TRI Manual 15.qxd (Page 1)

Transcription

July 2015 Uniform ES ER-2015
Concrete and Clay Roof Tile
Installation Manual
Imagine the Possibilities
Realize the Benefits
Published by
Tile Roofing Institute & Western States Roofing Contractors Association
TRI/ WSRCA
FOREWORD
The Tile Roofing Institute (TRI) is the premier resource for technical information on the proper design and
installation of concrete and clay roof tile systems. The Tile Roofing Institute in partnership with the
Western States Roofing Contractors Association (WSRCA) assembled a task group in 1991 to develop an
installation manual that would provide a representation of proper installation practices, industry standards,
and code requirements. These recommendations have provided successful installations of roof tile which
have endured the test of time.
The TRI and WSRCA technical committees along with valuable input from the entire roofing community
reviewed the previous 2010 edition of this manual. The culmination of those efforts was the creation of
this 2015 Edition of the Installation Manual. As with all previous editions, the TRI submitted the manual for
formal review and issuance of a valid Evaluation Report from an approved evaluation report source. The
TRI and WSRCA submitted this manual for formal review and issuance of an IAPMO Uniform ES
Evaluation Report, ER-2015, to help provide a stronger foundation to the formal practices and recommendations included in this manual.
The Tile Roofing Institute offers additional installation manuals Concrete and Clay Tile Roof Design Criteria
Manual for Cold and Snow Regions and 5th Edition FRSA/TRI Concrete and Clay Roof Tile Installation
Manual. All of our publications can be ordered through the publication page on our website
(www.tileroofing.org). The TRI will be offering formal installer training programs based upon the manuals
to allow roofing professionals to become certified tile installers.
TRI continues to provide the leading edge technology for roof innovations that will provide the highest
quality, energy efficient roofing systems available in the market today. Tile roofing systems provide one of
the most durable, energy efficient roofing systems found anywhere in the world.
Updates and Bulletins - The Tile Roofing Institute would like to make sure that we provide the latest information and updates available directly to you. If you would like to receive notices of any changes, updates,
or provide comments on this manual please visit our website www.tileroofing.org or email us at
[email protected] and ask to be placed on our email listing for future notices.
LIMITATIONS ON USE AND DISCLAIMER FOR THIS TRI/WSRCA INSTALLATION MANUAL
These drawings and recommendations are the compilation of the individual experiences of industry members and the Technical Committee of the TRI/WSRCA. It is intended to be used with the judgment and
experience of professional personnel competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of the material
contained and who will accept responsibility for its application. The TRI/WSRCA expressly disclaims any
guarantees or warranties, expressed or implied, for anything described or illustrated herein; and assumes
no responsibility for error or omissions.
PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
TILE ROOFING INSTITUTE/WSRCA Uniform ES ER-2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Safety Warning - Tile Dust/Governing Bodies/Environmental Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 -6
Suggested Material Checklist/Roof Tile Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Tile Specifications/Materials and Manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 - 6
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 - 14
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
New Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 - 9
Reroofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Ventilation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Table 1A Roof Tile Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Table 1B Roof Tile Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Table 2 Batten Allowable Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Table 3 Guidelines for Battens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Table 4 Roof Slope Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Table 5 Metric Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Appendix A - Installation Detail Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 74
Identification of Roof Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Single-Layer Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Double Layer Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Tile Penetration Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Valley Underlayments (Woven Underlayment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Valley Underlayments (Overlapping Underlayment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Batten Layout Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Counterbatten Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Vertical Battens - For Deep Trough Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Vertical Battens - For Standard Valley and Hips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Establishing Vertical Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Roof Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Roof Layout - Quick Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Suggested Loading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Down Slope Eave Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Raised Fascia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Eave At Flush Wall or Fascia/Zero Overhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Low Slope/Ventilated Roof Eave Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Double Lap Tile (Non-Interlocking) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Head Wall Metal Flashing (With Counterflashing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Head Wall Metal Flashing (Without Counterflashing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Pan Flashing At Roof-To-Sidewall (Where Wall Extends Past Eave With Counterflashing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Pan Flashing At Roof-To-Sidewall (Where Wall Extends Past Eave) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Metal Flashing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Sidewall Details - Clay ‘S’ Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Sidewall Details - Two Piece Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Chimney Flashing - Pan Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Chimney Flashing - Step Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Chimney Cricket Flashing - Pan Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
Chimney Cricket Flashing - Step Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Skylight Underlayment Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Skylight Flashing - Pan Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Skylight Step Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Open Valley - Tile Installed With Gap At Valley Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Three Rib Valley Metal Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Valley Metal - For Deep Trough Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Valley Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Boxed-in Soffit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Hip And Ridge A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Hip And Ridge B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Vented Ridge (Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Parapet Or Mansard Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Rake Flashing - Counter Batten System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Rake Flashing - Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Rake Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Gable / Eave Installation - Barrel Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Gable / Eave Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Roof Vents (Off Ridge) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Slope Change Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Gutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Tile Repairs / Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Tile Repairs / Replacement - Continued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Specialty Conditions- Pre-Engineered Roof (Installation on Metal Deck - Considerations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Specialty Conditions- Pre-Engineered Roof (Installation on Metal Deck - Optional Considerations) . . . . . . . .68
Specialty Conditions- Pre-Engineered Deck (Installation on Concrete Deck Considerations) . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Specialty Conditions- Pre-Engineered Deck (Installation on Concrete Deck Considerations) . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Specialty Conditions- Pre-Engineered Roof (Wire Attachment System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Specialty Conditions- Pre-Engineered Roof (Wire Attachment System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Specialty Conditions- Nailer Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Appendix B - Specialty Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Draped Underlayment Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Installation of Underlayments Under Spaced Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Adhesive Fastening Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Under IBC and IRC (ASCE-7-05) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 - 86
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Table 5A (ASCE 7-05) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Tables 5B & 5C (ASCE 7-05) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Tables 5D & 6A (ASCE 7-05) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Table 6B & 6C (ASCE 7-05) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Table 6D, 6E, & 6F (ASCE 7-05) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moments Mechanical Fastening Systems Table 7A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moments Mechanical Fastening Systems Table 7A cont’d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moments Mechanical Fastening Systems Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Design Considerations for Installations in Earthquake Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Appendix C - Applications Under 2012 IBC and IRC (ASCE 7-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 - 96
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Under 2012 IBC and IRC (ASCE 7-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Table 8 (ASCE 7-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Application Examples 1– 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90-92
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Table 9A (ASCE 7-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Table 9B (ASCE 7-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Table 9C (ASCE 7-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Table 9D (ASCE 7-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Design Considerations for High Wind Applications Tables 10A (ASCE 7-10) & 10B (ASCE 7-10) . . . . . . . . . .94
Mechanical Roof Tile Resistance Values Table 11 (ASCE 7-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Adhesive Fastening Systems/Mortar Fastening Systems Outside the Scope of this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Appendix D - Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 - 99
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
These recommendations are meant for areas that may
experience occasional storms, but not regular repetitive
freeze thaw cycling. In locations where the January mean
temperature is 25 deg. F (-4 deg C) or less or where ice
damming often occurs, the TRI /WSRCA suggests reference to the Concrete and Clay Tile Roof Design Criteria
Manual for Cold and Snow Regions. While generally considered the minimum standard, proper adherence to
these recommendations and attention to detail and workmanship provide a functional roof in most all moderate climate conditions. Local building officials should be consulted for engineering criteria or other special requirements.
The manner in which tile roofs are installed makes them
a highly effective water shedding assembly that affords
years of service and protection. The effectiveness of a tile
roof system as a weather resistant assembly however
depends on the proper installation of all the tile roof
components, and installing them properly is critical to the
performance of the installed system.
TOOLS REQUIRED
Since tile is installed across a wide range of climatic and
geographic conditions, there are a variety of details that
must be considered in preparing an effective installation.
The minimum recommendations shown for moderate
regions are effective for a relatively wide range of conditions including occasional storms or snow. While it is not
practical to prescribe precise solutions for all conditions,
the following has been provided to offer suggestions for
various treatments in a most climatic climate application.
Local building officials should always be consulted to
learn of special requirements that may exist. Some of the
changes contained will require code approval.
This manual provides the minimum design recommendations with optional upgrades for the installation of underlayment, flashings, fastening and related measures to
provide a weather resistant roofing assembly for concrete
and clay tile.
Designers should be familiar with local climatic conditions
and make sure that they are reviewing the proper design
manual. Please see the following list of reference publications for additional information.
(Other items may be required per field conditions)
Basic Hand Tools
Tape Measure
Tin Snips
Chalkline
Metal Crimper
Caulking Gun
Brush
Crayon
Felt Knife
Chalk
Mortar Trowel
Hand Saw
Broom
Hammer
Nail Bag
Pry Bar
Mastic trowel
Roller
Specialty Tools & Equipment
Forklift
Ladder
COPYRIGHT © 2015
Conveyor
Tile Nippers
Tile Cutter
Power Tools
Drill
Power Cords
Tile Saw
3/16”
Masonry Bit
Compressor w/ Hose
Diamond Saw Blade
Screw Gun
Nail Gun
Safety & Personal Protective Equipment
Per Federal & State OSHA Requirements
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
1
2
TRI/ WSRCA
SAFETY WARNING - TILE DUST
Roofing tiles contain crystalline silica (quartz) and traces of
other hazardous substances which are released as dust
and can be inhaled when dry-cutting or grinding this
product.
WARNING: Crystalline silica is a substance known to
cause cancer. Other chemicals contained in these products are know to cause cancer, birth defects and other
reproductive harm. Please refer to Federal and State
OSHA requirements for proper compliance.
REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS
Standard Installation Guides for Concrete and Clay Roof Tile in Cold Weather Applications. Published 1998 by the
NTRMA/WSRCA
Concrete and Clay Roof Tile Installation Manual Fifth Edition (For Florida only) Published April 2012 (04-12) by the
FRSA/TRI
CAN/CSA-A220.1-M91 – Installation of Concrete Roof Tiles, by the Canadian Standards Association
The European Standards Association, Australian Standards Association, Japanese Standards Association
TERMINOLOGY
Please see Appendix D for a listing of terms associated with roof tile.
GOVERNING CODE BODIES
Information contained herein is based on values and
practices consistent with provisions of the major building
codes such as the International Building Code (IBC),
International Residential Code (IRC), as promulgated by the
International Code Council (ICC). For evaluation reports
for concrete and clay roof tiles that specifically reference
this manual, installation shall be in accordance with this
manual and the applicable code, unless otherwise noted in
the roof tile evaluation report.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT
The members of the TRI/WSRCA are environmentally
conscious companies who’s policies and practices reflect
a commitment to the preservation and welfare of our
environment. Our roofing tiles are manufactured in
accordance with all prevailing environmental guidelines
COPYRIGHT © 2015
and are composed of sand, cement, natural clay materials
and natural pigments. Because roofing tile are designed to
last long term, they will not add to the tremendous volume of other roofing materials that burden our landfills.
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
Decking:
Sheathing must be adequate to
support the loads involved, but not
less than nominal 1-inch-thick
lumber or nominal 15/32-inch-thick
plywood or other decking material
recognized in a code evaluation
report or by the local building official.
Underlayment:
ASTM D226 Type II (No. 30 felt)
/ASTM D4869 Type IV or ASTM D
1970 (self adhering), meeting AC 152.
Battens:
Nominal 1" x 2" complying with IBC
Chapter 23, section 2302 (nominal
size).
Eave Treatments: Bird Stop/Eave riser.
Valley Flashing:
Shall extend each way 11" from
center and have a splash diverter
rib 1" high. See Table A on page 4
for more details.
Roof To Wall:
Minimum 3" coverage over tile or
flexible flashing. See Table A on
page 4 for more details.
Pipe Flashing:
Deck & Tile flashing is required.
Profile tile flashing to be malleable
metal flashings. See Table A on
In wall
Counter Flashing: Z bar recommended or surface
mount reglet (pin) Flashing for
re-roof. See Table A for more
details.
Fasteners:
See page 6 and Table 1A/1B for
requirements.
Ventilation:
Per local building code requirements.
Wall Trays (Pans): Minimum 6" trough. See Table A on
ROOF TILE CLASSIFICATIONS
Roof tiles manufactured are typically of the following types:
Low Profile Tile – Tiles, such as flat tile that have a top surface rise of ½” or less.
Concrete Tile
1/2"
Clay Tile
Medium Profile Tile – Tiles having a rise to width ratio equal to or less than 1:5
Concrete Tile
Clay Tile
H
W
High Profile Tile – Tiles having a rise to width ratio greater than 1:5 (measured in installed condition)
Concrete Tile
Clay Tile
H
W
Accessory Tile – Shall include those tile such as ridge, rake, hip, valley and starter tile used in conjunction with those
tile listed above.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Specifications
MATERIAL CHECKLIST(Other options/upgrades may be allowed per codes)
3
Specifications
4
TRI/ WSRCA
TABLE A
REFERENCE TABLE FOR DRAWING DETAILS
TYPE
SPECIFICATIONS
DETAILS
VALLEY FLASHING
MC-12B, MC-17, MC-17A, MC-17B
PAN FLASHING
CHANNEL FLASHING
WALL TRAYS FLASHING
MC-12, MC-12A, MC-12B, MC-13, MC-13A
HEADWALL FLASHING
ROOF TO WALL FLASHING
APRON FLASHING
COUNTER FLASHING
Z BAR FLASHING
MC-11, MC-11A
NO. 26 GALVANIZED SHEET GAUGE
MC-11, MC-12, MC-13, MC-13A
NOT LESS THAN 0.019"
DRIP EDGE FLASHING
EAVE FLASHING
RAKE FLASHING
ASTM A653
MC-10, MC-10A, MC-10B, MC-10C, MC-10D
G90
CHIMNEY FLASHING
SKYLIGHT FLASHING
SADDLE FLASHING
MC-12B, MC-19, MC-19A
MC-14, MC-14A, MC-15, MC-15A, MC-16A, MC-16B
PIPE FLASHING
DECK FLASHING
MC-02, MC-21
ROOF VENTS
ATTIC VENTS
PROFILE TILE FLASHING
MC-21
SOFT LEAD NOT LESS THAN 3 LBS / SQ.FT
DEAD SOFT ALUMINUM NOT LESS THAN 0.019"
SOFT COPPER NOT LESS THAN 16 OZ/SQ.FT
MC-02
ACCESSORIES
TYPE
BIRDSTOP
EAVE RISER
WEATHER BLOCKING
SPECIFICATIONS
DETAILS
PER MANUFACTURER
MC-10A, MC-10B, MC-10C, MC-23, MC-25
PER MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATIONS
MC-18, MC-18A, MC-18B
* All flashings above are considered minimums.
