annex 5

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACTION PLAN FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE OF
THE NEW PARTNERSHIP FOR AFRICA’S
DEVELOPMENT (NEPAD)
PROGRAMME AREAS 1 AND 6
COMBATING LAND DEGRADATION, DROUGHT
AND DESERTIFICATION, AND CROSS-BORDER COLLABORATION
United Nations Environment Programme
P.O.Box 30552 Nairobi Kenya
Tel. 254 2 624165 Fax 254 2 624041
Email: [email protected]
website: www.unep.org/gef
www.environment-directory.org/nepad
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PREFACE
The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) is an historical initiative aimed at
promoting sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations. The
sustainable use of African natural resources and the protection of the environment are an
important component for achieving such objective.
To this end and following the adoption of NEPAD, the African Environment Ministries under the
leadership of the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment (AMCEN), embarked on a
large consultative process aimed at preparing an Environmental Action Plan for the
implementation of the Environment Initiative of NEPAD.
At its ninth session, the AMCEN adopted a framework of the Action Plan and decided to convene
nine thematic workshops with a view of finalizing the Action Plan and identify eligible projects.
Accordingly, the following NEPAD thematic workshops were held: Desertification (19-20
January 2003, Algiers, Algeria); Invasive Species (23-24 January 2003, Pretoria, South Africa);
Poverty and Environment (23-24 January 2003, Bamako, Mali); NGO Consultation (1 February
2003, Nairobi, Kenya); Wetlands (10-11 February, Nairobi, Kenya); Forest (13-14 February 2003,
Yaounde, Cameroon); Health and Environment (17-18 February 2003, Dakar, Senegal); Marine
and Coastal Environment (24-25 February 2003, Abuja, Nigeria); Climate Change (26-27
February 2003, Rabat, Morocco).
The results of the NEPAD thematic workshops are contained in the respective brochures
especially prepared to this effect.
The AMCEN has played a leading role in the preparation of the Action Plan and will continue to
play its role during the implementation phase of this unique endeavor.
Klaus Töpfer
Executive Director
H. E. Mr. Ruhakana Rugunda
President of AMCEN
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THE NEPAD ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE PROJECT
The development of the Environment Initiative of NEPAD is a consultative process led by
African experts and based on a sound methodology for the prioritisation of the root causes of
environmental degradation, and the identification of the most effective interventions, from an
environmental, institutional, and financial perspective. Furthermore, it incorporates environmental
and technical, as well as socio-economic considerations, and addresses crosscutting/transboundary issues. It provides regional and external partners with a unique opportunity
for working jointly with African stakeholders on sustainable projects with a high degree of
national ownership.
The UNEP/GEF Medium Sized Project (MSP) of US$ 300,000 on the Development and
Implementation of the Environment Component of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development
(NEPAD) was adopted on 26 July 2001 immediately after the OAU Summit held in Lusaka,
Zambia, in July 2001. The main objective of the MSP was to develop a framework of an Action
Plan for the implementation of Environment Initiative of NEPAD. Chapter 8 of NEPAD entitled
the "Environment Initiative" identified the following eight areas of focus: Combating
Desertification, Wetland Conservation, Invasive Alien Species, Coastal Management, Global
Warming, Cross-border Conservation Areas, Environmental Governance, and Financing.
To this end a Steering Committee of the project comprising the members of the Bureau of the
African Ministerial Conference on the Environment (AMCEN) and the representatives of the five
initiating countries of NEPAD was established. At the kind initiative of the Government of South
Africa, the first meeting of the steering committee was held in Pretoria, South Africa on 17
January 2002. At the kind invitation of the Government of Algeria, the second meeting of the
steering committee was held in Algiers, Algeria on the 11-12 March 2002. At the kind invitation
of the Government of Senegal the third meeting of the steering committee was held in Dakar,
Senegal on 12 and 13 June 2002 at the level of experts and on 14 June 2002 at the level of
ministers. The ministerial segment of the meeting endorsed the Framework of an Action Plan for
the Environment Initiative of NEPAD and recommended its adoption to the ninth meeting of
AMCEN. The minister submitted the Framework to the President of Senegal at a meeting also
held on 14 June in Dakar.
The ninth meeting of AMCEN held in Kampala, Uganda from 1 - 5 July 2002 endorsed the
Framework and mandated the President of AMCEN with the President of Senegal, who also
attended the meeting, to submit the Framework to the Summit of the African Union, held in
Durban, South Africa from 8-11 July 2002. The ministers mandated the steering committee of
the MSP to further elaborate the Framework with a view of submitting a detailed Action Plan to a
meeting of AMCEN to be held in June 2003. It was agreed that lead countries of the steering
committee would take the responsibility of co-ordinating the further development of each
programme area, building on the elements identified in the Framework of the Action Plan. In
fulfilling their tasks, the lead countries worked in close co-operation with relevant sub-regional,
regional and international institutions, the GEF, and the secretariats of the relevant conventions to
undertake a mapping exercise of on-going programmes, initiatives and activities. Their aim will
be to identify gaps and priorities, and to develop project proposals with clear time frames, targets,
cost estimates and mechanisms for implementation and monitoring. To this end a GEF Medium
Sized Project of US$ 300,000 was adopted on 30 September 2002 with a view of finalising the
Action Plan for the Environment Initiative of NEPAD.
It was agreed that the following thematic workshops will be convened: Desertification (Algeria),
Poverty and Environment (Mali), Invasive Species (South Africa), Forests (Cameroon), Marine
and Coastal Environment including Fresh Water (Nigeria), Health and Environment (Senegal),
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Climate Change (Morocco), Wetlands and NGO Consultative Meeting (Kenya).
As an outcome of the assessment, characterisation and selection of the fundamental
causes/sources of the environmental problems and the scale of their impacts, concrete action
plans containing specific project interventions were developed by the Thematic Working Groups.
In addition to the thematic workshops, it was agreed that the following meetings would be
convened: the Fourth Meeting of the Steering Committee of the UNEP/GEF MSP on NEPAD
(Mozambique), the Special Session of AMCEN (Uganda) and a Meeting of Donors (Algeria),
serving as the basis for bilateral or multilateral financial and institutional support for specific
projects.
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SECTION 1:
REPORT OF THE THEMATIC WORKSHOP ON
DESERTIFICATION FOR THE FINALISATION OF
THE ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE OF THE NEW
PARTNERSHIP FOR AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT
(NEPAD)
ALGIERS, ALGERIA, 19-20 JANUARY 2003
1.1 Introduction
Introduction
According to the programme work
adopted by the steering committee of
the project and at the kind invitation
of the government of Algeria, the
thematic workshop on desertification
for the finalisation of the Action Plan
for the Environment Initiative of the
New Partnership for Africa’s
Development was held in Algiers,
Algeria on 19-20 January 2003. The
meeting had before it the results of
the consultative meeting on the
preparation of project proposals to
H.E. Mr. Cherif Rahmani, Minister of Environment, Algeria
combat desertification in the context
of the New Partnership for Africa’s
Development (NEPAD) organised by the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso on 16-18 September 2002.
The meeting had also before it the result of the one-day consultative meeting on project proposals
to combat desertification in Africa, held at the margins of the first meeting of the Committee on
the Review of the Implementation of UNCCD in Rome, Italy on 15 November 2002. More than
100 participants attended this meeting convened under the UNEP/GEF MSP in close consultation
with the Secretariat of the UNCCD.
The meeting had before it the following documents: The framework of an Action Plan for the
Environment Initiative of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development as adopted by the ninth
meeting of AMCEN as well as a background document on combating desertification and crossborder collaboration.
The following participants attended the meeting: S. E. Tanyi Mbianyor Clarkson Oben, Minister
of Environment for Cameroon; H. E. Mr. Imeh Okopido, Minister of Environment for Nigeria;
Mr. Djamel Echirk, Algeria; Mr. Cornelius Kazoora, Sustainable Development Centre, Dr. Prisca
Mugabe, Zimbabwe; Mr. Bary Harouna, Burkina Faso; Mr. Timothy Olaleken Williams,
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ms. Bettina Horstmann and Mr. Moise Akle,
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD); Mr. Ibrahim Diallo, African
Union; Mr. Muftah Unis, Organization Africaine de Cartographie et de Teledetection (AOCRS);
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Mr. Mohamed Safar Zitoun, Organization Africaine de Cartographie et de Teledetection
(AOCRS); Mr. Pierre Randah, CEMAC; Mr. Bertrand Zida, CILSS; Dr. Debalkew Berhe, IGAD;
Prof. Paul Maro, Southern African Development Community (SADC); Mr. Abdelasallam Kallala,
African Maghreb Union (AMU), Mr. Jotham Musiime, African Union/IBAR; Mr. Youba Sokona,
ENDA-TM; Mr. Omar Askarn, Morocco; Mr. J. Metsing, Lesotho; Mr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, UNEP;
Mr. Mohamed Sessay, UNEP; Ms. Anna Tengberg, UNEP. The complete list is contained in
Annex 5.
1.2 Opening of the Meeting
The meeting was opened by H. E. Mr. Chérif Rahmani, Minister of Territorial Planning and
Environment of Algeria. In welcoming the participants, the Minister paid tribute to the African
Council members for their role in promoting land degradation including desertification as a
separate focal area of the GEF, as endorsed by the Second GEF Assembly held in Beijing in
October 2002. He stated that NEPAD is a commitment of Africa Heads of State to spare no
efforts for development, as well as a statement of hope on the capacity of Africa to promote
sustainable development for the benefit of the present and future generations. The protection of
the environment is an integral part of such a commitment. He recalled the role played by Algeria
in promoting the environment component of NEPAD, including the convening in Algiers in
March 2002, of the second meeting of the steering committee of the UNEP/GEF MSP on the
environment component of NEPAD, which prepared the outline of the Framework of the Action
Plan, which was subsequently adopted by the ninth meeting of the African Ministerial
Conference of the Environment (AMCEN). It is based on such a commitment that Algeria is
pleased to host the first of the eight thematic workshops to be convened for the finalisation of the
Action Plan to be adopted by the special session of AMCEN to be held in Kampala, Uganda in
June 2003. The Action Plan will be submitted for adoption by the second Assembly of the Heads
of State of the African Union to be held in Maputo in April 2003.
The Minister reiterated the offer of Algeria to host a donor meeting on NEPAD before the end of
2003. He emphasised the importance attached to this meeting, taking into account the impact of
desertification on African countries. The objective of the workshop is not only to finalise the
activities on desertification contained in the Framework of the Action Plan but also to identify
and finalise concrete project proposals. In this regard, he presented the objective of the World
Deserts Foundation officially established in Algiers and Ghana on 16 December 2002. The
objective of the Foundation is to promote sustainable development in the deserts while promoting
the cultural diversity. He stressed the close link between biological diversity and cultural
diversity. He called on the participants to support the promotion of the cultural and civilisation
components of sustainable development as recommended by the Johannesburg Commitments
adopted by the World Summit on Sustainable Development. In this regard he announced the
establishment, under the aegis of the World Desert Foundation, of an institute of the Deserts of
the World with its whole Scientific Council comprising high level scientific experts. He also
announced the convening of a High Level Sustainable Development Conference in Algiers for
promoting an integrated land and water resources approach towards combating desertification.
The minister also announced a proposal submitted to the Secretary General of the United
Nations, Mr. Koffi Annan aimed at declaring 2004 the International Year on the Deserts of the
World. He called on the Executive Director of UNEP and the Chief Executive Officer of the GEF
to support this initiative.
H. E. Mr. Imeh Okopido, Minister of State for the Environment of Nigeria, also made an opening
statement. He recalled the leadership role played by the Heads of States of Nigeria, Algeria,
South Africa, Senegal and Egypt in promoting the New Partnership for Africa’s Development. He
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congratulated the Minister of Environment for Algeria for hosting the meeting and for Algeria’s
contribution in the implementation of the UNEP/GEF MSP on environment component of
NEPAD for which he was the co-chair of its steering committee. This MSP led to the adoption by
the ninth meeting of AMCEN of the Framework of the Action Plan. He also recalled that building
on its role during the African Process, Nigeria will host the in February 2003, the NEPAD
thematic workshop on Marine and Coastal Environment.
H.E. Mr. Tanyi Mbianyor Oben, Minister of Environment for Cameroon, also made an opening
statement. He thanked the Algerian Government for hosting the meeting, and informed the
meeting that his Government would host the NEPAD thematic workshop on Forests. He
reiterated the importance of combating desertification to alleviate poverty. Mr. Metsing from
Lesotho stated the importance of translating NEPAD into reality through concrete activities on
the ground. He also congratulated Algeria on hosting the meeting. H. E. Mr. Attar, Minister of
Water Resources of Algeria, highlighted the importance of water in fighting desertification. He
reiterated the importance attached to identifying concrete project proposals to combat
desertification, which take into account the water challenges facing Africa. Speaking on behalf of
the Executive Director of UNEP, Mr. Ahmed Djoghlaf thanked the Algerian authorities for
hosting the meeting and for their role in promoting the environmental dimensions of NEPAD.
The meeting elected by acclamation, Mr. Djamel Echirk from Algeria, H.E. Mr. Imeh Okopido,
Minister of State for Environment of Nigeria, and H.E. Tanyi Mbianyor Clarkson Oben, Minister
of Environment for Cameroon, as co-chairs of the meeting. Mr. Diallo Ibrahim, Interim Director
of the African Union Commission was elected as Rapporteur of the meeting.
The following agenda was adopted by the meeting:
• Opening of the meeting
• Organisation of the workshop
• Finalisation of the activities on desertification contained in the Framework of the Action
Plan on the environment initiative of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development
• Review of existing and planned projects in combating land degradation, drought and
desertification that have been short-listed at the pre-consultations.
• Other potential project proposals on desertification
• Adoption of the recommendations of the workshop
• Closure of the meeting
Ms. Bettina Horstmann speaking on behalf of Mr. Arba Diallo, the Executive Secretary of the
Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), presented the
results of the Consultative Meeting on projects to combat desertification under NEPAD, convened
in September 2002 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso by the Secretariat of the UNCCD. She also
recalled the results of the meeting on the same subject held in Rome at the margins of the first
meeting of Committee of the Review of the implementation of UNCCD. She stated that this
meeting should build on what already has been achieved through the implementation of the
UNCCD and in particular through the implementation of the regional and sub-regional action
plan to combat desertification and urge the participants to ensure the consistency of the proposed
activities under NEPAD.
Mr. Djaballah M’Hamed made a presentation on the history and background of the World
Foundation on Deserts. Mr. Kassimi presented the objectives of the Foundation. The document
distributed on the World Foundation on Deserts can be found in Annex 4.
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1.3 Finalisa
tion of the Activities
ica tion Contained in the F r ame w or k of
Finalisation
Activities on Desertif
Desertifica
the Action Plan on the Envir
onment Initia tiv
Environment
tiv e of NEPAD
NEPAD
Under this agenda item, the participants reviewed the background document prepared by the
Secretariat. A number of comments were made. The document is contained in Section 2.
1.4 Revie
Revie w of Existing and Planned Projects
Projects in Comba ting Land De g r adation,
adation,
Drought
Drought and Deser tifica
tifica tion
Under this agenda item, the meeting considered project proposals submitted by the African
Regional Groupings and discussed at the meetings held in Ouagadougou and at the margins of
the meeting of the Committee to Review the Implementation of UNCCD.
Mr. Abdellasam Kallala, the representative of the Arab Maghreb Union presented the following
proposals:
• Green belt: Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in the Maghreb
countries
• Management of watersheds of wadi Mellegue and M’ soun-Inaoune
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Rainwater harvesting and use in the arid and semi-arid zones of the Maghreb Union
Sustainable management of the agro-pastoral resource base in the Maghreb zone and
Egypt
Rehabilitation and development of the oases ecosystems
Promotion of development research for combating desertification in the Maghreb Union
Strengthening of the role of civil society in combating desertification
Implementation of a long-term ecological monitoring network
Creation of a observatory for drought, desertification and natural disasters in the UMA
and CILSS
Development of Arboriculture on foot slopes and marginal lands
Combating sand encroachment in the transboundary area between Algeria and Tunisia
(Taleb Larbi-Hazouna)
Improving and protecting irrigated agricultural land of In Guezzam in the Algeria-Niger
transboundary area
Integrated management of the IGUELEN Tamanrassset zone between Algeria and Mali
Protection of the trans-Maghreb route from Nouakchott-Nouadhibou
The representative of CILSS, Mr. Bertrand Zida, speaking also on behalf of ECOWAS, submitted
the following proposals:
• Support programme for strengthening of management of transboundary rangelands
• Support programme for forest management
• Promoting the establishment and maintenance of shared and/or transboundary protected
areas
• Conservation Strategy for Western African Elephants
• Conservation and rational management of sensitive ecosystems (mangroves, humid zones
and arid zones)
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Adaptations to climate change in West Africa
Development of diagnostic tools and monitoring systems for natural resources and the
environment in West Africa
Management of shared natural resources, diversification of livelihoods and strengthening
of transboundary integration and combating of desertification
Pilot transboundary project for the "Le Kantchari" (Burkina Faso and Niger)
Pilot transboundary project for "L’Azaouoak" (Mali and Niger)
Pilot transboundary project for "Cures Salees"
Coordination of the control of crop pests and diseases
Harmonisation of phytosanitary legislation and regulations
Control of weeds and pests on tree species
Control of livestock diseases
Commercialisation of typha australis in the transboundary areas of the Senegal river valley
Provision of petrol to the sub-region (ECOWAS and CILSS)
Rural electrification
Commercialisation of coal mined in Niger in the sub-region
Communication and Dissemination of Environmental Information in the Volta Basin
Control of invasive aquatic weeds
Control of sand encroachment in water courses and coastal areas
Integrated management of the Oueme river basin
Integrated Management of the Niger river basin; integrated management of Park W
Integrated management of the upper and
middle Niger
Integrated land and water management in the Illumenden aquifer
Integrated management of the Fouta Djallon Highlands
Integrated Management of the Lake Chad Basin
Integrated Management of the Senegal River Basin
Integrated Management of the Gambia River Basin
Integrated Management of the Mono River Basin
The representative of CEMAC, Mr. Pierre Randah submitted the following proposals:
• International initiative for the sustainable management of natural resources in the Congo
Basin
• Sub-regional programme for training of primary school teachers in combating
desertification in the CEMAC Region.
• Generation of information for awareness raising on bush fires in the CEMAC Region.
• Water harvesting in arid and semi-arid zones (Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic)
• Transfer of water between Oubangui and
Lake Chad
• Desertification Observatory in Central Africa
• Development of Sub-regional cooperation strategy for combating desertification
• Development of community based agro-forestry
• Sustainable management of Soil fertility in equatorial humid zones
The representative of IGAD, Dr. Debalkew Berhe, submitted the following proposals:
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Household energy for poverty alleviation and women economic empowerment in IGAD
sub-region
Environment Education and Training in the IGAD sub region
Capacity building in integrated water resources management in the IGAD sub-region
Building capacity for community based natural resources management in IGAD subregion
Strengthening environment pollution control in the IGAD sub-region
Promotion of sustainable crop production in Drylands of IGAD Sub-region: Management
of soil fertility and water-use efficiency
Promotion of sustainable crop production in Drylands of IGAD Sub-region: IGAD Human
resources and gender equity development for semi-arid agricultural research
Assessment and Mapping of Natural Resources in the IGAD Sub-region
Assessment and mitigating the impact of invasive plant species
Natural Resources Use Conflict Resolution Resulting from Droughts and Environmental
Refugees
Rehabilitation and management of Degraded Rangelands
Strengthening Environment Pollution Control in the IGAD Sub-region
Promotion of Trans-boundary Ecotourism
Integrated Watershed Management for two transboundary systems:
(1) The Omo-Turkwel-Kerio-Tarch Rivers and L. Turkana Basins
(2) The Juba-Shebele-Ewaso Ngiro River basins
The representative of SADC, Prof. Paul Maro, submitted the following proposals:
• Kalahari-Namib Project on Transboundary Desertification Control in Botswana, Namibia
and South Africa
• Demonstration Phase Activities of the Africa Land and Water Management Initiative in the
Limpopo River Basin in Southern Africa
• Capacity building for integrated rangeland management in the SADC region
• Assessment of Surface water resources of Southern Africa
• Protection and Strategic Uses of Ground Water Resources in the Transboundary
Limpopo Basin and Drought Prone Areas of the SADC Region
• SADC regional project to control infestation and translocation of Acquatic weeds
• Okavango – Upper Zambezi natural resources management project
• Sustainable Conservation of Miombo and Savannah woodlands in the SADC region
(Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe).
