Homestar™ v3 Technical Manual - New Zealand Green Building

Transcription

Homestar
™
Technical Manual
Version 3.1.0 (February 2016)
Homestar™ v3 Technical Manual
Thank you to the principal sponsor of Homestar v3:
© New Zealand Green Building Council (NZGBC)
Unauthorised use of Homestar™, including this manual, will violate copyright and other laws, and is
prohibited. All text, graphics, layout and other elements of content contained in Homestar and its rating
tools are protected by copyright, trade mark and other laws.
Contents
Contents
Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 3
1
2
3
4
5
The Homestar Technical Manual ..................................................................................................... 1
1.1
What is in the Homestar Technical Manual? .......................................................................... 1
1.2
Using the Homestar Technical Manual ................................................................................... 1
Introduction to Homestar ............................................................................................................... 2
2.1
Aims and Objectives of Homestar ........................................................................................... 2
2.2
How Homestar Rates ............................................................................................................... 2
2.3
Types of Homestar Assessments ............................................................................................. 2
2.4
Types of Homestar Professionals ............................................................................................ 4
The Homestar Process ..................................................................................................................... 5
3.1
Registration ............................................................................................................................. 5
3.2
Administration and Audit Fee ................................................................................................. 5
3.3
Assessment .............................................................................................................................. 5
3.4
Assessment Submission........................................................................................................... 7
3.5
Administration ......................................................................................................................... 7
3.6
Auditing ................................................................................................................................... 8
How Homestar Works ................................................................................................................... 10
4.1
Eligibility ................................................................................................................................ 10
4.2
The Homestar Scorecard and the Multi-Unit Summary ........................................................ 10
4.3
Understanding the Homestar Technical Manual .................................................................. 12
4.4
Categories .............................................................................................................................. 12
4.5
Weightings and Calibration ................................................................................................... 13
4.6
Star Bands .............................................................................................................................. 14
4.7
Mandatory Minimum Levels ................................................................................................. 15
4.8
Resource Adjustment Factor ................................................................................................. 16
4.9
Deeming Credits Not Applicable ........................................................................................... 18
4.10
Credit Interpretation Requests (CIRs) ................................................................................... 20
4.11
Technical Clarification (TC) .................................................................................................... 20
4.12
Project Inquiries (PIs) ............................................................................................................ 20
The Homestar Tool ........................................................................................................................ 22
Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 24
ENERGY, HEALTH AND COMFORT ......................................................................................................... 31
EHC-1 Space Heating ............................................................................................................................. 32
EHC-2 Hot Water................................................................................................................................... 38
EHC-3 Lighting ....................................................................................................................................... 44
EHC-4 Whiteware and Appliances ........................................................................................................ 49
EHC-5 Renewable Energy...................................................................................................................... 53
EHC-6 Whole House Thermal Performance.......................................................................................... 59
EHC-7 Moisture Control ........................................................................................................................ 81
EHC-8 Washing Line .............................................................................................................................. 88
EHC-9 Sound Insulation ........................................................................................................................ 90
EHC-10 Inclusive Design ........................................................................................................................ 96
EHC-11 Natural Lighting ...................................................................................................................... 100
WAT-1 Rainwater Harvesting.............................................................................................................. 105
WAT-2 Internal Potable Water Use .................................................................................................... 110
WAT-3 Greywater Reuse .................................................................................................................... 114
WST-1 Construction Waste Management .......................................................................................... 117
WST-2 Construction Waste Reduction ............................................................................................... 121
WST-3 Household Recycling Facility ................................................................................................... 124
WST-4 Composting Facilities............................................................................................................... 126
MAN-1 Unwanted Features ................................................................................................................ 129
MAN-2 Security ................................................................................................................................... 133
MAN-3 Home User Guide ................................................................................................................... 138
MAN-4 Responsible Contracting......................................................................................................... 142
MAT-1 Materials Selection ................................................................................................................. 146
MAT-2 VOCs & Toxic Materials ........................................................................................................... 151
STE-1 Stormwater Management ........................................................................................................ 155
STE-2 Native Ecology........................................................................................................................... 160
STE-3 On Site Food Production ........................................................................................................... 164
STE-4 Site Selection............................................................................................................................. 167
STE-5 Common Area Facilities ............................................................................................................ 170
INN Innovation .................................................................................................................................... 175
6
Governance and Quality ............................................................................................................. 177
6.1
BRANZ ................................................................................................................................. 177
6.2
New Zealand Green Building Council.................................................................................. 177
6.3
Beacon Pathway.................................................................................................................. 177
6.4
Homestar credibility ........................................................................................................... 178
6.5
Robust technical standards................................................................................................. 178
6.6
Updates and feedback ........................................................................................................ 178
6.7
Feedback on Homestar ....................................................................................................... 178
Contents
7
Authorisation and Disclaimer ...................................................................................................... 179
8
Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... 180
8.1
Version 3 update ................................................................................................................. 180
8.2
Original development .......................................................................................................... 180
Appendix 1........................................................................................................................................... 183
Appendix 2........................................................................................................................................... 186
Appendix 3........................................................................................................................................... 193
Appendix 4........................................................................................................................................... 196
Introduction
1 The Homestar Technical Manual
The Homestar Technical Manual is a process and technical guidance document which has been created to aid
Homestar Assessors when guiding new builds and major renovations, as well as when carrying out Homestar
Certified Ratings.
1.1 What is in the Homestar Technical Manual?
•
•
•
•
•
An introduction to Homestar.
Information about the star bands.
Process information about being a Homestar Practitioner and Assessor.
Guidance for carrying out a Homestar Design Rating and Built Assessment.
Background information about the environmental issues addressed by the tool.
1.2 Using the Homestar Technical Manual
The Homestar Technical Manual and the information detailed herein has been designed for, and is to be used
by, trained and accredited Homestar Practitioners and Assessors.
1
Introduction
2 Introduction to Homestar
Homestar is a comprehensive, national environmental rating tool that evaluates the environmental attributes
of New Zealand’s homes. Homestar allows owners and tenants to assess their dwelling, providing a scale that
creates value around warm, healthy, sustainable and efficient dwellings. Homestar rewards and recognises
improvements in both the dwelling’s comfort, as well as the likely impact that the dwelling has on the
environment.
The rating tool was developed by a Joint Venture between BRANZ, Beacon Pathway and the New Zealand
Green Building Council (NZGBC) for existing and new dwellings in New Zealand. It is now operated solely by the
NZGBC. Homestar is based on a number of successful international rating tools and the approaches they have
taken, however it has been developed for New Zealand’s specific conditions in consultation with a Technical
Advisory Group (TAG) made up of industry experts from across the building value chain. For further details on
the TAG please refer to the Acknowledgements section.
Version 3 of the Homestar tool and this manual are applicable to all types of residential dwellings including
detached houses, apartments and terraces. See Eligibility Criteria (Section 7.1.1) for more details.
2.1 Aims and Objectives of Homestar
The overarching objective of the Homestar rating tool is to improve the performance and reduce the
environmental impact of new and existing New Zealand dwellings, making them warm, healthy, comfortable
places to live.
To achieve this objective, the Homestar rating tool aims to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Establish a common language and standard of measurement for efficient, comfortable, healthy
dwellings;
Reduce the environmental impact of New Zealand dwellings;
Provide advice enabling the building and construction industry to produce targeted solutions that
deliver results for owners and tenants.
Create a value proposition for investment into the attributes that improve the performance of New
Zealand dwellings, by rewarding good design with a higher star rating.
Raise awareness of the benefits of sustainability for owners and tenants and the construction
industry;
2.2 How Homestar Rates
There are two types of Homestar assessments an informal online self-assessment and a formal certified rating.
An online tool is also available, which owners and tenants to gain an understanding of how their dwelling
might rate. A formal rating carried out by a Homestar Assessor shows exactly how the dwelling rates.
2.3 Types of Homestar Assessments
2.3.1 Online Tool (Homestar self-assessment tool)
An online tool is available allowing owners and tenants to gain a better understanding of their new or existing
dwelling and how it is likely to perform in terms of energy, health and comfort, water, waste and more. The
online tool takes approximately 20 minutes to go through and produces a short report indicating a provisional
Homestar rating on a 1 - 10 star scale. Most existing New Zealand dwellings achieve between 1 and 5 stars.
In addition to providing an indicative rating for the dwelling, the report includes a list of recommendations to
help owners and tenants understand how they can make improvements to their dwelling and move up to a
higher star rating. Each recommendation can be considered with respect to each of the following priorities:
•
•
Materials costs
Installation costs
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•
•
•
•
Introduction
Points potential
Health and comfort
Cost savings
Environment
At the end of the report the owner or tenant is offered the opportunity to independently contact solution
providers who can deliver these improvements.
2.3.2 Certified Tool
A Homestar Built Rating is an official confirmation of how well a home is, or will perform against the Homestar
criteria. The Certified Tool comprises of this Homestar Technical Manual and the Homestar Scorecard and
Homestar Calculator. There are two checkpoints in the progress of achieving a Homestar Built Rating however
these checkpoints are not compulsory.
Homestar Appraisal
A Homestar Appraisal occurs when a project is at concept phase. It is primarily a marketing opportunity for the
developer to confirm intention to achieve a Homestar Built Rating.
Homestar Design Rating
A Homestar Design Rating is a full assessment of a proposed dwelling based on detailed plans, specifications
and any other documentation required to fully describe the build. The documentation that is required for the
Design rating is specified in the technical manual.
A Design Rating is only a checkpoint on the path to a Homestar Built Rating and will expire after two years from
the date being issued.
Homestar Built Rating
A Homestar Built Rating involves a physical check of a completed dwelling by the Homestar Assessor. It can be
conducted on an existing property without a prior Homestar Appraisal or Homestar Design Rating.
If a Homestar Design Rating has been completed, the documentation may be used to streamline the
documentation process for a Homestar Built Rating.
This in-dwelling assessment and the resulting Built Rating, allows prospective buyers and tenants to
understand the likely level of performance for a given dwelling and easily compare it to other certified
dwellings.
2.3.3 Homestar online tool (Homestar self-assessment tool) versus Homestar certified
tool
Both the Homestar online and Homestar Certified Tool derive from the same framework and tackle the same
key issues. The Homestar online tool is a simplified version of the Homestar Certified Tool. The purpose of the
online tool is to indicate a preliminary Homestar Rating to owners and tenants and provide simple high level
advice. The online tool has been created with ease of use as a primary objective in order for it to be highly
accessible for owners and tenants. The Homestar Certified Tool has been created to be used by a qualified
Homestar Assessor to allow them to verify the attributes of a dwelling. As a result, the Homestar Certified Tool
is more detailed than the Homestar online tool.
Questions are asked within the Homestar online tool and these questions are designed to identify key
information about the dwelling, allowing a preliminary rating to be determined. Points are awarded (or not)
behind the scenes of the Homestar website depending on how the online questions are answered. The online
tool only gives an indication of how the home will rate and cannot be used for promotional purposes.
3
Introduction
2.4 Types of Homestar Professionals
2.4.1 Homestar Practitioner
A Homestar Practitioner can assist in the design or building of Homestar projects. They have access to this
Homestar Technical Manual and have a good understanding of the Homestar process and credits.
Homestar Practitioners are well placed to advise developers and building owners on design features, but are
not able to submit Design or Built Ratings to the NZGBC for audit.
2.4.2 Homestar Assessor
Homestar Assessors are independent professionals who are trained and accredited to perform Homestar
Certified Design and Built Ratings. The role of the Homestar Assessor is to use the Homestar Certified tool. To
qualify as Homestar Assessors they have to complete specific training, pass examinations and carry out
supervised ratings. Homestar Assessors are contracted to the NZGBC and carry out rating assessments
according to the Rules and Methodology specified by the Homestar Certified Tool.
The role of the Homestar Assessor is to use the Certified Tool and carry out assessments of dwellings against
the criteria in the Homestar Technical Manual, as well as to support owners in understanding how Homestar
works and its purpose.
4
The Homestar Process
Homestar™ Technical Manual Version 3
3 The Homestar Process
3.1 Registration
The first step in the Homestar process should be the registration of a project with the NZGBC. This allows the
NZGBC to become aware of the project’s existence and thus to provide help and guidance as required
throughout the lifecycle of the project.
To register a project with the NZGBC either the Homestar Assessor, or another person associated with the
project, needs to complete the Homestar Registration Form (downloadable from the Homestar downloads
section of the NZGBC website) and submit it via email to the NZGBC at [email protected].
3.2 Administration and Audit Fee
Registration with NZGBC prompts the commencement of an administration and audit process associated with
the project. For new buildings there is one fee for the appraisal, design and built rating. For existing projects
the fee only covers a built rating.
A number of factors influence the calculation of work associated with administering and auditing a project and
thus the cost of the audit and administration fee. These include:
•
•
•
•
Administration connected to a project is composed of a base level of work which is fixed for all
projects, and a variable level of work depending on number of dwellings, therefore the number of
dwellings in a project influences the amount of admin work as each dwelling receives an individual
rating
Audit work is only influenced by the number of typologies audited
For the purposes of audit work, a typology can be classified as the floor plan/area/layout assessed in
the worst orientation as a minimum
Typologies in better orientations could feasibly yield better Homestar ratings so if the project wants a
range of ratings rather than a minimum rating, additional typologies will need to be included.
There are nominal additional costs for a number of extras. These include the following:
•
•
•
•
Energy modeling
Innovation credits
Project Inquires (PI)
Credit interpretation requests (CIRs).
NZGBC’s pricing policy is on the NZGBC website and may be updated from time to time. For complete clarity, a
calculator is also provided for Homestar Assessors to calculate the administration and audit fee payable to
NZGBC. Two variables are necessary for the calculator: number of dwellings in a project and number of
typologies being submitted for audit (consider that the client may require not only the worst orientation of a
typology, but also the best orientation – discuss with the client prior to registration).
Once the NZGBC receives a completed registration form (including the number of dwellings requiring a
certification and the number of desired typologies for audit), an invoice is raised for the relevant
Administration and Audit fee. Once payment is received, a Homestar Registration Letter is issued with a
Homestar registration number. This document can be used in support of resource consent applications if
required. The turnaround time on the issuance of a Homestar Registration Letter and Number is two weeks
from the receipt of payment.
3.3 Assessment
Following registration, a project has a number of opportunities to submit documentation and market their
progress publicly. For new buildings there is one fee for the appraisal, design and built rating. Project teams do
5
not need to complete an appraisal or design rating but the fee associated with that project will not change.
For existing projects the fee only covers a built rating.
3.3.1 Appraisal (new builds only)
A project (new builds only) may choose to ask their Homestar Assessor to undertake a Homestar Appraisal on
their dwelling(s).
A Homestar Appraisal may only be submitted by a Homestar Assessor. To undertake an Appraisal the
Homestar Assessor must review the current drawing set and specification against the Homestar Credit Criteria
from the Technical Manual. Typically this drawing set would be about a Resource Consent level of detail. When
undertaking an Appraisal, the Homestar Assessor will determine whether or not the project’s design is ‘on
track’ to achieve a credit. If the project appears ‘on track’ for a credit, points are awarded for this credit in the
Appraisal.
When the Homestar Assessor has completed the Appraisal they must submit it (i.e. the Homestar Scorecard
and Homestar calculators), along with the drawing and specification set that they reviewed, to the NZGBC for
audit. The NZGBC must complete the check before the Appraisal results can be promoted.
The NZGBC turnaround time for Appraisal audit comments is two weeks from receipt of the submission.
3.3.2 Design Rating (new builds only)
A project (new builds only) may choose to ask their Homestar Assessor to undertake a Homestar Design Rating
on their dwelling(s).
A Homestar Design Rating may only be submitted by a Homestar Assessor. To undertake a Homestar Design
Rating the Homestar Assessor must review the Building Consent (or later) design drawings and specifications
against the Homestar Credit Criteria from the Technical Manual. The Homestar Assessor must use the guidance
in the Assessment tables for each credit and personally sight each piece of documentation that proves
compliance with the Credit Criteria before they can award points.
When the Homestar Assessor has completed the Design Rating they must submit it, along with all the audit
documentation, to the NZGBC for audit and ratification.
The NZGBC turnaround time for Design Rating audit comments is two weeks from receipt of the submission.
3.3.3 Built Rating
All projects must undertake a Built Rating. A Homestar Built Rating is an official confirmation of the dwellings
design and construction and provides a measured rating for both existing and new homes.
As with the previous assessment types a Homestar Built Rating may only be submitted by a Homestar Assessor.
To undertake a Homestar Built Rating the Homestar Assessor must review the physically complete property
against the Homestar Credit Criteria from the Technical Manual. The Homestar Assessor must use the guidance
in the Assessment tables for each credit and personally sight each piece of documentation that proves
compliance with the Credit Criteria before they can award points.
When the Homestar Assessor has completed the Built Rating they must submit it, along with all the audit
documentation, to the NZGBC for audit and ratification.
The NZGBC turnaround time for Built Rating audit comments is two weeks from receipt of the submission.
3.3.4 Built Rating Streamlining
Where projects have gained a Homestar Design rating, and also wish to achieve a Built rating, the submission
process has been streamlined to acknowledge the evidence already submitted for the Homestar Design rating.
This enables projects that have been awarded a Design rating to attain a Homestar Built rating more easily.
Currently, a lot of the documentation submitted at Built stage is identical or very similar to that submitted at
Design stage, so for credits where this is the case we will enable streamlining.
6
Under Built rating streamlining, if the design of the building (as assessed and audited in the Design rating
stage) has been constructed with no significant changes that would affect compliance with the credit criteria,
then Homestar Assessor can claim this credit is streamlining at Built Rating submission stage.
Here is a list of credits eligible for Homestar Built Rating streamlining:
EHC-3
Lighting
EHC-5
Renewable Energy
EHC-7
Moisture Control
EHC-8
Washing Line
EHC-9
Sound Insulation
EHC-11 Natural Lighting
WAT-1 Rainwater Harvesting
WST-3 Household Recycling Facility
WST-4 Composting Facilities
MAN-2 Security
STE-1
Stormwater Management
STE-4
Site Selection
STE-5
Outdoor Common Area Facilities
For credits which are claimed as streamlining credit, Homestar Assessor needs to indicate this in on the
scorecard and provide any relevant documents (e.g. photos) to demonstrate that credit is eligible for
streamlining.
If there have been significant changes that would affect the awarding of points, then it is necessary to submit
full Built Rating documentation as outlined in the Technical Manual. If there have been design changes that
affect the credits, which are deemed to be insignificant by the project team, please list these in the template
scorecard explaining the reason.
If any credits have had CIRs granted for the Design Rating of the project, then the credit is not eligible for Built
Streamlining and full Built Rating documentation as outlined in the Technical Manual should be submitted.
If the project team wishes to apply for any points or credits which were not awarded at the Design Rating
stage, full Built Rating documentation as outlined in the Technical Manual should be submitted for the relevant
credits
Projects that haven’t been awarded a Design Rating need to submit full Built Rating documentation to get
achieve a Homestar Built Rating.
3.4 Assessment Submission
When the assessment on a property has been completed the Homestar Assessor must collate all of the
required audit documentation into the Homestar Folder Filing Structure (www.nzgbc.org.nz) and submit this to
the NZGBC for audit. The Homestar Scorecard contains a self-populating audit documentation checklist that
will tabulate all of the information that is required to be submitted to the NZGBC based on what credits have
been awarded points during the assessment.
Please refer to Appendix 1 for further information on how to compile a good submission.
3.5 Administration
NZGBC maintains a database of all Homestar registrations, Design and Built ratings. Each project is tracked and
each dwelling receives a Homestar rating. The Homestar rating applies to the individual dwelling (be that a
standalone home, a terraced house or an apartment in a building). This individual Homestar rating is used to
demonstrate the dwelling’s position on the Homestar scale (1-10) and can be used for marketing purposes.
7
Homestar ratings are only uploaded onto the Homestar website public search facility when written permission
is supplied to NZGBC.
3.6 Auditing
The NZGBC needs to ensure each assessment has been completed accurately and in a manner consistent with
Homestar Assessor guidance provided within the Homestar Technical Manual. Consequently please be
prepared for all assessments to be audited by the NZGBC at all stages (appraisal, design and built). The general
principle applied to audit is that the Homestar Assessor takes responsibility for:
•
•
•
•
Ensuring all documentation is included
All documentation is up to date
The submission contains the relevant documentation (highlighted or indicated as appropriate)
Efficient filing structure to minimise audit time on the submission.
The role of the auditor is to check that documentation meets the requirements of the Homestar Technical
Manual. The general principles applied to audit are:
•
•
•
•
A complete submission has been supplied with accurate, relevant and precise information
Sufficient work is undertaken to ensure documentation meets Homestar Technical Manual
requirements
Confidentiality of process and handling is important
Consistency of process is applied throughout all audits.
Once submission documentation has been received, the turnaround time for the initial audit response is two
weeks. Should the submission be deemed insufficient or incomplete, the NZGBC will respond with questions.
Should a submission be deemed grossly insufficient, the auditor may completely reject the submission without
fully scrutinising all credits and request a fresh submission to be completed.
After a maximum of two rounds of review, the audit has been completed and the Homestar Assessor is
notified of the number of points awarded and a Homestar rating is issued.
3.6.1 Audit Results
Audit results will be provided to Assessors using the following system. There are two audit rounds allowed for
in the admin and audit fee. During these rounds the Homestar Auditor will provide responses in the following
format.
Confirmed
For the credit reviewed all required documents have been submitted and, based on these documents, points
have been awarded correctly.
Confirmed with Comments
For the credit reviewed the submission contained documentation or interpretation errors that do not affect
the points awarded in the credit, but need to be noted for future assessments.
Not Confirmed
Submission contains significant errors that affect the points awarded. The Assessor is to review the credit and
alter / award points accordingly.
If at the end of the second audit round if points still have not been confirmed a Homestar Assessor may apply
for a Charged Credit Review.
8
3.6.2 Rating Adjustment
If a submission contains a significant number of not confirmed credits a rating adjustment (i.e. change in star
rating) may be required. Should this occur this will be reported and recorded against the Assessor. Assessors
will be given the opportunity to appeal against the decision at their own cost.
When a Built rating requires a rating adjustment, the NZGBC may choose, or the Homestar Assessor may ask
the NZGBC, to undertake a physical visit to site to verify that measurements have been taken accurately and
consistently. In these instances the NZGBC reserves the right to invoice the Homestar Assessor for the costs
involved in completing the site visit. The Assessor will be informed of a site visit and will be given the
opportunity to attend.
9
The Homestar Tool
4 How Homestar Works
This section provides detailed technical guidance to Homestar Assessors to assist in understanding Homestar.
This section includes information on:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eligibility
Understanding the Homestar Technical Manual
Categories and credits
Weightings and calibration
Star bands
Mandatory minimum levels
Deeming credits not applicable to a dwelling
Credit Interpretation Requests (CIRs)
4.1 Eligibility
The Homestar tool (version 2 onwards) allows all types of dwellings to be rated.
To be assessed, a dwelling must be considered as being ‘self-contained’ with the following minimum
requirements:
•
One bathroom with toilet and shower or bath
•
One kitchen or kitchen area which must include an oven, a food preparation area and food storage
1
space.
The Homestar Scorecard and the Homestar Multi-Unit Summary
•
4.2 The Homestar Scorecard and the Multi-Unit Summary
4.2.1 Introduction
The Homestar scorecard enables assessors to conveniently record point awards for various credits, for auditors
to confirm/or deny those points and for both auditors and assessors to comment or respond to comments on
various credits. It is based on the existing audit template that auditors have been using, and the credit
summary in Homestar version 2. One scorecard should be done for each typology. The Homestar Multi-Unit
Summary is only used for multi-typology developments and act as a summary of all the points awarded across
all the typologies.
4.2.2 Homestar Scorecard
In order to reduce the amount of files that have to be created and submitted the Scorecard has been
integrated into the Homestar Calculator. While points for EHC-1, EHC-2, EHC-3, EHC-5, aspects of EHC-6, WAT1, MAT-1 and MAT-2 are to be calculated using the available calculator tabs and then entered into the
scorecard, points for other credits can be entered directly into the scorecard.
For each rating stage (Appraisal, Design and Built), points awarded and confirmed as well as comments are on
one page, similar to the current audit template. Thus the auditor can follow the progress of each stage of the
project. Each rating stage has its own page.
1
More information about minimum requirements for dwellings, including sizes of kitchen areas (Clause 7) and
bedrooms (Clause 8) can be found in the Housing Improvement Regulations 1947,
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1947/0200/latest/DLM3505.html
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The Homestar Tool
Unlike the credit summary in Homestar version 2, all values must be entered in manually, including points
calculated on the Homestar Calculator. This is to allow the same calculator file to be used across all stages and
audit rounds while ensuring that the points recorded for past auditing rounds do not automatically change.
While this is possible in Microsoft Excel, this version of the calculator is simplified to avoid the use of macros to
ensure reliability and cross-platform performance. The structure of the scorecard is described in the following
sections. Please refer to Appendix 4 for further information including screenshots.
Coversheet
This is where you can enter general project information, the nature and current stage of the project, as well as
the building foot print area, area of conditioned space, gross floor area and the number of bedrooms. It also
has some information on the use of the scorecards. Please refer to Appendix 4 for further information.
Assessor Worksheet
This sheet is for the assessor’s use, and can be modified as needed. It is not audited and can be used to write
down project assumptions, get feedback from clients, and make notes. It also acts as a summary of required
documentation.
Appraisal scorecard
This is to be used at the Appraisal stage. The assessor is to enter the points claimed in the grey column (Target
Points) in the appropriate cell. Where multiple path ways exist to achieving a credit and these have different
point structures or total points, a grey cell appears by the credit description which can be modified. Some cells
can hold any value (EHC-6), some can only hold certain values (EHC-4) and some only accept a simple Yes/No
answer.
In general, the grey cells can be modified by assessors and the lime green cells may be modified by the auditor
only. The auditor will award some or all of the points in the ‘Point Award’ column and then select ‘Yes’ in the
‘All Evidence Sighted’ Column once all required documentation is sighted and cleared. The auditor will then
write comments and these are highlighted using a traffic light system (Green: points confirmed, Amber: points
confirmed conditionally, Red: points declined).
The final point tally (both targeted and awarded by auditor) and the star rating can be seen at the bottom of
the scorecard. The auditor may wish to overwrite the RAF value shown here if they do not agree with the
calculated RAF (based on information entered by the assessor). You can also see the mandatory minimums
milestones which will help the auditor and assessor see if the mandatory minimums are being met.
Design scorecard
This is similar to the Appraisal scorecard but is intended to be used the design rating stage. Therefore it covers
two audit rounds and the assessor and auditor should take care to enter the points into the correct column.
The columns are labelled ‘R1’ or ‘R2’ for round 1 and round 2. If the auditor awards all of the claimed points
for a credit in round 1, they will also be awarded in the round 2 column, and only credits where not all the
targeted points were awarded need to be addressed in Round 2.
Built scorecard
This is similar to the Design scorecard, but differs in that it allows for built streamlining where applicable.
Credits where this is enabled will have a box under the ‘BSC’ column which should be marked with a ‘Y’ if
streamlining is to be claimed. Then once the auditor has seen evidence that is required for streamlining and
checked the ‘All Evidence Sighted’ cell, points awarded in the second round of design rating will be
automatically transferred.
4.2.3 Homestar Multi- Unit Summary
This is a summary that maybe used in multi-typology developments where the data from the individual
Homestar Scorecards can be entered in as a project wide summary. Only the final credit totals need to be
11
The Homestar Tool
entered and comments around if appliances or credit compliance documentation is identical across typologies.
This purely serves to help identify such situations for the auditor to help streamline the audit process for larger
projects. All values to be entered in manually including the DRAF, and DF.
4.3 Understanding the Homestar Technical Manual
Each section of the Technical Manual has a standard structure as follows:
4.3.1 Credits
Homestar covers six categories. Each of these categories contains a series of credits that are presented within
this manual.
Each Homestar credit is set out in a consistent manner and incorporates the following:
Credit Title
Provides the name of the credit.
Aim
Outlines the purpose of the credit.
Credit Criteria
Set out the benchmarks, or requirements, for this credit to achieve points. Also gives the maximum number of
points available.
Assessment
Gives instructions for assessing the credit.
Audit Documentation
Audit documentation is listed separately for both Design Rating and Built Rating.
Additional Guidance
Provides additional information to assist in assessing the credit as well as providing relevant definitions of
Homestar terminology used in the credit.
Background
Details the environmental issue the credit addresses along with the reasoning behind the approach taken to
tackle this issue within Homestar.
References and Further Information
Provides references to further information on the topic.
4.4 Categories
The Homestar tool is divided into six categories:
12
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Homestar Tool
Energy, health and comfort
Water
Waste
Home management
Materials
Site
These categories were chosen following a review of international and national rating tools and in discussions
with the Homestar Technical Advisory Group (TAG). These categories form the key foundations of Homestar,
meeting the aims and objectives outlined in Section 2.1.
4.4.1 Energy, health and comfort
The energy, health and comfort category rewards attributes that contribute to reduced energy use within the
dwelling, for example energy efficient lighting or energy rated white goods. This category also rewards
dwelling attributes that contribute to occupant thermal comfort, for example insulation, or bathroom
ventilation that removes dampness from the dwelling.
4.4.2 Water
The water category rewards dwelling attributes that contribute to reduced water consumption, e.g. low water
flow taps and toilets.
4.4.3 Waste
The waste category rewards dwelling attributes that provide the ability to readily recycle waste, as well as
rewarding construction practices that reduce waste going to landfill.
4.4.4 Home management
The Home management category rewards dwelling attributes that contribute to making a safe, secure and
adaptable dwelling.
4.4.5 Materials
The materials category rewards the use of responsibly sourced products and materials that have lower
environmental impacts over their lifetime. As well as interior finishes that minimise the detrimental impact on
occupant health from products that emit pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
4.4.6 Site
The site category rewards the attributes of the site such as effective stormwater management, the
contribution to local ecology, the ability to grow food on site and the location of the dwelling in relation to key
amenities.
4.5 Weightings and Calibration
The weight that the Homestar categories have been assigned (i.e. the number of points allocated to each
category) has been developed in consultation with the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) and in consideration of
national and international precedents set within other relevant frameworks. The weightings of similar
schemes, such as the UK’s Code for Sustainable Homes and the USA’s LEED for Homes, were considered as a
starting point for Homestar. The weightings have been fine tuned to reflect the New Zealand built
environment and the objectives of Homestar.
The Homestar online tool and Certified Tool have been developed with the same weightings. The number of
points available within each category and the percentage of total points that each category has within the
Homestar online tool and Homestar Certified Tool are shown in the following table.
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The Homestar Tool
Table 4.1: Comparison of Homestar online and certified tools
Homestar online tool
Category
Homestar certified tool
(Homestar self-assessment tool)
Points available
Percentage of
total
Energy
17.5
24.3
Health and Comfort
16.5
22.9
Water
15
Waste
Home Management
Points available
Percentage of total
50
50
20.8
15
15
3
4.2
8
8
12
16.7
6
6
12
12
Materials
Site
8
11.1
9
9
Total
72
100
100
100
5
5
Innovation
The above table demonstrates that there are less than 100 points available within the Homestar online tool
and therefore the points available within each category are weighted to bring the total up to 100. There is no
Materials category within the Homestar online tool.
The overall score achieved by a dwelling translates into a star rating. A summary of the ‘star bands’ is provided
in the section below.
The majority of Homestar questions/credits are optional. Therefore a dwelling can achieve points in any of the
categories above in order to achieve a star rating. However a number of key areas have mandatory minimum
levels that must be achieved in order to achieve a particular star rating. These mandatory minimum levels are
outlined in Section 4.7.
4.6 Star Bands
Homestar has been developed to enable both existing and newly built dwellings to undergo assessment.
Homestar categories address issues which are not covered in the current Building Code. As such the star bands
for Homestar have to cater for a variety of standards of dwelling and their environmental attributes. The star
bands have been calibrated so that:
•
•
A ‘typical’ house built to the current New Zealand Building Code requirements would achieve
between 3 and 4 stars, depending on the number of attributes rewarded within Homestar that are
not addressed by the New Zealand Building Code; and
A house with a very high level of comfort as well as world best practice in all of the six categories
assessed (e.g. substantial renewable energy generation and water management facilities, etc.) could
achieve 10 stars.
