabilization, protection of Sulina Canal
banks, and optimization of dredging works to ensure minimum navigation depths at the mouth of
the sea.
An estimation of the land surfaces that might be affected by the technical works to achieve fairway
restoration and protection of the banks is shown in Table no. 4-14 and Table no. 4-15.
Sites of Community Interest (SCI) which might be affected by the implementation of the project
Project
Rehabilitation and modernization of
the Sulina Channel
Very high
0
Sensitivity classes of surfaces (ha) within SCIs
High
Moderate
179.31
Total/location
7.67
Low
5.39
192.37
Special Protection Areas (SPA) which might be affected by the implementation of the project
Project
Rehabilitation and modernization of
the Sulina Channel
Total/location
Very high
0
Sensitivity classes of surfaces (ha) within SPAs
High
Moderate
179.31
7.67
Low
5.39
192.37
The lists of habitats and species of community interest on taxonomic groups (habitats, plants,
invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds) in the study area, according to Romania’s
219
MRDPA
reports to the European Union under Art. 17 of the Habitats Directive and Art. 12 of the Birds
Directive, which may be affected by the implementation of Type E projects is presented in Annex
no. III.
The number of habitats and species of community interest on taxonomic groups (habitats, plants,
invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds) which may be affected by the
implementation of these projects is presented in Table no. 4-16.
220
Reptiles
Mammals
Birds
I.102.
Amphibians
I.88.
Fish
I.24.
Development of an International Center of
Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta –
Black Sea for biodiversity preservation
Modernization, rehabilitation and construction
of Inspectorate for Emergency Situations
(IES) infrastructure facilities in TULCEA +
Macin + Crişan + Babadag + Topolog
Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina
Channel
Investments in WM Systems for Handling
Separated Waste (waste separation at source,
collection, sorting and transportation facilities)
Invertebrates
I.12.
Project name
Plants
Project
code
Habitats
may be affected by the implementation of Type D projects
Number of habitats/ species of community
interest possibly affected
2
0
2
0
10
3
11
28
12
4
13
19
12
9
17
37
23
3
3
20
8
3
8
29
26
4
3
20
11
10
20
39
MRDPA
4.3.3.4 Type C projects / types of interventions – projects that are
relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but not enough
information
is
available
about
their
location
(approximate/incomplete location)
 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management (3 types of interventions / projects):
I.5. Equipment and operating costs for physical interventions to restore natural water
circulation and key habitat areas.
I.6. Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000”
network for species of European conservation concern, together with development of
an integrated monitoring system covering the whole DD area (including cross-border
areas), supporting evidence-based decision making and community participation.
I.10. Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has disappeared or been
degraded;
 Energy efficiency (1 type of intervention / project):
I.17. Extending and improving the energy efficiency of public lighting;
 Disaster Risk Management (DRM) (1 type of intervention / project):
I.23. Works for protection against floods in fourteen (14) towns/communes;
 Tourism (2 types of interventions / projects):
I.34. A region-wide program for beautification of settlements;
I.36. Cultural heritage interventions (rehabilitation, preservation, etc.);
 Fisheries and Aquaculture (3 types of interventions / projects):
I.40. Reduce sedimentation in major lakes with the installation of stop locks;
I.41. Dredge major lakes to restore water depth;
I.44. Improve fish habitat;
 Agriculture and Rural Development (ARD) (2 types of interventions / projects):
I.54. Modernization of rural infrastructure (water, sanitation, roads, schools, etc);
I.80. Educational infrastructure upgrade (especially for primary and secondary
education);
 Transport (1 type of intervention / project):
I.85. Modernization of Tulcea, Sulina, Măcin, Isaccea, Mahmudia and Chilia ports;
 Water supply and sanitation (WSS) and integrated water management (IWM) (2
types of interventions / projects):
221
MRDPA
I.99. Projects in areas with > 2000 Population equivalent;
I.100. Projects in areas with < 2000 Population equivalent.
In terms of impact on biodiversity, it should be mentioned that the projects belonging to “Water
supply and sanitation (WSS) and integrated water management (IWM)” sector, as well as the projects
I.6. “Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000” network for species of
European conservation concern, together with development of an integrated monitoring system covering the whole DD
area (including cross-border areas), supporting evidence-based decision making and community participation”, I.10.
“Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has disappeared or been degraded”, I.41. “Dredge major
lakes to restore water depth” and I.44. “Improve fish habitat” will generate long term positive effects on a
large surface within the study area.
The tables below present the land areas, expressed in hectares, on which long-term positive effects
may appear, both within sites of Community Importance (SCI) and Special Protection Areas (SPA).
Table no. 4-17 Projects that are relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but not enough information
is available about their location (approximate/incomplete location) (Type C) – Land surfaces (ha)
within Sites of Community Interest (SCI) on which positive effects may appear
Projects
Restoration of ecological systems
and natural habitat within the
“Natura 2000” network for species
of European conservation concern,
together with development of an
integrated monitoring system
covering the whole DD area
(including cross-border areas),
supporting evidence-based decision
making and community participation
“Water supply and sanitation (WSS)
and integrated water management
(IWM)” (2 projects)
Reforestation of areas where the
natural forest vegetation has
disappeared or been degraded
Dredge major lakes to restore water
depth
Total/location
Very high
Sensitivity classes of surfaces (ha) within SCIs
High
Moderate
Low
19.39
9387.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
56.32
85.55
890.46
0.00
2382.92
486.82
18.44
0.00
1401.94
0.00
0.00
14729.06
Table no. 4-18 Projects that are relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but not enough information
is available about their location (approximate/incomplete location) (Type C) – Land surfaces (ha)
within Special Protection Areas (SPA) on which positive effects may appear
Projects
Restoration of ecological systems
and natural habitat within the
“Natura 2000” network for species
of European conservation concern,
together with development of an
integrated monitoring system
covering the whole DD area
(including cross-border areas),
supporting evidence-based decision
222
Very high
19.39
Sensitivity classes of surfaces (ha) within SPAs
High
Moderate
9387.20
0.00
Low
0.00
MRDPA
making and community participation
“Water supply and sanitation (WSS)
and integrated water management
(IWM)” (2 projects)
Reforestation of areas where the
natural forest vegetation has
disappeared or been degraded
Dredge major lakes to restore water
depth
Total/location
1.23
85.11
160.14
1753.28
0.00
2382.92
486.82
18.44
0.00
1401.94
0.00
0.00
15696.50
4.3.3.5 Type B projects / types of interventions – projects that are
relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but no information is
known about their location
This category includes the following 24 types of interventions/projects proposed within DDISDS
that belong to the following sectors:
 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management (4 types of interventions / projects);
 Energy Efficiency (2 types of interventions / projects);
 Disaster Risk Management - DRM (1 type of intervention / project);
 Pollution Emergency (1 type of intervention / project );
 Tourism (1 type of intervention / project);
 Fisheries and Aquaculture (5 types of interventions / projects);
 Agriculture and Rural Development - ARD (5 types of interventions / projects);
 Waste Management (4 types of interventions / projects);
 Others (1 type of intervention / project).
4.3.3.6 Type A projects / types of interventions – projects for which the
location is not relevant for analysis
This category includes the following 90 types of interventions/projects proposed within DDISDS
that belong to the following sectors:
 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management (6 types of interventions / projects);
 Energy Efficiency (1 type of intervention / project);
 Climate change (3 types of interventions / projects);
 Disaster Risk Management (1 type of intervention / project);
 Pollution emergency (3 types of interventions / projects);
223
MRDPA
 Tourism (7 types of interventions / projects);
 Fisheries and Aquaculture (5 types of interventions / projects);
 Agriculture and Rural Development - ARD (21 types of interventions / projects);
 Information and Communication Technology - ICT (10 types of interventions / projects);
 Waste Management (1 type of intervention / project);
 Healthcare (11 types of interventions / projects);
 Education (6 types of interventions / projects);
 Social Inclusion and Protection (8 types of interventions / projects);
 Administrative Capacity and Program Management (7 types of interventions / projects).
224
MRDPA
4.3.4
Assessment results
According to the matrix presented in the previous section, we assessed the significance of the
potential effects of the DDISDS implementation on the community interest components from the
Danube Delta Region (Table no. 4-19).
The score is given for the impact of an intervention (project) on a taxonomic group (mammals,
birds, etc) and includes a subjective approximation of:
all identified types of impacts (habitat loss, habitat alteration etc);
the estimated magnitude (when information is insufficient, magnitude is overestimated for
negative impacts and underestimated for positive ones);
sensitivity of the impact area (usually, the highest sensitivity class is considered).
In Figure no. 4-23 is presented the share of the assessment notes granted for each taxonomic group.
The significant negative effects are registred for the taxonomical groups: habitats/ vegetation, fish
and birds. Habitats/ vegetation is the group that is registering the most significant negative effects,
as a result of the interventions from the Transport sector (I.81 Modernization of national road DN
22 Constanţa - Tulcea - Măcin – Brăila, including the construction of a bridge over Danube at Brăila
and I.88 Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina Channel). In what concern the positive
effects, fish is the taxonomic group that accumulate the most positive effects (approx. 23.7 % of the
total assessment notes), given especially the interventions from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Management and Fisheries and Aquaculture sectors (eg. I.5 Equipment and operating costs for
physical interventions to restore natural water circulation and key habitat areas, respectively I.44
Improve fish habitat), which influences directly the aquatic ecosystems. The high share of “no effect
can be identified (! It doesn’t necessarily mean that they don’t exist)” is given by the multitude of the
interventions from Health, Education, Social Inclusion and Protection, Administrative Capacity and
Program Management sectors, which have no influence on the Natura 2000 components.
225
MRDPA
100%
90%
80%
70%
-3
60%
-2
50%
-1
40%
0
30%
1
2
20%
3
10%
0%
Habitats/
vegetation
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals
(including
bats)
Birds
Figure no. 4-23 The share of the assessment notes granted for each taxonomic group
Figure no. 4-24 shows only the positive and negative effects of the types on interventions/ projects
of DDISDS on the Natura 2000 components.
226
MRDPA
Birds
-3
-2
-1
Fish
1
2
3
Invertebrates
Plants
Habitats/ vegetation
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Figure no. 4-24 The positive and negative effects associated to each taxonomic group
The share of the total positive and negative effects generated by the implementation of the types of
interventions/ projects of DDISDS on the Natura 2000 components is presented in Figure no.
4-25. The total of the positive effects generated by the types of interventions/ projects of DDISDS
is of 57 %, while the total of the negative effects is of 43 %. The positive effects are associated with
the interventions from Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Pollution Emergency, Fisheries
and Aquaculture, Agriculture and Rural Development (ARD), Water supply and sanitation (WSS)
and integrated water management (IWM), Waste Management and Education sectors, while the
negative effects are associated with the interventions from Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management
(I.12 – I.14), Energy Efficiency (I.15 and I.17), Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Tourism,
227
MRDPA
Fisheries and Aquaculture, Agriculture and Rural Development (ARD), Transport and other (I.139
Urban Renewal Interventions) sectors.
The projects that have the potential to generate significate positive or negative effects on the Natura
2000 components are listed bellow:
Significant positive effects:
 I.5 Equipment and operating costs for physical interventions to restore natural water
circulation and key habitat areas;
 I.6 Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000” network
for species of European conservation concern, together with development of an integrated
monitoring system covering the whole DD area (including cross-border areas), supporting
evidence-based decision making and community participation.
Significant negative effects:
 I.81 Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanţa – Tulcea – Măcin – Brăila, including
the construction of a bridge over Danube at Brăila;
 I.88 Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina Channel.
1% 2%
14%
20%
Signifficant positive effects
Moderate positive effects
Reduced positive effects
Reduced negative effects
28%
Moderate negative effects
35%
Signifficant negative effects
Figure no. 4-25 The share of the total positive and negative effects generated by the implementation
of the types of interventions/ projects of DDISDS on the Natura 2000 components
It is important to mention that there are a series of type of interventions for which:
the potential effects were already assessed within other interventions: the case of I.27 Create an
inter-institutional Pollution Emergency Response Team, I.54 Modernization of rural
infrastructure (partially, only some components – see I.80, I.99, I.100) and I.78 Support
rehabilitation of flood protection infrastructure;
the potential effects on the Natura 2000 components could not be assessed, as a result of
insufficient information for assessing correctly the interventions: I.41 Dredge major lakes to
228
MRDPA
restore water depth (for Habitats component), I.73 Exit of old farmers and transfer of assets and
I.128 Other social protection interventions.
229
MRDPA
Table no. 4-19 The analysis of the impact significance of the types of interventions/ projects of DDISDS on the community interest components in the Danube Delta Region
Taxonomic group
Types of interventions/ projects
Habitats
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals
Birds
Justification
I.1
Development and implementation of measures to reduce waste in natural areas.
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
Positively affects all species, particularly the natural vegetation in areas
with uncontrolled disposal of waste.
I.2
Border demarcation and signage of strictly protected areas and buffer areas, sport fishing areas, touristic
routes, camping, parking areas, etc. and development and implementation of a monitoring and
information system, incl. technology such as motion-activated cameras, watchtowers, etc.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Will reduce the anthropic pressure of tourism activities with benefits
for all species and habitats. Area of implementation is restricted to
DDBR.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
A crucial measure for achieving a scientifically guided management of
wetlands.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
It is estimated that such measure will generate indirect benefits for all
species and habitats. Area of implementation is restricted to DDBR.
I.3
I.4
Improve evidence-based management by developing and implementing a modern/efficient monitoring
system and predictive model for sedimentation dynamics in the Danube Delta.
An in-depth institutional analysis (functional review) of DDBRA and the associated administrative
reforms with the aim of improving its managerial performances, and the legislative framework
governing the management of DDBR area to allow local residents to become active participants in
guarding and managing the natural resource. Capacity building measures for the communities and
DDBRA.
I.5
Equipment and operating costs for physical interventions to restore natural water circulation and key
habitat areas.
2
1
1
3
2
1
2
If the measure is based on evidence-based management, all species
and habitats should benefit, particularly endangered water dependent
species.
I.6
Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000” network for species of
European conservation concern, together with development of an integrated monitoring system
covering the whole DD area (including cross-border areas), supporting evidence-based decision making
and community participation.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Restoration of natural habitats is the most needed intervention aiming
directly the improvement of conservation status for all Natura 2000
species and habitats.
I.7
Studies and TA for biodiversity conservation and restoration of ecosystems and natural habitats within
“Natura 2000” network affected by anthropic impacts.
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Project is necessary for the substantiation of physical interventions.
The project involves also species inventories and habitats mapping
and therefore it should be considered as the highest priority for
implementation.
I.8
Identify additional poldered areas eligible for ecological restoration. This will include feasibility studies
and technical projects for the restoration of natural habitats affected by non-ecological activities in
agricultural, fishery and forestry polders - integral or partial ecological restoration works.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
The project will have a positive benefit limited by the unknown spatial
extent and the uncertainty of the implementation.
I.9
Natural capital accounting studies to determine the highest value uses of land and natural resources for
optimal management.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.10
Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has disappeared or been degraded.
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
I.11
Investments to support local action to reduce nitrate pollution of the waterways from agricultural and
livestock rearing activities.
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
I.12
Development of an International Centre of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta – Black Sea for
biodiversity preservation.
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
230
The intervention is crucial for a scientific guided management, with
indirect positive effects for all habitats and species. It is conditioned
by the existence of a unitary habitats and species mapping.
Although the measure doesn’t have a large area of implementation, it
is beneficial for a large number of habitats and species, particularly
several species of birds and mammals. It is expected that reforestation
will be performed with native species (such as Populus nigra, Populus
alba, Salix alba, Salix fragilis, Fraxinus angustifolia, Ulmus minor etc.).
Reforestation is also beneficial for the quality of aquatic ecosystems
and should be considered, where applicable, in the restoration
projects.
As nitrate pollution is among the important pressures on water
dependent ecosystems, any measure aiming to reduce pollution is
beneficial for Danube Delta’s species and habitats. The measure
should be considered for the entire study area.