• Lake Malawi / Niasa/ Nyasa Ecosystem Management – Tanzania, Mozambique and
Malawi
• Beira Corridor Sustainable Trans-boundary Natural Resources Management Programme
• Promotion of stakeholder participation in water resources management: Feasibility
Study for Creating a fund to support NGO and CBO participation in water resources
management – programme on means to empower women in water resources
• Networking / Information sharing on CCD in the SADC region
• Okacom water resources management
• Biodiversity conservation participatory development
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Mobilising community participation, appropriate technology and indigenous knowledge
for implementing CCD in Southern Africa
Capacity building support for community development in rural energy development
In addition, the SADC representative requested the Secretariat to ensure that a project from
Madagascar be included.
The representative of the African Organisation for Mapping and Remote Sensing, Mr. Muftah
Unis, submitted the following proposals:
• Coordinating thematic programme network 4 of the UNCCD: Ecological monitoring,
mapping of Natural Resources, remote sensing, and early warning within the context of
the regional action programme for Africa of the UNCCD
• Geographic Information System (GIS) on water resources in the countries of UMA and
Egypt
H.E. Mr. Imeh Okopido, Minister of Environment for Nigeria, presented a Nigeria Action Plan to
combat desertification to the participants. He also made a presentation on the outcome of the
UNEP/GEF PDF-B on Integrated Ecosystem Management in shared watersheds between Niger
and Nigeria.
After the submission of the presentation of the project proposals, the committee established a
technical working group. Dr. Timothy Williams chaired the working group. The working group
recorded three categories of projects based on their status of preparation: (1) projects where
feasibility studies exist; (2) projects where project fact sheets exist; and (3) project ideas. The list
of the project proposals included in the first category is contained in Annex 2.
1.5 Closure
Closure of the Meeting
The closing ceremony was chaired by H.E. Mr. Imeh Okopido, the Minister of State for Nigeria.
Dr. Timothy Williams made a detailed presentation on the results of the thematic working group.
The rapporteur Mr. Ibrahim Diallo submitted the draft report. Mr. Mohamed Sessay the
UNEP/GEF Task Manger presented the implementation plan of the second phase of the
UNEP/GEF MSP including the convening of the workshops on poverty and environment in
Bamako, Mali, 23 –24 January 2003; Invasive Species, 24 – 25 January 2003, Pretoria,
Consultative meeting with African NGOs, Nairobi 1 February 2003, Forests, Yaounde, Cameroon
13 – 14 February 2003, Health and Environment, Dakar 17 - 18 February 2003, Marine and
Coastal Environment, Abuja, 23 – 24 February 2003; Climate Change, Rabat 26 – 27 February
2003; Wetlands, Nairobi, February 2003; the Fourth Meeting of the Steering Committee of the
UNEP/GEF MSP on NEPAD, 23– 25 April 2003 Special Session of AMCEN, July 2003.
In his closing statement, H.E. Mr. Imeh Okopido on behalf of all the participants congratulated
UNEP and the GEF for their outstanding support in assisting the African countries in preparing
the Action Plan on the environmental component of NEPAD. He thanked the Government of
Algeria for their contribution to NEPAD and requested the Algerian representative to convey his
gratitude to the President and Minister of Environment for Algeria. Speaking on behalf of the
Executive Director of UNEP, Mr. Ahmed Djoghlaf thanked the participants for their hard work
and the host country for its contribution as well as the excellent facilities provided to the meeting.
Speaking on behalf of the Minister of Environment for Algeria, Mr. Si Youcef reiterated the offer
of Algeria to host a donor meeting on NEPAD before the end of 2003 as well as its commitment
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to continue playing its role towards the finalisation of the Action Plan of the environment
initiative of NEPAD. The meeting was officially closed 1700HRS.
Opening Ceremony of the Thematic Workshop on Desertification - Mr. Mohamed Si Youcef, H. E. Mr. Attar,
Minister of Water Resources of Algeria, H.E. Mr. Imeh Okopido, Minister of Environment for Nigeria, H.E.
Mr. Cherif rahmani, Minister of Environment, Algeria S.E. Tanyi Mbianyor Clarkson Oben, Minister of
Environment for Cameroon; Mr. J. Metsing, Lesotho, Mr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, Director, Division of GEF.
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SECTION 2:
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT ON DESERTIFICATION
AND CROSS-BORDER COLLABORATION
2.1 Introduction
Introduction
An increasing number of African countries are facing problems of land degradation and
desertification (i.e. land degradation in drylands). The expansion of agriculture into marginal
areas, particularly semi-arid areas, and clearance of natural habitats such as forests and wetlands
has been a major driving force. Land degradation has its most severe impact in the poorest,
marginalised populations in rural dryland areas. Economic losses and uncertainty, intra and interstate migration, uncontrolled urbanisation and rupture of social structures are among the
consequences of desertification and land degradation.
2.2 UNCCD
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) aims at preventing,
rehabilitating and reclaiming degraded land with the aim to ensure the basic economic,
environmental and social means for sustainable development in dryland areas, particularly in
Africa. The Convention was adopted in June 1994 and entered into force in December 1996, after
ratification by 50 countries. As of October 2002, 184 countries have ratified, including all 53
African countries.
African countries affected by desertification implement the Convention by preparing and
implementing National Action Programmes (NAPs), which identify the priority problems related
to desertification and present the activities needed to address these problems. Corresponding
action programmes are developed and implemented also at the sub-regional (Central, East, North,
South and West Africa) and regional levels, with the aim to support national implementation
through cooperation at the regional level, and to ensure that activities undertaken by individual
countries are mutually supportive and in line with each other. As of October 2002, 29 African
countries have finalised and adopted their national action programmes to combat desertification
(NAPs). In most of these countries, the implementation process has started, and the integration of
NAPs into national sustainable development strategies is high on the agenda. Decision 8/ COP.4
invites all remaining affected African countries to accelerate the process of elaboration and
adoption of their NAP with a view to finalising them no later than the end of 2005.
Four sub-regional action programmes (SRAPs) have been prepared, and the elaboration of the
fifth one for Central Africa has been launched. Also the elaboration of the regional action
programme (RAP) with its associated six Thematic Programme Networks (TPNs) for Africa has
been launched, and 4 out of 6 TPNs are operational. The SRAPs and RAPs provide the basis for
cross-border collaboration in conservation and natural resource management for controlling land
degradation an combating desertification.
2.3 Sustaina b le Rural
Rural Liv
Liv elihoods Fr
Fr amew
amew ork
ork (SRL)
Although land degradation is a physical process, its underlying causes are firmly rooted in the
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socio-economic, political and cultural realms in which land users operate. Poverty is often a key
factor that leads to land degradation because poor land users become stuck in a cycle of
degradation, where their poverty precludes investment in the land. Other issues, such as security
of land tenure, alternative income-earning opportunities and labour constraints are additional
factors important in determining overall land degradation status.
The factors that affect the decision to degrade or conserve land are related to the resources
available to the land user. Recently, resources have been subdivided in what is known as the
Sustainable Rural Livelihoods framework into a number of different elements or ‘capital assets’.
These categories of assets can be used to disaggregate the socio-economic and cultural factors
that combine with access to physical resources to explain the actions of land users. The SRL
framework therefore constitutes a useful tool in analysing and understanding the root causes of
land degradation and to design remedial actions. It also provides a tool for a holistic analysis of
factors affecting livelihood sustainability such as policies and institutions. SRL is the best tool
currently available that is widely used by development agencies for delivering programs and
activities that benefit sustainable land management and livelihoods. Figure 1 above provides a
summary of the SRL framework and an explanation of what the different types of assets entail1.
For more information on the SRL approach in relation to land degradation assessment see Stocking M. & Murnaghan, N.,
2001. Land Degradation – Guidelines for Field Assessment, Earthscan, London.1
18
2.4 Fr
Fr amew
amew or k of NEPAD
NEPAD Action Plan on Comba ting Deser tifica
tifica tion
The overall objectives of this programme area of the Action Plan is to enhance the support for the
implementation of the objective of UN Convention to combat desertification in Africa while
improving livelihoods and contributing to ensure food security on the continent. It should be
based on the existing subregional and regional action programmes to combat desertification,
elaborated in the context of the implementation of the UNCCD. More specifically this
programme area will aim at:
(a) Support the African countries to prepare and finalize national action programmes called
for by Article 9 of the Convention;
(b) Support the African countries to implement their national action programmes in
accordance with the national priorities and actions identified;
(c) Support the finalization and implementation of the regional and sub-regional action
programmes;
(d) Support the effective implementation of the Regional Implementation Annex for Africa of
the Convention;
(e) Build a reliable and up-to-date information base on the status and trends in land
degradation, drought and desertification on the continent, based on existing data bases and
strengthen the existing integrated regional information system and promote information
sharing on land degradation and desertification control and in the mitigation of the effects
of drought
(f) Strengthen the continent’s capacity to anticipate and monitor land degradation, drought
and desertification.
(g) Develop holistic and integrated tools and methodologies for sustainable land management
(h) Develop and adopt regional land us guidelines and policies.
(i) Harness traditional knowledge system of land (natural resources) management,
particularly Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation (ISWC).
(j) Disseminate information on best practices in combating land degradation, drought and
desertification.
(k) Strengthen and mobilise the scientific, technical and institutional capacities for integrated
sustainable land management to combat land degradation, desertification and drought.
(l) Enhance the human and institutional capacities of national and regional centers of
excellence, including when appropriate the establishment of sub-regional and regional
information systems on land degradation, drought and desertification.
(m)Strengthen the existing regional networks of centres of excellence in sustainable land
management and related issues for the development and implementation of national, subregional and regional action programmes to combat land degradation, drought and
desertification.
(n) Enhance the public awareness and education in support to the objectives of the
Convention.
(o) Promote the effective participation of the civil society including Non- Governmental
Organizations and local communities for the implementation of the Convention.
(p) Promote South-South cooperation; through building on the results and follow up
activities of the interregional forums that have been organised in the UNCCD context
between Africa and Latin America, and Africa and Asia.
For simplicity of analysis, in the following section, the activities of the Framework Action Plan
have been clustered into four thematic areas: (1) support to the implementation of the UNCCD;
(2) sustainable land management; (3) networking, capacity-building and institutional
strengthening; and (4) policy and governance issues. Although there are significant linkages and
19
interaction between the four thematic areas, they will be discussed separately. Selected initiatives
of strategic importance are highlighted, but it should be noted that the list is far from exhaustive
and that the NEPAD technical workshop on desertification is expected to identify additional
initiatives that NEPAD needs to build on.
2.5 Over
vie w of Ong oing Initia tiv
tion of Gaps
Overvie
tiv es and Identifica
Identification
Gaps
Support to the implementation of the UNCCD
Limited progress has been made in the implementation of various Action Programmes under the
UNCCD due to a multitude of factors, including limited access to financial resources and lack of
visibility of desertification issues in national development plans and policies. However, some
important initiatives include:
•
Support through the UNCCD secretariat, the GM and UNDP/Dryland Development
Centre (DDC) to mainstreaming of NAPs into national development plans and policies.
Regional workshops on resource mobilisation and mainstreaming of NAPs, as requested
by decision 9/COP3, have so far been conducted in the SADC, IGAD, UMA, CEMAC
and ECOWAS/CILSS sub-regions of Africa with participation of cross-sectoral national
groups composed of representatives of Ministries of Environment, Planning and Finance;
•
A UNEP/FAO/UNCCD initiative on Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA).
LADA is being developed to meet the needs of the UNCCD of improved information of
the extent and severity of desertification to provide decision-making support for the
implementation of the NAPs and SRAPs. The objectives of the GEF funded project are (a)
review and synthesis of data and information of relevance to the development of a land
degradation assessment in drylands; (b) development, testing and revision of integrated
land degradation assessment approaches and methods; (c) capacity and network
development for assessment of land degradation; (d) conducting pilot studies to
calibrate and test methods for land degradation assessment in selected countries; (e) global
assessment of land cover and regional and local assessments using indicators and other
innovative approaches;
•
WMO/UNDP/DDC - The UNDP/GEF funded project on "Coping with drought and
climate change: best use of climate information for reducing land degradation and
conserving biodiversity" supports sustainable livelihoods of drylands populations. The
programme promotes an integrated ecosystems management approach that hinges on
better use of local and scientific knowledge on climate in farming and herding. It offers
farmers/herders options for long-term drought management to emergency responses. The
project responds to a priority identified by the CST of the CCD to provide early warning
of drought and desertification to local communities.
•
Support through mainly the Biodiversity window of the GEF to partial implementation of
NAP objectives in dryland ecosystems (see report to the CRIC; Berry and Olson, 2001);
•
Africa Land and Water Management Initiative. This initiative was launched by the GEF
2Berry, L. & Olson, J., 2001. GEF Land Degradation Linkage Study. GEF Working Paper 6, March 2001 upscaling. UNEP,
FAO and other international organisations have supported the development of international databases on ‘best practices’ of
which the most advanced one to date is the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT).
Other interesting initiatives include a Dutch funded study on Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation (ISWC) in Africa and
the UNDP/DDC supported initiative on Promoting Farmer Innovations (PFI) .
20
Implementing Agencies (WB, UNDP, UNEP) and has so far encompassed nomination of
priority river basins for integrated land and water management interventions by the subregional organisations of Africa. It is anticipated that the river basin approach will be
combined with targeted GEF funded medium-sized projects for community-based
integrated land and water management at the local level.
Options for combating desertification and drought;
i. Harnessing genetic resources to combat drought and desertification;
ii. Income-increasing agricultural diversification to improve livelihoods and foster more sustainable
land use;
iii. Breaking technology and knowledge barriers: increasing impact with and ICT for
development" strategy.
The UNEP/GEF funded project entitled the Desert Margin Programme, will become an integral
part of the DDPA and will contribute to the transfer of technologies between East, West and
Southern Africa as well as their upscaling in different socio-economic and cultural contexts. The
UNCCD is also a partner in the DDPA through its Committee on Science and Technology (CST).
•
Best Practices in Land Management. Several attempts have been made to bring
together experiences of good land management at local level in order to identify
conditions for replication, adaptation and upscaling. UNEP, FAO and other
international organisations have supported the development of international databases
on ‘best practices’ of which the most advanced one to date is the World Overview of
Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT). Other interesting initiatives
include a Dutch funded study on Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation (ISWC) in
Africa and the UNDP/DDC supported initiative on Promoting Farmer Innovations
(PFI)4 .
•
Soil Fertility Initiative for Africa. In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, soil fertility is
declining as soils are mined of their nutrients, which are not being replenished. In
order to try and reverse this trend, organisations such as WB, FAO, IFDC, the CGIARs
and others have joined efforts. The Soil Fertility Initiative focuses on the design and
implementation of integrated plant nutrient management programmes using a
combination of available organic sources of nutrients supplemented by mineral
fertilisers5 .
Networking, capacity-building and institutional strengthening
Regional centres of excellence in sustainable dryland management, such as the Desert Research
Foundation of Namibia (DRFN) need to be identified and their capacity to network with country
partners enhanced. Likewise, strengthening formal and informal networks and channels of
communication could enhance civil society participation. Past efforts to address this issue
includes the UNCCD/UNEP supported initiative entitled Survey and Evaluation of existing
Networks, Institutions, Agencies and Bodies for Information on and Implementation of the
3Reij, C., Scoones, I. & Toulmin, C. (eds.), 1996. Sustaining the Soil: Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation in Africa.
Earthscan, London.
4Critchley, W. (ed.), 1999. Promoting Farmer Innovation: Harnessing local environmental knowledge in East 5Africa.
RELMA (Sida), Nairobi.
5FAO, 2001. Soil fertility management in support of food security in sub-Saharan Africa. FAO, Rome.
21
UNCCD. The CGIAR supported DDPA initiative (see above) also includes a component dealing
with networking and exchange of information between research centres and local communities.
Recent research has highlighted the important role played by local informal networks in
mobilising human and other resources to improve timeliness and efficiency of land management
interventions. There is clearly a need to strengthen the links between formal, often research
driven, networks and local informal networks.
Policy and governance issues
The underlying socioeconomic and policy causes of land degradation in dry areas include
population pressure, poverty, lack of access to markets, inadequate or inappropriate,
infrastructure, credit and other services, unclear land rights and land tenure insecurity, among
others. Local institutions, such as community-based land use decision making capacities and
social networks are also important in determining whether farmers are able to practice a nondegrading form of agriculture in drylands. Much, however, still needs to be learned to identify
effective policy and institutional responses to desertification and drought. For example, it is not
well understood under what conditions communal resource management institutions break down
into unregulated open access conditions or evolve into effective private institutions as population
or market pressure increases - therefore how government policies can effectively facilitate the
transition to more private systems.
Identification and Formulation of Project Proposals
There is clearly a need to improve understanding as to why so many land management initiatives
in Africa have had such limited long-term impact. In this context, the NEPAD initiative presents
an opportunity for African States and their development partners to readjust their approaches to
addressing land degradation. It also provides an opportunity to enhance support to the
implementation of the UNCCD by combining the bottom-up livelihood approach to sustainable
land management advocated by the Convention with good governance.
Important criteria for projects to achieve sustainable impact on the ground as well as on the
broader policy environment were already identified in the framework action plan and are here
listed in Annex 1. In addition, this brief overview of land degradation and desertification issues
has identified the following key challenges in order to arrest land degradation in Africa and to
bring about sustainable land management:
•
•
•
Integration of environmental and livelihood objectives – the socio-economic dimension of
land degradation need to be better factored in to project and programme design. It is thus
suggested that the UNCCD principles as well as the SRL framework as a potential tool to
be used in design of project that address land degradation and assesses socio-economic
feasibility as well as environmental sustainability of land management options. The SRL
approach could with advantage be combined with economic valuation, such as cost-benefit
analysis, of land management options;
Creation of an enabling environment/conducive policy environment – sustainable land
management equires a cross-sectoral approach and better coordination of policy
frameworks related to the environment, agriculture and development.
Upscaling of "good land management practices" – there are three types of scaling up:
(1) Project replication - quality scaling should involve multiplication through adaptation
not replication. This is of particular importance when trying to scale up successful
indigenous land management practices, as they are often rooted in a particular sociocultural and economic context;
22
(2) Building grassroots movements – the strengthening of local capacities to innovate may
often be more important than the technologies themselves (see PFI above)
(3) Influencing policy reform – mechanisms must be put in place to enable lessons learnt
from local level to influence national and regional policy-making.
Against a background of over thirty years of donor supported development of improved
agricultural technologies and implementation of projects to arrest desertification and land
degradation in Africa we have to ask ourselves how to achieve greater and more long lasting
impact on the ground. This overview has shown that addressing socio-economic, policy and
institutional issues are key to bringing about sustainable land management on the continent.
Hence, the technical workshop on desertification under the aegis of NEPAD is requested to
consider how the removal of the above-mentioned barriers to sustainable land management could
be supported under NEPAD in a concerted programme at regional and sub-regional level.
Additional issues to consider relate to how such initiatives could be implemented and through
which partnerships.
2.6 Action Plan and Implementation
Implementation Mechanisms
Mechanisms
Considering the region-wide approach of NEPAD, the Action Plan to address land degradation,
desertification and drought under NEPAD is based on the Regional Action Programme (RAP)
and the Sub-Regional Action Programmes (SRAPs) of the UNCCD for Africa.
The action programmes to combat desertification represent an integrated approach, which takes
into account various environmental, technological, socio-cultural, economic and institutional
constraints faced by the affected countries. These programmes are prepared and implemented in a
participatory manner, with the involvement of various branches of central and local
administration, academia and research institutions, civil society and particularly local
communities.
With regard to its objectives, approach and working methods, the UNCCD constitutes a strategic
tool for addressing poverty reduction in dryland areas. It also contributes to self-sustained
economic growth, capacity-building and social empowerment. The implementation of the
UNCCD responds, thus, directly to the goals of NEPAD, with a specific emphasis on the poorest
populations.
Further, while combating desertification as environmental intervention contributes to the
maintenance and management of a common resource, the fertile topsoil that sustains agricultural
productivity, it also supports the implementation of other priority activity areas of the NEPAD
Environment Initiative, particularly those related to global warming, cross-border nature
conservation and environmental governance.
The regional action programme focuses on selected thematic areas for action at the regional level,
identified by the African country Parties to the Convention in their regional meetings. In
accordance with these thematic areas, activities under NEPAD could focus on sustainable land
use, integrated management of water resources, development of new energy sources, development
of sustainable agriculture and management of rangeland.