The point scores corresponding to each Homestar star rating are set out below:
Table 4.2: Homestar star bands and required scores
Rating
Required score
1 Star
0 – 19.9
2 Star
20 – 29.9
3 Star
30 – 39.9
4 Star
40 – 49.9
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The Homestar Tool
5 Star
50 – 59.9
6 Star
60 – 69.9
7 Star
70 – 79.9
8 Star
80 – 89.9
9 Star
90 – 94.9
10 Star
95 +
4.7 Mandatory Minimum Levels
There are some core issues within Homestar that are considered so important that a minimum performance
level needs to be achieved before progressing to a higher star rating is possible. These are referred to as
‘mandatory minimum levels’. If the assessed house fails to achieve these mandatory minimum levels, no
matter what the performance is in other areas of the tool, the minimum levels will limit the final star rating. In
this case the dwelling’s final star rating will be the highest rating where the mandatory minimum levels are all
met.
When considering renovations, if possible the owner or tenant should look to address these core issues first,
and then reassess the house once the changes have been made.
Mandatory minimum levels are in the Energy, Health and Comfort and Water categories and are in place at the
3, 5, 6, and 7 star bands. Apart from these mandatory minimums, Homestar is flexible – the owner or tenant
can choose which credit criteria to meet. Details of the minimum levels are in the following table.
Table 4.3: Homestar Mandatory Minimums
Level of achievement
Requirement
Outcome
To achieve 3 stars or above
In the Whole House Thermal credit the
dwelling must achieve at least 7.6 out of 15
points.
If this is not achieved a
maximum rating of 2 stars is
available.
The mandatory minimum for 3 stars must
be achieved.
available.
In the Moisture Control credit the dwelling
must achieve at least 3 out of 4.5 points
dwelling must achieve at least 10 out of 15
points.
The mandatory minimum for 3 and 5 stars
must be achieved.
In the Internal Potable Water Use credit the
dwelling must have dual flush toilets with a
maximum 6/3 L/flush) and showers must
have a flow of 9L/min or less.
The mandatory minimum for 3, 5 and 6
stars must be achieved.
dwelling must achieve at least 11.3 out of
15 points.
15
available.
available.
The Homestar Tool
4.8 Resource Adjustment Factor
A Resource Adjustment Factor (RAF) is embedded within Homestar. The RAF is made up of two components the Dwelling Resource Adjustment Factor (DRAF) and the Density Factor (DF). These factors are multiplied by
each other to determine the overall RAF. The final RAF is then multiplied by the total number of points
achieved for the dwelling from the six other categories to determine the final point score. The Homestar
Scorecard automatically applies the Resource Adjustment Factor to the dwelling’s final point score.
RAF = DRAF × DF
Dwelling Resource Adjustment Factor
It is generally recognised that large dwellings consume more resources than smaller dwellings over their
lifecycle. Data published by BRANZ shows that an average New Zealand house size has increased markedly
over the last two decades (by 65%), while the occupancy rate has dropped from 3.1 to 2.7 persons per house
over the same period. The DRAF seeks to account for these impacts in the final point score to encourage less
resource intensive designs. The allocation of the DRAF is dependent on the relationship between the house
size, measured using the area of Conditioned Space, and number of bedrooms. This DRAF has little impact on
the points achieved by an average sized dwelling; however it will reward smaller dwellings over average or
larger dwellings.
Table 4.4: Dwelling Resource Adjustment Factor
2
Conditioned Space (m ) Thresholds Based on Number of bedrooms
1 Bedroom
(m²)
2 Bedrooms
(m²)
3 Bedrooms
(m²)
4 Bedrooms
(m²)
5 Bedrooms
(m²)
6 + Bedrooms
(m²)
44
46
48
51
54
57
59
62
65
69
72
75
79
83
86
90
95
98
103
108
113
118
123
128
133
72
76
79
83
88
91
96
101
105
110
115
120
126
131
138
144
150
157
164
171
178
185
192
199
206
100
104
110
115
119
126
131
137
144
150
157
163
170
178
186
194
202
211
221
230
239
248
257
266
275
119
123
132
139
146
152
160
166
174
182
191
198
207
217
226
236
246
256
268
280
291
302
313
324
335
135
143
149
155
162
169
178
185
193
202
211
220
230
240
250
261
272
283
296
309
322
335
348
364
377
148
150
156
162
169
176
185
192
200
209
218
227
237
247
257
268
279
290
303
316
329
342
355
371
384
16
Dwelling
Resource
Adjustment
Factor
1.126
1.111
1.095
1.079
1.063
1.047
1.032
1.016
1.009
1.00
0.984
0.968
0.953
0.937
0.921
0.905
0.889
0.874
0.858
0.842
0.826
0.811
0.795
0.779
0.763
The Homestar Tool
2
Conditioned Space (m ) Thresholds Based on Number of bedrooms
1 Bedroom
(m²)
2 Bedrooms
(m²)
3 Bedrooms
(m²)
4 Bedrooms
(m²)
5 Bedrooms
(m²)
6 + Bedrooms
(m²)
138
143
148
153
158
163
168
173
213
220
227
234
241
248
255
262
284
293
302
311
320
329
338
347
346
357
368
379
390
401
412
423
388
401
414
425
438
451
462
475
395
408
421
432
445
458
469
482
Dwelling
Resource
Adjustment
Factor
0.747
0.732
0.716
0.700
0.684
0.668
0.653
0.637
This DRAF process was modelled on the USA’s LEED for Homes (2008) tool. The neutral dwelling sizes (i.e.
those houses which have a multiplier equal to 1 in the above Table) were established using a sample of midpriced New Zealand dwelling plans currently freely available on the internet. An average of these dwellings was
then taken and extrapolated for the largest sized houses. The DRAF is calculated by interpolations within the
Homestar calculator. The maximum DRAF is 1.126 corresponding to the smallest dwelling sizes listed on the
table. Dwellings any smaller will not be awarded a higher DRAF, as homes that are too small may be
uncomfortable and uncompliant with building regulations.
Density Factor
It is also generally recognised that denser urban living is preferable to urban sprawl. To account for this urban
living a Density Factor (DF) is calculated in the following manner.
The excel tool determines the ratio of the gross floor area to building footprint using the following formula and
then looks up the appropriate DF using Table 1.
Building GFA ÷ building footprint
Table 4.5: Land Use Factor
Ratio
DF
Gross floor area of dwelling : Building Footprint
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
0.969
0.975
0.981
.987
.994
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.006
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The Homestar Tool
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
1.013
1.019
1.025
1.032
1.038
1.044
1.050
1.057
1.063
1.069
1.076
1.082
1.088
1.095
1.101
1.107
1.113
1.120
1.126
The DF is then multiplied by the DRAF to determine the overall RAF.
The DF has been developed using the theory of ECO: 5 Building Footprint in the Code for Sustainable Homes.
The neutral point of the DF is equivalent to the interpolated neutral point of a ratio of 2:1 from the Code for
Sustainable Homes which awards 1 point for a ratio of 3:1 and 2 points for a ratio of 4:1.
4.9 Deeming Credits Not Applicable
Some entire credits, as well as some points within credits, are considered to be not applicable (NA) to some
dwellings in some circumstances. These circumstances arise when the attribute or issue addressed by a certain
credit, or point within a credit, is not present or relevant to the particular dwelling or site e.g. it is not
appropriate to consider dishwasher water efficiency when no dishwasher is present, or construction waste
when assessing an existing home.
Homestar redistributes points in one of the following three ways when a credit, or point within a credit, is
deemed to be NA:
1) Points are redistributed across the remaining points within the credit (effectively increasing the value
of the other points available within that credit);
2) Points are redistributed across the category in which the credit is located (effectively increasing the
value of the other points available within that category);
3) Points are redistributed across the whole Homestar certified tool (effectively increasing the value of
all other points).
When credits or points within credits are deemed NA the online and certified tool automatically redistributes
the points appropriately. This effectively tailors Homestar to the dwelling being assessed through placing more
‘weighting’ on those other attributes or issues that can be influenced.
The following table outlines the areas within Homestar that can be deemed NA and what happens to those
points.
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The Homestar Tool
Table 4.6: Points available to be deemed as 'not applicable'
Category
Credit
and
affected points
Not applicable criteria
Redistribution
methodology
Energy
EHC-4
Deemed Not Applicable for dwellings that
do not have a dishwasher.
Points
redistributed
across EHC-4
have been in existence for more than 2
years (before the date of assessment) and
have not undergone major refurbishment
within the past two years (before the date
of assessment).
Points
redistributed
across
the
whole
Homestar tool.
have been in existence for more than two
of assessment.
Points
redistributed
across
the
whole
Homestar tool.
within the past two years (from the date of
assessment).
Points
redistributed
across
the
whole
Homestar tool.
of assessment).
Points
redistributed
across
the
whole
Homestar tool.
of assessment).
Points
redistributed
across
the
whole
Homestar tool.
Deemed Not Applicable where a dishwasher
is not provided in the dwelling.
Points
redistributed
across WAT-2 credit.
Deemed Not Applicable where a clothes
washing machine is not provided in the
dwelling.
Points
redistributed
across the WAT-2 credit.
Whiteware
Appliances
Management
and
MAN-4
Responsible
Contracting
(2 points)
Waste
WST-1
Construction
Waste
Management
(3 points)
WST-2
Construction
Waste Reduction
(3 points)
Materials
MAT-1
Materials
Selection
(9 Points)
MAT-2
VOC’s and Toxic
Materials
(3 points)
Water
WAT-2
Potable Water:
Dishwasher
(0.5 points)
WAT-2
Potable Water:
Clothes washing
machine
(1.5 points)
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The Homestar Tool
4.10 Credit Interpretation Requests (CIRs)
It is likely that some dwellings will achieve the intent of certain credits in an alternative manner/approach to
that anticipated within the Homestar certified tool.
Homestar Assessors are able to submit CIRs when designing/advising on dwellings that are likely to target a
Homestar Rating. The Homestar Assessor may submit a CIR to the NZGBC if certainty is required that the
alternative approach is acceptable before deciding whether to target a Homestar Rating.
Homestar Assessors are also able to submit CIRs to the NZGBC if they conclude that the intent of a given credit
is met despite an alternative approach being taken.
Please refer to the Homestar website for a copy of the CIR form and details on the CIR process. The approval of
CIRs is at the discretion of the NZGBC and a nominal fee is charged (see Homestar Pricing Policy on NZGBC
website for details).
4.11 Technical Clarification (TC)
A Technical Clarification (TC) is a query or suggestion for a change to the Homestar Rating Tool or Manual that
would affect the whole of Homestar.
TCs will be reviewed by Homestar for either immediate approval or consideration during tool review and third
party expertise may be sought.
Credit Interpretation Requests (CIRs) may be converted into a TC at the discretion of the NZGBC.
4.12 Project Inquiries (PIs)
Project Inquiries (PIs) are only to be made by the Homestar Assessor or main contact of a registered project.
Each project receives 2 complimentary inquiries, after which a fee of $100 per inquiry will be charged. (see
Homestar Pricing Policy on NZGBC website for details).
Note that Project Inquiries can take up to two weeks to be processed.
The NZGBC may determine that a Project Inquiry is applicable to all projects, and release the proposed
response as a Technical Clarification (TC) if appropriate.
20
The Homestar Tool
The
Homestar
Tool
21
5 The Homestar Tool
Credit Summary Table
Ref. no.
Category / Title
Design and Built
Existing
(Performance)
Total Points
available
Total Points
available
6
7.5
4.5
5.6
Energy, Health and Comfort
EHC-1
Space Heating
EHC-2
Hot Water
EHC-3
Lighting
2
2.5
EHC-4
Whiteware and Appliances
2
2.5
EHC-5
Renewable Energy
8
10
EHC-6
Whole House Thermal Performance
15
18.8
EHC-7
Moisture Control
4.5
5.6
EHC-8
Washing Line
1
1.3
EHC-9
Sound Insulation
2
2.5
EHC-10
Inclusive Design
3
3.8
EHC-11
Natural Lighting
2
2.5
50
62.6
Total
Water
WAT-1
Rainwater Harvesting
6
7.5
WAT-2
Internal Potable Water Use
6
7.5
WAT-3
Grey Water Reuse
3
3.8
15
18.8
Total
Waste
WST-1
Construction Waste Management
3
-
WST-2
Construction Waste Reduction
3
-
WST-3
Household Recycling Facility
1
1.3
WST-4
Composting Facilities
1
2.6
8
3.8
Total
Management
MAN-1
Unwanted Features
-
-
MAN-2
Security
2
2.5
MAN-3
Home User Guide
2
2.5
MAN-4
Responsible Contracting
2
-
6
7.5
Total
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The Homestar Tool
Materials
MAT-1
Materials Selection
9
-
MAT-2
VOCs & Toxic Materials
3
-
12
-
2
2.5
Total
Site
STE-1
Storm Water Management
STE-2
Native Ecology
1.5
1.9
STE-3
On Site Food Production
1.5
1.9
STE-4
Site Selection
3
3.8
STE-5
Common Area Facilities
1
1.3
9
10.1
5
5
105
105
Total
Innovation
INN
Innovation
Total
23
Definitions
Acoustic ceiling tile
Any tile that has CAC > 30, NRC > 50.
ALF – Annual Loss Factor calculation
Adhesives and sealants
Are defined as any adhesive and sealant product used in an internal application (including both exposed and
concealed applications) and applied onsite (non-occupied areas included). This includes exterior-grade and
solvent-based sealants and adhesives, should they be used in internal applications.
Applied coating
Are defined as:
•
•
•
Any liquid applied finish including paints, varnish, stains and oils.
Any paint, varnish or protective coating used in an internal application (including both exposed and
concealed applications) and applied onsite (non-occupied areas included.
Any exterior-grade and solvent-based paints should they happen to be used in an interior application.
Bedrooms
Any room that is likely and could potentially be used as a bedroom should be counted as a bedroom. This
includes rooms not necessarily used as a bedroom but which could be and that are not part of the standard
2
configuration of kitchen, living, and dining room. The minimum requirements for a bedroom are:
•
•
Fully enclosed, i.e. not open plan or a study nook
2
At least 6 m
Ideally a bedroom should also include at least one opening window, however this is not a New Zealand
Building Code requirement and therefore for Homestar purposes a room does not require a window (either
fixed or opening) to be defined as a bedroom.
Building footprint
The Building Footprint is defined as the area of land that is taken up by the permanent foundations of the
dwelling (including any other outbuildings with permanent foundations that are associated with the dwelling),
within the external walls of the building. This is measured as the total net internal floor area of the ground
floor, excluding the area taken up by the external walls. In terraced houses, this also includes the area taken up
by party walls and separating walls to common areas, with the exception of party walls to adjoining buildings.
For staggered dwellings, the Building Footprint area equals the total net internal floor area of the floor with
the largest plate.
• Areas that normally count towards the Building Footprint include conservatories, garages, permanent
outhouses, fully enclosed permanent waste storage areas, communal garages or storage rooms and any
other permanent buildings used by the occupants.
• Areas that will NOT normally count towards the Building Footprint include hard landscaping, semi-enclosed
external spaces, pergolas and carports.
2
More information about minimum requirements for dwellings, including sizes of bedrooms (Clause 8) can be
found in the Housing Improvement Regulations 1947;
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1947/0200/latest/DLM3505.html
24
The Homestar Tool
• Garden sheds will not count unless they are built on a permanent solid foundation and are fitted out as
habitable space with heating, lighting and power.
• If a dwelling is raised above ground level on columns or other structures, the net internal ground floor area
must be measured from the lowest floor of the dwelling.
• Where other occupied spaces (e.g. non-domestic spaces such as retail and offices etc.) form the ground floor
or lower floors under a block of flats, the net internal ground floor area must be measured as the net internal
floor area of the lowest floor of the block of flats.
Green roofs cannot be deducted from the Building Footprint calculation.
Clothes washing machine
Is defined as an ‘appliance that washes textiles in water and extracts water’ for household or similar use.
Conditioned Space
Defined as a space that is within the thermal envelope of the dwelling, and could maintain a temperature band
of between 18-25 degrees Celsius for 365 days of the year. Corridors outside apartments are not included.
The intention is not to reflect the efficiency of only the installed heating capacity, but also the fact that
occupants may choose to operate other types of heating if there is no installed heating in a space.
For example, when calculating heating loads:
•
An apartment with a living room, kitchen, 2 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, and corridor, with a heat pump
installed in the living room would model heating throughout, including bathrooms, internal corridors, and
closets.
•
A house with a living room, family room, kitchen, 4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, corridor, and attached garage
with a heat pump installed in the living room and a heat pump installed in the family room, would model
heating throughout, including bathrooms, corridors, and closets, but not including the garage where the
garage is outside the thermal envelope.
The heating loads should then be attributed in EHC-1 to an AC unit where installed, and to electric resistance
where no fixed heating is installed.
To model cooling loads (if there is a cooling source installed) either:
•
Model cooling throughout, but report only the cooling load from the room with a heat pump installed (or
if more than one heat pump, the cooled room with the dominant
cooling load).
•
Model the cooled room with adiabatic internal walls, to prevent
load from other rooms being seen.
These methods about calculating cooling loads are used to bring the
results into alignment with what is calculated in EHC-6 using the ALF
method.
Where there is an open plan zone, the conditioned room is defined
by the surrounding walls as shown in the diagram.
Common electrical demand
The common electrical demand is defined as the total electrical energy required to support the residential
portion of the building. If a facility is included that is available for use by the general public as well as the
25
residents (i.e. a café) then its electrical demand may be excluded. If a facility is for the sole use of the residents
(i.e. a swimming pool or gym) then its electrical demand must be included.
Common area water demand
The common area water demand is defined as the total water demand required to support the residential
portion of the multi-unit dwelling building. If a facility is included that is available for use by the general public
as well as the residents (i.e. a café) then its water demand may be excluded. If a facility is for the sole use of
the residents (i.e. a swimming pool or gym) then its water demand must be included.
Daylight cut-off device
Is defined as a sensor which turns a lamp off once it has detected an appropriate amount of daylight is present
and the light is not needed.
Dishwasher
Is defined as a ‘machine which cleans, rinses, and dries’ dishes and cutlery and is intended for household or
similar use.
Drip Line
The drip line of a native shrub/tree is to be considered the edge of that specimen or the area of land located
directly under the outer circumference of a shrub/tree’s branches for the purposes of ascertaining the
percentage of site covered by native species appropriate to that site.
Effective catch
Is defined as a window catch which allows the window to be securely closed to prevent opening from outside.
Those windows required for passive ventilation should have security stays which allow the window to be
propped open for ventilation, but prevents the window from being pried open from the exterior. The security
stay does not necessarily require a locking mechanism, but must be designed in way that does not allow it to
be disabled from the exterior allowing an intruder to enter the dwelling.
Floor coverings
Are defined as but are not limited to, carpet (wool pile, wool-rich pile or synthetic), parquet, wooden planks,
laminate and linoleum.
Gross Floor Area (GFA)
Is defined as the sum of the internal measurements of each room including the thickness of the internal walls
AND the thickness of the external walls or part area of any inter-tenancy walls. This includes garages and
similar fully enclosed external spaces. For apartment buildings, this also includes corridors and other common
areas (but not lift shafts or stairwells), and is calculated across the whole building not a single dwelling (unlike
for standalone and terraced dwellings).
Greywater
Is defined as wastewater from baths, showers, hand basins and under some definitions laundries (but not
dishwashers). It does not include wastewater from toilets or kitchens that can contain oils, fats and other
wastes that support the growth of micro-organisms that may cause blockages in a greywater system.
Land area
Land area is defined as the area of the site that is not under the roof of the dwelling but includes the
immediate landscaped area around the house, up to an area equal to the tool roof area of the house. This
26
The Homestar Tool
includes lawns and driveways. For rural properties, pasture, orchards, vineyards and long narrow vehicle
access ways are not to be included in the calculations.
Laundry facilities
Is defined as a room that includes a clothes washing machine and a clothes washing basin where clothing may
be hand-washed.
Lavatory equipment
Is defined as consisting of a toilet pan, cistern, and/or flushing device.
Livable rooms
Are defined as rooms where a significant amount of time is spent within the dwelling, these would typically
include: bedrooms, lounge/living room or entertainment rooms. This would exclude washrooms, laundry
rooms, garages, kitchens etc.
Local renewable electricity generation
A ‘local’ renewable generation system is one which is either:
•
•
Fully contained within the legal boundary of the assessed site, OR
A community/neighbourhood based system which has been assessed by a qualified person(s) and
subsequently approved by Homestar.
Lumen
Is a measure of the power of light perceived by the human eye.
Main front and rear entrance
Is to be defined by the Assessor. It will generally be the main front door of the house and a rear door such as a
laundry. Entrances adjacent to living spaces such as lounge rooms and bedrooms will not generally be the main
entrance.
Major refurbishment
2
Is defined as a refurbishment that has added more than 30m to the net floor area or cost in excess of $30,000
for the total construction (including garages).
Mechanically ventilated
Is defined as where the dwelling’s primary course of ventilation throughout the floor area is provided by
powered equipment such as an HVAC system, or blower that incorporates ducting to provide fresh air to
various areas of the dwelling. This definition does not include small exhaust units that may be independently
used in a kitchen or bathroom, or small fans used for air circulation.
Noisy rooms
Are defined as entertainment rooms (audio/visual), music (audio or musical performance) rooms, and
children’s play rooms.
Open fire
Is defined as a standard coal or wood-fuelled open fireplace used for heating, or a fireplace that is not
necessarily used but the chimney has not been blocked off allowing draughts to enter the dwelling.
27
Outdoor uses of rainwater
May include garden watering and car washing, etc.
Perimeter length
Is the perimeter of the floor outline. For most houses this is the same length as the total length of the external
walls.
Previously developed
Previously developed land is defined as that which is or was occupied by a permanent structure (excluding
agricultural of forestry buildings), and associated fixed surface infrastructure (i.e. urban land uses such as
transport, utilities, residential and commerce and community services).
Quiet areas
Are defined as areas that are a minimum of 25 metres away from roads, driveways etc and which are a
minimum of 10m away from other sources of noise such as plant and equipment.
Recyclable waste
Is defined as but not limited to paper, plastic, glass and metals (i.e. tins and cans).
Shading
Is a measure of how much, as a percentage, solar heat gain enters through a window compared to an
unshaded window.
Suitable fixtures
Are defined as those which would allow the connection of a typical garden hose (e.g. tap) that could be used
for garden watering or car washing.
Suitable primary spaces
Suitable primary spaces are defined as any fixed external space that is dedicated to the drying of clothes (e.g. a
conventional T-line or rotary washing line). A fixed line is one that is permanent i.e. evidence of permanence
may be concrete footings or similar.
Suitable secondary spaces
Suitable secondary spaces are defined as any non-living space where it can be converted to dry washing as a
secondary purpose (e.g. drying rack outside of thermal envelope, lines hung in garage or similar). Non-living
spaces are limited to zones outside the thermal envelope of the house, such as garages and work sheds.
Tap equipment
Is defined as for use over a basin, ablution trough, kitchen sink, or laundry tub. Bath taps do not need to be
assessed.
Thermal envelope
Defined as the division between the outside (i.e. unconditioned and uninsulated) area of the house and the
inside (i.e. conditioned and usually insulated) area of the house.
28
The Homestar Tool
Typologies
Typologies are dwellings with similar size, layout and thermal properties. If a design is within the all of the
following tolerances then it can be grouped in an existing typology grouping:
Conditioned Space +/- 10%
Floor Area +/- 10%
Window Area on each orientation +/- 10%
Wall Area on each orientation +/- 10%
Ceiling area +/- 10%
RAF does not change
Unflued gas heater
Is defined as a heater in which gas fuel is burnt; air pollutants and water vapour are released directly into the
dwelling and not vented to the exterior via a chimney or flue.
Wall height
Internal height from floor to finished ceiling.
Wall length
Internal dimension of envelope boundary (i.e. external dimension or a whole side minus the thickness of the
two external walls).
WELS Product Classes
The product classes for fixtures/ fittings and appliances defined above are covered in the following standards:
•
•
•
AS/NZS 6400 (fixtures and fittings)
AS/NZS 2007 (dishwashers and appliances)
AS/NZS 2040 (washing machines).
29
Energy,
Health and
Comfort
30
ENERGY, HEALTH AND COMFORT
The carbon dioxide (CO2) emission factors used within the Energy category are as follows:
Fuel Type
kg CO2/kWh
g CO2/MJ
Electricity
0.18
47
LPG
0.22
61
LPG (unflued)
122*
Fuel wood
0.01
3
Natural gas
0.19
53
Natural gas (unflued)
106*
Oil
0.25
70
Coal
0.32
89
Geothermal
2
The CO2 factors were taken directly from the New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development
(NZBCSD) Emission Calculator web tool.
* The unflued emissions factors were determined by NZGBC and are based on their impact on human health –
specifically the combination of their effect on the human respiratory system (reducing the ability for redcorpuscles to transport oxygen in the blood) and the damage done from the extra humidity generated indoors.
It is an instrument to disincentivise people from specifying this form of space heater through the doubling of
the emissions factor.
The BRANZ HEEP study report (2006) showed that on average, across all fuel types, space heating is the largest
single end use for energy (34%), followed by hot water (29%), appliances (13%), refrigeration (10%), lighting
(8%) and cooking (6%). Energy credits in the Homestar Tool have been developed and allocated points on the
basis of this study.
31
EHC-1 Space Heating
EHC-1 Space Heating
Aim
To encourage and recognise lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emitting space heaters.
Credit Criteria
Up to six points are available for dwellings which have a very low ‘carbon dioxide emissions to space heating
2
load’ ratio (i.e. kg CO2 per kWh/m ).
Note: The Space Heating Calculator relies on results from EHC-6. Please complete EHC-6 calculations prior to
completing EHC-1.
Data Entry
Use EHC-1 tab, Energy Summary tab and scorecard.
Assessment
2
The Space Heating Calculator is used to estimate the kg CO2 per kWh/m from space heating and the number
of points awarded. The overall space heating-related CO2 emissions for a particular house are dependent on
the:
•
•
•
•
Fuel type used for space heating
Efficiency of the space heating appliance, and the distribution system used
Space heating requirements from EHC-6,
Human health impacts.
Pathways:
1. Thermal Modelling
Thermal analysis using the Homestar Energy Modelling Protocol (please refer to Appendix 2) can be used to
determine the kWh/year of the installed heating system. Enter the kWh/year of the installed heating system
by heat source into the EHC-1 “modelling” part of the table.
Input the kWh/yr used by each heating source (s) into the appropriate cell in the Space Heating calculator
2. Space Heating calculator
Review the plans and specifications or visually determine the fixed heating sources in the dwelling. Complete
the first part of the Space Heating Calculator by selecting one of the three approaches for space heating:
•
•
•
Non centrally heated dwellings
Centrally heated dwellings
Dwellings that do not require any space heating.
32
EHC-1 Space Heating
2A. Non-centrally Heated Dwellings
There are two different approaches that can be used to determine the carbon dioxide emissions to space
heating load’ ratio for non-centrally heated dwellings. This can be done via either (i) calculation or (ii)
modelling.
(i) Calculation
If the dwelling uses non central heating then using the plans and specifications to determine the main heater
types or systems (there is no limit to the number of heaters used), from:
o
Electric heat pump (air source or ground source)
o
LPG unflued
o
LPG flued
o
Open fire
o
Natural gas heater flued
o
Natural gas heater unflued
o
Oil burner (diesel)
o
Electric resistive/oil column/heat lamps
o
Solid fuel burner (pellet and wood fuel)
o
Solid fuel (coal)
o
Solid fuel (potbelly)
Divide the floor area of the dwelling into heating zones according to space heater type. In some cases, more
than one heater type will be used to heat a space. In these cases, enter the fixed (rather than portable) heater
type. Then calculate and record the percentage (by area) of the overall house heated by each heater type or
system. For all remaining areas not usually heated, but still within the thermal envelope, select the electric
resistive heater option.
It may be difficult to ascertain the thermal capacity (and resulting heated area) of the given heating appliance
being assessed. Thus, the following approach should be taken for this credit. In the case of non-centrally
heated spaces which have a large heater that heats more than the room/space it’s in (typically a wood burner
or large heat pump), only account for rooms/spaces which are:
-
situated a storey higher than the heater itself, AND have a clear air pathway for the heat to get
there (e.g. typically this would be a stairwell), OR
-
are attached to the room/space through a heat transfer system, OR
-
the adjoining hallway (i.e. the hallway space open to the room/space containing the heater can
be counted).
The Assessor must verify the ability of this large heater to heat more than the room/space that it is in by
reviewing the manufacturer’s data.
Where heat lamps are provided in bathrooms they are to be included in the electric resistive category.
2B. Centrally Heated Dwellings
If the dwelling uses central heating then use the Excel calculator to undertake the following:
•
•
•
STEP 1. Heater type
STEP 2. Manufacturer
STEP 3. Model
Please refer to the Additional Guidance section for more information about the options that are available for
selection at each of these steps.
33
EHC-1 Space Heating
3. Passive House
For dwellings which have achieved Passive House certification, 6 points are awarded in Homestar EHC-1
automatically. Please select “Dwelling Requires No Space Heating”.
4. Dwelling Requires No Space Heating
In cases where no space heating is required during the wintertime, appropriate evidence must be provided.
Three pathways of compliance are possible:
1.
2.
3.
Temperature logging during at least one of the three winter months (of June through August) in both
a living area AND a bedroom. The living area mean temperature of the aggregation of daily
o
temperature measures for that month from 5am – 11 pm must be at least 18 C. The bedroom mean
temperature of the aggregation of daily temperature measures for that month from 11pm – 7am
o
must be at least 18 C.
Thermal analysis (using HERS AccuRate or a similarly advanced hourly thermal simulation package) is
4
performed on the design . The living area and bedroom spaces must meet the temperature
requirements outlined in 1) above.
Thermal analysis using the Homestar Energy Modelling Protocol (please refer to Appendix 2). The
living area and bedroom spaces must meet the temperature requirements outlined in 1 above.
In the case, then the third option “The house does not require any heating” can be selected.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Non-centrally heated and centrally heated dwellings
Layout/floor plan (i) showing the fixed heating type(s) (ii) marked up to show areas/zones covered by each
heater type or system. (iii) thermal modelling report (where applicable)
Dwellings that do not require any space heating
Thermal analysis report.
Dwellings that are designed as Passive Houses
Extracts of “Overview” and “verification page” from PHPP energy modelling report showing that dwellings
have already met the design criteria of passive house.
Built Rating
Non-centrally heated and centrally heated dwellings
Photograph of the main heater types referenced to a floor plan.
Dimensioned layout/floor plan marked up to show areas/zones covered by each heater type or system.
Indicate presence of ducting for multi-room heating systems
Thermal modelling report (where applicable)
Dwellings that do not require any space heating
Temperature logging results or thermal analysis.
Passive house certificate. Or Extracts of “Overview” and “verification page” from PHPP energy modelling
report showing that dwellings have already met the design criteria of passive house (if not certified yet)
34
EHC-1 Space Heating
Additional Guidance
The Space Heating Calculator relies on results from EHC-6, so there is a sequence to follow in completing the
calculators.
Non-centrally Heated Dwellings
The various (point-source) space heating appliance efficiencies (in this case expressed as coefficient of
performances) are shown in Table ECH1.1 below.
2
Table ECH1.1: Typical space heater efficiencies (coefficient of performance), modified from UK’s SAP 2009.
Heater Type
Coefficient of performance
Electric heat pump (air or ground source)
LPG unflued
LPG gas flued
Open fire
Natural gas heater flued
Natural gas heater unflued
Oil burner (diesel)
Electric resistive/oil column (generic)
Solid fuel burner (pellet and wood fuel)
Solid fuel (coal)
Solid fuel (potbelly)
3
0.8
0.8
0.1
0.8
0.4
0.75
1
0.75
0.6
0.35
Emission Factor (main
heater)
2
kg CO2 per MJ/m
47
122
61
6
53
106
70
47
3
89
3
In instances where there is a gas line for a fixed heater that has been sealed or switched off, do not count this
heater type, as there is a definite step for which a plumber (or other trade professional) would be required in
order to put the appliance back into service. If a trade professional is not required, then it should be
considered operational and used by the occupants.
Open fires are to be sealed off professionally in order for them to be considered unused e.g. newspaper in the
chimney is not considered to be sufficient to deem the fire unused.
There is an adjustment factor to account for the thermal design effectiveness of the whole house. This means
that those houses with a high passive solar performance are not disadvantaged too severely by having a higher
CO2 emitting space heater, given that its space heating requirements will be minimal. It is the cubic equation:
FINAL Space Heater Score =
3
3
(Whole House Thermal Efficiency Score/15) x 6 + (1 - (Whole House Thermal Efficiency Score /15) ) x
Space Heater Efficiency Score
Centrally Heated Dwellings
When using the Space Heating Calculator the following table provides further guidance on the selections
available.