* For other special metal type upgrades see IBC Tables 1507.4.3(1) and 1507.4.3(2) or lRC Tables R905.10.3(1) and R905.10.3(2), as applicable.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
Freeze Thaw – Different climatic conditions will result in
the need for different roofing materials that will allow the
success of the roofing system over the long-term.
Resistance to freeze/thaw is very important in weathering
situations where the roofing material is expected to withstand repetitive freezing and thawing cycles. Both
Concrete and Clay Tile must have passed the requirements of ASTM C1492 (Concrete) ASTM C1167 (Clay) for
freeze thaw regions.
Strength – A Concrete (ASTM C1492) or Clay tile’s
(ASTM C1167) transverse strength will meet or exceed
requirements of the specified codes.
Thickness – Roof tile typically ranges in thickness from
3/8" to 11/2", depending upon composition, type and style.
Quantities of Tile Per Square – The size of the tile and
the exposure of each course of tile determines the number
of tile needed to cover one square (100 sq. ft.) of roof area.
When the tile is installed at the manufacturer’s maximum
exposure, the number of tile needed to cover one square
of roof area may range from 75 to over 400 pieces.
Tile Weight – The size of the tile and the exposure of
each course will determine the installed weight of the roof
tile. In general, the amount of tile to cover one square
(100 sq ft.) set at the standard 3 inch head lap, will depend
on the thickness, length, width, shape and aggregate
materials used in the manufacturing process of the tile.
Please consult with the tile manufacturer when determining the weight of the specific tile that will be used. As with
any roofing material the designer should always consider
the weight of the underlayment, fastening system, roof
accessories and special hip/ridge treatments.
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE
Concrete Tile – Cementitious materials such as portland
cement, blended hydraulic cements and fly ash, sand,
raw or calcined natural pozzolans and aggregates shall
conform to the following applicable ASTM specifications.
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Concrete Tile ASTM C1492 Specifications –
Portland Cement – Specification C150 or
Performance Specification C1157
Modified Portland Cement – Specification C90
Blended Cement – Specification C595
Pozzolans – Specification C618
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag –
Specification C989
Aggregates such as normal weight and lightweight
shall conform to the following ASTM specifications;
except that grading requirements do not apply.
Normal Weight Aggregates – Specification C33
Lightweight Aggregates – Specification C331
Clay Tile – Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or
other similar naturally occurring earthly substances and
subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures
(firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond
between the particulate constituents to provide the
strength and durability requirements.
Clay Tile ASTM C1167 Specifications –
Terminology for structural clay products – C43
Test methods and sampling and testing brick and
structural clay – C67
Test methods for tensile strength of flat sandwich
construction in flat wise plane – C297
Test method for crazing resistance of fired glazed
ceramic whitewares by thermal shock
method – C 554
Additional Standards for Concrete & Clay Tile may
be referenced in the following additional standards:
IBC/IRC
ASCE 7-05
ASCE 7-10
ICC-ES AC 152
ICC-ES AC180 CAN/CSA – A220.1-M91
Adhesive – Bonding materials designed to stick tiles to
tiles, or tiles to a substrate and can include mortar, synthetic mortar, mastics, silicones, polymers, Trig-polymers,
or other materials approved by the local building official.
Contact the adhesive manufacturer for additional information. Refer to current evaluation reports of roof tile adhesives for installation requirements and conditions of use.
Batten – A sawed strip of wood installed horizontally and
parallel to the eave line which is mechanically attached to
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Specifications
TILE SPECIFICATIONS/
RECOMMENDATIONS
5
Specifications
6
TRI/ WSRCA
the roof deck or rafters to engage the anchor lugs to prevent
slippage of the roof tile. Battens of nominal 1"x2" lumber
complying with IBC Chapter 23, section 2302 may be
dimensionally increased in size to accommodate structural
loads for snow or unsupported spans over counter battens
or rafters. Battens may also be corrosion resistant metal,
or other man-made material that meets the approval of
the local building official. In dry/low humidity climates
moisture resistant battens are not required. See Tables 1A
and 1B on pages 10 and 11.
Battens installed over counter battens or which span over
rafters commonly are of soft wood, spruce, pine, or fir
type species but may be of any type of lumber, metal or
man-made materials that meet the approval of the
local building official. See table 2 on page 12.
Counter Battens – Additional set of battens installed
vertically and parallel to the roof slope and mechanically
attached to the roof deck under the batten. Counter
battens are commonly 1/4 inch lath but may be dimensionally increased in size to provide a greater flow of air
or moisture beneath the horizontal battens. Counter
battens do not need to be of moisture resistant lumber as
they do not impede moisture flow. Counter battens may
also be of corrosion resistant metal or other man-made
materials that meet the approval of the local building
official. See table 2 on page 12.
Note: If counter battens are installed under the underlayment, caution must be used to prevent damage to underlayment or reinforced underlayment shall be used.
Note: Care should be taken in selecting the proper batten
design. Excessive deflection of the batten may lead to tile
breakage. See table 2 on page 12.
Caulking and Sealant
Caulking and sealants shall be suitable for exterior use
and be resistant to weathering. The caulking and sealants
shall be compatible with and adhere to the materials to
which they are applied.
Nails and Fastening Devices
Corrosion resistant meeting ASTM A641 Class 1 or approved
corrosion resistance, of No. 11 gauge diameter and of sufficient length to properly penetrate 3/4" into or through the
thickness of the deck or batten, whichever is less.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
The head of the nail used for tile fastening shall not be less
than 5/16" (.3125") and complying with ASTM F 1667 for
dimensional tolerances (+0%, -10%).
Nail Length –
Nailing of Batten
Nails for fastening battens shall have sufficient length to
penetrate at least 3/4" into the roof frame or sheathing.
Nailing Tile to Batten and Direct Deck Systems
Nails for fastening roof tiles shall penetrate at least
3/4" into the batten or through the thickness of the
deck, whichever is less. Once the batten is installed it
becomes part of the deck for fastening purposes.
Nailing Tile to Battens on Counter Batten or
Draped Underlayment Systems
Nails for fastening roof tiles shall penetrate at least
3/4" but should not penetrate the underlayment.
Nailing Accessories
Where nail(s) are required for fastening accessories,
such nails shall have sufficient length to penetrate at
least 3/4" into the supporting member.
Screws – Corrosion resistant meeting code approval
equal of sufficient length to properly penetrate ¾" into or
through the thickness of the deck or batten, whichever is
less. Screw diameter and head size should be selected to
meet good roofing practices and the screw manufacturer’s recommendations. See above section on nail length for
additional requirements.
Staples for Battens – No 16 gauge by 7/16 inch-crown
by minimum 11/2 inch long corrosion-resistant staples.
Flashing – Flashing shall be installed at wall and roof
intersections, wherever there is a change in roof slope or
direction and around roof openings. Where flashing is of
metal, it shall be of;
0.019" Galvanized (G90)
16 Oz Copper
0.019" Aluminum
3 lb Soft Lead.
Underlayment Materials
Single layer underlayments shall meet the minimum
requirements of ASTM D226 Type II (No. 30 Felt) (ASTM
D4869 Type IV), or approved equal.
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TRI/ WSRCA
7
GENERAL INFORMATION
Algae/Moss – In certain climatic regions of the country,
the development of algae and/or moss can occur on any
building material. Unlike other roofing materials, the formation of these items can easily be treated and does not
deteriorate the roofing tile. The growth of moss and algae
form on the dirt and moisture on the surface of the tile.
Moss – In most cases the use of a high pressure cleaner
will remove the presence of the moss that traditionally
grows in the dirt/pine needles or other debris that accumulates on the edge of the tile. Note that you may wish
to contact a professional to clean your roof, since roofs
can be extremely dangerous to walk on.
Shading – Slight variations in sand, cement, and color
oxides (natural products) can cause minimal color shading.
This slight variance is not detectable through standard
quality control practices. In order to minimize color patterning, stair stepping, or hot-spots, tile should be selected
and spread over the entire roof plane when loading the tile
on the roof.
Broken Tile Replacement – The broken tile is first
removed, if battens were used originally, existing fasteners
if any, are cut, removed, underlayment repaired and the
new tile is inserted. If no battens were used, a 12" x 6" by
½" plywood piece is nailed to the deck to act as a batten.
As an alternative, new tiles may be inserted using roofers
mastic, hooks, wires or approved adhesives to form the
bond at the head of the lap area. See pages 65 and 66 (Tile
Repair).
Efflorescence – Efflorescence is a temporary surface
discoloration common to all concrete based roofing tile.
It is a nuisance not only to the manufacturer, but also
those involved in specification, installation, and usage. It
is however, in no way detrimental to the overall quality,
structural integrity, or functionality of the tile.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
It is difficult to predict how long the effects of efflorescence
will last. It depends on the type and amount of deposit as
well as the local weather conditions. The action of carbon
dioxide and rain water will gradually, in most cases,
remove the deposit leaving the original color of the concrete roof tile intact without further efflorescence.
Walkability – The inert nature of tile, its characteristics of
strength over age, and its durability will contribute to a long
term life expectancy. With a good installation and reasonable precautions against severe roof traffic, a tiled
roof system will require very low maintenance. Walking
on a roofing tile should be done with extreme caution.
Place antennas and roof mounted equipment where a
minimum of roof traffic will be necessary for servicing
and maintenance. If necessary to walk on the tile surfaces, pressure should only be applied on the headlap of
the tile units (lower 3-4 inches). This distributes the load
near the bearing points of the tile. When painting or
repairing adjoining walls or appurtenances, safely cover
the tile surface with secured plywood to distribute traffic
loads and prevent dirt, building materials, and paint/stain
from damaging or discoloring the tile.
Weather Effects On Tile – After constant exposure to
nature’s elements some tile can be expected to lighten to
some degree from the original color or lose some surface
texture. This is due primarily to the effects of oxidation
on the surface of the tile. This will not effect the structural integrity or water shedding abilities of the tile.
Vermin Screening – Metal, honeycomb plastic, foam
fillers, mortar or equivalent should be considered to seal
larger access areas. This will help minimize the access of
birds and vermin infiltration.
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Installation
Algae – Like the moss, the algae can be easily removed
through the use of pressure washers. Often times a very
dilute amount of bleach can help kill the algae and slow
down the re-occurrence. Again, this should be left to the
professionals to perform.
Efflorescence is mostly caused by the chemical nature of
the cement. Manufactured cement contains free lime, and
when water is added, a series of chemical reactions take
place. These reactions are accompanied by the release of
calcium hydroxide which can form a white chalky crystalline salt deposit on the tile surface when reacting with
carbon dioxide. This reaction can appear as an overall
“bloom” (overall softening of color) or in more concentrated patches.
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TRI/ WSRCA
NEW CONSTRUCTION
See Tables 1A, 1B and 3 for specific code related installation requirements.
Installation
Sheathing – Sheathing must be structurally adequate to
support the loads involved and of a material recognized
in a code evaluation report or as approved by the local
building official.
Underlayment – One layer of minimum ASTM D226
Type II (No. 30 felt) (ASTM D4869 Type IV) or approved
equal, with a recognized code evaluation report, shall
completely cover the decking and be lapped over hips and
ridges and through valleys. Underlayment shall be lapped
6" vertical (end or side lap) and 2" horizontally (head lap).
On roof slopes below 3:12 an approved multi-ply membrane roof such as a built-up roof system, applied in
accordance with Table 1A, or a single-ply roof membrane
assembly, or other underlayment systems approved by
the local building official, is first installed. Tile installed at less
than 3:12 shall be considered decorative.
Where roof slopes fall between 3:12 and under 4:12,
underlayment shall be as described in the previous paragraph, underlayments meeting ASTM D1970 (such as
EPDM, Ice and Water Shield), or two layers of ASTM D226
Type II (No. 30 felt) (ASTM D4869 Type IV), installed
shingle fashion, or single ply roof membrane assembly
installed per code, or other approved underlayments.
In locations where the January mean temperature is 25
deg. F (-4 deg C) or less or where ice damming often
occurs, the TRI/WSRCA suggests reference to the
Concrete and Clay Tile Roof Design Criteria Manual for
Cold and Snow Regions.
Roof Layout – To achieve the optimum performance
and appearance, the roof area between the eave and
ridge should be divided into equal tile courses, when possible. A minimum 3-inch overlap must be maintained for
all tile, unless the tile design precludes. The actual layout
of the roof courses will be determined by the length of
the specific tile being installed. Medium profiled tiles can
be installed either straight or staggered bond.
Batten Installation – Tiles with projecting anchor lugs
that are installed on battens below 3:12 slopes shall be
required to have one of the following batten systems or
other methods as approved by the local building officials.
are considered decorative only and must be applied on
counter battens over an approved membrane roof covering,
subject to local building official approval.
Nominal 1 inch by 2 inch, or greater, wood batten strips
(See counter batten system.) installed over a counter
batten system are required where slopes fall below 3:12
in order to minimize membrane penetration. Nominal 1
inch by 2 inch, or greater, wood battens are required
where slopes exceed 7:12, to provide positive tile anchoring.
Battens are nailed to the deck with 8D corrosion resistant
box nails 24 inches on center, or No 16 gauge by 7/16
inch-crown by 11/2 inch long corrosion-resistant staples
on 12-inch centers, allowing a 1/2" separation at the
batten ends. Tile installed on roof slopes of less than 3:12
Counter Batten System – Counter battens 1/4” and
larger in height will be installed vertically on the roof to
provide the space between the battens, to which the tiles
are attached, and the roof deck, thus facilitating air flow
capability and moisture drainage.
Taking the anticipated roof loading into account, design
COPYRIGHT © 2015
Please consult with the individual manufacturer for additional information.
Battens installed on roof slopes of 4:12 to 24:12 shall be
fastened to the deck at no greater than 24 inches on center,
and shall have provisions for drainage by providing ½-inch
separation at the batten ends every 4 feet, or by shimming
with a minimum 1/4" material of wood lath strips, 2-inch
shims, cut from multiple layers of material, placed
between the battens and deck to provide drainage beneath
the battens or other methods approved by the local building official. Tile installed without projecting anchor lugs
may be installed as provided above as an optional method
of installation.
consideration should be given to the size and quality of
the wooden battens or sheathing boards used to support
the roof tile covering.
If the battens are not strong enough to support the anticipated loading, including the roof tile and snow and/or ice,
the battens could deflect between the support points
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9
causing roof tile breakage and/or other roof damage. Knots
and knot holes weaken the batten. See Table 2 on page 12.
Note: If a counter batten system is to be installed under the
underlayment, caution must be used to prevent damage to the
underlayment or a reinforced underlayment will be used.
Roof structure must be adequate to support the anticipated roof load of tile.