The centre location should be reconsidered in accordance with the
updated limits of ROSCI0065 Danube Delta, in order to avoid any
potential impact associated with this development. The proposal of
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Habitats
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals
Birds
I.13
Integrated pest management – develop and implement an integrated pest management strategy for
mosquitoes.
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
I.14
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
I.15
Promoting the use of renewable energy sources. Investments in pilot projects promoting the use of
renewable energy sources (wind, solar energy, heat pumps, biomass, micro-hydro etc.) and nonpollutant technologies, including the development and introduction of environmentally friendly
propulsion systems in the Delta.
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
I.16
Improving the energy efficiency of public buildings (schools, hospitals, administrative buildings, etc.).
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Justification
such facility is however very important to consolidate the efforts to
achieve a solid scientific foundation for DDBR management.
Such measure is important for controlling risks associated with spread
of diseases. However there are insufficient information provided at
this moment to assure that such intervention will not have negative
impacts on protected flora and fauna. From the biodiversity point of
view this intervention should be considered of low priority and should
benefit of consistent supporting research.
Reed represents the habitat of many species in DDBR and therefore
its exploitation cannot be performed without a certain level of
negative impact. The elaboration of such strategy must be preceded
by studies aiming to identify the carrying capacity and the acceptable
limits for exploitation.
Renewable energy might be beneficial for wildlife IF it is not
implemented in sensitive areas, by large scale projects and if it replaces
classical energy sources. In the absence of a clear indication on the
size and area of implementation of such facilities, it is precautionary to
estimate a potential negative impact on all species and habitats of
conservative interest.
Another project that was analysed here was the proposal to build a
cogeneration plant in Tulcea Municipality, which could generate a
reduction of atmospheric emissions, and its construction will not be
performed in a high sensitivity area.
No detectable impacts on Natura 2000 species and habitats.
I.17
Extending and improving the energy efficiency of public lighting.
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
I.18
Support for improving energy efficiency of households.
Create a CC partnership platform, including a community-driven climate adaptation fund targeted at
low income families; a micro grant or loan mechanism to support SMEs; and a partnership facility to
promote private - public collaboration for innovative climate actions.
Designate a unit with a clear mandate to address climate change issues, with a small number of
dedicated and knowledgeable staff, and capable of working cross-sector.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
This intervention might have minor negative effects on habitats and
plant species due to the system extension. Currently, the interventions
for the public lighting system are excpected to take place within
towns, but their list is not complete (other eligible ATU’s might
appear), and may include natural areas located near settlements. Areas
of implementation are unknown but might include natural areas in
close vicinity of localities. Also public lighting might induce changes
in the activity of nocturnal species.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.21
Develop clear and easy to use local guidelines for climate change and energy efficiency programs.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.22
Provision of special machinery and equipment for interventions by IES and SMURD in disaster
situations
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-2
Construction works for flood protection extending outside localities
limits will generate negative impacts on water dependent species and
habitats. As the existing flood management plans are not focused on
non-structural measures, it is advisable to review these plans in
I.19
I.20
I.23
231
Works for protection against floods in fourteen (14) towns/communes.
-2
-1
-2
-2
-2
-1
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Habitats
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals
Justification
Birds
accordance with the knowledge database that will be generated by the
DDISDS interventions under the Biodiversity domain.
I.24
Modernization, rehabilitation and construction of Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IES)
infrastructure facilities in TULCEA + Macin + Crişan + Babadag + Topolog
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.25
Create and maintain an inter-institutional risk factor database
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.26
Complete coherent and comprehensive pollution emergency response and prevention plans, covering
both water and land, and both mobile and fixed sources of pollution
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
The intervention will have an indirect positive impact on all species
and habitats.
I.27
Create an inter-institutional Pollution Emergency Response Team
I.28
Purchase of equipment to enable the first response team to quickly access pollution incident sites in the
Core Delta
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
The project is critical for rapid interventions in case of accidental
pollutions and should be considered with high priority. The
intervention is directly beneficial for aquatic organisms.
I.29
Create and maintain an inter-institutional environmental liability data-base for data sharing and better
coordination across agencies
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Potential effects already considered under I.26
-
I.30
Development and Installation of Visitor Infrastructure
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
I.31
Institutionalization of a Danube Delta Destination Management Organization (DMO)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The intervention might be beneficial for sustainable tourism, though
the explanatory text in the Strategy offers no certainties for reaching
such goal. From the biodiversity point of view this intervention
should not be of high priority and should be based on the new
knowledge base that will be generated by the DDISDS interventions
under the Biodiversity domain.
I.32
Design and implementation of a destination-wide program for product and attraction development
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.33
Support mechanism for innovative and sustainable nature-based tourism MSMEs & social tourism
enterprises for green local economy
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
The intervention will generate additional reduced negative impacts on
Natura 2000 species and habitats.
I.34
A region-wide program for beautification of settlements
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.35
Program for improved quality of accommodation facilities and services
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.36
Cultural heritage interventions (rehabilitation, preservation, etc.)
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
Cultural heritage interventions may have minor negative effects on
habitats and species of community interest, whereas some of the
heritage objects concerned are found within Natura 2000 sites. The
full list of objectives is not known at the moment.
I.37
Development of a destination interpretation (learning) program.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.38
Develop and roll out program for emergency and first aid for tourism workers, service providers
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.39
Develop a specialized tourism research observatory
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-2
This intervention supports the introduction of artificial structures in
natural systems, with the potential to limit the spatial movement of
many aquatic species and potential other effects which are not
identifiable at this moment. This intervention should not be of high
priority and should be based on the new knowledge base that will be
generated by the DDISDS interventions under the Biodiversity
I.40
232
Reduce sedimentation in major lakes with the installation of stop locks
-2
-1
-2
-2
-2
-1
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Habitats
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals
Justification
Birds
domain.
I.41
Dredge major lakes to restore water depth
?
1
1
2
2
1
2
The intervention might have positive effects on long term for the
conservation status of most species, especially on native fishes,
amphibians and birds. Particular attention should be paid to impacts
on species with reduced mobility and timing of physical interventions
by conducting appropriate studies before such interventions, as well
as to the management of the dredged material (in order not to affect
the natural habitats).
I.42
Support transition from commercial to recreational fishing (Improve ecotourism venues to
accommodate the needs of recreational fishers; Promote and provide training in sustainable recreational
fishing (catch-and-release fishing etc.).
1
0
0
2
0
1
1
This intervention should reduce the existing pressure on fish
communities.
I.43
Support artificial reproduction of valuable species like pike and zander and construct simple landing
facilities in places of fisher concentrations.
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
I.44
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
I.45
Regulate or eliminate uncontrolled fish camping
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
I.46
Consider some tax incentives, like the elimination of the water tax
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
I.47
I.48
I.49
Improve fisheries data collection and analysis
Replace or modify cherhana based system
Strengthen analytical capacity at DDNRI
Improve fisheries research and development activities in research institutes, public institutions and
fishermen associations.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
This intervention should balance the impact generated by selective
fishing on two raptor species. The intervention requires an adequate
scientific base to avoid potential negative impact on fish communities.
The intervention is beneficial for fish communities, by the potential to
increase the conservation status of Natura 2000 species. Other
species, particularly amphibians, reptiles and birds, may also benefit of
this intervention.
The measure should be beneficial for habitats and fish species. The
intervention should be correlated with I.30.
There are insufficient elements to assess this intervention. It is also
strongly recommended to correlate the justification of this
intervention with the vision expressed by the interventions of
DDISDS Biodiversity domain.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.50
I.51
Improve Aquaculture
-1
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
-2
From the biodiversity perspective there are two important
considerations: i) restoration is a better perspective compared to
aquaculture, ii) re-establishing of aquaculture on former abandoned
fisheries might have impacts on Natura 2000 species that colonised
these surfaces.
I.52
Support small scale fish processing. Diversify home and village level fish processing by introducing
small scale canning units (for Gibel carp and other low value fish like roach and bream) and improve
smoking systems (small electric smokers); mainly to produce delicacies to visiting tourists.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.53
Modernization of facilities for collection / processing / marketing of agricultural produce
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-2
Some of the components of this type of intervention were already
assessed within other interventions (see I.80, I.99, I.100). In order to
assess impact significance, we mainly considered the project regarding
the rehabilitation of DC2, DC3 and DC4, which intersects areas with
high sensitivity. In the case of DC3, according to information
I.54
233
Modernization of rural infrastructure (water, sanitation, roads, schools, etc)
-2
-2
-2
0
-2
-2
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Habitats
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals
Birds
Justification
provided by ADI ITI Delta Dunării, after consulting DDBRA
representatives, the road will not pass through the natural protected
area Pădurea Letea and its rehabilitation will be made using ecologic
solutions and will respect DDBRA rules.
I.55
Jobs creation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.56
Protection and improvement of natural resources (soil, water)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Providing incentives for using environmentally friendly farming
practices, technologies with minimal impact on the ground, the
existence of adequate facilities for storing manure can have a positive
impact on all taxonomical groups.
I.57
Completion of land restitution and land book registration for land/farms consolidation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.58
Support for environment-friendly agricultural activities within Natura 2000 sites
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
The organic farming to the detriment of the one based on the use of
chemical substances it is beneficial for all Natura 2000 habitats and
species, especially fish and birds.
I.59
Enlarge the access to vocational education for agriculture
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.60
Modernization of quality control systems for agricultural products
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.61
Improved information on local and European financing, including projects preparation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.62
Improvement of Advisory/consulting and training activity for farmers / rural labor
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.63
Fostering organic farming activities
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
I.64
Take-up of farming activities by young generations
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.65
Modernization/rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure
-1
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
-1
I.66
Consolidation and modernization of small farms
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Any initiative aiming at reducing the use of chemicals in Danube
Delta area is beneficial for Natura 2000 species and habitats,
particularly for fishes and birds.
The spatial extend of this intervention is not specified. It is expected
to involve construction works and use of important quantities of
water, which may affect all water dependent species and habitats.
I.67
Creation of small businesses outside agriculture
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.68
Modernization of technical endowment of farms
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
-1
I.69
Bottom-up initiatives for local development
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.70
Afforestation of agricultural and non-agricultural land in the Danube Delta region
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
I.71
Conservation of local patrimony and traditions (including handicrafts)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
It is expected that the intervention might increase the intensity of
farming, with negative impacts on vegetation and birds.
The spatial extend of this measure is not known. It is expected that
this intervention will bring benefit to many species and habitats, with
the following conditions: afforestation is performed with native
species, similar to the surrounding habitat types, and the nonagricultural land does not identify with any existing natural use of
land.
I.72
Release of land through concessions by Tulcea County Council
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
234
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Habitats
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals
Birds
Justification
I.73
Exit of old farmers and transfer of assets
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
There is insufficient information for assessing this intervention.
I.74
Foster establishment of producer groups/organizations
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.75
Stimulate creation of short supply chains for the benefit of tourism activities
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.76
Support branding/certification of agricultural products and their marketing on international markets
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
This intervention might be incompatible with the vision supporting
the ecological restoration and ecotourism in core Delta. It is
precautionary to consider a potential negative impact of this
intervention on numerous species and habitats, though the impact
depends of the type and extent of the agricultural activities, which are
not mentioned in the DDISDS.
I.77
Provide incentives to maintain agricultural activities in core Delta
I.78
Support rehabilitation of flood protection infrastructure
I.79
Enable participation of farmers and processors to risk management tools
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.80
Educational infrastructure upgrade (especially for primary and secondary education)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.81
Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanța - Tulcea - Macin – Brăila, including the construction
of a bridge over Danube at Brăila
-3
-2
-2
-1
-2
-2
-2
I.82
Modernization of County Road DJ229E, Section I and II, NICULITEL – ZEBIL – SARICHIOI
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
I.83
Modernization of County Road DJ222N, Tulcea – Pardina - Chilia Veche
-2
-2
-2
0
-2
-2
-2
I.84
Modernization of County Road DJ226:Tronson DN22B-Corbu-Săcele-Istria-MihaiViteazu
-2
-2
-2
0
-2
-2
-2
According to the national plans, this route should be upgraded to an
express road, involving its enlargement and bypassing localities. The
provided route intersects existing sensitive areas (where priority
species and habitats are present (e.g. 1530*, 62C0*, 91I0*, Osmoderma
eremita*, Anisus vorticulus*) and a national reserve) and therefore was
considered to have a potential significant negative impact. Significant
impact might be avoided by adequate re-routing.
The intervention involves the modernisation of the road on its actual
route, without extension. Impacts are reduced and include potential
alterations and disturbance.
route, without extension. Impacts during construction are reduced,
but it is expected that the intervention will increase the traffic on a
route close to some high sensitive areas.
It should be mentioned that the route proposed for the modernisation
crosses AA Pardina, surface which is proposed also for ecological
restoration according to interventions I.6. and I.8, and to DDBRA
portal and DDBR Management Plan. Thus, although the short-term
impact of this project can be beneficial, on long-term its run contrary
to the above mentioned types of interventions, aimed, among others,
the reconstruction of the abandoned agricultural polders, promoted
by the same Strategy.
route, without extension. Impacts during construction are reduced,
but it is expected that the intervention will increase the traffic on a
route close to a very high sensitive area.
235
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Already assessed within I.23
-
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Habitats
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals
Birds
I.85
Modernization of Tulcea, Sulina, Macin, Isaccea, Mahmudia and Chilia ports
-2
-1
-2
-2
-2
-1
-2
I.86
Development and modernization of airport infrastructure
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1

I.87



Modernization
of
county
roads
(regional
DJ222B Baia- Ceamurlia de Sus;
DJ222 Visina- Ceamurlia de Sus;
DJ 223A Enisala – Babadag – Slava Rusă, km 54+724-38+798;
route Cetatea Histria - DN22/ Tariverde.
transport
infrastructure):
-2
-2
-2
0
-2
-2
-2
Justification
This intervention includes several projects, of which some of them
may have negative impacts on habitats and species, as well as on
hydro-morphology, which are not identifiable at this moment.
Though the airport is located in a low sensitivity area, this
intervention will lead to traffic increase, with negative impact on bird
species.
The intervention involves the modernisation of several roads
segments on their actual routes, without extensions. Some of the
segments are located close to sensitive areas and in the case of the
route to Cetatea Histria, it intersects the Cetatea Histria Nature
Reserve for approximately 300 m length.
I.88
Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina Channel
-3
-2
-2
-3
-2
-1
-3
I.89
Internet / ultra-fast internet for green tourism
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The intervention has numerous components, all of them represented
by physical interventions (on the channel banks, bed stabilization
etc.). The intervention might involve direct and indirect impacts, as
well as long-term and long-distance effects. Some of the impacts
might be avoided or reduced by proper substantiation and therefore
the project should be implemented after the evidence-based
management in the project area is in place.
I.90
Improvement of e-government services and local public monitoring systems
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.91
Support of ICT for businesses through e-portal and grant facility
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.92
Formulating and implementing open data policies
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.93
Increasing vertical integration of ICT innovation solutions in the local economy.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.94
Increasing private investments in RDI and encouraging the demand for RDI.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.95
Increasing knowledge, technology and staff transfer with RDI skills by means of partnerships between
private and research environment.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.96
Increasing the excellence of scientific basis as engine for innovation, by developing RD infrastructure.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.97
Increasing the involvement in EU level research by unlocking the excellence potential in RDI, such as
within the framework program Horizon 2020 and by attracting talents and advanced skills to the RDI
national system.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.98
Developing ITC infrastructure and systems and digital skills to support education, health, online culture
and digital inclusion
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.99
Water and sanitation services - Projects in areas with > 2000 Population equivalent
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
I.100
Water and sanitation services - Projects in areas with < 2000 Population equivalent
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
236
This intervention will contribute to the reduction of surface and
underground water contamination, with beneficial effect for all
species and habitats.
This intervention will contribute also to the reduction of surface and
underground water contamination, with beneficial effect for all
species and habitats. The extent of future implementation will not
cover all localities with < 2000 Population equivalent.