The regional action programme is operationalised through thematic programme networks (TPNs),
which coordinate the activities in the mentioned thematic areas. These TPNs are structured as
flexible networks of institutions and agencies participating on a voluntary basis with each
23
member’s autonomy remaining intact. Network participants are linked together via a host
institution, which are as follows:
• Integrated management of water resources: SADC Water Sector Coordination Unit,
Maseru, Lesotho (TPN1)
• Sustainable land use (agroforestry and soil conservation): INSAH-CILSS, Bamako, Mali
(TPN2)
• Rational use of rangelands and development of fodder crops: Inter-African Bureau for
Animal Resources of the OAU (OAU/IBAR), Nairobi, Kenya
• Ecological Monitoring, natural resources mapping, remote sensing and early warning
systems: African Organisation for Mapping and Remote Sensing, Algiers, Algeria (TPN4)
• Promotion of new and renewable energy sources: National Agency for Renewable Energy
(ANER) of Tunisia and ENDA TM, Dakar, Senegal (TPN5)
• Development of sustainable agriculture: OAU/SAFGRAD, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
(TPN6)
The SRAPs are coordinated by the relevant Sub-Regional Organisations in Africa, namely:
• CILSS and ECOWAS for West Africa
• UMA for the Maghreb Countries in North Africa
• IGAD for the Horn of Africa
• SADC for Southern Africa and
• CEMAC for Central Africa
The priority measures to be undertaken under NEPAD, in cooperation with the UNCCD
secretariat and the sub-regional organisations and the host institutions of the thematic programme
networks, will revolve around the following themes:
Sustainable land use (agroforestry and soil conservation)
Sustainable land use is of primary interest to rural communities, and some countries have already
taken it up as a priority activity to be developed at local level. This implies developing a
methodology, in line with the Convention, which takes into account, localised and integrated
community approaches in order to enhance the initiative of the farmers. Priority activities at the
regional level include:
• Promotion of capacity-building activities, including pilot projects on agroforestry and soil
conservation, in order to strengthen and support the work of community-based
organisations;
• Promotion of concessional investment flows to improve local incomes;
• Facilitation of the adaptation of technology and practices.
• Support to decentralisation in respect of strengthening rural community systems;
• Creation of an environment that enables policies to guarantee land security for the users.
Integrated management of water resources
Sustainable use of water resources is crucial in the arid and semi-arid areas in order to prevent
and halt land degradation. Activities to be undertaken at the regional level should include a set of
measures such as:
• Assessment of the availability of water resources, and strengthening of a water resources
information system;
• Capacity-building, institutional strengthening and technical and scientific cooperation;
• Support to institutional, legislative, regulatory and economic reforms;
• Support to cooperation on integrated water resources management in international river,
lake and hydrogeological basins, including the establishment of transboundary pilot areas;
• Promotion of the development of sustainable water supply and sanitation infrastructures in
the drylands.
24
Development of new and renewable energy sources
There exists a close linkage between energy and land degradation in dryland areas. The
identification and utilisation of alternative renewable energy sources, instead of using firewood,
has the potential to provide for better livelihoods and should be explored. The dryland regions
have considerable solar energy potential and, in some areas, enjoy conditions that are conducive
to the harnessing of wind energy and the exploitation of biomass. Also micro-hydraulics and
micro dams could provide a significant source of renewable energy.
In the light of these potentials, the development of new and renewable energy sources could be
supported at the regional level through
• Strengthening co-operation and exchange of information between commercial energy
providers and research institutions working on renewable energy;
• Promoting capacity building for local communities to use alternative energy sources.
Development of sustainable agriculture
Agricultural development strategies tend to be directed towards enhancing productivity with the
aim of rapid economic outcomes at the expense of long-term inputs in also environmentally and
socially sustainable production. In countries affected by desertification, priority should be given
to a programme approach, which may be supported by the following elements at the regional
level:
• Promoting closer interaction between research and farmers;
• Promoting the participation of women in the decision-making processes concerning
agriculture;
• Promoting adaptable and sound technologies to support sustainable agricultural farming
systems;
• Promoting early warning systems;
• Promoting relevant incentive measures, including access to affordable funding and credit;
• Promoting access to markets for agricultural products from affected countries.
Rational use of rangeland
Rational use of rangeland in drylands requires a strong input from the central authorities and
cooperating partners, as well as from rural societies. The activities to be undertaken at the
regional level include the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Promoting research and development for the sustainable use of rangelands, including
fodder production, animal husbandry and sand dune fixation;
Promoting the application of ecological monitoring programmes to the drylands areas;
Supporting extension services and adult education in pastoral areas;
Supporting the collection and distribution of traditional knowledge from pastoral
communities;
Promoting decentralisation and participation of farmers and pastoralists in the decisionmaking concerning rangelands;
Facilitating livestock movement to markets; reducing barriers in favour of livestock trade.
In addition, Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM)/ Reforestation and Ecological
Monitoring, natural resources mapping, remote sensing and early warning systems are horizontal
issues that would concern all five above mentioned themes.
25
2.1 Proposed
Proposed Projects
Projects
Projects shortlisted for NEPAD by the sub-regional organisations under the SRAPs for targeted
field-level interventions that cut across the above-mentioned themes of the CCD are summarised
in Annex B and detailed project descriptions are given in project fact sheets in Annex E.
The projects identified can be classified into three categories:
1st category :
First generation of projects, namely the projects that have already been subject to a
complete formulation exercise.
2nd category:
Second generation of projects, namely projects that have already been subject
to an advanced consultation between the countries concerned.
3rd category :
Third generation of projects namely, projects for which such or such a country
has indicated its intention to initiate consultations with one or several
neighbouring countries with the aim of developing a precise activity to combat
desertification at the interface of common frontiers of the countries concerned.
26
SECTION 3:
UMA CATEGORY 1 PROJECTS:
PROJECT FACT SHEET
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Domaine Thématique: Lutte contre la désertification
2-Titre du Projet: ceinture verte: Conservation et mise en valeur durable des ressources
naturelles dans les pays du Maghreb
3-Durée: 7 ans
4-Ordre du jour programmé: 2004-2010
• 2004: Planification détaillée des activités et mise en place des structures de coordination et
d’exécution du projet ,
• 2005: Elaboration des plans d’exécution et formation,
• 2005-2009: Exécution des actions programmées,
• 2007: Evaluation à mi-parcours et consolidation des actions du projet.
• 2010: Evaluation finale du projet et étude de faisabilité d’une deuxième phase.
5-Zone d’intervention (niveaux sous-régionaux et régionaux): Les Pays membres de l’Union du
Maghreb Arabe (Mauritanie, Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie et Libye).
6-Liaisons aux cadres régionaux et/au internationaux existants (CCD avec des synergies
possibles avec d’autres accords multilatéraux environnementaux):
Ce projet s’inscrit dans le cadre des priorités du programme d’action sous régional de lutte contre
la désertification adopté par les pays de l’UMA en tant qu’instrument de mise en œuvre de la
convention des nations unies sur la lutte contre la désertification (CCD).
7-Coût total estimé: 20 millions de dollars
8-Niveau de financement existant: (contribution des pays 20% en nature)
9-Financement supplémentaires nécessaires: (80%)
10-Objectifs:
Conscients des problèmes de désertification et préoccupés par la nécessité de faire le meilleur
usage des ressources naturelles et de lutter efficacement contre ce phénomène, les pays
Maghrébins ont pris de nombreuses mesures et dispositions en vue d’atténuer les effets néfastes
de ce fléau.
Dans l’esprit et le cadre des recommandations des Nations Unies (décision n°3337) et l’appel
lancé aux Pays et Organisations en vue de préserver les ressources naturelles et coordonner leurs
efforts et leurs stratégies, les pays du Maghreb Arabe, ont initié le Projet « ceinture verte » suite à
une étude de faisabilité élaborée par l’ALECSO, et adoptée en 1977 par les Ministres des pays du
Maghreb. Ce Projet a été lancé en collaboration avec le Programme des Nations Unies pour
l’environnement (PNUE) puis coordonné par l’ALECSO. Depuis sa création, le projet a pu
entreprendre une série d’activités (séminaires, colloques, cycles de formation et élaboration
d’études) qui ne cernaient pas d’une façon globale le problème de la désertification ont été jugées
27
insuffisantes. Le projet a donc conçu en 1997 une nouvelle stratégie basée sur des actions
concrètes visant à re-dynamiser les activités de lutte contre la désertification conformément aux
principes de la CCD. Il convient de noter que les éléments de cette stratégie ont été largement
débattus et admis, lors d’un atelier de travail, par un groupe d’experts de la région et par les
membres des deux comités communs permanent et technique du projet.
Les principaux objectifs du présent projet visent:
• l’amélioration du cadre de vie des populations les plus touchées par la désertification à travers
des actions de préservation, de réhabilitation et de développement durable des ressources
naturelles,
• La promotion de l’approche participative et de partenariat pour l’implication effective de
l’ensemble des acteurs et intervenants concernés ,
• La sauvegarde et la valorisation du savoir et du savoir faire local,
• La diversification des sources de revenus des populations locales,
• La Protection des infrastructures de bases des régions affectées.
11-Activités
Les activités prévues dans ce projet consistent à:
• Promouvoir et renforcer les unités de production de plants agro-sylvo-pastoraux,
• fixer biologiquement et mécaniquement les dunes,
• protéger les exploitations agricoles et les infrastructures de bases,
• mettre en place des ceintures vertes autour des villages menacés,
• diversifier les activités agricoles durables.
• organiser et améliorer les parcours,
• développer des systèmes forestiers de protection,
• intensifier les activités agricoles et d’hydrauliques rurales.
• développer les actions de proximité,
• Renforcer les moyens de gestion des parcs nationaux dans les régions affectées.
•
•
•
•
•
Pour le Maroc
La zone d’intervention concerne la Région de Souss-Massa-Draâ, située au sud ouest du pays,
où l’ensablement prend de l’ampleur suite à la dégradation du couvert végétal.
Pour l’Algérie
Le projet touchera les Willayas de Tebessa et ElOued localisées toutes deux dans le Sud Est
du pays en milieu semi aride et pre-saharien.
Pour la Tunisie
Le projet concerne les villages de Kebili, Beni Mhemid et de Tozeur, situés dans le sud du
pays, et sérieusement menacés par l’ensablement et par la dégradation des ressources
naturelles.
Pour la Mauritanie
Le projet permettra la protection de la ville de Nouakchott et ses infrastructures sociales et
économiques contre l’envahissement des sables..
Pour la Libye
Ce projet touchera la région frontalière d’El Ouarrara entre la Tunisie et la Jamahiriya
libyenne affectée par la dégradation des parcours et l’ensablement.
12-Résultats escomptés
Les actions prévues par le projet concernent des problématiques communes aux pays de
l’UMA. Elles permettront de développer et d’harmoniser les approches et les méthodologies
de lutte contre la désertification et de développement durable. Les résultats escomptés sont:
• La protection des agglomérations, des centres de vie, des infrastructures de bases et des terres
agricoles est assurée,
28
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Des ceintures vertes et des brise-vents sont mis en place,
Les édifices dunaires menaçants mobiles sont stabilisés,
La couverture végétale est reconstituée et exploitée de manière rationnelle,
La biodiversité est préservée,
Les conditions de vie des populations sont améliorées ;
La surface de verdure par habitant est améliorée ;
Le potentiel de production agro-syslvo-pastoral est préservé ;
L’exode rural a régressé ;
Les sources de revenus des populations sont diversifiées et améliorées ;
Les groupes cibles et en particulier les femmes, les jeunes et les diplômés sont promus ;
Les organisations locales sont initiées et soutenues ;
La petite entreprise est favorisée ;
les opportunités d’emploi sont disponibles,
Les groupes majeurs (ONG, associations et collectivités locales, etc..) sont impliqués,
sensibilisés et renforcés.
La lutte contre la désertification dans les pays de l’UMA est coordonnée ;
Le plan d’action sous régional est opérationnel ;
Les expériences des pays sont mieux connues et partagées ;
La mise en oeuvre des PANs est catalysée et appuyée
13-Partenaires engagés:
• Les départements ministériels, les collectivités locales, les ONG et les associations locales
dans les pays concernés.;
• UMA;
• CCD
14-Documentation existante (document existants de formulation de projet comprenant ceux
préconisés par le programme d’Action Sous-Régional (PASR) et le programme d’action Régional
(PASR) pour lutter contre la désertification en Afrique
• Des études réalisées par le projet ceinture verte au niveau du Maghreb
• Etudes réalisées au niveau des pays de l’UMA (disponibles)
• Plan d’Action sous régional UMA
15-Point focal/ institution de contact:
• Le Secrétariat de UMA
• Organes nationaux de coordination de la CCD.
29
PROJECT FACT SHEET
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Domaine Thématique: Lutte contre la désertification
2-Titre du Projet: Aménagement des bassins versants des oueds Mellegue, et M’soun / Inaoune.
3-Durée: 5 ans
4-Ordre du jour programmé: 2004- 2009
• 2004: Finalisation des études de faisabilité, planification détaillée des activités et mise en
place des structures de coordination et d’exécution du projet,
• 2005: Elaboration participative des plans de développement et d ‘aménagement local et
ateliers de formation,
• 2005-2009: Exécution des actions programmées,
• 2007: Evaluation à mi-parcours et consolidation des actions du projet
• 2009: Evaluation finale du projet et étude de faisabilité d’une deuxième phase.
5-Zone d’intervention (niveaux sous-régionaux et régionaux):
Les Pays membres de l’Union du Maghreb arabe (, Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie).
Le bassin versant de Méllegue, chevauchant sur les territoires algérien et tunisien, couvre une
superficie de près de 1 million d’ha. Le bassin versant de M’soun/Inaoune, drainant les versants
Sud Est de l’oriental du Maroc couvre, une superficie de 600 000 ha.
6-Liaisons aux cadres régionaux et / au internationaux existants (CCD avec des synergies
possibles avec d’autres accords multilatéraux environnementaux) :
Ce projet s’inscrit dans le cadre des priorités du programme d’action sous régional de lutte contre
la désertification adopté par les pays de l’UMA et des PANs.
7-Coût total estimé: 15 millions de dollars
8-Niveau de financement existant: (contribution en nature des pays 20%)
9-Financement supplémentaires nécessaires: (80%)
10-Objectifs:
L’érosion des sols constitue un processus de dégradation des ressources naturelles qui affecte
avec des intensités diverses, une grande partie des zones montagneuses des pays du Maghreb où
vit une population importante.
Les enjeux liés à ces phénomènes d’érosion sont perçus à divers niveaux:
D’abord au niveau de l’amenuisement de la productivité des terres par suite de la perte de la
couche arable avec comme corollaire l’extension des cultures sur des terres de plus en plus
marginales pour la satisfaction des besoins croissants des populations rurales.
La régression de la couverture végétale protectrice du sol qui s’accompagne d’une perte de la
biodiversité
L’envasement à des taux de plus en plus élevés des retenues des barrages, limitant tant la quantité
que la qualité des eaux mobilisables
La gravité de la situation a depuis de longue date incité les pouvoirs publics à prendre des
mesures pour promouvoir des programmes de lutte contre l’érosion dans le double objectif de
conservation des ressources naturelles en amont et de protection des infrastructures à l’aval.
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Les résultats obtenus, bien qu’ayant permis de cumuler une expérience diversifiée sur la
problématique et les solutions techniques dans différentes situations, sont mitigés et restent
globalement très en déca des besoins. La pression croissante exercée sur les ressources naturelles
n’a fait qu’aggraver les phénomènes d’érosion nécessitant ainsi des moyens et des mesures
appropriés pour remédier à la situation. C’est dans ce contexte que les pays de l’UMA (Tunisie,
Algérie et Maroc) ont adopté des cadres stratégiques pour l’aménagement des bassins versants,
fixant les priorités d’intervention et inscrivant les actions dans la durée en se fondant sur
l’intégration et l’approche participative et de partenariat. Ces plans constituent des composantes
principales des PAN/LCD.
Le présent projet vise à appuyer l’effort des pays de l’UMA dans le domaine et favoriser
l’échange d’expériences sur les plans méthodologiques et approches pour l’aménagement intégré
des bassins versants de Melegue et de M’soun/Inaoune. Les objectifs principaux sont :
• la conservation et l’amélioration de la productivité des terres amont
• la protection des infrastructures en aval
• le renforcement des infrastructures sociales et économiques de bases.
• l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations locales
11-Activités:
• Le projet sera fondé sur l’approche participative et de partenariat conciliant entre les besoins
pressants des populations locales et les impératifs de conservation des ressources naturelles .
Les actions intégrées comporteront :
• La reconstitution des forêts dégradées
• L’extension du patrimoine forestier
• L’amélioration sylvo-pastorale
• Le développement de l’arboriculture rustique des montages
• Le traitement mécanique et biologique des ravins
• La Promotion des projets de proximité répondant aux besoins des populations dans le cadre
d’un développement rural intégré durable
12-Résultats escomptés:
• Les ressources naturelles eau-sol-végétation sont conservées et mises en valeur sur une base
durable,
• Le potentiel de production agro-syslvo-pastoral est préservé
• Les groupes cibles et en particulier les femmes, les jeunes et les diplômés sont promus ,
• Les organisations locales sont initiées et soutenues
• Les groupes majeurs (ONG, associations et collectivités locales, etc..) sont impliqués,
sensibilisés et renforcés.
• Les sources de revenus des populations sont diversifiées et améliorées
• Les conditions de vie des populations sont améliorées
• L’ exode rural a régressé,
• La lutte contre l’érosion comme facteur de désertification dans les pays de l’UMA est
coordonnée,
• Le plan d’action sous régional est opérationnel,
• Les expériences des pays sont mieux connues et partagées,
• La mise en oeuvre des PANs est catalysée et appuyée,
13-Partenaires engagés:
• Les départements ministériels, les collectivités locales, les ONG et les associations locales
dans les pays concernés.
• UMA
• CCD
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14-Documentation existante (document existants de formulation de projet comprenant ceux
préconisés par le programme d’Action Sous-Régional (PASR) et le programme d’action Régional
(PASR) pour lutter contre la désertification en Afrique):
• Etudes d’aménagement des bassins de Mellegue et de Msoun sont disponibles.
• Plan d’Action sous régional UMA
15-Point focal/ institution de contact.
• Secrétariat de l’UMA
• Départements nationaux concerné
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PROJECT FACT SHEET
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Domaine Thématique: Lutte contre la désertification
2-Titre du projet: « Restauration et Développement des éco-systèmes oasiens ».
3-Durée du projet: 5 années
4-Ordre du Jour Programmé: 2004-2009.
• 2004: Planification détaillée des activités et mise en place des structures de coordination et
d’exécution du projet ,
• 2005: Elaboration des plans d’exécution et formation,
• 2005-2009: Exécution des actions programmées,
• 2007: Evaluation à mi-parcours et consolidation des actions du projet
• 2009: Evaluation finale du projet et étude de faisabilité d’une deuxième phase.
5-Zone d’intervention:
La région du Maghreb Arabe ( Mauritanie, Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Libye).
6-Liaisons aux cadres régionaux et/ou internationaux existants:
• Les Organisations régionales telles que, CILSS, IGAD, SADC, CEN-SAD ;
• La CCD, CBD ;
• FAO, UNESCO, PNUE, PNUD, IPIGRI, CBD, etc.
7-Coût du projet: 13.500.000 $
8-Niveau de financement existant: 20%
Ce niveau correspond à une contribution en nature de l’ordre de 20% du coût du projet qui sera
mobilisée par les pays membres de l’UMA.
9-Financement supplémentaire nécessaire: 80%
10-Objectifs:
Les oasis ont toujours joué un rôle soci-économique et écologique de grande importance au
niveau des pays du Maghreb. Elles permettent d’approvisionner les régions concernées en
produits agricoles et la sédentarisation de nombreuses populations nomades.
Les écosystèmes oasiens continuent à être exposés à un processus de dégradation sévère. En
effet, ils sont menacés par la salinité et l’ensablement qui sont aggravés par les effets conjugués
des maladies phytopathologiques, et l’exploitation excessive des ressources naturelles disponibles
notamment les nappes phréatiques.
Malgré les multiples problèmes auxquels sont confrontées les oasis maghrébines, les possibilités
de développement et de réhabilitation des systèmes oasiens sont réelles.
Les objectifs du projet sont:
• Le maintien et la promotion de l’activité agricole dans les espaces oasiens et perioasiens ;
• La réhabilitation du patrimoine phoénicicole ;
• Le Développement et la valorisation de la production agricole oasienne ;
• La réhabilitation, la promotion et la valorisation des systèmes traditionnels de techniques
culturales et notamment d’irrigation et de gestion de l’eau;
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•
•
L’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations oasiennes;
La mise en place d’un réseau maghrébin commun d’échange d’informations et de transfert de
technologies spécifiques aux écosystèmes oasiens ;
11-Activités:
Les principales activités du projet sont:
• Développer et promouvoir les activités génératrices de revenus;
• Organiser des ateliers de formation et de vulgarisation sur les techniques agricoles dans le
milieu oasien;
• Lutter contre les maladies spécifiques du palmier dattier;
• Rationaliser les cultures en étage;
• Améliorer les techniques de production et de valorisation des produits oasiens;
• Réhabiliter les palmeraies dégradées;
• Réhabiliter les systèmes d’irrigation traditionnels; et promouvoir les techniques d’économie
d’eau adaptés à l’écosystème oasien;
• Promouvoir et renforcer les échanges d’information et le transfert des technologies entre les
structures des pays maghrébins en charge ou intervenant dans la gestion des écosystèmes
oasiens.