Clay and concrete roofing tiles, recognized as a Class A
roof assembly passing testing according to ASTM E 108,
UL 790 or recognized in accordance with IRC section
R902.1, will be allowed to be installed over existing
asphalt shingles, plywood or OSB.
Care will be taken to ensure both horizontal and vertical
alignment on the roof.
Foreign matter will be cleaned from all interlocking areas.
Cracked or broken tile must be removed from the roof.
Damaged, rusted, improper flashing will be replaced.
When reroofing wood shake/shingle roofs, existing
shakes/shingles shall be removed and solid sheathing
decking, tile, and flashings installed as with new construction. One layer of ASTM D226 Type II (No. 30) (ASTM
D4869 Type IV) felt or approved equal underlayment shall
be installed on the roof prior to application of tile. When
installed over existing spaced sheathing boards, underlayment recognized by the local building code, for this type
of application with, or without battens, will be used.
In lieu of such underlayment’s being provided, the building
official has the discretion to determine if the existing roof
covering provides the required underlayment protection.
Check with local building official for any additional
requirements.
Follow installation requirements as listed for new construction, once these items listed have been addressed.
VENTILATION GUIDELINES
The need for proper attic ventilation is required by most
building code authorities, in accordance with the IBC and
IRC. These codes recognize that the proper ventilation is
a necessary component of any successful steep slope roof
system.
Generally building codes require that a minimum net free
COPYRIGHT © 2015
ventilating area for attic vents be a 1:150 ratio of the attic
space being ventilated, the codes generally allow for the
reduction of the ratio from 1:150 to 1:300 if the attic vents
are a balanced system on a roof and/or a vapor retarder is
installed on a ceiling assembly’s warm side. Check with
local building official for regional requirements.
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Installation
REROOFING
TRI/ WSRCA
10
TABLE 1A
ROOFING TILE APPLICATION1 FOR ALL TILES
Installation
ROOF SLOPE 2 ½ UNITS VERTICAL IN 12 UNITS
HORIZONTAL (21% Slope) TO LESS THAN 3 UNITS
VERTICAL IN 12 UNITS
ROOF SLOPE 3 UNITS VERTICAL IN
12 UNITS HORIZONTAL (25% Slope)
AND OVER
Deck Requirements
Sheathing must be adequate to support the loads involved, but not less than nominal 1-inch thick lumber or 15/32 inch
thick plywood or other decking material recognized in a code evaluation report or by the local building official.
The use of sheathing less than 15/32-inch will require supporting data.
Underlayment
In climate areas subject to wind
driven snow, roof ice damming or
special wind regions as shown in
UBC Chapter 16, Figure 16-1 as
defined by local building official.
Built-up membrane, multiple plies, three plies minimum, applied
per building code requirements or code approved alternate.
Other Climates
Attachment 2
Type of Fasteners
Number of fasteners 1,2
Minimum one layer ASTM D226 Type II (No.30 Felt)
(ASTM D4869 Type IV) head lapped 2 inches and
end lapped 6 inches, or approved equal per UBC.
For roof slopes of 3:12 to <4:12, two (2) layers of
felt are required per IBC and IRC.
Fasteners shall comply with IRC section R905.3.6 and IBC section 1507.3.6 and UBC Section 1507.3. Corrosion resistant
meeting ASTM A641Class I or approved equal, number 11 gauge diameter and of sufficient length to properly penetrate ¾"
into or through the thickness of the deck or batten 2, whichever is less. The head of the nail used for tile fastening shall not
be less than 5/16 inches and shall comply with ASTM F1667 for dimensional tolerances. Other fastening systems such
as screws, wire, or adhesive based systems as approved by code, or local building officials will be allowed.
One fastener per tile. Flat Tile without vertical laps, two
fasteners per tile. Tiles installed with projecting anchor lugs
will be installed on counter battens, or other code approved
methods.
Field Tile Head Lap
Flashing
1
Same as for other climate areas, except that
extending from the eaves up the roof to a line 24"
inside the exterior wall line of the building, two
layers of underlayment shall be applied shingle fashion
and solidly cemented together with an approved
cementing material per UBC. As an option code
approved self adhering membrane will be allowed.
Two fasteners per tile. Only one fastener on slopes
of 7 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58.3%
slope) and less for tiles with installed weight
exceeding 7.5 pounds per square foot, having a
width no greater than 16 inches. 3
3 inches minimum, unless precluded by tile design
Flashing shall be (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) not less than 0.019 inch corrosion-resistant metal with a minimum of
0.90 ounce zinc/sq. ft. (total for both sides) G90 sheet metal or equal.
For jurisdictions enforcing the:
IBC: In snow areas, a minimum of two fasteners per tile are required or battens and one fastener.
IRC: In snow areas, a minimum of two fasteners per tile are required.
UBC: In snow areas, a minimum of two fasteners per tile are required, or interlocking tiles with anchor lugs engaged on battens with one fastener.
2
In areas designated by the local building official as being subject to wind velocities in excess of 100 miles per hour “basic (3 second gust) wind speed” per the
IBC and the IRC or where mean roof height exceeds 40 feet, but not more 60 feet above grade, all tiles shall be attached as follows;
3
2.1
The head of all tiles shall be fastened.
2.2
The noses of all eave course tiles shall be fastened with clips, or other methods of attachment as approved by building code officials.
2.3
All rake tiles shall be secured with two fasteners when required by IBC table 1507.3.7 and IRC section R905.3.7.
2.4
The noses of all ridge, hip and rake tiles will be set in a bead of approved roofers mastic.
2.5
Other methods of tile fastening will be allowed based upon submission of testing and approval of building code officials.
2.6
For jurisdiction enforcing IBC and IRC, see appendix B for design considerations for high wind applications.
On roof slopes over 24 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (200% slope), the nose end of all tiles shall be securely fastened.
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01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
TABLE 1B (Alternative option) For Roof Slopes Below 4:12 See Table 1A
ROOFING TILE APPLICATION FOR INTERLOCKING CONCRETE AND CLAY TILES
WITH PROJECTING ANCHOR LUGS WHEN INSTALLED ON ROOF SLOPES OF 4 UNITS
VERTICAL IN 12 UNITS HORIZONTAL (33% Slope) AND GREATER
4 UNITS VERTICAL IN 12 UNITS HORIZONTAL (33% Slope) and over
Deck Requirements
Sheathing must be adequate to support the loads involved, but not less than nominal 1-inch thick lumber or 15/32- inch
thick plywood or other decking material recognized in a code evaluation report or by the local building official. The use
of sheathing less than 15/32- inch will require supporting data.
Underlayment
In climate areas subject to wind
driven snow, roof ice damming
or wind regions as defined by
local building codes
Solid sheathing one layer of ASTM D226 Type II (No. 30) (ASTM D4869 Type IV), or approved equal, lapped 2 inches
horizontally and 6 inches vertically, except that extending from the eaves up the roof to a line 24 inches inside the
exterior wall line of the building, two layers of the underlayment shall be applied shingle fashion and solidly cemented
together with approved cemented material. As an option a code approved self adhering membrane may be used.
Underlayment for
Other Climates
For spaced sheathing, approved reinforced membrane. For solid sheathing, a minimum single layer ASTM D226
Type II (No 30) (ASTM D4869 Type IV), or approved equal, felt lapped 2 inches horizontally and 6 inches vertically.
Attachment1
Type of Fasteners
Fasteners shall comply with IRC section R905.3.6 and IBC section 1507.3.6 and UBC Section 1507.3 and shall comply with
ASTM F1667 for tolerances. Corrosion resistant meeting ASTM A641 Class 1 or approved equal, or number 11 gauge
diameter and of sufficient length to properly penetrate ¾" into or through the thickness of the deck or batten 3, whichever is
less. The head of the nail used for tile fastening will not be less than 5/16 inches and shall comply with ASTM F1667 for
tolerances. Other fastening systems such as screws, wire or adhesive based systems as approved by code, or local building
officials will be allowed. Horizontal battens are required on solid sheathing for slopes greater than 7 units vertical in 12 units
horizontal (58.3% Slope).1, 2
Number of fasteners
Spaced/Solid sheathing
With Battens or spaced sheathing 1, 2
5 units vertical in 12 units horizontal and below (42% slope), fasteners not required. Above 5 units vertical in 12 units
horizontal (42% slope) to less than 12 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (100% slope), one fastener per tile every
other row or every other tile in each course. Twelve units vertical in 12 units horizontal (100% Slope) to 24 units vertical
in 12 units horizontal (200% slope), one fastener every tile4. All perimeter tiles require one fastener5. Tiles with installed
weight less than 9 pounds per square foot require a minimum of one fastener per tile, regardless of roof slope. See
current codeapproved evaluation report for additional installation requirement.
Solid sheathing without battens 1, 2
One fastener per tile
Field Tile Head Lap
3 inches minimum unless precluded by tile design
Flashing
Flashing shall be (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) not less than 0.019 inch corrosion-resistant metal with a minimum of
0.90 ounce zinc/sq. ft. (total for both sides) G90 sheet metal or equal.
1
For jurisdictions enforcing the:
IBC: In snow areas, a minimum of two fasteners per tile are required or battens and one fastener.
IRC: In snow areas, a minimum of two fasteners per tile are required.
UBC: In snow areas, a minimum of two fasteners per tile are required, or interlocking tiles with anchor lugs engaged on battens with one fastener.
2
In areas designated by the local building official as being subject to wind velocities in excess of 100 miles per hour “basic (3 second gust) wind speed”
per the IBC and the IRC or where mean roof height exceeds 40 feet, but not more 60 feet above grade, all tiles shall be attached as follows;
2.1
The head of all tiles shall be fastened.
2.2
The noses of all eave course tiles shall be fastened with clips, or other methods of attachment as approved by building code officials.
2.3
All rake tiles shall be secured with two fasteners when required by IBC table 1507.3.7 and IRC section R905.3.7.
2.4
The noses of all ridge, hip and rake tiles will be set in a bead of approved roofers mastic.
2.5
Other methods of tile fastening will be allowed based upon submission of testing and approval of building code officials.
2.6
For jurisdiction enforcing IBC and IRC, see appendix B for design considerations for high wind applications.
Battens shall not be less than nominal 1-inch by 2-inch complying with IBC Chapter 23, section 2302. Provisions shall be made for drainage beneath battens
by a minimum ¼-inch riser at each nail or by 4 foot long battens with at least ½-inch separation between battens or other methods approved by local building
officials. For jurisdictions enforcing the UBC, battens shall be fastened with approved fasteners spaced not more than 24" O.C. For jurisdictions enforcing the
IBC horizontal battens are required for slopes over 7:12.
4 On roof slopes over 24 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (200% slope), the nose end of all tiles shall be securely fastened.
5 Perimeter fastening areas include three tile courses but not less than 36 inches from either side of hips or ridges and edges of eaves and gable rakes.
3
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TABLE 3
GUIDELINES FOR BATTENS & COUNTER BATTENS
ROOF SLOPE
STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
OPTIONAL UPGRADE(S)
2 1/2 / 12 (21%) TO LESS
THAN 3/12 (25%)
Counter Batten System
Refer to Counter Batten Systems (Page 6) & MC-05 /
MC-06A
Alternates:
Corrosive resistant metal, or other man-made
material that meets the allowable loads (see
Table 2), in a valid and approved evaluation
report ,and/or approval of the local building
official.
Not Required
See below for special climatic conditions
Nominal* 1" x 2" x 4' or less
(min 1/2" separation between battens)
Nominal* 1" x 2" x greater than 4'
(Provision for drainage beneath batten with
min 1/4" thick decay-resistant riser at each
fastener)
Counter Batten
Refer to Counter Batten Systems (Page 6)
& MC-05 / MC-06A
Alternates:
Corrosive resistant metal, or other manmade material that meets the approval of
the local building official and/or a valid and
recognized batten system.
GREATER THAN
7/12 (58.3%)
Nominal* 1" x 2" x 4'
(min 1/2" separation between battens)
Counter Batten
Refer to Counter Batten Systems (Page 6)
& MC-05 / MC-06A
Nominal* 1" x 2" x 8'
(Provision for drainage beneath batten with min 1/4" thick
decay-resistant riser at each fastener)
Alternates:
Corrosive resistant metal, or other manmade material that meets the approval of
the local building official and/or a valid and
recognized batten system.
Nominal:* Refer to IBC, Chapter 23 (WOOD),
SECTION 2302 (DEFINITIONS).
Allowable Loads: When using counter battens, refer to
Table 2 for additional load considerations.
Batten Fastening: 24" OC to the deck with 8d corrosive
resistant nails.
12" OC to the deck with No 16 gauge
by 7/16-inch crown by 1 1/2-inch long
corrosive-resistant staples.
Once the batten is installed, it becomes
part of the deck for fastening purposes.
Climatic Conditions: In dry/low humidity climates, moisture
resistant battens are not required.
Consideration should be given to lower
slope roofs that are susceptible to wind
driven snow and rain. Optional upgrades
should be considered.
Standard 4' battens fastened direct to
the deck are not allowed in the Cool/
Humid climate zone. Batten systems
that provide drainage/air-flow (shims,
counter battens or other approved
systems) are required.
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Hot/humid climate
Cool/humid climate
Mixed and cold climate
Hot/ dry and cool/dry climates
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3/12 (25%) TO
7/12 (58.3%)
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TABLE 4
Appendix A
ROOF SLOPE CONVERSION
Slope/Pitch
Slope %
Ratio
Angle (deg.)
4:12
5:12
6:12
7:12
8:12
9:12
10:12
12:12
14:12
15:12
16:12
18:12
20:12
24:12
28:12
32:12
36:12
40:12
44:12
48:12
33
42
50
58
67
75
83
100
117
125
133
150
167
200
233
267
300
333
367
400
1:3
1:2.4
1:2
1:1.7
1:1.5
1:1.13
1:1.2
1:1
1.2:1
1.25:1
1.3:1
1.5:1
1.7:1
2:1
2.3:1
2.7:1
3:1
3.3:1
3.7:1
4:1
18.4
22.6
26.6
30.3
33.7
36.9
39.8
45.0
50.2
51.3
52.4
56.3
59.5
63.4
66.5
69.7
71.6
73.1
74.9
76.0
TABLE 5
METRIC CONVERSION
1 inch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 mm
oFahrenheit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 x o C + 32
1 foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.8 mm
1 pound (mass)/sq. ft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.88 kg/m2
1 sq. inch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.2 mm2
1 yd 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.765 m3
1 sq. foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0929 m2
1 inch of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.8 Pa
1 pound (mass) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.453 kg
1 inch of mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3377 Pa
1 pound/ft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.594 N/m
1 mph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.61 km/h
1 pound/sq. in. . . . . . . . . . . . 6894 Pascals (1 pa-N/m2)
1 gallon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.785 liters
1 pound/sq. ft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.88 Pascals
1 square (100 sq. ft.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.28 m2
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For Informational Purposes Only–These have not been evaluated by Uniform ES.