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Habitats
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
2
2
This is one of the important interventions aiming at reducing both the
floating waste and the existing diffuse waste-related pollution, with
positive impact for all species and habitats.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
This intervention should be part of I.94. Spatial extent and intensity
of this intervention is unknown.
1
1
1
1
1
1
The intervention has a positive impact, indirectly stimulating the
minimization of waste that are to be stored.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.102
Investments in WM Systems for Handling Separated Waste (waste separation at source, collection,
sorting and transportation facilities).
2
2
2
2
2
I.103
Public education and awareness program on waste management
1
1
1
1
I.104
Composting bins for rural households to process the biodegradable waste
1
1
1
I.105
Investments in treatment and disposal facilities for construction and demolition waste
1
1
I.106
Recovering waste collected from households and economic agents
1
I.107
Consolidate the response capacity of Public Health Directorate (PHD) by designing and implementing
an environmental health surveillance system
I.108
Rehabilitation/modernization of facilities, and IT equipment
I.110
Justification
2
Collection of Floating Waste in River Channels
Modernization and equipment, and organize a functional building block at Tulcea Emergency Hospital
(including for integrated ambulatory department), and for Macin Hospital
Rehabilitation /transformation of TB pavilion at Tulcea Emergency Hospital to a social
accommodation center (residential care shelter)
Birds
Though this is not a long term solution, the intervention should be of
high priority giving the status of waste management in the study area
and upstream. Floating waste, particularly plastic, represent a threat to
all water dependent species and their habitats.
I.101
I.109
Mammals
2
2
1
2
1
1
The intervention has an indirect positive impact and is essential for
the success of the above intervention (I.94).
This intervention should be part of I.94. Spatial extent and intensity
of this intervention is unknown.
I.111
Create public ambulatory centers by rehabilitating closed hospital buildings in Babadag and Sulina
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.112
Ensure interoperability of medical information systems at health care level (telemedicine and e-health)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.113
Reforms to increase cost-effectiveness of sector governance/management (hospital payment
mechanism to incentivize public ambulatory, family doctor, and telemedicine systems)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.114
Information, education and communication campaigns on healthy and hygienic environment
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.115
Ambulances for emergency care and rehabilitation civil works
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.116
Provide area specific training for medical professionals
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.117
Increase the prevalence of health programs focused on prevention and screening
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.118
Provision of relevant, accessible and incentivized LLL programmes in sustainable tourism, agriculture
and fishery in Community Centres for Permanent Learning
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Unfortunately rural communities still represent an important pressure
on wildlife populations. It is expected that such training programmes
to contribute to a reduction of this pressure mainly by an increasing
preoccupation for preserving natural habitats and reducing wildlife
mortality.
I.119
Creating an Education & Training Network for students living in remote areas or with less than 2000
population to provide access to primary and lower secondary quality education for all
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
237
MRDPA
Taxonomic group
Habitats
Plants
Invertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals
Birds
Justification
I.120
Provide support for creating VET schools that are relevant, attractive and inclusive, and which produce
a workforce with knowledge & skills of international standard and relevance to the global demands of
the nature-based tourism and recreational fishing market
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
It is expected that such intervention may produce a long term shift in
the way the tourism is conducted in the study area, with benefits for
fish and birds communities, as well as for natural vegetation.
I.121
Enhance kindergartens and nursery services through development, support, rehabilitation and provision
of equipment to increase access to early childhood education and care (ECEC)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.122
Bring Early school leavers back to school through school after school and second chance programs
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.123
Create partnerships between employers, E&T providers and research bodies to ensure better
performance of education system in addressing labor market needs
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.124
Develop early childhood (0-6 years) institutional infrastructure in communities with high share of Roma
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.125
Scaling up school mediators in schools with high percentage of Roma
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.126
Implementing community grants for educational intervention
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.127
Facilitate regularization of property rights
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.128
Other social protection interventions
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
There is insufficient information for assessing this intervention.
I.129
SME subsidies for job placement for NEETs in relevant fields
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.130
Improve digital literacy among the Roma and vulnerable groups
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.131
Increase the access to as well as the efficiency of social service provision
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.132
Strengthening local administrative capacity for strategic planning and budgeting, decision making,
human resource management and monitoring and evaluation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.133
Identification, development and implementation of measures to increase transparency, inclusiveness,
ethics and integrity, and reduce corruption in public authorities and institutions
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I.134
Technical Assistance (TA) for ITI program management
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
This intervention is not sufficiently detailed in the DDISDS and
might overlap with other interventions. As a precaution, potential
negative impact was considered under the susceptibility that future
developments outside the existing localities limits will be supported.
I.138
Revise regulations to improve the design of household subsidies to improve affordability of services,
and a more efficient targeting and use of financial and natural resources
Improving access and quality of services provided by the judicial system
Actions intended to ensure the coordination between the public institutions dealing with the
conservation of biodiversity and the ecological reconstruction of the Danube Delta
The development and implementation of online services
I.139
Urban Renewal Interventions
I.135
I.136
I.137
238
MRDPA
4.3.5
Residual impact
Residual impact represents the consequences most probably to remain after the implementation of
avoidance and mitigation measures (A&M). At this moment the residual impact can only be broadly
estimated and to do so we considered a 100% efficiency of implementation for A&M measures.
There are two main stages to consider in order to achieve the lowest level of residual negative
impacts:


Consider the avoidance measures (re-routing or relocation to avoid high sensitive areas and
/ or resizing) in order to reduce the project magnitude and / or to avoid high sensitive areas.
Avoidance measures were proposed for all interventions susceptible to generate significant
or moderate negative impact;
Consider the available mitigation measures which might eliminate the impact or reduce it to
an acceptable level.
By applying the above considerations to the assessment results (see section 4.3.4 in this report) we
altered the scores considering that the proposed measures are fully integrated within the
interventions / projects.
The results indicates that the proposed measures have the capacity to wave all potential negative
significant impacts, to reduce considerably the rest of negative impacts and to increase the positive
effects. Here, as well, we considered mainly the long term effects of each intervention.
30
25
Summ of individual scores
20
15
10
5
-1
0
-5
-10
+3
+2
-2
-3
+1
-15
-20
Estimated impact
Residual impact
Figure no. 4-26 The estimated impact and the residual impact, after the implementation of the A&M
measures
Main focus during the implementation of DDISDS’s projects should be on the proper adaptation of
avoidance and mitigation measures. This implies, depending on the details of each project, the
identification of supplementary measures to address potentially new identified negative impacts.
239
MRDPA
The projects for which the evaluation scores were reconsidered by including the A&M measures are
presented in the following table.
Table no. 4-20 Reconsidered scores for the assessment of residual impact
Natura 2000 components
Codes of
interventions/
projects
240
Habitats Plants Invertebrates Fishes
Amphibians
and reptiles
Mammals Birds
I.12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.13
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.14
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.15
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.17
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.30
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
I.40
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
I.54
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
I.81
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
I.82
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.83
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.84
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.85
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
I.87
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I.88
-2
-1
-2
-2
-1
-1
-2
I.139
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
MRDPA
5
MEASURES TO REDUCE IMPACT ON
SPECIES AND HABITATS FROM
PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF
COMMUNITY INTEREST
5.1
AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The types of interventions/projects proposed by DDISDS will follow, in the coming years, a series
of successive steps of planning and implementation. In order to avoid and reduce the expected
impacts on the Natura 2000 species and habitats, it is necessary to consider the application of a set
of avoidance and mitigation measures. The proposed measures (Table no. 5-1) are formulated, in
many cases, in a general manner, to cover the whole variety of types of interventions / projects
proposed by DDISDS. For some of the types of interventions/ projects specific measures were also
proposed. These measures should be incorporated and detailed under each project susceptible to
generate impact on Natura 2000 components.
It should be emphasised that several interventions (e.g. water supply and sewage, waste management
facilities) that where consider having a positive impact on long term may generate minor negative
impacts during construction and operation due to improper location. For all these projects,
independent of the positive assessment, avoidance and mitigation measures should apply.
As the vision and strategic objectives of the Strategy are targeting the sustainable development of
the Study Area through scientifically-guided environmental management, the prioritisation of the
proposed interventions plays an important role (see measures M1 and M2). The prioritisation should
ensure that the scientifically base is sufficiently consolidated at the moment when the proposed
physical interventions will be implemented.
A framework for prioritisation in accordance with Strategy’s vision and objectives is presented in
Figure no. 5-1, the blue circles indicating the main criteria for a prioritisation based on scientificallyguided environmental management.
Despite the fact that the Danube Delta is the most important protected area and the largest Natura
2000 site in Romania it still lacks a complete inventory and mapping of its protected species and
habitats. As a consequence, management decisions are still based on project to project approach
with significant difficulty to assess the cumulative impacts and the effects on each species’
conservation status.
241
MRDPA
Habitat mapping
and species
inventory
Capacity for
intervention on
risk management
Pollution control
& Social aspects
(I.22, I.28)
Monitoring &
predictive
models
(I.2, I.3)
Studies &
Technical
Assistance
Management
decisions
(I.7, I.8)
Ecosystem
restoration
Physical
interventions
Transport
(I.86, I.88)
(I5, I6, I10)
Disaster risk
management
Fisheries and
aquaculture
(I.23)
(I.40, I.41)
Tourism
(I.30)
Figure no. 5-1 Proposed hierarchy for prioritisation of DDISDS interventions/projects
242
MRDPA
Table no. 5-1 Avoidance and mitigation measures proposed for DDISDS interventions/ projects related to Natura 2000 habitats and species
Component/
impact type
Measure
M1
Prioritisation
M2
M3
Technical
studies and
appropriate
assessment
I.11, I.26-I.29, I.99, I.100, I.101
I.1 – I.14, I.40, I.41, I.43, I.44, I.70
M4
I.15, I.17, I.23, I.30, I.51, I.54, I.65,
I.81 – I.88, I.139 + other
interventions based on the
established locations and authorities
decisions
M5
All interventions, particularly those addressed to biodiversity management and those containing
construction works, should include actions to address climate change adaptation.
All types of interventions/ projects
M7
M8
243
All interventions, except: emergency
situations, pollution control and
social interventions
Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the Natura 2000 sites
but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or
projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the sites in view of the sites’
conservation objectives. Appropriate assessment process should be initiated at the earliest stages of design.
M6
Avoidance
In order to be in line with the vision and strategic objectives of the DDISDS, prioritisation of interventions
should follow the next steps: 1) finalisation of habitat mapping and species inventories within Natura 2000
sites; 2) implementation of the monitoring system and of the predictive models; 3) implementation of
technical assistance and the preparation of studies to support the scientific-based decisions; 4)
implementation of physical interventions.
Interventions aiming directly the pollution control (e.g. nitrates reduction in water, floating waste,
implementation of water supply and sewage systems) should be treated with high priority.
Any intervention directly connected with or necessary to the management of the Natura 2000 sites should
be preceded by thorough scientific studies and the solutions to be implemented will be chosen after
analysing several alternatives.
Type of intervention/ projects to be
applied
The projects locations have to take in consideration the updated limits of the Natura 2000 sites, according
the last revisions, and the results of the Natura 2000 habitats and species mapping and inventory, in order to
avoid their destruction/alteration.
Reconsideration of projects/projects components locations in order to avoid location inside Natura 2000
sites, where possible, or inside areas with very high and high sensitivity. Projects for which there are no
acceptable alternatives to assure the avoidance of impacts should be subject of compensatory measures,
which should be effective before the implementation of the projects.
Types of interventions / projects for flood protection works involving structural measures (e.g. dykes,
embankments) should be strictly limited to the protection of inhabited areas (localities).
I.12, I.17, I.23, I.54, I.81, I.88
I.99, I.100, I.102, I.105
I.23, I.78
MRDPA
Component/
impact type
Measure
In order to avoid negative impacts associated to structural measures for flood protection, it is necessary to
take in consideration the implementation of non-structural measures (green infrastructure) based on the
M9
knowledge database that will be generated by the DDISDS interventions under the Biodiversity domain and
on the existing data on flooding limits.
The interventions for afforestation of agricultural and non-agricultural land in the Danube Delta region has
M10 to be done only after the identification and assessment of existing species and habitats in order not to affect
features of conservative interest. Only native species, specific to the area, has to be considered for planting.
Considering the sensitivity of the study area (biosphere reserve, Natura 2000 sites, scientific reserves,
M11 migration route etc.), the use of renewable energy sources should be restricted to small-scale projects
(mainly households, public institutions).
M12
M13
M14
Mitigation
M15
M16
244
All interventions involving buildings rehabilitation should implement first an inspection on existing birds’
nests and bats roosts and propose adequate measures to avoid disturbance, damage or killing.
All interventions involving renaturation/ reconnection of the agricultural/ fishery/ forestry polders need to
be implemented based on established solutions stemming from documented feasibility studies and the
results of the research carried out for this purpose, in order to avoid the use of lands for economic
purposes, but which have great importance from an ecological point of view (e.g., for the agricultural
polders, through revisiting agricultural subsidies and employing innovative approaches such as conservation
concessions).
The exploitation of any natural resources should be performed within the limit of their carrying capacity and
in this respect the identification of acceptable limits for exploitation should represent a study priority.
For all types of interventions/ projects that have the potential to limit the species transit or migration (e.g.
transport infrastructure, flood protection works), including rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, there has
to be identified and implemented feasible technical solutions, based on studies and adequate field
investigations, which to ensure the highest degree of permeability and avoidance of connectivity
interruption between the habitats of the conservative interest species.
All projects intersecting or located in the vicinity of reproduction habitats for birds and mammals of
conservation interest will implement measures to reduce noise and vibrations to levels which assures
applied
I.23, I.78
I.70
I.15
Interventions involving buildings
rehabilitation
I.8, I.9
I.14, I.15, I.52
I.15, I.23, I.40, I.54, I.81-I.84, I.85,
I.87
Transport projects
MRDPA
Component/
impact type
Measure
M17
M18
M19
M20
M21
M22
M23
Monitoring
M24
disturbance avoidance.
All interventions on banks of water bodies will be carried out so as to preserve or recreate spawning
grounds for fish and amphibians.
In the case of the interventions for irrigations and flood protection, it is preferable to rehabilitate existing
infrastructure, construction of new ones being the last option.
Development and modernization of airport infrastructure has to be performed based on thorough
assessment of birds’ activity, taking in consideration a much larger area than the project location due to the
large distance on which disturbance of birds activity may appear.
It is recommended to implement a work schedule which aims to plan the execution time of the works, for
all types of interventions / projects involving constructions within or in the immediate vicinity of Natura
2000 habitats and Natura 2000 species habitats, so they would not affect critical areas31 for species of
community interest (e.g. to avoid working in the breeding / nesting months of bird species, the hibernation
/ reproduction months of some small mammals, during the months when amphibians lay eggs, during fish
spawning period etc.).
The interventions in agriculture should be conditioned by the implementation of a minimum set of
ecological agricultural principles (e.g. use of natural fertilizers, non-use of genetically modified organisms,
non-use of antibiotic in livestock, etc.).
All proposed projects/types of intervention has to include measures for avoiding installation of invasive
species, as well as their monitoring and control during the project lifetime.
For all projects/types of interventions that propose construction works (except of the ecological
reconstruction works), it is recommended (where possible) to avoid the use of natural resources from inside
natural protected areas.
For all projects with potential negative impacts on Natura 2000 habitats and species it is necessary to
implement multiannual monitoring programmes in order to assess residual impact, as well as the success of
applied
I.23, I.78, I.85, I.88
I.23, I.65
I.86
that involve construction works
Agriculture interventions
that involve physical interventions
The critical areas for species of community interest mean: areas of shelter, hibernation, reproduction, feeding, nesting, which are found within habitats with high favorability for species
under conservation in the Natura 2000 site.
31
245
MRDPA
Component/
impact type
Measure
the implemented avoidance/mitigation/compensatory measures.
246
applied
with potential negative impacts
MRDPA
5.2 MONITORING
At the project phase, monitoring should focus both on impacts and on the efficiency of avoidance
and mitigation measures. However, on the scale of the Study area, considering potential cumulative
impacts with other activities the focus should be on impacts (positive and negative changes for each
habitat and species of community interest).