Table ECH1.2: Central heating systems
Heater Type
Manufacturer
Model
Electric Heat Pump Ducted Central
Heating
Generic
Generic
Electric Resistive Central Heating
Generic
Generic
LPG Boiler Central Heating
Generic (post 1997)
Condensing combi with auto ignition
35
EHC-1 Space Heating
Heater Type
Manufacturer
Model
Condensing combi with permanent pilot
light
Non-condensing combi with auto ignition
Regular condensing with auto ignition
Regular condensing with permanent pilot
light
Regular non-condensing with auto ignition
Regular non-condensing with permanent
pilot light
Generic (pre 1998)
Condensing
Condensing combi
High or unknown thermal capacity
Non-condensing combi
Natural Gas Boiler Central Heating
Generic (post 1997)
Condensing combi with auto ignition
Condensing combi with permanent pilot
light
Non-condensing combi with auto ignition
Regular condensing with auto ignition
Regular condensing with permanent pilot
light
Regular non-condensing with auto ignition
Regular non-condensing with permanent
pilot light
Generic (pre 1998)
Condensing
Condensing combi
High or unknown thermal capacity
Non-condensing combi
Oil Burner Central Heating
Generic
Combi (post 1997)
Combi (pre 1998)
Condensing
Condensing combi
Standard oil burner (1985-1997)
Standard oil burner (post 1997)
Standard oil burner (pre 1985)
Oil Range Cooker Boiler Central
Heating
Generic
Oil Range Cooker Boiler Central
Heating
Generic
Single burner
Twin burner non-condensing (post 1997)
Twin burner non-condensing (pre 1998)
Background
o
o
Household indoor air temperature should ideally be between about 18 C and 24 C, not dropping below 18°C.
New Zealand dwellings regularly fall outside this comfort zone, even when space heating is installed. The
36
EHC-1 Space Heating
World Health Organization recommends a minimum indoor temperature of 18°C, and ideally 21°C if babies or
elderly people live in the house.
The Space Heating Calculator is predominantly based on the CO2 emission factor figures (derived from the
heater type, appliance efficiency, fuel source and distribution mode) for space heating. The credit
4
determination is then factored though an algorithm sourced from EECA’s HERS tool . The CO2 emission
calculation is modified to account for heater types that impact negatively on human health.
It is recognised that unflued space heaters release large amounts of undesirable moisture, oxides of nitrogen
and carbon monoxide indoors, which is problematic, especially for occupants with respiratory issues. Open
fires promote drafts and release small particles into the air which are also undesirable. To address these
negative impacts, the emission factors are doubled for both of these heater types. Although this is recognised
as a simplistic response, a more rigorous approach has yet to be found/agreed upon.
1.
New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development (NZBCSD) Emission Calculator
http://www.nzbcsd.org.nz/emissions/content.asp?id=432
2.
The Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure for Energy Rating of Dwellings, UK, 2009
http://www.bre.co.uk/sap2009/page.jsp?id=1642
3.
Easton, Lois. ‘Beacon’s HSS High Standard of Sustainability®. 2008 Update of Benchmarks’. Report
HR2370/4 for Beacon Pathway Limited. 2009.
4.
HERS
www.eeca.govt.nz/
5.
Isaacs, N. et al. ‘Energy Use in New Zealand Households – report on the Year 10 Analysis for the
Household Energy End Use Project (HEEP)’. BRANZ Study Report SR 155. 2006.
6.
Passive House Institute
http://www.phinz.org.nz/
37
EHC-2 Hot Water
EHC-2 Hot Water
Aim
To encourage and recognise the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with hot water
production for the dwelling.
Credit Criteria
Up to four and a half points are available based on the efficiency of the hot water system compared with an
‘average’ system, as measured by CO2 emissions.
For multi-unit residential buildings with common hot water systems, please contact the NZGBC to discuss how
points can be awarded for this.
Data Entry
Use EHC-2 tab and scorecard.
Assessment
The Hot Water calculator is used to estimate the kg of CO2 emissions associated with water heating and the
number of points awarded.
Recognising that less than 10% of New Zealand dwellings have more than one hot water heating system, only
the main hot water system should be considered, i.e. the one connected to the most used shower. If there is
any solar hot water provision this should be included within the final step of the Hot Water Calculator.
The Hot Water calculator
Complete the Hot Water Calculator by gathering data either: from the plans and specifications or by visually
determining and measuring in accordance with the guidance below.
Section A: Hot Water Demand
Hot water climate zone of the house
Transferred automatically from the Energy Summary Tab
Number of bedrooms
Total conditioned floor area of the dwelling
High or low water pressure
If a hot water system has an old copper cylinder inside a galvanised cylinder it can be assumed to be low
pressure, which will typically have a header tank in the ceiling space or on the roof or a pressure limiting valve
on the cold feed into the cylinder.
Maximum shower flow rate, in litres per minute
Homestar assumes that the shower is the major hot water use in a dwelling – which is supported by BRANZ
findings. This information can either be determined from the plans and specifications of the dwelling or by
38
EHC-2 Hot Water
physical measurement. When reviewing the plans and specification you need to identify the shower make and
model number and then look up the L/min or WELS rating from a product data sheet or
www.waterrating .gov.au.
If you are physically measuring the flow rate then please use the following methodology. You will need a
bucket or similar with measuring lines and a stopwatch.
1.
2.
Turn the tap or shower mixer on to achieve a temperature suitable for showering then run the water into
a bucket for 15 seconds.
Measure how much water you have in the bucket, then multiply this figure by four to calculate the flow
rate per minute.
The poorest performing (i.e. highest flow rate) showerhead on the system that you are rating should be tested.
In the case of a multi-head shower with individually-controlled heads, the shower flow rate to be entered is
the flow rate of the fastest head plus half the sum of the other flow rates.
If the shower flow rate is unknown, enter "0" (zero).
Section B. Water Heater Type
Review the plans and specifications or visually determine the hot water system in the dwelling. Different hot
water heating sources will require different pieces of information to be gathered. These are detailed below.
Electricity – Heat Pump
Volume of cylinder in Litres (L)
Where is the cylinder located: Choose from either indoors / outdoors
Electricity – Instantaneous
None required
Electricity – Storage
Volume of cylinder in litres (L)
Location of cylinder: Choose from either indoors / outdoors
Gas – Instantaneous
What is the rated conversion efficiency?: This is the efficiency of the heater when heating cold water up to
usage temperature. The value should be quoted by the manufacturer. If the value is not known, the Hot
Water Calculator assumes a default value equal to the minimum efficiency permitted by NZS 4305.
What type of gas is used? Natural gas / LPG. If the system can take both natural gas and LPG and it is not
known which type of gas is specified or used, then you must select the worst performing option (i.e. whichever
option awards the lower number of points).
Gas – Storage
Conversion efficiency: This is the efficiency of the heater when heating a tank of cold water up to storage
temperature. The value should be quoted by the manufacturer. If the value is not known, the assessment tool
assumes a default value equal to the minimum efficiency permitted by NZS 4305.
Hot water combined with central heating: Yes/No
What type of gas is used? Natural gas / LPG. If the system can take both natural gas and LPG and it is not
known which type of gas is specified or used, then you must select the worst performing option (i.e. whichever
option awards the lower number of points).
Oil/Diesel
Volume of cylinder in litres in Litres (L)
39
EHC-2 Hot Water
Conversion efficiency: This is the efficiency of the heater when heating a tank of cold water up to storage
temperature. The value should be quoted by the manufacturer. If the value is not known, the assessment tool
assumes a default value equal to the minimum efficiency permitted by NZS 4305.
Hot water combined with central heating: Yes/No
Solid fuel (coal, wood or pellets)
Where is the cylinder located? Choose from either Indoors / Outdoors
Geothermal
What is the continuous wattage of the pump?
Section C. Solar Hot Water
Review the plans and specifications or visually determine if a solar hot water system is provided for the
dwelling. If not please select the ‘No’ option to complete the Hot Water calculator. If so then please select ‘yes’
and gather the following pieces of data to complete the rest of the calculator questions.
Is there a separate cylinder for the solar water heater? Yes / No
What is the area of the solar panel/collector in square metres?
What is the slope of the collector (approximate angle in degrees)?
In which direction does the collector face? Choose from 90°(E) / 60° / 30° / 360°(N) / 330° / 300° / 270° (W)
What type of collector is used? Choose from Plate / Evacuated tube
What type of circulation is used? Choose from Thermosiphon / Pump Circulation
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Section A
Drawing of the dwelling showing (i) the number of bedrooms (ii) the total floor area (iii) type of water heating.
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing (i) pressure of the water system (high or low water) (ii) Shower make and
model number.
Screen shot or product brochure showing WELS rating
Appropriate documentation as per below:
Section B
Electricity – Heat Pump
Manufacturer’s details about the cylinder.
40
EHC-2 Hot Water
Manufacturer’s details about the cylinder.
Manufacturer’s details about the boiler showing (i) efficiency rating and (ii) gas types used.
Gas – Storage
Manufacturers details about the cylinder showing the (i) efficiency and (ii) gas types used
Oil / Diesel
Manufacturer’s details about the boiler showing (i) efficiency rating
Manufacturer’s details about the Cylinder.
Manufacturer’s details about the Cylinder.
Geothermal
Manufacturer’s details about the system.
Section C
Solar Hot Water
Manufacturer’s details about the system
For multi-unit residential buildings with common hot water systems
Contact NZGBC
Built Rating
Section A
Plan of the dwelling showing (i) the number of bedrooms (ii) total floor area
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing (i) pressure of the water system (high or low water) (ii) Shower make and
model number.
Screen shot or product brochure showing WELS rating OR Measured flow rates.
Appropriate documentation as per below:
Section B
Electricity – Heat pump
Photograph of cylinder in situ and a close up of any plate or sticker on the cylinder or where available where
available manufacturer’s details about the system.
Photograph of cylinder in situ and a close up of any plate or sticker on the cylinder or where available
manufacturer’s details about the system.
41
EHC-2 Hot Water
Photograph of the boiler in situ and a close up of any plate or sticker on the boiler and where available
manufacturer’s details about the boiler showing (i) efficiency rating and (ii) gas types used.
Gas – Storage
Photograph of cylinder in situ and a close up of any plate or sticker on the cylinder and where available
manufacturer’s details about the cylinder showing (i) the efficiency and (ii) gas types used.
Oil / Diesel
Photograph of cylinder in situ and a close up of any plate or sticker on the cylinder AND where available
manufacturer’s details about the cylinder.
Photograph of cylinder in situ and a close up of any plate or sticker on the cylinder AND where available
manufacturer’s details about the cylinder.
Geothermal
Manufacturer’s details about the system
Section C
Solar Hot Water
Photographs showing the system
For multi-unit residential buildings with common hot water systems
Contact NZGBC
Additional Guidance
When a hot water cylinder is in an unconditioned garage space or within a typical attic space, it is considered
to be located outside the thermal zone.
Where solar panels are broken and/or shaded, this is ignored in the tool and the hot water systems
performance is not downgraded as a result. This is because Homestar currently only examines potential
operation as opposed to actual operation.
Wetbacks, i.e. systems which use enclosed burners (fuelled by wood, pellets or coal) to act as a primary or
secondary means of heating water are catered for, by selecting the solid fuel type.
The calculation for this credit is relatively complex, and it is based on EECA’s HERS hot water algorithms. These
algorithms were originally developed to work in conjunction with the AccuRate (HERS) house modelling
2
software , as part of the Australia/New Zealand Home Energy Rating Scheme (ANZHERS). They were simplified
so that all dwellings are assumed to have a single water heating system, which is then assessed by the Hot
Water Calculator. The algorithms are based on assumed user behaviour, in terms of hot water usage.
Some other defaults/assumptions used for the algorithm:
•
•
•
•
•
Occupancy rate equals the maximum of either the Conditioned area of the house divided by the
2
occupancy density of 50m per person or the number of bedrooms multiplied by an occupancy factor
of 0.66 plus one;
o
Each person takes one 10 minute 40 C shower per day;
The cold water inlet temperature is at the ground temperature of the region;
Storage cylinders are calculated as having heat losses that are proportional to the temperature
difference between water stored at 60°C and the surrounding air temperature, dependent on the
insulation around the cylinder and related to the size of the cylinder;
Internal spaces within the building envelope where hot water cylinders are stored are always at 20°C,
and that the outside temperatures vary as given by the external temperatures available in the
AccuRate climate data files;
42
•
EHC-2 Hot Water
Four New Zealand climate zones provide the ambient inlet temperature of supply water, assuming a
water storage temperature of 60°C, a tempered temperature of 40°C for bathing, and an interior
space temperature of 20°C.
Climate Zone
The climate zone is automatically assigned according to the district selected in the Energy Summary Tab. For
reference, the zones are described below:
•
•
•
•
Climate Zone 1: Far North, Whangarei, Kaipara, Rodney, North Shore City, Waitakere City, Auckland
City, Manukau City, Papakura, Franklin, Thames-Coromandel.
Climate Zone 2: Hauraki, Waikato, Matamata-Piako, Hamilton City, Waipa, Otorohanga, South
Waikato, Waitomo, Western Bay of Plenty, Tauranga, Rotorua, Whakatane, Kawerau, Opotiki,
Gisborne, Wairoa, Hastings, Napier City, Central Hawke’s Bay, New Plymouth, Stratford, South
Taranaki, Wanganui, Rangitikei (south of Mangweka), Manawatu, Palmerston North City, Tararua,
Horowhenua, Kapiti Coast, Porirua City, Upper Hutt City, Hutt City, Wellington City, Masterton,
Carterton, South Wairarapa.
Climate Zone 3A: Taupo, Ruapehu, Rangitikei (Mangaweka and northwards), Tasman, Nelson City,
Marlborough, Kaikoura, Hurunui, Waimakariri, Christchurch City, Selwyn, Ashburton, Timaru,
Mackenzie, Waimate, Central Otago, Queenstown-Lakes.
Climate Zone 3B: Buller, Greymouth, Westland, Waitaki, Dunedin City, Clutha, Southland, Gore,
Invercargill City; also Stewart Island and the Chathams.
Background
According to BRANZ studies, water heating accounts for around a third of energy use in an average New
Zealand house. With a well-designed plumbing system and the use of low carbon, renewable energy sources
(such as solar hot water heaters) the CO2 emissions of water heating systems can be greatly reduced.
The Homestar hot water calculation is based on the CO2 emissions of the actual system being assessed
compared to a reference system, with NZGBC CO2 emission fuel intensities replacing those used by EECA, to
maintain consistency with the other parts of the Homestar tool as well as the other Green Star building rating
tools.
Systems which rely on renewable forms of energy/fuels (e.g. solar hot water systems) score better than those
reliant on fossil fuels.
Modern electric cylinders have a high level of insulation so that the standing loss is relatively low.
1.
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA), Home Energy (HERS)
www.eeca.govt.nz/
2.
AccuRate, Home Energy Rating Software, developed by CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia. Version 1.1.3.1
3.
AS/NZS4234:2006, Solar water heaters – Domestic and heat pump – Calculation of energy
consumption standards, Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.
4.
Camilleri, M.T., 2006. Hot Water Analysis. BRANZ Ltd Report EC124, BRANZ Ltd, Judgeford, Porirua,
New Zealand, 2006.
5.
Burgess, J.C., March 2009, ANZHERS – Upgraded hot water rating algorithms. BRANZ report EC1475C,
BRANZ Ltd, Judgeford, Porirua, New Zealand, 2009.
43
EHC-3 Lighting
EHC-3 Lighting
Aim
To encourage and recognise the reduction of energy consumption associated with interior and exterior
lighting.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that the dwelling’s indoor and outdoor lighting is
categorised as (see Assessment for definitions):
(1)
Fair Lighting, OR
0.5 points
(2)
Good Lighting, OR
1.0 point
(3)
Better Lighting, OR
1.5 points
(4)
Best Lighting.
2.0 points
Data Entry
Use EHC-3 tab and scorecard.
Assessment
Fair Lighting
75% (by count) of installed lamps within indoor and outdoor light fittings have a minimum efficacy of 20
lumens per watt.
Good Lighting
INDOOR LIGHTING:
•
•
Criteria for ‘Fair Lighting’ has been met, AND
90% (by count) of installed lamps have a minimum efficacy of 20 lumens per watt.
OUTDOOR LIGHTING:
75% of exterior lighting have daylight cut-off devices with motion sensor controls or integrated photovoltaic
cells.
Better Lighting
INDOOR LIGHTING:
•
•
Criteria for ‘Good Lighting’ has been met, AND
OUTDOOR LIGHTING:
•
Criteria for ‘Good Lighting’ has been met, AND
44
•
EHC-3 Lighting
100% (by count) of exterior lighting have daylight cut-off devices with motion sensor controls or
integrated photovoltaic cells.
Best Lighting
INDOOR LIGHTING:
•
•
•
•
Criteria for ‘Better Lighting’ has been met, AND
90% (by count) of installed lamps have a minimum efficacy of 35 lumens per watt, AND
25% (by count) of the most efficient (i.e. 35 lumens per watt or greater) lamps are not replaceable
with lower efficiency lamps, either through permanently wired integral fittings such as LED lighting or
with dedicated bases which only allow lamps to be replaced with those of equal efficacy, AND
All light fittings within the lounge or main living area must be integral fittings or dedicated bases.
OUTDOOR LIGHTING:
•
•
Criteria for ‘Better Lighting’ has been met, AND
Review the plans and specifications or visually inspect all applicable indoor and outdoor lamps and record the
appropriate data within the Space Calculator or another suitable schedule.
For standalone and terraced dwellings all attached or detached garage, shed and workshop lighting also needs
to be included in the interior or exterior lighting calculations for this credit.
For multi-unit developments, where it is difficult to define the exterior lighting associated with the dwelling, at
a minimum the corridor, stairs and pathway taken from the dwelling’s car park to the dwelling’s front door is
to be included. No day light cut-off is required in carparks and corridors that are not likely to receive natural
light at any time of the day, and in these cases lighting control via motion sensors only are acceptable.
This Credit is applicable to fixed (not portable) fittings only. Lighting used for eye-adaptation near covered
vehicle entrances or exits is exempt from this Credit.
Where a lamp does not have the efficacy listed on it or its packaging, the Homestar Assessor may use the
‘Efficacy of Common Lamps’ table as a guide, which can be found under the Additional Guidance section of this
Credit.
When calculating the total number of installed lamps, a lamp refers to an individual light bulb (i.e. if a light
fitting contains three bulbs, this would be counted as three lamps).
Where outdoor lighting is provided for common areas that are not designed as transient spaces and where
people are anticipated to stay longer for entertainment activities, etc., these areas are not required to have
2
motion sensor controls provided the area is lit using less than 1.5W/m . Transient spaces include but not limit
to porches, pathways.
Areas not included in this exception are lobbies, corridors, hallways, service areas gardens and pathways not
specific to the dwelling. i.e. for multi-unit developments all lighting outside the unit is deemed as outdoor
lighting.
Where heat lamps are provided in bathrooms, the lamp(s) whose purpose is primarily for heating can be
excluded from consideration in this credit.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Completed Space Calculator or other suitable lighting schedule with associated percentage calculations AND
Marked up lighting plans and specification for the dwelling.
45
EHC-3 Lighting
Built Rating
Completed Space Calculator or other suitable lighting schedule with associated percentage calculations AND
Lighting plans and specification for the dwelling OR floor plan marked up with light fittings.
Built Streamlining
Indicate that Built Streamlining applies on the scorecard
Floor plan marked up with light fittings
Additional Guidance
Identifying Common Household Lamps
Homestar Assessors are expected to be able to identify common lamp types within the dwellings using the
following table.
Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb (CFL)
Ambience standard
CFL.
Classic
small
CFL.
shaped
decorative
Decorative
globe
diameter).
CFL
(wide
Ambience
CFL
Candle. Normally
found
in
chandeliers.
Small
decorative
lustre CFL.
CFL reflector (has
CFL inner ballast).
Par 38 Reflector
CFL. Generally used
outdoors.
Standard CFL. Spiral
or stick shaped.
Dimmable CFL.
GU10/ MR16 mains
voltage halogen.
Infrared
Coated
(IRC) Halogen.
CFL R80.
Halogen and Halogen Replacements
CFL
downlight
replacement
for
12V (low voltage)
halogen.
MR 11 12V (low
voltage) halogen.
Incandescents (GLS)
46
EHC-3 Lighting
Common standard
lightbulb used for
general
light
applications.
GLS Globe light.
GLS Candle bulb.
For chandeliers or
other fittings.
Decorative globe
light, for smaller
fittings.
GLS Reflector lamp.
Used mainly in
downlight fittings.
Par 38 Reflector
GLS. Generally used
for outdoor flood
lighting.
Classic
halogen
bulb.
Halogen ballast R50
and R63 reflector
bulb.
Halogen Ballast Replacements for GLS
Halogen
ballast
candle bulb.
shaped
ballast
Fluorescent Tube and LED Bulbs
Fluorescent tube.
LED bulbs can be
used
for
strip
lighting in hallways, or feature
lighting for displays.
Recessed Fittings
Downlight fitting.
Recessed downlight
fitting
(reflective or nonreflective).
Table EHC3.1 Efficacy of common lamps
Type
Efficacy (lumens per watt)
Compact Fluorescent (CFL)
45-60
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
15-20 (old)
50-80 (new)
Incandescent
17
Halogen
10-15 (standard old)
20-30 (new)
Fluorescents (standard tubular)
50-67 (common)
Background
On average, a New Zealand household uses 9,370 kWh of electricity per annum. Based on studies by
1
KEMA and BRANZ, 920 kWh (or nearly 10%) of this total is consumed by lighting . Lighting is one of the aspects
of the dwelling which is easier to address when making a significant reduction to the electricity consumption.
With the adoption of more energy-efficient lighting habits within New Zealand homes, a significant amount of
electricity could be saved nationwide.
47
EHC-3 Lighting
Standard incandescent light bulbs are extremely inefficient, wasting 95% of their electricity as heat, with only
5% converted into visible light. Replacing them with new energy-efficient CFL or halogen bulbs will help
2
decrease energy use/costs, maintenance and the dwelling’s impact on the environment .
The purpose of this Credit is to reward dwellings that have installed both energy-efficient lighting inside and
outside the dwelling, as well as devices/fittings that control lighting use and maintain the efficiency of the
lighting within the dwelling. These steps will contribute to the overall reduction in electricity consumption of
the dwelling.
1.
Environment
http://www.rightlight.govt.nz/residential/why-change/better-environment
2.
Save Money
http://rightlight.govt.nz/residential/save-money
3.
Types of Efficient Bulbs
http://www.rightlight.govt.nz/residential/choosing-right-light/types-bulbs
48
EHC-4 Whiteware and Appliances
Aim
To encourage and recognise the provision or purchase of energy efficient whiteware, to reduce the energy
load from appliance use in the dwelling.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are available where energy efficient whiteware (i.e. fridge-freezer and dishwasher) is
provided or purchased, in accordance with the criteria in Table EHC4.1, for the dwelling.
(1)
Energy efficient refrigeration appliances
Up to 1.5 points
(2a)
Energy efficient dishwashing appliances
Up to 0.5 points
(2b)
The dishwasher points are deemed Not Applicable for dwellings that do not have a
dishwasher
N/A
Data Entry
Use scorecard.
Assessment
In a Design Rating review the specification to determine the appliance models that are included for the
dwelling.
In a Built Rating visually determine if the property has a fridge or dishwasher present. Check the appliance(s)
for visible energy rating labels and ask the owner if they have invoices/data sheets demonstrating the Energy
Rating for their refrigeration or dishwashing appliances. If the owner does not have any of the required
documentation, take note of the model number, and check online to see if it has an Energy Rating.
If there is more than one appliance of the same type, (i.e second fridge in a garage) then the worst performing
appliance only should be considered in each of the two product categories (refrigeration and dishwasher).
Points are awarded only where the appliances are provided within the dwelling or have been purchased for a
refurbishment.
For a Design Assessment points may be awarded if no specific products are referenced, but the required
Energy Rating of appliances is clearly stated in the design documentation. Where a fridge is not included in the
design or specification, zero points are to be allocated as the credit is still deemed applicable because it’s
reasonable to expect that a fridge will be installed by the owner. Without evidence to the contrary, worst case
is to be assumed.
In New Zealand all new appliances must have an Energy Rating. Where the appliance does not have an Energy
Rating (potentially from overseas) then the product can only be awarded points when evidence of equivalence
can be produced (i.e. the tested and documented energy use of the appliance meets the requirements of an
Energy Rating star band or the appliance holds an overseas rating that can demonstrate equivalence with the
Energy Rating star band).
49
Table EHC4.1 Appliance Energy Ratings
Appliance Type
1. Refrigerator – no frozen food storage, auto defrost
2. Refrigerator – manual defrost
3. Fridge/freezer – cyclic defrost fresh food, manual defrost freezer
4. Fridge/Freezer – bottom freezer OR side by side, frost free
5. Fridge/Freezer - top freezer, frost free
6. Freezer – chest
7. Freezer – upright, not frost free
8. Freezer – upright, frost free
Energy
Rating
Points
1.5
0.9
2
1.2
2.5
1.5
1.0
0.9
1.5
1.2
2.0
1.5
2.5
0.9
3.0
1.2
3.5
1.5
1.5
0.9
2.0
1.2
2.5
1.5
2.0
0.9
2.5
1.2
3.0
1.5
2.5
0.9
3.0
1.2
3.5
1.5
2.0
0.9
2.5
1.2
3.0
1.5
1.0
0.9
1.5
1.2
2.0
1.5
Energy
Rating
3
3.5
4
Appliance Type
Dishwasher
Points
0.2
0.4
0.5
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Specification(s) showing the appliance models.
Datasheet(s) or Screen shot(s) demonstrating Energy Rating or where the appliance(s) does not hold an
Energy Rating, appropriate documentation (i.e. overseas energy label) to demonstrate equivalence.
50
Built Rating
Photograph OR Invoice(s) showing model number/energy rating
Datasheet(s) or screen shot(s) demonstrating Energy Rating or Where the appliance(s) does not hold an
Energy Rating, appropriate documentation (i.e. overseas energy label) to demonstrate equivalence.
Additional Guidance
Energy Rating
Energy Rating labels provide consumers with information on how much electricity an appliance uses in a year
based on standardised settings/use, plus a star rating to show how energy efficient it is. The label helps the
buyer compare between models and choose the most energy-efficient appliance that suits their needs. All new
whiteware and heat pumps available for sale in New Zealand must display an energy rating label.
Importers, manufacturers, retailers and people selling new appliances have obligations to ensure that energy
rating labels are fixed to or supplied with appliances for sale. This is a regulatory requirement detailed under
minimum energy performance standards and labelling for individual products.
Typically new whiteware appliances come with a sticker stating their Energy Rating. Where these stickers are
not visible it is the role of the Homestar Assessor to investigate what the Energy Rating is and if the appliance
has achieved an ENERGY STAR (using for example, the online database: www.energyrating.gov.au or, if the
energy usage is known but not the energy rating, it can be found using the online tool:
www.energywise.govt.nz/ratings-and-labels/star-ratings-calculator by adjusting the star rating to that which
corresponds to the rated energy uses) for that brand and type of appliance. If the Homestar Assessor is unable
to locate the model number, then simply take note of the brand and type, and use online guidance to help
match that particular brand to another with similar specifications. Alternatively use the following approach:
For fridges, go to www.energyrating.gov.au/appsearch/refrig_srch.asp or for dishwashers, go to
www.energyrating.gov.au/appsearch/dwashers_srch.asp
Check the box “Include run-out products that are no longer manufactured in or imported into Australia/New
Zealand”. Search product by Brand Name and then find model number in question. From this, determine the
yearly Energy Consumption (in kWh/yr).
Finally, go to www.energywise.govt.nz/ratings-and-labels/star-ratings-calculator and adjust the star rating to
that which corresponds to the rated energy consumption.
Please note that as of 1 April 2010, Energy Rating labelling regulations have changed for refrigerators and
freezers. This system now consists of new and old labelling schemes where the new label is two stars less than
an old label e.g. a four-star model on the old label is equivalent to a two-star model under the new system. Old
ratings have a green stripe. New ratings can go up to 10 stars and can include a ‘crown’.
Homestar accepts the Energy Rating for the new system only. It is the role of the Homestar Assessor to identify
the Energy Rating under the new system for appliances being assessed. The method described above,
demonstrates both the new and the old Energy Rating. Please ensure that the new rating is used for the
assessment. If the appliance still has its Energy Rating label on it, then it is easy to identify if it is an old label by
the green strip at the base of the label. In this instance the Homestar Assessor can simply deduct two stars
from the rating.
51
Background
In New Zealand there are many products that are required to carry labels that indicate how much electricity
they consume annually. When buying an appliance it is important for consumers to understand not only the
upfront cost, but also the ongoing running costs. Appliances use on average a third of the dwelling’s electricity
bill. Studies have shown that many New Zealanders run more fridges/freezers than they need for effective
dwelling keeping. These extra appliances are commonly older and very energy inefficient.
1.
Energy Wise
http://www.energywise.govt.nz/ratings-and-labels/energy-rating-calculator
2.
EECA
www.eeca.govt.nz/suppliers-and-partners/energy-star-partners/energy-star-product-specifications
http://www.eeca.govt.nz/energy-end-use-database
3.
Energy Rating
www.energyrating.com.au
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/wpcontent/uploads/Energy_Rating_Documents/Fact_Sheets/General/factsheet-rf.pdf
http://www.eeca.govt.nz/node/1306
http://www.eeca.govt.nz/sites/all/files/new-energy-rating-label-11-05-2010.pdf
4.
The Revised Energy Rating Label - Fridges and freezers
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/pubs/2010-rf-factsheet-revised-label.pdf
52
EHC-5 Renewable Energy
Aim
To encourage and recognise the installation and operation of local renewable electricity generation systems to
reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as part of everyday dwelling operations.
Credit Criteria
Standalone / Terraced Houses
Up to eight points are available to dwellings which reduce their CO2 emissions through reliance on electricity
generating renewable energy system(s).
When the percentage improvement is between these benchmarks the number of points awarded is
interpolated by the energy scorecard calculator.
Percentage of reference CO2 load met by renewables
Points Awarded
10%
0.8
20%
1.6
30%
2.4
40%
3.2
50%
4.0
60%
4.8
70%
5.6
80%
6.4
90%
7.2
100%
8.0
Multi-unit Developments
Option A
This option is for developments with a renewable energy system that supplies both the individual dwellings
and any common electrical services from the same system. Points are determined on an individual dwelling
basis.
The dwelling’s load is determined by adding the dwelling energy demand to the prorated common electrical
service load. Points are awarded based on reduction in CO2 emissions as follows:
Percentage of reference CO2 load met by renewables
Points Awarded
10%
0.8
20%
1.6
30%
2.4
40%
3.2
50%
4.0
53
60%
4.8
70%
5.6
80%
6.4
90%
7.2
100%
8.0
Option B
Where a development includes a renewable energy system that is connected to ONLY supply the common
electrical services the dwelling may be awarded points in the following manner:
Percentage of common electrical load met by
renewables
Points Awarded
30%
1
50%
2
70%
3
Data Entry
Use Energy Summary tab and scorecard.
Assessment
Energy supplied by remote large scale electricity generating plants (i.e. supplied via the national grid) will not
be eligible for any points in this credit. Electricity procured through either a carboNZero retailer or any other
‘Green Tariff’ or ‘Carbon Offset’ scheme, is not eligible either.
Use the BRANZ Photovoltaic Generation Calculator to determine the kWh/annum generated by the PV System.
Input the kWh/yr figure into the grey box on the Energy Summary Tab.
Reference CO2 Load
The reference CO2 Load is calculated by summing the contributions from space heating and cooling, hot water
heating, appliances and common electrical demand associated with the dwelling being assessed. The annual
reference CO2 load is automatically determined by the Renewables Calculator using the equation shown
below:
Reference CO2 load (kg CO2/yr) = space heating and cooling CO2 (kg CO2/yr) + hot water heating CO2 (kg
CO2/yr)+ appliance load (kg CO2/yr) + common electrical demand (kg CO2/yr)
The CO2 contribution from the dwelling’s space heating and cooling and hot water heating is automatically
generated from the Space Heating and Hot Water Calculators. A default figure for the appliance related CO2
contribution is automatically generated, and is related to the number of occupants.
For multi-unit developments using Option A, will need to manually input the apportioned common electrical
demand figure into the energy summary tab. The apportion of common electrical demand is calculated using
the following formula:
total common electrical demand * (number of bedrooms in dwelling / total number of bedrooms in building).