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DRAPED UNDERLAYMENT APPLICATIONS
Underlayment applications under battens (e.g.,
sarking systems or open batten systems) that is
recognized in a valid evaluation report for this use
and approved by local building officials.
Two types of underlayment may be used in draped
applications:
Rolled underlayment (non-rigid)
Rigid underlayment (rigid board)
INSTALLATION OF UNDERLAYMENT
UNDER SPACED SHEATHING (Draped Underlayment)
ROLLED UNDERLAYMENT
RIGID UNDERLAYMENT
A tapered antiponding board not less than 8" x 1/2" shall be
nailed to the top of the fascia board to prevent the underlayment from sagging below the line of the fascia board.
Rigid underlayment shall be installed with the longest side
horizontal, allowing a minimum 6" side lap on the trusses
or rafters and a minimum 4" head lap.
The underlayment shall drape not less than 3/4" and no
more than 1 1/2" between the trusses or rafters.
3/4"
Appendix B
The underlayment shall be laid over the ridge to provide
6" laps in each direction at ridges (providing a minimum
12" overlap).
The underlayment shall be laid over the hip to provide
minimum 6" side laps in each direction at hips and shall be
fastened at two adjacent trusses or rafters.
When ending a roll in the field or the truss or rafter, begin a
new roll one full truss or rafter back creating 24" side lap
and mechanically fix both end and starter rolls on a member.
At roof-to-wall and roof-to-curb intersections/abutments
the underlayment shall be turned up not less than 6" and
shall be fastened to the abutting wall.
A lining ply or sheet of underlayment shall be installed in
the valley and extend not less than 24" on each side of the
valley center line. Underlayment shall be laid from each
adjacent roof side parallel with the fascia board, or
downslope roof perimeter, and shall be brought to the
valley centerline.
Vents and protrusions such as plumbing stacks shall be
flashed or sealed at the underlayment layer with membrane compatible sealant to prevent water from passing
into the attic space.
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At the eave the underlayment shall overhang not less than
and shall be protected by an approved self adhering
membrane a minimum of 6" on both sides.
Where a fascia board is used, the underlayment shall be
fastened to the top of the fascia board and the junction of
the trusses or rafters at the fascia.
The underlayment shall lap ridges and hips a minimum 6" in
each direction, providing a total 12" overlap. At hip locations fastened to an adjacent truss or rafter.
A lining ply or base sheet shall be installed in the valley
and extend not less than 24" on each side of the valley
center line. The head lap shall be a minimum of 4".
Vents and protrusions, such as plumbing stacks, shall be
flashed or sealed at the underlayment layer with membrane compatible sealant to prevent water from passing
into the attic space.
TILE BATTENS FOR SPACED SHEATHING
Tile battens for spaced sheathing shall be a minimum 1" x 4"
nominal spruce/pine/fir (SPF) standard No. 2 or better
grade, or structurally equal. Fasteners and other fastening
devices shall be corrosion resistant with shanks a minimum No. 11 gauge diameter and of sufficient length to
penetrate 3/4" into the truss or rafter.
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ADHESIVE SECUREMENT SYSTEMS
(WHEN USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO MECHANICAL FASTENING)
As an alternative to mechanical fastening of roof tiles, the
use of foam adhesive securement systems that are
approved by the authority having jurisdiction may be
used.
The restrictions, if any, are found in the code approval or
evaluation report and will address any special considerations
for underlayment attachment climate restrictions and the
required amount and placement of the foam adhesive materials to provide the code required uplift resistance when
installed on direct deck and batten applications for concrete and clay tile.
When deciding to use foam adhesives for the securement
of tile, consideration must be made on the compatibility
of the adhesive to the underlayment surface. Although
most code approved foam adhesives bond well to a variety
of products like smooth or granulated underlayments,
metal, concrete, clay, wood, etc., typically, they do not
adhere to polyethylene or silicon surfaced products.
Design Considerations For High Wind Applications
Under The 2009 IBC And IRC (ASCE 7-05)
Please refer to Tile Manufacturer’s valid and approved evaluation report for additional details.
The Tile Roofing Institute has derived various uplift resistance values for nails, screws and adhesive fastening systems. Each of these methods of installation may have limiting
factors depending upon wind speed, roof slope and roof
height. Please consult with your tile supplier or design professional for additional information about these optional
systems for those unique installations.
Design of Attachment System:
Building is a low rise structure located in an Exposure B region where
the basic wind speed is 140 mph (3-second gust). The building is a
Category II structure. The mean roof height of the building is 30 feet.
The roof is a gable roof with a roof slope of 3:12. The terrain around
the building does not abruptly change so as to create any wind
speedup effects due to channeling, or shielding. The building is not
located on a hill, ridge, or escarpment that would cause the wind to
speedup. The roof tiles will be flat/low profile concrete roof tile
with a total tile length of 16-½" and an exposed width of 11". The
roof tiles weigh 9 pounds each. The roof covering is installed on
solid sheathing.
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IRC: On buildings having a maximum mean roof height of
40 feet (12.2m), tile application must comply with IRC section R905.3.7. For higher basic wind speeds or mean roof
heights, installation must be in compliance with IBC
Sections 1507.3.7 & 1609.5.3.
The following design aids are provided to the roof designer
for consideration in determining the required aerodynamic
uplift moment for roof tiles for wind applications beyond
the prescriptive requirements in the IBC or IRC. These
tables were developed based on the requirements of IBC
Section 1609.5.3 and ASCE 7-05. Buildings and other
structures that represent a substantial hazard to human life
in the event of failure are to be designed using an
Importance Factor of 1.15 (See ASCE 7-05, Table 1-1 for
more information).
Example 1: Calculate the Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment
and the Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance from Table 7:
Velocity Pressure:
qh = 0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd V2 I
(ASCE 7 - 6.5.10)
qh = velocity pressure elevation at height z (psf)
Kz = velocity pressure exposure coefficient at height z
(ASCE 7 - Table 6-3)
Kz = 0.70
Kzt = topographic factor
Kzt = 1.00
(ASCE 7 - Figure 6-4)
cont’d on page 78
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Appendix B
The installation requirements provided in Table 1A and
1B provide the normal installation guidelines for concrete
and clay tile to comply with the International Building
Code (Section 1507.3.7). The installation of tile in the
specific regions of the country that are identified by ASCE
7-05 as subjected to wind speeds in excess of 100 miles
per hour, may be required to have additional fastening
options not found in Tables 1A and 1B.
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cont’d from page 77
Kd = wind directionality factor
Kd = 0.85
V = basic wind speed (mph)
(ASCE 7 - Figure 6-1)
V = 140 mph
I = importance factor
I = 1.00
qh = 0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd V2 I = 0.00256 (0.70) (1.00) (0.85)
(140 mph)2 (1.00)
qh = 29.85 psf
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment:
Ma = qh CL b L La (1- GCp)
qh = velocity pressure elevation at mean roof height h (psf)
qh = 29.85 psf
(IBC - Section 1609.5.3)
b = exposed width of roof tile (ft)
b = 11" ~ 0.917'
L = length of roof tile (ft)
Appendix B
L = 16-½" ~ 1.375'
La = moment arm for the roof tile = 0.76 L
(IBC - Section 1609.7.3)
La = 0.76 (16-½") = 12.54" ~ 1.045'
GCp = product of external pressure coefficient and gust factor
GCp = -2.6
Note: The external pressure coefficient for Zone 3 was selected to
calculate the required aerodynamic uplift moment. The use of this
external pressure coefficient is conservative for zones 1 and 2.
Ma = qh CL b L La (1- GCp) = (29.85 psf) (0.2) (0.917')
(1.375') (1.045') (1 - [-2.6])
Ma = 28.3 ft lbf
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance:
For a direct deck installation select a fastening system from Table 7,
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moments - Mechanical Fastening
Systems that is equal to or greater than 28.3 ft-lbf in order to comply with the code, such as 2-10d ring shank nails or 1-#8 screw.
2-10d ring shank nails = 39.1 ft-lbf (TRIG Manual - Table 7)
1-#8 screw = 39.1 ft-lbf
The flat/low concrete roof tile is within the combined maximum tile
length and maximum exposed width listed in Table 6E, Maximum
Combination of Tile Length and Tile's Exposed Width. This roof
tile may be designed using the appropriate Table 5 or Table 6.
Based on the exposure and the roof pitch the appropriate table is
Table 5A, Exposure B - Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment.
Table 5A indicates that the required aerodynamic uplift moment for
this roof covering, Ma, is 30.3 ft-lbf.
Required aerodynamic uplift moment, Ma, = 30.3 ft lbf
(IBC - Eq. 16-33)
Ma = aerodynamic uplift moment (ft-lbf)
CL = lift coefficient = 0.2
Example 2: Determine the Required Aerodynamic Uplift
Moment using Table 5 or Table 6 and Allowable Aerodynamic
Uplift Resistance from Table 7:
(TRIG Manual - Table 7)
(TRIG Manual - Table 5A)
Note: The difference between the Ma's in Example 1 and Example
2 is in the tile factor. Table 5 and Table 6 are based on a tile factor
of 1.407 ft³ while the actual tile factor for this roof tile is 1.318 ft³.
(Tile Factor = b L La = (0.917') (1.375') (1.045') = 1.318 ft³).
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance:
For a direct deck installation select a fastening system from Table
7A, Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moments - Mechanical Fastening
Systems that is equal to or greater than 30.3 ft-lbf in order to comply with the code, such as 2-10d ring shank nails or 1-#8 screw.
2-10d ring shank nails = 39.1 ft-lbf
Example 3: Design the Roof Tile Installation for a
Lightweight Roof Tile:
The roof tile installation is identical to the previous examples
except that the roof tiles lightweight roof tiles weighing 5 pounds
each.
The flat/low lightweight concrete roof tile is within the combined
maximum tile length and maximum exposed width listed in Table
6E, Maximum Combination of Tile Length and Tile's Exposed
Width. This roof tile may be designed using the appropriate Table 5
or Table 6.
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment:
Based on the exposure and the roof pitch the appropriate table is
Table 5A, Exposure B - Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment.
Table 5A indicates that the required aerodynamic uplift moment for
Ma, = 30.3 ft lbf
(TRIG Manual - Table 5A)
cont’d on page 79
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
79
cont’d from page 78
Mechanical Attachment Resistance:
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance:
For a direct deck installation select a fastening system from Table 7,
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moments - Mechanical Fastening Systems
select an attachment resistance that is equal to or greater than 30.3 ft-lbf.
Use 1-#8 screw which has a resistance of 39.1 ft-lbf.
The allowable aerodynamic uplift resistance for the flat/low lightweight
concrete roof tile is the sum of the attachment resistance plus the
restoring gravity moment for the flat/low lightweight concrete roof tile.
(TRI Manual - Table 7)
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance, Mall = Mf + Mg = 32.6 ftlbf + 3.17 ft-lbf = 35.77 ft-lbf
Attachment Resistance:
Mall = 35.8 ft-lbf > Ma, = 30.3 ft lbf
Determine the attachment resistance with the generic restoring gravity
moment used in Table 7. Footnote 10 for Table 7 states that the table
is based on a generic restoring gravity moment of 6.5 ft-lbf for a direct
deck installation and 5.5 ft-lbf for a batten installation. Based on a direct
deck installation the attachment resistance for 1-#8 screw is 32.6 ft-lbf.
The use of 1-#8 screw to install each lightweight roof tile complies
with the code for uplift resistance.