The monitoring system should be:

Efficient (few and relevant indicators);

Well correlated with existing monitoring programs for related plans and programs, the most
important in this case being the monitoring set for Large Infrastructure Operational Programme;

Well correlated with the management plans for Natura 2000 sites in the study area. The most
relevant parameters for assessing the conservation status of Natura 2000 habitats and species are
related to the habitat quality and coverage and populations size. One of the most difficult task in
assessing the conservation status is the quantification of impacts on habitats and populations of
the existing pressures and potential threats.
Considering all the above, it is advisable that the monitoring program will be oriented towards
providing quantitative information on changes in habitats quality and populations size. The
proposed indicators are presented in Table no. 5-2.
Table no. 5-2 Monitoring indicators proposed for DDISDS
No.
Indicator
Habitat loss. Surfaces of Natura 2000 habitats/
habitats of species of community interest inside Natura
1.
2000 sites, irreversibly affected as a result of the
DDISDS interventions/ projects implementation*
Habitat alteration. Surfaces of Natura 2000 habitats/
habitats of species of community interest inside Natura
2.
2000 sites, reversibly affected as a result of the
DDISDS interventions/ projects construction*
Disturbance. Surfaces of habitats of species of
community interest inside Natura 2000 sites, affected
3.
by one or more disturbing factors (e.g. human
presence, noise) as a result of the DDISDS
interventions/ projects implementation*
Mortality. Mortality of community interest fauna
4.
species, as a result of the DDISDS types of
interventions/ projects construction and operation.
Connectivity. Assessment of the success of measures
for avoidance of the ecological connectivity
5.
interruption (structures for permeability, lateral
connectivity and longitudinal connectivity assurance).
Habitat enhancement. Increased habitats surfaces for
6.
species of community interest as a result of
247
Target
These surfaces should be insignificant at the
level of each Natura 2000 habitat/ habitat
of species of community interest which are
subject of conservation in each potentially
affected Natura 2000 site
“0” mortality
As close to the situation established in the
analysis regarding the baseline conditions at
the project phase
In an ideal situation, it is expected that:
Habitat enhancement (ha) + Compensatory
MRDPA
No.
Indicator
Target
interventions aimed at reducing the anthropic pressures measures (if any) (ha) > Habitat loss (ha) +
and ecological restoration. To be based on the Habitat alteration (ha) + Disturbance (ha).
confirmation of species presence and activity outside
existing habitats.
* It will be performed based on data collected for each species and each habitat type potentially affected, for all projects
with potential negative impact on Natura 2000 species and habitats, through Danube Delta CDA – ITI or other
institutions with attributions in the field.
Remote sensing techniques (with various satellite platforms) and the use of GIS techniques are two
important tools that can be applied successfully for monitoring the indicators mentioned above,
respectively for providing quantitative information on changes in habitats quality and populations
size, during DDISDS implementation.
Remote sensing techniques allows for an impressive suite of wildlife ecology and habitat attributes
to be modeled, predicted, and monitored through time, including land cover physiognomy,
vegetation structure and condition, specific nutrient concentrations, overall productivity, and
biomass etc. Based on these attributes, information on the distribution of shelter, shade, and nesting
resources for wildlife, as well as potential to meet their metabolic needs, can be assessed 32.
Remote sensing is still relatively new, as a data source and analysis tool, and its data are often not
well known and improperly handled. However, in the few decades that the data have been available,
solid synthesis applications have emerged. For example, land-cover and change-detection analyses
are two instances of remote sensing products that have become widely accepted in the various user
communities. Thus, is expected that the linkages between ecologists and remote sensing scientists
will be improved by addressing gaps in understanding through the establishment of widely accepted
standards.
There are several articles, along the time, that confirm the usefulness of remote sensing techniques
and GIS tool in ecosystem management. A relevant study in Danube Delta, which reveals the
importance of using satellite information in the knowledge of those elements and processes of
geographic reality is “Utilizarea informaţiei satelitare în studiile de fundamentare a proiectelor de
cooperare transfrontalieră în bazinul inferior al Dunării”, 2003, and is presenting several sectors
where the use of satellite images and maps can be successfully achieved to address existing and
future problems:
Space surveillance supply (of rain and snow), of drainage system and particularly of the flash
floods and floods;
Lakes surveillance;
River pollution sightings, meaning detection and prosecution of pollutant substances;
Tracking transboundary air pollution;
Critical Remote Sensing Contributions to Spatial Wildlife Ecological Knowledge and Management, 2009, Gregory J.
McDermid , Nicholas C. Coops , Michael A. Wulder , Steven E. Franklin , and Nicole E. Seitz
32
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Morphohydrographic mapping mutations related to the evolution of meanders and islands,
of the lakes, ponds and brooks evolution from the floodplain and delta, of deltaic shoreline
evolution, can be based on records from space;
Monitoring of the existing protected areas;
Observation and mapping of crops, grassland, reeds and forests;
Monitoring traffic on the Danube or Sulina Channel.
Moreover, in the Needs Assessment Report, elaborated by the World Bank for shaping DDISDS,
the use of the satellite images is also mentioned in the analysis of urban heat islands from the study
area. They were determined based on satellite images provided by the USGS, processed and mapped
using GIS techniques.
Thus, we can conclude that the remote sensing, as well as GIS techniques, should be used in many
of the interventions proposed within the DDISDS (sectors as Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Management, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Transport etc.), but especially in the case of those
susceptible to generate loss or alterations of the Natura 2000 habitats/ habitats of species of
community interest inside Natura 2000, as well as in the case of the interventions which will lead to
the enhancement/ restoration of the habitats of species of conservation interest.
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6 METHODS
USED
TO
COLLECT
INFORMATION
ON
POTENTIALLY
AFFECTED SPECIES OF COMMUNITY
INTEREST
6.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Due to the territorial extension of the analyzed DDISDS (Danube Delta Region: DDBR and its
surrounding areas), the strategic level of the assessment approach, as well as the fact that most types
of interventions/ projects are in an incipient stage of development (indicative routes/ locations), we
mention the following critical issues that were taken into account in this study:
This study did not involve field activities in order to gather information on potentially affected
habitats and species of community interest. Information and relevant data were based on public
information known until this moment (listed in Chapter 1 - General information), meetings
organized both with the elaborators of the DDISDS (World Bank Group) and with key
stakeholders from the DDISDS implementation area (primarily institutions such as the Tulcea
County Council, Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority (DDBRA), Danube Delta National
Institute for Research and Development (DDNIRD), Environmental Protection Agencies,
Department of Public Health, Department of Statistics, etc.);
The analysis included only those geospatial resources that cover uniform and fully the study area
(e.g. boundaries of protected natural areas of community interest, land use - CLC etc.);
The analysis took into consideration the information contained in the management plans
approved so far, namely “Măcin Mountains National Park, ROSCI0123 Munţii Măcin and
ROSPA0073 Măcin-Niculiţel Integrated Management Plan” aimed at only 2 of the 20 Natura
2000 sites present in the study area. For the most part of the Natura 2000 sites in the study area
(18 of 20 Natura 2000 sites), Management Plans are not available at this time of the assessment;
All information regarding the presence, population, pressures identified in the Natura 2000 sites
in the study area, were extracted exclusively from the Natura 2000 sites factsheets, based on the
assumption that the data contained within them (updated in accordance with Decision
2011/484/EU concerning a site information format for Natura 2000 sites and published on the
MEWF website on February 17, 201533) are complete, actual and sufficient to conduct the
evaluation;
The impact assessment was performed for those types of interventions/projects with a specific
location, based on GIS analysis, quantifying the areas of Natura 2000 sites in the study area that
could be affected by the proposed types of interventions / projects (distances and impact
33
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surfaces were calculated based on Euclidean distance, without taking into account the digital
terrain model). For other types of projects, those with approximate/ incomplete location and
those for which no information is known about their location, impact assessment was based on
the scoring system described in Section 4.3.1 (Table no. 4-19), the estimation of the magnitude
of impact and the sensitivity of the area being based mainly on data and information from the
literature, as well as on expert opinion;
Information regarding the lists of potentially affected species and habitat due to the
implementation of the DDISDS types of interventions / projects, relied solely on Romania’s
reporting to the European Union under Article 12 of the Birds Directive and Article 17 of the
Habitats Directive, which aim habitat mapping and species inventory from the Natura 2000
sites, available in SHP format34, based on the assumption that the data contained in them are
complete, actual and sufficient to conduct the assessment.
6.2 LIMITATIONS
This Appropriate Assessment study was developed in accordance to the best practices that can be
applied at this strategic level, our desire being to achieve a more precise estimation of the main
potential forms of impacts on the Natura 2000 network from the Danube Delta Region.
Considering the multitude of assumptions and uncertainties and taking into account the available
resources and information, the target that we set it may be considered too pretentious. Given these
issues, we consider it necessary to mention that the results of this study should be interpreted with
caution, representing only “a first overview” of the potential impact generated by the types of
interventions/projects proposed under DDISDS on the network Natura 2000 sites and not a
thorough evaluation of each type of habitat and each species of community interest in the study
area. We believe that this analysis will be performed at the level of individual studies developed for
each type of intervention/project, our study serving to indicate the necessity to conduct subsequent
appropriate assessment studies at the individual project level, namely to guide future assessments,
for those projects/types of interventions that are likely to have a potentially negative impact on
Natura 2000 sites, and not to provide details on the specific impact of each type of
intervention/project.
The main limitations of this study relate primarily to the GIS analysis, but not only, consisting of:
 The activities concerning the inventory, mapping and assessment of the conservation status
of habitats and species of community interest is still ongoing. For example, according to
“Măcin Mountains National Park, ROSCI0123 Munţii Măcin and ROSPA0073 MăcinNiculiţel Integrated Management Plan” these inventory, mapping and evaluation activities
have been completed, but those of the “Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve management
plan” are still ongoing;
34http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_12/reference_portal,
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 The only geospatial datasets on the range and distribution of habitats and species of
community interest are Romania’s reports to the European Union under Article 12 of the
Birds Directive and Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, which cover the entire study area,
being available only in 10 x 10 km grids;
 Not all of the proposed interventions/projects have been spatially located as a result of the
unavailability of their locations at the time of the assessment. For some of them, for that
indicative locations/routes were not provided, spatial location was performed through
digitization using Google Earth Pro satellite images, according to the information available
in the project title (approximate/incomplete location: “approximate” in the case of WSS
and IWM projects for which the limit of the land into the build-up area was considered in
the analysis, namely “incomplete” for projects like “Improving fish habitat” from the
“Fisheries and Aquaculture” sector, where only 2 lakes are included in the first phase, after
which a series of interventions on other lakes will be identified, which locations are not
mentioned in this phase). Thus, most of the sites/routes are likely to suffer significant
changes in the future. On the other hand, we note that there is another category of projects
for which localization was not possible using satellite images (no information about their
location) that were not included in the analysis and their inclusion could lead to a different
result of DDISDS impact on the national network of Natura 2000 sites;
 The assessment of the sensitivity of the areas within Danube Delta Region was achieved
through considering five sensitivity classes common to all taxonomic groups (listed in
Section 4.2). The chosen method, represents the best approach (in the absence of Natura
2000 species inventory and habitat mapping) used to provide a wider picture about the
impacts of the implementation of the types of interventions/projects proposed under
DDISDS on the national network of Natura 2000 sites, but it cannot capture the
importance of the sites territories for each type of habitat and each species of
community interest. Such an analysis can be achieved only at the level of a site or a project;
 GIS analysis was based on using standard dimensions of the projects (e.g. all county roads
were considered to have the same width) and of the impact distances (e.g. for all road
projects were considered that noise affects an area of 700 m calculated from the center of
the road). It is obvious that such an approach can cause overestimation in some cases and
underestimation in other cases of the generated impact.
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7 CONCLUSIONS
DDISDS is a long-awaited strategy having the capacity to assure that the development of Danube
Delta area will be built on solid foundation, by conserving the natural capital. DDISDS has several
ambitious interventions aiming to restore the natural processes on several transformed areas, to
reduce pollution and to identify and reduce other existing pressures on wildlife. However, the
Strategy contains also a set of interventions susceptible to generate significant negative effects on
Natura 2000 components.
This report propose a simple methodology for identification and assessment of impacts in
accordance with the Strategy level of details and the available information on the presence and
conservation status of Natura 2000 habitats and species.
Though GIS was used as a supporting tool for the assessment, the early stages of development for
most of the Strategy projects do not allow proper quantification of impacts. For conducting the
assessment, the types of interventions/ projects were classified by their location and the possibility
of spatial delimitation for the related impact areas in 5 categories: Type A (90 types of
interventions / projects) - projects for which the location is not relevant for analysis, Type B (24
types of intervetions / projects) - projects that are relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but no
information is yet available on their location, Type C (15 types of intervetions / projects) projects that are relevant to the analysis (by their nature), but not enough information is available
about their location (approximate/ incomplete location), Type D (4 types of intervetions /
projects) - projects with a specific location but the area of impact cannot be clearly defined, Type
E (6 types of intervetions / projects) - projects with a specific location, for which a clear
delimitation of the area of impact can be defined.
Most of the projects are intersecting or placed inside existing Natura 2000 sites. At least for the E
type projects it was estimated that a number of 15 types of habitats, 6 species of plants, 13 of
invertebrates, 19 of fish, 12 of amphibians, 9 of reptiles, 25 of mammals and 45 of birds of
community interest, may be affected by the implementation of the proposed projects. Among these,
3 species of fish (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Acipenser stellatus and Huso huso) are listed as CR (Critically
Endangered) and 1 species of birds (Falco cherrug) is listed as EN (Endangered) on the IUCN Red
List.
Interventions which are most likely to generate negative effects are represented by projects
proposing construction works (transportation, flood risk management, channels rehabilitation, ports
rehabilitation or rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure). The significant negative effects are
registred for the taxonomical groups: habitats/ vegetation, fish and birds. Habitats are likely to be
the most affected Natura 2000 component considering the transportation projects, the rehabilitation
of ports and the rehabilitation of Sulina Channel.
Fishes are the taxonomic group that accumulate the most positive effects (approx. 23.7 % of the
total assessment scores), given especially the interventions from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Management and Fisheries and Aquaculture sectors (eg. I.5 Equipment and operating costs for
physical interventions to restore natural water circulation and key habitat areas, respectively I.44
Improve fish habitat), which influences directly the aquatic ecosystems.
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All interventions aiming to restore water circulation, natural ecosystems and habitats are of great
importance for the study area and are most likely to generate significant benefits for most of the
Natura 2000 components. However, it should be emphasise that even these interventions can
generate impact on protected aquatic species (particularly species with low mobility) which should
be addressed by proper avoidance and mitigation measures and that the success of these projects
should preferably not be based on constructive solutions requiring continuous human intervention
(e.g. installation of stop locks for sedimentation reduction).
The overall results of the assessment indicate that the positive effects generated by the proposed
interventions/ projects of DDISDS are of 57 %, while the total of negative effects is of 43 %. The
positive effects are mostly associated with the interventions from Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Management, Pollution Emergency, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Agriculture and Rural Development
(ARD), Water supply and sanitation (WSS) and integrated water management (IWM), Waste
Management and Education sectors, while the negative effects are associated with the interventions
from Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management (I.12 – I.14), Energy Efficiency (I.15 and I.17),
Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Tourism, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Agriculture and Rural
Development (ARD), Transport and other (I.139 Urban Renewal Interventions) sectors.
Types of intervetions / projects susceptible to generate significant negative effects are:

I.81 Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanţa – Tulcea – Măcin – Brăila, including the
construction of a bridge over Danube at Brăila;

I.88 Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina Channel.
Of the above mentioned types of intervetions / projects only the modernisation of Sulina Channel it
may be able to generate long distance effects which cannot be correctly estimated at this time due to
the lack of projects’ details (a new feasibility study will be elaborated). Also, for the implementation
of the project for Sulina Channel rehabilitations was suggested, along several proposed measures, to
include solutions to avoid long term and long distance effects, to avoid habitat loss and to reduce to
minimum extent the alteration of fish habitats.