12-Résultats attendus:
Des activités génératrices de revenus sont identifiées et mises en oeuvre;
• Un programme de formation et de vulgarisation sur les techniques agricoles dans le milieu
oasien est établi et réalisé;
• Un programme de lutte contre les maladies du palmier dattier est adopté et mis en oeuvre
• Les ressources phytogénétiques sont préservées;
• Un programme de réhabilitation des palmeraies est établi et mis en application;
• Un programme de réhabilitation et développement des cultures en étage est élaboré et réalisé;
• Des techniques de production et de valorisation des produits oasiens sont identifiées et
adoptées par la population locale;
• Les systèmes d’irrigation traditionnels sont réhabilités et les techniques d’économie d’eau
sont identifiées et mises en œuvre;
• Un réseau maghrébin d’échange d’informations spécifiques aux écosystèmes oasiens est mis
en place.
13-Partenaires impliqués:
Les institutions nationales des pays membres de l’UMA impliquées dans la gestion des
écosystèmes oasiens;
• Les instituions régionales;
• Les ONG;
• CILSS,
• les partenaires financiers.
14-Documentation existante ( documents existants pour la formulation du projet: rapports des consultants,
etc ):
Etudes réalisées par les pays membres de l’UMA ;
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15-Point focal / Institutions de contact
• Secrétariat Général de l’UMA ;
• Les départements ministériels concernés par le projet.
• Les institutions de recherches nationales spécialisées
• Secrétariat des Conventions des Nations Unies sur la lutte contre la Désertification et de la
Biodiversité ;
• UNESCO, FAO, PNUD, PNUE OADA, ACSAD, ICARDA, IPIGRI.
35
PROJECT FACT SHEET
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Domaine Thématique: Lutte contre la désertification
2-Titre du projet: «Mise en place d’un réseau maghrébin de surveillance écologique à long
terme».
3-Durée du projet: 5 années
4-Ordre du Jour Programmé: 2004-2009.
• 2004: Planification détaillée des activités et mise en place des structures de coordination et
d’exécution du projet ,
• 2005: Elaboration des indicateurs de suivi et ateliers de formation,
• 2005-2009: Suivi, évaluation des indicateurs et mise en place du réseau,
• 2007: Evaluation à mi-parcours et consolidation des résultats obtenus
• 2009: Evaluation finale du projet et étude de faisabilité d’une deuxième phase.
5-Zone d’intervention:
• La région du Maghreb Arabe ( Mauritanie, Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Libye).
6-Liaisons aux cadres régionaux et/ou internationaux existants:
• L’Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel (OSS) ;
• Les Organisations régionales telles que, CILSS, IGAD, SADC, CEN-SAD ;
• L’Organisation africaine de Cartographie et de Télédétection (OACT), point focal
institutionnel de la CCD du TPN ;
• La CCD et la CBD
• FAO, UNESCO, OMM, PNUE etc.
7-Coût du projet: 10.000.000 $
8-Fonds disponibles et mobilisables: 1.500.000 $
Le Maghreb dispose d’ores et déjà d'observatoires de surveillance écologique dans le cadre du
Réseau circum-saharien de l'Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel ROSELT/OSS. Un fonds de
500.000 $ est déjà mobilisé auprès de la Suisse à ce titre au profit de l’Algérie, du Maroc et de la
Tunisie.
Par ailleurs, une contribution en nature de l’ordre de 20% du coût du projet (soit 1.000.000$) sera
mobilisée par les pays membres de l’UMA.
9. Fonds additionnel à mobiliser: 8.500.000 $ répartis comme suit:
• Equipement, collecte et analyse des données,
• Formation, ateliers, harmonisation de la collecte des données,
• Assistance technique pour obtention de produits d’aide à la décision,
• Cellules de coordination,
• Produits consommables et acquisition d’images satellitaires
10-Objectifs:
Près de 93 % des terres des zones arides et semi-arides des pays de l’Union du Maghreb Arabe
(UMA), seraient menacées ou affectées par la désertification au sens de la définition retenue par
la Convention des Nations Unies de Lutte contre la Désertification (CCD). Les connaissances du
36
phénomène demeurent à un niveau relativement faible. Les seules certitudes sont la progression
constante de ce fléau et son caractère transfrontalier. Les moyens de lutte contre la désertification
sont certes multiples mais la surveillance écologique en constitue l’une des bases fondamentales.
La surveillance continue serait en mesure de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de ce
phénomène et partant à un contrôle et à une lutte plus efficace de ses effets.
L’idée force qui apparaît à travers le PASR/UMA, en matière de surveillance écologique, est de
rendre les approches plus globales à même de développer des synergies entre les pays de l’UMA
en vue d'une lutte plus efficace contre la désertification et de contribuer à l’objectif général et
fondamental du développement durable dans leurs régions arides. La surveillance écologique à
l’échelle maghrébine est donc appelée à adopter, dans le cadre d’un réseau commun, une
approche globale de surveillance écologique qui garantit aux résultats une valeur ajoutée par
rapport aux approches nationales ou trans-nationales.
Cette surveillance concerne le suivi de l’état des ressources biophysiques des milieux naturels et
des agro-systèmes ainsi que l’évaluation des interactions usages-ressources et leur impact dans la
dynamique de la désertification.
Elle contribuera sans doute à prévenir la survenance des catastrophes naturelles et à provoquer
l’alerte précoce contre la sécheresse et d’autres aléas naturels.
L’objectif principal du projet est la mise en place d'un réseau maghrébin d'observation écologique
à long terme. Ce projet sera en fait l’initiateur d’un programme qui vise l’installation, à plus long
terme, d’un espace maghrébin d’observation écologique.
La mise en place d’un espace commun d’observation écologique à l’échelle de l’UMA revient
notamment à:
• Mettre en réseau les principales institutions nationales qui œuvrent dans le sens d’une
meilleure maîtrise des connaissances relatives aux causes et aux effets de la désertification
dans la sous-région maghrébine;
• Elaborer une approche globale, cohérente et harmonisée en matière de surveillance
écologique, à l’échelle maghrébine, impliquant l’ensemble des disciplines concernées par les
problèmes de l’environnement;
• Elaborer, à l’échelle sous-régionale, un système de référence en matière de surveillance
écologique;
• Renforcer les capacités nationales des structures facilitant la circulation de l'information, la
formation et la vulgarisation à l’échelle maghrébine en matière de surveillance écologique.
11-Activités:
Les principales activités du projet sont:
• L’évaluation, à l'échelle du Maghreb, de l’état des ressources biophysiques et de leur
sensibilité à la désertification;
• L’évaluation des interactions usages-ressources naturelles en relation avec la dynamique de la
désertification à l’échelle du Maghreb ;
• L’établissement des bases de référentiels écologiques à l’échelle du Maghreb ;
• La mise en place d’un réseau opérationnel de surveillance écologique à l’échelle maghrébine ;
• L’établissement d’un Système Maghrébin de circulation d’Information Ecologique.
12-Résultats attendus:
• Représentation cartographique synthétique des niveaux de sensibilité à la désertification à
l’échelle maghrébine donnant les indicateurs d’identification des zones cibles prioritaires pour
37
des études ou des actions dans le cadre des programmes d’actions nationaux et sousrégionaux de lutte contre la désertification;
•
Synthèse, à l’échelle maghrébine, sur les conditions écologiques et socio-économiques des
territoires des observatoires indiquant l'état des ressources, des pressions d'exploitation, des
usages et des pratiques (identification éco-régionale);
•
Définition d'un kit minimum de descripteurs et d’indicateurs bio-physiques et socioéconomiques avec les protocoles et les procédures détaillées de mesure ou d’évaluation dans
le cadre d'un programme de surveillance écologique à long terme ;
•
Mise en place d'un système d'information de référence à l’échelle maghrébine disposant des
données environnementales et socio-économiques de base (support d’information et système
de circulation de l’information) ;
•
Mise en œuvre d’un réseau maghrébin de surveillance écologique à long terme ;
•
Mise en place d'un site Web. maghrébin d'information et de vulgarisation en matière de
surveillance écologique.
13-Partenaires impliqués:
• Les institutions nationales des pays membres de l’UMA impliquées dans le domaine de la
cartographie thématique appliquée aux ressources naturelles et de l’observation ;
• Les instituions régionales (Observatoire régional de télédétection, l’OACT, etc…) ;
• Les institutions nationales oeuvrant dans la maîtrise des connaissances des causes et des effets
de la désertification ;
• L’OSS en tant que partenaire scientifique et technique de l’UMA ;
• Les organisations sous régionales (CILSS) ;
• DIS MED
• les partenaires financiers
14-Documentation existante (documents existants pour la formulation du projet : rapports des
consultants, etc ):
• Le PASR ( fiche préliminaire du projet)
• Etude de faisabilité élaborée par l’OSS
15-Point focal / Institutions de contact:
• Secrétariat Général de l’UMA;
• Secrétariat de la Convention des Nations Unies sur la lutte contre la Désertification;
• L’OSS;
• Les départements nationaux concernés par le projet.
38
39
CEMAC:
CATEGORY 1 PROJECTS:
IGAD CATEGORY 1 PROJECTS:
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic Area: The project cuts across all project proposals presented to NEPAD eg:
• Integrated management of water resource including large river basins
• Sound management of transboundary pastoral resources and development of fodder
• Restoration of degraded ecosystems and the improvement of fertility of soils
• Promotion of sustainable agriculture in semi-arid zones
• Integrated management of natural resources through the actions of transboundary reforestation
• Promotion of energy sources particularly energies with an environmental consideration
2-Project Title: Environment Education and Training in the IGAD Sub-region
3-Duration: Five Years
4-Planned Timetable: 2003-2008
5-Zone of Intervention: IGAD sub-region covering Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia,
Sudan and Uganda.
6-Linkages with existing regional/international frameworks: As a crosscutting theme, the
project will contribute to the implementation of the projects proposed to NEPAD, UNCCD, CBD,
UNFCC and other MEAs.
7-Total estimated cost: US $8 000 000 (US dollars Eight million)
8-Existing level funding: N/A
9-Additional funding: Yes
10-Objectives:
To increase awareness on sustainable management of the environment and natural resources
To develop and use EE&T as a tool for improving the management of environmental resources
11-Activities:
Assess existing and develop appropriate EE&Tpolicies and strategies including priority areas
Review and develop environment and gender sensitive curricula.
Assess existing and develop appropriate teaching and learning materials
Provide training for trainers and teachers to implement a new EE&T curriculum and guidelines
Exchange experience and information including establishment of a network of EE&T experts
12-Expected outcomes:
• Appropriate policies and strategies on EE&T
• Appropriate gender sensitive EE&T model curriculum
• Sufficient model teaching and learning materials
• Sufficiently trained TOTs and Teachers
• EE&T models and materials
• Network for EE&T information and experience exchange
• Project Management Unit operational
40
13-Stakeholders involved:
Ministries of Education, Environment and Natural Resources, Water Resources, Energy of IGAD
Member States, NGOs, CBO and the private sector involved in the EE&T
14-Project Document: Project document prepared
15-Focal point/contact institution: IGAD / Center of Excellence to be selected on established
criteria to host the project in one of the member states.
41
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic area: Integrated management of water resources including river basins
2- Project title: Capacity building in integrated water resources management in the IGAD subregion
3-Duration: Five Years
4-Planned timetable: 2003-2006
5-Zone of intervention: IGAD sub-region in Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda
and Somalia
6-Linkages with existing regional/international frameworks: UNCCD, CBD and Climate
Change
7-Total Estimated cost: US $5 800 000
8-Existing level funding: N/A
9-Additional funding: Yes
10-Objectives:
• Identify factors of water resources mismanagement, depletion, losses and pollution in major
basins; implications to socio-economic development to communities, member states and the
sub-region in general;
• Enhance understand and appreciation of the nature of shared and trans-boundary water
resources, use, conservation, mutual benefits & responsibilities over the same
• Identify various gaps that need to be filled to achieve a more efficient, cost effective and
sustainable water management in the IGAD region and formulate broad integrated
management strategies
• Enhance negotiations and conflict resolution capacities in respect to trans-boundary watershed
and water bodies.
• Assist the member states in developing their national capacities in human resources
development, strengthening of training institutions and in improving policy and legislative
frameworks
• Provide a forum for deliberating on policy issues in the integrated management of water
resources in the region
11-Activities:
• Building databases and information on water resources management systems, depletion,
losses and pollution in major basins;
• Analysis of the implications to socio-economic development to communities, member states
and the sub- region in general
• Training in policy formulation and analysis, negotiation skills and national and international
water law and conflict resolution.
• Development of the necessary local capacities at professional and sub-professional levels to
extend and provide the necessary services in all areas of IWRM.
• Training managers in water costing systems to support IWRM.
• Create networks and foras between professional in the sub-region
42
•
•
Establishment of trans-boundary river basins institutions
Facilitating sharing of experiences on regulatory frameworks between IWRM institutions in
the sub-region through workshops and study tours.
12-Expected outcome:
• A better understanding of the water resources status and prospects in IGAD
• Capacity for appropriate policy and legal frameworks in IWRM improved
• The human resources for IWRM in the sub-region developed/strengthened
• The institutional capacity for IWRM in the sub-region strengthened
• Water resources assessment planning and information dissemination capacities in the subregion improved
13-Stakeholders involved:
IGAD member states, local authorities, NGOs, CBO and private sector
14-Project Document: Ready
15-Focal point/contact institution: IGAD
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PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic area: Promotion of energy sources particularly renewable energy sources
2-Project title: Household energy for poverty alleviation and women economic empowerment in
IGAD sub-region
3-Duration: Four Years
4-Planned timetable: 2003-2007
5-Zone of intervention: Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Somalia
6-Linkages with existing regional/international frameworks: UNCCD, CBD and Climate
Change
7-Total Estimated cost: US $5 000 000
8-Existing level funding: N/A
9-Additional funding: Yes
10-Objectives:
• Promote understanding and sharing of renewable energy technologies experiences in the
region;
• Contribute to policy harmonization on renewable energy between the different IGAD
countries, and assistance to hold discussions on conventions, such as CBD and the CCD for
example;
• Assist in the developing of capacity in fabricating, maintenance of RET stoves; and
• Create greater awareness about RET through information sharing.
• Raise fuel wood self sufficiency through the promotion of woodlots
11-Activities:
• Studies to understand and analyze existing energy efficient technologies currently in use by
different communities in the member states and their implications to environmental and
natural resources conservation;
• Review existing policies on RET in member states
• Assessments to understand existing needs and formulate model policy on RET;
• Hold workshops in member states to share information and for introduction & promotion of
efficient ones, identify issues needing further action, and build consensus action plans;
• Undertake a range of training and capacity building activities;
• Network establishment and management within the region, through for example email,
websites, development of databases and newsletters;
• Policy dialogue and meetings to help achieve policy harmonization, as well as assist member
states to agree on common positions for international convention meetings;
• Study tours for key groups of people (policy makers, key government departments, NGO's,
community members) to certain projects and sites to learn from ongoing practice in the
region; and
• Gather and analyse data and information to demonstrate role of woodlots on household fuel
supply and maintenance of environmental health
44
12-Expected outcome:
Education and publicity of renewable energy technologies enhanced Commercialization and
marketing of renewable energy technologies promoted Pilot and demonstration of renewable
energy technologies undertake Increased vegetation cover through woodlots
13-Stakeholders involved: IGAD member states, NGOs, CBO and private sector
14-Project Document: Ready
15-Focal point/contact institution: IGAD and partnership with NGO, private sector and CBOs
in the region
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PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic area: Integrated management of natural resources
2-Project title: Capacity Building for Community Based Natural Resources in the IGAD Subregion
3-Duration: Five Years
4-Planned timetable: 2003-2008
5-Zone of intervention: IGAD sub-region in Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda
and Somalia
6-Linkages with existing regional/international frameworks: UNCCD, CBD and Climate
Change
7-Total Estimated cost: US $6 850 000
8-Existing level funding: N/A
9-Additional funding: Yes
10-Objectives
• To promote understanding and sharing of CBNRM experiences in the region
• To contribute to policy harmonization on CBNRM between the different IGAD countries and
assist in discussions of Convention, such as CBD and the CCD
• To identify natural resources of trans-boundary importance and reasons for their importance
• To enable communities recognize the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem integrity and
linkages with livelihoods
• To create greater awareness of CBNRM through exchange and sharing of information and
experience
11- Activities:
• Studies to understand and analyze existing CBNRM approaches within the member states and
globally
• Assessments and analysis to understand existing constraints and needs at various levels
including technical understanding, management problems, lack of entrepreneurial capacity,
policy and legal frameworks, incentives etc;
• Establish training programmes with appropriate practical demonstration models centers in the
region to facilitate exchange of experiences
• Undertake a range of training and capacity building activities at all levels
• Workshops at various levels to share information, identify areas of concern and for further
action, and to seek consensus on best an action plan;
• Network establishment and management within the region, through for example e-mail,
websites, development of databases and newsletters;
• Study tours for key groups of people (policy makers, key government departments, NGOs,
community members) to certain projects and sites to learn from ongoing practices in the
region.
• Policy dialogue and meetings to help achieve policy harmonization within the IGAD sub-
46
region, as well as assist member states to agree on a common position for international
convention meetings
12-Expected outcome:
Technical capacity to enable CBNRM at all levels enhanced
• Awareness of CBNRM enhanced, including understanding of existing CBNRM in the subregion
• Opportunities for conflict resolution through policy dialogue created
• Value and importance of trans-boundary natural resources management better perceived and
appreciated
13-Stakeholders involved: IGAD member states, NGOs, CBO, private sector and IUCN
14-Project Document: Ready
15-Focal point/contact institution: IGAD Secretariat
47
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic Area:The project cuts across the following thematic areas:
• Integrated Management of Water Resources including large river basins
• Sound management of Transboundary pastoral resources and the development of fodder
cultivation
• Restoration of degraded ecosystems and the improvement of fertility of soils
• Promotion of sustainable agriculture in semi-arid zones
• Integrated management of natural resources through the actions of transboundary
reforestation
2-Project Title: Rehabilitation and management of Degraded Rangelands
3-Duration: 10 years
4-Planned Timetable: 2003-2013
5-Zone of Intervention: IGAD Sub-region covering the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda
6-Linkages with existing regional/international frameworks: UNCCD, CBD and FCCC
7-Total estimated cost: US$ 10,000,000 (ten million US Dollar)
8-Existing level funding: N/A
9-Additional funding: Total funding required
10-Objectives:
• Develop a better understanding of the causes, extent, severity and physical processes of
desertification
• Assess loss of biodiversity and its impacts on the socioeconomic well-being of the affected
communities
• Foster improved and integrated soil, land, water, vegetation, cultivation and livestock
management technologies
• Evaluate and assist in designing policies, programmes, institutional frameworks that will
positively impact on the management of land from the local to the subregional levels
• Promote the exchange of information and technologies within and between communities and
states
11-Activities:
• Ecological assessments and monitoring activities at chosen sites
• Assess the status of biodiversity conservation status and its potential rehabilitation and
sustainable use
• Assess the alternative livelihood systems that will enable the stabilization and rehabilitation of
the sites
• Exchange information and experiences
• Draft policy and legal framework for the rehabilitation of such degraded rangelands in the
IGAD sub-region
12-Expected outcomes:
• A detailed ecological assessment methodology documented
• A policy and legal framework proposed
• Affected areas rehabilitated
48
13-Stakeholders involved: Ministries of Agriculture, Livestock, Environment and Natural
Resources, National Dryland agricultural centres, other regional and international organizations
such as ossrea, ASARECA, FAO
14-Project Document: Project document already prepared
15-Focal point/ contact institution: IGAD Secretariat/Centre(s) of excellence in MS to host the
programme (yet to be identified).
49
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic Area:The project cuts across the following thematic areas:
• Promotion of sustainable agriculture in semi-arid zones.
• Integrated management of natural resources through the actions of transboundary
reforestation.
• Restoration of degraded ecosystems and the improvement of fertility of soils.
• Sound management of transboundary pastoral resources and the development of fodder
cultivation.
2-Project Title: Promotion of Sustainable Crop Production in Drylands of IGAD Sub-region:
IGAD Human Resources and Gender Equity Development for Semi-Arid Agricultural Research.
3-Duration: Five years
4-Planned Timetable: 2003-2008
5-Zone of Intervention: IGAD Sub-region covering the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda
6-Linkages with existing regional/international frameworks: IGAD is working closely with
USAID who formulated the project. Other linkages foreseen are ASARECA, FAO. National
centres in MS will play a big role. Also regional universities will train manpower.
7-Total estimated cost: US$ 10,000,000
8-Existing level funding: No funding at the moment
9-Additional funding: Total funding required
10-Objectives:
• To strengthen human capacity both in extension and research in semi-arid zones.