54
BRANZ Photovoltaic Generation Calculator
Review the plans and specifications and/or manufacturers system specification to determine the answers to
the following:
•
•
•
•
PV’s angle of inclination: (Horizontal = 0°)
PV’s orientation (North = 0°): Use a compass to establish the orientation of the dwelling. The
orientation figure needs to be based on true not magnetic north.
PVs peak rated output (kWp): For amorphous this should be the stabilised rated output.
PV type: Choose from Monocrystalline / Polycrystalline / Amorphous
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Specification from manufacturer showing all the relevant details that are required for the BRANZ Photovoltaic
Calculator included as part of building documentation.
Electrical Engineers calculations for common electrical demand (multi-unit developments only).
Built Rating
Specification from manufacturer showing all the relevant details that are required for the BRANZ Photovoltaic
Calculator included as part of building documentation.
Electrical Engineers calculations for common electrical demand (multi-unit developments only) AND
Photograph(s) showing the system.
Built Streamlining
Photograph(s) showing the system.
For wind or hydro systems
Please contact the NZGBC for assistance in determining the energy production and associated points.
Additional Guidance
Only local electricity-generating renewables are accounted for within this credit. Other forms of renewable
energy generation such as geothermal are accounted for either in the Space Heating or Hot Water credits.
Worked example
The following example is provided for a high performing passive solar stand alone dwelling that has a 3kWp
array of photovoltaics (which generates 3,200kWh of energy on an average year), and has no other electrical
energy generation systems:
Item
Calculation
CO2 ‘emitters’
55
Source
a. Space Heating and Space Cooling energy load
by pellet (annual)
= 5 kg CO2
Automatically extracted
Space Heating Calculator
from
b. Hot Water energy load (annual)
= 306 kg CO2
Automatically extracted from Hot
Water Calculator
c. Appliance load (annual)
= 270 kg CO2
From default load appliance figure
based on occupant number
d. Reference CO2 Load (annual)
= 581 kg CO2
a+b+c
= 544 kg CO2
PV CO2 savings
automatically
estimated
from
BRANZ
Photovoltaic Generic Calculator
f. Percentage of reference electricity load
supplied by the renewable system
= (544 / 581) x 100
Automatic calculation
Amount of points awarded (out of 8)
= 7.5 points
CO2 ‘savers’
e. Annual renewables - photovoltaic system
Percentage supplied by renewable system
= 94%
f x 8 points
Appliance Load
Default appliance loads used within the Renewables Calculator, assumed to be electrical, are as follows:
Number of bedrooms/occupants
kWh/year
kgCO2
2 or less
1200
216
3 or 4
1500
270
5 and greater
1900
342
Solar generation – photovoltaics
Energy yield assessment utilises the module power rating, as it is the standard approach in the BCSE
assessment guidelines. The BCSE guidelines themselves were compiled by members of the AS/NZS renewable
11
energy standards committee.
The photovoltaic (PV) calculator is based on monthly solar irradiation figures for 16 climatic areas throughout
New Zealand, for Typical Meteorological Years, courtesy of NIWA. The estimated yearly generation figures are
de-rated (corrected) for system losses. The estimated de-rating percentages by type are:
Module tolerance (5%), soiling (3% - according to AS 4509), temperature correction (varies – according to AS
4509.2 and BCSE Design Guidelines), DC cabling (1% - best practice), AC cabling (best practice), module mismatch (2%), and inverter (6% - reflective of most modern operating efficiencies). Note that the temperature
de-rating is calculated by month, based on average daytime temperatures.
Applying these derating factors to the tool gives an average factor in Auckland (for example), based on a cell
type of 77.3% for Monocyrstalline cells, 76.2% for Polycrystalline cells; and 80.6% for Amorphous cells.
56
Background
CO2 is a major greenhouse gas, contributing towards climate change. Points for renewables are based on a net
CO2 approach i.e. the portion of the calculated hot water, space heating and appliance related CO2 is met by
the generation of electricity from renewables. The greater this CO2 compensation is, the more points are
awarded, based on a pro-rata system. This approach ensures that dwellings which are moving towards carbon
neutrality are rewarded.
Over the next 40 years, New Zealand’s energy mix is expected to change. The international economy will
reward efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to address climate change. Energy related greenhouse gas
emissions in New Zealand will need to reduce in the longer term.
New Zealand is particularly well suited to local energy systems because of its abundant renewable energy
sources (i.e. sun, wind and water). Although wind and hydro energy sources can be (and are already being)
used in large electricity generating plants, such plants have drawbacks compared with using these energy
sources in local energy systems.
The advantages of local energy systems include:
•
•
•
•
•
Raising the overall efficiency and resilience of energy systems by spreading generation throughout
the network;
Improving energy security by making end-users more self-reliant;
Using energy sources, particularly renewable sources, that are not suitable for big generating plants;
Promoting competition and innovation by introducing new technologies into the marketplace; and
Encouraging regional development by creating jobs for designers, manufacturers, and tradespeople.
For determining the Reference CO2 Loads, standardised behaviour is assumed. Thus, for space heating, it is
o
assumed that the entire area within the thermal envelope is kept at 18 C for the equivalent of eight hours each
winter day. For hot water usage, calculations are based on the number of occupants (bedrooms), the plumbing
system, the fuel source and any solar heating installed.
From the nation-wide BRANZ HEEP study, it is known that appliances (such as whiteware, heated towel rails,
televisions, electric jugs, computers and DVDs) in an average New Zealand house account for 29% (or about
3,400kWh/yr) of energy use. From the same study it was shown that there is a direct relationship between
appliance energy use and number of occupants.
Since this credit is based on standardised operational behaviour it may not be reflective of the actual energy
use/CO2 emissions in some particular instances. However, the approach taken represents the best currently
available estimates.
1.
Level
www.level.org.nz/energy/appliances/selecting-energy-efficient-appliances/
www.level.org.nz/energy/renewable-electricity-generation/
2.
Isaacs, N. (ed). ‘Energy Use in New Zealand Households. Report on the Year 10 Analysis for the
Household Energy End Use Project (HEEP)’. BRANZ Study Report 155 (2006). BRANZ. Porirua.
3.
Energywise
www.energywise.govt.nz/how-to-be-energy-efficient/generating-renewable-energy-at-dwelling
4.
Sustainable Electricity Associated of New Zealand
www.seanz.org.nz
5.
Australian Standard AS4509.2
AS 4509.2 Stand-alone power systems Part 2: System design guidelines
6.
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority
www.eeca.govt.nz/efficient-and-renewable-energy/renewable-energy
57
7.
Ministry of Economic Development
www.med.govt.nz/templates/ContentTopicSummary____19431.aspx
8.
Electricity Authority
www.ea.govt.nz/about-us/documents-publications/
9.
Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment
http://www.pce.parliament.nz/assets/Uploads/Reports/pdf/Get_Smart_think_small.pdf
10. SAP 2005 with amendments version 9.81 (Appendix M)
11. Business Council for Sustainable Development
http://www.nzbcsd.org.nz/
12. BRANZ Photovoltaic Generation Calculator
http://www.branz.co.nz/PVcalculator
58
EHC-6 Whole House Thermal Performance
Aim
To recognise the reduction of purchased energy associated with space heating and cooling of the house,
through good passive solar design.
Credit Criteria
Up to 15 points are available for designs which provide passive thermal comfort all year round.
Data Entry
Use Energy Summary tab, EHC-6 Cooling tab, and scorecard.
Assessment
There are 3 pathways this credit can be assessed through:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Energy modelling.
On-line ALF calculation (heating) and the Space Cooling Calculator.
For dwellings which have achieved “Passive House Certification”, 15 points are awarded in
Homestar EHC-6 automatically.
For pathways (i) and (ii), the Homestar Calculator is used to determine the points awarded;
Compliance by energy modeling
Using the plans and specifications for the dwelling complete a model using the Homestar Energy Modelling
Protocol (see Appendix 2). The following outputs will be required from the model to input into the Homestar
Calculator to enable points to be determined:
•
•
Modelled cooling load (kWh/yr)
Modelled heating load (kWh/yr)
Compliance by calculation
Heating
Using the plans and specifications for the dwelling, complete an ALF calculation using ALF online
(http://alf.branz.co.nz/).
Details
The first tab of the online ALF calculation is where you input the generic details of the dwelling.
59
Climate
The second tab in the ALF calculation is for the climate of the dwelling. Select the Region and Town/City that is
appropriate for the dwelling. Then select 24 hour heating and 18 degrees Celsius as shown below.
Only the thermal envelope of the house needs to be considered – this is the division between the outside (i.e.
unconditioned and uninsulated) area of the house and the inside (i.e. conditioned and usually insulated) area
of the house. This division is shown below in Figure ECH6.1 by the blue line, which follows the insulation in the
ceiling (sloping for skillion roof) and along the concrete slab on ground (whether the slab is insulated or not). If
there is no insulation (for example in the walls), the thermal envelope defaults to the line between the inside
and outside of the house.
60
Figure ECH6.1: Cross section showing the Thermal Envelope
Floors
The third tab in the ALF calculation is the Floor section. Only account for flooring that IS part of the
conditioned floor area (i.e. within the thermal envelope) and IS NOT exposed to another conditioned space.
Even though ALF calls this section Ground Floors all floors that are above non conditioned spaces must be
included here (even if they are on the first or second floors). If the dwelling is above another conditioned
space, then in the “slab on ground floor” section select the “custom approach” and input an R-value of 5.
Concrete Slabs
There are two types of concrete slabs commonly used as housing foundations (i) solid concrete slabs and (ii)
waffle pod slabs. These are distinct foundation types and perform very differently thermally. If the dwelling
being assessed is founded on a solid concrete slab then select one of the first 3 options in the dropdown box in
ALF (slab on ground, slab on ground thermal break, slab on ground insulation behind brick veneer).
61
If the dwelling is founded on a waffle pod slab with solid polystyrene cores then you must select the Custom Rvalue option and then use either
(i) The BRANZ House Insulation Guide (5th Ed.) R value Tables OR
(ii) Manufacturer’s data as long as it is based on 3D heat flow models. In analysing floor slabs, NZS 4214
cannot be used for insulated floor slab calculations as it is essentially a two-dimensional (2D)
calculation method that is not appropriate for the complexities of 3D thermal bridging and heat
transfer. A 3D finite element analysis program, having demonstrable accuracy, must be part of the
analysis to be recognised by Homestar. An example of appropriate 3D software is
HEAT3 from www.buildingphysics.com/index.htm.
If the core is air filled, then treat the slab as if it was a solid concrete slab. Where a dwelling’s conditioned floor
area is part of a larger overall slab (i.e. has an attached non-conditioned garage on the same slab) an approach
from the scenario tables below should be taken.
Suspended Timber and Other Floors
When analysing suspended timber or other floors take into account the height at which the floor sits above
ground. When measuring perimeter heights:
•
•
•
For suspended timber floors, use the average height of the wall around the subfloor (i.e. crawl space)
above the natural (or when finished) ground level.
For pole houses, enter the average natural (or when finished) ground level height if there is no actual
wall around the perimeter.
In cases where part or all of the house on the ground floor is an unconditioned space such as a garage
or store room, the upstairs floor above this space become part of the floor of the thermal envelope
and in this case use the height of the floor below (including any ceiling space) as perimeter height.
Garages and similar unconditioned spaces
The below scenarios are for garages and similar unconditioned space. A garage or an outbuilding (such as a
shed) may be built adjacent to the ‘conditioned’ part of the house, or such a space may occupy either part or
all of the ground floor with a ‘conditioned’ floor above. These spaces may or may not be insulated. The below
sections outlines possible scenarios for these space and how to treat them.
Scenario 1: Insulated house with attached fully insulated garage
Conditioned Area for R –Value
Calculation
Option 1: Conditioned space is the whole house including garage if the
garage is intended to be used for multiple purposes. This option must be
followed if boundary between garage and rest of the house is not insulated.
Option 2: As a garage is not a normally inhabited area, if the boundary
between garage and rest of the dwelling is insulated and the garage is never
intended to be used other than as a storage or parking space (e.g. not likely
to be turned in to a den), then the garage maybe excluded from conditioned
space.
Perimeter
Perimeter of the house includes the perimeter around garage if garage is
considered part of conditioned space (dotted red line in graphic below).
For terraced houses, perimeter excludes common walls with other
conditioned spaces.
Perimeter Height
For concrete slabs, ALF assumes a uniform perimeter height, so no input is
needed.
For suspended floors refer to ‘Suspended Timber and Other Floors’ section.
Area
Use the entire floor area including garage (but excluding other uninsulated
62
sheds, etc.).
Other Considerations
N/A.
Applies to
Standalone and terraced Houses.
Conditioned Area
Insulated
Garage
Scenario 2: Dwelling with attached uninsulated garage, no thermal break in the floor between conditioned
and unconditioned spaces
Calculation
Conditioned space excludes garage.
R Value Calculation
If there is no floor edge insulation, then R-value is the R value of the
uninsulated floor.
If there is edge insulation, the R-value to be used is the average of the R
value of the uninsulated floor and R- value of the floor with insulation. This is
because of heat transfer between the uninsulated garage space and
conditioned space via the floor.*
Perimeter
Perimeter of the house excludes the perimeter around garage but includes
the length of wall between the garage and the conditioned part of the house
(dotted red line).
conditioned spaces
Perimeter Height
needed. For suspended floors refer to ‘Suspended Timber and Other Floors’
section.
Area
Use the area under the conditioned part of the house only.
N/A.
Applies to
63
Conditioned Area
Uninsulated
Garage
*Note: for EHC-7: Moisture Control; The R value used should be the uninsulated R value whether edge
insulation is present or not.
Scenario 3: Dwelling with attached uninsulated garage, thermal break in the floor between conditioned and
unconditioned spaces
Calculation
Conditioned space excludes garage. As there is a thermal break in the floor,
simply consider the house as if there is no garage or other unconditioned
attached area.
The R value is the R value of the floor. If there is edge insulation; treat the
thermal break effectively as edge insulation along the boundary with the
garage.
Perimeter
(dotted red line).
conditioned spaces.
Perimeter Height
needed.
Area
N/A.
Applies to
64
Conditioned Area
Uninsulated
Garage
Scenario 4: Dwelling with uninsulated garage occupying part of ground floor
Calculation
Conditioned space excludes garage.
Perimeter
for the ground floor section (dotted red line).
For area and R-value calculation, the floor includes the section on the ground
floor under conditioned spaces as well as the first floor area above garage.
These two areas are to be calculated separately for ALF.
For the Upper floor section, take the perimeter around that section (equal to
boundary of the garage – dotted blue line).
conditioned spaces
Perimeter Height
needed.
Note that the upper floor section should be treated as a suspended floor
with the perimeter height equal to the height from the floor below including
any ceiling cavity height.
Area
Calculate the two areas separately.
If there is a thermal break between the floor of the garage the rest of the
ground floor, then treat that effectively as edge insulation as per Scenario 3
for a house with an attached garage with thermal break.
If there is not thermal break, calculate average R-value if required as per
Scenario 2 for a house with an attached uninsulated garage without a
thermal break.
Applies to
65
Conditioned Area
Uninsulated
Garage
Scenario 5: Dwelling with conditioned space fully on suspended floor with open space or uninsulated garage,
carport or other space underneath occupying the entire ground level
Calculation
R-value is that of the suspended floor.
Perimeter
Perimeter of the house is the entire perimeter of the suspended floor
(dotted red line).
For terraced houses and apartments, the perimeter excludes common walls
with other conditioned spaces.
Perimeter Height
Note that the perimeter height is equal to the height from the floor below
including any ceiling cavity height.
Area
N/A.
Applies to
Standalone houses, terraced Houses and apartments.
Conditioned Area
Adjacent House
Above uninsulated
space
Scenario 6: Ground floor apartment or house with no unconditioned space sharing the slab
Total slab approach: if multiple dwellings share one slab and no uninsulated
66
Calculation
space is present, then take R-value of total slab and apply to each dwelling.
Perimeter
Total slab approach: perimeter of total slab (dotted red line)
Perimeter Height
needed.
Area
Total slab approach: area of total slab
N/A.
Applies to
Standalone houses, terraced Houses and apartments.
Conditioned Conditioned
Area
Area
House 1
Conditioned
Area
House 1
House 1
Scenario 7: Upstairs apartment
Calculation
If downstairs space below is conditioned then use maximum R value of 5
under the custom approach in ALF
Perimeter
Perimeter is the sum of boundaries not adjoining other insulated spaces. Not
required for R-value calculation if custom approach is used (dotted red line).
Perimeter Height
N/A.
Area
Conditioned floor area of the apartment. Not required for R-value calculation
if custom approach is used, but will be required for heat loss calculations in
ALF
N/A.
Applies to
Apartments.
Conditioned
Area
Adjacent
Apartment
67
Figure ECH6.2: Terraced house or apartment dwelling
The above situation for terraced houses or apartment dwellings will lead to a result where even though the
dwellings all sit on a foundation of the same construction type the dwelling in the middle will have a higher Rvalue than the dwellings on each end when considered individually. This is due to the dwelling in the middle
having a much smaller perimeter length. Therefore when the entire slab sits beneath conditioned spaces as in
the situation above (i.e. no uninsulated spaces like a garage, or if the garage is insulated), a whole slab
approach (Scenario 6) may be used to calculate the R-value and then applied to each dwelling.
Usually a dwelling will only have one flooring type that requires consideration in ALF. However many modern
houses now include conditioned spaces above non conditioned spaces (i.e. a bedroom on the first floor above
a garage on the ground floor). In this instance you must include the mid floor construction between the garage
and the bedroom in ALF as well. Typically this mid floor is constructed from timber framing and can therefore
be included in the suspended timber section.
68
Figure ECH6.3: Dwelling with concrete foundation and suspended timber mid floor construction
Suspended Timber and Other Floors
Perimeter Length
Calculate length as defined above in relevant scenarios
Perimeter heights
When measuring perimeter heights:
•
•
For suspended timber floors, use the average height of the wall around the subfloor (i.e. crawl space)
above the natural (or when finished) ground level.
For pole houses, enter the average natural (or when finished) ground level height if there is no actual
wall around the perimeter.
R-Value
If the drop down boxes do not accurately reflect the floor construction of the house being assessed it is
possible to use the ‘custom’ option and input a calculated R-value from a program such as Design Navigator.
However you cannot use Design Navigator to calculate the R-value of rib-raft/pod/waffle style insulated
concrete systems. These must be calculated using either:
(iii) The BRANZ House Insulation Guide (5th Ed.) R value Tables OR
(iv) Manufacturer’s data as long as it is based on 3D heat flow models. In analysing floor slabs, NZS 4214
cannot be used for insulated floor slab calculations as it is essentially a two-dimensional (2D)
calculation method that is not appropriate for the complexities of 3D thermal bridging and heat
transfer. A 3D finite element analysis program, having demonstrable accuracy, must be part of the
analysis to be recognised by Homestar. An example of appropriate 3D software is
HEAT3 from www.buildingphysics.com/index.htm.
69
CONDITIONED
Suspended floor (concrete slab)
To be included in EHC:6
Calculator
OUTSIDE
Excluded from EHC:6 Calculator
To be included in EHC:6
Calculator
UNCONDITIONED
CONDITIONED
Eg. Garage
Eg. Retail
Slab on grade
Figure EHC6.4 Measuring the floor
Figure 6.4 above shows how to treat a cantilevered floor slab. For the example shown in figure 6.4, which
simulates an apartment above a closed car park, it may seem that the most logical option is to select the
"Suspended timber or suspended concrete floor with ground/airspace beneath”. However this uses a
calculation that finds the ratio of floor area to perimeter area (as opposed to perimeter length). If the
perimeter height is assigned as being large (in this case, the full height of car park beneath), the perimeter area
becomes large, the ratio then becomes small and with it, the R-value.
However, a car park below a floor slab is effectively an open space, so there is no ground effect, thus the R
value of the slab should be the R value of a standard stab. In this scenario therefore you need to select “Slab
on ground, no insulation option”, and input the thickness of the concrete slab for perimeter height. If a layer of
insulation is put on the underside of the slab then you will need to select the “Custom” option from the drop
down menu and use an alternative method (like Design Navigator) or calculating the R-Value.
70
R-Values for existing dwellings
If the dwelling is an existing dwelling and/or no documentation is available to demonstrate what R-value
insulation has been used then Assessors may use the following table to determine the minimum insulation
values that were required by the building code at the time (values shown for typical timber framed houses):
Wall
Floor
Roof
Windows
Zone
pre-1978
1978-1996
1996-2004
2004-2007
post-2007
1&2
0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.9
3
0
1.5
1.5
1.9
2.0
1&2
0
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.3
3
0
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.3
1&2
0
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.9
3
0
1.9
1.9
2.5
3.3
1&2
0
0
0
0.15
0.26
3
0
0
0
0.26
0.26
Roof
The length and width measurements are dictated by where the external wall meets the roof, rather than the
total roof area. Thus, do not include the area of soffits in the ceiling and roof, as they are typically outside of
the conditioned zone. These will typically range from 0 to 600 mm wide.
Consider the following when calculating the roof area:
•
•
Trussed roof with a horizontal ceiling - the plan view area of ceiling over conditioned space can be
used.
Skillion or sloping roof - the area of the sloped section should be used.
71
Plan view area can be used for a horizontal ceiling
Internal ceiling area is used for a sloping ceiling
FigureEHC6.3: Measure roof area
Walls and Windows/Doors
Walls
There are two main methods of fixing domestic cladding systems, direct-fixed and cavity-fixed. Direct-fixed
means that the cladding is attached directly to the framing over a house wrap. In the case of cavity-fixed,
vertical battens (or similar, being nominally 20 mm thick) are fixed over the house-wrap, and then the cladding
is attached to these, creating a cavity between the cladding and the framing.
After selecting the wall construction type which applies to the majority (or all) of the walls along the thermal
envelope (typically the outside walls), select whether the wall type varies or is fixed. Then measure/calculate
the width and height of the wall with a particular aspect (e.g. north). Typically, start with the north facing wall,
and work clockwise. Use a compass to establish the true orientation of elevation, remembering that magnetic
north is approximately 20°E of true north in New Zealand.
Measure the wall length. The wall height only includes the height of the wall separating the inside and the
outside of the heated space and is most easily measured internally (floor to ceiling). The window areas are
subtracted out automatically.
72
Only the wall area is relevant for the calculation and not the individual dimensions of the wall it is therefore
possible to combine walls which have the same orientation and construction type. This may be useful for
complicated multi-storey buildings.
If the wall construction type is not available from the drop down, then choose the custom option from the
drop down and enter its R value in the appropriate column. This value must consider the wall element as a
whole (i.e. the structure plus the insulation, minus any thermal bridges). The R values should be built up from
either www.design-navigator.co.nz or by using the BRANZ House Insulation Guide.
Once the first wall has been completed, the windows/glazed doors/areas associated with that wall have to be
inputted.
Use total internal length for wall length in EHC-6
Figure EHC6.4: Internal measurements should be used for wall length in EHC-6
Use internal height
from floor to ceiling
for wall height
2 5m
Figure EHC6.5: Measuring wall height for EHC-6
For attached dwellings if there is a cavity between the wall of the dwelling being assessed and that of the
adjoining dwelling then the wall needs to be treated as an external wall.
Windows
The glazing area (i.e. length and height) can be measured using the total dimensions of the window frame
(where dimensions are not provided on the plans). This method is generally simple, and practical without
significantly compromising accuracy.
73
Length
Height
Figure EHC6.6: Measuring window size
If the R value is known, then the door should be modelled as part of the wall using the construction type
‘Variable’ and wall ‘custom’ construction type.
The shading describes the external shading of the window by eaves, plants or other obstacles. Shading of a lot
means that the window is always shaded from direct and indirect sunlight (no light enters the window),
shading of none means that the window is not shaded at all.
ALF automatically adjusts and determines the energy or heat gain that is transferred to the dwelling through
the different window orientations (i.e. it automatically accounts for the difference between north vs south).
What the Assessor needs to determine is what percentage of that energy is blocked from entering the window
by adjacent obstructions.
The north, east and west window orientations shading percentage is determined by considering the direct
sunlight in the following manner:
STEP 1: Imagine (or physically position) yourself standing just inside the window in question, looking directly
(and horizontally) outside from the centre point of the glazed area.
o
STEP 2: Project an imaginary horizontal line 45 to the left and the right while facing directly north. This
approximately defines a winter’s day ‘sunrise to sunset’ extremes.
STEP 3: Observe the surrounding horizon line and the associated landscape, fencing, buildings and overhang
projections etc., to determine all possible items that will contribute to the window’s shading.
STEP 4: Predict the influence of the shading on the window in question, thinking of the sun’s pathway. Assign
an appropriate shading percentage, closest to the ‘None’, A little’, ‘Some’, ‘A Lot’ options.
For South orientated windows there is very little sunlight, but diffuse and ground reflected radiation provides
some useful heat and light. In this case the Assessor should estimate the percentage of window area shaded by
nearby trees and buildings. More distant hills and buildings are less important. A South facing window where
nearby trees or overhangs halves the light, will have a shading factor of ‘Some’.
Obscured glazing, i.e. privacy glazing for bathrooms, should be treated as ‘A Lot’. Solid external doors are
treated as non-glazed areas completely shaded (‘A Lot’).
74
Figure EHC6.7: Determining window shading
Thermal mass
Floor
'Thermal floor area' is floor area which is not carpeted and which is exposed to the inside.
Walls
Record the height and length of the internal walls, either measure from drawings (where available) or using a
tape measure as you move around the dwelling. Count only one side of each internal wall.
75
Ventilation
This section has simple questions that need to be answered, as follows:
Regarding to “Building wind exposure” section, “medium sheltered” means surrounded by similar sized
buildings or trees on one side and larger buildings on the other side; “medium exposed” means surrounded by
similar sized buildings or trees on two sides.
Cooling
Use the layout/floor plans or visually determine the zone in the dwelling that is most likely to overheat. This is
typically the zone or room in the dwelling that has the largest glazed area facing Southwest, West, Northwest
or North (but not always). The zone should be regularly occupied (i.e. a living area or a bedroom) and must be
2
greater than 8m . Glazed area includes the combined area of glazed sliding doors, windows etc. Then complete
the following questions in the Cooling Calculator.
Where is your residence located?
Automatically determined from the Energy Summary Tab.
What is the floor area of the zone?
Use the layout/floor plan to calculate or physically measure the floor area of the zone. If the space has a
mezzanine area, don't count the mezzanine area as well. If the zone includes several spaces, such as a
combined lounge, dining and cooking area include them all.
Which of these accurately describes the size of the glazing?
Use the elevations or visually determine the proportion/percentage of the glazing compared to the wall area.
'Medium' = where glazing is approximately 30% of wall area.
‘Large' = where glazing is about 50% wall area .
76
'Very large' = where glazing is about 70% of the wall area or greater.
During the warmer months, to what extent is the external glazing shaded between 1pm and 5pm?
Use the plans and elevations or visually determine during the warmer months, to what extent is the external
glazing shaded between 1pm and 5pm. Shading may result from geographical (i.e. skyline) features, landscape,
foliage or built-in systems. If shading results from a built-in system (whether fixed or movable), it must be
effective when the sun is low in the sky.
Can the zone be cross-ventilated in a secure way OR are there well positioned ceiling fan(s) for cooling?
Use the plans or visually determine if the zone can be cross-vented in a secure way OR if there are well
positioned ceiling fan(s) for cooling? Windows on adjacent walls count as cross ventilation. Fans need to be
directly above where occupants are likely to be positioned for the majority of the time in the zone.
Does the zone have a stud height greater than 2.8m?
Use the elevations to calculate or physically measure the average stud height.
Does the zone have an exposed concrete floor or concrete wall?
Use the plans and specifications or visually determine if the zone will have an exposed concrete floor or
concrete wall(s).
Does the zone include a working kitchen?
Use the plans or visually determine if the zone include a working kitchen.
How many people regularly occupy the zone?
This will typically be the number of bedrooms in the dwelling plus one.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Option 1: Modelling
Report containing the information / documentation as list in Appendix 2.
Option 2: ALF Calculation (Heating) and Space Cooling Calculator
ALF report, Drawings and specifications showing constructions type and relevant R-values as detailed below.
General Details
Plan showing floor area and number of bedrooms
Walls and Windows
Marked up drawings showing (i) Construction type (for both walls and windows) (ii) Widths and heights of all
walls and windows (iii) Wall insulation (iv) Orientation (v) Window shading
Roof
Marked up drawings showing (i) Construction type (ii) Widths and heights of any skylights (iii) Ceiling insulation.
Flooring
Marked up drawings showing (i) Construction type (ii) Widths and lengths of flooring (iii) Floor covering (iv) Subfloor insulation (if applicable).
Thermal Mass
77
Marked up drawings showing the different areas of floor coverings.
Airtightness
Marked up drawings or specification showing the following (i) Kitchen vents over hob (ii) Mechanical bathroom
vents (iii) Mechanical ensuite vents (iv) Window passive vents (v) Metal flued heaters.
Cooling
Elevation drawings showing (i) glazing for the zone (ii) average stud height.
Plan / specifications showing the location of (i) the working kitchen (ii) any exposed concrete floor or concrete
wall(s).
Extracts of “Overview” and “verification page” from PHPP energy modelling report showing that dwellings have
already met the design criteria of passive house.
Built Rating
Option 1: Modelling
Report containing the information / documentation as list in Appendix 2.
Option 2: ALF Calculation (Heating) and Space Cooling Calculator
ALF report, Photographs referenced to a floor plan OR Drawings and specifications showing constructions type
and relevant R-values as detailed below:
Walls and Windows
Photographs referenced to a floor plan OR Marked up drawings showing (i) Construction type (for both walls
and windows) (ii) Widths and heights of all walls and windows (iii) Wall insulation (iv) Orientation (v) Window
shading.
Roof
Photographs referenced to a floor plan OR Marked up drawings showing (i) Construction type (ii) Widths and
heights of any skylights (iii) Ceiling insulation.
Flooring
Photographs referenced to a floor plan OR Marked up drawings showing (i) Construction type (ii) Widths and
lengths of flooring (iii) Floor covering (iv) Sub-floor insulation (if applicable).
Thermal Mass
Photographs referenced to a floor plan OR Marked up drawings showing the different areas of floor coverings.
Airtightness
Photographs showing the following (i) Kitchen vents over hob (ii) Mechanical bathroom vents (iii) Mechanical
ensuite vents (iv) Window passive vents (v) Metal flued heaters.
Cooling
Photographs showing (i) glazing for the zone (ii) average stud height (iii) the ability of the room to be cross
ventilated OR the well positioned ceiling fans (iv) the working kitchen located in the zone (v) the exposed
78
concrete floor or concrete wall(s).
Passive house certificate or extracts of “Overview” and “verification page” from PHPP energy modelling report
showing that dwellings have already met the design criteria of passive house. (if not certified yet)
Additional Guidance
EHC-6 estimates the energy required to provide space heating and cooling for a particular house in a particular
o
location, based on a default heating regime of continuous (24 hour) heating to an 18 C temperature set-point
o
and cooling to a 24 C temperature set point. The calculator assumes the number of occupants is equal to the
number of bedrooms plus one.
An adjustment factor which takes into account climate severity (by dividing the country into 18 climate zones)
was provided by the EECA. Figure EHC6.8 below illustrates the various energy benchmarks that have to be met
in order to move through the various points bands for EHC-6. The energy budgets below give the minimum
amount of energy used to achieve than many points. For example if you are in Auckland and use
12kWh/annum/m2 then you will achieve 13.5 points.