The project which may generate cumulative impacts with existing activities or proposed plans and
projects are represented by: all transport interventions; interventions for flood risk management;
modernization of Tulcea, Sulina, Macin, Isaccea, Mahmudia and Chilia ports; rehabilitation and
modernization of the Sulina Channel. Whithout the implementation of some appropriate avoidance
and mitigation measures, these projects (see section 2.11) may generate moderate to significant
impacts in areas where several other pressures already exist (see section 4.1). DDISDS projects
mentioned above have to implement adequate measures at the project level, based on the
appropriate assessments studies, in order to avoid and mitigate potential impacts on Natura 2000
components. Such measures should avoid potential cumulative impacts generated by the
implementation of the Strategy.
In order to avoid and reduce the expected impacts on the Natura 2000 species and habitats, a set of
24 avoidance and mitigation measures were proposed. Their aim is to eliminate the significant
negative impacts, as well as to reduce other negative impacts.
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Probably the most import measure, to assure the vision of DDISDS is applied, is the
prioritisation of types of interventions/ projects. No physical intervention should be started in
the absence of sufficient knowledge on Natura 2000 components distribution and assessment of
conservation status, in the absence of a predictive model for water and sediment flow or without
knowing the carrying capacity of ecosystems and their main resources (fish, reed, water availability).
Any significant impact has the potential to affect the conservation status of Natura 2000 habitats
and species. In order to assure that all impacts are adequate avoided and mitigates, a monitoring
program based on 6 indicators, which should be well correlated with the management plans for
Natura 2000 sites in the study area and well correlated with existing monitoring programs for related
plans and programs, was proposed for the DDISDS.
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288. ***Gâştescu, P., Ţuchiu, E., „The Danube river in the lower sector in two hidrologycal
hypostases – high and low waters”;
272
MRDPA
289. ***Institutul Naţional de Cercetare – Dezvoltare pentru Geologie si Geoecologie Marină –
GEOECOMAR, Raport final, „Mãrile sud-europene: evaluarea şi modelarea schimbărilor
ecosistemice (Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem changes SESAME)”, Bucureşti, 2009;
290. ***Ivan, O., Cultural change in a fishing village in the Danube Delta: the consequences of
environmental protecion and tourism”, PhD thesis - Summary, School of Anthropology and
Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K. Department of Sociology and Social Work,
Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, RO;
291. *** Loghin V., Utilizarea informaţiei satelitare în studiile de fundamentare a proiectelor de
cooperare transfrontalieră în bazinul inferior al Dunării, p. 296 – 302, publicat în: Forum
Geografic – Studii şi cercetări de geografie şi protecţia mediului Anul 2, Nr. 2, Anul 2003;
292. ***National Institute for Research and Development Danube Delta, National Institute for
Research and Developmennt for Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Environment and
Forests, november 2010, Reassessment of current functional zones of Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve and management proposals of the core areas in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve,
Contract of services no. 2489 of 05.02.2010 (I.N.C.D.D.D. no. 413 / 2010), phase I: Evaluation
of the current ecological status of the wild species and natural habitats of conservative interest
from DDBR and the analysis of trends for 1990 - 2008, Danube Parks, South East Europe,
Programme co-funded by the European Union;
293. ***National Institute for Research and Development Danube Delta, National Institute for
Research and Developmennt for Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Environment and
Forests, november 2010, Reassessment of current functional zones of Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve and management proposals of the core areas in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve,
Contract of services no. 2489 of 05.02.2010 (I.N.C.D.D.D. no. 413 / 2010), phase I: Evaluation
of the current ecological status of the wild species and natural habitats of conservative interest
from DDBR and the analysis of trends for 1990 - 2008, Danube Parks, South East Europe,
Programme co-funded by the European Union;
294. ***Nesterenko, M., Dyakov, O., Drumea, D., Doroftei, M., Climate Change Adaptation
Strategy and Action Plan for Danube Delta Region – Romania – Ukraine – Moldova. Adapting
to change, WWF Danube Carpathian Programme - Ukraine, Center for Regional Studies Ukraine, Ecospectr NGO - Moldova, (Danube Delta National Institute for Research and
Development, Romania;
295. ***Propuneri de exploatare a resurselor pescăreşti din RBDD în anul 2010, ARBDD;
296. ***WWF, Delta Dunării - Una dintre „perlele naturii” din Europa, Studiu de caz.
273
MRDPA
AA_Study_DDISDS_Rev05
Annex no. I – List of types of interventions/ projects proposed for implementation within the Danube Delta Integrated
Sustainable Development Strategy (2030) (in accordance with the color codes of the matrix used to assess the significance
of the potential effects - Table no. 4-2)
Pillar
Sector
No. of type of
intervetions/
project
I.1
1
Pillar I
I.2
I.3
I.4
I.5
I.6
I.7
I.8
I.9
I.10
I.11
I.12
I.13
I.14
Development and implementation of measures to reduce waste in natural areas.
Border demarcation and signage of strictly protected areas and buffer areas, sport fishing areas, touristic routes, camping, parking
areas, etc. and development and implementation of a monitoring and information system, incl. technology such as motionactivated cameras, watchtowers, etc.
Improve evidence-based management by developing and implementing a modern/efficient monitoring system and predictive
model for sedimentation dynamics in the Danube Delta
An in-depth institutional analysis (functional review) of DDBRA and the associated administrative reforms with the aim of
improving its managerial performances, and the legislative framework governing the management of DDBR area to allow local
residents to become active participants in guarding and managing the natural resource. Capacity building measures for the
communities and DDBRA.
Equipment and operating costs for physical interventions to restore natural water circulation and key habitat areas.
Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000” network for species of European conservation
concern, together with development of an integrated monitoring system covering the whole DD area (including cross-border
Studies and TA for biodiversity conservation and restoration of ecosystems and natural habitats within “Natura 2000” network
affected by anthropic impacts.
Identify additional poldered areas eligible for ecological restoration. This will include feasibility studies and technical projects for
the restoration of natural habitats affected by non-ecological activities in agricultural, fishery and forestry polders - integral or
partial ecological restoration works
Natural capital accounting studies to determine the highest value uses of land and natural resources for optimal management.
Investments to support local action to reduce nitrate pollution of the waterways from agricultural and livestock rearing activities.
Development of an International Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta – Black Sea for biodiversity preservation
Integrated pest management – develop and implement an integrated pest management strategy for mosquitoes.
MRDPA
Sector
2
Tourism
Pillar II
Pollution
Emergency
Disaster Risk
Management
(DRM)
Climate
Change (CC)
Energy Efficiency
Pillar
No. of type of
intervetions/
project
I.15
Promoting the use of renewable energy sources. Investments in pilot projects promoting the use of renewable energy sources
(wind, solar energy, heat pumps, biomass, micro-hydro etc.) and non-pollutant technologies, including the development and
introduction of environmentally friendly propulsion systems in the Delta.
I.16
Improving the energy efficiency of public buildings (schools, hospitals, administrative buildings, etc.)
I.17
Extending and improving the energy efficiency of public lighting
I.18
Support for improving energy efficiency of households
I.21
I.22
Create a CC partnership platform, including a community-driven climate adaptation fund targeted at low income families; a
micro grant or loan mechanism to support SMEs; and a partnership facility to promote private - public collaboration for
innovative climate actions.
Designate a unit with a clear mandate to address climate change issues, with a small number of dedicated and knowledgeable
staff, and capable of working cross-sector.
Develop clear and easy to use local guidelines for climate change and energy efficiency programs.
Provision of special machinery and equipment for interventions by IES and SMURD in disaster situations
I.23
I.19
I.20
I.24
I.25
I.26
I.27
I.28
I.29
I.30
I.31
I.32
I.33
Modernization, rehabilitation and construction of Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IES) infrastructure facilities in
TULCEA + Macin + Crişan + Babadag + Topolog
Create and maintain an inter-institutional risk factor database
Complete coherent and comprehensive pollution emergency response and prevention plans, covering both water and land, and
both mobile and fixed sources of pollution
Create an inter-institutional Pollution Emergency Response Team
Purchase of equipment to enable the first response team to quickly access pollution incident sites in the Core Delta
Create and maintain an inter-institutional environmental liability data-base for data sharing and better coordination across
agencies
Development and Installation of Visitor Infrastructure
Institutionalization of a Danube Delta Destination Management Organization (DMO)
Design and implementation of a destination-wide program for product and attraction development
Support mechanism for innovative and sustainable nature-based tourism MSMEs & social tourism enterprises for green local
MRDPA
Pillar
Sector
No. of type of
intervetions/
project
economy
I.34
I.35
I.36
I.37
I.38
I.39
I.40
I.41
I.53
Program for improved quality of accommodation facilities and services
Cultural heritage interventions (rehabilitation, preservation, etc.)
Development of a destination interpretation (learning) program.
Develop and roll out program for emergency and first aid for tourism workers, service providers
Develop a specialized tourism research observatory
Support transition from commercial to recreational fishing (Improve ecotourism venues to accommodate the needs of
recreational fishers; Promote and provide training in sustainable recreational fishing (catch-and-release fishing etc.)
Support artificial reproduction of valuable species like pike and zander and construct simple landing facilities in places of fisher
concentrations
Regulate or eliminate uncontrolled fish camping
Consider some tax incentives, like the elimination of the water tax
Improve fisheries data collection and analysis
Replace or modify cherhana based system
Strengthen analytical capacity at DDNRI
Improve fisheries research and development activities in research institutes, public institutions and fishermen associations.
Improve Aquaculture
Support small scale fish processing. Diversify home and village level fish processing by introducing small scale canning units (for
Gibel carp and other low value fish like roach and bream) and improve smoking systems (small electric smokers); mainly to
produce delicacies to visiting tourists.
Modernization of facilities for collection / processing / marketing of agricultural produce
I.54
Modernization of rural infrastructure (water, sanitation, roads, schools, etc)
I.55
Jobs creation
Fishery and Aquaculture
I.42
I.43
I.44
I.45
I.46
I.47
I.48
I.49
I.50
I.51
Agricultu
re and
Rural
Develop
ment
(ARD)
I.52
3
MRDPA
Pillar
4
Sector
No. of type of
intervetions/
project
I.56
Protection and improvement of natural resources (soil, water)
I.57
Completion of land restitution and land book registration for land/farms consolidation
I.58
Support for environment-friendly agricultural activities within Natura 2000 sites
I.59
Enlarge the access to vocational education for agriculture
I.60
Modernization of quality control systems for agricultural products
I.61
Improved information on local and European financing, including projects preparation
I.62
Improvement of Advisory/consulting and training activity for farmers / rural labor
I.63
Fostering organic farming activities
I.64
I.65
I.66
I.67
I.68
I.69
I.70
I.71
I.72
I.73
I.74
I.75
I.76
I.77
I.78
I.79
Take-up of farming activities by young generations
Modernization/rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure
Consolidation and modernization of small farms
Creation of small businesses outside agriculture
Modernization of technical endowment of farms
Bottom-up initiatives for local development
Afforestation of agricultural and non-agricultural land in the Danube Delta region
Conservation of local patrimony and traditions (including handicrafts)
Release of land through concessions by Tulcea County Council
Exit of old farmers and transfer of assets
Foster establishment of producer groups/organizations
Stimulate creation of short supply chains for the benefit of tourism activities
Support branding/certification of agricultural products and their marketing on international markets
Provide incentives to maintain agricultural activities in core Delta
Support rehabilitation of flood protection infrastructure
Enable participation of farmers and processors to risk management tools
MRDPA
Pillar
Sector
No. of type of
intervetions/
project
I.80
Transport
I.81
I.82
I.83
I.84
I.85
I.86
Information and Communication
Technology (ICT)
I.88
I.89
I.90
I.91
I.92
I.93
I.94
I.95
I.96
I.97
I.98
Water
Pillar
IV
supply
and
sanitatio
n (WSS)
and
integrate
d water
manage
ment
(IWM)
Pillar III
I.87
I.99
5
Educational infrastructure upgrade (especially for primary and secondary education)
Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanța - Tulcea - Macin – Braila, including the construction of a bridge over Danube
at Brăila
Development and modernization of airport infrastructure
Internet / ultra-fast internet for green tourism
Improvement of e-government services and local public monitoring systems
Support of ICT for businesses through e-portal and grant facility
Formulating and implementing open data policies
Increasing vertical integration of ICT innovation solutions in the local economy.
Increasing private investments in RDI and encouraging the demand for RDI.
Increasing knowledge, technology and staff transfer with RDI skills by means of partnerships between private and research
environment.
Increasing the excellence of scientific basis as engine for innovation, by developing RD infrastructure.
Increasing the involvement in EU level research by unlocking the excellence potential in RDI, such as within the framework
program Horizon 2020 and by attracting talents and advanced skills to the RDI national system.
Developing ITC infrastructure and systems and digital skills to support education, health, online culture and digital inclusion
Projects in areas with > 2000 Population equivalent
MRDPA
Sector
Waste
Management
Pillar
No. of type of
intervetions/
project
I.100
Projects in areas with < 2000 Population equivalent
I.101
Collection of Floating Waste in River Channels
Investments in WM Systems for Handling Separated Waste (waste separation at source, collection, sorting and transportation
facilities).
Public education and awareness program on waste management
Composting bins for rural households to process the biodegradable waste
Investments in treatment and disposal facilities for construction and demolition waste
Recovering waste collected from households and economic agents
Consolidate the response capacity of Public Health Directorate (PHD) by designing and implementing an environmental health
surveillance system
Rehabilitation/modernization of facilities, and IT equipment
Modernization and equipment, and organize a functional building block at Tulcea Emergency Hospital (including for integrated
ambulatory department), and for Macin Hospital
Rehabilitation /transformation of TB pavilion at Tulcea Emergency Hospital to a social accommodation center (residential care
shelter)
Ensure interoperability of medical information systems at health care level (telemedicine and e-health)
Reforms to increase cost-effectiveness of sector governance/management (hospital payment mechanism to incentivize public
ambulatory, family doctor, and telemedicine systems)
Information, education and communication campaigns on healthy and hygienic environment
Ambulances for emergency care and rehabilitation civil works
Provide area specific training for medical professionals
Increase the prevalence of health programs focused on prevention and screening
Provision of relevant, accessible and incentivized LLL programmes in sustainable tourism, agriculture and fishery in Community
Centers for Permanent Learning
Creating an Education & Training Network for students living in remote areas or with less than 2000 population to provide
access to primary and lower secondary quality education for all
Provide support for creating VET schools that are relevant, attractive and inclusive, and which produce a workforce with
I.102
I.103
I.104
I.105
I.106
I.107
I.108
Healthcare
I.109
I.110
I.111
I.112
I.113
Education
I.114
I.115
I.116
I.117
6
I.118
I.119
I.120
MRDPA
Pillar
Sector
No. of type of
intervetions/
project
I.121
I.122
7
Administrative Capacity and
Program Management
Others
Others
Pillar V
Social Inclusion and
Protection
I.123
I.124
I.125
I.126
I.127
I.128
I.129
I.130
I.131
knowledge & skills of international standard and relevance to the global demands of the nature-based tourism and recreational
fishing market
Enhance kindergartens and nursery services through development, support, rehabilitation and provision of equipment to
increase access to early childhood education and care (ECEC)
Bring Early school leavers back to school through school after school and second chance programs
Create partnerships between employers, E&T providers and research bodies to ensure better performance of education system
in addressing labor market needs
Develop early childhood (0-6 years) institutional infrastructure in communities with high share of Roma
Scaling up school mediators in schools with high percentage of Roma
Implementing community grants for educational intervention
Facilitate regularization of property rights
Other social protection interventions
SME subsidies for job placement for NEETs in relevant fields
Improve digital literacy among the Roma and vulnerable groups
Increase the access to as well as the efficiency of social service provision
I.132
Strengthening local administrative capacity for strategic planning and budgeting, decision making, human resource management
and monitoring and evaluation
I.133
Identification, development and implementation of measures to increase transparency, inclusiveness, ethics and integrity, and
reduce corruption in public authorities and institutions
I.134
I.138
Technical Assistance (TA) for ITI program management
Revise regulations to improve the design of household subsidies to improve affordability of services, and a more efficient
targeting and use of financial and natural resources
Improving access and quality of services provided by the judicial system
Actions intended to ensure the coordination between the public institutions dealing with the conservation of biodiversity and the
ecological reconstruction of the Danube Delta
The development and implementation of online services
I.139
Urban Renewal Interventions
I.135
I.136
I.137
MRDPA
Legend colors:
Red - Significant negative impact;
Orange - Moderate negative impact;
Yellow – Low negative impact;
Blue - No effect can be identified (! It doesn’t necessarily mean that they don’t exist);
Light green - Low positive impact;
Fresh green - Moderate positive impact;
Dark green - Significant positive impact;
No color associated - the intervention has been analyzed in a way or another, being included in other interventions already evaluated (see Table no. 4-19);
Red text - There is insufficient information for assessing this intervention.