• To promote Gender equity in human resources development.
• To facilitate researchers and extension workers in some activities.
• To increase food security through improved manpower in the semi-arid zones.
11-Activities:
• Assess regional institutional capacity for semi-arid agricultural research.
• Establish IGAD regional research fellowships.
• Make a comparative analysis of IGAD regional agricultural training programs.
• Establish IGAD semi-arid student research grants.
• Establish grants to grassroots women's organizations working on adaptive and demonstration
trials of new technologies in semi-arid regions.
• Support semi-arid teaching staff by reworking existing courses in soil and water management,
seed production and distribution, food processing, marketing in order to better address
materials on the special needs and concerns of the semi arid regions.
• Establish IGAD semi-arid agriculture newsletter (2 years).
• Create IGAD semi-arid website.
• Establish Horn of Africa agricultural scientific journal.
• Establish centres of excellence in the IGAD sub-region semi-arid zone for networking.
50
12-Expected outcomes:
• Capacity of Trained Researchers & technicians in semi-arid research strengthened.
• Future leaders of research, teaching & extension for semi-arid agriculture enhanced.
• Capacity of institutions addressing the critical gender issues increased.
• Networking between centers of excellence servicing the semi-arid agriculture strengthened.
13-Stakeholders involved: IGAD MSs research/extension institution in dryland zone, Ministries
of agriculture and livestock of IGAD MS, Ministries of Environment and Natural Resources,
universities in the sub-region and other such ASARECA, FAO, ECA, ADB, NEPAD, UNCCD.
14-Project Document: Project document already formulated.
15-Focal point/ contact institution: IGAD Secretariat and Centres of excellence in MS (yet to
be identified).
51
SADC:
CATEGORY 1 PROJECTS:
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic Area: Sustainable Agriculture, Land restoration and conservation, pastoralism,
integrated water resources management and alternative energy resources
2-Project Title: Kalahari-Namib Project On Transboundary Desertification Control.
• Phase I and II ( Nossob/Molopo river Basin in Botswana, Namibia And South Africa)
• Phase III (Pro-Namib and Richtersveld in Angola, Namibia and South Africa)
• Phase IV (Northern Kalahari in Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia)
3-Duration: 20 years
4-Planned Time-Table: Project proposal development: Oct 2002 – Feb 2003
• Phase I: 2003 – 2007 (Nossob/Molopo river basin pilot sites)
• Phase II: 2008 – 2010 (Expansion within Nossob/Molopo basin)
• Phase III: 2011 – 2015 (Pro-Namib and Richtersveld)
• Phase IV: 2016 – 2022 (Northern Kalahari)
5-Zone of Intervention: SADC Sub-region
• Phases I and II Botswana, Namibia and South Africa (Southern Kalahari – Nossob /Molopo
river Basin)
• Phase III: Angola, Namibia and South Africa (Pro-Namib & Richtersveld)
• Phase IV: Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia
(Northern Kalahari/ Upper Zambezi and Okavango river basins)
6-Linkages with existing regional/international frameworks: UNCCD, CBD, UNFCCC
SADC Protocol on Shared Waters
7-Estimated Costs:
Consultative project proposal development: US $ 60 000
Phase I: US $ 4 240 000 (5 years)
Phase II US $ 3 500 000 (3 years)
Phase III US $ 5 400 000 (5 years)
Phase IV US $ 6 800 000 (5 years) + 2 500 000 (last two years)
Total cost: US $ 22 500 000
8-Existing level of funding:
Project Proposal development: U$ 60 000
Phase I: US $ 100 000 available for community benefits to bridge interim
Phase II : No funding secured
Phase III: No funding secured
Phase IV: No funding secured
9-Additional funding: Yes
52
10-Objectives:
• To enhance the livelihoods of rural communities dependent on natural resources in the
drylands of the Kalahari/ Namib
• To develop improved land use systems with emphasis on the marginal lands of the
Kalahari/Namib ecosystem
• To promote environmentally-sound sustainable agricultural practices in these trans-boundary
areas
• To promote regional co-operation and exchange of experiences pertinent to integrated natural
resource management, land restoration and conservation and the use of alternative energy
sources
• To enable decision-makers within these shared river basins/desert ecosystems to manage their
natural resources sustainably
11-Activities:
The activities will differ with each phase and will be determined in consultation with the
communities in the pilot areas in each participating country at least a year prior to the initiation
of the next phase. Phase I is aimed at assisting the communities to develop their own natural
resources management and income generating activities,; and capacity building for community
based natural resources management, all of which will be synthesized into a truly transboundary
project involving the three countries. This will form the basis for subsequent phases.
The major activities for Phase 1 are envisaged to be:
1. Interactive consultation at all levels, collection, analysis and dissemination of biophysical,
socio-economic and institutional information on the Nossob/Molopo river Basin in all
three countries and elaboration of a common vision for the sustainable management of the
natural resources within the basin.
2. Establishment of a basin management committee involving all major stakeholders, e.g.
farmers associations, village development committees, water point committees and park
authorities. Capacity building of these interest groups through targeted training on request.
3. Exchange of information, identification of knowledge gaps and research needs. Pertinent
bio-physical and socio-economic research e.g. to determine ecological water requirements
of this ephemeral river system, to test the most appropriate dune stabilization and
vegetation restoration techniques, to assess water harvesting methods and water demand
management approaches.
4. Promote integrated trans-boundary planning and implementation of development options
within the basin and assist through capacity building to strengthen this at local and basin
level.
5. Develop and operationalise a local level monitoring and evaluation system
6. Document and share lessons learnt and best practices.
7. Promote income generating activities
Phase II will strive to expand the project to communities beyond those in the initial pilot areas to
further afield within the Nossob/ Molopo River Basin, evaluate the impacts of phase I and
through consultation prepare Namib communities to participate in Phase III.
Phase III will expand activities to the Pro-Namib and Richtersveld areas shared by Angola,
Namibia and South Africa and prepare communities in the five countries that share the northern
Kalahari for their participation in the final phase.
Phase IV will implement the project in a new trans-boundary area in the first 5 years and the last
two years will be used to assess the project as a whole and ensure that all the trans-boundary
53
basin and ecosystem management committees established are able to continue managing the
natural resources sustainably without external funding.
12-Expected outcome:
Expected outcomes for Phase I are as follows:
1. Pilot areas where sound management of natural resources will be promoted and
developed, established
2. Communities in the selected pilot sites actively involved in significant on-going activities
in combating desertification such as soil conservation; small-scale dryland agriculture and
food production, rehabilitation of degraded rangelands and alternative income generating
activities such as ecotourism.
3. A sound scientific understanding of the biophysical and socio-economic characteristics
and functioning of the basin and ongoing exchange of pertinent knowledge between and
amongst communities and scientists in the basin, countries involved and SADC.
4. A functioning trans-boundary Nossob/Molapo river Basin committee, involving all major
stakeholders in the basin capable to plan, monitor, evaluate natural resource management
and restoration activities within the basin with appropriate decision making power.
This will be the basis for subsequent phases of the Kalahari-Namib project
13-Stakeholders involved:
• Phase I and II: The three member states, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, NGOs, CBOs,
UNCCDSecretariat, PEREZ GUERRERO Trust Fund, SADC-ELMS, SADC WSCU,
National Focal Points for UNCCD and NGOs .
• Phase III, Angola will be included as will new donors and stakeholders from the Namib.
• Phase IV will see the project expanded to include Zambia and Zimbabwe, new donors and
stakeholders in the Upper Zambezi/ Okavango river basins.
14-Project document: Consultative Project proposal development underway in all 3 participating
countries and between the 3 countries. This proposal will be completed in February 2003. Phase I
proposal thus under Review, will be available Feb 2003
Phase II – IV draft proposals will be developed during 2003 and finalized following consultations
between involved countries a year or two prior to implementation.
15-Focal point/contact institution: SADC-ELMS
54
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Project Title: Demonstration Phase Activities of the Africa Land and Water Management
Initiative in the Limpopo River Basin in Southern Africa
2-Objectives:
• To Conduct an inventory/scooping and critical analysis of initiatives in natural resources
management in the basin in order to identify issues and areas needing interventions to combat
resource degradation and poverty.
• To assist communities develop natural resources management and income generating
proposals.
3-Activities:
• Activities for phase I of the project are as follows:
• Initiation of policy and management framework development
• Collection and analyses of information related to the project
• Local-level consultations in Limpopo River Basin (4 locations)
• Riparian countries stakeholder consultation workshop
• Sub-regional government, donor, and stakeholder forum
• Development of project proposals for specific funding sources
Activities for 4year-phase II of the project will be determined by phase I.
Expected outcomes:
• Policy and management framework developed
• Project proposals for specific funding sources developed
55
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic Area: Combating Desertification
2-Project title: Capacity Building for Improved Rangeland Management in Southern African
Development Community (SADC) Countries
3-Planned timetable: 10 years: 2003-2013
4-Zone of intervention: SADC Sub region: 14 Countries
5-Linkages to existing regional and/or international frameworks (CCD, with possible
synergies with other multilateral environmental agreements): SADC Sub-regional Action
Programs SRAP for implementing United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
(UNCCD)
6-Total estimated cost: US$22, 895, 000
7-Existing level of funding: US$ 2, 700, 000
8-Additional funding required: US$ 20, 195, 000
9-Objectives: creating and supporting an environment for empowering grass root rangeland user
communities through appropriate technology development, training, sharing of best practices
across the sub-region and encouraging sustainable rangelands based entrepreneurship
10-Activities:
i) SADC rangeland management situation analysis and training and research needs
ii) rangelands research and technology development
iii) training of rangeland management change agents and grass root rangeland users
iv) project monitoring and evaluation
11-Expected outcome: SADC rangelands degradation to be combated
12-Stakeholders involved:
i) SADC grass root rangeland users,
ii) SADC rangeland extension agents, SADC
iii) SADC rangeland researchers.
12-Existing documentation (existing project formulation documents including those under
SRAPs and RAP to Combat Desertification in Africa ) SADC-ELMS background document,
2001, 2002.
13-Focal point/ contact institution: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe
56
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
Project Title: A Study To Quantify The Surface Water Resources Of Southern Africa (SADC)
Objectives:
1. To generate monthly time series of naturalized river-flow at the sub-catchment spatial
scale (100 to 250 km2), as well as at major river and basin scale
2. To develop and distribute databases of the generated river-flow and associated information
(spatial data, rainfall, evaporation, water use etc.)
3. To develop and distribute tools for accessing and applying the information contained
within the databases
4. To build capacity within the SADC water resources community to make use of the
developed information and tools
5. To improve inter- and intra-country, as well as international networking and to improve
the ability of SADC member states to develop water sharing programmes in a sustainable
and equitable manner
Activities:
1. Spatial data collection, processing and preparation
2. Rainfall-runoff model calibration and validation
3. Naturalization of the observed riverflows in calibration catchments
4. Generation of regionalized long-term rainfall time-series
5. Simulation of riverflows for all catchments
6. Database design for both time series and spatial data
7. Development of application tools
8. Training and capacity building on products
9. Networking
Expected outcome:
1. Database management software linked to a variety of data access, visualization and
modeling software tools
2. Consolidated and integrated databases of spatial and time series information to the
assessment of surface water resources in all SADC countries
3. Training sources and manuals on the use of the software, models and database
information
4. Improved capacity in the region related to processing primary hydrometeorological data,
analyzing spatial data, interpreting hydrometeorological data using rainfall-run-off and
associated water resources estimation models and the ability to make efficient and
informed decisions about water resource development options using the information and
tools generated by the long-term project.
57
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
Project Title: Protection and Strategic Uses of Ground Water Resources in the Transboundary
Limpopo Basin and Drought Prone Areas of the SADC Region
Objectives:
1. Development of regional information and decision support tools for integrated ground
water management in drought prone areas
2. Capacity building, institutional strengthening, including the formation of a regional
groundwater research institute/commission
3. Carryout a groundwater resources assessment with particular attention to the interaction
between groundwater and surface water, to better understand the functioning of the river
basin system as a unitary whole
4. Investigation, demonstration and promotion on the ground for optimal uses of
groundwater resources, engaging key stakeholders in a drought prone areas
Activities:
1. Develop Regional hydro-geological map, drought sensitivity and water scarcity mapping
2. Develop a monitoring network and regional groundwater drought monitoring system
3. Develop a Regional groundwater information system
4. Capacity building
5. Comprehensive analysis and assessment (river basin level) of the interaction between the
aquifer, the river system and terrestrial ecosystems dependent on groundwater.
6. Develop a management plan comprising institutional set-up, communities based
management of water supply systems, operation and maintenance structures, identification
and financing structures, regular ground water monitoring
7. Carry out a groundwater development programme in which various optimal options will
be selected and implemented. (sub-catchment pilot level)
Expected outcome:
1. Regional hydrogeological map
2. Regional drought sensitivity map identifying ecosystems sensitive for groundwater
abstractions
3. Regional SADC Water scarcity map identifying ecosystems at risk
4. Monitoring network designed and in place of some major transboundary ecosystems
aquifers
5. Operational regional groundwater information system developed.
6. Capacity built
7. Integrated drought vulnerability map identifying ecosystems at risk
8. Awareness raised on integrated and sustainable use of surface and groundwater resources
among key stakeholders in order to protect the ecosystem
9. Drought management plan developed by users group
58
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
Project Title: SADC Regional Project to Control Infestation and Translocation of Aquatic
Weeds
Objectives:
1. To test the effectiveness and sustainability of various methods of aquatic weed control and
eradication for the five major species of aquatic weeds in selected trans-boundary pilot
water bodies and provide the necessary technical and institutional means to adapt and
apply them in the different water bodies in the SADC region
2. Create an enabling environment at the national and regional levels to put in place
appropriate policy and legislative and enforcement mechanisms including adopting
innovative approaches to build and retain capacity in the technical and institutional
aspects of aquatic weed control and management
3. Assess the best mechanisms for community education and participation in prevention of
aquatic weed introductions and the control of existing infestations
Activities:
Preparatory phase:
1. At regional level, review and analyze the current status of aquatic weed infestations,
existing expertise, pertinent policy and institutional frameworks.
2. Develop a regional information and data base and make recommendations for a regional
strategy and protocol on the management of aquatic weeds
3. At river basin level, assess and finalize the selection of representative pilot sites, gather
pertinent information on these and solicit stakeholder participation
4. Develop the project proposal and documentation for phase I.
Phase I:
1.At regional level seek to harmonise regional policies, establish a regional
information and data base for long term monitoring, control and management.
2.At river basin level implement and test the most effective methods of aquatic weed
control at the selected pilot sites.
Expected outcomes
Preparatory Phase:
1. A comprehensive GEF Project Brief and associated project documentation meeting World
Bank requirements
• Phase I:
1. A SADC policy and strategy for the effective control of aquatic weeds.
2. A regional framework for information and date base for long-term monitoring, control
and management of aquatic weeds within SADC
3. Effective integrated aquatic weed control methods for each aquatic weed.
4. Documented lessons learnt and experiences shared within SADC
5. Strengthened technical and institutional capacities to deal with aquatic weed
infestations at regional, national and community level.
• Phase II and IV: Detailed plan and budget for next expansion phase
• Phase III: Effective integrated control of aquatic weeds at all major sites of infestation, by a
sub-regional institution. Improved capacity to deal with aquatic weed infestations
and to prevent translocation of weeds at community level
• Phase V: Environmental impact assessments on the potential impacts or all pertinent major
NEPAD infrastructure developments to avoid the introduction and translocation of
aquatic weeds. Effective control of aquatic weeds throughout SADC.
• Phase VI: Critical evaluation of SADC aquatic weed project and documented lessons learnt
and best practices.
59
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic Areas:
• Establishing the status of rural energy across the SADC Region.
• Establishment of Income generating activities in rural energy to mitigate poverty.
• Capacity building at two levels namely: Centres of excellence and Partners.
• Creating and influencing policies that are supportive to rural energy development.
• Networking on rural energy issues (Regionally, Sub-regionally and nationally).
• Awareness raising on sustainable rural energy issues.
• Training. Material development and empowerment of grassroots communities on the
importance of rural energy development in their lives
• Monitoring and evaluating progress of established and ongoing energy activities across the
SADC Region.
2-Project Title: Capacity Building for Community Development Support in Rural Energy
Development.
3-Duration: Three years
4-Planned Timetable:
5-Zone of Intervention (Sub-regional and Regional levels):
Sub-regional: SADC Sub region.
Regional levels:
SADC Countries including:
a) Eastern Region: Tanzania, Mauritius, and Seychelles, Mozambique.
b) Central Region: Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia.
c) Southern Region: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Swaziland, Zimbabwe,
6-Linkages to existing regional and/ or international frameworks (with possible synergies with
other multilateral agreements) e.g. UNCCD, UNCBD, RAMSAR, UNFCC, POPS, etc)
Regional Linkages: East African Energy Technology Development Network (EAETDN), One
World Africa, NETWISE, Tanzania Solar Energy Association (TASEA).
60
International Linkages: ENERGIA (Netherlands); SPARKNET (European Union); UNCCD;
UNEP; GEF – (lobal Environmental Foundation; ISES, ETC (Netherlands); SEI (Sweden);
SwedPower, BIOQUEST, University of Lund; University of Gutenberg; Chalmers University;
ESAMI; UNDP/GEF; University of Twenty, UE; GVEP; HIVOS; AREED; EU; E&Co; ESAMI;
ITDG- Kenya; ITDG – UK; EU; UE; ISES (International Solar Energy Association).
7-Total Estimated Cost: USD 1,595,122.
8-Existing level of funding: USD 195,742
9-Additional funding required: USD 1,399,380
10-Objective:
To build capacity of Communities within the SADC region in order to participate in the land
degradation and desertification control programme through rural energy development activities.
11-Activities
Main activity:
Strengthening and effectively operating the Centre for Sustainable Rural Energy
Development and National Partner Institutions.
• Allocation and recruitment of personnel to effectively operate and closely follow-up
implementation of programme activities and issues at the Centre and national partners
institution levels.
• Mobilisation of resources and preparation of awareness creation materials as regards to the rural
energy development programme in SADC Countries.
• Identification of National Partner Institutions in SADC Member states and prepare national
joint action plans with them on rural energy development .
Networking to support sustainable rural energy development for socio-economic
development and livelihood improvement of communities.
• Conducting a study to establish networking needs, networking training needs and sustainable
rural energy development technological gaps.
• Developing and maintaining energy and information database systems on sustainable rural
energy development.
• Setting up and updating a web page for SADC sustainable rural energy development issues and
distribution of information, education and communication materials on rural energy
development activities.
• Conducting workshops and developing training programmes, guidelines and formats as regards
to networking on rural energy development issues regionally and internationally.
Situational analysis
• Conducting a study based on SWOT analysis method to establish the status; prospects and
competences of sustainable rural energy technologies and energy resources in the SADC
member states
• Organise regional workshops to discuss study results, documents, the way forward and prepare
joint action plans at national levels.
Capacity Building among Partner Institutions regionally and Nationally
• Developing training programmes, manuals, methodologies, syllabuses and specific tailor made
training programmes on sustainable rural energy development.
• Conducting training of trainers’ course and regional workshops on application guidelines and
manuals in communities at national and regional levels.
61
•
Facilitate procurement and installation of networking facilities for national partner institutions
in SADC member states including website software, Internet connection, computers, etc.
Policy Support Development
• Conducting policy and legislation assessment study in SADC member states as regards to
sustainable rural energy development and facilitating advocacy for development of supportive
policies in rural energy development.
• Organise country workshops to create awareness on policies and legislation that are conducive
for the development of rural energy development.
Monitoring and Evaluation Systems
• Prepare formats and guidelines for monitoring and evaluating performance and impact of
sustainable rural energy development programmes in communities at all levels and carrying out
strategic field visits.
• Prepare progress reports and submit to SADC ELMS and SADC member states.
12-Expected Outcomes
• Institutional infrastructure for sustainable rural energy development programme in place.
• Networking to support sustainable rural energy development in SADC sub-region established.
• Status of sustainable rural energy development in SADC members’ states determined, analysed
and documented.
• Capacity and capability to develop and promote sustainable rural energy programmes in
communities in SADC member states strengthened and improved at different levels.
• Awareness on policies and legislation that are conducive to the development and promotion of
sustainable rural energy development programmes in communities will be raised to policy and
decision makers in SADC member states at all levels.
• Progress of rural energy activities and achievements will be closely monitored, co-ordinated,
measured and documented.
• Database on rural energy issues across the SADC region established.
13-Stakeholders Involved: Government; Sectoral Ministries and Institutions; NGO; Public;
Private Individuals/ Entrepreneurs; Public/ Communities; External Fanciers; SADC ELMS;
Sustainable Rural Energy Development Focal Institutions; Partner Institutions; SADC National
Focal Points for UNCCD.