Homestar Points
15.0
14.3 13.5 12.8 12.0 11.5 11.3 10.5 10.0 9.8
Location
Auckland
Bay of Plenty
Christchurch (&Canterbury)
Central Otago (& McKenzie Country)
Dunedin (&Coastal Otago)
East Coast (Gisborne)
Hamilton (&Waikato)
Invercargill (,Southland)
Manawatu
Northland
Nelson Marlborough
New Plymouth (& Taranaki)
Queenstown - Lakes
Rotorua
Taupo (King Country)
West Coast
Wairarapa
Wellington (Manawatu, Wairarapa)
9.0
8.3
7.6
7.5
6.8
6.0
5.3
4.5
3.8
3.0
2.3
1.5
0.8
64
77
179
230
195
102
102
219
119
58
114
102
223
136
155
149
155
137
75
89
208
267
226
118
118
253
138
66
132
119
258
157
180
173
180
159
87
104
242
311
263
138
138
296
161
78
154
139
301
184
210
202
210
185
103
124
287
369
312
164
164
350
191
92
182
164
357
217
249
239
249
220
126
151
350
449
380
199
199
427
232
112
222
200
435
265
303
292
304
267
165
200
426
547
449
255
269
501
285
152
282
247
519
331
376
356
369
319
204
249
501
646
517
311
338
574
337
192
342
295
603
396
449
420
434
371
254
299
551
696
567
361
388
624
387
242
392
345
653
446
499
470
484
421
Energy Budget in kwh/annum/m2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
8
18
23
19
10
10
21
12
6
11
10
22
14
15
15
15
14
10
12
27
35
29
16
16
33
18
9
17
16
33
21
23
23
23
21
14
16
37
48
40
21
21
45
25
12
24
21
46
28
32
31
32
29
16
19
44
56
48
25
25
54
29
14
28
25
54
33
38
37
38
34
17
21
48
61
52
27
27
58
32
16
31
27
59
36
41
40
41
37
21
26
59
76
64
34
34
72
39
19
38
34
74
45
52
50
52
46
25
29
67
85
73
39
39
83
45
22
43
39
83
51
58
56
58
52
26
31
72
92
78
41
41
87
48
23
46
41
89
54
62
60
62
55
31
37
85
110
93
49
49
104
57
27
54
49
106
65
74
71
74
65
36
43
100
128
109
57
57
122
66
32
64
57
124
76
87
83
87
77
41
49
113
145
124
65
65
139
75
36
72
64
141
86
99
94
98
87
42
50
116
149
126
66
66
142
77
37
74
66
145
88
101
97
101
89
49
58
135
173
146
77
77
164
89
43
85
77
168
102
117
112
117
103
56
67
155
199
169
89
89
190
104
50
99
89
193
118
135
130
135
119
Figure EHC6.8: Relationship between space heating and cooling energy use and Homestar points awarded for EHC-6
Background
A thermally well performing house is a key tenet of sustainable design. New Zealand lends itself to passive
solar design, where the climate is largely temperate, with most of the country having many hours of sunshine.
With proper design, purchased space heating and cooling loads can be reduced to zero or near zero in much of
o
o
New Zealand, with the sun and wind providing a comfortable indoor environment (of between 18 C and 24 C)
all year around. Currently, space heating in New Zealand accounts for approximately a third of the energy
requirements in houses.
For this credit, only the building composition (i.e. the thermal envelope and thermal mass) and its relationship
with the external environment are taken into consideration. The efficiency of the space heating appliances to
provide additional comfort is accounted separately within the Space Heating Credit.
As far as practically possible, the thermal algorithm behind this tool aims to be representative of the house
being assessed. Thermally examining a house design very accurately is an involved task. However, after
examining many thermal analysis programs it was decided that the BRANZ ALF tool is the most appropriate for
use in Homestar. ALF has a good correlation with dynamically generated figures and is currently used to show
compliance with the Energy Efficiency Clause H1 of the NZBC.
It should be noted that in the warmest climates of Auckland/Northland, the overall space heating energy
requirements will be very low for many very high performing passive solar houses. In these cases the relative
accuracy of the ALF calculated heating energy compared to a dynamic thermal program may be reduced.
79
In recognition of the increasing use of mechanical cooling in New Zealand homes with heat pumps/air
conditioning, Homestar has introduced a cooling component Homestar. This estimates the cooling energy load
(in kWh/yr) for the most zone at most risk of overheating in the house. This energy load is added to the
estimated space heating load (also in kWh/yr) in EHC-6, to get an overall annual space conditioning load. This
combined load is then converted to Homestar points via a (HERS-based) climate normaliser, to ensure that
houses all around NZ are fairly compared (i.e. those in the more extreme environments are not
disadvantaged).
For most standalone houses, the cooling energy load will be very little, and therefore not influence the (total)
space conditioning load significantly. It is only homes in sunny locations and multi-unit residential dwellings
which will incur significant cooling loads.
Air conditioning and mechanical cooling use significant amounts of electricity and require the dwelling to be
closed off from the outside environment to work best. A recent study from BRANZ suggests that 60% of
households with heat pumps use them for summer cooling which is creating a new and unwanted energy load
4
for New Zealand .
rd
1.
BRANZ - The Annual Loss Factor Method, A design tool for energy efficient houses, 3 Edition
www.branz.co.nz/alf
2.
Level
www.level.org.nz/passive-design
3.
Smarter Homes
www.smarterhomes.org.nz/design/
4.
Residential Heat Pumps in New Zealand
http://www.branz.co.nz/cms_show_download.php?id=89c15f9a2e2bcf992a4fa57c9e56dde138707f8
d
80
EHC-7 Moisture Control
Aim
To encourage and recognise measures that control indoor moisture levels, improve indoor environment for
occupants, reduce respiratory illnesses and the risk of mould, and to increase the durability of the dwelling.
Credit Criteria
Up to four and a half points are available where it is demonstrated that indoor moisture levels have been
managed through one or more of the four methods listed below.
(1)
Minimising potential moisture sources
1.1 points
(2)
Minimising condensation
1.6 points
(3)
Providing localised ventilation at moisture sources
1.4 points
(4)
Ensuring moisture removal on a house-wide scale
0.4 points
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Minimising Potential Moisture Sources
Review the plans and specifications or visually inspect the dwelling to determine if the following are present:
a.
Containment of overflow
In rooms that have washing/bathing fixtures, are there either overflows on all fixtures
OR is a floor waste provided?
b.
0.3 points
Eliminating ground moisture
Is there a ground cover (e.g. polythene sheeting) under any suspended timber floors?
0.4 points
N.B. Points are awarded automatically for concrete floors.
c.
Absence of unflued gas heating
Are there any unflued fixed or portable gas heaters present in the house?
d.
Showers completely enclosed
Are shower spaces completely sealed for all showers?
81
0.3 points
0.1 points
Minimising Condensation
Is the dwelling adequately insulated to discourage condensation on exterior walls, ceilings and floors? This is
based on the following requirements.
Where each segment of all walls, floors, roofs and windows meet the below requirements:
Climate Zone 1&2
Climate Zone 3
Roof
R1.5
Wall
R1.5
Floor
R1.5
R2.0 required if the floor is actively heated
Window
R 0.26
Where a dwelling has acoustic requirements then single glazing be used if the
dwelling is 100% mechanically ventilated
Roof
R1.8
Wall
R1.8
Floor
R1.8
R2.0 required if the floor is actively heated
Window
1.0 pts
Double glazed
Where a dwelling has acoustic requirements then single glazing can be used if the
dwelling is 100% mechanically ventilated
Roof
R2
Wall
R2
Floor
R2
Double glazed with thermally broken frames
Where a dwelling has acoustic requirements then single glazing with thermally
broken frames be used if the dwelling is 100% mechanically ventilated
Window
0.5 pts
1.6 pts
Note: The R-values for glazing refer to whole window R-values (glass and frame).
As condensation will occur wherever the thermal resistance is insufficient, compliance with this table cannot
be determined by an area weighted average R value, but each wall, floor and ceiling section should meet the
above minimum levels.. The calculation method of R values described in NZS 4128 and NZS4214 is acceptable
to prove compliance with this table.
Dwellings that are located in EHC-6 Climate Zone 1 (equivalent to NZBC Climate Zone 1), that have a wall
adjacent to an internal corridor (conditioned or unconditioned) may treat this wall as if it is adjacent to
another conditioned space. Therefore this wall does not need to meet the R-1.5 requirement of EHC-7. For
dwellings with concrete slabs where part of the slab is exposed to an uninsulated (unconditioned) space such
as a garage or store room, one of the following scenarios will apply. If the slab has a thermal break between
the areas exposed to the conditioned and unconditioned spaces, and there is edge insulation along the outside
edge, and then use R-value for the insulated concrete. However if either the thermal break or edge insulation
is missing, then consider the slab to have no insulation when calculating the R-value, for EHC-7. Treat waffle
pod slabs without a solid polystyrene core similarly to solid concrete slabs. For all cases consider the area
under the conditioned space only.
Providing Localised Ventilation at Moisture Sources
Review the plans and specifications or visually inspect the dwelling to determine if the following are present:
3.1
Option A: Stand alone features
a.
Is there a dedicated extraction system for the cooking hob vented to outside?
82
0.3 points
b.
Is there a dedicated extraction system for each bathroom vented to outside?
c.
Is every bathroom extraction system:
d.
0.3 points
(i) Automated to turn on without manual switching in some way (hardwired
to a light switch, humidistat, timer or passive infrared)?
0.3 points
(ii) Placed so as to adequately deal with the source of steam?
0.1 points
Do all outlet grilles from all the extraction systems have:
(i) A cover to protect the outlet grill?
0.1 points
(ii) Blades angled to deflect the rain?
0.1 points
e.
Is the clothes dryer extract ducted directly from the appliance to the outside,
not the roof space, OR is the appliance a condensing clothes dryer, OR is
there no clothes dryer in the dwelling?
0.2 points
3.2
Option B: Integrated System
Is there a centralised building ventilation system that the following areas
connect to:
a.
Cooking hob vent
0.4 points
b.
Is the clothes dryer connected to centralised duct directly extracted to the
outside OR is the appliance a condensing clothes dryer, OR is there no clothes
dryer in the dwelling.
0.2 points
c.
Bathroom extract(s)
0.4 points
d.
Is every bathroom extraction system:
(i) Automated in some way (hardwired to a light switch, humidistat, timer or
passive infrared)?
0.3 points
(ii) Placed so as to adequately deal to the source of steam?
0.1 points
Ensuring Moisture Removal on a Dwelling Wide Scale
Review the plans and specifications or visually inspect the dwelling to determine if the following:
a.
Passive option:
Is there a net openable area of windows (or other openings) to the outside
of no less than 5% of the floor area?
Are at least 90% of the openable windows/openings constructed in a way
that allows them to be secured against intruder entry while open (i.e. to at
least 10mm along one edge)?
OR
83
0.1 points
0.3 points
b.
Mechanical Option:
Is there a whole house mechanical air supply ventilation system with:
0.1 points
Externally sourced air or filtered air transferred from the roof cavity
(supply only – positive pressure)?
A heat exchanger utilising heat and relative humidity from exhaust
air (balanced pressure heat recovery)?
0.1 points
Do all outlet grilles from all the extraction systems associated with the
whole house mechanical air supply ventilation system have:
5.
A cover to protect the outlet grill?
0.1 points
6.
Blades angled to deflect the rain?
0.1 points
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing either (i) there are overflows on all fixtures OR (ii) a
floor waste.
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing either(i) a ground cover or(ii) a concrete floor.
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing if unflued gas heating is specified.
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing if the shower space is completely sealed for all
showers.
Confirmation of R-values from either (i) ALF or (ii) modelling program
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing that there is a vent for the cooking hob that is either (i)
vented to the outside or (ii) connected to centralised system.
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing that there is an extraction system for each bathroom
and that it is either (i) vented to the outside or (ii) connected to centralised system.
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing every bathroom extraction system is automated in
some way (hardwired to a light switch, humidistat, timer or passive infrared).
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing every bathroom extraction system is placed as to
adequately deal to the source of steam.
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing all outlet grilles have a (i) cover and/or (ii) blades
84
angled to deflect the rain (Option A only).
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing if a clothes dryer is specified, check that it is either (i)
vented to the outside or (ii) connected to centralised system or is a condensing type.
Ensuring Moisture Removal on a House-Wise Scale
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing that there is a net openable area of windows (or other
openings) to the outside of no less than 5% of the floor area. Or Building consent approval.
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing that at least 90% of the openable windows/openings
are constructed in a way that allows them to be secured against intruder entry while open (i.e. to at least
10mm along one edge).
OR
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing (i) that the whole house mechanical ventilation system
is either externally sourced or filtered air transferred from the roof cavity (supply only – positive pressure)
and/or (ii) showing the heat exchanger utilising heat and relative humidity from exhaust air.
Marked up drawings and/or specifications showing that all outlet grilles from all the extraction systems
associated with the whole house mechanical air supply ventilation system have a cover to (i) protect the
outlet grill and/or (ii) have blades angled to deflect the rain.
Built Rating
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing either (i) there are overflows on all fixtures OR (ii) a floor
waste.
Photograph(s) showing either(i) a ground cover or(ii) a concrete floor.
Photograph of any unflued gas heating.
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing that the shower space(s) are completely sealed for all
showers.
Confirmation of R-values from either (i) ALF or (ii) modelling program.
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing that there is a vent for the cooking hob that is either (i)
vented to the outside or (ii) connected to centralised system.
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing that there is an extraction system for each bathroom
and that it is either (i) vented to the outside or (ii) connected to centralised system.
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing every bathroom extraction system is automated in some
way (hardwired to a light switch, humidistat, timer or passive infrared).
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing every bathroom extraction system is placed as to
adequately deal to the source of steam.
85
Photographs referenced to a floor plan showing all outlet grilles have a (i) cover and/or (ii) blades angled
to deflect the rain (Option A only).
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing that if a clothes dryer is present, it is either (i) vented to
the outside or (ii) connected to centralised system or is a condensing type.
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing that there is a net openable area of windows (or other
openings) to the outside of no less than 5% of the floor area or Building Consent Approval letter.
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing that at least 90% of the openable windows/openings are
constructed in a way that allows them to be secured against intruder entry while open (i.e. to at least
10mm along one edge).
OR
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing (i) that the whole house mechanical ventilation system is
either externally sourced or filtered air transferred from the roof cavity (supply only – positive pressure)
and/or (ii) showing the heat exchanger utilising heat and relative humidity from exhaust air.
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing the heat exchanger utilising heat from exhaust air.
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing that all outlet grilles from all the extraction systems
associated with the whole house mechanical air supply ventilation system have a cover to (i) protect the
outlet grill and/or (ii) have blades angled to deflect the rain.
Built Streamlining
Indicates that Built Streamlining applies on the scorecard
Additional Guidance
The best place for an extractor fan is where it will not short circuit the airflow entering the room i.e. on the
opposite side to the source of air replacement (window or inlet grill).
The R-value is a measure of thermal resistance. R-values are given as square-metre kelvins per watt or m² °K/W
2
(or equivalently m °C/W).
A completely enclosed shower includes all sides AND top of the shower space. A shower with a door but open
at the top does not satisfy the requirement for this point.
86
Background
A 2005 BRANZ survey of the condition of New Zealand houses found:
•
•
•
•
•
Many are damp and poorly ventilated;
More than 20% had at least one dehumidifier, and without a dehumidifier, it was estimated that at
least 30% of dwellings would be damp;
Most bathrooms relied only on windows for ventilation;
Only half of kitchens vented moist air to the outside; and
40% of timber-framed houses had poor or seriously inadequate under the floor ventilation.¹
Damp dwellings are not only hard to heat but can also harm health and deteriorate the materials the dwelling
is made of. This credit provides a prioritised way of systematically examining and addressing moisture in
dwellings, starting with the most important first (minimising at source). It deals with the three key components
of good moisture management – source generation, ventilation and space heating – that ideally should be
addressed concurrently to ensure the best health outcomes.
Ventilation aids in circulating the air in your dwelling, allowing moisture and airborne pollutants to escape, and
fresh clean air to be drawn into the dwelling. Even in a well-ventilated dwelling, bathrooms, kitchens and
laundries (where a clothes dryer is present) will require extract fans to remove the moisture out of the
dwelling.
1.
Consumer Build
http://www.consumerbuild.org.nz/publish/maintenance/interior-dampness.php
2.
Smarter Homes
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/materials/insulation-materials/
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/design/ventilation/
3.
Energy Wise
http://www.energywise.govt.nz/how-to-be-energy-efficient/your-house/insulation
4.
Beacon
http://beaconpathway.co.nz/furtherresearch/article/balancing_temperature_humidity_and_ventilation
87
EHC-8 Washing Line
Homestar™ Certified Manual Version 3
EHC-8 Washing Line
Aim
To recognise and encourage the reduction in the amount of energy used to dry clothes with a tumble dryer or
similar.
Credit Criteria
Up to one point is available where it is demonstrated that adequate and suitable space is provided for the
drying of clothes. All washing lines must meet the conditions for adequate line length and suitable space (in
terms of location) as follows and must be fixed and not transportable:
Adequate line length requires a minimum of:
(1)
18m of line for each three (or more) bedroom dwelling, OR
0.3 points
12m for each one or two bedroom dwelling.
Suitable space for the washing line must be provided and comply with one of the
following options:
Up to 0.3 points
Primary Space
(2)
0.3 points are awarded for a fixed washing line that is located in an external space
where the primary use is to dry washing.
0.3 points
OR
Secondary Space
0.1 points are awarded for a washing line that is located in a space where the
secondary use is to dry washing (e.g. in a garage, workshop or similar space outside
of the dwelling’s thermal envelope).
(3)
A covered washing line will be awarded an additional 0.4 points as it will increase its
usefulness when raining (this additional 0.4 points will only be awarded when the
dwelling meets the criteria for adequate line length and suitable space as above).
0.1 points
0.4 points
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Review the plans and specifications or visually inspect the dwelling to determine that a washing line(s) is
present that meets the Credit Criteria.
A dwelling may have more than one line that can contribute to the total adequate line length. For example a
dwelling may have an external line in a primary space and another line in a garage (a secondary space). The
available line length would therefore be the total of these two spaces.
Where a dwelling has lines in both a primary and secondary space (and that total meets the adequate line
length requirement) then the full line length requirement does not need to be covered to award the 0.4 points.
88
EHC-8 Washing Line
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Marked up drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing that a compliant washing line(s) is specified.
Built Rating
Photograph(s) of the compliant washing line(s)
Built Streamlining
Background
The sun provides us with an excellent resource for drying our laundry. Not only does it save on electricity but it
has secondary health benefits of ensuring that moisture is being kept away from the internal environment
while the clothes are being naturally sterilised by the sun’s UV rays.
1.
Level
http://www.level.org.nz/wet-areas/
http://www.Homestar.org.nz/dampness
2.
Smarter Homes
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/design/moisture/
3.
Energy Wise
http://www.energywise.govt.nz/how-to-be-energy-efficient/your-house/dampness
http://www.energywise.govt.nz/how-to-be-energy-efficient/your-house/ventilation
4.
Energy Wise - Action sheet 1 - Energy saving tips for your dwelling
http://www.energywise.govt.nz/sites/all/files/action-sheet-1-energy-saving-tips-10-09.pdf
89
EHC-9 Sound Insulation
Aim
To encourage and recognise the provision of an improved sound environment protected from both internal
and external sources within the dwelling.
Credit Criteria
Option A
Up to two points are available where the dwelling achieves a number of key sound insulation features. Points
are distributed evenly for each feature.
Sound Insulation Feature for Standalone Houses
a.
Windows
80% (by count) of windows have a Sound Transmission Class (STC) of 33 or more.
b.
Mechanical
Natural
Ventilation
c.
Internal Walls
One living space or designated noisy room with a fibrous infill and double layer
plasterboard
d.
Noisy Room
Designated room (if applicable) for noisy activities such as entertainment rooms
(audit visual), music rooms, bedroom(s) and children’s play rooms. Noisy rooms must
be designated in the HUG under the ‘Key house operation information’ – ‘Energy
health and Comfort’ section
e.
Solid Core Doors
Noisy room has a solid core internal door with acoustic seals.
f.
Carpet
or
Acoustic Ceiling
Tiles
80% of liveable rooms (by count) will contain carpet or acoustic ceiling tile.
or
Mechanically ventilated OR sound insulating ventilation strips (trickle vents).
Sound Insulation Feature for Terraced houses or Apartments
a.
Windows
80% (by count) of windows have a Sound Transmission Class (STC) of 33 or more.
b.
Mechanical
Natural
Ventilation
c.
Internal Walls
One living space with a fibrous infill and double layer plasterboard
e.
Solid Core Doors
Entrance doors need to be solid core doors with acoustic seals.
f.
Carpet
or
Acoustic Ceiling
Tiles
80% of liveable rooms (by count) will contain carpet or acoustic ceiling tile.
or
Mechanically ventilated OR sound insulating ventilation strips (trickle vents).
90
g.
Adjoining walls,
floors
and
ceilings
ALL surfaces immediately adjacent to another building are or will be one of the
following:
Pre-cast concrete of at least 150 mm thickness or solid filled masonry of at least 200
mm thickness with cavity of at least 45 mm filled with fibrous insulation (not
polystyrene).
Suspected ceiling beneath timber floor with a cavity of at least 275 mm and two
layers of at least 13 mm plasterboard and acoustic fibrous insulation within timber
frame.
Double timber or steel frame with at least 2 x 10 mm standard plasterboard on both
sides.
Other system with a Sound Transmission Class (STC) of at least 58.
Option B
The dwelling meets or exceeds the recommended design sound levels as per Table 1 of AS/NZS 2107:2000.
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Option A: Sound Insulation Features
a. Windows
Review Drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually inspect to verify that the dwelling is designed to have or has 80%
(by count) of windows with a Sound Transmission Class (STC) of 33 or more. Refer to Table in Additional
Guidance section for STC ratings.
b. Mechanical or Natural Ventilation
Review Drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually inspect to verify that the dwelling is designed to be mechanically
ventilated or that the window frames incorporate sound insulating ventilation strips (trickle vents).
c. Internal Walls
Review Drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually inspect to verify that the dwelling is designed to have the
internal walls of at least one living space or designated noisy room containing a fibrous infill such as bulk sound
insulation and that these walls will be constructed of double layer plasterboard (i.e. 2 x 10mm or thicker) on
each side or a double layer of 13 mm plasterboard on at least one side.
d. Noisy Room
Review Drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually inspect to verify that the dwelling is designed to have a
designated room for noisy activities and this room is enclosed by walls on all sides. Sound insulation is only
required for the designated noisy room and to comply, the sound insulation around the noisy room must be
complete (also including the door).
e. Solid Core Door
Review Drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually inspect to verify that
For Standalone Houses:
The designated noisy room will have solid core internal doors with acoustic seals.
For Terraced houses or Apartments:
91
f. Carpet or Acoustic Ceiling Tiles
Review Drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually inspect to verify that 80% of liveable rooms (by count) contain
carpet or acoustic ceiling tile.
g. Adjoining walls, floors and ceilings
Review Drawing(s)/specification(s) to ensure that ALL surfaces immediately adjacent to another building are
one of the following:
5.
6.
7.
8.
Pre-cast concrete of at least 150 mm thickness or solid filled masonry of at least 200 mm thickness
with cavity of at least 45 mm filled with fibrous insulation (not polystyrene).
Suspected ceiling beneath timber floor with a cavity of at least 275 mm and two layers of at least 13
mm plasterboard and acoustic fibrous insulation within timber frame.
Double timber or steel frame with at least 2 x 10 mm standard plasterboard on both sides.
Option B: AS/NZS 2107:2000
Review a letter or report from an acoustic engineer to confirm that the dwelling meets the recommended
design sound levels as per Table 1 of AS/NZS 2107:2000.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Option A
a. Windows
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing that the dwelling is designed to have 80% (by count) of windows with a
Sound Transmission Class (STC) of 33 or more.
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing that the dwelling is designed to be either mechanically ventilated or that
the window frames incorporate sound insulating ventilation strips (trickle vents).
c. Internal Walls
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing that the dwelling is designed to have internal walls of at least one living
space or designated noisy room containing a fibrous infill such as bulk sound insulation and that these walls
will be constructed of double layer plasterboard (i.e. 2 x 10mm or thicker) on each side or a double layer of 13
mm plasterboard on at least one side.
d. Noisy Room (if applicable)
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing that the dwelling is designed to ensure that there are designated rooms
for noisy activities and these rooms are enclosed by walls on all sides.
e. Solid Core Door
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing that
The designated noisy rooms will have solid core internal doors with acoustic seals.
92
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing that 80% of liveable rooms (by count) will contain carpet or acoustic
ceiling tile.
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing ALL surfaces immediately adjacent to another building are one of the
following:
•
•
•
•
Option B
Letter or report from acoustic engineer detailing the design sound criteria that have been met.
Built Rating
Option A
a. Windows
Drawing(s)/specification(s) or invoices showing that the dwelling has 80% (by count) of windows with a Sound
Transmission Class (STC) of 33 or more.
Photographs showing that the dwelling is either mechanically ventilated or that the window frames
incorporate sound insulating ventilation strips (trickle vents).
c. Internal Walls
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing that the dwelling has internal walls of at least one living space or
designated noisy room containing a fibrous infill such as bulk sound insulation and that these walls are
constructed with double layer plasterboard (i.e. 2 x 10mm or thicker) on each side or a double layer of 13 mm
plasterboard on at least one side.
d. Noisy Room (if applicable)
Photograph showing that the dwelling has a designated room for noisy activities and that this room is
enclosed by walls on all sides.
Extract from HUG showing the location of the noisy room is clearly stated
e. Solid Core Door
Photograph showing that
93
The designated noisy room has solid core internal doors with acoustic seals.
Photograph(s) referenced to a floor plan showing that 80% of liveable rooms (by count) will contain carpet or
acoustic ceiling tile.
Drawing(s)/specification(s) showing ALL surfaces immediately adjacent to another building are one of the
following:
•
•
•
•
Option B
Letter or report from Acoustic Engineer detailing the design sound criteria that have been met.
Built Streamlining
Additional Guidance
Sound Transmission Class (STC) is a rating of the transmission loss of airborne sound through a building
element. The NZBC requirement is for an STC of at least 55 for intertenancy walls, however this is considered
to be a minimum and will not be deemed satisfactory for many occupants.
Table EHC-9.1: Sound transmission class for a variety of glazing types and configurations
Sound
Transmission
Class (STC)
Glass type
4mm clear glass
29
6mm clear glass
31
8mm clear glass
33
10 mm clear glass
35
15 mm clear glass
38
6.38 mm standard laminate
33
6.76mm thick-laminate
34
8.76mm thick-laminate
35
12.76 mm thick-laminate
38
94
7mm acoustic-laminate
36
9 mm acoustic-laminate
37
4/12/4 Standard IGU
30
5/12/5 Standard IGU
32
6/12/6 Standard-Laminated IGU
34
7/12/6 acoustic-laminated IGU
38
10/12/8.76 acoustic-laminated IGU
42
Table EHC-9.2 - Table 1 of AS/NZS 2107:2000
Type of Occupancy
Recommended
level
design
sound
Satisfactory
Maximum
Houses in areas with negligible transportation:
9.
Sleeping areas
25
30
10. Living areas
30
40
11. Sleeping areas
30
35
12. Work areas
35
40
13. Apartment common areas (eg foyer, lift
lobby)
45
55
14. Living areas
35
45
15. Sleeping areas
30
40
16. Work areas
17. Apartment common areas (eg foyer, lift
lobby)
35
45
45
55
Houses and apartments near minor roads:
Houses and apartments near major roads
Background
Internal noise within a dwelling is a significant factor in terms of occupant health and wellbeing. It can have
major negative impacts such as: hearing loss, stress related somatic and psychological effects, as well as
impairing cognition. Internal noise has also been recognised as a health hazard by the World Health
Organisation (WHO).
The purpose of this credit is to recognise dwellings with internal spaces that are protected from both internal
and external noise. These conditions are dependent on the dwelling’s internal and external attributes that
reduce the propagation of sound. Improving the sound insulation of a dwelling will reduce the negative
impacts of noise on the owners and allow them to further enjoy their dwelling.
1.
World Health Organisation
http://www.who.int/en/
95
EHC-10 Inclusive Design
Aim
To encourage and recognise dwellings that are inclusive, usable, accessible and easily adaptable to meet the
changing needs of current and future occupants.
Credit Criteria
A maximum of three points are available for this credit. Points are awarded by adopting specific features as
outlined in accessibility design checklist or by obtaining a 5-star Lifemark certification:
Compliance Pathway
Homestar Points
Accessibility Checklist Level 1
1 point
Accessibility Checklist level 2
2 points
5 Star Lifemark Certification
3 points
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Use the accessibility design checklist to verify that the design will achieve the appropriate level of accessibility
or achieve a certified 5-star Lifemark rating.
For 1 or 2 points use the accessibility design checklist level 1 or level 2 to verify that the design will achieve the
appropriate accessibility requirements. For 3 points, 5-star Lifemark certification must be obtained.
For a Design Rating, it is the responsibility of the Assessor to check that design details such as dimensions,
clearances, surfaces etc. are clearly identified in either the house specification and/or floor plan.
Audit Documentation
Design and Built Rating
To achieve 1 point, the design must comply with the following table (Accessibility Design Checklist Level 1)
Key Area
Required Feature
Paths from the car parking space to the dwelling are slip resistant, gentle sloping and at
least 1200mm wide.
Entrance
An entrance door shall have a maximum threshold of 20mm
Doors have a minimum clear opening of 810 mm (door leaf of 860 mm).
Kitchen
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All appliances are placed at least 300mm from a corner.
Dining and cooking areas are located next to each other.
Lever handles required on all doors.
Living Room
PowerPoints, TV, phone and computer outlets are a minimum of 300mm above the finished
floor
A bedroom located on the entry level of the home.
Bedroom
Light switches and door handles are aligned, at between 900 to 1200 above the finished
floor
A toilet is located on the entry level
Bathroom
This toilet shall have provisions for a future clear transfer space of 800mm beside and/or in
front of the toilet, this space can include a vanity which extends a minimum of 400mm from
the back wall.
The bathroom walls are reinforced to provide a fixing surface for grab rails
Multi-Storey
Dwelling
Stairwells shall provide a minimum clear width of 900mm
To achieve 2 points, the design must comply with the following table (Accessibility Design Checklist Level 2)
Key Area
Required Feature
Mandatory
All requirements for 1 point
The entry area is undercover and is slip resistant.
Entrance
The main entry door has no step higher than 20mm.
The entry hallway and other internal hallways are at least 1050mm wide.
At least one car parking space that can be widened to 3500mm.
Kitchen
Minimum distance between two kitchen benches (e.g. an island bench and a bench
attached to a wall) is 1200mm.
Living Room
No additional requirements at this level.
97
Bedroom
Bathroom
Space and plumbing for an entry level shower (installed either now or in the future) with a
minimum dimension of 1200mm x 1200mm.
Multi-Storey
Dwelling
3 Points
5 star Lifemark© certification
Additional Guidance
The Accessibility Design Checklists corresponding to 1 and 2 points have been developed based on industry
benchmarks and existing accessibility standards. To achieve points, the design must include all of the features
on the relevant table.
Of the three levels of achievement in this credit, the highest is the Lifemark© certification. The Lifemark 5-Star
rating system provides consumers with information about adaptability, safety and ease of use. The 5 Star
rating is achieved when virtually all features are in place and the accumulated points reflect this level of
performance.
Background
Lifemark was developed in response to the growing demand for dwelling that works for people as our needs
change. By 2061, life expectancy at birth will have increased by about six years and the 65+ age group is
predicted to account for 27% of the population. Disability rates will increase with age and this means New
Zealand will have many more people with sensory impairments and mobility issues as they grow older.
Unfortunately, the design of most New Zealand houses does not yet take into account this dramatic shift in
demographics. Currently around 45% of older people have a disability and it is estimated that between 45-50%
of disabled adults live in dwellings that are not modified for their needs. Attitudes are changing and New
Zealanders are beginning to demand dwellings that are accessible to all people.
The aim of this credit is to make dwellings fit around people, rather than the current practice of making people
fit around their dwellings. By allowing the dwelling to easily change over time according to the dwelling
owner’s needs, they become welcoming to everyone. This makes the approach well suited for dwellings where
there may be many different needs to meet, such as those of multi-generational households, those with
permanently or temporarily disabled inhabitants, those who are already elderly, and those who simply plan to
live in their own dwelling into their old age.
It is realised that this credit, by its nature, is more applicable to new design, where changes can be made
comparatively far easier than the existing dwellings which are fixed in critical areas.
98
1.
Lifemark
http://www.lifemark.co.nz/home.aspx
99
Aim
To encourage and recognise dwellings that provide good levels of natural light for occupants.
Credit Criteria
Two points are available for this credit as where there is:
(1)
An average daylight factor of no less than 1.5% for living areas and bedrooms, OR
(2)
Window areas in external walls are no less than 20% of the floor areas for living areas and bedrooms.
as measured at the floor level under an overcast sky.
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Compliance with the Credit Criteria (1) can be shown by computer modelling, by using the manual calculation
method or by physical measurements.
Manual Calculation Method
To use the manual calculation method there must be neglible overshadowing of glazed areas and separate
calculation must be provided for each of the kitchens and living areas.
The equation below is a simplified method that calculates the Average Daylight Factor (ADF) for a rectangular
room whose depth is less than 2.5 times the window head height, under an overcast sky.