8
MRDPA
Annex no. II – Correlation of ITI project fiches (structured according to the funding Operational Programmes) with the
types of interventions / projects proposed for implementation within Danube Delta Integrated Sustainable Development
Strategy (2030)
9
No.
Operational
programme
Project name
Correlation with types of interventions / projects
1
ROP
Supporting energy efficiency, smart energy management and renewable
energy use in public infrastructures and in the housing sector in the
Danube Delta ADI-ITI territory
I.15., I.16., I.17
2
ROP
3
ROP
4
ROP
5
ROP
6
ROP
7
ROP
8
ROP
9
ROP
10
ROP
Improving thermal and hidrotechnical efficiency of the „Danube Delta”
Ecotourism Museum Center building
Improving thermal efficiency and modernization of the Tulcea County
Council building link.
Improving the energy efficiency of the "Panait Cerna" County Library by
installing solar panels.
Rehabilitation and improving energy efficiency of the „Jean Bart“
Cultural Center and the School of Popular Arts and Crafts Tulcea
Valorification of archaeological and historical heritage from Northern
Dobrogea by rehabilitating the Museum of History and Archaeology
Thermal efficiency, rehabilitation and modernization of School no. 14
Tulcea
Promoting strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions for all types of
territories, in particular urban areas, including promoting sustainable
urban mobility plans and relevant measures to mitigate adjustments on
ITI Danube Delta territory
Increased mobility within the ITI Danube Delta territory, to promote the
delta region as touristic destination, to protect and to enhance the living
standards of the inhabitants and the green development of the local
economy.
Preserve, protect, promote and develop natural and cultural heritage on
the territory of the ADI-ITI Danube Delta
I.16
I.16
I.16
I.16
I.16
I.16
I.19
I.19
I.34, I.36
Observations
MRDPA
10
No.
Operational
programme
11
ROP
12
ROP
13
ROP
14
ROP
15
ROP
16
ROP
17
ROP
18
ROP
19
ROP
20
ROP
21
ROP
22
ROP
23
ROP
24
ROP
Project name
Valorification of the archaeological heritage by creating the Ibida-Slava
Cercheza archaeological park, Tulcea County
Valorification of the historical heritage through restoration and
preservation of historic objective Proslavita fortress, Tulcea county
Valorification of the historical heritage through restoration and
conservation of the historical objective Sulina Old Lighthouse, Tulcea
County
Restoration and valorification of Histria fortress
Improving urban environment by reviving the cities from the ITI
Danube Delta territory
Creating secondary routes to Eurovelorut 6 in Tulcea County (Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve and adjacent areas)
Modernization of regional transport infrastructure on Enisala –Babadag Slava Rusa route
Modernization of regional transport infrastructure on Niculitel Sarichioi, DJ229
Modernization of regional transport infrastructure on Tulcea – Chilia
Veche route
Modernization of regional transport infrastructure on Corbu – Sacele –
Istria - Mihai Viteazu route
Modernization of regional transport infrastructure on Cetatea Histria DN22/ Tariverde route
Diversification of local economies through sustainable tourism
development
Health and social infrastructure development in the ITI Danube Delta
territory
Upgrading, rehabilitation and endowment of the health infrastructure in
Tulcea County Emergency Hospital and in the public ambulatoy centers
from the towns of Tulcea County
Observations
I.36
I.36
I.36
I.36
I.139
I.30
I.87
I.82
I.83
I.84
I.87
I.30, I.32
I.108
I.109, I.111
Appears twice
in the ITI
project fiches
MRDPA
11
No.
Operational
programme
25
ROP
26
ROP
27
ROP
28
ROP
29
ROP
30
ROP
31
LIOP
Upgrading, rehabilitation and endowment of the health infrastructure in
Tulcea County Emergency Hospital
Extension, rehabilitation, modernization and endowment of the social
services infrastructure in the territory of the Danube Delta ITI intercommunity development association (ADI ITI) by increasing the
coverage of social services
Improving educational infrastructure in the territory of ITI Danube
Delta
Extension, rehabilitation, modernization and endowment of the
educational infrastructure from preschool (kindergartens) within ADI
ITI Danube Delta territorty
educational infrastructure from primary and secondary education within
ADI ITI Danube Delta territorty
educational infrastructure from highschool education within ADI ITI
Danube Delta territorty
Construction of express road ” Dobrogea expres” + bridge over Danube
32
LIOP
Specialized works for banks protection on Sulina Canal
33
LIOP
34
LIOP
35
LIOP
36
LIOP
37
LIOP
Project name
Rehabilitation and modernization of the Danube ports infrastructure –
Tulcea port
Mahmudia port
Sulina port
Chilia Veche port
Isaccea port
I.109, I.110
I.131
I.80, I.119
I.124
I.119
I. 119, I.120, I.123
I.81
I.88
I.85
I.85
I.85
I.85
I.85
Observations
MRDPA
12
No.
Operational
programme
38
LIOP
39
LIOP
40
LIOP
Integrated waste management system in Tulcea County – phase II
I.102
41
LIOP
Collecting floating waste from touristic routes in Danube Delta
I.101
42
LIOP
Conducting studies and ecological restoration technical works to improve
lake habitats, biodiversity and fisheries resources
43
LIOP
44
LIOP
45
LIOP
46
LIOP
47
LIOP
48
LIOP
49
NPRD
Extension and modernization of water and wastewater infrastructure in
the ITI DD territory
I.54, I.99, I.100
50
NPRD
Extension, rehabilitation and modernization of rural road infrastructure
in ITI Danube Delta territory
I.54
Project name
Macin port
Extension and modernization of the „Danube Delta” international
airport, Tulcea
Monitoring priority Natura 2000 species and habitats within the Bosferei
Delta reserve and adjacent areas
Selection and use of bentos crustacean species as pollution indicator
organisms in aquatic habitats belonging to the Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve
Creating an integrated system to improve capacity and the quality of the
intervention system in emergency situations and providing emergency
medical assistance and qualified first aid
Flood prevention, protection and mitigation in the Dobrogea-Seaside
river basin within the Danube Delta ITI territory
Rehabilitation and modernization of the stations used to discharge the
excess rainfall and infiltration water in the dammed premises within
Danube Delta
Cogeneration plant
I.85
I.86
I.5, I.6, I.7, I.8, I.12, I.40, I.41
I.9
I.6
I.22, I.24
I.23, I.78
I.23, I.78
I.15
Observations
MRDPA
13
No.
Operational
programme
Project name
51
NPRD
Basic services and village renewal in rural areas through investments
associated with cultural heritage protection
I.54, I.56
52
NPRD
Establishment and modernization including equipping kindergartens and
after-school infrastructure in the ADI ITI Danube Delta territory
I.80
53
NPRD
54
FMBOP
55
COP
56
COP
57
COP
58
COP
59
COP
60
COP
61
COP
62
COP
63
COP
Sustainable development of fishing areas in the ITI Danube Delta
territory
Sustainable development of fishing areas in the ITI Danube Delta
territory
Research, technological development and innovation (RDI) in support of
economic competitiveness and business development in ITI Danube
Delta territory
Water circulation system in DDBR
Substantiation of adaptation measures to climate change through
adaptive ecosystem management in Danube Delta (Ecosystem-based
Adaptation EbA)
Strengthening the capacity of analysis and sustainable management of
capture and recreational sport fisheries in the Danube Delta area
(PISCES)
Research on phenology and livestock of hunting species in the Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve (ve-natura Delta Dunării)
Center for the Assessment of the impact of invasive species in DDBR
and development of precautionary management measures
„Study regarding the anthropic tourist potential (cultural) of the Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve„
Assessing the degree of harmonization of the socio-economic system
with the use of natural capital for the implementation of of participatory
management in DDBR
Implementation of National Ecotourism Strategy and Touristic
Development Strategy in DDBR, at Tulcea county level
I.52, I.55
I.44, I.45, I.46, I.47, I.51
I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97
I.5
I.19
I.49
I.9
I.96
I.96
I.4
I.30, I.31, I.32, I.33, I.34, I.35, I.36, I.37, I.38, I.39
Observations
MRDPA
14
No.
Operational
programme
64
COP
65
COP
66
COP
67
COP
68
COP
69
COP
70
COP
71
COP
72
COP
73
COP
Secure, clean and efficient energy – The assessment of the bioenergetic
potential of vegetal natural resources
74
COP
“Center for the study of zoonoses and emerging diseases in Somova
village, Somova commune, Tulcea county”
Project name
Decision support (governance platform) with the involvement of
stakeholders in the sustainable development organization of the coastal
zone of DDBR
Integrated Monitoring System - Implementation and maintenance of
Equipment Tracking systems and of UAV for Site System Information.
Resort of research and intensive farming of sturgeons at Sfântu
Gheorghe / Danube Delta to conserve wild populations of sturgeons
and production of sturgeon meat for tourism in the Danube Delta
Danube Delta Cluster (Tourism and Sustainable Development Cluster
Danube Delta)
Development and modernization of Technology Information Center
(TIC DD) of National Institute of Research and Development Danube
Delta, Tulcea
SPINOFF - Toolkit for implementing engineering measures of spatial
planning in flood risk management and adaptability to climate change on
ITI Danube Delta territory
GEOS Danube Delta Cluster (Danube Delta Cluster Innovation in
Geomatics and Hydrology)
Development of a prediction model through satellite remote sensing of
the infectious and parasitic disease spread through biological vectors, to
semi-wild horse population from Danube Delta
Multimodal system of forecasting, warning and natural disaster
management in the Danube Delta and adjacent areas – SIMPAM@DD
I.12, I.25, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97
I.3, I.6, I.25
I.43, I.47, I.49, I.50, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97
I.12, I.30, I.31, I.32, I.33, I.34, I.35, I.36, I.37, I.38,
I.39, I.47, I.49, I.50, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97
I.12, I.33, I.47, I.49, I.50, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97
I.19, I.25, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97
I.3, I.4, I.6, I.56, I.71, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97
I.107, I.117
I.19, I.25, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97
I.14, I.15
I.19, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97
Observations
MRDPA
15
No.
Operational
programme
75
COP
76
COP
77
COP
78
COP
79
COP
80
COP
81
COP
82
COP
83
COP
84
COP
The development of radio communications in TETRA technology for
the Local Committees for Emergency Situations
85
COP
Virtual museum
86
COP
87
COP
Project name
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for a digital and
competitive economy on ITI Danube Delta territory
The interconnection of the 38 UATs with fiber optic and WiMAX
technology equipment
Enhancing the access of legal persons from ITI to online payment
services of the local taxes
Access of the local public administration to the data network of the
Integrated Agricultural Register
Enhancing the access of population from ITI to SPCLEP services
(identity cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates etc.)
Enhancing the access of population from ITI to online payment services
of the local taxes
Achieving a video conference networks for policy makers of the 38 UAT
sites and public beneficiaries (30 beneficiaries)
Achieving a command center and purchasing of drones that would
transmit in real time data on existing emergency situation from areas
difficult to reach, to the authorized authorities
Monitoring of the road traffic
Let us know the past! - digitization of cultural heritage (old books,
religious books, icons, paintings etc.)
Collection of old books of the Northern Dobrogea - Eco-Museum
Research Institute
I.89, I.90, I.91, I.92, I.93, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97, I.98
I.89, I.90, I.91, I.92, I.93, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97, I.98
I.89, I.90, I.91, I.92, I.93
I.89, I.90, I.91, I.92, I.93, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97, I.98
I.89, I.90, I.91, I.92, I.93, I.98
I.89, I.90, I.91, I.92, I.93
I.89, I.90, I.91, I.92, I.93, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97, I.98
I.89, I.90, I.91, I.92, I.93, I.94, I.95, I.96, I.97, I.98
I.90, I.98
I.25, I.90, I.91, I.92
I.89, I.98
I.89, I.98
I.89, I.98
Observations
MRDPA
No.
16
Operational
programme
Project name
Digital Historic Landscapes ICEM – virtual tours to ancient and
medieval fortresses, 3D reconstructions of fortresses in Northern
Dobrogea, 3D presentations of historic urban landscapes through photos
etc.
Old media from ICEM collection
Documentation on traditional crafts in Northern Dobrogea
The development of an IT networks for takeover and data collection
e-Healthcare
e-Education
Thematic platform for monitoring and security of the environment in the
Danube Delta
88
COP
89
90
91
92
93
COP
COP
COP
COP
COP
94
COP
95
HCOP
Social inclusion adjusted to the specific ecosystem of the Danube Delta
96
HCOP
Reducing and preventing early school leaving and promoting equal access
to a quality preschool, primary and secondary education
97
HCOP
Development of the key and professional skills of the pupils from
secondary education from the Danube Delta area
98
HCOP
99
HCOP
100
HCOP
101
HCOP
Quality professional education for the future of Danube Delta
Alternative development models and best practices for sustainable
tourism in DDBR. Creating a Regional Centre for Responsible Tourism
(CERTUR)
Education - research - extension partnership in agriculture and
horticulture in order to increase the quality and performance of the labor
market
Inventorying, assessing and monitoring on short and medium term of the
risk factors, pressures and threats in areas with development of
agricultural activities in DDBR and reducing their impact on the
environment through consultancy and popularization of organic
agriculture and the norms of good practice in agriculture
I.89, I.98
I.89, I.91, I.93, I.98
I.89, I.91, I.93, I.98
I.98
I.98, I.112
I.98
I.3, I.6
I.108, I.109, I.110, I.111, I.131
I.118, I.119, I.121, I.122
I.59, I.118, I.119, I.120, I.123
I.59, I.120, I.123
I.31, I.37, I.112, I.114, I.116, I.117 şi I.118
I.123
I.62.
Observations
MRDPA
No.
Operational
programme
102
ACOP
103
ACOP
104
ACOP
105
ACOP
106
TAOP
Project name
Creating a common framework for the development of the capacity
administrative of public institutions in the Danube Delta ITI area in
order to optimize decision making process DDBR
order to optimize decision making process at local level
order to optimize the absorption of EU funds and international
cooperation
Tourist destination management of Danube Delta - organizational
systems and structures
Technical assistance for operation of the technical department of the
Intercommunity Development Association – ITI Danube Delta
Legend:
ROP – Regional Operational Programme;
LIOP – Large Infrastructure Operational Programme;
NPRD – National Programme for Rural Development;
FMBOP - Fisheries and Maritime Business Operational Programme;
COP – Competitiveness Operational Programme;
HCOP – Human Capital Operational Programme;
ACOP – Administrative Capacity Operational Programme;
TAOP – Technical Assistance Operational Programme.