Mf = 39.1 ft-lbf - 6.5 ft-lbf = 32.6 ft-lbf
Restoring Gravity Moment:
From Table 6F the restoring gravity moment for a roof tile weighing
5 lbm is 3.17 ft-lbf
Mg = 3.17 ft-lbf
(TRI Manual - Table 6F)
Appendix B
TABLE 5A
Exposure B (ASCE 7-05)
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment1
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment, Ma (ft-lbf)
Exposure B
Gable Roof 2 ½:12 < θ < 6:12 (12° < θ < 27°)
Hip Roof 5 ½:12 < θ < 6:12 (25° < θ < 27°)
Basic Wind Speed, V (mph)
Mean Roof
Height (ft)
85
90
100
105
110
120
125
130
Importance Factor = 1.00
140
145
150
170
0-30
11.2
12.5
15.4
17.0
18.7
22.2
24.1
26.1
30.3
32.5
34.7
44.6
40
12.1
13.6
16.8
18.5
20.3
24.1
26.2
28.3
32.9
35.3
37.7
48.5
50
12.9
14.5
17.9
19.7
21.6
25.7
27.9
30.2
35.0
37.6
40.2
51.6
60
13.6
15.2
18.8
20.8
22.8
27.1
29.4
31.8
36.9
39.6
42.4
54.4
0-30
12.8
14.4
17.8
19.6
21.5
25.6
27.7
30.0
34.8
37.3
40.0
51.3
40
13.9
15.6
19.3
21.3
23.3
27.8
30.1
32.6
37.8
40.5
43.4
55.7
50
14.8
16.6
20.6
22.7
24.9
29.6
32.1
34.7
40.3
43.2
46.2
59.4
60
15.6
17.5
21.6
23.9
26.2
31.2
33.8
36.6
42.4
45.5
48.7
62.6
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
80
TRI/ WSRCA
TABLE 5B
Exposure B
Hip Roof 2 ½:12 < θ < 5 ½:12 (12° < θ < 25°)
Mean Roof
Height (ft)
85
90
100
105
110
120
125
130
140
145
150
170
0-30
40
50
60
8.4
9.1
9.7
10.2
9.4
10.2
10.9
11.4
11.6
12.6
13.4
14.1
12.8
13.9
14.8
15.6
14.0
16.7
18.1
15.2
18.1
19.6
16.2
19.3
20.9
17.1
20.3
22.1
Importance Factor =
19.6
21.3
22.6
23.9
1.15
22.7
24.6
26.3
27.7
24.4
26.4
28.2
29.7
26.1
28.3
30.2
31.8
33.5
36.3
38.7
40.8
0-30
40
50
60
9.6
10.4
11.1
11.7
10.8
11.7
12.5
13.2
13.3
14.5
15.4
16.2
14.7
15.9
17.0
17.9
16.1
17.5
18.6
19.6
22.5
24.4
26.0
27.4
26.1
28.3
30.2
31.8
28.0
30.4
32.4
34.1
30.0
32.5
34.7
36.5
38.5
41.8
44.5
46.9
19.2
20.8
22.2
23.4
20.8
22.6
24.1
25.4
Appendix B
TABLE 5C
Exposure B
Gable Roof 6:12 < θ < 12:12 (27° < θ < 45°)
Mean Roof
Height (ft)
85
90
100
105
110
120
125
130
140
145
150
170
0-30
40
50
60
6.8
7.4
7.9
8.3
7.6
8.3
8.8
9.3
9.4
10.2
10.9
11.5
10.4
11.3
12.0
12.7
11.4
13.6
14.7
12.4
14.8
16.0
13.2
15.7
17.1
13.9
16.6
18.0
Importance Factor =
15.9
17.3
18.5
19.4
1.15
18.5
20.1
21.4
22.5
19.8
21.5
23.0
24.2
21.2
23.1
24.6
25.9
27.3
29.6
31.6
33.2
0-30
40
50
60
7.8
8.5
9.1
9.6
8.8
9.5
10.2
10.7
10.9
11.8
12.6
13.2
12.0
13.0
13.8
14.6
13.1
14.3
15.2
16.0
18.3
19.9
21.2
22.4
21.3
23.1
24.6
25.9
22.8
24.8
26.4
27.8
24.4
26.5
28.3
29.8
31.4
34.1
36.3
38.2
COPYRIGHT © 2015
15.6
17.0
18.1
19.1
17.0
18.4
19.6
20.7
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
81
TABLE 5D
Exposure B
Monoslope Roof 2 ½:12< θ < 6 ¾:12 (12° < θ < 30°)
Mean Roof
Height (ft)
85
90
100
105
110
120
125
130
140
145
150
170
0-30
12.1
13.6
16.7
18.4
20.2
24.1
26.1
28.3
32.8
35.2
37.6
48.3
40
13.1
14.7
18.2
20.0
22.0
26.2
28.4
30.7
35.6
38.2
40.9
52.5
50
14.0
15.7
19.4
21.3
23.4
27.9
30.2
32.7
37.9
40.7
43.6
55.9
60
14.7
16.5
20.4
22.5
24.7
29.4
31.9
34.5
40.0
42.9
45.9
58.9
0-30
13.9
15.6
19.2
21.2
23.3
27.7
30.1
32.5
37.7
40.5
43.3
55.6
40
15.1
16.9
20.9
23.0
25.3
30.1
32.6
35.3
40.9
43.9
47.0
60.4
50
16.1
18.0
22.3
24.5
26.9
32.1
34.8
37.6
43.6
46.8
50.1
64.3
60
16.9
19.0
23.5
25.9
28.4
33.8
36.6
39.6
46.0
49.3
52.8
67.8
TABLE 6A
Exposure C (ASCE 7-05)
Appendix B
Exposure C
Gable Roof 2 ½:12 < θ < 6:12 (12° < θ < 27°)
Hip Roof 5 ½:12 < θ < 6:12 (25° < θ < 27°)
Mean Roof
Height (ft)
85
90
100
105
110
120
125
130
140
145
150
170
0-15
20
25
30
40
50
60
13.5
14.4
15.1
15.6
16.6
17.4
18.1
15.2
16.1
16.9
17.5
18.6
19.5
20.3
18.7
19.9
20.8
21.7
23.0
24.1
25.1
20.6
21.9
23.0
23.9
25.4
26.6
27.6
36.7
39.0
40.8
42.4
45.1
47.3
49.1
39.3
41.8
43.8
45.5
48.4
50.7
52.7
42.1
44.7
46.9
48.7
51.8
54.2
56.4
54.1
57.5
60.2
62.6
66.5
69.7
72.4
0-15
20
25
30
40
50
60
15.5
16.5
17.3
18.0
19.1
20.0
20.8
17.4
18.5
19.4
20.2
21.4
22.5
23.3
21.5
22.9
24.0
24.9
26.5
27.7
28.8
23.7
25.2
26.4
27.5
29.2
30.6
31.8
22.6
26.9
29.2
24.1
28.6
31.1
25.2
30.0
32.6
26.2
31.2
33.8
27.8
33.1
35.9
29.2
34.7
37.7
30.3
36.1
39.1
Importance Factor =
26.0
31.0
33.6
27.7
32.9
35.7
29.0
34.5
37.4
30.1
35.9
38.9
32.0
38.1
41.3
33.5
39.9
43.3
34.9
41.5
45.0
42.2
44.8
47.0
48.8
51.8
54.3
56.5
45.2
48.1
50.4
52.4
55.6
58.3
60.6
48.4
51.4
53.9
56.0
59.5
62.4
64.8
62.2
66.1
69.2
72.0
76.5
80.1
83.3
COPYRIGHT © 2015
31.6
33.6
35.2
36.6
38.9
40.7
42.3
1.15
36.4
38.6
40.5
42.1
44.7
46.9
48.7
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
82
TRI/ WSRCA
TABLE 6B
Exposure C
Hip Roof 2 ½:12 < θ < 6:12 (12° < θ < 27°)
Mean Roof
Height (ft)
85
90
100
105
110
120
125
130
140
145
150
170
0-15
20
25
30
40
50
60
10.1
10.8
11.3
11.7
12.5
13.1
13.6
11.4
12.1
12.7
13.2
14.0
14.6
15.2
14.0
14.9
15.6
16.2
17.3
18.1
18.8
15.5
16.4
17.2
17.9
19.0
19.9
20.7
27.5
29.2
30.6
31.8
33.8
35.4
36.8
29.5
31.3
32.9
34.1
36.3
38.0
39.5
31.6
33.5
35.2
36.5
38.8
40.7
42.3
40.6
43.1
45.2
46.9
49.9
52.3
54.3
0-15
20
25
30
40
50
60
11.7
12.4
13.0
13.5
14.3
15.0
15.6
13.1
13.9
14.6
15.1
16.1
16.8
17.5
16.1
17.1
18.0
18.7
19.8
20.8
21.6
17.8
18.9
19.8
20.6
21.9
22.9
23.8
17.0
20.2
21.9
23.7
18.0
21.5
23.3
25.2
18.9
22.5
24.4
26.4
19.6
23.4
25.4
27.4
20.9
24.8
27.0
29.2
21.9
26.0
28.3
30.6
22.7
27.1
29.4
31.8
19.5
23.2
25.2
27.3
20.7
24.7
26.8
29.0
21.7
25.9
28.1
30.4
22.6
26.9
29.2
31.6
24.0
28.6
31.0
33.5
25.2
29.9
32.5
35.1
26.1
31.1
33.8
36.5
31.6
33.6
35.2
36.6
38.9
40.8
42.4
33.9
36.1
37.8
39.3
41.7
43.7
45.4
36.3
38.6
40.4
42.0
44.6
46.8
48.6
46.6
49.6
51.9
54.0
57.3
60.1
62.4
Appendix B
TABLE 6C
Exposure C
Gable Roof 6:12 < θ < 12:12 (27° < θ < 45°)
Mean Roof
Height (ft)
85
90
100
105
110
120
125
130
140
145
150
170
0-15
20
25
30
40
50
60
8.3
8.8
9.2
9.6
10.2
10.6
11.1
9.3
9.8
10.3
10.7
11.4
11.9
12.4
11.4
12.1
12.7
13.2
14.1
14.7
15.3
12.6
13.4
14.0
14.6
15.5
16.2
16.9
22.4
23.8
25.0
25.9
27.6
28.9
30.0
24.0
25.5
26.8
27.8
29.6
31.0
32.2
25.7
27.3
28.6
29.8
31.6
33.2
34.4
33.0
35.1
36.8
38.2
40.6
42.6
44.2
0-15
20
25
30
40
50
60
9.5
10.1
10.6
11.0
11.7
12.2
12.7
10.7
11.3
11.9
12.3
13.1
13.7
14.3
13.2
14.0
14.6
15.2
16.2
16.9
17.6
14.5
15.4
16.1
16.8
17.8
18.7
19.4
13.8
16.5
17.9
19.3
14.7
17.5
19.0
20.5
15.4
18.3
19.9
21.5
16.0
19.1
20.7
22.4
17.0
20.2
22.0
23.8
17.8
21.2
23.0
24.9
18.5
22.0
23.9
25.9
15.9
18.9
20.5
22.2
16.9
20.1
21.8
23.6
17.7
21.1
22.9
24.7
18.4
21.9
23.8
25.7
19.6
23.3
25.3
27.3
20.5
24.4
26.5
28.6
21.3
25.4
27.5
29.8
25.8
27.4
28.7
29.8
31.7
33.2
34.5
27.6
29.4
30.8
32.0
34.0
35.6
37.0
29.6
31.4
32.9
34.2
36.4
38.1
39.6
38.0
40.4
42.3
44.0
46.7
49.0
50.9
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
83
TABLE 6D
Exposure C
Monoslope Roof 2 ½:12< θ < 6 ¾:12 (12° < θ < 30°)
Mean Roof
Height (ft)
85
90
100
105
110
120
125
130
140
145
150
170
0-15
20
25
30
40
50
60
14.6
15.6
16.3
16.9
18.0
18.9
19.6
16.4
17.4
18.3
19.0
20.2
21.2
22.0
20.3
21.5
22.6
23.5
24.9
26.1
27.1
22.3
23.7
24.9
25.9
27.5
28.8
29.9
39.7
42.2
44.2
46.0
48.8
51.2
53.2
42.6
45.3
47.5
49.3
52.4
54.9
57.1
45.6
48.5
50.8
52.8
56.1
58.8
61.1
58.6
62.2
65.2
67.8
72.0
75.5
78.4
0-15
20
25
30
40
50
60
16.8
17.9
18.8
19.5
20.7
21.7
22.6
18.9
20.1
21.0
21.8
23.2
24.3
25.3
23.3
24.8
26.0
27.0
28.7
30.0
31.2
25.7
27.3
28.6
29.7
31.6
33.1
34.4
24.5
29.2
31.7
26.1
31.0
33.7
27.3
32.5
35.3
28.4
33.8
36.6
30.2
35.9
38.9
31.6
37.6
40.8
32.8
39.1
42.4
Importance Factor =
28.2
33.6
36.4
30.0
35.7
38.7
31.4
37.4
40.6
32.6
38.8
42.1
34.7
41.3
44.8
36.3
43.3
46.9
37.8
44.9
48.8
45.7
48.5
50.9
52.9
56.2
58.9
61.2
49.0
52.1
54.6
56.7
60.3
63.2
65.6
52.5
55.7
58.4
60.7
64.5
67.6
70.2
67.4
71.6
75.0
78.0
82.8
86.8
90.2
34.3
36.4
38.1
39.6
42.1
44.1
45.9
1.15
39.4
41.9
43.9
45.6
48.4
50.8
52.7
Maximum Combination of Tile Length and Tile's Exposed Width
Maximum Tile
Length (inches)
20
18-½
18
17-½
16-½
16
15-½
15
14-½
14
Maximum
Exposed Width
(inches)
8
9-1/4
9-3/4
10-1/4
11-3/4
12-½
13-1/4
14
15
15
TABLE 6F
Restoring Gravity Moment (ASCE 7-05)
Tile Weight (lbs)
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mg (ft-lbft)
3.17
3.80
4.43
5.06
5.7
6.33
Notes for Tables 5A through 6F:
1. Roof tiles shall comply with the following dimensions:
(1) The total length of the roof tile shall be between 1.0 foot and 1.75 feet.
(2) The exposed width of the roof tile shall be between 0.67 feet and 1.25 feet.
(3) The maximum thickness of the tail of the roof tile shall not exceed 1.3 inches.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Appendix B
TABLE 6E
Maximum Dimensions to Satisfy Tile Factor of 1.407 ft3 (ASCE 7-05)
84
TRI/ WSRCA
Notes cont’d from page 83
2. The required aerodynamic uplift moments in these tables are based on a roof tile that has a Tile Factor of 1.407 ft3.
The required aerodynamic uplift moment for roof tiles with a Tile Factor other than 1.407 ft3 may be determined by
using the following procedure. These tables are conservative for roof tiles with a Tile Factor less than 1.407 ft3.
(1) Calculate the Tile Factor for the desired roof tile.
Tile Factor = b (L) (La)
b = exposed width of the roof tile (ft)
L = total length of roof tile (ft)
La = moment between point of rotation and the theoretical location of the resultant of the wind uplift force.
For the standard roof tiles the moment arm = 0.76 L (See IBC - Section 1609.7.3)
(2) Based on exposure, roof style, roof pitch, importance, basic wind speed, and mean roof height select the appropriate required aerodynamic uplift moment from the tables for the desired roof tile.
(3) Multiply the selected required aerodynamic uplift moment by the ratio of the tile factor for the desired roof tile
and 1.407 ft3.
(4) Select an attachment system that is equal to or greater than the calculated required aerodynamic uplift moment
in step 3.
3. Table 6E provides a combination of exposed widths and total lengths that generate a Tile Factor of 1.407 ft3. The table
"Maximum Combination of Tile Length and Tile's Exposed Width" provides a listing of tiles that fit this Tile Factor.
TABLE 7
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moments
Mechanical Fastening Systems
Direct Deck Installation
Appendix B
Roof Tile Profiler
Flat/Low
Medium
High
Flat/Low
Medium
High
Flat/Low
Medium
High
Flat/Low
Medium
High
Flat/Low
Medium
High
Flat/Low
Medium
High
Flat/Low
Medium
High
COPYRIGHT © 2015
15/32" Sheathing (plywood
or code approved
equivalent)
2-10d ring shank nails
(18-22 rings per inch)
1-#8 screw
2-#8 screws
1-10d smooth or screw
shank nail
shank nails
shank nail with clip
Allowable Aerodynamic
Uplift Resistance
(ft-lbf)
39.1
36.1
28.6
39.1
33.3
28.7
50.1
55.5
51.3
13.5
12.9
11.3
20.2
19.1
13.1
25.2
25.2
35.5
38.1
38.1
44.3
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
85
TABLE 7 (Cont’d)
Mechanical Fastening Systems
Batten Installation
or code approved
equivalent)
Uplift Resistance
(ft-lbf)
Flat/Low
Medium
High
24.6
36.4
26.8
Flat/Low
Medium
High
1-#8 screw
25.6
30.1
25.5
Flat/Low
Medium
High
2-#8 screws
36.1
41.9
37.1
Flat/Low
Medium
High
shank nail
10.1
8.7
8.2
Flat/Low
Medium
High
shank nails
12.8
11.9
12.7
Flat/Low
Medium
High
27.5
27.5
29.4
Flat/Low
Medium
High
37.6
37.6
47.2
Direct Deck Installation
Roof Tile Profiler
or code approved
equivalent)
Uplift Resistance
(ft-lbf)
Flat/Low
Medium
High
46.4
45.5
41.2
Flat/Low
Medium
High
shank nail
16.0
15.2
13.0
Flat/Low
Medium
High
shank nails
25.0
23.4
15.4
Notes for Table 7:
1. For attachment systems not listed in the table for 19/32" sheathing use the allowable aerodynamic uplift resistance from
the table for 15/32" sheathing.