14-Existing documentation (existing project formulation documents, reports from stakeholder
consultations, etc)
• Woodfuels uses with possible alternative energy sources in Ikwiriri and Mbunjumvuleni
villages – Rufiji District (2000).
• Renewable Energy development strategies for policy and decision makers (2000).
• Rural/ renewable energy review for policy input in Tanzania (200).
• Community participation on forest conservation programme: Prospects and problems (1999).
• Gender and poverty alleviation in Tanzania (1999).
• Tanzania Rural Energy Study (1998).
• Community Development initiatives for sustainable development.
15. Focal Point/Contact Institutions:
TaTEDO,
P.O. Box. 32794, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania:
Tel: 255222700438; 2551222700771
Fax: 255222774400;
E-mail: [email protected]
Website URL: www.tatedo.org
62
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thematic Area (1-10):
2-Project Title: Mobilizing Community Participation, Appropriate Technology and Indigenous
Knowledge for Implementing UNCCD in SA.
3-Duration: 3 years
4-Planned timetable:
Year 1 – Identify partners; set up office; develop a strategic plan, and financing strategy;
establish a database and website; appoint National Lead Agencies.
Year 2 – Situation analyses of CPATIK in member states; fundraising and cost recovery; action
research projects in CPATIK, capacity building in member states;
Year 3 - Publish training manuals and best practice case studies; training of trainers and
mentoring; evaluation; and development of new (three year) programme.
5-Zone of intervention ( Sub-regional and Regional levels): Sub-regional and Regional
Linkages to existing regional and/or international frameworks (with possible synergies with other
multilateral environmental agreements) e.g. UNCCD, UNCBD, RAMSAR, UNFCCC, POPS,
etc.
6-Total estimated cost: US$ 2,181,230
7-Existing level of funding: Contribution of Farmer Support Group US$ 63,730. Expected
contribution of member states/project partners US$ 1,062,000. Contributions are in cash, labour,
and/or facilities etc.
8-Additional funding required: US 1,055,500
9-Objectives: GOAL: Livelihood of smallholder farmers and other land users is improved
through community participation in the development of appropriate technology for sustainable
land management, based on indigenous knowledge and land use practices. PURPOSE: Member
states, through lead agencies, are able to build capacity in sustainable land management and
improved livelihood among smallholder farmers and other land users, especially women, the
poor and people affected by HIV/AIDS.
10-Activities:
• Promote networking and establish a living database to support community planning,
appropriate technology and indigenous knowledge (CPATIK) established.
• Establish institutional infrastructure for SADC’s CPATIK Programme.
• Ensure financial sustainability of the CPATIK Programme.
• Analyses of the state of the art in CPATIK in SADC member states.
• Initiate action research in CPATIK. (
• Build capacity in CPATIK among member states.
• Implement system for Information, Education and Communication in CPATIK for member
states.
• Enable CPATIK Centre and National Lead agencies to provide quality support services to
member states.
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11-Expected outcome(s): A reduction in land degradation and poverty in communities in SADC
member states. At least 10 organizations/institutions in each member state are engaged in
capacity building and action research in CPATIK. Work in CPATIK in member states is improved
through training and mentoring, and use of training manuals in CPATIK.
12-Stakeholders involved: SADC-ELMS, SADC-Hub, Member states, National Focal Points,
RIOD, other SADC Centres of Excellence, experts in CPATIK including PLAAS, EMG, The
Valley Trust, TaTEDO, Intermediate Technology Group, and Globe International.
13-Existing documentation (existing project formulation documents, reports from
stakeholder consultations, etc.): Detailed three year work plan and proceedings of expert
workshops are available at SADC-ELMS and SADC-Hub. Organizational profile available at the
Farmer Support Group.
14-Focal point/ contact institution:
Farmer Support Group,
Private Bag X01,
Scotssville 3209,
South Africa.
Tel +27 33 260 6275 / 8,
Faxs +27 33 260 6281,
E-mail [email protected],
Cell +27 83 3012936
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CILSS AND ECOWAS: CATEGORY 1 PROJECTS
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Titre: Mise en Valeur du fleuve Gambie
2-Durée: 10 ans
3-Date de demarrage: projet en cours
4-Coûts estimatifs: 1 832 000 $
5-Benéficiaires: Gambie – Guinée – Guinée Bissau – Sénégal.
6-Justification et réalisations
La création de l’Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du fleuve Gambie (OMVG) a été en réalité,
l’aboutissement d’un long processus de coopération sénégalo-gambienne pour la mise en valeur
du bassin du fleuve Gambie initié depuis 1965.
En février 1965, le premier accord de coopération pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Gambie fut
signé entre les gouvernements du Sénégal et de la Gambie.
Cet accord instituait un sous-comité chargé des questions du bassin du fleuve Gambie. En 1968,
les fonctions de ce sous comité furent transférées à un comité Inter-Etat ministériel.
En 1976, ce dernier fut remplacé par le comité de coordination pour la mise en valeur du fleuve
Gambie.
Les principales attributions du comité de coordination furent l’élaboration des textes de base
pour la création d’une institution permanente et la définition de son programme.
En 1978, l’OMVG a été créée formellement par la signature, par la Gambie et le Sénégal, de la
convention portant sur le statut du fleuve Gambie, déclarant d’intérêt régional le fleuve Gambie
et ses affluents, et celle portant création de l’Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du fleuve
Gambie, définissant ses attributions, compétences et modes de fonctionnement.
En 1981, la République de Guinée a adhéré à l’Organisation.
En 1983, la République de Guinée-Bissau est devenue le quatrième membre de l’Organisation.
L’adhésion de ces deux pays permettait d’envisager un aménagement intégré de l’ensemble du
bassin du fleuve Gambie et d’étendre la mission initiale de l’OMVG aux bassins de fleuves
Kayanga/Géba et Koliba/Corubal que la Guinée/Bissau partage respectivement avec le Sénégal et
la Guinée.
La superficie totale des trois bassins est de 118.000 km2 : 77.000 km2 pour la Gambie, 15.000
km2 pour le Kayanga/Géba et 26.000 km2 pour le Koliba/Corubal.
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Son programme comprend un programme initial et un programme minimum.
Le programme initial se réalise à travers la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie et du programme de
développement des bassins.
La maîtrise des ressources en eau, par l’édification d’infrastructures hydrauliques le long des
fleuves, en vue de pallier les effets conjugués de la sécheresse et du déficit pluviométrique
chronique observés dans la sous région et de satisfaire les besoins domestiques, agricoles et
industriels en eau et énergie, est adoptée comme stratégie.
Le programme minium, décidé en 1991, par les Chefs d’Etat et de gouvernement lors de leur 8e
conférence, comportait:
• L’étude du schéma directeur d’aménagement hydraulique du fleuve Gambie ;
• L’élaboration d’un plan directeur énergétique de l’ensemble des Etats membres à travers une
étude du marché énergétique de la sous-région et une réévaluation ou une étude des ouvrages
hydroélectriques principaux de l’organisation ;
• L’étude du schéma directeur d’aménagement et de développement intégré des bassins de
fleuves Kayanga / Géba et Koliba / Corubal ;
• L’étude d’actualisation d’un pont routier sur le fleuve Gambie.
7-Objectifs:
Le mandat de l’OMVG, selon l’article 1 de la Convention portant création de l’organisation, «est
de veiller à l’application de la Convention relative du statut du fleuve Gambie et d’assurer la
promotion et la coordination des études et des travaux de mise en valeur des ressources des
bassins des fleuves Gambie, Kayanga / Geba et Koliba / Corubal».
8- Activités et opérations prévues et perspectives:
• Une meilleure connaissance des ressources en eau ;
• la mobilisation du financement de ses activités constituent aujourd’hui les préoccupations
majeures de l’OMVG, en vue d’une part de la mise en œuvre des trois (3) projets
hydroagricoles et du programme de bassins fluviaux adopté lors de la 9e C.C.E.G. et, d’autre
part, de l’exécution des projets relatifs à l’intrusion saline,
• l’irrigation (22 projets) et la production énergétique.
9- Résultats:
• quantification des impact du barrage de Sambangalou, étude d’une crue artificielle et de la
possibilité de préserver une période de remontée du front salé ;
durée non précisée: Coût : 752.000 $ US.
•
Optimisation du réseau hydrologique et gestion prévisionnelle
durée: non précisée ; Coût : 630.000 $ US.
•
Projet de suivi du régime hydrologique de l’estuaire du fleuve Gambie;
durée: non précisée ; Coût :450.000 $ US.
10-Suivi Evaluation
Les structures suivntes seront chargées de son sui de mise en oeuvre:
• Conférence des Chefs d’Etat et de gouvernement;
• Conseil des Ministres;
• Secrétariat Exécutif;
• Commission permanente des eaux (e) comité consultatif.
11-Coût: 1 832 000 $
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PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Titre: Aménagement du fleuve Senégal
2-Durée: 20 ans
3-Date de démarrage: projet en cours
4-Coûts estimatifs: 3.000.000.000 $
5-Bénéficiaires: Mali, Mauritanie et Sénégal. L Guinée est invitée depuis octobre 1987 comme
membre observateur.
6-Justification et réalisations:
L’OMVS est l’aboutissement d’un long processus de coopération sous régionale. Créée en 1963,
sous l’appellation de «Comité Inter-Etat pour l’Aménagement du Bassin du fleuve Sénégal» elle
regroupait la Guinée, le Mali, la Mauritanie et le Sénégal. Elle devient Organisation des Etats
Riverains du fleuve Sénégal (OERS) en 1968 et prend son appellation actuelle en 1972 avec la
mise à l’écart de la Guinée que l’organisation invite depuis 1987, à rejoindre les membres
fondateurs.
Pour réaliser ses objectifs, les Hautes Instances de l’Institution ont adopté un programme à trois
(3) composantes:
• Irrigation de 375 000 ha (9.000 au Mali, 126.000 ha en RIM et 240.000 ha au Sénégal ;
• Navigation pérenne de Saint-Louis (Sénégal), à Ambidébi (Mali) sur une distance de 948 km
;
• Energie avec la construction de la Centrale Hydroélectrique de Manantali dont la production
est estimée à 800 GWH / an garantie 9 ans sur 10.
L’achèvement des travaux de constructions des barrages de Diama (en 1986) et de Manantali (en
1988) a ouvert la période de l ‘après-barrage qui a vu la création, le 05 janvier 1997) de deux (2)
sociétés de patrimoine: la société de gestion et d’exploitation du barrage de Diama (SOGED) et
la société de gestion de l’Energie de Manantali (SOGEM).
Parallèlement à cette évolution institutionnelle, l’OMVS a mené deux types d’activités: les
travaux et les études.
Les travaux: En plus des barrages de Diama (36 milliards F CFA), de Manantali (160 milliards F
CFA), et des endiguements en amont du barrage de Diama (endiguements rive droite long de 76
km et rive gauche pour coût total de 23 milliards) l’OMVS a entrepris la construction de la
Centrale hydroélectrique de Manantali (1998) et des lignes de transport d’énergie haute tension
et d’inter connexion aux réseaux nationaux dont la mise en service du premier groupe (ligne Est)
était prévu en avril 2001 et le cinquième groupe (ligne Ouest) en mars 2002. Sont également en
cours de réalisation le revêtement des routes de liaison au barrage ainsi que celui des
endiguements en amont de Rosso.
Les études. Sur l’ensemble des domaines de son ressort plusieurs études sont en cours de
réalisation ou prévues et dont les plus récentes sont:
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•
les ouvrages de production d’énergie au fil de l’eau (Félou, Gouina) ;
le Programme d’Atténuation et de Suivi des Impacts Environnementaux (PASIE) ;
la liaison DIAMA – ROSSO ;
le Projet de Navigation fluviale sur le fleuve Sénégal ;
l’ouvrage complémentaire de régulation d’eau sur certains endroits du lit ;
l’étude sur les affluents – défluents ;
le plan régional de développement hydroagricole ;
l’étude institutionnelle du système de pilotage du développement intégré du bassin du fleuve.
Si les deux premiers ont obtenu des financements toutes les autres sont en attente.
7-Objectifs:
Ils sont au nombre de quatre (4):
• Sécuriser et améliorer les revenus des habitants du bassin du fleuve et des zones avoisinantes;
• Assurer l’équilibre écologique dans le bassin et inciter à son maintien dans la zone
sahélienne;
• Rendre les économies des trois pays de l’OMVS, moins vulnérables face aux conditions
climatiques et aux facteurs extérieurs;
• Accélérer le développement économique des Etats membres par la promotion d’une
coopération régionale intensive.
Ces quatre objectifs traduisent les buts visés par l’organisation (article 1er de la convention du 11
mars 1972 portant création de l’OMVS):
• L’application de la convention du 11 mars 1972, relative au statut du fleuve Sénégal ;
• La promotion et la coordination des études et des travaux de mise en valeur des ressources du
bassin du fleuve Sénégal, sur les territoires nationaux des Etats membres ;
• Toute mission technique ou économique que les Etats membres voudront lui couper.
8-Activités et opération prévues et perspectives:
L’OMVS après le redimensionnement de ses unités opérationnelles (Haut- Commissariat.
SOGEM et SOGED) est face à un double défi:
• Réussir la phase de l’après-barrage grâce là la mise en œuvre d’une politique d’exploitation
des
eaux du fleuve et de l’énergie attendue de Manantali ;
• Conduire à bon port le programme d’Infrastructures de seconde génération qui réclame une
recherche dynamique de financement.
9-Résultats:
Pour les travaux de construction
• revêtement des routes de liaison (Diama – Rosso – Mahina / Manantali);
• endiguements en amont de Rosso.
Pour les études:
• liaison Diama / Rosso;
• projet Navigation fluviale sur le fleuve Sénégal;
• ouvrages complémentaires de régularisation d’eau, sur certains endroits du lit du fleuve;
• affluents / défluents ;
• plan régional de développement hydroagricole;
• étude institutionnelle du système de pilotage du développement intégré du Bassin du fleuve
Sénégal.
10-Suivi évaluation:
Les structures mises en plce seront chargées du suivi:
• Conférence des Chefs d’Etat et de gouvernement;
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Conseil des Ministres;
Haut Commissariat;
Société de gestion et d’Exploitation du Barrage de Diama (SOGED);
Société de gestion de l’Energie du Barrage de Manantali (SOGEM);
Commission permanente des eaux;
Comité Régional de planification;
Comité Consultatif
Conseils d’Administration.
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PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Titre: Le Programme Régional d’Aménagement Intégré du Massif du Fouta Djallon
(PRAI-MFD-Conakry)
2-Durée: 20 ans
3-Date de démarrage: activités déjà en cours
4-Coûts estimatifs: 2.000.000.000 $
5-Bénéficiaires: Bénin; Gambie; Guinée Conakry;Guinée-Bissau; Mali; Mauritanie; Niger;
Nigeria; Sénégal.
6-Contexte et justification et réalisations:
Le Massif du Fouta qui continue à se dégradé constitue le véritable château d’eau de la sous région
car le fleuve Niger qui y prend sa source traverse plusieurs pays de la sous région, demeure vital
pour leur survie à tous les niveaux. Voilà pourquoi le projet à vue le jour il a d cela plus de 20 ans
et nécessite qu’elle puisse continuer. Ainsi plusieurs réalisations ont été faites.
7-Activités et initiatives réalisées et en cours:
Le PRAI-MFD a été initié en 1979 par l’O.U.A. et formulé en 1981 avec l’appui de la
Communauté Internationale.
Après une première étape (1984-1987), consacrée à la collecte des données générales sur
l’environnement du Massif et une seconde (1988-1998) consacrée à l’expérimentation des
stratégies et des méthodes d’aménagement intégré des Bassins représentatifs pilotes (BRP) la
Guinée et l’ensemble des Etats africains qui tirent leurs ressources en eau à partir du Massif ont
acquis la conscience que le MFD ne concernait pas seulement la Guinée.
En effet, ses extensions physiques touchent les territoires de la Guinée Bissau, du Mali, du Sénégal
et de la Sierra-Léone.
Par ailleurs, il est drainé par un réseau dense de rivières et de fleuves (plus 8 000 sources) dont six
comptent parmi les plus importants fleuves partagés de la sous-région : Niger (9 pays), Sénégal (4
pays), Gambie (3 pays), Kaba (2 pays), Kolenté (2 pays), Koliba/corubal (3 pays).
Ces cours d’eau constituent l’essentiel des eaux internationales de la sous-région. Les observations
hydrologiques ont établi que plus de 70 % des eaux de ces fleuves viennent du MFD.
C’est cette caractéristique de «véritable château d’eau naturel» pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest qui
confère au MFD l’intérêt partagé et rend nécessaire la coopération pour sa protection et sa
sauvegarde, en vue d’institutionnaliser l’Observatoire de la Gestion du Développement Durable du
Massif du Fouta Djallon.
L’histoire de son évolution peut se résumer ainsi:
1980-1984
• Identification, évaluation, formulation et promotion du Projet régional d’aménagement intégré
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•
du Massif
du Fouta Djallon.
mission conjointe OUA / PUNUD-UNSO / FAO / UNESCO de reconnaissance du Massif du
Fouta Djallon et d’étude de diagnostic de sa situation en matière d’écodéveloppement (suivant
Termes de Référence définis par l’OUA / DOC. ESCAS / DND / 1 / 119-80) ;
analyse des résultats de l’étude diagnostic ; conception d’un programme régional à moyen et
long termes d’aménagement intégré du Massif du Fouta Djallon à réaliser par étapes
successives et formulation du Projet consacré à la 1ère Etape du Programme – le Projet UNSO
/ DES / RAF / 81 / 060 ;
financement conjoint du Projet par le PNUD, l’UNSO et le Gouvernement guinéen ;
mise en place, par le gouvernement guinéen, du cadre institutionnel national, en charge du
Programme Régional (le Comité Nationale de Coordination Technique et le Service de
Restauration). Mise en place, par l’OUA, du Bureau de Coordination International du
Programme (BCI / OUA – Conakry). Mobilisation par le PNUD / FAO du CTP du
Projet RAF / 81 / 060.
1984-1987
Mise en œuvre de la 1ère étape du programme Régional, appuyé par le projet RAF / 81 / 060 (PCD
– 37 / OUA / CSTR pour l’OUA) grâce auquel la FAO nomme et mobilise le Conseiller Technique
Principal du projet à la base opérationnelle à LABE.
Au cours de cette période, signalons:
• les résultats du projet RAF/81/060 sanctionnés par la CM/PRAI-MFD, institu • tionnalisée en mai 1987, avec la création et l’organisation du CCR/PRAI- MFD.
• l’adoption d’une plate-forme Commune d’Action (PCA) constituée de projets «verticaux» et de
projets «horizontaux» ; les projets verticaux concernent les actions d’aménagements intégrés
agro-sylvo-pastoral de Bassins Représentatifs Pilotes (BRP) financés et mis en œuvre par divers
partenaires aux développements de niveau national et régional, alors que les projets
«horizontaux» couvrent, chacun l’ensemble de la Région du Massif.
1988-1998
Mise en œuvre de la Deuxième Etape du PRAI – MFD.
• le Projet PNUD / FAO «Gui / 86 / 012» : BRP / Guétoya
• le Programme Régional GEE / Italie «Aménagement Intégré des Bassins Versants du Haut
Niger et de la Haute Gambie» :
• cartographie de 12 BRP ;
• aménagement de 4 BRP de la Haute Gambie ;
• aménagement de 2 BRP et d’une dizaine de Bassins Versants Types de Haut Niger ;
• aménagement des Parcs du Haut Niger et du Badiar.
• le Projet Guinée – FAC «GERF / Mamou» : BRP / Bafing Source et BRP / Balé ;
• le Projet Guinée – USAID «PGRN» : BRP / DISSA (Kindia), BRP / Diaforé (Tougué), BRP /
Koundou (Lélouma).
• quelques Projets «Horizontaux» font l’objet d’élaboration de dossiers bancables avec l’appui
des Institutions Spécialisées du Système des Nations Unies :
• Cartographie et Topographie du Massif du Fouta Djallon ;
• Hydrologie et Environnement Météorologique du MFD ;
• Centre de Documentation de Surveillance Continue de l’Environnement du MFD.
• La 2ème Etape du PRAI – MFD est achevée en 1999, sanctionnée par la 3ème Session de la
CM / PRAI – MFD (Bamako ; Juillet 1999).
1999:
• Le Programme Régional d’Aménagement des Bassins Versants du Haut Niger et de la Haute
Gambie se poursuit dans le cadre du Programme d’Appui à la Gestion Intégrée des Ressources
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•
Naturelles «AGIR» ;
Le PGRN se poursuit également avec l’assistance de l’USAID dans le cadre du Programme
Elargi de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles «PEGRN» ;
Relance du SRAI / MFD et du CNCT / PRAI / MFD par Arrêtés ministériels.