17
I.137
I.132
I.133
I.31
I.134
Observations
MRDPA
Annex no. III – Lists of habitats and species of community interest potentially affected by the implementation of the types
of interventions/ projects proposed within DDISDS
Table no. 1 The list of habitats and species of community interest potentially affected by the implementation of the type E projects
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Amphibians
Transport
I.81
Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanţa Tulcea - Măcin – Brăila, including the construction
Birds
18
Code
Species/ habitat name
1188
1197
1200
1201
1203
1209
1210
1212
1248
1251
1261
1263
A020
A030-B
A060-B
A072
A075
A080
A081
A089
A092
A097
A131
Bombina bombina
Pelobates fuscus
Pelobates syriacus
Bufo viridis
Hyla arborea
Rana dalmatina
Rana esculenta
Rana ridibunda
Podarcis taurica
Lacerta trilineata
Lacerta agilis
Lacerta viridis
Pelecanus crispus
Ciconia nigra
Aythya nyroca
Pernis apivorus
Circaetus gallicus
Circus aeruginosus
Aquila pomarina
Hieraaetus pennatus (Aquila pennata)
Falco vespertinus
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
MRDPA
Sector
19
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
A133
A193
A197
A215
A222
A224
A229
A231
A234
A236
A238
A239
A242
A243
A246
A255
A293
A307
A320
A321
A338
A339
A379
A397-B
A402
A403
A429
Burhinus oedicnemus
Sterna hirundo
Chlidonias niger
Bubo bubo
Asio flammeus
Alcedo atthis
Coracias garrulus
Picus canus
Dryocopus martius
Dendrocopos medius
Lullula arborea
Anthus campestris
Sylvia nisoria
Ficedula parva
Ficedula albicollis
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Emberiza hortulana
Tadorna ferruginea
Accipiter brevipes
Buteo rufinus
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Fish
Code
A511
A533
1124
1130
1134
1145
1146
1149
1157
1159
1160
2487
2488
2489
2511
2522
2555
4125
4127
5040
5085
Falco cherrug
Oenanthe pleschanka
Gobio albipinnatus
Aspius aspius
Misgurnus fossilis
Sabanejewia aurata
Cobitis taenia
Zingel zingel
Zingel streber
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser stellatus
Huso huso
Gobio kessleri
Pelecus cultratus
Alosa immaculata
Alosa tanaica
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
Barbus barbus
Pajişti şi mlaştini sărăturate panonice şi pontosarmatice
Ape stătătoare oligotrofe până la mezotrofe cu
vegetaţie din Littorelletea uniflorae şi/sau
Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
Ape puternic oligo-mezotrofe cu vegetaţie
bentonic de specii de Chara
1530*
Habitats
3130
3140
20
IUCN
Classification
EN
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
CR
CR
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
CR
LC
-
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
3270
6430
62C0*
91AA
91I0*
Invertebrates
Mammals
21
91M0
91X0
91Y0
92A0
1050
1053
1056
1066
1083
1084*
1088
1089
4011
4022
4043
4056*
1304
1309
1312
Râuri cu maluri nămoloase cu vegetaţie de
Chenopodion rubri şi Bidention
Comunităţi de lizieră cu ierburi înalte higrofile
de la nivelul câmpiilor, până la cel montan şi
alpin
Stepe ponto-sarmatice
Vegetaţie forestieră ponto-sarmatică cu stejar
pufos
Vegetaţie de silvostepă eurosiberiană cu Quercus
spp.
Păduri balcano-panonice de cer şi gorun
Păduri dobrogene de fag
Păduri dacice de stejar şi carpen
Zăvoaie cu Salix alba şi Populus alba
Saga pedo
Zerynthia polyxena
Parnassius mnemosyne
Apatura metis
Lucanus cervus
Osmoderma eremita
Cerambyx cerdo
Morimus funereus
Probaticus subrugosus
Pseudophilotes bavius
Anisus vorticulus
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Nyctalus noctula
IUCN
Classification
VU
LC
NT
LC
NT
NT
VU
VU
LC
DD
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Plants
Reptiles
22
Code
1317
1327
1331
1332
1335
1339
1341
1342
1353
1355*
1357
1358
1363
2016
2021
2609
2633
2635
5365
2079
2236
2253
4067
1219
1220
1276
1278
Pipistrellus nathusii
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
Vespertilio murinus
Cricetus cricetus
Muscardinus avellanarius
Dryomys nitedula
Canis aureus
Lutra lutra
Martes martes
Mustela putorius
Felis silvestris
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Sicista subtilis
Mustela eversmanii
Vormela peregusna
Hypsugo savii
Moehringia jankae
Campanula romanica
Centaurea jankae
Echium russicum
Testudo graeca
Emys orbicularis
Ablepharus kitaibelii
Coluber caspius
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
VU
LC
DD
DD
VU
LC
VU
NT
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Amphibians
I.86
Development and modernization of airport
infrastructure
Birds
23
Code
1279
1281
1283
1292
1295
1188
1197
1201
1203
1209
1210
1212
1248
1251
1261
1263
A060-B
A080
A081
A089
A092
A131
A133
A215
A224
A229
A231
Elaphe longissima
Coronella austriaca
Natrix tessellata
Vipera ammodytes
Bombina bombina
Pelobates fuscus
Bufo viridis
Hyla arborea
Rana dalmatina
Rana esculenta
Rana ridibunda
Podarcis taurica
Lacerta trilineata
Lacerta agilis
Lacerta viridis
Aythya nyroca
Circaetus gallicus
Circus aeruginosus
Aquila pomarina
Burhinus oedicnemus
Bubo bubo
Alcedo atthis
Coracias garrulus
IUCN
Classification
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Fish
24
Code
A234
A236
A238
A242
A243
A246
A255
A293
A307
A338
A339
A379
A402
A403
A429
A533
1124
1130
1134
1145
1146
1149
1157
1159
1160
2487
2488
Picus canus
Dryocopus martius
Dendrocopos medius
Lullula arborea
Anthus campestris
Sylvia nisoria
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Emberiza hortulana
Accipiter brevipes
Buteo rufinus
Oenanthe pleschanka
Gobio albipinnatus
Aspius aspius
Misgurnus fossilis
Sabanejewia aurata
Cobitis taenia
Zingel zingel
Zingel streber
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser stellatus
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
CR
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
2489
2511
2522
4125
4127
5040
5085
62C0*
Huso huso
Gobio kessleri
Pelecus cultratus
Alosa immaculata
Alosa tanaica
Barbus barbus
pufos
spp.
Saga pedo
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
Dryomys nitedula
Canis aureus
Lutra lutra
Martes martes
Mustela putorius
Felis silvestris
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Sicista subtilis
91AA
Habitats
91I0*
Invertebrates
Mammals
25
91Y0
1050
1056
1317
1327
1331
1335
1341
1342
1353
1355*
1357
1358
1363
2016
2021
IUCN
Classification
CR
LC
LC
VU
LC
CR
LC
VU
NT
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Plants
Reptiles
I.82, I.83,
I.84, I.87
26
Modernization of the county roads:
I.82. Modernization of county roads:
DJ229E, Section I and II, NICULITEL intersection with DN22 – ZEBIL – SARICHIOI
(INT. DJ222), KM 3+300 - 54+795;
DJ222N, Tulcea - Pardina - Chilia Veche (Km 0 –
66);
DJ226:Tronson DN22B-Corbu-Săcele-IstriaMihaiViteazu L=46,2 km,KM 0+000-5+500,KM
12+400-53+105(CT);
 DJ222B Baia- Ceamurlia de Sus;
 DJ222 Visina- Ceamurlia de Sus;
 DJ 223A Enisala – Babadag – Slava Rusă,
km 54+724-38+798;
Amphibians
Birds
Code
2609
2633
2635
2236
1219
1220
1276
1278
1279
1281
1283
1292
1295
1188
1197
1200
1201
1203
1209
1210
1212
1248
1251
1261
1263
A060-B
A072
Mustela eversmanii
Vormela peregusna
Campanula romanica
Testudo graeca
Emys orbicularis
Coluber caspius
Elaphe longissima
Coronella austriaca
Natrix tessellata
Vipera ammodytes
Bombina bombina
Pelobates fuscus
Pelobates syriacus
Bufo viridis
Hyla arborea
Rana dalmatina
Rana esculenta
Rana ridibunda
Podarcis taurica
Lacerta trilineata
Lacerta agilis
Lacerta viridis
Aythya nyroca
Pernis apivorus
IUCN
Classification
NT
LC
VU
DD
VU
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
route Cetatea Histria - DN22/ Tariverde.
27
Taxonomic
group
Code
A073
A075
A080
A081
A084
A089
A092
A097
A119
A122
A131
A132-B
A133
A176
A193
A197
A215
A222
A224
A229
A231
A234
A236
A238
A239
A242
A243
Milvus migrans
Circaetus gallicus
Circus aeruginosus
Circus pygargus
Aquila pomarina
Falco vespertinus
Porzana porzana
Crex crex
Burhinus oedicnemus
Sterna hirundo
Chlidonias niger
Bubo bubo
Asio flammeus
Alcedo atthis
Coracias garrulus
Picus canus
Dryocopus martius
Dendrocopos medius
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Fish
28
Code
A246
A255
A293
A307
A320
A321
A338
A339
A379
A393
A397-B
A402
A403
A429
A511
A533
1124
1130
1134
1145
1146
1149
1157
1159
1160
2487
2488
Lullula arborea
Anthus campestris
Sylvia nisoria
Ficedula parva
Ficedula albicollis
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Emberiza hortulana
Tadorna ferruginea
Accipiter brevipes
Buteo rufinus
Falco cherrug
Oenanthe pleschanka
Gobio albipinnatus
Aspius aspius
Misgurnus fossilis
Sabanejewia aurata
Cobitis taenia
Zingel zingel
Zingel streber
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser stellatus
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
EN
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
CR
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
2489
2511
2522
2555
4125
4127
5040
5085
Huso huso
Gobio kessleri
Pelecus cultratus
Alosa immaculata
Alosa tanaica
Barbus barbus
Nisipuri şi zone mlăştinoase neacoperite de apă
de mare la reflux
Lagune costiere
Vegetaţie anuală de-a lungul liniei ţărmului
alpin
pufos
spp.
Hirudo medicinalis
Saga pedo
Zerynthia polyxena
Cerambyx cerdo
Morimus funereus
1140
1150*
1210
6430
Habitats
62C0*
91AA
91I0*
Invertebrates
29
91M0
91Y0
92A0
1034
1050
1053
1056
1088
1089
IUCN
Classification
CR
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
CR
LC
DD
VU
LC
NT
VU
VU
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Mammals
30
Code
4011
4043
4056*
1304
1309
1312
1317
1327
1331
1332
1335
1341
1342
1349
1350
1351
1353
1355*
1357
1358
1363
2016
2021
2609
2633
2635
5365
Pseudophilotes bavius
Anisus vorticulus
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Nyctalus noctula
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
Vespertilio murinus
Dryomys nitedula
Tursiops truncatus
Delphinus delphis
Phocoena phocoena
Canis aureus
Lutra lutra
Martes martes
Mustela putorius
Felis silvestris
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Sicista subtilis
Mustela eversmanii
Vormela peregusna
Hypsugo savii
IUCN
Classification
LC
DD
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
VU
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Plants
Reptiles
31
Code
1428
2079
2236
2253
2327
1219
1220
1276
1278
1279
1281
1283
1292
1295
Moehringia jankae
Campanula romanica
Centaurea jankae
Himantoglossum caprinum
Testudo graeca
Emys orbicularis
Coluber caspius
Elaphe longissima
Coronella austriaca
Natrix tessellata
Vipera ammodytes
IUCN
Classification
LC
DD
DD
VU
NT
VU
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Table no. 2 The list of habitats and species of community interest potentially affected by the implementation of the type D projects
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Amphibians
Biodiversity and
Ecosystem
Management
I.12
Development of an International Center of
Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta –
Black Sea for biodiversity preservation
Birds
32
Code
1188
1197
1200
1201
1203
1210
1212
1248
1251
1261
A060-B
A075
A080
A081
A092
A097
A119
A131
A132-B
A133
A176
A193
A224
A229
A231
A234
Bombina bombina
Pelobates fuscus
Pelobates syriacus
Bufo viridis
Hyla arborea
Rana esculenta
Rana ridibunda
Podarcis taurica
Lacerta trilineata
Lacerta agilis
Aythya nyroca
Circaetus gallicus
Circus aeruginosus
Falco vespertinus
Porzana porzana
Burhinus oedicnemus
Sterna hirundo
Alcedo atthis
Coracias garrulus
Picus canus
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Habitats
Invertebrates
Mammals
33
Code
A236
A238
A242
A243
A246
A293
A338
A339
A379
A397-B
A402
A429
Dryocopus martius
Dendrocopos medius
Lullula arborea
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Emberiza hortulana
Tadorna ferruginea
Accipiter brevipes
Lacuri eutrofe naturale cu vegetaţie tip
Magnopotamion sau Hydrocharition
Hirudo medicinalis
Dryomys nitedula
Canis aureus
Lutra lutra
Mustela putorius
Felis silvestris
Sicista subtilis
Mustela eversmanii
3150
92A0
1034
1082
1335
1341
1342
1353
1355*
1358
1363
2021
2609
2633
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
-
NT
VU
VU
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Reptiless
Amphibians
Disaster Risk
Management
(DRM)
I.24
Modernization, rehabilitation and construction
of Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IES)
infrastructure facilities in TULCEA + Macin +
Crişan + Babadag + Topolog
Birds
34
Code
2635
1220
1278
1292
1188
1197
1200
1201
1203
1209
1210
1212
1248
1251
1261
1263
A030-B
A060-B
A072
A075
A080
A081
A089
A092
A131
A133
A193
Vormela peregusna
Emys orbicularis
Coluber caspius
Natrix tessellata
Bombina bombina
Pelobates fuscus
Pelobates syriacus
Bufo viridis
Hyla arborea
Rana dalmatina
Rana esculenta
Rana ridibunda
Podarcis taurica
Lacerta trilineata
Lacerta agilis
Lacerta viridis
Ciconia nigra
Aythya nyroca
Pernis apivorus
Circaetus gallicus
Circus aeruginosus
Aquila pomarina
Burhinus oedicnemus
Sterna hirundo
IUCN
Classification
VU
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Fish
35
Code
A197
A215
A224
A229
A231
A234
A236
A238
A239
A242
A243
A246
A255
A293
A307
A320
A321
A338
A339
A379
A393
A397-B
A402
A403
A429
A533
1124
Chlidonias niger
Bubo bubo
Alcedo atthis
Coracias garrulus
Picus canus
Dryocopus martius
Dendrocopos medius
Lullula arborea
Anthus campestris
Sylvia nisoria
Ficedula parva
Ficedula albicollis
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Emberiza hortulana
Tadorna ferruginea
Accipiter brevipes
Buteo rufinus
Oenanthe pleschanka
Gobio albipinnatus
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
1130
1134
1145
1146
1149
1157
1159
1160
2487
2488
2489
2511
2522
2555
4125
4127
5040
5085
Aspius aspius
Misgurnus fossilis
Sabanejewia aurata
Cobitis taenia
Zingel zingel
Zingel streber
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser stellatus
Huso huso
Gobio kessleri
Pelecus cultratus
Alosa immaculata
Alosa tanaica
Barbus barbus
Râuri cu maluri nămoloase cu vegetaţie de
Chenopodion rubri şi Bidention
Pajişti cu Molinia pe soluri calcaroase, turboase
sau argiloase (Molinion caeruleae)
alpin
Mlaştini calcaroase cu Cladium mariscus
3130
3270
Habitats
6410
6430
7210
36
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
CR
CR
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
CR
LC
-
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
62C0
pufos
Vegetaţie de silvostepă eurosiberiană cu
Quercus spp.