2. Fasteners shall have a minimum edge distance of 1-½ inches from the head of the tile and located in the pan of the tile
to obtain the values in Table 7. Consult the tile manufacturer for additional limitations or restrictions.
Notes cont’d on page 86
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Appendix B
Roof Tile Profiler
86
TRI/ WSRCA
Appendix B
Notes for Table 7(Cont’d):
3. Ring shank nails shall be 10d ring shank corrosion resistant steel nails with the following minimum dimensions: (3 inches
long, 0.283 inch flat head diameter, 0.120 inch undeformed shank diameter or 0.131 inch screw diameter).
4. Smooth or screw shank nails shall be 10d corrosion resistant steel (with the following minimum dimension. 3 inch
5. Screws are #8 course threaded, 2.5 inches long corrosion-resistant steel wood screws conforming to ANSI/ASME
B 18.6.1.
6. The fastener hole nearest the overlock shall be used when a single nail or screw is required. The fastener hole nearest
the underlock and the fastener hole nearest the overlock shall be used when two nails or screws are required.
7. When using eave and field clips, attachment of the tiles is accomplished by a combination of nails and clips. Tiles are
nailed to the sheathing or through the battens to the sheathing with one or two 10d corrosion resistant nails (Note
2 and 3 above) as required by Tables 5 and 6. Additionally, each tile is secured with a 0.060 inch thick and 0.5 inch
wide clip which is secured to the plywood sheathing or eave fascia, as appropriate, with a single nail per clip. The
nail shall be placed in the hole closest to the tile for clips having more than one nail hole. The following clip/nail
combinations are permitted:
(1) Aluminum alloy clip with 1.25 inch HD galvanized roofing nail (0.128 inch shank diameter).
(2) Galvanized steel deck clip with 1.25 inch HD galvanized roofing nail (0.128 inch shank diameter).
(3) Stainless steel clip with 1.25 inch HD galvanized roofing nail (0.128 inch shank diameter).
8. Field clips and eave clips are to be located along the tile where the clip's preformed height and the tile's height above
the underlayment are identical.
9. Counter batten values not included.
10. For attachment systems not listed in table for 19/32 inch sheathing, use allowable aerodynamic uplift moment from
table for 15/32 inch sheathing.
11. The allowable aerodynamic uplift moments include a generic restoring gravity moment of 6.5 ft-lbf for a direct deck
installation and a generic restoring gravity moment of 5.5 ft-lbf for a batten installation."
Additional Notes [outside the scope of Uniform ES ER-2015 or this manual]
Adhesive Fastening Systems
Refer to the adhesive manufacturer for the allowable aerodynamic uplift moment for the installation method used to
comply with the applicable code requirements. Installation of roof tiles using the adhesive system should be done by
technicians trained and having a current certification by the adhesive manufacturer to comply with the applicable code
requirements.
Mortar Fastening Systems
Refer to the pre-bagged mortar mix manufacturer for the allowable aerodynamic uplift moment for the installation method
used to comply with the applicable code requirements. Mixing of mortar at the jobsite is not a recommended practice.
Installation of roof tiles using the mortar system should be done by technicians trained and having a current certification
by the mortar mix manufacturer to comply with the applicable code requirements.
Design Considerations for Installations in Earthquake Regions
[Outside the scope of Uniform ES ER-2015 or this manual.]
The Tile Roofing Institute in conjunction with the University
of Southern California, Structural Engineering Department
conducted a series of testing on the Seismic Performance of
Concrete and Clay Tile. The testing concluded that
Concrete and Clay tile, when installed according to ICC
code requirements, withstood forces almost twice the code
requirements for structures.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
Tile is the only roofing material to have conducted such
testing on roof assemblies and is pleased to report that
concrete and clay tile will not require any additional fastening requirements, other than those required under the
current ICC code.
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
87
Design Considerations For High Wind Applications
Under The 2012 IBC And IRC (ASCE 7-10)
Please Refer to Tile Manufacturer’s valid and approved Evaluation Report for additional wind design details.
The installation requirements provided in Table 1A and 1B
provide the normal installation guidelines for concrete and clay
tile to comply with the 2012 International Building Code
(Section 1507.3.7). The installation of tile in the specific
region of the country that are identified by IBC as subjected to
wind speeds in excess of 110 miles per hour (Vasd), may be
required to have additional fastening options not found in
Tables 1A or 1B.
The Tile Roofing Institute has derived various uplift resistance
values for nail, screws and adhesive fastening systems. Some
of these methods of installation may have limiting factors
depending upon wind speed, roof slope and roof height.
Please consult with you tile supplier or design professional
for additional information about these optional systems for
those unique installations.
On buildings located in areas where IRC wind speeds do not
exceed 100 mph and having a maximum mean roof height of
40 feet (12.2 m), tile application must comply with 2012 IRC
Section R905.3.7. For higher basic wind speeds or mean roof
heights, installation must be in compliance with 2012 IBC
Sections 1507.3.7 & 1609.5.3.
The following design aids are provided to the roof designer for
consideration in determining the required aerodynamic uplift
moment for roof tiles for wind applications beyond the
prescriptive requirements in the IBC or IRC. These tables
were developed based on the requirement of 2012 IBC
Section 1609.5.3 and ASCE 7-10.
TABLE 8 (ASCE 7-10)
Conversion from Nominal Design Wind Speed to Vasd to Ultimate Design Wind
Speed Vult shall be converted as Vasd = Vult * 0.6 or from the following table;
Design Wind Speed Conversion (mph)
Vult
Vasd
110
85
120
93
130
101
140
108
150
116
160
124
170
132
180
139
190
147
For SI: 1 mile per hour = 0.44 m/s A linear interpolation is permitted.
Calculate the Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment and use
the Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance from Table 9.
Risk Category from Table 1.5-1 (ASCE 7-10): Velocity
pressure: qh = 0.00256*Kz*Kzt*Kd*V2
qh = velocity pressure at height z (psf)
Kd = wind directionality factor: ASCE 7-10, Table 26.6-1
(Kd = 0.85)
V = basic wind speed (mph) Fig. 26.5-1A (180 mph)
q = .00256* K * K * K * V2 = .00256 (0.7) (0.85)
h
z
zt
(1.0) (180mph2)
d
qh = 49.35 psf
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment
Ma = qh CL b L La (1.0-GC)
b = Exposed width, feet of the roof tile = 11" = 0.917'
CL = Lift Coefficient = 0.2 (IBC - Section 1609.5.3)
GCp = -2.6, Roof pressure coefficient for each applicable
roof zone determined from Figure 30.4-2B in
Chapter 30 of ASCE 7-10. Roof Coefficient shall
not be adjusted for internal pressure.
L = Length, feet of the roof tile = 16.5" = 1.375'
La = moment arm for the roof tile = 0.76L (IBC Section
1609.5.3) = 0.76 (1.375') = 1.045'
Kz = velocity pressure exposure coefficient at height z
(ASCE-7-10 Table 30.3-1) Kz = 0.7 for example
from Table 30.3-1)
Ma = Aerodynamic uplift moment, feet-pounds acting to
raise the tail of the tile
Kzt = topographic factor: Kzt = 1.0 (ASCE 10-11,
Section 26, 8.2)
qh = Wind velocity pressure, psf determined from
Chapter 30, ASCE 7-10.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Appendix C
Design of Attachment System:
Example 1:
A building is a low rise structure in an Exposure B region
where the ultimate design wind speed is 180 mph. The
building is a Category II structure. The mean height of the
building is 30 feet. The roof is a gable roof with a roof slope
of 3:12. The terrain around the building does not abruptly
change so as to create any wind speedup effects due to channeling, or shielding. The building is not located on a hill,
ridge, or escarpment that would cause the wind to speedup.
The roof tiles will be flat/low profile concrete roof tile with
a total tile length of 16-½"and exposed width of 11". The
roof tiles weigh 9 pounds each. The roof covering is installed
direct to deck on solid sheathing.
88
TRI/ WSRCA
Ma = 0.6qh CL b L La (1-GCp) = (0.6)49.35 (0.2) (.917)
(1.375) (1.045) (1-(-2.6)
indicates that the required aerodynamic uplift moment for
Ma = 28.1 ft-lbf
Mechanical Attachment Resistance
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance
For a direct deck installation select a fastening system from
Table 11, Allowable Uplift Moments - A mechanical fastening
system that is equal to or greater than 28.1 ft-lbf will be
required.
From Table 11 a 2-10d ring shank nail or 1 #8 screw at
39.1 ft-lbf would be selected.
Example 2
The building is the same as in example 1, except the flat/low
concrete roof tile in this example is now within the combined
maximum tile length and maximum exposed width listed in
Table 10A (1.407 ft3) for the allowable tile length and tile's
exposed width. This roof tile may be designed using the
appropriate Table 9A and Table 9B. Based on the exposure
and the roof pitch, the appropriate table is Table 9A,
(Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment for Tile). Exposure B
Table 9A indicates that the required aerodynamic uplift
moment for this roof covering, Ma is 30.0 ft-lbf.
Note: The difference between the Ma's in Example 1 and
Example 2 is in the tile factor in Example 2. Table 9A and
Table 9B are based on a tile factor of 1.407 ft3 while the actual
tile factor for this roof tile is 1.318 ft3. (Tile Factor = b•L•La
= (0.917) (1.375) (1.045) = 1.318 ft3. See Table 10A for
maximum dimensions to Satisfy Tile Factor of 1.407ft3.
Appendix C
Table 11, Allowable Uplift Moments - a mechanical fastening
system that is equal to or greater than 30 ft-lbf will be
required. From Table 11 a 2-10d ring shank nail or 1 #8
screw at 39.1 ft-lbf would be selected.
Example 3
The same building as found in example 1, but design the roof
tile installation for a lightweight roof tile. The roof tile installation is identical to the previous examples except that the
lightweight roof tiles weigh 5 pounds each. The flat/low
lightweight concrete roof tile is within the combined
maximum tile length and maximum exposed width listed in
Table 10A, Maximum Dimensions to Satisfy Tile Factor. This
roof tile may be designed using the appropriate Table 9A or
Table 9B.
Based on the exposure and the roof pitch the appropriate
table is Table 9A, Exposure B - Required Aerodynamic Uplift
Moment. Aerodynamic uplift moment for this roof covering
COPYRIGHT © 2015
Table 11, Allowable Uplift Moment-Mechanical Fastening
Systems select an attachment resistance that is equal to or
greater than 30.0 ft-lbf.
From Table 11 a 2-10d ring shank nail or 1 #8 screw at
39.1 ft-lbf would be selected.
Attachment Resistance
Determine the attachment resistance with the generic
restoring gravity moment used in Table 11. Footnote 11 for
Table 11 states that the table is based on a generic restoring
gravity moment of 6.5 ft-lbf for a direct deck installation and
5.5 ft-lbf for a batten installation. Based on a direct deck
installation the attachment resistance for 1-#8 screw is 32.6
ft-lbf.
Mf = 39.1 ft-lbf - 6.5 ft-lbf = 32.6 ft-lbf
From Table 10B, the restoring gravity moment for a
roof tile weighing 5 lbs. is 3.17 ft-lbf.
Ms = 3.17 ft-lbf (Table 6B)
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance
The allowable aerodynamic uplift resistance for the flat/low
lightweight concrete roof tile is the sum of the attachment
resistance plus the restoring gravity moment of the flat/low
lightweight concrete roof tile. See Table 10B for Restoring
Gravity Moment for various tile weights.
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance, Mall = Mf + Mg =
32.6 ft-lbf + 3.17 ft-lbf = 35.77 ft-lbf
Mall = 35.8 ft-lbf
Ma = 30.0 ft-lbf
The use of 1-#8 screw to install each lightweight roof tile
complies with the code for uplift resistance.
Note: For consideration of attachment of underlayments in high winds areas under the 2012 IBC and
2012 IRC, see Section 1507.3.3.3 of the 2012 IBC and
Section R905.3.3.3 of the 2012 IRC. Attachment of
underlayments must comply with the above mentioned sections.
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
Ma = 0.6qh CL b L L (I-GCp) = (0.6)49.35 (0.2) (.917) (1.375)
(1.045) (1-(-2.6)
Ma = 28.1 ft-lbf
89
Moment. Aerodynamic uplift moment for this roof covering
indicates that the required aerodynamic uplift moment for
this roof covering Ma is 30.0 ft-lbf.
Mechanical Attachment Resistance
Table 11, Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moment-Mechanical
Fastening System select an attachment resistance that is
equal to or greater than 30.0 ft-lbf.
From Table 11: 2-10d ring shank nail or 1 #8 screw at 39.1
ft-lbf would be selected
Table 11, Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moment-Mechanical
Fastening Systems select an attachment resistance that is
equal to or greater than 30.0 ft-lbf.
From Table 11: a 2-10d ring shank nail or 1 #8 screw at 39.14
ft-lbf would be selected.
Attachment Resistance
EXAMPLE 4
The building is the same as in example 1 , except the flat/low
concrete roof tile in this example is now within the combined maximum tile length and maximum exposed width listed
in Table 10A (1.407 ft2) for the allowable tile length and tile's
exposed width. This roof tile may be designed using the
appropriate Table 9A and Table 9B. Based on the exposure
and the roof pitch, the appropriate table is Table 5A,
(Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment for Tile). Exposure B
Table 9A indicated that the required aerodynamic uplift
moments for this roof covering. Ma is 30.0 ft-lfb.
Note: the difference between the Ma's in Example 1 and
Example 4 is in the tile factor in Example 4. Table 9A and
Table 9B are based on a tile factor of 1.407 ft3 while the actual tile factor for this roof tile is 1.318 ft3. (Tile Factor = b L
La = (0.917) (1.375) (1.045) = 1.318 ft3. See Table 10A for
maximum dimensions to Satisfy Tile Factor of 1.407ft3.
Determine the attachment resistance with the generic
restoring gravity moment used in Table 11. Footnote 11 for
Table 11 states that the table is based on a generic restoring
gravity moment of 6.5 ft-lbf for a direct deck installation and
5.5 ft-lbf for a batten installation. Based on a direct deck
installation the attachment resistance for 1-#8 screw is
32.6 ft-lbf.
Mf = 39.1 ft-lbf -6.5 ft-lbf = 32.6 ft-lbf
From Table 10B, the restoring gravity moment for a
roof tile weighting 5lbs. is 3.17 ft-lbf.