2000 – 2001:
• Phase transitoire du PRAI – MFD, consacrant le transfert de la tutelle rapprochée du
Programme de l’OUA à la CDEAO.
• Le Fonds pour l’Environnement Mondial (FEM) finance un Projet portant : «PDF – B / MFD»
avec les objectifs suivants :
• élaborer un Programme d’Action Stratégique pour la Gestion et le développement Durable du
Massif (PAS) ;
• revoir le Cadre Institutionnel et Législatif du Programme et Proposer un Statut Juridique
International du MFD ; une Convention cadre de Coopération des Etats Riverains des Fleuves
originaires du Massif ainsi qu’une restructuration du BCI – OUA avec les capacités d’assurer
la mise en œuvre et le suivi du PAS / MFD.
• Le Mécanisme Mondial pour la Convention de Lutte Contre la Désertification (MM / CCD)
pour sa part offre son Appui au Gouvernement Guinéen et au PRAI.
En 1976, ce dernier fut remplacé par le comité de coordination pour la mise en valeur du fleuve
Gambie.
Les principales attributions du comité de coordination furent l’élaboration des textes de base pour
la création d’une institution permanente et la définition de son programme.
8-Objectifs:
L’objectif principal est d’assurer la protection et l’utilisation rationnelle des ressources naturelles
du Massif du FOUTA Djallon et de contribuer à améliorer les conditions de vie des populations de
la région, ainsi que de celles des régions de l’Afrique de l’Ouest arrosées par les eaux originaires
du Massif;
Les objectifs spécifiques immédiats sont:
• mener des études intégrées des ressources naturelles (eaux, sols, végétation, faune) et humaines
en vue de la formulation d’une stratégie pour la protection, l’aménagement et le
développement des ressources naturelles dans le MFD ;
• définir les grandes lignes d’un programme d’aménagement des régions en commençant par des
bassins versants prioritaires ;
• contribuer à la vulgarisation des résultats acquis sur le terrain pour l’aménagement du Massif.
9-Activités et opérations prévues et perspectives:
Suite à la 3e Conférence Ministérielle tenue en Juillet 1999 à Bamako, et à l’organisation de
l’Atelier de «concertation entre les différents intervenants dans le Massif du Fouta Djallon» du 14
au 16 février 2001, il est attendu que la CEDEAO accepte de prendre en charge l’Unité Régionale
de Coordination du PRAI – MFD. Celle-là ne cache pas que son engagement sera en fonction des
résultats de l’étude sur les différents aspects qu’elle doit analyser et qui sont tels que signalés supra.
Si une décision positive sur la base des conclusions de cette étude, est prise par la CEDEAO, le
PRAI – MFD cessera enfin, pour le bonheur et la sécurité des populations de la sous-région,
d’apparaître comme une institution guinéenne.
Trois (3) actions principaux ont été proposées dans le cadre de mise en œuvre du PASR:
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La réalisation d’une étude visant l’élaboration d’un plan d’intervention basé sur une vision
globale, d’un statut confirmant le caractère régional du MFD et d’une Convention de
Coopération entre les Etats membres du Programme conformément aux recommandations de la
troisième session de la conférence ministérielle tenue à Bamako en juillet 1999 ;
La mise en place d’un programme de suivi hydro-écologique des bassins fluviaux transfrontaliers
du MFD ;
L’inventaire et la protection des zones fragiles notamment les têtes de source, les forêts galeries
et les lacs.
10-Résultats:
• élaboration d’un plan d’Action ;
• poursuivre l’exécution du PDF en vue de faire aboutir le processus d’ancrage de l’organe
permanent de coordination à la CEDEAO ;
• projet de cartographie par Bassin ;
• mise en place d’un programme de suivi hydro-écologique des bassins fluviaux transfrontaliers
du MFD ;
• inventaires et protections des zones fragiles, notamment les têtes de source, les forêts galerie et
les lacs.
11-Suivi-évaluation:
Elle se fera grace aux structures déjà mises en place à savoir:
• Conférence Ministérielle (CM/PRAI-MFD);
• Comité Consultatif Régional (C.C.R.);
• Bureau de Coordination Internationale de l’O.U.A. pour le programme (B.C.I/OUA);
• Mécanismes Nationaux de Coordination et de Suivi des Programmes (MMNCS/Etats
membres).
12-Coût:
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PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Titre: Projet d’aménagement du Bassin du Lac Tchad
2-Durée: 15 ans
3-Date de démarrage: Activité déjà en cours
4-Coûts: 1.000.000.000$
5-Bénéficiaires: les Communautés des pays du Niger, Nigeria, Cameroun et Tchad vivants autour
du Lac
6-Contexte et Justification et réalisation:
La Comission du Bassin du Lac Tchad (CBLT) a vu le jour à Fort-Lamy (actuelle Ndjaména) le 22
mai 1961 grâce aux efforts conjugués du Cameroun, du Niger, du Nigeria et du Tchad, autour des
problèmes d’aménagement et de développement d’un ensemble centré sur le lac Tchad, et appelé
ancien bassin conventionnel. Toutefois, les grandes étendues désertiques de l’Algérie, du Nord
Niger et du Soudan, ainsi que la partie amont des bassins actifs du Chari-logone et de la
Komadougou-yobé étaient hors Bassin.
Depuis 1994, la République Centre Afrique (RCA) est membre de la CBLT et le bassin
conventionnel s’est enrichi des bassins supérieurs des systèmes logone-chari et komadougou-yobé.
Ainsi le mandat de la CBLT s’exerce sur l’ensemble du bassin actif ou nouveau bassin
conventionnel qui couvre à présent 966.955 km2.
Quatre (4) étapes résument son évolution:
• de 1964 à 1980, élaboration du premier plan d’action de la CBLT, connu aussi sous le nom de
Plan d’Action 1981.
• la période de crise de 1981-1985 qui affaiblit considérablement la CBLT, conduisant le 5ème
sommet de Lagos à prendre les dispositions qui s’imposaient pour donner une nouvelle
impulsion à l’organisation (Plan d’action 1985).
• la période de 1985-1992, allant du Plan d’Action 1985 (une reformulation du Plan d’Action
1981) à l’adoption du Plan Directeur (Master Plan) en 1992.
• de 1992 à nos jours : élaboration du Plan d’Action Stratégique en 1998 (Strategic Action PlanSAP).
Ses missions sont articulées autour des points ci-après:
• élaborer des règlements généraux et assurer leur application effective ;
• examiner les projets préparés par les Etats membres ;
• recommander une planification, en vue de la réalisation des études et des travaux dans le bassin
du Lac Tchad ;
• maintenir la liaison entre les Etats membres ;
• promouvoir la coopération sous-régionale et coordonner les programmes régionaux ;
• planifier, mobiliser et suivre les projets nationaux ayant des implications régionales.
7-Objectifs:
Exploitation équitable des eaux du bassin du Lac Tchad, sans incidence défavorable sur le régime
du lac.
74
8-Activités et opérations prévues et perspectives:
Sur la base des missions qui lui sont assignées, la CBLT en accord avec ses Etats membres s’est
attelée à l’élaboration d’un Plan d’Action Stratégique (PAS) pour la gestion intégrée et durable des
eaux internationales du Bassin du Lac Tchad. Le PAS, prévu pour vingt (20) ans, a été approuvé
par le Conseil des Ministres de la CBLT, réuni les 15 et 16 juin 1998 à Ndjaména. Il a pour
objectifs:
• la gestion concertée de l’eau partagée ;
• la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau et des écosystèmes ;
• la gestion durable du Bassin centrée sur l’être humain.
Parallèlement au PAS à long terme, la CBLT, pour lutter contre la décroissance progressive globale
donnée depuis environ un siècle (25 000 km2 en 1870, 10 000 km2 en 1970, pour les périodes
humides ; 5 000 km2 en 1970, 1 500 km2 en 2000 pendant la période sécheresse), a élaboré un
programme d’action à cinq (5) ans comprenant quatre (4) programmes majeurs:
• le programme de développement durable du Lac Tchad et de son bassin qui intéresse tous les
cinq (5) Etats membres ;
• le programme du sous-bassin de la Komadougou-yobé qui intéresse le Niger et le Nigeria ;
• le programme du sous-bassin du Chari-logone-El Beid qui intéresse la RCA, le Cameroun, le
Tchad et le Nigeria ;
• le programme des projets nationaux ayant un intérêt régional et qui concerne les cinq (5) pays.
Les études diagnostics et les ateliers nationaux faits dans le cadre de l’élaboration du PAS ont
identifié les actions prioritaires suivantes, pour répondre aux menaces régionales:
• créer une dynamique de gestion partagée des ressources en eau, avec des mécanismes de
coopération et d’intégration, intra et inter pays, aux diverses échelles (national, sous-bassin et
bassin) ;
• mettre en place des réseaux viables de collecte d’informations de base pour mieux connaître et
suivre les ressources en eau, les écosystèmes et leurs exploitations ;
• mener des actions sectorielles de base pour la maîtrise de la demande en eau et pour lutter contre
la désertification et la perte de biodiversité ;
• assurer une prévention et un contrôle des contaminants et préserver les ressources halieutiques ;
• améliorer les modes d’exploitation des écosystèmes et protéger les plaines d’inondation en
relation avec l’aménagement du territoire ;
• lancer des études de préfaisabilité et d’impact de transfert d’eau intra et inter-bassin
9- Résultats
Dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du PAS, le programme régional de développement durable du
Lac Tchad et de son bassin, les projets ci-après ont été identifiés:
• Capacités institutionnelles et méthodologiques, et coopération internationale, renforcées
• Il s’agira de disposer d’une mobilisation internationale autour d’un cadre stratégique et de
méthode de travail solides susceptibles de permettre aux compétences nationales et régionales
de se former, tout en participant à la conception et au suivi, aux diverses échelles, des diverses
composantes de l’approche intégrée, durable et concertée par bassin.
• Meilleures connaissances des ressources en eau bassin et leurs utilisations
• Il s’agira de collecter et sauvegarder les données de base existantes, avant de lancer des études
approfondies sur le régime des pluies dans la région, sur les ressources en eau de surface et
souterraines, sur les besoins de formation de capacités de lancer une campagne de
réhabilitation générale et optimisée des réseaux d’observation.
• Disposer d’un ensemble d’action concrètes supervisées régionalement et réplicables
• Pour la protection du sous-système du Lac Tchad (création d’un parc aquatique international
dans le Lac Tchad, protection des habitats avec les communautés villageoises, protection des
75
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
zones du Nord du Lac contre l’avancée des dunes, mesures des termes de divers bilans du
lac…)
Pour des actions, concrètes et réplicables, sur des thèmes horizontaux – résultats attendus :
Action pour que les écosystèmes nécessaires aux activités de la pêche soient mieux connus,
gérés et protégés
Actions pour que les écosystèmes nécessaires aux activités de l’élevage soient mieux connus,
gérés et protégés,
les options de transferts intra et inter bassin sont pré-identifiées et pré-chiffrées,
Action pour que les sources de pollution soient identifiées et évaluées, et que les solutions soient
apportées,
Le cadre juridique est renforcé et harmonisé et les moyens nécessaires de police de l’eau et
l’alerte sont évalués, les modes d’utilisation des eauxsont évalués et un programme de gestion
de la demande est étudié et harmonisé
Action pour que les décideurs, cadres et population soient informées et formés aux techniques
améliorées pour la protection des ressources,
les capacités nationales sont développées pour la gestion de l’eau
10-Suivi Evaluation:
Les structures déjà mises en place par la commission serviront d’éléments pour le suivi évaluation
savoir:
Conférence des Chefs d’Etat et de Gouvernement.
• Conseil des Ministres ;
• Secrétariat Exécutif.
11-Coûts:
76
Madagascar: Priority Project
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
1-Thème: Lutte contre la désertification
2-Intitulé du projet: Aménagement intégré dans la région du Sud Sud-Ouest de Madagascar
(province de Toliara)
3-Durée prévue: 3 ans
4-Planning prévisionnel:
5-Zone d’intervention du projet : Région Sud- Ouest (Province de Toliara) faisant partie de la
sous- région Afrique Australe
La partie Sud- Ouest de Madagascar est classée parmi les zones les plus exposées à des risques
de désertification car elle présente un climat sec, des sols facilement érodables ainsi que des
couvertures végétales protégeant mal contre l’érosion éolienne la couche superficielle nutritive
du sol.
Le projet s’étend sur 7 communes (Beheloka, Ampanihy, Beahitse, Ejeda, Ankilizato, Androka,
Itampolo) circonscrites dans 2 sous-préfectures (Ampanihy, Betioky Atsimo) de la province de
Toliara. Ces communes sont caractérisées par un climat très aride, une faible pluviométrie
(inférieure à 600 mm / an), un réseau hydrographique temporaire, un taux de pauvreté avoisinant
les 80%, un sol très susceptible à l’érosion, une végétation naturelle à tendance xérophytique
dominée par des plantes épineuses ainsi qu’une savane herbeuse ne fournissant qu’un maigre
pâturage.
Trois (3) de ces communes (Beheloka, Itampolo, Androka) font partie de la zone littorale du
Sud-Ouest présentant un sol sablonneux susceptible d’évoluer en dunes vives. La commune de
Beheloka contient la Réserve Naturelle Intégrée de Tsimanampetsotsa et le lac du même nom
classé « zone de Ramsar ».
77
6- Liens avec les autres Plans/Programmes/Projets:
En cohérence avec les référentiels nationaux de développement tels que le Document Stratégique
pour la Réduction de la Pauvreté (DSRP), le Plan d’Action pour le Développement Rural
(PADR), le Plan d’Action Environnemental (PAE), la Stratégie Nationale de Gestion Durable des
Ressources Naturelles (CDB), le Plan d’Action National d’Adaptation-PANA (CCCC) et le Plan
d’Action National de Lutte Contre la Désertification (CCD), ce projet sera considéré comme
étant le projet prioritaire de lutte contre la désertification à Madagascar.
Le projet sera mis en œuvre en synergie avec d’autres Programmes / Projets intervenant dans la
zone (Programme Environnement, Fonds d’Intervention pour le Développement, Projet de
Soutien au Développement Rural,…).
7-Coût estimatif du projet: 10 000 000 dollars USse répartissant comme suit:
8-Financement disponible: néant
9-Fonds additionnel requis: 10 000 000 dollars US
10- But du projet: Le projet contribue à « améliorer l’état du capital productif des ressources
naturelles (sols, eau, forêts, biodiversité) pour permettre un développement durable maîtrisé par la
population ».
11- Activités prévues:
• Reboisement
• Aménagement des terrains de cultures et amélioration de la production agricole
• Amélioration du pâturage et du cheptel
• Sécurisation foncière
• Infrastructures socio-économiques
• Promotion des sources d’énergie respectueuses de l’environnement
• Fixation des dunes et installation de brise-vent
• Promotion sociale
• Activités spécifiques femmes
78
Project Submitted by INSAH CILSS, the host institution for
the thematic programme network (TPN2) on Agroforestry
and Soil Conservation
PROJECT FACT SHEETS
Desertification component of Environment Initiative of NEPAD
Titre du projet: Domestication, Transformation et Commercialisation des Arbres Fruitiers de
l’Agroforesterie pour une Alimentation, une Nutrition et des Revenus Améliorés des Paysans
Africains
Soumis par: NEPAD
Durée: 20 ans
Date de démarrage: Dés que possible
Coût estimatif: $ US
Bénéficiaires: Communautés rurales africaines (Ouest, Est, Nord, Centrale et Australe)
Ce projet est exécuté par les Organisations inter-gouvernementales africaines compétentes sous la
supervision du Comité Directeur du NEPAD, en association avec le Point Focal Institutionnel
(Institut du Sahel / Comité Inter Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse au Sahel – INSAH /CILSS),
du Programme d’Action Régional de Lutte contre LA Désertification en Afrique.
79
ANNEXES
ANNEX 1: CRITERIA FOR PROJECT SELECTION
a) Regional, sub-regional and multi-country projects or regional impact: Projects developed
and selected under the action plan should have a sub-regional or regional outlook or
involve several African countries;
b) Multi-focus: Projects should aim as far as possible at integrating the three pillars of
sustainable development;
c) Participatory nature: Projects should be developed through a participatory approach with
strong ownership with all partners including the government, the private sector, civil
society including NGOs and the scientific community;
d) Programmatic approach: Projects should be integrated in a comprehensive, programmatic
as far as possible strategic approach;
e) Sustainable development perspective: Projects should be designed taking into account the
need to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth;
f) Capacity building: Projects should integrate capacity development needs as part of their
planned activities;
g) Maximise utilisation of African expertise: Projects should aim at maximising the
utilisation of local experts and institutions;
h) High rate of replication: Projects should be designed to ensure replication and
dissemination of good practices and experiences;
i) Sustainability of activities: Projects should have activities whose benefits are sustainable
beyond the life cycle of the interventions;
j) Fundability: Only projects likely to attract adequate domestic funding and external support
shall be considered;
k) Promote sharing of experiences and learning: Projects should aim at promoting sharing of
experiences, enhancing regional cooperation and collective learning;
l) Performance criteria: Projects should contain clear objectives, performance indicators and
monitoring mechanisms;
m) Thematic balance: Balance between the thematic areas of the Action Plan should be
sought;
n) Geographic balance: Balance between the five Africa sub-regions should be sought based
on the United Nations geographical groupings;
o) Ensure gender mainstreaming in all projects.
80
81
ANNEX 2: PROJECTS SHORTLISTED BY THE
SUB-REGIONAL ORGANISATION OF AFRICA
82
83
Alg. Tunisie
Aménagement
intégré
zone
transfrontalière El
2 Oued - Hazoua
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Statut
Etat
de
maturité
Etats 103
Autres 103
5.46
18.2
1ère phase
(30%) (70%) Création emploi achevée
Amélioration é t u d e
de
conditions de faisabilité
30%
70%S vie
existante
Protection des
infrastructures
socio
–
économiques
Biodiversité/CC
Projet
démarré sur
1000 Développement financement
agricole
500 000 000
propre
C r é a t i o n d e Présenté au
richesse
GEF
Amélioration E t u d e
de
production
faisabilité
oasienne
existante
Gestion
des Gestion
Restauration Gestion Promotion Promotion S o u r c e s d e Impacts
des financement
ressources
rationnelle des d e s terres intégrée
Agriculture sources
n a t u r e l l e s e t parcours et des dégradées et des
reboisement et cultures
conservation ressources re
d’énergie
durable
reforestation
fourragères
des sols
en eau
en zone A
et SA
C e i n t u r e Verte
1 2ème Phase
X
N° Titre du Projet
Tableau Recapulatif Des Projects Presentes Par L’UMA
84
Mise en valeur du
périmètre Bordj el
Khadra , el Hango,
Ghdamesse
X
X
X
X
X
X
NB : Estimation besoins techniques et financiers :
- Technique : 2 consultants (agro-économiste + Forestier)
- Financement : 50.000 US$ (consultation + déplacement + atelier + publication)
Alg - Tunisien
Oued Meleg
6 Traitement bassin
versant fluvial
X
5 Gestion durable
des ressources agro
– pastorales du
Magrheb et de
l’Egypte
X
Algérie – Tunisie
Lybie
Exploitation
4 rationnelle des
nappes phréatiques
partagées
Tunisie – Algérie,
Lybie
3
X
X
30%
30%
30%
30%
Assurer
la
70% pérennité ;
Développement
de l’agriculture ;
Amélioration
des conditions
d e v i e des
populations et
des oasis
Augmentation
du cheptel par
l’amélioration
qualitative et
738000 quantitative des
parcours
70%
Création emploi
70% ;
Amélioration
conditions de
vie de la femme
FIDA et
pays
1ère phase
achevée
Etude
existante
Etude
de
faisabilité
achevée
Promouvoir
Etude
l’agriculture de préliminaire
70% rente ;
existante
Amélioration
conditions de
vie
des
populations des
3
pays
concernés
85
x
x
Maîtrise de l’eau de
ruissellement en zones
arides et semi-arides
(T c h a d ,
Nord
Cameroun et RCA
Transfert des eaux de
l’Oubangui au Lac
Tchad
3
Agri.
Durable
x
2
1
Pastoralis
me
Initiative internationale x
de gestion durable des
ressources naturelles du
bassin du Congo
Titre du projet
Dégradation
des terres
x
Tableau récapitulatif des projets présentés par la CEMAC
x
x
Energie
x
Eau
X
Faisabilité
réalisée
Idée de projet
BAD
BID
CENSAD
BADEA
Sit.
De
financement
Volet
BM
information
USA
environnemen France
tale en cours
UE
Statut
Veiller à ce que le
f in an cem en t d u
projet
couvre
effectivement les
aspects de la lutte
contre
la
désertification.