Galerii ripariene şi tufărişuri (NerioTamaricetea şi Securinegion tinctoriae)
Hirudo medicinalis
Saga pedo
Zerynthia polyxena
Apatura metis
Lucanus cervus
Osmoderma eremita
Cerambyx cerdo
Morimus funereus
Probaticus subrugosus
Anisus vorticulus
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
91AA
91I0
91M0
91Y0
92A0
92D0
Invertebrates
Mammals
37
1034
1050
1053
1056
1066
1082
1083
1084
1088
1089
4011
4022
4056
1317
1327
1331
1335
1341
IUCN
Classification
-
NT
VU
LC
NT
LC
VU
NT
NT
VU
VU
DD
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Plants
Reptiless
Transport
38
I.88
Rehabilitation and modernization of the Sulina
Channel
Amphibians
Code
1342
1353
1355*
1356*
1357
1358
1363
2016
2021
2609
2633
2635
1725
2079
2236
2253
1219
1220
1276
1278
1279
1281
1283
1292
1295
1188
1197
Dryomys nitedula
Canis aureus
Lutra lutra
Mustela lutreola
Martes martes
Mustela putorius
Felis silvestris
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Sicista subtilis
Mustela eversmanii
Vormela peregusna
Lindernia procumbens
Moehringia jankae
Campanula romanica
Centaurea jankae
Testudo graeca
Emys orbicularis
Coluber caspius
Elaphe longissima
Coronella austriaca
Natrix tessellata
Vipera ammodytes
Bombina bombina
Pelobates fuscus
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
NT
CR
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
VU
LC
DD
DD
VU
VU
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Birds
39
Code
1201
1203
1210
1212
1248
1261
A060-B
A072
A075
A080
A081
A092
A097
A131
A132-B
A133
A191
A193
A197
A224
A229
A231
A234
A236
A238
A242
A246
Bufo viridis
Hyla arborea
Rana esculenta
Rana ridibunda
Podarcis taurica
Lacerta agilis
Aythya nyroca
Pernis apivorus
Circaetus gallicus
Circus aeruginosus
Falco vespertinus
Burhinus oedicnemus
Sterna sandvicensis (Thalasseus sandvicensis)
Sterna hirundo
Chlidonias niger
Alcedo atthis
Coracias garrulus
Picus canus
Dryocopus martius
Dendrocopos medius
Lullula arborea
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Fish
40
Code
A293
A321
A338
A339
A379
A393
A429
A511
1124
1130
1134
1145
1146
1149
1157
1159
1160
2011
2487
2488
2489
2511
2522
2555
4125
4127
5040
Ficedula albicollis
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Emberiza hortulana
Falco cherrug
Gobio albipinnatus
Aspius aspius
Misgurnus fossilis
Sabanejewia aurata
Cobitis taenia
Zingel zingel
Zingel streber
Umbra krameri
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser stellatus
Huso huso
Gobio kessleri
Pelecus cultratus
Alosa immaculata
Alosa tanaica
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
EN
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
VU
CR
CR
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
CR
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
5085
Barbus barbus
Bancuri de nisip acoperite permanent de un
strat mic de apă de mare
Estuare
de mare la reflux
Lagune costiere
Pajişti sărăturate de tip mediteranean
(Juncetalia maritimi)
Dune mobile embrionare (în formare)
Dune fixate cu vegetaţie herbacee peren (dune
gri)
Dune cu Hippophae rhamnoides
Depresiuni umede intradunale
Lacuri distrofice şi iazuri
Cursuri de apă din zonele de câmpie, până la
cele montane, cu vegetaţie din Ranunculion
fluitantis şi Callitricho-Batrachion
alpin
1110
1130
1140
1150
1210
1410
1530
2110
2130
Habitats
2160
2190
3130
3150
3160
3260
6410
6430
41
IUCN
Classification
LC
-
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
6440
Pajişti aluviale din Cnidion dubii
Pajişti de altitudine joasă (Alopecurus
pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)
Mlaştini calcaroase cu Cladium mariscus
Păduri ripariene mixte cu Quercus robur,
Ulmus laevis, Fraxinus excelsior sau Fraxinus
angustifolia, din lungul marilor râuri
(Ulmenion minoris)
Hirudo medicinalis
Apatura metis
Tursiops truncatus
Delphinus delphis
Phocoena phocoena
Canis aureus
Lutra lutra
Mustela lutreola
Mustela putorius
Felis silvestris
Lindernia procumbens
Centaurea pontica
Echium russicum
Emys orbicularis
Natrix tessellata
Vipera ursinii (except Vipera ursinii
rakosiensis)
6510
7210
91F0
92A0
92D0
Invertebrates
Mammals
Plants
Reptiles
1034
1066
1082
1349
1350
1351
1353
1355*
1356*
1358
1363
1725
2255
4067
1220
1292
1298
42
IUCN
Classification
-
NT
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
CR
LC
LC
LC
DD
LC
NT
LC
VU
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Amphibians
Waste
Management
I.102
Investments in WM Systems for Handling
Separated Waste (waste separation at source,
collection, sorting and transportation facilities).
Birds
43
Code
1188
1197
1201
1203
1209
1210
1212
1248
1251
1261
1263
A060-B
A072
A075
A080
A081
A089
Bombina bombina
Pelobates fuscus
Bufo viridis
Hyla arborea
Rana dalmatina
Rana esculenta
Rana ridibunda
Podarcis taurica
Lacerta trilineata
Lacerta agilis
Lacerta viridis
Aythya nyroca
Pernis apivorus
Circaetus gallicus
Circus aeruginosus
Aquila pomarina
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
A092
LC
A097
A131
A132-B
A133
Falco vespertinus
Burhinus oedicnemus
NT
LC
LC
LC
A191
Sterna sandvicensis (Thalasseus sandvicensis)
LC
A193
A215
A224
Sterna hirundo
Bubo bubo
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Fish
44
Code
A229
A231
A234
A236
A238
A239
A242
A243
A246
A255
A293
A307
A320
A321
A338
A339
A379
A393
A397-B
A402
A403
A429
A511
A533
1124
1130
1134
1145
Alcedo atthis
Coracias garrulus
Picus canus
Dryocopus martius
Dendrocopos medius
Lullula arborea
Anthus campestris
Sylvia nisoria
Ficedula parva
Ficedula albicollis
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Emberiza hortulana
Tadorna ferruginea
Accipiter brevipes
Buteo rufinus
Falco cherrug
Oenanthe pleschanka
Gobio albipinnatus
Aspius aspius
Misgurnus fossilis
IUCN
Classification
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
EN
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
1146
1149
1157
1159
1160
2011
2487
2488
2489
2511
2522
2555
4125
4127
5040
5085
1150
Sabanejewia aurata
Cobitis taenia
Zingel zingel
Zingel streber
Umbra krameri
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser stellatus
Huso huso
Gobio kessleri
Pelecus cultratus
Alosa immaculata
Alosa tanaica
Barbus barbus
Bancuri de nisip acoperite permanent de un
strat mic de apă de mare
Estuare
de mare la reflux
Lagune costiere
1210
-
1410
Pajişti sărăturate de tip mediteranean
(Juncetalia maritimi)
-
1530
-
1110
1130
1140
Habitats
45
IUCN
Classification
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
VU
CR
CR
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
CR
LC
Code
-
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
2110
Dune mobile embrionare (în formare)
Dune fixate cu vegetaţie herbacee peren (dune
gri)
Dune cu Hippophae rhamnoides
Depresiuni umede intradunale
2130
2160
2190
-
3130
-
3150
-
3160
Lacuri distrofice şi iazuri
-
3260
Cursuri de apă din zonele de câmpie, până la
cele montane, cu vegetaţie din Ranunculion
fluitantis şi Callitricho-Batrachion
-
6410
-
6440
Pajişti aluviale din Cnidion dubii
-
6510
Pajişti de altitudine joasă (Alopecurus
pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)
-
62C0
91AA
46
IUCN
Classification
-
pufos
-
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Invertebrates
Mammals
47
Code
IUCN
Classification
91F0
Păduri ripariene mixte cu Quercus robur,
Ulmus laevis, Fraxinus excelsior sau Fraxinus
angustifolia, din lungul marilor râuri
(Ulmenion minoris)
-
91I0
Vegetaţie de silvostepă eurosiberiană cu
Quercus spp.
-
91M0
-
91Y0
-
92A0
-
92D0
-
1034
1050
1056
1317
1327
1331
1335
1341
1342
1349
1350
1351
1353
1355*
Hirudo medicinalis
Saga pedo
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
Dryomys nitedula
Tursiops truncatus
Delphinus delphis
Phocoena phocoena
Canis aureus
Lutra lutra
NT
VU
NT
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Taxonomic
group
Code
Plants
1356*
1357
1358
1363
2016
2021
2609
2633
2635
2079
2236
2255
4067
1219
1220
1276
1278
1279
1281
1283
1292
1295
Mustela lutreola
Martes martes
Mustela putorius
Felis silvestris
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Sicista subtilis
Mustela eversmanii
Vormela peregusna
Moehringia jankae
Campanula romanica
Centaurea pontica
Echium russicum
Testudo graeca
Emys orbicularis
Coluber caspius
Elaphe longissima
Coronella austriaca
Natrix tessellata
Vipera ammodytes
Vipera ursinii (except Vipera ursinii
rakosiensis)
Reptiles
1298
48
IUCN
Classification
CR
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
VU
DD
DD
DD
LC
VU
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
MRDPA
Annex no. IV – Lists of types of interventions/ projects proposed for implementation within DDISDS and the intersected
Natura 2000 sites
Table no. 3 List of types of interventions/ projects proposed for implementation within DDISDS and the intersected SCIs
Sector
Project
code
I.6.
Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Management
I.10.
I.12.
I.23.
Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000” network
for species of European conservation concern, together with development of an
integrated monitoring system covering the whole DD area (including cross-border
Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation has disappeared or been
degraded.
Development of an International Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta
– Black Sea for biodiversity preservation
Site code
Site name
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
Disaster Risk
Management (DRM)
I.24.
Tourism
I.34.
Modernization, rehabilitation and construction of Inspectorate for Emergency
Situations (IES) infrastructure facilities in TULCEA + Macin + Crişan + Babadag +
Topolog
I.40.
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
I.41.
I.44.
I.81.
Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanța - Tulcea - Macin – Braila, including
the construction of a bridge over Danube at Brăila
I.82.
Modernization of County Road DJ229E, Section I and II, NICULITEL – ZEBIL –
SARICHIOI
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0201
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0201
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
Delta Dunării
Delta Dunării
Delta Dunării
Delta Dunării
Delta Dunării
Delta Dunării
ROSCI0201
Transport
I.83.
I.85.
I.87.
49
Project name
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Project name
Site code
Site name
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0065
ROSCI0201
Delta Dunării
Delta Dunării
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
ROSCI0065
Delta Dunării
50
I.88.
I.99.
I.100.
Water supply and
sanitation (WSS) and
integrated water
management (IWM)
Waste Management
I.102.
Healthcare
I.111.
Investments in WM Systems for Handling Separated Waste (waste separation at source,
collection, sorting and transportation facilities).
Create public ambulatory centers by rehabilitating closed hospital buildings in Babadag
and Sulina
MRDPA
Table no. 4 List of types of interventions/ projects proposed for implementation within DDISDS and the intersected SPAs
Sector
Project
code
Site code
Site name
ROSPA0031
Delta Dunării şi Complexul Razim - Sinoie
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0073
Măcin - Niculiţel
ROSPA0009
Beştepe - Mahmudia
I.24.
Modernization, rehabilitation and construction of
Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IES) infrastructure
facilities in TULCEA + Macin + Crişan + Babadag +
Topolog
ROSPA0031
I.34.
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0019
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0073
ROSPA0091
ROSPA0031
Cheile Dobrogei
Măcin - Niculiţel
Pădurea Babadag
I.6.
Management
I.10.
I.12.
I.23.
(DRM)
Tourism
I.40.
Transport
51
I.41.
I.44.
Project name
Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within
the “Natura 2000” network for species of European
conservation concern, together with development of an
integrated monitoring system covering the whole DD area
(including cross-border areas), supporting evidence-based
decision making and community participation.
Reforestation of areas where the natural forest vegetation
has disappeared or been degraded.
Development of an International Center of Advanced
Studies Danube – Danube Delta – Black Sea for biodiversity
preservation
Works for protection against floods in fourteen (14)
towns/communes.
Reduce sedimentation in major lakes with the installation of
stop locks
I.81.
Modernizarea drumului naţional DN 22 Constanţa - Tulcea Măcin - Brăila, including the construction of a bridge over
Danube at Brăila
I.82.
Modernization of County Road DJ229E, Section I and II,
MRDPA
Sector
Project
code
Site code
Site name
NICULITEL – ZEBIL – SARICHIOI
ROSPA0073
Măcin - Niculiţel
I.83.
Modernization of County Road DJ222N, Tulcea – Pardina Chilia Veche
ROSPA0031
I.84.
Modernization of County Road DJ226:Tronson DN22BCorbu-Săcele-Istria-MihaiViteazu
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0060
Lacul Taşaul - Corbu
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0052
Lacul Beibugeac
ROSPA0091
Pădurea Babadag
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0073
ROSPA0091
ROSPA0031
Măcin - Niculiţel
Pădurea Babadag
ROSPA0073
Măcin - Niculiţel
ROSPA0031
ROSPA0031
I.85.
I.87.
I.88.
Water supply and sanitation
(WSS) and integrated water
management (IWM)
52
Project name
Modernization of Tulcea, Sulina, Macin, Isaccea, Mahmudia
and Chilia ports
Modernization of county roads (regional transport
infrastructure):
• DJ 223A Enisala – Babadag – Slava Rusă, km 54+72438+798;
I.99.
I.100.
Waste Management
I.102.
Healthcare
I.111.
Investments in WM Systems for Handling Separated Waste
(waste separation at source, collection, sorting and
transportation facilities).
Create public ambulatory centers by rehabilitating closed
hospital buildings in Babadag and Sulina
MRDPA
Annex no. V – The lists of Natura 2000 sites crossed by the types of interventions/ projects proposed for implementation
within DDISDS
Table no. 5 The list of SCIs crossed by the types of interventions/ projects proposed for implementation within DDISDS
Site code
Site name
Sector
Project
code
I.6.
Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Management
I.10.
I.12.
Disaster Risk
Management (DRM)
Tourism
ROSCI0065
Delta
Dunării
I.23.
I.24.
I.34.
I.40.
I.41.
I.44.
I.81.
Transport
I.82.
I.83.
I.85.
I.87.
I.88.
53
Project name
Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000” network for species of
European conservation concern, together with development of an integrated monitoring system
covering the whole DD area (including cross-border areas), supporting evidence-based decision making
and community participation.
Development of an International Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta – Black Sea for
biodiversity preservation
Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanța - Tulcea - Macin – Braila, including the construction
MRDPA
Site code
Site name
Sector
Project
code
Water supply and
integrated water
management (IWM)
I.99.
I.100.
Waste Management
I.102.
Healthcare
I.111.
I.81.
I.82.
Transport
Podişul
ROSCI0201
Nord
Dobrogean
I.87.
Water supply and
integrated water
management (IWM)
54
Project name
I.99.
Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanța - Tulcea - Macin – Braila, including the construction
MRDPA
Table no. 6 The list of SPAs crossed by the types of interventions/ projects proposed for implementation within DDISDS
Site code
Site name
Sector
Project
code
ROSPA0009
Beştepe Mahmudia
(DRM)
I.23.
ROSPA0019
Cheile
Dobrogei
Transport
I.73.
I.6.
Management
I.10.
I.12.
(DRM)
ROSPA0031
Delta Dunării
şi Complexul
Razim Sinoie
Tourism
I.23.
I.24.
I.34.
I.40.
I.41.
I.44.
I.81.
Transport
I.82.
I.83.
I.84.
I.85.
I.87.
55
Project name
Modernization of national road DN 22 Constanța - Tulcea - Macin – Braila, including the
construction of a bridge over Danube at Brăila
Restoration of ecological systems and natural habitat within the “Natura 2000” network for
species of European conservation concern, together with development of an integrated
monitoring system covering the whole DD area (including cross-border areas), supporting
evidence-based decision making and community participation.
Development of an International Center of Advanced Studies Danube – Danube Delta – Black
Sea for biodiversity preservation
MRDPA
Site code
Site name
Sector
Waste Management
Water supply and
integrated water
management (IWM)
Healthcare
(DRM)
ROSPA0073
Măcin Niculiţel
Project
Project name
code
I.88.
I.102.
I.99.
I.100.
I.111.
I.23.
I.81.
I.82.
I.99.
I.100
I.81.
I.87.
I.99.
Transport
Water supply and
integrated water
management (IWM)
Transport
ROSPA0091
Pădurea
Babadag
Water supply and
integrated water
management (IWM)
56

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