ADF =
VT x angle of sky visible x area of glass
2 x Total Surface Area x (1-LR average)
where:
VT: is the visible transmittance of the glazing. Visible Transmittance data is available from window suppliers.
Angle of Sky: is the vertical angle between the lowest and highest points of the sky that are visible from the
centre of the window. For a vertical window, this value will be between 0 and 90 degrees.
Total surface area: is the total area of interior surfaces (walls, floor, ceiling and doors.)
Area of glass: (not including frame) is approximately 80 percent of the overall window size.
LR Average: is the area-weighted average of the interior surfaces. Calculated by:
Wall Area x Wall Reflectance
Total Surface Area
+
Floor area x floor Reflectance
Total Surface Area
100
+
. . . etc.
Computer Modelling Compliance Method
If the modelling compliance method is being used on a project, then the Homestar Assessor must review
outputs of the daylight model to confirm the following:
•
Modelling software used to calculate the Daylight Factors
•
Weather file used to calculate the Daylight Factors where Climate Based Daylight Modelling is used
•
Values of reflectance and transmittance used for each relevant material/glazing
•
Uniform Design Sky or CIE Standard Overcast Sky used for the daylight model
•
Output from the daylight modelling showing the Daylight Factors for living spaces and bedrooms
Acceptable software includes but is not limited to: Radiance, Daysim, IESVE, Dialux. Recommended daylighting
simulation tools list could be found here: http://thedaylightsite.com/library-3/links/simulation-tools-2/.
Physical Measurements
For a Built Rating it is possible to physically measure the natural light. If this compliance path is being taken
then the following measurement protocol is to be followed:
Measurements using a lux meter can only be taken on an overcast day and when the outdoor illuminance is no
greater than 10,000 lux, internal and external measurements need to be taken at exact the same time. To
determine the outdoor illuminance, the sky needs to be completely visible with no obstructers nearby (no less
than 10m to the obstruction that is less than 5m in height). If the outside lux measurement is less than
10,000lux then internal measurements can be taken to demonstrate compliance with the Credit Criteria.
For each room being measured, a minimum of 5 measurements are to be taken and the results averaged. A
measurement is to be taken in each corner of the room, 1m out from the wall at floor level and then a final
measurement in the centre of the room.
Reflectance
The ratio of the flux reflected from a surface to the flux incident on it.
Note:
1.
2.
3.
Reflectance calculation for walls doesn’t include windows.
Where the exact materials are not yet specified. Actual reflectance must be used when specific
materials have been selected.
All apartments are required to use the high reflectance.
Point Calculations
All software calculates Daylight Factor at points on a plan. Some systems calculate the Daylight Factor for an
almost infinite number of points, providing very accurate results. Other modelling programs request the user
to identify the points matrix on the floor plan.
The Daylight Factor must be calculated for at least one point for each square metre of floor area. A maximum
1m² grid must be overlaid over the floor plan to determine these points and at all perimeters, each 1m² must
begin at the façade. Daylight Factor is then calculated in the centre point for each box in the grid.
101
Overshadowing
Overshadowing must be taken into account. A nearby building or feature (such as a retaining wall or fence)
must be accounted for in overshadowing.
Overcast Sky
a recognised and validated overcast design sky model with an illuminance of 10,000lux is to be used and for
physical measurements, a uniform overcast sky with an illuminance of 10,000lux or less.
Standard Year
For the purposes of determining natural lighting, the hours between 8 am and 5 pm each day with an
allowance being made for daylight saving.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
For dwellings comply with credit criteria 1
Manual calculations describing the calculation method used and stating all assumptions made.
Modelling Compliance Method
Summary of outputs from the model stating (i) modelling software used (ii) brief description of the building
model including values of reflectance and transmittance used (iii) description of the design sky used (iv) floor
plan showing the daylight factors achieved in living areas and bedrooms.
Calculation or drawings which demonstrate that window areas in external walls are no less than 20% of the
floor areas for living areas and bedrooms.
Built Rating
Manual calculations describing the calculation method used and stating all assumptions made
Modelling Compliance Method
Summary of outputs from the model stating (i) modelling software used (ii) brief description of the building
model including values of reflectance and transmittance used (iii) description of the design sky used (iv) floor
plan showing the daylight factors achieved in living areas and bedrooms.
Physical Measurements
Physical measurements results of daylight illuminance.
102
Calculation or drawings which demonstrate that window areas in external walls are no less than 20% of the
floor areas for living areas and bedrooms.
Built Streamlining
Background
The sun has been used for centuries to light building interiors during the day however many dwellings today
place greater importance on artificial lighting rather than on natural daylight. This is especially true in multiunit developments.
Unfortunately studies are now starting to show that the increased reliance on artificial lighting is having a
detrimental impact on occupant health and wellbeing. These studies also show that the introduction of natural
light into building interiors can offer substantial energy savings and at the same time improve the well-being of
occupants.
1.
NZS 1680.1-2006 Interior Lighting - General Principles and Recommendations
www.standards.co.nz
2.
International Energy Agency Daylighting in Buildings, IEA 2000
www.iea.org
3.
CIBSE (Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, U.K.) Daylighting and Window Design,
CIBSE 1999
www.cibse.org
4.
Baker, Nick and Koen Steemers, Daylighting Design of Buildings, James and James 2002.
103
Water
104
Aim
To encourage and recognise both the collection and use of rainwater in and around the dwelling, thereby
reducing the amount of mains supplied potable water used and reducing stormwater runoff from the site.
Credit Criteria
Up to six points are available for dwellings which reduce the consumption of potable water in and around the
dwelling through the collection and use of rainwater. A Water calculator is used to estimate the ability of the
dwelling to undertake:
Up to 3 points
Rainwater Reuse
Up to 3 points
Up to three points are awarded where the rainwater system meets minimum requirements. Points are
distributed based on the overall capacity of the rainwater harvesting system to offset a percentage of the
dwelling’s water demand in accordance with the Water Calculator.
Option A
As a minimum, the following must be met:
•
(1)
•
•
•
The rainwater harvesting system must be implemented onsite to collect rainwater for use in
and/or around the dwelling;
The rainwater tank volume must be greater than 500 L (standalone and terraced houses only);
The tank must be connected (via guttering and downpipes etc.) to a roof catchment of at least
2;
30m (standalone and terraced houses only); and
The rainwater harvesting system must be fitted with suitable fixtures to allow the rainwater to
be used outdoors e.g. tap (standalone and terraced houses) or to common areas requiring
water (multi-unit developments).
AND
The dwelling’s rainwater harvesting system offsets:
(2)
0.5 points
•
Less than 15% of the dwelling’s water demand
•
15 – 24% of the dwelling’s water demand
1.0 point
•
1.5 points
•
2.0 points
•
2.5 points
•
55% or more of the dwelling’s water demand.
3.0 points
Option B (only applies to apartments)
105
(1)
Where 70% of the common area water demand is offset by rainwater harvesting, OR
0.5 points
(2)
Where 90% of the common area water demand is offset by rainwater harvesting
1.0 point
Rainwater Reuse
Up to three additional points are awarded where the rainwater harvesting system is plumbed for use within
the dwelling and the rainwater harvesting system can meet the water demand of the uses it is plumbed to. The
Water Calculator will automatically determine the percentage of water demand the rainwater harvesting
system can satisfy and will pro-rata points accordingly.
Points are awarded as follows:
(1)
Where rainwater is plumbed to a minimum of one toilet OR laundry facilities inside the
dwelling, OR
Up to 1.0 point
(2)
Where rainwater is plumbed to a minimum of one toilet AND laundry facilities inside
the dwelling, OR
Up to 2.0
points
(3)
Where rainwater is plumbed to a minimum of one toilet AND laundry facilities AND the
hot water system inside the dwelling.
Up to 3.0
points
Data Entry
Use WAT-1 water tab and scorecard tab.
Assessment
Water Calculator
The Water Calculator is used to determine how many points can be awarded for rainwater harvesting and
rainwater use. The Water Calculator requires the following inputs:
Building type
Select from Standalone, Terraced or Multi-unit
Location
Choose the appropriate location from the dropdown box
Number of bedrooms in dwelling being assessed
Automatically copied across from the Energy Summary Tab.
Total number of bedrooms in building connected to the rainwater tank
In multi-unit developments many dwellings may be connected to the same rainwater tank. To allow the Water
Calculator to apportion the tank size to the dwelling being assessed the total number of bedrooms in the
building needs to be inputted.
Rain water tank size (L)
Either review the specifications or drawings of the rainwater harvesting system to ascertain the volume of
rainwater tank(s) or physically measure the relevant dimensions of the rainwater tank and calculate its volume.
Apportioned tank Size (L)
The Water Calculator will automatically calculate this figure using the formula
106
Tank size * (number of bedrooms in dwelling / number of bedrooms in building)
2
Roof catchment area (m )
Either review the specifications or drawings of the rainwater harvesting system to verify the plan area of roof
catchment or physically measure the dimensions of the roof catchment area taking particular note of the
connections into the rainwater tank (to ensure that the correctly measured roof area is appropriately
connected).
2
Apportioned roof catchment (m )
The Rainwater Calculator will automatically calculate this figure using the formula
Roof area * (number of bedrooms in dwelling / number of bedrooms in building)
Run off co-efficient
The Rainwater Calculator uses the compliance document for NZ Building Code Clause E1 Table 1 and Table 2
(see below) to determine the runoff coefficient of the roof. Table WAT1.1 is the suggested coefficients based
on roof type and Table WAT1.2 is how to adjust these coefficients based on roof slope angles.
First of all select the type of roof and appropriate run-off coefficient from Table WAT1.1. This figure then needs
to be adjusted by multiplying it by the adjustment figure in Table WAT1.2 for the roof slope angle.
Table WAT1.1: Run off coefficients
Roof Type
Fully roofed and/or seal development
Steel and non-absorbent roof surfaces
Near flat and slightly absorbent
roof surfaces
Run-off Coefficient
0.9
0.9
0.8
Table WAT1.2: slope correction for Run-off coefficients
Roof slope angle
0-5%
5-10%
10-20%
20% or steeper
Adjust run-off coefficient by
subtracting 0.05
no adjustment
adding 0.05
adding 0.10
Rainwater uses
Select which water uses within the dwelling are connected to the rainwater tank by ticking the tickboxes in the
Water Calculator. If available, review specifications or drawings of the rainwater harvesting system to verify
the level of connectivity of the rainwater harvesting system for various uses within the dwelling. Otherwise for
Built Ratings, visually trace the plumbing from the rainwater tank to its end use within the dwelling.
Alternatively, check the end use (e.g. toilets) by using water and listening for any pump activity from the
rainwater harvesting system. Where the Homestar Assessor cannot be relatively certain of the rainwater tank
connection to the point of use, the tickbox cannot be selected.
Common area water demand
For multi-unit developments the grey boxes in the water use table needs to be completed with the monthly
common area water demand.
Ability to collect rainwater
The Water Calculator uses rainfall data from NIWA to determine how much rainwater is available in locations
around the country. The calculator uses the following formula to determine how much rainwater is available to
collect each month:
2
Apportioned roof catchment (m ) * runoff coefficient * monthly rainfall (mm)
107
Rainwater Use
The Water Calculator assumes a benchmark daily water usage rate of 200L per person. This figure is based on
the average for cities with metering and volumetric charging from the Beacon Pathways report ‘Best Practice
Water Efficiency Policy and regulation (Lawton et al. 2008) Table 2 page 42 (please refer to Appendix 3). This
figure is then split by percentage into the different water uses in a dwelling using figures from the BRANZ study
‘Auckland Water Use Study – Monitoring of Residential Water End Uses’.
Based on the selections of the Assessor in terms of the dwelling’s rainwater use the Water Calculator
determines the total rainwater demand of the dwelling, based on the above benchmark’s.
Should it be preferable to use a different benchmark per person water use figure, this is acceptable as long as
this figure is supported by confirming documentation.
Capacity check
In the capacity check section the Water Calculator checks if the provided rainwater system has the ability to
meet the demands of the dwelling on a month by month basis. If in any month the provided system is not able
to meet the demands of the dwelling the Water Calculator automatically down rates the % of demand met and
therefore the number of points awarded.
Where the dwelling does not have a rainwater harvesting system or the minimum requirements have not been
met, zero points are awarded for this Credit.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) that detail (i) the collection of rainwater, (ii) dimensions of the rainwater
tank (iii) fixtures which will be fitted to the rainwater harvesting system.
Where a different per person/per day water benchmark has been used:
Supporting documentation such as water modelling, peer reviewed usage studies, 12 months of metering data
confirming the benchmark.
Where rainwater harvesting is used to supply common area water demand:
Calculations specifying the total common area water demand for the site.
Built Rating
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) that detail the collection of rainwater, dimensions of the rainwater tank and
fixtures which will be fitted to the rainwater harvesting system (if available).
Photograph of the rainwater tank and its connection to the roof (where possible).
Where a different per person/per day water benchmark has been used:
Supporting documentation such as water modelling, peer reviewed usage studies, 12 months of metering data
confirming the benchmark.
Where rainwater harvesting is used to supply common area water demand:
Calculations specifying the total common area water demand for the site.
108
Built Streamlining
Background
Only 3% of water delivered to dwellings at a potable standard is actually used for drinking. The remainder is
1
employed for domestic purposes such as flushing toilets and watering gardens .
Reducing water demand through harvesting rainwater also lowers costs to the community for water treatment
and pumping; reducing the consumption of potable water and using water more efficiently has both
2
environmental and economic benefits .
Rainwater can be used for a variety of purposes around the dwelling and garden – the greater the number of
uses, the bigger the reduction in potable water use. When plumbed into the dwelling it can also be used for
washing clothes, flushing toilets and – if it is properly treated or purified – for drinking and other household
3
uses such as hot water and showering .
The size of the rainwater tank and the overall catchment area of the roof determine how much water can be
accessed and stored for use in and around the dwelling. Even a 1,000 litre tank can make a substantial
difference to a household’s water demand requirements. Having an alternate source of water on site also
provides the dwelling with resilience in times of civic emergency.
The purpose of this Credit is to encourage rainwater collection for the dwelling. The collection and use of
rainwater in and around the dwelling will reduce the dwelling’s dependency on mains potable water as well
reducing the amount of stormwater leaving the site.
1.
The need to save water
http://www.beaconpathway.co.nz/further-research/article/the_need_to_save_water
2.
Ministry for the Environment
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/water/wels-scheme/index.html
3.
Collecting and using rainwater
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/water/collecting-and-using-rainwater/
4.
Rainwater Systems
http://www.level.org.nz/water/water-supply/mains-or-rainwater/harvesting-rainwater/
109
WAT-2 Internal Potable Water Use
Aim
To encourage and recognise the reduction of potable water consumption in the dwelling through the use of
water efficient fittings and appliances.
Credit Criteria
Up to six points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the fixtures/fittings and appliances within the
dwelling meet the flow rates associated with the relevant WELS (Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme) star.
Points are awarded as per the following categories:
(1) Showers
0 points
0.5 points
1.5 points
WELS Star Rating
1 Star
2 Star
3 Star
Flow Rates (L/min)
≤ 16
≤ 12
≤9
(2) Lavatory equipment
0.3 points
1 point
1.5 points
WELS Star Rating
3 Star
4 Star
4.5 or more Star
Flow Rates (L/flush)
6.0 L closet pans with
matching 6/3 L
cisterns.
4.5 L closet pans with
matching 4.5/3 L
cisterns.
Avg. flush volume not
more than 2.5 L/flush.
Avg. flush volume
more than 3.5 but not
Avg. flush volume
more than 3.0 but not
AND
Council approved
composting toilets
achieve 1.5 points.
Notes: For dual flush toilets, flow rates are to be calculated from the average of 4 half flushes and one full
flush. Points can then be awarded based on the information in this table.
AND
(3) Clothes washing machine
0.3 points
0.6 points
1.5 points
WELS Star Rating
3 Star
4 Star
5 and 6 Star
Flow Rates (L/wash)
Variable based
model type.
on
Variable based
model type.
on
Variable based
model type.
on
Notes:
1.
2.
Clothes washing machines without WELS ratings will be awarded 0.3 points provided they are less
than three years old.
Where a clothes washing machine is not provided in the dwelling, the points will be deemed Not
Applicable.
AND
(4) Main kitchen sink and main
bathroom hand-basin taps
0.3 points
0.6 points
1 point
WELS Star Rating
4 Star
5 Star
6 Star
110
Flow Rates (L/min)
≤ 7.5
≤6
≤ 4.5
AND
(5) Dishwashers
0.2 points
0.3 points
0.5 points
WELS Star Rating
3 Star
4 Star
5 and 6 Star
Flow Rates (L/wash)
Variable based
model type.
on
Variable based
model type.
on
Variable based
model type.
on
Notes:
•
•
Dishwashers with unknown WELS ratings will be allowed 0.2 points provided they are less than 3
years old.
Where a dishwasher is not provided in the dwelling, the points will be deemed Not Applicable.
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
For a Design Rating specific products may be chosen as part of the design. In this case the Assessor should sight
evidence of the WELS rating of the specified product. If no specific products are referenced the WELS Rating of
the required fixture and/or fitting must be clearly stated in the design documentation.
For a Built Rating the Homestar Assessor will begin onsite by collecting any available product sheets or labels
displaying a WELS rating for all showers, lavatory equipment, clothes washing machines, taps and dishwashers
within the dwelling.
Where New Zealand WELS ratings are not known, product sheets/labels displaying an Australian WELS rating
will also be accepted. If the owner is able to provide manufacturer’s specifications which display the
appropriate flowrates which can be assessed against the Credit Criteria, this will also be accepted.
Where the owner does not have product sheets displaying the WELS Rating for showers or taps, the flow rates
associated with these items must be measured by the Homestar Assessor. Points can then be awarded based
on the flow rate information within the relevant tables of the Credit Criteria. Where flow restrictors have been
installed on taps or showers, this is acceptable and these fittings are to be measured.
For all fixtures, fittings and appliances, the piece of equipment with the highest flow rate (or lowest WELS
rating) per category are to be used when measuring and awarding points. Only one point allocation can be
awarded per equipment category. The points from each equipment category are to be summed to gain the
total points achieved for the Credit.
Where, in the individual equipment categories, the Homestar Assessor is unable to verify the flow rate / WELS
rating using any of the methodologies outlined above, no points can be awarded in that equipment category.
Measuring flow rates
In all cases the worst performing (highest use) fixture/fitting or appliance should be the basis of assessment in
each equipment category and fittings should be measured as follows:
Showers
The Homestar Assessor should measure using a bucket or similar device with measuring lines in litres to hold
water and a suitable timing device. Turn the tap or shower mixer on to its maximum capacity, achieve a
suitable average showering temperature and run the water into a bucket for 15 seconds. Measure how much
water is in the bucket then multiply this figure by four to get the flow rate in litres per minute (L/min).
111
Taps
The Homestar Assessor should use a similar methodology to shower measurement, utilising a collection device
and timer to measure water flow rate in litres per minute(L/min).
Lavatory equipment, clothes washing machines or dishwashers
In situations where WELS ratings are unknown the following should be noted: Many existing dwellings will
have a mix of different toilet types. Standard single flush toilets only have a single button to flush and are
awarded zero points. Dual style flush devices are obvious by the flush mechanism, having two buttons
compared to a single one for a single flush. New dual style flush toilets have smaller cisterns and in some
cases, smaller pans. Flush volumes are sometimes recorded on the toilet cistern, or inside the unit.
Where there are no product sheets/labels displaying the WELS Rating for lavatory equipment, clothes washing
machines or dishwashers, the flow rates associated with these items are not to be measured. Points may only
be awarded in this situation where the evidence can be provided that clothes washing machines or
dishwashers are less than three years old or where the appliance is featured on the relevant WELS online
product database.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Drawing(s) and/or specification that details the make and model number and has the WELS rating clearly
identified. Or if make and model number is not yet known, the required WELS rating.
Built Rating
Photograph(s) of fixture/fitting/appliance displaying a WELS rating.
OR
Print out of product sheet from the electronic database or relevant screen shot of database information.
For new dishwashers and clothes washing machines: photos of dated purchase receipts for clothes washing
machines and dishwashers.
For taps and showers: brief summary, which identifies which (if any) showers or taps were measured and their
flow rates.
Additional Guidance
Water source
This Credit is assessed independently of how water is supplied. The source of the water is not considered
relevant as all water systems (rainwater, greywater, bore, mains etc.) have differing negative environmental
impacts including electricity consumption for pumping, purification and the resulting need for wastewater
treatment.
Background
1
The average family of four in New Zealand uses 720 litres of water every day . It’s important not to waste
water, particularly in parts of the country that experience periodic water shortages. Reducing water demand
112
also lowers costs to the community for water treatment and pumping; reducing the consumption of potable
2
water and using water more efficiently has both environmental and economic benefits .
According to Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA) figures, around 80% of a household’s hot
water is used in showers and one-third of their water is used to flush the toilet. Many older style water
fixtures/fittings, dishwashers and clothes washing machines use more water than they need to, which means
wasted energy, water and money.
The New Zealand Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS) provides information and helps consumers when
buying products to choose those that use less water but still provide a satisfactory level of quality and
performance. Like the energy efficiency labels seen on appliances such as fridges, the WELS label shows how
water-efficient a product is compared to other similar products. New dishwashers and washing machines will
2
display a combined energy/WELS label because they use both energy and water .
The purpose of this Credit is to encourage owners and developers to install water efficient fixtures/fittings,
dishwashers and clothes washing machines. The use of more efficient fixtures/fittings and appliances helps to
minimise the overall water consumption of the dwelling as well as reducing the amount of wastewater
generated.
1.
2.
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority
http://www.eeca.govt.nz/
3.
Efficiencies of New Products
http://www.waterrating.gov.au/
4.
Reducing Water Flow
www.smarterhomes.org.nz/water/reducing-water-flow/
5.
Minimising Water Use
http://www.level.org.nz/water/water-supply/
6.
WELS
7.
WELS Online Product Database
https://apps5a.ris.environment.gov.au/wels-public/search-product-select-load.do
113
WAT-3 Greywater Reuse
Aim
To encourage and recognise the re-use of greywater in and around the dwelling, thereby reducing the amount
of mains potable water used and reducing the amount of wastewater generated.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are available for this credit, points are awarded as follows:
Council Approved Greywater System
1.5 points are awarded as follows:
(1)
For the provision of a council approved greywater reuse system.
1.5 points
Greywater use within the dwelling
A further 1.5 points are awarded in relation to the use of the greywater in and around the dwelling as follows:
(1)
Where the council approved greywater system is connected to an ‘in-ground’ sub
surface outdoor irrigation system.
0.5 points
(2)
Where the council approved greywater system is connected to a minimum of one
toilet.
0.5 points
(3)
Where the council approved greywater system is connected to a second toilet or other
use (e.g. clothes washing machine).
0.5 points
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Confirm that the specified system is approved for use by the relevant local council. Where the dwelling does
not have a council approved greywater system, no points are awarded for this Credit.
Audit Documentation
Documentation that shows the relevant system details including tank, connection points or approved building
consent evidences.
114
Additional Guidance
As a guide for design/installation, greywater systems should include the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Greywater should be plumbed separately from other wastewater;
The surge tank drainpipe and the overflow gravity drainpipe should be permanently connected to the
sewer line or septic tank and both should be of a greater diameter than the inlet pipe;
The filter system should be easy to clean and maintain for the owner;
Any fixed irrigation system should be underground and designed to deliver an appropriate level of
irrigation for the site;
All appropriate local authority consents (where applicable) shall be in place and available for
inspection;
All internal plumbing and drainage should meet the requirements of the NZBC Clause G13 (Foul
Water);
Where it is possible for water or contaminants to flow back into a piped potable water supply,
backflow prevention should be provided in accordance with NZBC G12/AS1;
When treated greywater is piped within a house, all pipework and outlets should be identified with a
‘Non potable water’ sign in accordance with NZBC G12/AS1;
Where greywater is used for irrigation it should be filtered; and
Where greywater is used for flushing toilets and laundry it should be treated and disinfected to
minimise growth of micro-organisms in the cistern.
Background
The purpose of this Credit is to encourage the reuse of greywater in and around the dwelling which has the
dual benefit of saving water and reducing wastewater discharges. According to the Ministry for the
Environment (MfE), wastewater is the biggest waste by volume in New Zealand. Approximately 1.5 billion litres
1
of domestic wastewater is discharged into the environment daily .
Greywater is the wastewater from the shower, bath, washing machine and taps (not including the kitchen).
Just over half of the water used in the dwelling ends up as greywater (so for a typical household this is about
2
100 – 200 litres of greywater produced per person per day) . In dwellings without greywater systems, this
water ends up in the sewerage system. Greywater systems collect this wastewater, filter and/or treat it, and
use it in the garden through controlled irrigation systems or for selected uses back in the dwelling, such as
flushing toilets. Re-using greywater instead of sending it down the drain, can save water, reduce wastewater
charges and cut down on demand for water supplies in the local area.
1.
Wastewater
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/waste/wastewater/
2.
Greywater Recycling
http://www.level.org.nz/water/wastewater/on-site-wastewater-treatment/
3.
Re-using Greywater
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/water/re-using-greywater/
115
Waste
116
WST-2 Construction Waste Reduction
WST-1 Construction Waste Management
Aim
To encourage and recognise effective waste management practices by having a waste management plan in
place during construction and/or major refurbishment.
Credit Criteria
Three points are awarded where the following can be demonstrated during construction and/or refurbishment
of the dwelling:
(1)
A Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) has been implemented and adhered to in
accordance with Resource Efficiency in Building Related Industries (REBRI) guidelines,
as well as site waste having been monitored through the whole of the
construction/refurbishment project period.
3.0 points
(2)
This credit is deemed Not Applicable for dwellings that have been in existence for
more than two years (from the date of assessment) and have not undergone major
refurbishment within the past two years (from the date of assessment).
N/A
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
This Credit is only applicable to dwellings built within the previous two years (from the date of assessment)
and existing dwellings that have undergone major refurbishment within the last two years (from the date of
assessment).
Check that the SWMP is in accordance with the REBRI guidelines (see Additional Guidance).
For the purposes of this Credit, a waste contractor may provide a SWMP where they have ensured it has been
adhered to onsite.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
SWMP OR where a SWMP has not yet been written, an extract from either the building contract or tender
documentation (i.e. specification extract) that requires that a SWMP must be developed in accordance with the
REBRI guidelines.
Built Rating
SWMP
Where the Credit is deemed Not Applicable to the dwelling
117
Signed pro forma from the dwelling owner to confirm that the dwelling has not been built within the last two
years and has not undergone a major refurbishment.
Additional Guidance
REBRI GUIDELINES
The REBRI Contract Specifications for Waste Management (i.e. REBRI Guidelines) state that the SWMP shall
contain the following:
•
•
•
•
Person(s) responsible for instructing workers and overseeing and documenting results of the waste
management
Waste avoidance or reduction at source measures that will be taken during the project
Analysis of the proposed job site waste to be generated, including reusable, recyclable and waste
materials (by volume or weight).
Proposed alternatives to landfill and cleanfill disposal – a list of each material proposed to be salvaged,
reused, or recycled during the course of the project and the destination. At minimum, the following
materials shall be recycled:
o concrete/brick/concrete block
o asphalt
o bricks, tiles and concrete blocks
o all metal
o plasterboard
o vegetation
o treated timber
o untreated timber
o corrugated cardboard
o plastic and polystyrene
o soil
o any building components
o insulation
[ADD FOR DECONSTRUCTION]
o treated and untreated timber lengths and panels
o heritage architectural elements such as mantle pieces, columns, mouldings etc
o cabinets and casework
o electric equipment and light fixtures
o plumbing fixtures
o windows, doors and frames
o hardwood flooring
o concrete – cast-in-place and precast
o exterior cladding.
Any waste that is not normally sent to landfill is excluded this credit, such as soil (from land clearing and
excavation activities) or waste that legally must be withheld from general construction waste (such as
asbestos).
•
•
•
Containers and signage: Description of bins/containers that will be used and the signage that will be used
on the containers
Materials handling and storage procedures: Identification of measures to be taken to prevent
contamination of materials to be reused or recycled and to ensure materials are consistent with
requirements for acceptance by designated facilities.
Whether on-site separation will occur and how materials will be stored: Note that, where space permits,
source separation is recommended. Where materials must be co-mingled they must be taken to a
processing facility for separation off site.
118
These guidelines further state that the contractor should maintain a record of waste materials, recycled,
reused and disposed of by the project using the REBRI Waste Management Plan and REBRI C&D Waste
Transfer Form or a form generated by the contractor containing the same information. For each material
recycled from the project, include the amount (in cubic metres or tonnes), or in the case of reuse state
quantities by number, type and size of items, and the destination (ie. recycling facility, used building materials
yard). For each material landfilled include the amount (in cubic metres or tonnes) of material and the identity
of the landfill, cleanfill and/or transfer station.
Background
The construction and demolition (C&D) industry is one of the largest waste producing industries in New
Zealand. C&D waste may represent up to 50% of all waste generated in New Zealand, 20% of all waste going to
1
landfill and 80% of all waste going to cleanfill .
Disposing of these materials to landfill not only means that they are not being recovered for further use but
also that they then contribute to adverse environmental effects such as leaching of chemicals into soil and
waterways as well as creating emissions of methane as construction and demolition waste decomposes. Much
1
C&D waste can be reduced, reused and recovered, dramatically decreasing the amount thrown away . A 1997
study showed that by simply sorting construction industry bin waste, it was feasible to reduce the amount by
2
50-55%, using off the shelf equipment and technology. This is still likely to be the case .
REBRI is a New Zealand initiative specifically developed to address construction related waste. Its purpose is to
promote, advocate, and assist resource efficiency measures in the building and related industries. REBRI grew
from a collaborative effort in 1995 between the Auckland Regional Council, BRANZ and the Auckland City
Council, with some funding by the Ministry for the Environment. It now is an extensive resource for the
building industry, with research, demonstration projects, sorting trials, guidelines, information papers,
3
checklists, market development and product stewardship resources all available as free downloads .
The purpose of this Credit is to encourage contractors to take part in effective waste management practices.
These efforts will play a significant role in the construction industries reduction of waste as a whole.
1.
About REBRI
http://www.branz.co.nz/cms_display.php?sn=113&st=1
2.
Heritage Building Preservation – The Ultimate in Green Building?
http://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/dspace/bitstream/10182/3218/3/McDonagh_Heritage_buildings.
pdf
3.
REBRI Guidelines
http://www.branz.co.nz/REBRI
4.
Onsite Waste Minimisation
http://www.smarterdwellings.org.nz/construction/construction-site-practice/on-site-wasteminimisation/
http://www.level.org.nz/material-use/minimising-waste/
5.
Target Sustainability Waste Reduction Case Studies for House Builders
http://www.targetsustainability.co.nz/CaseStudies/housebuilders.asp
6.
Minimising Waste
7.
Zero Waste Initiative
www.zerowaste.co.nz
119
8.
Designing out Waste: a design team guide for Buildings
9.
BS 8895-1 Designing for material efficiency in building projects
120
Aim
To encourage and recognise a reduction in the amount of waste generated onsite during construction and/or
major refurbishment.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are available for this credit where it can be demonstrated that the waste generated from
construction activities has been reduced or diverted from landfill and cleanfill. Points can be achieved via
approach A or approach B, but not both:
Option A: Reduced Construction Waste
2
(1)
Where 15 – 20 kg is sent to landfill/cleanfill per m of gross floor area for the whole
construction/refurbishment project, OR
(2)
Where 10 – 14.99 kg is sent to landfill/cleanfill per m of gross floor area for the whole
construction/refurbishment project, OR
(3)
Where less than 10 kg is sent to landfill/cleanfill per m of gross floor area for the
whole construction/refurbishment project, OR
3.0 points
(4)
N/A
2
2
1.0 point
2.0 points
Note: Landfill is defined as any earth filling activity other than cleanfill.
Cleanfill is defined as that contained in the MfE “A Guide to the Management of Cleanfills Jan 2002”.
Option B: Increased Waste Diversion on Site
(1)
Where 50 - 59% of total waste is reused and/or recycled and/or recovered for the
1.0 point
(2)
Where 60 - 69% of total waste is reused and/or recycled and/or recovered for the
2.0 points
(3)
Where 70% or more of total waste is reused and/or recycled and/or recovered for the
3.0 points
(4)
N/A
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
121
Assessment
assessment).
For a Design Rating, this credit can only be achieved if a Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) is in place (as
per WST-1) and a specific target is stated for the construction of the project. The Assessor is to determine, by
reviewing the information supplied, if the stated target is realistic for the project.