A formuler
Equipe de consultants
pour réactualiser le
document de projet
Coût estimatif : $US
50.000
Equipe de consultance
multidisciplinaire
Coût : $US 100.000
Assistance technique et
financiere
Formuler tous les Equipe de consultance
autres volets du pluridisciplinaire
projet
Coût : $US 100 000.000
France 20 %
Renforcement
USA 80 %
participation
américaine
annoncée lors du
Sommet mondial sur
le
développement
durable
de
Johannesburg.
Observations
86
Sustainable
management
of
Miombo
Eco-region
Initiative
Biodiversity
Conservation
Participatory
Development
4
5
OkavangoUpper
Zambezi
NRM
Limpopo
River Basin
2
3
KalahariNamib
1
Project Title
SADC –GROUP –
X
IWR
M
Pastoralis
m
X
X
Land
restor.
conservati
on
X
X
X
INRM
Reforestati
on
X
X
Sustainabl
e
agricultur
e
X
X
Alternati
ve
Energy
sources
Funding
situation
Remarks
For PP develop
Profile
PP to be & implement
developed
Current
biodiversity focus
SA/Swa/Moz/
PP developed – Community
PGTF & AU.
Participation
Implementation
Bots/Nam/SA
yet to sourced
Funds commit
New proposal
WB
based
on
ALWMI
Bots/Moz/SA/
Zim
For PP develop & Current WL &
Profile
PP to be implement.
tourism focus
developed
needs > CCD
component
Ang/Bot/Nam/
|Zim/ZZam
For PP develop & Appropriate
Profile
PP to be implement
dryland farming
developed
Mal/Moz/Tan/
Zim/Zam
of
Initial
consultation
Local
consultants
Initial PP
formulated
Status
project
87
Networking/
Information
sharing on
CCD
in
SADC
9
8
Capacity
building for
integrated
Rational
management
Aquatic
X
Weeds
X
X
X
Land
restor.
conservati
on
Pastoralis
m
Project Title
IWR
M
X
Beira Corridor
Development
Initiative
7
6
X
INRM
Reforestati
on
X
Sustainabl
e
agricultur
e
Alternati
ve
Energy
sources
of
PP
developed
Phase 1 done
PP
being
developed
with GEF
PP in place
Status
project
Remarks
Add Resources Being developed
needed
f o r by SADC WSCU
implementation
& WB
All SADC
Funds needed to Endorsed by CST
implement phase at COP 5
2
Translation cost?
All SADC
Funds needed for Involvement of
project
centers of Excell
implementation
All SADC.
Funding
situation
EU funded Develop PP on EIA focus
transport
INRM & EIA Moz/SA/Tan
project
aspects
88
Limpopo Ground
water
1
4
1
3
1
2
Stakeholder
capacity building
in CBNRM
Assessment of
surface
water
resources
Okacom WRM /
Every
River
projects
OLDER PARTICIPAT
1
1
1
0
Title
X
X
X
X
IWR
M
Pastoralis
m
Land
restora
Conservati
on
X
INRM
Sustainabl
e
Agricultur
e
Energy
PP accepted
&
implementati
on initiated
PP exists
PP exists
Idea
PP exists
Status
Remarks
GEF funded
Take into account
in development
of
Limpopo
Basin Initiative
Bot/SA/Moz/Zim
Funds needed to Need to develop
develop PP
this
All SADC
Funds needed for SADC WSCU
implementation
All SADC
Currently GEF & GEF Okacom
Sida funded
Ang/Bots/Nam
Funds needed for SADC WSCU
implementation
Funding
89
3
2
1
Environment
Education and
Training (EET)
within
IGAD
Member States
production
in
drylands of IGAD
through Human
Resources and
Gender Equity
Development for
semi
–
arid
agricultural
research
production in dry
lands of IGAD
through
the
management of
soil fertility and
water
use
efficiency
Project Title
IWRM
x
Mgt
range
lands
x
rehabilitatio imnr
n
o f Focus
degraded
forest
areas
x
x
X
Sustainable Energy
agriculture Resources
Formulation
completed
Formulation
completed
Formulation
completed
Status
None
None
None
Funding
Arrangements
90
8
7
6
5
4
ground water
resources in
IGAD Sub
region
mapping
of
surface
and
ground
water
resources in IGAD
Sub region
for community
based national
resource mgt in
the IGAD Region
programme
focusing
on
women in IGAD
Sub region
in integrated water
resources
management for
the IGAD sub –
region
livestock
marketing
infrastructure in
the Horn of Africa
Region
Project Title
x
x
IWRM
x
Mgt
range
lands
x
x
X
rehabilitatio imnr
n
o f Focus
degraded
forest
x
X
Sustainable Energy
agriculture Resources
Funding
Arrangements
In profile form
Formulation
completed
Formulation
completed
Formulation
completed
None
None
None
none
Profile (not yet None
formulated)
Status
91
5
4
3
2
1
x
x
x
x
x
4
1. Gestion intégrée des ressources en eau
2. Gestion rationnelle des parcours et des cultures fourragères
3. Restauration des terres dégradées et conservation des sols
4. Gestion des ressources naturelles, reboisement et reforestation
5. Promotion de l’agriculture durable en zones arides et semi-arides
Promotion sources des énergies renouvelables.
Domaines
L’observatoire (CILSS-UMA) de x
suivi de la désertification et des
catastrophes naturelles.
Aménagement intégré de la zone de x
Igeuzen-Tamanaset (Mali-Algérie)
Mise en valeur de la zone frontalière x
de Agadez (Algérie-Mali-Nige)
Approvisionnement de la zone en
Gor (Algérie-Niger-Mali
Titre du projet
Domaines
1
2
3
Recherche-développement dans le x
x
x
domaine de la LCD
Projets Inter-sous Regionaux CILSS-UMA
x
x
x
5
x
x
6
30 %
70 %
% 70 %
Etude
technique 30
existante
Algérie
Nouveau projet
100 %
Stade projet (fiche)
80 %
80 %
financement
Etude élaborée
20 %
Institutions de
recherche (CILSSUMA) choisies
Proposition nouvelle
20 %
-
Statut
L’OSS partenaire scientifique
et technique
Secteur privé impliqué
L’OSS partenaire scientifique
et technique
L’OSS partenaire scientifique
et technique
Observations
92
3
2
23
35
15
10
20
5
50
15
10
20
5
50
Déplacement
Atelier de validation
Total
Consultant
déplacement
Ateliers
publication
Total
Consultants
Déplacement
A teliers
publication
Total
Approvisionnement de la zone en Gor (Algérie-Niger-Mali 3 consultants
Mise en valeur de la zone frontalière de Agadez (Algérie- 3 consultants
Mali-Niger)
pastoralisme 1p/mois
Irrigation 1p/mois
Forestier 1p/mois
10
Consultant
Aménagement intégré de la zone de Igeuzen-Tamanaset2 consultants 2p/mois
(Mali-Algérie)
60
10
5
85
10
10
Désertification
Catastrophes
naturelles
Atelier/validation
Déplacement
Publication
Total
Atelier de validation 32
FINANCIERS
($US)
1 consultant/chercheur Consultant
0,5 p/mois
TECHNIQUES
L’observatoire (CILSS-UMA) de suivi de la désertification2 consultants
et des catastrophes naturelles.
BESOINS
PROJETS
Recherche-développement dans le domaine de la LCD
Besoins Techniques et Financie
rs Pour L’Elaboration des Etudes De Faisabilite CILSS-UMA
technique
Etude de faisabilité
Contribution
OSS
Contribution de l’OSS à
définir
Contribution de l’OSS à
définir
OBSERVATIONS
ANNEX 3: Project proposals
PROJECTS IN CATEGORY 1 BY THE ARAB MAGHREB UNION:
(i)
Green belt: Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in the Maghreb countries
(ii)
Management of watersheds of wadi Mellegue and M’ soun-Inaoune
(iii) Rehabilitation and development of the oases ecosystems
(iv) Implementation of a long-term ecological monitoring network
PROJECTS IN CATEGORY 1 BY CEMAC
(i)
Generation of information for awareness raising on bush fires in the CEMAC Region
(ii)
Water harvesting in arid and semi-arid zones (Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic)
(iii) Sub-regional programme for training of primary school teachers in combating desertifica
tion in the CEMAC Region
PROJECTS IN CATEGORY 1 BY IGAD:
(i)
Environment Education and Training in the IGAD sub region
(ii)
Capacity building in integrated water resources management in the IGAD sub-region
(iii) Household energy for poverty alleviation and women economic empowerment in IGAD
sub-region
(iv) Building capacity for community based natural resources management in IGAD sub-region
(v)
Rehabilitation and management of degraded rangelands
(vi) Promotion of sustainable crop production in Drylands of IGAD Sub-region: IGAD Human
resources and gender equity development for semi-arid agricultural research
PROJECTS IN CATEGORY 1 BY SADC:
(i)
Kalahari-Namib Project on Transboundary Desertification Control in Botswana, Namibia
and South Africa
(ii)
Demonstration Phase Activities of the Africa Land and Water Management Initiative in the
Limpopo River Basin in Southern Africa
(iii) Capacity building for integrated rangeland management in the SADC region
(iv) Assessment of Surface water resources of Southern Africa
(v)
Protection and Strategic Uses of Ground Water Resources in the Transboundary Limpopo
Basin and Drought Prone Areas of the SADC Region
(vi) SADC regional project to control infestation and translocation of Acquatic weeds
(vii) Capacity building support for community development in rural energy development
(viii) Mobilising community participation, appropriate technology and indigenous knowledge
for implementing CCD in Southern Africa
PROJECTS IN CATEGORY 1 BY CILSS AND ECOWAS:
(i)
Management of shared natural resources, diversification of livelihoods and strengthening
of trams boundary integration and combating of desertification: Pilot transboundary proj
ect for "L’Azaouoak" (Mali and Niger)
(ii)
Harmonisation of phytosanitary legislation and regulations
(iii) Integrated management of the Fouta Djallon Highlands
(iv) Integrated Management of the Lake Chad Basin
(v)
Integrated Management of the Senegal River Basin
(vi) Integrated Management of the Gambia River Basin
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ANNEX 4: World Desert Foundation Propasal
I. AU PLAN INTERNATIONAL
Assurer une connexion sur toutes les structures (universitaires, privees ou autres) ayant vocation a
s’occuper des zones desertiques afin de constituer un reseau d’echanges, ou la fondation pourrait
etre le terminal, le point focal et d’excellence pour l’Afrique (liaison entre l’Afrique et le reste du
monde).
Ce terminal sera domicilie a l’ Institut Deserts du monde de Ghardaia
II. AU PLAN AFRICAIN
2.1 – contribuer a federer les actions d’amenagement par le moyen de l’expertise, la cooperation
mutuelle afin de tirer les enseignants des politiques conduites par les Etats respectifs (points de
convergence, tendances lourdes)
2.2 – Apporter parallelement, un appui a ;a necessaire elaboration du bilan des intiatives privees
localisees, pour identifier les voies et moyens en matiere de valorisation des systemes
hydrauliques traditionnels et d’amengament et/ou de bonifcation des sols.
2.3 – Apporter enfin, un interet soutenu et particulier aux effets des politiques (etatiques d’une
part, privees d’autre part) sur les collectivites locales en matiere de retombees, economiques et
sociales, voire demographiques et culturelles.
Ce traval d’inventaire, qui devriat aboutir a une typologie des modes
contemporainsd’establissment humains, doit s’appuyer a court terme sur la documentation
disponible et a moyen terme (notamment en ce qui concerne les institutions innovantes privees
sur les recherehces a projeter et e encourager) sous forme de soutien materiel en direction tout
particulierment des jeunes doctorants ou de laboratoires existants (conventions de recherer sur des
bases programmatiques)
.
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ANNEX 5:
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
H. E. Minister Cherif Rahmani
Minister
Ministere de l’Amenagement du Territoire de l’Environnement
Algiers, Algeria
Mr. Djamel Echirk
GEF Operational Focal Point
Ministere de l’Amenagement du Territoire de l’Environnement
Inspection generale de L’Environnement
Algiers, Algeria
Fax: 213 21 561986
Email: [email protected]
Mr. Cornelius Kazoora
Director
Sustainable Development Centre
Senate Building Level 1 Office 4, P. O. Box 5463, Kampala
UGANDA
Tel: 256 41 531660, 256 41 531770
Fax 256 41 345847
Email: [email protected]
Dr. Prisca Mugabe
Lecturer
Department of Animal Science,
Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Zimbabwe
Tel: 263 4 303211.
Fax :
Email: [email protected]
Mr. Bary Harouna
01 BP 6498,
Ouagadougou 01,
Burkina Faso.
Tel: 226 43 0648,
Fax: 226-34 3779.
Email: [email protected]
S. E. Tanyi Mbianyor Clarkson Oben
Ministere de l’Environnement et des Forets
Yaounde
Cameroon
Tel :(237) 2229483/2226909
Fax No: (237) 2229489/229483
Mr . Justin Natchou Ngoko
GEF Operational Focal Point
C/o Ministere de l’Environnement et des Forets
95
Yaounde
Cameroon
Tel :(237) 2229483/2226909
Fax No: (237) 2229489/229483
Mr. Clement Semey
Director - Cameroon
C/o Ministere de l’Environnement et des Forets
Yaounde
Cameroon
Tel :(237) 2229483/2226909
Fax No: (237) 2229489/229483
Mr. Martin Nkolo
C/o Ministere de l’Environnement et des Forets
Yaounde
Cameroon
Tel :(237) 2229483/2226909
Fax No: (237) 2229489/229483
Mr. J. Brunon Oyono
C/o Ministere de l’Environnement et des Forets
Yaounde
Cameroon
Tel :(237) 2229483/2226909
Fax No: (237) 2229489/229483
Mr. Mouaki
Mr. Akle Moise
Cote D'Ivoire
Mr. Khalil Meraila
Participants from Host Country (Algeria)
Mr. Mohamed Ouari
Melle Souad Boutouili
Mr. Slimani Bredrani
Mr. Youcef Iklef
Mr. Ramdane Lahouati
Ms. Linda Hazem
Mr. Lyes Tighlit Nait
Mr. Rachid Benlounes Rachid
Mr. Amar Ferhati
Mr. Ahcene Ait Amara
Mr. Lounes Iftene
Mr. Laabid Ghemdani
Melle Nadia Chenouf
Mr. M'hamed Djaballah
Mr. Youcef Benaghoudjil
Mr. Mohamed Kasmi
-
PNUD/Algeria
PNUD/Algeria
MADR/Algeria
MADR/Algeria
DGF/Algeria
MAE/Algeria
MAE/Algeria
MRH/Algeria
MRH/Algeria
ANRH/Algeria
INCT/Algeria
MATE/Algeria
MATE/Algeria
MATE/Algeria
Fondation Deserts du Monde - MATE/Algeria
96
Mr. Ahmed Zerouk
Mr. Mohamed Si-Youcef
Mr. Abdelhafid Laouira
Mr. Tadjouni
-
Inspecteur General/MATE/Algeria
DGE/Algeria
MATE/Algeria
Banque Mondiale/Algeria
H. E. Mr. Imeh Okopido
Minister of State for Environment
7th, Floor, Federal Secretariat,
Shehu Shagari Way
P.M.B. 468, Garki
Abuja
Nigeria
Tel / Fax: + 234 9 5234931
Email : [email protected]
Dr. Timothy Olaleken Williams
Regional Representative (West Africa)
International Livestock Research Institute
PMB 5320
Ibadan,
Nigeria.
Tel: (234) 2 241 2626,
Fax (234) 2 241 2221.
Email: [email protected]
Ms. Bettina Horstmann
Coordinator
Africa Facilitation Unit
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
P.O. Box 260129,
Ilaus Carstanjen,
D-53153 Bonn
Germany
Tel: +49 228 815 2816
Fax: 49 228 815 2898/99
Email: [email protected]
Mr. Moise Aklé
Regional Coordination Unit for Africa
c/o AfDB
01 BP 1387 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
Tél (225) 20 20 53 65
E-mail : [email protected]
Mr. Ibrahim Diallo
Acting Director, Rural Development
African Union
P.O. Box 3243,
Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia
Tel: 251-1-517700
Fax: 251-1-517855 Email :
97
Mr. Muftah Unis
Secretary General
Organisation Africaine de Cartographie et de Teledetection (AOCRS)
BP 102, Hussein Dey,
16040 Alger,
Algeria.
Tel: +213-2123 1717,
Fax: +213 21 233339,
Email : [email protected], [email protected]
Mr. Mohamed Safar Zitoun
Organisation Africaine de Cartographie et de Teledetection (AOCRS)
Mr. Pierre Randah
Chef de Service Environnement
CEMAC
B.P. 969,
Bangui,
RCA,
Tel: (236) 504 418 ;
Fax: (236) 612 135.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Mr. Bertrand Zida
Chef de l’Unite d’Appui aus Stratefies et politique de Gestion des ressources Naturelles
CILSS
Tel: (226) 37 41 25;
Fax: (226) 37 41 32.
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Dr. Debalkew Berhe
Chief of Environment Protection Section
Intergovernmental Authority of Development (IGAD),
PO BOX 2635,
Djibouti,
Tel: (253) 354 050,
Fax: (253) 356 994,
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Prof. Paul Maro
Senior Technical Advisor
Environment Management Specialist,
Southern Africa Development Community (SADC),
Private Bag A 284,
Maseru 100,
Lesotho.
Tel: (266) 312 158,
Fax: (266) 310 190,
E-mail: [email protected]
98
Mr. Abdelasallam Kallala
Arab Maghreb Union
14, rue Zalagh,
Agdal, Rabat,
Morocco,
Tel: (212) 37 671280/671 285,
Fax: (212) 37 671 253,
Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Mr. Jotham Musiime
Acting Director
AU/IBAR
P.O. Box 30786,
Nairobi
Kenya
Tel: (254-2) 338544/215 519,
Fax: (254-2) 332 046/(254-2) 220 546.
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Mr. Youba Sokona
Secretaire Executive
ENDA – TM
Chargé des Relations Internationales,
Boîte Postale 3370,
Dakar,
Sénégal.
Tel: (221) 8 225 5983/ 822496,
Fax: (221) 8 21 7595,
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Mr. Ahmed Tayia
Representative from Egypt
Mr. Omar Askarn
Inspector General
Ministere Charges des Eaus et Forets
Rabat/Maroc
Email: [email protected]
Tel: 212 37 76 69 03
Fax: 212 37 76 64 32
Mr. J. Metsing
Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Environment
Box 52,
Maseru
Lesotho
TEL: (266) 311054
FAX: (266) 310194
Email :
99
Mr. Ahmed Djoghlaf
Director
UNEP/Division of GEF Coordination
P. O. Box 30552,
Nairobi
Kenya
Tel: 254-20-624165
Fax: 254-20-624041/42
Email: [email protected]
Mr. Mohamed Sessay
Programme Officer
UNEP/Division of GEF Coordination
P. O. Box 30552,
Nairobi
Kenya
Tel: 254-20-624294
Fax: 254-20-624041/42
Email: [email protected]
Ms. Anna Tengberg
Programme Officer
UNEP/Division of GEF Coordination
P. O. Box 30552,
Nairobi
Kenya
Tel: 254-20-624147
Fax: 254-20-624041/42
Email: [email protected]
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REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE MEDIA
Mr. Nekachetali
Melle Zetili Aicha
Assdous Chatrane
Melle Saadallah Ouahiba
Melle Amalou Fatiha
Melle Mounia Zergane
Melle Hounaci Naima
Mr. Kemache Fariza
Mr. Goutali Amine
Kezzoul Farida
Hadadj Djouhar
Rebah Mohamed
Karim Kali
Naima Haouch
Rebahi Mouloud
Timizar Abderahmane
Khalfaoui
Sabrina Deg
Gaid Salah
Bennoui Karima
Chd Zakouria Deriess
Ould Hamouda
Oulebrir
Amel Benmoussa
Larima Kali
Terkhache Naima
Mme El Kenz Nadia
Younami Karima
Mokadem Lotfi
Oumaima Ahmed
Nadir Kerri
Nabila Rezaik
Ouarda Aoufi
Rada Hamrouche
Ramdani
Saidi Massinissa
Lotfi Mokadem
Chitour Said
-
Horizon
El-Medjd
Radio El-Bahdja
El-Ahdeth
Le Maghreb
El-Eatan
ARD
La Presse Initiative
El Moudiahid
El Moudjahid
Actualite
Actualite
El Khabar
Canal Algerie
El Khabar
Le Jenune Independent
Chaine (1)
El Youm
-
La Nouvelle Republique
Chourouk El Yaoumi
Depeche de Kabylie
Intiative
El Djarida
El-Khabar
APS
APS
El Chaab
Radio El Bahdja
BBC Arabie, S
L'Authentique
El-Bilad
Khalifa Television
Le Matin
Chaine (1)
Chaine (II)
Radio El-Bahdja
BBC World Service
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