Ms = 3.17 ft-lbf (Table 10B)
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Resistance, Mall = Mf + Mg=
32.6ft-lbf + 3.17 ft-lbf= 35.77 ft-lbf
EXAMPLE 5
The same building as found in example 1, but design the Roof
Tile Installation for a Lightweight Roof Tile. The roof tile
installation is identical to the previous examples except that
the lightweight roof tiles weight 5 pounds each. The flat/low
lightweight concrete roof tile is within the combined maximum tile length and maximum exposed width listed in Table 6A,
Maximum Dimensions to Satisfy Tile Factor. This roof tile
may be designed using the appropriate Table 9A or Table 9B.
Based on exposure and the roof pitch the appropriate table
is Table 9A, Exposure B-Required Aerodynamic Uplift
COPYRIGHT © 2015
The allowable aerodynamic uplift resistance for the flat-low
lightweight concrete roof tile is the sum of the attachment
resistance plus the restoring gravity moment of the flat/low
lightweight concrete roof tile. See Table 10B for Restoring
Gravity Moment for various tile weights.
Mall = 35.8 ft-lbf Ma = 30.0 ft-lbf
The use of 1- #8 screw to install each lightweight roof tile
complies with the code for uplift resistance.
Note: For consideration of attachment of underlayments in high winds areas under the 2012 IBC and
2012 IRC, see Section 1507.3.3.3 of the 2012 IBC and
Section R905.3.3.3 of the 2012 IRC. Attachment of
underlayments must comply with the above mentioned sections.
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Appendix C
Table 11. Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moments - A
mechanical fastening system that is equal to or greater than
30 ft-lbf will be required. From Table 11: 2-10d ring shank nail
or 1 #8 screw at 39.1 ft-lbf would be selected.
90
TRI/ WSRCA
TABLE 9A (ASCE 7-10)
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment For Tile, Zone 3
Ma (ft-lbf) For Roof Pitches 6:12 and Less
Gable Roof 2 ½:12 < θ < 6:12 (12° < θ < 27°)
Hip Roof 5 ½:12 < θ < 6:12 (25° < θ < 27°)
Exposure B
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Ultimate Design Wind Speed in MPH
110
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.7
12.2
12.5
12.9
13.3
13.6
120
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.9
14.5
14.9
15.4
15.8
16.2
Exposure C
Appendix C
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
140
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.9
19.7
20.2
21.0
21.5
22.0
150
20.8
20.8
20.8
20.8
21.7
22.6
23.2
24.1
24.7
25.3
160
23.7
23.7
23.7
23.7
24.7
25.7
26.4
27.4
28.1
28.8
170
26.8
26.8
26.8
26.8
27.9
29.1
29.8
31.0
31.7
32.5
180
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
31.3
32.6
33.4
34.7
35.6
36.4
190
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
34.9
36.3
37.2
38.7
39.6
40.6
180
36.4
38.6
40.3
42.0
43.3
44.6
45.4
46.7
47.6
48.4
190
40.6
43.0
44.9
46.8
48.2
49.7
50.6
52.0
53.0
54.0
180
44.1
46.2
48.0
49.7
51.0
52.2
53.5
54.4
55.2
56.1
190
49.2
51.6
53.5
55.4
56.8
58.3
59.7
60.6
61.6
62.5
110
13.6
14.4
15.0
15.7
16.1
16.6
17.0
17.5
17.7
18.1
120
16.2
17.1
17.9
18.7
19.2
19.8
20.2
20.8
21.1
21.5
Exposure D
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
130
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
16.3
17.0
17.4
18.1
18.6
19.0
130
19.0
20.1
21.0
21.9
22.6
23.2
23.7
24.4
24.8
25.3
140
22.0
23.3
24.4
25.4
26.2
27.0
27.5
28.3
28.8
29.3
150
25.3
26.8
28.0
29.2
30.1
30.9
31.5
32.4
33.0
33.6
160
28.8
30.5
31.8
33.2
34.2
35.2
35.9
36.9
37.6
38.3
170
32.5
34.4
35.9
37.5
38.6
39.8
40.5
41.7
42.4
43.2
110
16.5
17.3
19.9
18.6
19.1
19.5
20.0
20.3
20.7
20.9
120
19.6
20.6
21.3
22.1
22.7
23.2
23.8
24.2
24.6
24.9
130
23.0
24.1
25.0
25.9
26.6
27.3
27.9
28.4
28.8
29.3
140
26.7
28.0
29.0
30.1
30.8
31.6
32.4
32.9
33.4
34.0
150
30.7
32.1
33.3
34.5
35.4
36.3
37.2
37.8
38.4
39.0
160
34.9
36.6
37.9
39.3
40.3
41.3
42.3
43.0
43.7
44.4
170
39.4
41.3
42.8
44.3
45.5
46.6
47.8
48.5
49.3
50.1
Wind Speeds are per ASCE 7-10 for Ultimate Design Wind Speed at 33 ft above ground. MRH=Mean Roof Height
in Feet For Roof Pitches 6:12 and Less Equates to Roof Slopes 12 deg < O < 27 deg for Zone 3.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
91
TABLE 9B (ASCE 7-10)
Ma (ft-lbf) For Roof Pitches Greater Than 6:12
Hip Roof 2 ½:12 < θ <5 ½:12 (12° < θ < 25°)
Exposure B
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
110
8.4
8.4
8.4
8.4
8.8
9.1
9.4
9.7
10.0
10.2
120
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.4
10.9
11.1
11.6
11.9
12.1
110
10.2
10.8
11.3
11.8
12.1
12.5
12.7
13.1
13.3
13.6
120
12.1
12.9
13.4
14.0
14.4
14.9
15.1
15.6
15.9
16.1
Exposure D
150
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
16.3
17.0
17.4
18.1
18.5
19.0
160
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
18.5
19.3
19.8
20.6
21.2
21.6
170
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.9
21.8
22.4
23.2
23.8
24.4
180
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
23.5
24.4
25.1
26.0
26.7
27.3
190
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
26.1
27.2
27.9
29.0
29.7
30.4
130
14.2
15.1
15.8
16.4
16.9
17.4
17.8
18.3
18.6
18.9
140
16.5
17.5
18.3
19.1
19.5
20.2
20.6
21.2
21.6
22.0
150
19.0
20.1
21.0
21.9
22.5
23.2
23.7
24.3
24.8
25.2
160
21.6
22.9
23.9
24.9
25.6
26.4
26.9
27.7
28.2
28.7
170
24.4
25.8
26.9
28.1
29.0
29.8
30.4
31.2
31.8
32.4
180
27.3
28.9
30.2
31.5
32.5
33.4
34.1
35.0
35.7
36.2
190
30.4
32.2
33.7
35.1
36.2
37.2
38.0
39.0
39.7
40.5
180
33.1
34.7
36.0
37.3
38.2
39.2
40.2
40.8
41.5
42.1
190
36.9
38.7
40.1
41.5
42.6
43.7
44.8
45.5
46.2
46.9
110
12.4
13.0
13.4
13.9
14.3
14.6
15.0
15.2
15.5
15.7
120
14.7
15.4
16.0
16.6
17.0
17.4
17.9
18.1
18.4
18.7
130
17.3
18.1
18.8
19.4
19.9
20.5
21.0
21.3
21.6
22.0
140
20.0
21.0
21.8
22.6
23.1
23.7
24.3
24.7
25.1
25.5
150
23.0
24.1
25.0
25.9
26.6
27.2
27.9
28.3
28.8
29.2
160
26.2
27.4
28.4
29.5
30.2
31.0
31.7
32.3
32.8
33.3
170
29.5
31.0
32.1
33.3
34.1
35.0
35.8
36.4
37.0
37.6
in Feet For Roof Pitches Less Than 6:12 Equates to Roof Slopes 12 deg < O < 25 deg for Zone 3.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Appendix C
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
140
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.6
14.2
14.8
15.2
15.7
16.1
16.5
Exposure C
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
130
11.7
11.7
11.7
11.7
12.2
12.7
13.1
13.6
13.9
14.2
92
TRI/ WSRCA
TABLE 9C (ASCE 7-10)
Ma (ft-lbf) For Roof Pitches Greater Than 6:12
Gable Roof 6:12 < θ <12:12 (27° < θ < 45°)
Exposure B
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
110
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
7.1
7.4
7.6
7.9
8.2
8.3
120
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.5
8.8
9.1
9.4
9.7
9.9
Exposure C
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Appendix C
140
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.6
12.0
12.4
12.8
13.1
13.5
150
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
13.3
13.8
14.2
14.7
15.1
15.5
160
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
15. 1
15.7
16.1
16.8
17.2
17.6
170
16.4
16.4
16.4
16.4
17. 1
17.8
18.2
18.9
19.4
19.9
180
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
19. 1
19.9
20.4
21.2
21.7
22.3
190
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4
21.3
22.2
22.8
23.6
24.2
24.8
180
22.3
23.6
24.6
25.7
26.4
27.2
27.8
28.5
29.1
29.6
190
24.8
26.3
27.4
28.6
29.5
30.3
30.9
31.8
32.4
33.0
180
27.0
28.3
29.3
30.4
31 .2
31.9
32.7
33.3
33.8
34.3
190
30.1
31.5
32.7
33.8
34.7
35.6
36.5
37.1
37.6
38.2
110
8.3
8.8
9.2
9.6
9.9
10.2
10.3
10.7
10.8
11.1
120
9.9
10.5
10.9
11.4
11.8
12.1
12.3
12.7
12.9
13.2
Exposure D
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
130
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
10.0
10.4
10.7
1 1.1
11.3
11.6
130
11.6
12.3
12.8
13.4
13.8
14.2
14.5
14.9
15.2
15.4
140
13.5
14.3
14.9
15.5
16.0
16.5
16.8
17.3
17.6
17.9
150
15.5
16.4
17.1
17.8
18.4
18.9
19.3
19.8
20.2
20.6
160
17.6
18.6
19.5
20.3
20.9
21.5
21.9
22.6
23.0
23.4
170
19.9
21.0
22.0
22.9
23.6
24.3
24.8
25.5
25.9
26.4
110
10.1
10.6
10.9
11.3
11.7
11.9
12.2
12.4
12.6
12.8
120
12.0
12.6
13.0
13.5
13.9
14.2
14.5
14.8
15.0
15.2
130
14.1
14.8
15.3
15.8
16.3
16.7
17.1
17.3
17.6
17.9
140
16.3
17.1
17.7
18.4
18.9
19.3
19.8
20.1
20.4
20.8
150
18.7
19.6
20.4
21.1
21.6
22.2
22.7
23.1
23.5
23.8
160
21.3
22.3
23.2
24.0
24.6
25.2
25.9
26.3
26.7
27.1
170
24.1
25.2
26.2
27.1
27.8
28.5
29.2
29.7
30.1
30.6
in Feet For Roof Pitches Greater Than 6:12 Equates to Roof Slopes 27 deg < O < 45 deg for Zone 3.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
93
TABLE 9D (ASCE 7-10)
Required Aerodynamic Uplift Moment For Tile, Zone 3, Ma (ft-lbf)
For Monoslope Pitches 2 1/2:12 < θ <6 3/4:12 (12° < θ < 30°)
Exposure B
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
110
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.7
13.2
13.5
14.0
14.4
14.7
120
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
15.1
15.7
16.1
16.7
17.1
17.5
Exposure C
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
140
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
20.5
21.3
21.9
22.7
23.3
23.9
150
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
23.5
24.5
25.1
26.1
26.8
27.4
160
25.7
25.7
25.7
25.7
26.8
27.9
28.6
29.7
30.4
31.2
170
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
30.2
31.5
32.3
33.5
34.4
35.2
180
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
33.9
35.3
36.2
37.6
38.5
39.5
190
36.2
36.2
36.2
36.2
37.8
39.3
40.3
41.9
42.9
44.0
180
39.5
41.8
43.6
45.5
46.9
48.3
49.2
50.6
51.5
52.5
190
44.0
46.6
48.6
50.7
52.2
53.8
54.8
56.4
57.4
58.4
180
47.8
50.1
52.0
53.9
55.2
56.6
58.0
59.0
59.9
60.8
190
53.3
55.9
57.9
60.0
61.6
63.1
64.7
65.7
66.7
67.8
110
14.7
15.6
16.3
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.4
18.9
19.2
19.6
120
17.5
18.6
19.4
20.2
20.8
21.5
21.9
22.5
22.9
23.3
Exposure D
130
20.6
21.8
22.8
23.7
24.5
25.2
25.7
26.4
26.9
27.4
140
23.9
25.3
26.4
27.5
28.4
29.2
29.8
30.6
31.2
31.7
150
27.4
29.0
30.3
31.6
32.6
33.5
34.2
35.1
35.8
36.4
160
31.2
33.0
34.5
35.9
37.0
38.1
38.9
40.0
40.7
41.4
170
35.2
37.3
38.9
40.6
41.8
43.1
43.9
45.1
46.0
46.8
110
17.9
18.7
19.4
20.1
20.6
21.2
21.7
22.0
22.4
22.7
120
21.3
22.3
23.1
23.9
24.6
25.2
25.8
26.2
26.6
27.0
130
24.9
26.2
27.1
28.1
28.8
29.5
30.3
30.8
31.2
31.7
140
28.9
30.3
31.5
32.6
33.4
34.3
35.1
35.7
36.2
36.8
150
33.2
34.8
36.1
37.4
38.4
39.3
40.3
40.9
41.6
42.2
160
37.8
39.6
41.1
42.5
43.7
44.8
45.9
46.6
47.3
48.1
170
42.7
44.7
46.4
48.0
49.3
50.5
51.8
52.6
53.4
54.2
in Feet For Roof Pitches 6 3/4:12 and Less Equates to Roof Slopes 12 deg < O < 30 deg for Zone 3.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Appendix C
MRH
0-15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
130
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.7
18.4
18.9
19.6
20.1
20.6
94
TRI/ WSRCA
TABLE 10A (ASCE 7-10)
MAXIMUM DIMENSIONS TO SATISFY TILE FACTOR OF 1.407 ft3
Maximum
Tile
Length
(inches)
Maximum
Exposed
Width
(inches)
20
18-1/2
18
17-1/2
16-1/2
16
15-1/2
15
14-1/2
14
8
9-1/4
9-3/4
10-1/4
11-3/4
12-1/2
13-1/4
13-3/4
14
15
TABLE 10B (ASCE 7-10)
RESTORING GRAVITY MOMENT
Tile Weight
(lbs)
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mg (ft-lbf)
3.17
3.80
4.43
5.06
5.7
6.33
Notes for Tables 9A through 10B:
Appendix C
1. Roof tiles shall comply with the following dimensions:
(1) The total length of the roof tile shall be between 1.0 foot and 1.75 feet.