For a Built Rating completed waste reused and/or recycled and/or recovered (RRR) records must be provided
for the whole of the site which demonstrates compliance with either Option A or B. All figures must be
calculated by weight (kgs or tonnes).
For the purposes of this credit, land clearing, excavated materials and hazardous materials should not
contribute to the total amount of waste produced for the project under Option A or B (provided any hazardous
waste is disposed of correctly in accordance with the relevant legislation and local authority requirements and
evidence of this can be produced). For clarity, demolition waste of existing residential building(s) needs to be
included.
A waste contractor may be used to separate and process recyclable materials off-site.
Bulk Recycling
If a sub-contractor is engaged to carry out the RRR function on the project’s behalf and does it on a “bulk”
basis, not on a project basis, the credit can be claimed if the sub-contractor can provide signed and auditable
evidence of achieving the reduced waste and/or increased diversion targets under approach A or B on a
monthly basis.
Similarly, manufacturers’ take-back schemes can also be used for this Credit. Where this is the case, records
must be produced to demonstrate that materials are re-used/recycled as appropriate and as minimum, wet
and dry materials must be separated on site.
Where the dwelling being certified is located in a larger building, and therefore shares a common building and
common site with other dwellings an overall site approach may be taken for this credit and the results applied
to each dwelling within the building.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
SWMP clearly stating the waste target OR Where a SWMP has not yet been written an extract from either the
building contract or tender documentation clearly stating the waste target.
Built Rating
For All projects
Monthly waste and RRR reports for the entire duration of construction works are to be signed and witnessed at
each stage of reporting by senior Company representatives of the Waste and RRR Contractor.
These reports will clearly state the reported level of RRR that has actually taken place.
For Approach A: Reduced Construction Waste
Photo or copy of the completed waste records based on monthly reports for the whole of site which display the
2
weight of waste sent to landfill/cleanfill measured in units of kg/m .
122
For Approach B: Increased Waste Diversion
Photo or copy of the completed waste records and RRR records for the whole of the site which display the
percentage of total waste reused, recycled or recovered measured in units or kg.
If the waste has been sorted off site (i.e. mixed waste has been collected from site) then proof of RRR
performance must be provided. Receipts/dockets from the recycling providers would be acceptable.
Where the Credit is deemed Not Applicable to the dwelling:
Signed pro forma from the owner to confirm that the dwelling has not been built within the last two years and
has not undergone a major refurbishment.
Background
The construction and demolition (C&D) industry is one of the largest waste producing industries in New
Zealand. C&D waste may represent up to 50% of all waste generated in New Zealand, 20% of all waste going to
1
landfill and 80% of all waste going to cleanfill .
Disposing of these materials to landfill not only means that they are not being recovered for further use but
also that they then contribute to adverse environmental effects such as leaching of chemicals into soil and
waterways as well as creating emissions of methane as construction and demolition waste decomposes. Much
1
C&D waste can be reduced, reused and recovered, dramatically decreasing the amount thrown away . A 1997
study showed that by simply sorting construction industry bin waste, it was feasible to reduce the amount by
2
50-55%, using off the shelf equipment and technology. This is still likely to be the case .
The purpose of this Credit is to encourage contractors to take part in effective waste and RRR management
practices. These efforts will play a significant role in the construction industries reduction of waste as a whole.
1.
Heritage Building Preservation – The Ultimate in Green Building?
http://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/dspace/bitstream/10182/3218/3/McDonagh_Heritage_buildings.
pdf
2.
REBRI Guidelines
http://www.branz.co.nz/REBRI
3.
Target Sustainability Waste Reduction Case Studies for House Builders
http://www.targetsustainability.co.nz/CaseStudies/housebuilders.asp
4.
Minimising Waste
5.
Zero Waste Initiative
www.zerowaste.co.nz
6.
Designing out Waste: a design team guide for Buildings
7.
BS 8895-1 Designing for material efficiency in building projects
123
Aim
To encourage recycling through the provision of an appropriate dedicated space for separating and storing
recyclables including but not limited to paper, plastic, glass and metals (i.e. tins).
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are available for the provision of adequate facilities for separating and storing recyclable
waste. The following criteria must be met to achieve the credit:
Internal facilities
A dedicated internal space must be provided that:
•
•
•
(1)
Has at least two separate compartments for sorting household waste, one
of which is dedicated to recyclables i.e. paper or glass
Provides a total capacity of at least 10 litres for recyclables
Is located in or adjacent to the main kitchen within the dwelling.
1.0 point
External facilities
A dedicated external space must be provided that:
•
•
Is of a suitable size to accommodate any locally provided kerbside recycling
facilities (e.g. recycling bin)
Is located on site for easy access from the dwelling and out to the
collection point.
1.0 point
•
•
Has a common area recycling facility for dwelling occupants to place waste
and recyclables OR
Has a separate waste and recyclables chute system
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
For a Design Rating review the plans or specifications to verify that both internal and external facilities are
specified in accordance with the credit criteria.
For a Built Rating visually verify that the internal and external facilities are provided and that they meet the
requirements of the credit criteria.
The internal facilities do not have to be fixed to the dwelling to enable these points to be awarded.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the location and type of internal and external facilities.
124
Built Rating
Photograph(s) showing the location and type of internal and external facilities.
Additional Guidance
Recycling facilities should be accompanied with appropriate information regarding the local recycling
provisions (acceptable types of recyclables and times of pick up or location of local recycling facilities) and this
material should be included within the Home User Guide.
A typical household bucket is eight to nine litres in capacity.
Background
Recycling is encouraged through provision of a dedicated space which is sized appropriately and located within
the kitchen area. Having a dedicated space both inside and outside the house makes it easier and more likely
that recycling will be undertaken.
Recycling conserves materials and energy. Most local councils in New Zealand collect household recycling in
local kerbside collections. The main recycling materials in any average household are paper, cardboard, glass
bottles, jars, aluminium steel and some sorts of plastic. Recycling one aluminium beverage container can save
enough electricity to run a computer or a TV for three hours¹.
1.
Waste
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/waste/
2.
Homestar
http://Homestar.org.nz/waste
3.
Auckland Regional Council
http://www.arc.govt.nz/albany/index.cfm?25D34498-145E-173C-98DD-D0038E533B20
4.
Zero Waste
http://www.zerowaste.co.nz/default,72.sm
125
Aim
To encourage and recognise a reduction in the amount of household waste sent to landfill through dwelling
and/or community composting.
Credit Criteria
Up to one point is available for the provision of adequate internal and external facilities for composting of
domestic garden, food and other compostable waste.
(1)
Internal facilities
Where there is provision of dedicated internal storage within the main kitchen of the
dwelling of not less than two litres capacity for compostable waste collection.
0.5 points
External facilities
Where there is provision of adequate facilities on site for dwelling composting in
accordance with one of the following:
•
•
•
•
(2)
Traditional composting facilities with a minimum of 240 L;
Worm farm composting;
Bokashi bin composting; OR
Community Facilities: where dwellings are situated in an area with a
community composting service in place provided that collection is
provided at least once per week.
0.5 points
•
•
•
•
Traditional composting facilities with a minimum of 240 L per dwelling;
Communal Worm farm composting;
Communal Bokashi bin composting; OR
Community Facilities: where dwellings are situated in an area with a
community composting service in place provided that collection is
provided at least once per week.
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
For a Design Rating check that both internal and external facilities are indicated either on the plan or
specification.
For a Built Rating visually check that both the internal and external facilities meet the Credit Criteria. For multiunit developments where communal worm farms or Bokashi bins are provided, the Homestar Assessor will
need to sight documentation from the provider or manufacturer that demonstrates that the number of worm
farms or bins provided is appropriately sized for the total number of bedrooms in the building/development.
The internal and external facilities do not have to be fixed to the dwelling to enable these points to be
awarded.
126
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the location and type of internal and external facilities.
Provider/manufacturer’s letter of confirmation of sizing for communal worm farms or communal Bokashi bin
composting OR Where community composting bins are provided with a service in place where collection is
provided at least once per week a copy of the contract for this service.
Where space and facilities available restrict the ability to carry out the composting processes on site (e.g. no
garden to bury Bokashi waste), provide the business name and address of at least one contractor within 50km
of site that can process this waste offsite
Built Rating
Photograph(s) showing the location and type of internal and external facilities.
Provider/manufacturer’s letter of confirmation of sizing for communal worm farms or communal Bokashi bin
composting OR Where community composting bins are provided with a service in place where collection is
provided at least once per week a copy of the contract for this service.
Where space and facilities available restrict the ability to carry out the composting processes on site (e.g. no
garden to bury Bokashi waste), provide copy of contract or agreement with contractor or local government
body to collect waste and complete the composting process offsite
Additional Guidance
Composting facilities should be accompanied with appropriate information (e.g. leaflet, website print out,
instructions) explaining how the system works (including community composting schemes) and this material
should be included within the Home User Guide.
A typical ice cream container holds two litres in capacity.
Background
In New Zealand over a quarter of landfill waste is recyclable organic matter¹. Diverting this organic matter into
local composting facilities (owner developed or community-based) is an initiative that can reduce the amount
of rubbish thrown out and reduce the amount going to landfills. Composting at dwelling reduces the transport
costs of waste as well as utilising that waste as a precious resource for improving the garden and landscape of
the site. Other benefits of composting are its ability to improve soil fertility, texture and moisture retention.
1.
Waste Minimisation
http://www.wasteminz.org.nz/sectorgroups/compost/index.htm
2.
Waste
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/environmental-reporting/waste/solid-waste/composition/
3.
Wellington City Council
http://www.wellington.govt.nz/services/rubbrecyc/composting.html
4.
Greenpeace
http://www.greenpeace.org/new-zealand/en/take-action/green-your-life/composting/
127
Home
Management
128
MAN-1 Unwanted Features
Aim
To encourage and recognise better dwelling performance through removal or avoidance of unwanted features
that can impact on occupant health, operating costs and resource use.
Credit Criteria
For existing dwellings only:
Up to two points may be lost where the dwelling contains a number of unwanted features (see below). 0.25
points will be lost for each item on the Unwanted Features Checklist that is present in the dwelling.
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
In assessing this credit, the Homestar Assessor is to assess the dwelling for the presence of the items listed in
the Unwanted Features Checklist. Where even one occurrence of an unwanted feature is present, the dwelling
is to be marked down for this unwanted feature. Once the dwelling has been reviewed for all items on the
Unwanted Features Checklist, the total number of unwanted features present in the dwelling can be
calculated.
Unwanted Features Checklist:
a. Unflued Gas Heater
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually check for the presence of fixed or portable unflued gas
heaters.
b. Open Fire
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually check for the presence of an open fire (that has not been
blocked off).
c. Leaky Doors/Windows
This item is not applicable to a Design Rating. For a Built Rating visually inspect the dwelling for the presence of
leaking windows or doors that let external moisture in.
d. Carpet in Wet Areas
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually check for the presence of carpet in wet areas such as
bathrooms, kitchens or within 2m of the main front entrance. Vertical separation is excluded from the 2m
clearance requirement because it’s a likely feature of compact design and the risk of moisture issues as a result
of carpet being on the stairs is minimal.
e. Internal Moisture/ Condensation
This item is not applicable to a Design Rating. For a Built Rating visually inspect the dwelling for evidence of
moisture/condensation on the inside of bedroom windows.
f. Mould
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This item is not applicable to a Design Rating. For a Built Rating visually inspect the dwelling for evidence of
mould or black stains on the interior walls or ceilings of the dwelling. The presence of mould is only to be
marked down where it is quite obvious and located on interior walls or ceilings. Many dwellings will contain
traces of mould in places like the corners of window frames etc. However, the aim of this Credit is to target
dwellings with more severe moisture issues.
g. Unvented Clothes Dryer
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually check for the presence of a clothes dryer inside the
dwelling that does not vent directly to the exterior.
h. Leaky Water Fixtures
leaking taps, shower fittings or toilets.
i. Damp Underfloor
ponding, wet areas under house, or evidence of drainage issues in the sub-floor space. The presence of
ponding or wet areas under the house, or evidence of drainage issues in the sub-floor space will vary
depending on the season. If the assessment is carried out in the wetter months, then ground dampness should
be obvious. In the dryer months, a sniff test to check for a musty smell should be sufficient. If there is a musty
smell, then the dwelling can be marked down for this.
Audit Documentation
Built Rating
Unflued Gas Heater
Photograph showing the presence of unflued gas heating (if present).
Open Fire
Photograph showing the presence of an open fire (if present).
Leaky Doors/Windows
Photograph showing the leaking doors/windows (if present).
Carpet in Wet Areas
Photograph showing carpeted areas within 2m of wet areas (if present).
Internal Moisture/ Condensation
Photograph showing moisture / condensation on the inside of bedroom windows (if present).
Mould
Photograph showing mould located on interior walls or ceilings (if present).
Unvented Clothes Dryer
Photograph showing the presence of an unvented clothes dryer (if present).
Leaky Water Fixtures
Photograph showing leaking taps, shower fittings or toilets (if present).
130
Damp Underfloor
Photograph showing the presence of ponding, wet areas under house, or evidence of drainage issues in the
sub-floor space (if present).
Background
Nearly every dwelling has a few things that degrade the interior environment quality. By recognising these
issues and taking steps to address them, the performance of the dwelling can be improved in relation to
health, running costs and resource efficiency of the dwelling. Each issue identified in the Unwanted Features
Checklist has specific problems associated with it.
Unflued gas heating: Portable and unflued gas heaters release unwanted pollutants and moisture into the air
inside the dwelling. Portable LPG heaters are also one of the most expensive ways to heat a dwelling for the
output of energy they provide. More efficient alternatives include clean burning wood or pellet burners,
1
energy star rated heat pumps or flued gas heating .
Open fire: These are an inefficient method of dwelling heating and can also be a source of local air pollution.
More efficient alternatives include clean burning wood or pellet burners, energy star rated heat pumps or
flued gas heating. When the open fire is no longer in use the chimney should be blocked off to prevent heat
loss and excessive draughts.
Leaky Doors/Windows: These allow moisture into the dwelling creating damp and mouldy conditions.
Carpet in Wet Areas: Carpet in wet areas can contribute to mould and poor indoor environment quality in the
2
dwelling . While entryways other than the main front and back entrance can be ignored for the purpose of this
credit, it is recommended that a gap of at least 0.5 m is provided between carpet and all other entrances to
reduce the risk of dampness.
Internal Moisture/ Condensation: Condensation on the windows of a dwelling is often a symptom of too much
moisture in the house. Excess moisture makes the dwelling harder to heat and can lead to mould and poor
indoor environmental quality.
Mould: Mould and other forms of fungi growth affects approximately 40% of New Zealand dwellings and can
3
cause adverse health effects such as respiratory illnesses, asthma and allergies .
Unvented Clothes Dryer: Can be a leading cause of excess moisture in the dwelling.
Leaky Water Fixtures: Leaking taps, showers and toilets unnecessarily waste water, a precious resource.
Inefficient water use can lead to higher rates and water bills for owners.
Damp Underfloor: This could be a sign of a significant maintenance issue as well as adding unwanted moisture
to the dwelling.
1.
Unflued Gas Heaters
http://www.beaconpathway.co.nz/furtherresearch/article/why_unflued_gas_heaters_are_not_a_good_idea
http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/indexmh/unflued-gas-heaters-may05
2.
Floor Finishes in Wet Areas
http://www.level.org.nz/wet-areas/wet-area-flooring-and-floor-finishes/quick-reference-guide-forwet-area-floor-finishes/
3.
Mould
http://www.beaconpathway.co.nz/furtherresearch/article/balancing_temperature_humidity_and_ventilation
4.
Interior Dampness
http://www.consumerbuild.org.nz/publish/maintenance/interior-dampness.php
131
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/design/moisture/
132
MAN-2 Security
MAN-2 Security
Aim
To encourage and recognise both the design of the dwelling and site to provide a safe and secure dwelling and
neighbourhood.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are available where the dwelling achieves a number of key safety and security features (see
below). Each feature is worth 0.25 points.
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
In assessing this credit, the Homestar Assessor is to assess the dwelling for the presence of the items listed in
the Safety & Security Checklist.
Safety & Security Checklist:
a. Main Entrance
For standalone / terraced houses review the drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually check for the presence of a
well-defined and well labelled main entrance indicating the house number/name that will be clearly visible
from the road entrance.
For multi-unit developments review the drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually check for the presence of a welldefined and well labelled main entrance indicating the building address that will be clearly visible from the
road entrance, and well-defined and well labelled individual dwelling addresses within the building.
b. Street Surveillance
For standalone / terraced houses review the plan or visually check that at least one window/glass door will be
seen from the road and that it will not be obstructed by solid, visually impermeable fences or planted hedges
to street frontage above 1.2m in height that extend beyond 4m in length.
For multi-unit developments review the plan or visually check that at least one window/glass door of the main
entrance or lobby area, will be seen from the road and that it will not be obstructed by solid, visually
impermeable fences or planted hedges to street frontage above 1.2 min height that extend beyond 4m in
length.
c. Security Lighting
For standalone / terraced houses review the drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually check for the presence of
outdoor security lighting to be fitted with motion sensors and dusk/dawn sensor with manual override OR
2
efficiency of 1.5W/m .
For multi-unit developments review the drawing(s)/specification(s) for the presence of outdoor security
lighting to be fitted dusk/dawn sensor with manual override AND either motion sensors OR efficiency of
2
1.5W/m . For multi-unit developments security lighting is to be provided, at a minimum, immediately adjacent
and within 3m horizontally of the dwelling main entrance.
d. Crime Prevention
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MAN-2 Security
Review the drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually check to ensure all doors and other entry/exit points from
the house will be fitted with secure locks. All opening windows should be fitted with effective catches and any
required for passive ventilation should be fitted with security stays.
e. Hot water safety
The hot water temperature should be no greater than 55 degrees Celsius. This can be assumed for a design
rating. For a Built Rating use a suitable thermometer to measure the temperature of the hot water coming out
of the main kitchen and main bathroom hot water taps.
f. Fire Safety 1
Review the drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually check for the presence of a fire extinguisher visibly mounted
in an easily accessible location in kitchen.
In multi-unit developments this point is deemed complied with if the dwelling has a sprinkler system.
g. Fire Safety 2
Review the drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually check for the presence of
•
•
•
Mains-operated smoke alarms with battery back-up (this option is preferred by the NZ Fire Service),
OR
Smoke alarms within 3m of all sleeping areas as per NZS 4514 and BRANZ bulletins No 252 and 309.
OR
Domestic sprinkler system.
h. Hazardous Storage
Review the drawing(s)/specification(s) or visually check for the presence of at least one secure storage location
in the kitchen or laundry for hazardous substances and medicines which is at least 1.2m above ground or fitted
with child resistant locks.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Main Entrance
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the well-defined and well labelled main entrance and indicating
the house number/name that will be clearly visible from the road entrance.
Street Surveillance
Drawing(s) showing window/glass door that will be seen from the road. Plans must demonstrate that it will
not be obstructed by solid, visually impermeable fences or planted hedges to street frontage above 1.2m in
height that extend beyond 4m in length.
Security Lighting
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing outdoor security lighting and stating that they are to be fitted
2
with motion sensors and dusk/dawn sensor with manual override OR efficiency of 1.5W/m .
Crime Prevention
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing that all doors and other entry/exit points from the dwelling will
be fitted with secure locks and that all opening windows will be fitted with effective catches and/or security
stays.
Hot water safety
Not applicable
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MAN-2 Security
Fire Safety 1
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the presence of a fire extinguisher in an easily accessible location
in kitchen or domestic sprinkler system.
Fire Safety 2
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing either mains-operated smoke alarms with battery back-up (this
option is preferred by the NZ Fire Service), OR Smoke alarms within 3m of all sleeping areas as per NZS 4514
and BRANZ bulletins No 252 and 309 OR Domestic sprinkler system.
Hazardous Storage
Drawing and/or specification(s) showing one secure storage location in the kitchen or laundry for hazardous
substances and medicines which is at least 1.2m above ground or fitted with child resistant locks.
Built Rating
Main Entrance
Photograph(s) showing the well-defined and well labelled main entrance and indicating the dwelling
number/name that will be clearly visible from the road entrance.
Street Surveillance
Photograph(s) showing window/glass door that will be seen from the road. Plans must demonstrate that it
will not be obstructed by solid, visually impermeable fences or planted hedges to street frontage above 1.2m
in height that extend beyond 4m in length.
Security Lighting
Photograph(s) showing outdoor security lighting and stating that they are to be fitted with motion sensors
2
and dusk/dawn sensor with manual override OR efficiency of 1.5W/m .
Crime Prevention
Photograph(s) showing that all doors and other entry/exit points from the house will be fitted with secure
locks and that all opening windows will be fitted with effective catches and/or security stays.
Hot water safety
Photograph(s) showing measured water temperature.
Fire Safety 1
Photograph(s) showing the presence of a fire extinguisher in an easily accessible location in kitchen or
domestic sprinkler system.
Fire Safety 2
Photograph(s) showing either mains-operated smoke alarms with battery back-up (this option is preferred
by the NZ Fire Service), OR Smoke alarms within 3m of all sleeping areas as per NZS 4514 and BRANZ
bulletins No 252 and 309. OR Domestic sprinkler system.
Hazardous Storage
Photograph(s) showing one secure storage location in the kitchen or laundry for hazardous substances and
medicines which is at least 1.2m above ground or fitted with child resistant locks.
Built Streamlining
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MAN-2 Security
Additional Guidance
Main Entrance
A well-defined and well labelled main entrance to the dwelling will allow emergency staff to easily locate the
dwelling when required. This may be addressed by labelling a letter box near the driveway, where the entrance
of the dwelling may not face the street. For rural properties, this item can be achieved through establishing a
well labelled driveway entrance indicating house number/name where the driveway meets the road.
Street Surveillance
A dwelling with no solid, visually impermeable fences or planted hedges to street frontage helps keep the
neighbourhood safe by letting your dwelling, and others, look onto the street.
Security Lighting
A dwelling with outdoor security lighting fitted with motion sensors and dusk/dawn sensor will help to deter
burglars and assist the owner at night.
Crime Prevention
A dwelling fitted with secure locks on all entry/exit points and effective catches on all windows will help to
deter intruders.
Hot water safety
o
Hot water should be stored at 60 C in order to kill legionella bacteria. However, water at this temperature can
o
scald quickly. Therefore water delivered at the tap must be no hotter than 55 C.
Fire Safety 1
A dwelling which contains an easily accessible fire extinguisher will allow occupants to safely put out any fires
that may ignite within the dwelling. The fire extinguisher must be mounted in an easily accessible location.
Fire Safety 2
A dwelling which contains working smoke alarms or a domestic sprinkler system can save the lives of the
dwelling’s occupants and reduce any damage that may be caused in the event of a fire.
Hazardous Storage
A dwelling which contains hazardous storage that is out of the reach of children or is fitted with child resistant
locks will keep hazardous materials out of the hands of children and prevent any harm.
Background
In New Zealand, more than a third of all injuries occur in the home rather than at work, on the road or while
1
playing sport . This credit addresses a few of the key safety and security features that apply to the dwelling
and are able to be relatively easily assessed.
1.
Safety at Home
136
MAN-2 Security
http://www.homesafety.co.nz/
2.
Waitakere City Council Sustainable Home Guidelines – Household Safety
http://www.waitakere.govt.nz/abtcit/ec/bldsus/pdf/sustainabledesign/hsehldsafe.pdf
3.
Designing for Safety
http://www.consumerbuild.org.nz/publish/materials/materials-_design-safety.php
4.
Safety and Security
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/design/safety-security/
5.
Fire Safety
http://www.fire.org.nz/Fire-Safety/Pages/Fire-Safety.aspx
137
MAN-3 Home User Guide
Aim
To encourage and recognise the provision of guidance through a Home User Guide, which enables occupants
to understand and operate their dwelling efficiently, as well as make the best use of local facilities.
Credit Criteria
Two points are awarded as follows:
For the provision of a Home User Guide (HUG) which conveys detailed information on
the features of the dwelling to the occupants. This document must include all of the
following as a minimum:
(1)
•
House design strategy, AND
•
Energy, AND
•
Water, AND
•
Household waste, AND
•
Maintenance, AND
•
Landscaping and ecology information, AND
•
Where available/applicable:
2.0 points
o
House plans and construction details, AND
o
Appliance manuals, AND
o
Warranties and Guarantees, AND
o
Local transport and community information
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Where a house has not yet been built, the information required for a complete HUG will not all be available.
For the purpose of a Design Rating, the objective should be that the HUG is made available to be easily
completed during the building process. The Homestar Assessor should confirm that a HUG template has been
started for the property.
For a Built Rating the Homestar Assessor should view the contents of the HUG and assess that it includes all of
the information specified in the Credit Criteria.
138
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Electronic copy or photo of started HUG, with property details, including address, clearly shown
OR
Information extracted from specification detailing the requirement for a HUG to be produced.
139
Built Rating
Softcopy of the completed HUG.
Additional Guidance
The purpose of the HUG is to convey basic operational information and details of the dwelling’s features to the
occupants in a non-technical way that they can use and understand.
Where the dwelling does not currently have a HUG, owners should be encouraged to make use of the
Homestar Home User Guide template which is available as a download on the NZGBC website.
The main sections of the HUG should contain the following:
House Design Strategy
This section should contain details of specific design features of the dwelling that are intended to optimise
house performance. This could include information about passive solar design of the dwelling, insulation
levels, natural and mechanical ventilation systems, external shading devices, heat recovery systems, etc.
Energy
This section should provide operating and maintenance instructions for the main energy using systems in the
house as well as any energy saving features of the dwelling. This should include specific instructions for use
and specifications for replacement of key components (manufacturer, model, efficiency rating of light bulbs,
heating devices, etc.). The instructions should be directly related to the particular system/s installed in the
dwelling and should inform owners about how to achieve economy and efficiency in the use of energy in a way
that can be easily understood. This should include detail of making adjustments for the seasons (e.g.
winter/spring) as well as routine maintenance tasks (e.g. cleaning filters on heat pumps). Details of any onsite
renewable systems and how they operate should also be included where appropriate.
Water
This section should highlight any water saving features of the house as well as providing instructions for use
and specifications for replacement of fixtures and fittings (manufacturer, model, efficiency rating). The HUG
should include instructions relating to any rainwater harvesting and/or greywater systems as well as providing
information about the maintenance of such systems including provision of a schedule for major maintenance
items such as filter changes, cleaning, etc.).
Household waste
This section should contain detail relating to the recycling / composting facilities available on site and times of
collection, etc.
Maintenance
This section should provide a basic schedule with times and details for all major maintenance items for the
house indicating when each task needs to be done and space to record dates of completion and notes. The
maintenance log should cover items such as roofing and spouting, exterior walls and fences, landscape and
grounds, underfloor/subfloor, roof space and attic, interiors, glass and windows, hot water and heating
systems.
140
Background
The aim of the HUG is to assist owners with the day to day operation of the dwelling and ensure that all
relevant information is passed on to new owners of the dwelling (or for people renting/using the dwelling on a
short term basis). This information will help the users of the dwelling to do so efficiently and ensure
changes/refurbishments/maintenance to the dwelling are recorded and completed in the most
environmentally appropriate manner.
1.
HomestarHome User Guide Template
http://www.Homestar.org.nz/
2.
Beacon Pathway Homeowner Manual
http://beaconpathway.co.nz/existinghomes/article/homeowner_manual_get_the_best_from_your_home
3.
Smarter Home Guide
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/smarter-home-guide/
4.
Home Maintenance
http://www.branz.co.nz/cms_display.php?sn=119&st=1&pg=1391
5.
Maintaining Your Home
http://www.consumerbuild.org.nz/uploads/dwelling_maintnance.pdf
141
MAN-4 Responsible Contracting
Aim
To encourage and recognise best environmental practice during construction and renovation.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are available for this credit, points awarded as follows:
Where a contractor(s) on site holds any of the following accreditations or registrations
(0.5 points, up to a total of 1 point):
(1)
(2)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Enviro-Mark NZ Gold Standard or above (0.5 points)
Resene Eco Decorator (0.5 points)
EcoSmart Electrician (0.5 points)
IAONZ accreditation (0.5 points)
Homestar Practitioner (0.5 points)
Homestar Assessor (0.5 points)
Where an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is in place for the construction or
renovation works in accordance with the Homestar template and/or Section 4 of the
NSW Environmental Management System guidelines 1998 or 2007 OR
1.0 point
1.0 point
The contractor holds ISO 14001 certification that covers the construction of the
dwelling.
(3)
Credit is Not Applicable for dwellings that have been in existence for more than two
years (from the date of assessment) and have not undergone major refurbishment
within the past two years (from the date of assessment).
N/A
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
assessment).
(1) Where a contractor(s) will hold a relevant accreditation:
For a Design Rating review the certificate(s) of the nominated contractors for the build OR if no contractors
have been confirmed for the job, verify that the specification clearly requires contractors to be certified with
accreditation from the list in this credit.
For a Built Rating review the contractors’ certificate(s).
(2) Where an EMP is in place for the construction or renovation works in accordance with the Homestar
template and/or Section 4 of the NSW Environmental Management System guidelines 1998 or 2007 OR The
contractor holds ISO 14001 certification that covers the construction of the dwelling.
142
Check that the EMP is completed OR Check that the contractor holds a ISO 14001 certification that covers the
dwelling.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Copy or photo of the contractor’s certificate.
OR
Specification extract detailing the requirement for contractor(s) to hold accreditation.
EMP or ISO 14001 certification clearly showing that it covers the dwelling being developed.
OR
Specification extract detailing the requirement for an EMP to be produced or for ISO 14001
Built Rating
Copy or photo of the contractor’s certificate.
EMP or ISO 14001 certification clearly showing that it covers the dwelling being developed.
(3) Where the Credit is deemed Not Applicable to the dwelling:
Signed pro forma from the owner to confirm that the dwelling has not been built within the last two years
and has not undergone a major refurbishment.
Background
Construction and demolition are responsible for significant impacts, especially at the local level. These arise
from site disturbance, pollution, construction waste, transportation to and from the site as well as water and
energy use.
It is important that responsibility is taken for creating and executing management procedures to minimise or
avoid these impacts. The Enviro-Mark NZ programme takes the requirements of ISO 14001:2004 and breaks
1
the implementation of them down into five simple steps: Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum and Diamond .
ISO14001 is applicable worldwide and provides management tools for organisations or contractors to control
their environmental impacts and to improve their environmental performance. These tools can provide
significant tangible economic benefits, including:
•
•
Reduced raw material and resource use
Reduced energy consumption
143
•
•
•
Improved process efficiency
Reduced waste generation and disposal costs and
Utilisation of recoverable resources.
1.
Enviro-Mark NZ Gold
http://www.enviro-mark.co.nz/enviro_level.asp?enviro_id=4
2.
International Organization for Standardization – ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems
http://www.iso.org/iso/dwelling.html
3.
Environmental Management Plan
http://www.arc.govt.nz/environment/managing-pollution-and-waste/land-and-waterpollution/environmental-management-plan-emp.cfm
4.
Smarter Homes Construction Site Practice information
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/construction/construction-site-practice/
144
Materials
145
MAT-1 Materials Selection
Aim
To encourage and recognise the specification and use of responsibly sourced materials that have lower
environmental impacts over their lifetime.
Credit Criteria
Up to nine points are available where there is a selection of reused, eco-preferred (see definition below) and
responsibly sourced (see definition below) materials as follows:
(1)
Where the tally of merits ≥ 1
1.0 point
(2)
3.0 points
(3)
5.0 points
(4)
7.0 points
(5)
9.0 points
(6)
N/A
Data Entry
Use MAT Material Summary tab and scorecard tab.
Assessment
assessment).
Points are awarded where there is a selection of reused, eco-preferred or responsibly sourced materials over
50% of the following 13 construction systems:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Foundation
Floor slab
Frame
Wall
Roof
Drainage
Window
Insulation
Ceiling
Floor coverings
Applied Coatings
Joinery
External decking
e. g.: concrete, steel reinforcement
e.g.: timber, concrete including waffle pod
e.g.: wall framing, ceiling framing, roof framing / trusses
e.g.: interior linings, exterior cladding, dry wall
e.g.: tiles, sheeting
e.g.: drainage pipe, guttering
e.g.: window glass, frame, fixtures
e.g.: floor insulation, wall insulation, ceiling insulation
e.g.: ceiling interior linings
e.g.: carpet, wood, ceramic floor finish
e.g.: paint
e.g.: Joinery, cabinetry in kitchens and bathrooms, laundries and bedrooms
e.g.: timber
146
This credit looks at all types of joinery/cabinetry i.e. cabinetry in kitchens and bathrooms, laundries and
bedrooms wardrobes. Points are awarded for any component of joinery/cabinetry that holds an approved ecolabel.
