Implementation of EEWS to Istanbul natural gas network
Transcription
Implementation of EEWS to Istanbul natural gas network
Can ZULFIKAR, Ali PINAR, Erdal SAFAK and Mustafa ERDIK B.U. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI), Earthquake Engineering Department Çengelköy, İstanbul, Turkey (email: [email protected]) (http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh.htm) 1.Introduction Istanbul Earthquake Early Warning and Rapid Response System (IEEWRRS) has been deployed in 2002 by Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI). Currently, the system has 10 on land and 5 sea bottom strong motion Earthquake Early Warning (IEEWS) stations and 110 strong motion Earthquake Rapid Response (IERRS) stations with real-time data transmission capability. Although the system is under operation over 10 years, the interest of the industry to the system is very recently. In 2012, Istanbul Natural Gas Distribution Company (IGDAS) has started to a project of “IGDAS Earthquake Risk Reduction System” collaboration with KOERI. The main aim was to have a real-time risk reduction system for the whole natural gas network. 3. IGDAS (Istanbul Gas Distribution Co.), Earthquake Monitoring System IGDAS has deployed 110 strong motion stations at its district regulators in order to use them in automatic shut-off mechanism during an event in the case of exceedence of threshold levels of ground motion parameters. IGDAS (Istanbul Gas Distribution Co.) pipeline Network and its components IGDAS network includes 1,383km steel pipeline and 13,000km PE pipeline. The following sub-tasks have been carried out within the IGDAS Earthquake Risk Reduction System project: - Installation of 110 strong motion stations into the IGDAS district regulators, - Development of a real-time strong motion data processing algorithm for the strong motion stations, - Transmission of EEW information to IGDAS district regulators strong motion stations, - Development of shut-off algorithm for the IGDAS district regulators, - Development of the algorithm for the integrated near real-time ShakeMap for the IGDAS district regulators strong motion stations (110) and KOERI ERR stations (110). 2. Istanbul Earthquake Early Warning Response System (IEEWRRS) The network also contains 11 RMS stations, 693 district regulators, 487 valve rooms and 626,364 service boxes. The total number of user of IGDAS is over 4million. A total of 220 strong motion stations (110 KOERI + 110 IGDAS) are integrated for the rapid response purpose. System and Rapid Grid based damage calculations are done for the buildings where the service boxes are located. Damage calculation are also achieved for the straight pipelines, tees, bends, insulation joints and valve chambers . Istanbul Earthquake Early Warning System (IEEWS) consists of 10 on-land and 5 seabottom strong motion stations. ON LAND SEA BOTTOM Istanbul Eathquake Early Warning System Considering the complexity of fault rupture and the short fault distances, a simple and robust Early Warning algorithm, based on the exceedance of specific threshold time domain amplitude levels (band-pass filtered accelerations and the cumulative absolute velocity) named as CAV is implemented (Erdik et al, 2003). The data transmission between the remote stations and the base station at KOERI is provided both with satellite and fiber optic cable systems. The continuous on-line data from these stations is used to provide real time warning to the critical infrastructures for emerging potentially disastrous earthquakes before the damaging waves reach and activate the shut-off mechanism. The data transmission time from the remote stations to the KOERI data center is a few milliseconds through fiber optic lines and less than a second via satellites. Ground motion parameters of PGV (Peak Ground Velocity), PSV (Pseudo Spectral Velocity) and PGS (Peak Ground Strain) are used for the pipeline damage calculations. KOERI Strong Ground Motion Stations İGDAŞ Strong Ground Motion Stations The flowchart of pipeline damage estimation is given in the right panel: The Hazard information is provided by Real-time ELER. Scenario based Earthquakes Real Time Earthquakes Earthquake Hazard Earthquake Model Earthquake Model Building and Natural Gas Inventory Building & Infrastructure Inventory Building & Infrastructure Inventory Building Damage Spectral Displacement based Building Damage Spectral Displacement based Building Damage Building Damage & Damage Function based Infrastructure Damage Building Damage & Damage Function based Infrastructure Damage Building and Pipeline inventory are used for the damage calculations. Infrastructure Damage Istanbul Eathquake Rapid Response System Istanbul Eathquake Rapid Response System consists of 110 strong motion stations distributed to densely populated areas of Istanbul city in order to have a near real-time shakemap and damage assessment for the disaster management purpose. The real-time data transmission to data center is achieved with 3G communication system. The data transmission from site stations to KOERI and IGDAS data centers and between the data centers are shown in the left panel: ELER – Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine has been utilized for the real-time shakemap and loss estimation. The flow-chart of the ELER given below: LEVEL 0 Intensity Map (Point Source/Extended HAZARD Source based on (Shake-map) Seismotectonic Database + Observed GM values +Vs30 & INVENTORY BUILDING City Locations + Landscan Population Distribution DAMAGE N/A CASUALTY Regionally Adjusted Fatality vs Magnitude and/or EMS8 Relationships ECONOMIC LOSS PIPELINE DAMAGE N/A LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 Intensity Map (Point Source/Extended Source based on Seismotectonic Database + Observed GM values +Vs30 Ground Motion Map (Point Source/Extended Source based on Seismotectonic Database + Observed GM values +Vs30 Building Inventory (types And storey numbers) + Population Distribution Building Inventory (types And storey numbers) + Population Distribution EMS8 Intensity based Building Vulnerability with Uncertainities. Spectral Displacement based Building Vulnerability withUncertainities. Building Damage related Casualty Distribution Building Damage related Casualty Distribution Replacement cost and loss ratio related to damage states Replacement cost and loss ratio related to damage states Pipeline damage using PGV based on GMPEs The integration of KOERI RR stations data and IGDAS RR stations data is provided by the data transmission between the two data centers with fiber-optic communication. The real-time ShakeMap and building damage information is provided by ELER using the ground motion parameters data from IERRS stations. Subsequently, casulaty and economic loss are calculated based on the building damage. The building damage analysis are achieved in grid based using the emprical and analytical approaches. The seismotectonic database and soil information are used for the hazard analysis and building inventory data is used for the damage calculations. The real-time ShakeMap and building damage information is forwarded Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Governorship and 1st Army for the emergency response actions. Real Time Implementation SHUT-OFF REGIONAL REGULATORS İGDAŞ – Scada & Control Center İGDAŞ Stations (110) 15 Stations KOERI KOERI Stations (110 ) İGDAŞ Rapid Response Units (32) Preperation of Damage Maps in 15 – 20 secs. IGDAS Real-time Earthquake Early Warning Implementation follows 4 stages: 1) Real-time ground motion data transmitted from 110 IGDAS and 110 KOERI stations to the IGDAS Scada Center and KOERI. 2)During an event EW information is sent from IGDAS Scada Center to the IGDAS stations. 3)Automatic Shut-Off will be applied at IGDAS district regulators, and calculated parameters will be sent from stations to the IGDAS Scada Center and KOERI. 4)Integrated damage maps will be prepared immediately after the earthquake event.