(2) The exposed width of the roof tile shall be between 0.67 feet and 1.25 feet.
(3) The maximum thickness of the tail of the roof tile shall not exceed 1.3 inches.
2. The required aerodynamic uplift moments in these tables are based on a roof tile that has a Tile Factor of 1.407 ft3.
The required aerodynamic uplift moment for roof tiles with a Tile Factor other than 1.407 ft3 may be determined by
using the following procedure. These tables are conservative for roof tiles with a Tile Factor less than 1.407 ft3.
(1) Calculate the Tile Factor for the desired roof tile.
Tile Factor = b (L) (La)
b = exposed width of the roof tile (ft)
L = total length of roof tile (ft)
La = moment between point of rotation and the theoretical location of the resultant of the wind uplift force.
For the standard roof tiles the moment arm = 0.76 L (See IBC - Section 1609.5.3)
(2) Based on exposure, roof style, roof pitch, ultimate design wind speed, and mean roof height, select the appropriate
required aerodynamic uplift moment from the tables for the desired roof tile.
(3) Multiply the selected required aerodynamic uplift moment by the ratio of the tile factor for the desired roof tile
and 1.407 ft3.
(4) Select an attachment system that is equal to or greater than the calculated required aerodynamic uplift moment
in step 3.
3. Table 10A provides a combination of exposed widths and total lengths that generate a Tile Factor of 1.407 ft3. The table
"Maximum Combination of Tile Length and Tile's Exposed Width" provides a listing of tiles that fit this Tile Factor.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
95
TABLE 11 (ASCE 7-10)
Mechanical Roof Tile Resistance Values (ft-lbf) For Tile
Deck
Thickness
Method
Direct Deck
15/32"
Batten
19/32"
Direct Deck
Fastner Type
Low
Medium
High
1-10d smooth or screw shank nail, with clip
2-10d, smooth or screw shank nail, with clip
2- 10d ring shank nail
2- 10d ring shank nail, with 4" head lap
1- #8 Screw
2- #8 screw
1- # 8 screw
2- #8 screw
25.2
38.1
39.1
50.3
39.1
50.2
27.5
37.6
34.6
25.6
36.1
46.4
25.2
38.1
36.1
43.0
33.2
55.5
27.5
37.6
36.4
30.1
41.9
45.5
35.5
44.3
28.6
33.1
28.7
51.3
29.4
47.2
26.8
25.5
37.1
41.2
SS = Smooth Shank Nail or Screw Shank RS = Ring Shank
C = Clip HL = Head Lap
For mean roof heights over 60 ft, engineering calculations must be submitted for permitting.
Notes for Table 11:
For attachment systems not listed in the table for 19/32" sheathing use the allowable aerodynamic uplift resistance from
the table for 15/32" sheathing.
2.
Fasteners shall have a minimum edge distance of 1-½ inches from the head of the tile and located in the pan of the tile
to obtain the values in Table 7. Consult the tile manufacturer for additional limitations or restrictions.
3.
Ring shank nails shall be 10d ring shank corrosion resistant steel nails with the following minimum dimensions: (3 inches
4.
Smooth or screw shank nails shall be 10d corrosion resistant steel (with the following minimum dimension. 3 inch
5.
Screws are #8 course threaded, 2.5 inches long corrosion-resistant steel wood screws conforming to ANSI/ASME B 18.6.1.
6.
The fastener hole nearest the overlock shall be used when a single nail or screw is required. The fastener hole nearest
the underlock and the fastener hole nearest the overlock shall be used when two nails or screws are required.
7.
When using eave and field clips, attachment of the tiles is accomplished by a combination of nails and clips. Tiles are nailed to
the sheathing or through the battens to the sheathing with one or two 10d corrosion resistant nails (Note 2 and 3 above) as
required by Tables 5 and 6. Additionally, each tile is secured with a 0.060 inch thick and 0.5 inch wide clip which is secured
to the plywood sheathing or eave fascia, as appropriate, with a single nail per clip. The nail shall be placed in the hole closest
to the tile for clips having more than one nail hole. The following clip/nail combinations are permitted:
(1) Aluminum alloy clip with 1.25 inch HD galvanized roofing nail (0.128 inch shank diameter).
(2) Galvanized steel deck clip with 1.25 inch HD galvanized roofing nail (0.128 inch shank diameter).
(3) Stainless steel clip with 1.25 inch HD galvanized roofing nail (0.128 inch shank diameter).
8.
Field clips and eave clips are to be located along the tile where the clip's preformed height and the tile's height above
the underlayment are identical.
9.
Counter batten values not included.
10.
For attachment systems not listed in table for 15/32" sheathing, use allowable aerodynamic uplift moment from table
for 15/32" sheathing.
11.
The allowable aerodynamic uplift moments include a generic restoring gravity moment of 6.5 ft-lbf for a direct deck
installation and a generic restoring gravity moment of 5.5 ft-lbf for a batten installation.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Appendix C
1.
96
TRI/ WSRCA
Additional Notes outside the scope of Uniform ES ER-2015 or this manual
Allowable Aerodynamic Uplift Moments Adhesive Fastening Systems
Refer to the adhesive manufacturer for the allowable aerodynamic uplift moment for the installation method used to
comply with the applicable code requirements. Installation of roof tiles using the adhesive system should be done by
technicians trained and having a current certification by the adhesive manufacturer to comply with the applicable code
requirements.
Mortar Fastening Systems
Appendix C
Refer to the pre-bagged mortar mix manufacturer for the allowable aerodynamic uplift moment for the installation
method used to comply with the applicable code requirements. Mixing of mortar at the jobsite is not a recommended
practice. Installation of roof tiles using the mortar system should be done by technicians trained and having a current
certification by the mortar mix manufacturer to comply with the applicable code requirements.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
97
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Abutment: The intersection between the roof and the
chimney, wall or other vertical face.
beneath the horizontal battens and roof tile
Cricket: See Saddle.
Adhesives: A bonding agent to join two surfaces for the
purpose of permanent attachment as approved by the
local building official.
Anti-Ponding: A device such as beveled cant strip or shopformed sheet metal is recommended at all raised fascia
conditions to support the underlayment.
Batten: A nonstructrual horizontal fastening strip to which
the roof tiles are attached.
Batten Lugs: Protrusions (anchor lugs) on the underside of
the tile designed to engage over the upper edge of tiling
battens.
Bedding: Refers to the installation of roof tiles to a mortar
or adhesive foam patty and is structural in nature for the
basic securement.
Bird Stop: A product used at the eave of a profile tile roof
to stop birds from entering below the tile.
Booster Tile: Normally 3"-4" long tile strip used to lift up
the cover tile. Sometimes it is used in boosting up field tile
to create an authentic looking roof.
Cant Angle: The angle formed between the upper surface
of the installed roof tile and the roof deck.
Clay Rooftile: An interlocking or non-interlocking clay roof
covering, used to cover the roof surface.
Concrete Rooftile: An interlocking, or non-interlocking
concrete roof covering, used to cover the roof surface.
Counter Battens: Vertical furring strips running beneath
and perpendicular to horizontal tile batten, to allow
drainage and air flow beneath the roof tile. Also known as
strapping.
Dead Loads: The weight of all materials of construction
incorporated into the roof assembly including but not limited to, fixed service equipment, roof tiles, battens,
underlayment, flashing, roof deck, etc.
Direct Deck: Those tiles fastened directly to the roof deck
without the use of battens.
Eave: Outer edge of the roof downslope.
Eave Closure: A material available for S-tile or Pan and
Cover tile. Eave closures are used to close the convex
opening created by the shape of the tile at the eave. This
accessory also provides the proper rise for the first
course of tile. See Bird Stop.
Eave Riser: Method/material used for elevating the nose of
the first course of tile to the plane of the field tile.
Fascia: A decorative board concealing the lower ends of
the rafters or the outer edge of the gable.
Flashing: Impervious material used to cover, waterproof,
and direct water away from roof penetrations and from
intersections between the roof tile and other materials.
Fully Engaged: The horizontal batten material thickness
shall be equal to or greater than the design depth of the
anchor lug of the tile.
Gable End: The generally triangular area at the end of a
sloped roof extending from the eaves to the ridge.
Head Lap: The measurement of the overlap between a
course of roofing components and the course above.
Headwall Flashing: The flashing that is installed at the
horizontal, intersecting wall or other vertical surface.
Hem: An edge of metal bent back on its self to give
strength to the edge of the metal.
Counter Batten System: A method of elevating horizontal
battens above the roof deck to allow drainage and air flow
High Profile Tile: Those tiles having a rise to width ratio
greater than 1:5. (Typically referred to as “S” or barrel,
2-piece, Pan & Cover tile). Measured in the installed
condition.
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
Appendix D
Counter Flashing: A flashing material that provides the
enclosure at the transition line between the roof to wall
flashing at intersecting vertical surfaces.
98
TRI/ WSRCA
Hip: The exterior sloping ridge formed by the intersection
of two inclined roof surfaces.
Non-Interlocking Tile: Those tile that do not have vertical
rib(s) or grooves creating an interlocking tile.
Hip/Ridge Tile: Accessory trim tile used to cover a hip or
a ridge.
Nose Clips: A fastening device designed to hold the nose
(or butt) end of the tile against uplift or sliding down the
slope. Also known as wind clips or tile locks.
Hip Starter: The closed hip piece which is used at the outside corner, intersecting of two eaves to start the hip tile.
Interlocking Tile: Those tiles with a system of rib(s) or
groove(s) enabling the joining of adjacent tiles in the
same horizontal or vertical row, with the overlapping lock
covering the underlapping lock.
Length: The maximum overall dimension of the tiles as
measured parallel to the water course.
Pan and Cover Tile: Semi-circular shape tile. Also known as
two piece mission or barrel mission tile. There are
tapered and straight two piece mission styles available.
Pan Flashing: Metal flashing running under the tile at the
side walls.
Live Loads: A load produced by the use and occupancy of
the building or other structure that does not include construction or environmental loads, such as wind load, snow
load, rain load, earthquake load, flood load, or dead load.
Point-up: The application of mortar to fill voids to various
ends, sides and angles of a tile roof, which are non structural in nature.
Low Profile Tile: Low profile tiles are defined as those flat
tiles having a top surface rise equal to or less than ½".
Profile: The contour of the top surface of the tiles when
viewed from the nose end.
Medium Profile Tile: Tiles having a rise greater than ½" and
a rise to width ratio of less than or equal to 1:5.
Metal Drip Edge: Perimeter metal flashing installed to protect raw edges of roof deck.
Mortar: A mixture of cementitious material, aggregate,
and water used for bedding, jointing, and bonding of
masonry or roof tile and accessories.
Nail Hole: A small opening passing partially or totally
through the tiles to allow the penetration of a nail, screw
or other approved fastener for the purpose of fastening
the tile to a support.
Appendix D
Nose Lugs: Protrusion(s) on the underside of the tile that
are designed to restrict the flow of weather between two
consecutive courses of tile.
Nailer Board/Stringer: A piece of wood or other material of
proper height, attached to a roof at the ridge and/or hips
to allow for proper support and means of attachment for
the hip and ridge tile. Can also be used in pan and cover
applications under the cover tile for proper support.
(Commonly known as a vertical stringer)
COPYRIGHT © 2015
Rake Trim: A roof tiling accessory used to cover the intersection between the gable end and a roof.
Ridge Trim: The piece of ridge available to close off the
gable end and peak of a roof. Some ridge tile have an
interlocking feature and require either a “starter” or
“finisher”.
Ridge Tile: See hip/ridge tile.
Roof Live Load: A load on the roof produced (1) during the
maintenance by workers, equipment, and materials and
(2) during the life of the structure by moveable objects,
such as planters or other similar small decorative appurtenances that are not occupancy related.
Saddle Flashing: The flashing at the upper intersection
between a chimney or skylight and the roof. (Commonly
referred to as a Cricket or Backpan)
Side Clips: A fastening device for tile with a side interlock
designed to prevent rotation of the tile when subjected to
uplifting forces. Also known as hurricane clip.
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
TRI/ WSRCA
Side Lap: The measurement of the overlap between a
roofing component and a component to one side of it.
Side Wall: The vertical intersection that runs parallel to the
roof slope.
Spaced Sheathing: Sheathing boards or battens, which are
mechanically attached to the rafters or framing members,
with gaps or spaces between them and is used in lieu of a
solid sheathing.
Standard Weight Rooftile: Roof tile of mass/unit area of 9
lbs/ft2 or greater installed weight excluding all other roofing components.
Starter Tile: First course of cover tile for two piece misson.
Normally 3"-4" shorter than the field tile.
Step Flashing: A piece of flashing material covering each
course of tile at sidewalls.
Stringer: See nailer board.
Sweat Sheet/Bleeder Sheet: A layer of underlayment under
the valley metal to prevent moisture/condensation from
entering the roof deck.
99
Underlayment: A water shedding membrane installed
over the roof sheathing, rafters, or trusses. The underlayment may be rigid or roll form.
Valley: The angle of a roof where two slopes intersect
internally.
Closed Valley: Where tile(s) are cut to meet at the
center of the valley metal.
Open Valley: Where tile(s) are cut to expose the
trough area of the metal.
Vent Tile: A tile designed to allow air circulation from the
roof space to the outside.
Water Course: The valley portions of profiled tiles along
which water drains.
Weather Blocking: A barrier of moldable or preformed
rigid material which blocks the entry of wind driven
moisture at openings between the field tile and trim tile
or the field tile and roof flashing.
Weather Checks: Protrusion(s) on the tile that are designed
to restrict the flow of water between two consecutive
courses of tile.
Tile Course: The horizontal increment of exposure.
Tile Thickness: Any vertical measurement of the cross section of the tiles excluding the lapping area, head or nose
lugs, and weather checks.
Tile Thickness (visual): The overall thickness of the tile
profile when installed as measured from the top surface
of the lower tile to the top surface of the upper tile.
Tile Batten: See Batten
Width: The maximum overall dimension of the tiles as
measured perpendicular to the length of the water channel.
Width, Exposed: The maximum overall dimension of the
tile as measured perpendicular to the length of the water
channel minus the side lap of the adjacent roof tile.
Wire Tie System: A roof tile fastening system approved by
the local building code, that limits the penetration of the
underlayment and allows tile to be fastened to nonnailable roof decks.
Appendix C
COPYRIGHT © 2015
01/2000 Revised 7/2015
P.O. Box 40337
Eugene, OR 97404-0049
www.tileroofing.org
Email: [email protected]
275 Tennant Avenue, Suite #106
Morgan Hill, CA 95037
www.wsrca.com
Email: [email protected]

TRI Manual 15.qxd (Page 1)

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