For a Design Rating review the plans or specifications to confirm what products are specified and check the
datasheets and/or materials’ third party verification scheme certificates to determine if merits can be
awarded.
For a Built Rating review the invoices/receipts demonstrating the materials used in the house and check the
datasheets and/or materials’ third party verification scheme certificates to determine if merits can be
awarded.
If required (i.e. the compliant products are not specified for 100% of the construction system) perform a
calculation to determine that the 50% threshold is met.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Drawing(s) or specification(s) clearly show selected products or if exact products have not yet been selected
specification extract(s) stating requirements to be met.
Product data sheet or Certificate demonstrating compliance with an approved eco-label/responsible source.
Calculations for construction systems that do not have 100% compliance.
Built Rating
Invoices or Supplier/Installer conformation letters clearly showing selected products.
Date stamped photograph(s) of the products on site.
Product data sheet demonstrating compliance of each product with an approved eco-label ecolabel/responsible sourcing
OR
Certificate demonstrating compliance with an approved eco-label eco-label/responsible sourcing.
Calculations for construction systems that don’t use 100% compliant products.
Additional Guidance
Means of compliance
with MAT-1: Material
Selection Criteria
Merits
available
per
auditable third party
verification scheme
Reused material
1
Research has shown that reuse of existing products
provides the strongest environmental benefit;
therefore reused items (including purchased second
hand) are awarded 1 merit per construction system.
Approved eco-labels as
per NZGBC website
Up to 1
‘Eco-labelling’ is a voluntary method of
environmental performance certification and
labelling that is practised around the world. An ‘ecolabel’ is a label which identifies overall
147
Definition
environmental preference of a product or service
within a specific product/service category based on
life cycle considerations. An eco-label is awarded by
an impartial third-party in relation to certain
products or services that are independently
determined to meet environmental leadership
specifications. Calculator points are awarded where
a product holds an eco-label recognised by the
NZGBC. The list of approved schemes is available on
the NZGBC website (www.nzgbc.org.nz). Third Party
Certification levels (A, B & C) are defined in the
GBCA’s Framework for Product Certification Scheme.
For more information, refer to the Product
Certification information page on the GBCA website.
http://www.gbca.org.au/.
Level A Eco-label
Level B Eco-label
Level C Eco-label
1
merit
0.75 merit
0.5 merit
Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC)
1
The NZGBC has determined that the three types of
FSC claim including FSC Mix, FSC 100% and FSC
Recycled shall be recognized eco-labels for this
credit.
ISO 14001
0.5
An international standard published by the
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)
which specifies a set of management standards that
help organisations administer and control a
company’s environmental impact and compliance
with regulations.
Enviro-Mark NZ Gold or
above
0.25
This is a New Zealand based certification programme
that provides member organisations with the tools
and resources necessary to implement an
environmental management system.
Recycled Content Product
Merits=Fraction of
product that is recycled
Product contains materials that have been recovered
or otherwise diverted from the solid waste stream,
either during the manufacturing process (preconsumer) or after consumer use (post-consumer).
Pre-consumer material does not include materials
normally re-used by industry within the original
manufacturing process, and is also termed ‘postindustrial’.
Dematerialisation
1
Can be claimed for flooring and walls only. In areas
where new product(s) would typically be installed
but where no new product has been installed.
Typically this will be where structural materials act
as the finished surface e.g. no new flooring product
is installed over exposed concrete.
End-of-Life Stewardship
Programme
0.5
Product stewardship programs encourage projects
and suppliers to share responsibility for the effective
reduction, reuse, recycling or recovery of products.
Product
stewardship
also
helps
manage
environmental harm arising from the product when
148
it becomes waste. Products stewardship programs
must be demonstrated with a product stewardship
contract or product stewardship accreditation from
the Ministry for the Environment. There are two
types of Product Stewardship Contracts, for a leased
item and a purchased item
CarboNZero product
certification
0.5
Independent verification and certification that a
product’s carbon footprint has been calculated in
accordance with the internationally recognised and
agreed PAS 2050:2011 standards. Organisations with
CarboNZero certified products have taken measures
to manage, reduce and mitigate the product’s net
greenhouse gas emissions to zero. They have made a
commitment to manage and reduce their
greenhouse gas emissions by working to an
emissions management and reduction plan. Any
remaining unavoidable emissions are offset by
purchasing verified carbon credits.
Declare
0.25
The Declare labelled products have declared their
ingredients, source and manufacturing locations.
Manufacturers of the products included in the
Declare database have voluntarily disclosed their
ingredients list and a company head have personally
ensured this information is true.
CEMARS product
certification
0.25
Independent verification and certification that a
product’s carbon footprint has been calculated in
accordance with the internationally recognised and
agreed PAS 2050:2011 standards. Organisations with
CEMARS certified products have measured the
emissions resulting from the lifecycle of the product.
The product’s lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions
have been measured so they understand its
associated greenhouse gas emissions. They then
make a commitment to manage and reduce the
greenhouse gas emissions of the product by working
to an emissions management and reduction plan.
Applied Coatings
For the purposes of measuring applied coatings figures can be recorded and submitted in either meter square
2
(m ) or liters (L) when demonstrating compliance.
The criteria apply to internal and external applications, whether it is exposed or concealed but only refer only
to paint applied within the site boundary (e.g. excludes paint applied at a factory).
Insulation
Insulation products that are identical in manufacture and recipe to Environmental Choice licensed products
except for their R-value (and thickness and weight related to R-value), may be recognized and awarded merits
under this credit. Confirmation must be provided from the manufacturer to demonstrate that the products are
identical (i.e. same ingredients, manufactured at same location, manufactured using same process, etc).
149
Background
The production and use of building materials can have serious and widespread impacts on the natural
environment. A significant amount of energy is used to extract, manufacture and transport building materials,
and many natural resources are exploited for their use. The construction sector is a major consumer of
resources, including metals, wood, plastics, and the constituent materials for cement and masonry. In addition
to materials themselves, the manufacturing process needs to be resource efficient in order to reduce energy
consumption, minimize waste, and reduce greenhouse emissions. The manufacturing process causes
environmental pollution (such as fly ash from cement production) and construction materials themselves
become more difficult to process as waste. The environmental impact from building materials can be reduced
by limiting the quantities of virgin building materials used in projects and choosing the least harmful of these
materials for use.
Homestar awards points for the selection of materials that have an approved eco-label or are responsibly
sourced. Eco-labels are where products and materials are third party verified by organisations - those
independent from both the manufacturer and supply side as well as from Homestar - to identify which are
environmentally preferable compared to similar products.
1.
Environmental Choice New Zealand
http://www.enviro-choice.org.nz/
2.
New Zealand Green Building Council
http://www.nzgbc.org.nz/main/greenstar/elaboration/prodmaterial/ecoLabel/recognisedEcoLabels
3.
http://www.nzgbc.org.nz/main/greenstar/elaboration/prodmaterial
4.
Enviro Mark
http://www.enviro-mark.co.nz/
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Homestar Technical Manual Version 3
MAT-2 VOCs & Toxic Materials
Aim
To encourage and recognise specification and use of interior finishes that reduce the detrimental impact on
occupant health from products that emit pollutants.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are available where interior finishes are selected that meet the low volatile organic
compounds (VOC) limits as follows:
(1)
Where 50% of applied coatings meet the VOC limits as specified by a NZGBC
recognised IAQ scheme or eco-label (or no applied coatings are used).
0.75 points
(2)
Where 50% of adhesives and sealants meet the VOC limits as specified by a NZGBC
recognised IAQ scheme or eco-label (or no adhesives and sealants are used).
0.75 points
(3)
Where 50% of floor coverings meet the VOC limits as specified by a NZGBC recognised
IAQ scheme or eco-label (or no floor coverings used).
0.75 points
(4)
Where 50% of engineered wood meet the VOC limits as specified by a NZGBC
recognised IAQ scheme or eco-label (or no engineered wood is used).
0.75 points
(5)
N/A
Where a product holds a third-party verified eco-label, this product may be deemed to comply with VOC
requirements. Eco-labels generally specify maximum permissible VOC content within a particular product type.
Eco-labels deemed compliant for this credit can be found on the NZGBC website (www.nzgbc.org.nz).
Indoor Air Quality Schemes test the emission rates of VOCs. Products certified with a recognised IAQ Scheme
are deemed to comply with the criteria. For a list of recognised IAQ schemes, refer to the NZGBC website
(www.nzgbc.org.nz).
Project teams may demonstrate through the provision of product data sheets or test results that a particular
product meets the VOC content or emission requirements of a recognised Eco-label or the emission
requirements of a recognised IAQ scheme. Where test results are provided, a test report from a competent
laboratory comparing the VOC limits of the product as measured against the limits set by the recognised label/
scheme(s) is acceptable to show compliance as long as the units of measure are the same. If VOC levels are
determined by laboratory testing, the supporting information must include the test report from a laboratory
competent to complete the relevant test method. Laboratories may demonstrate their competency by being
accredited or registered to ISO/IEC 17025 from International Accreditation New Zealand (IANZ) or other
recognised accreditation agency (e.g. NATA in Australia).
Data Entry
Use MAT Material Summary tab and scorecard tab.
151
Assessment
assessment).
Please refer to the NZGBC website for a list of NZGBC recognised IAQ schemes and eco-labels for this credit.
For a Design Rating review the plans or specifications to confirm what products/materials are specified and
check the datasheets and/or materials’ third party verification scheme certificates to determine if the
product/material is compliant.
For a Built Rating review the invoices/receipts demonstrating the products/materials used in the house and
check the datasheets and/or materials’ third party verification scheme certificates to determine if the
product/material is compliant.
If required (i.e. the compliant products are not specified for 100% of the construction system) perform a
calculation to determine that the 50% threshold is met.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) clearly showing selected products or if exact products have not been
selected stating requirements to be met.
Product data sheet or certificate demonstrating compliance with an approved eco-label or IAQ Scheme or
table MAT2.1.
Calculations for construction systems that do not have 100% compliance.
Built Rating
Invoices or Supplier/Installer conformation letters clearly showing selected products.
Photographs of the products on site.
Product data sheet demonstrating compliance of each product with an approved eco-label or IAQ scheme or
certificate demonstrating compliance with an approved eco-label or IAQ scheme or table MAT2.1.
Calculations for construction systems that don’t have 100% compliant products.
Additional Guidance
The following sections outline the maximum Toxic and Volatile organic compound (TVOC) content acceptable
for various materials
Applied Coatings
Applied coatings are defined as:
•
•
Any liquid applied finish including paints, varnish, stains and oils;
Any paint, varnish or protective coating used in an internal application (including both exposed and
concealed applications) and applied on site (non-occupied areas included);
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Homestar Technical Manual Version 3
•
•
Any exterior-grade and solvent-based paints should they happen to be used in an interior application;
AND
Must meet the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) content limits outlined in the following table.
Adhesives and Sealants
Any adhesive and sealant product(s) used in an internal application (including both exposed and concealed
applications) and applied on site (non-occupied areas included), must meet the VOC limit criteria for the
applications outlined below. This includes exterior-grade and solvent-based sealants and adhesives, should
they be used in internal applications.
Engineered Wood Products
The emission levels for engineered wood products must be established by an IANZ (International Accreditation
New Zealand), NATA (National Association of Testing Authorities) or ISO/IEC 17025 registered laboratory as per
the testing methodologies provided below.
Background
People spend over 90% of their lives indoors and their exposure to air pollutants is far greater from breathing
indoor air than outdoor air. It is commonly found that indoor air concentrations of most air pollutants are far
in excess of those outdoors. Consequently there is considerable research underway concerning:
•
•
Eliminating or controlling sources of indoor pollutants; and
Ensuring building ventilation rates are sufficient to remove pollutants for which source control is
limited.
VOC is the term used to describe the several hundred organic chemicals in the boiling point range of 50°C to
260°C. These consist primarily of petrochemical solvent-type compounds such as aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbons, alkenes, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes and esters. The global problems
attributed to VOCs arise from the use of solvents in many industrial processes.
Sources of VOCs in buildings include:
1.
2.
In new buildings: paints, adhesives, carpets, sealants, reconstituted wood products, new furniture;
and
In established buildings: cleaning products, printed materials, office equipment, consumer products,
dry-cleaned clothing and car exhaust.
Due to the large number of compounds, indoor air concentrations are typically based on Total VOC (TVOC)
concentrations, essentially the sum of the individual concentrations.
The health effects of exposure to VOC are consistent with ‘sick building syndrome’ effects – eye, nose and skin
irritation, headache, lethargy. These have been observed in subjects exposed to 1,000 ppb and indoor air goals
have been set to limit exposures to much lower levels.
1.
Environmental Choice New Zealand
http://www.enviro-choice.org.nz/
2.
http://www.nzgbc.org.nz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=698&Itemid=436
153
Site
154
STE-1 Stormwater Management
Aim
To encourage and recognise houses/sites that reduce stormwater run-off from buildings and hard surfaces, to
mitigate flooding and pollution.
Credit Criteria
Up to 3 points are available as follows:
Site stormwater runoff
For standalone/ Terrace houses
Up to 2points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that either 75% or 90% of the site (not including area
under roof) is:
• Permeable
OR
• Designed to capture stormwater runoff for infiltration through permanent on site stormwater
management systems e.g. vegetated swale, on site rain garden or storm water retention tanks.
(1)
At least 75% of the site (not including area under roof) meets the above criteria.
1.0 point
(2)
2 points
For Apartments:
Up to 1.5 points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that either 75% or 90% of the site (not including
area under roof) is:
• Permeable
OR
• Designed to capture stormwater runoff for infiltration through permanent on site stormwater
management systems e.g. vegetated swale, on site rain garden or storm water retention tanks.
(1)
0.5 point
(2)
1 points
Roof stormwater runoff
One point is awarded where the stormwater associated with the roof is effectively managed on site with
either:
•
A living roof
OR
•
By vegetated swale, on site rain garden, or stormwater retention tanks.
(1)
Equivalent to at least 20% of the total roof area.
0.5 points
(2)
Equivalent to 100% of the total roof area.
1.0 point
155
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
The Homestar Assessor is to assess the permeability of the site and/or the provision and estimated
effectiveness of the onsite stormwater management systems and award points where these are deemed to
comply with the Credit Criteria above. This should be done by reviewing the site plan or visually checking the
site and calculating the total percentage of permeable area as well as checking for the inclusion of permanent
on site stormwater management systems.
Paving cannot be considered permeable unless it meets the requirements set out in the Additional Guidance
below. Where the dwelling being certified is located in a larger building, and therefore shares a common
building and common site with other dwellings an overall site approach may be taken for this credit and the
results applied to each dwelling within the building.
The Homestar Assessor cannot award any points for onsite stormwater management systems if they have any
doubt that the systems will be able to effectively manage the site’s stormwater during one in fifty year storm,
24hr duration event (taking into account regional climate).
Assessors can use the http://hirds.niwa.co.nz/ website to determine the amount of rainfall generated in the
1:50, 24hr duration rainfall event at that location. Then multiply this figure by the roof area and the run off
coefficient of the roof (see WAT-1 for details). The result is considered as an approximation of the rainwater
volume which will be collected by roof area in the 1: 50 year storm. If the size of rainwater tanks is bigger than
the calculated rainwater volume, then the dwelling can claim that 100% of rainwater volume from roof area
can be managed, if not, then check if at least 20% can be managed.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Site plan clearly highlighting the type and extent of compliant areas e.g. grass/garden or driveway directing
stormwater into on site stormwater management system.
Calculation demonstrating the percentage of the site that is permeable.
Evidence that the system will be able to effectively manage the site’s stormwater during a 1:50 year storm.
Site plan highlighting the location and size of permanent on site stormwater management systems associated
with roof stormwater runoff.
Built Rating
Photographs referenced to a site plan highlighting the type and extent of compliant areas e.g. grass/garden or
driveway directing stormwater into on site stormwater management system.
156
Calculation demonstrating the percentage of the site that is permeable.
Photograph(s) of permanent onsite stormwater management systems.
Marked up site plan highlighting the location and size of permanent on site stormwater management systems
associated with roof stormwater runoff.
Photograph(s) of permanent on site stormwater management systems associated with roof stormwater
runoff.
Built Streamlining
Additional Guidance
The amount of permeable area within a site is determined by firstly subtracting the roof area and associated
eaves from the total site area. Living roofs and associated eaves are also subtracted from the total site area as
roofs are considered under the ‘roof stormwater runoff’ component of this credit. All impermeable surfaces
such as concreted driveways are then subtracted from the remaining site area and a percentage of compliant
area is calculated.
The roofs of sheds, garages and carports separate to the main dwelling may be subtracted from the total site
area before calculating the percentage of permeable area on site but they must then be included in the total
roof area.
The following list outlines common surfaces that are to be considered impermeable:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Concreted driveways and car parks
Concreted footpaths
Decks (including wooden decks where there are no gaps between timber planks)
Paved patio areas (refer to permeable paving in section below)
Swimming/spa pools
Separate sheds, garages and roofed car ports.
Types of areas that are considered to be permeable or designed to capture stormwater runoff for infiltration
for the purposes of this credit include but are not limited to:
•
•
•
Vegetative landscape e.g. grass and garden (excluding living roofs as these are considered under the
‘roof stormwater runoff’ component of this credit);
Permeable paving including porous above ground materials with a six inch porous sub-base e.g.
open pavers, pebbles; and
Specific impermeable surfaces (e.g. concrete driveway) designed to direct stormwater runoff
towards an appropriate permanent on site stormwater management system e.g. vegetated swale,
on site rain garden or storm water retention tank.
157
This credit encourages the implementation of living roofs and attenuation of stormwater from the roof of the
dwelling. It is unlikely that a living roof by itself will be capable of effectively managing all of the stormwater
collected. Therefore additional stormwater management systems are required to be used in conjunction with
living roofs in order for all of the stormwater captured by the roof to be effectively managed on site. Separate
shed/garage/carport roofing should be included in the total roof area if it is excluded from the site area.
Estimation of onsite stormwater management system effectiveness
When estimating the effectiveness of onsite stormwater management systems the Homestar Assessor must
consider the following:
•
•
•
Retention tanks
These must be sized appropriately depending on the catchment area they serve.
Rain gardens
These look and function like any other garden except they treat runoff and are specifically designed
with a layer of 100mm of mulch, 600mm (minimum) to 1,000mm of planting soil, and planted with
both grasses and shrubs. Rain gardens must be sized appropriately depending on the catchment area
they serve.
Swales
These are generally suitable for gradients between one and four percent. On steeper slopes check
dams may be required within the swales to prevent high velocities and subsequent erosion. A piped
underdrain can also be incorporated into the design. Vegetative cover of swales generally consists of a
dense continuous cover of relatively long grass. The grass should be maintained at a height of not less
than 35mm and typically 150mm. Swales must be sized appropriately depending on the catchment
area they serve.
Homestar Assessor on site guidance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Identify any overland flow paths on or adjacent to the site (also refer to building consent drainage
plans if available).
Assess the layout of the development in relation to any overland flow paths.
Identify the amount of impervious area added to the site post development.
Identify the onsite stormwater management systems implemented.
Subtract the roof and associated eaves from the total site area. Subtract the area of impermeable
surfaces from the remaining area and establish a percentage of compliant area.
Estimate the effectiveness of onsite stormwater management systems. The Homestar Assessor must
use his/her discretion when ascertaining if the onsite stormwater management systems are effective.
Background
Stormwater is the water that runs off surfaces such as roofs, roads, driveways and other impermeable
surfaces. In urban areas, it typically runs down drains into stormwater pipes or channels and is carried to
rivers, lakes or the sea. Stormwater on private property is the responsibility of the property owner and when
not properly managed, can cause the flooding, erosion and pollution of waterways. Residential development
results in an increase in the area of impermeable surfaces on a site e.g. driveways and buildings. In addition,
development often results in areas of earth around buildings being compacted, the removal of vegetation and
1
changes in the natural drainage systems.
The purpose of this credit is to encourage on site stormwater management systems that achieve the following
objectives:
1.
To prevent downstream flooding
An increased impermeable surface within a property both reduces the volume of runoff that infiltrates
naturally back into the ground and causes runoff to discharge faster. Without controls in place this can
result in peak flows and discharge volumes associated with storm events increasing from a property.
158
This additional flow can cause localised flooding and contributes to wider catchment flooding
1
problems downstream .
2.
To prevent increased erosion and change to downstream watercourses
Development has the potential to cause a change in the pattern of stormwater discharges to streams.
In particular, an increase in impermeable surface areas within a catchment can result in stormwater
being transmitted faster to streams. As a result there are more occurrences in a year of short, high
flow events associated with regular rainfall conditions than would have occurred pre-development.
This change in stream response to rainfall can result in significant channel erosion, which in turn
1
adversely affects stream habitat .
3.
To minimise the potential for increased discharge of contaminants
Stormwater runoff generated on impermeable areas, particularly roads, tends to pick up
contaminants. These contaminants have the potential to pollute and degrade streams and sensitive
1
coastal receiving environments ;
This credit also aims to encourage the uptake of both native and exotic living roofs within New Zealand, as
these have been shown to help reduce stormwater runoff and provide other benefits to the site. Although not
mandatory at this stage, owners are encouraged to use native plants in their living roofs.
1.
2.
Level (residential stormwater control)
http://www.level.org.nz/water/wastewater/on-site-wastewater-treatment/stormwater-control-andlandscaping/
ARC Technical Publication (TP10)
http://www.arc.govt.nz/plans/technical-publications/technical-publications-1-50.cfm
3.
Smarter Homes (residential stormwater control)
http://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/water/managing-stormwater/
4.
NZ Water and Wastes Association (Keep it Clean: Preventing Stormwater Pollution booklet)
http://www.waternz.org.nz/documents/publications/books_guides/stormwater_booklet.pdf
5.
Living Roofs
http://www.livingroofs.org.nz/page/5-Home
159
STE-2 Native Ecology
Aim
To encourage and recognise the ecological enhancement of a site through the planting of native species
appropriate to that site.
Credit Criteria
Up to one and a half points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that 10%, 25% or 50% of the land area
(not including area under roof) is vegetated with native species appropriate to that.
(1)
At least 10% of the land area
0.5 points
(2)
1.0 point
3
1.5 points
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
The Homestar Assessor is to estimate the percentage of the land area (not including area under roof) that is
vegetated with native species appropriate to that site (refer to Additional Guidance). This can be done by
reviewing the site/landscape plan or visually inspecting the site for areas vegetated with native species. The
Assessor must then perform a calculation to determine what area of the site is covered in native species.
Where plants are located in a clearly designated garden bed, then the area of the entire garden bed may be
counted. When plants are located in a standalone space (i.e. a tree in a lawn) then use the drip line of the
plant. In a Design Rating the drip line of a plant is to estimated as the size that the plant will be when the
dwelling is being assessed for the Built Rating. In a Built Rating the drip line is what is observed on site at the
time of certification, not the size the plant may grow to at some time in the future.
Where the dwelling being certified is located in a larger building, and therefore shares a common building and
common site with other dwellings an overall site approach may be taken for this credit and the results applied
to each dwelling within the building. For clarity only common areas may be considered as part of this
approach, for example a roof-top garden which is only accessible to, and under the control of an apartment on
the top storey, shouldn’t be counted as ‘common’, but can be attributed to the specific dwelling.
Permanently fixed pots and planters on balconies and terraces may be counted towards this credit in line with
the guidance in the paragraph above.
Where the dwelling being assessed is located in a larger development, and an overall site assessment is being
undertaken, roads, roundabouts and public circulation pavements may be excluded from the land area
calculation, but driveways to dwellings must still be included. This is because the assessment of stand alone
dwellings naturally excludes what is considered public roadage, but in larger developments such infrastructure
is within the site boundaries and taking it into consideration unfairly penalises.
160
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Site/landscape plan with calculation demonstrating the percentage of the site vegetated with native species
appropriate to the site.
Built Rating
Photograph(s) of key areas vegetated with native species appropriate to the site.
Calculation demonstrating the percentage of the site vegetated with native species appropriate to that site.
Additional Guidance
Native species appropriate to the site
Homestar Assessors are expected to be able to differentiate between native and exotic species with the aid of
the resources in the References and Further Information section below, in particular the relevant resources
published by the local Council.
There are two primary issues to be considered when deeming whether a native species is appropriate to a
given site:
•
•
Regional biodiversity: Local flora and fauna evolve to depend on certain species being present and
owners are encouraged to provide suitable ‘regional’ habitat through appropriate native planting. The
Homestar Assessor is encouraged to use the local Council’s guidelines on which native species are
appropriate to the region where this information is available.
The likelihood of a specimen’s survival without a significant amount of maintenance: Native plants
adapted to local conditions are likely to require less maintenance such as watering in order to survive.
Local native plants are likely to be more suited to the soils and climate of that region.
Where the local Council does not provide guidance on which native species are appropriate to the region, the
Homestar Assessor is to take the following steps:
1.
The Homestar Assessor is to decide which of the following categories the site fits into:
a)
Sub-tropical: Warm summer. Mild winter with rare frost. Auckland, Northland, Coromandel
and east coast areas to Tauranga and Mount Maunganui excluding inland areas which have
10
frequent frosts .
b) Temperate: Warm summer, cool wet winter. Occasional frosts. North Island - Hamilton and
western coastal areas as far as Wellington. Rotorua and all east coast areas from Bay of
Plenty south. South Island - Nelson and West Coast areas south to Greymouth. Picton and
10
east coast south through Christchurch, Dunedin to Invercargill .
c)
2.
Semi-alpine: Warm summer. Cold winter with frosts. Taupo, parts of Waikato in shadow of
10
the mountains, Wairarapa. Inland areas of Otago, Canterbury and all Southern Lakes areas .
The Homestar Assessor is then to ascertain whether the species present on the site are appropriate to
the region using the resources in the References and Further Information section below. The
Homestar Assessor is also to consider the appropriateness of species when a site is coastal as opposed
to inland within one of the three categories listed above.
161
Appropriate native specimens overhanging from an adjoining property
If an appropriate native specimen overhangs the subject site but its base resides in an adjoining property, the
drip line of the specimen can contribute to the percentage of the land area covered by appropriate native
species unless there are pest species within the drip line at ground level on the subject site. This is because the
specimen is likely to be of a significant size, is more likely to remain in perpetuity and may also be protected by
the local Council.
When specifying or advising on appropriate planting, other factors for consideration also include:
•
•
•
•
Shading: Good planting should avoid negatively impacting solar gain, while appropriate use of
deciduous plants near north-facing windows can provide beneficial summer shading.
Damage to paint/walls of house: Avoid placing large trees and shrubs too close to the house
Ventilation: Keep foundation vents clear
Water consumption: Consider the likely water consumption of the chosen landscaping. For example,
native ground cover and shrubs will consume less water than lawn.
Background
4
Since human settlement, New Zealand has one of the worst records of native biodiversity loss in the world .
More than 80% of New Zealand’s native plant species are not found anywhere else in the world and they
4
support a habitat for many insects and birds that are unique to this country . Fire, land clearance, over
exploitation of resources and the introduction of plants and animals have had a cumulative negative effect on
native biodiversity. As a result about 1,000 of our known animal, plant, and fungi species are considered
4
threatened and an increasing number are now threatened with extinction.
4
Every year, several hundred more plant species arrive in New Zealand . Nearly 2,000 exotic plant species are
4
now established in the wild. In urban Auckland, four new species go wild each year . There are now more
7
introduced plant species growing wild in New Zealand than native plant species . Only seven species of
7
invasive weeds have been successfully eradicated from New Zealand .
The purpose of this credit is to reward residential development that has a limited impact on the local ecology
and/or enhance the site through the re-introduction of native species.
Native species
Refer to the local Council website for a list of commonly grown native species within the region.
1.
NZ Plant Conservation Network (native plant/tree identification)
http://nzpcn.org.nz/page.asp?conservation_restoration_native_gardening_native_plants
2.
Department of Conservation – Plant Me Instead (relevant publication)
http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/native-plants/plant-me-instead/
3.
The Native Plant Centre (native plant/tree identification)
http://www.nznativeplants.co.nz/
4.
NZ Biodiversity Website
https://www.biodiversity.govt.nz/index.html
Pest species
Refer to the local Council website for a list of common pest species within the region.
162
5.
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) – National Pest Plant Accord (pest identification)
http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/pests/plants/nppa/nppa-accord-manual.pdf
6.
Landcare Research (pest identification tool)
http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biosystematics/plants/nppakey/
7.
Weedbusters Website
http://weedbusters.co.nz/about_weedbusters/index.asp
8.
Department of Conservation
http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/threats-and-impacts/weeds/
Climatic zones
9.
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/overview
10. Garden Grow
http://www.gardengrow.co.nz/zones/
163
STE-3 On Site Food Production
Aim
To encourage and recognise onsite food production on residential sections.
Credit Criteria
Up to one and a half points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that the following is met:
Vegetable Garden
Standalone / Terraced house
(1)
1m² of designated vegetable garden per bedroom.
1.0 point
1m² of designated vegetable garden per bedroom in the building up to a maximum
area equivalent to the building footprint.
Fruit Producing Trees and Vines
Standalone
(2)
One food producing tree or vines per bedroom.
0.5 points
Terraced house / Multi-unit Developments
Where fruit trees are in common areas and shared among more than three dwellings
(i.e. attached terraces or apartments) there should be at least one tree or vine per
dwelling, up to a maximum of 10 individual plants.
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Review the landscape plan or visually check the site for the designated vegetable garden and food producing
tree(s)/vine(s space(s).
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the designated vegetable garden and/or food producing
tree(s)/vine(s).
Built Rating
Photograph(s) of the designated vegetable garden space.
164
Photograph(s) of food producing tree(s)/vine(s).
Additional Guidance
Designated
There is potential for grassed/landscaped areas or structures that the owner/tenant intends to convert into
vegetable garden space to remain in perpetuity and not be used as a vegetable garden space. Therefore in
order for an area to be considered as designated vegetable garden space it must either be planted with
vegetables, be bare earth or be covered in mulch at the time of assessment. Raised vegetable gardens are also
acceptable however the structure and soil must be in place at the time of assessment.
Food producing plants/vines/trees in pots
For the purposes of this credit, food producing plants/vines/trees that are based in movable pots cannot be
considered. Similarly, raised beds should only be considered ‘permanent’ when they are large enough so that it
is unlikely that the current owner/tenant would remove them if they were to move to another house.
Food producing trees and vines overhanging from an adjoining property
The Homestar Assessor is to exclude food producing trees and vines that overhang the subject site but are
based on an adjoining property when assessing the number of food producing trees and vines on site. This is
because they can be removed at any time by the neighbour and depending on the species they may require
regular maintenance in order to produce fruit and or vegetables, which is outside of the control of the subject
site owner(s)/tenant(s).
Multi-unit / Terraced Houses
Where fruit trees are in common areas and shared among more than three dwellings (i.e. attached terraces or
apartments) there should be at least one tree or vine per dwelling, up to a maximum of 10 individual plants.
For example groups of:
•
•
•
•
3 apartments would need three trees
5 would need five
10 would need ten
20 would need ten.
Background
Planting fruit and vegetables can have both health and environmental benefits. Growing fruit and vegetables
helps to reduce the amount of fuel required for transporting food as well as reducing the amount of packaging
associated with bought food..
The table below is an extract from a study done in 2007 on the ‘Metrics of local Environmental Sustainability –
A Case Study in Auckland’ by Sumita Ghosh, Robert and Brenda Vale. The study showed that the energy that it
takes to produce the vegetables that a household consumes is on average greater than the total energy
required by that household to travel to work.
165
Figure STE 3.1
1.
My Garden (what vegetables to plant in your region and when)
http://www.mygarden.co.nz/What-Vegetables-To-Grow-In-Your-Region.aspx
2.
Garden NZ (growing fruit and vegetable guidance)
http://www.garden-nz.co.nz/grow-your-own/grow-your-own.html/
3.
Sustainable Living Education Trust (gardening courses)
http://www.sustainableliving.org.nz/Courses.aspx
4.
Out Of Our Own Back Yards (connecting with other dwelling growers)
http://ooooby.ning.com/
5.
‘Metrics of local Environmental Sustainability – A Case Study in Auckland’ by Sumita Ghosh, Robert
and Brenda Vale.
166
STE-4 Site Selection
Aim
To encourage and recognise the building of dwellings on previously developed sites in areas that allow for
walking, cycling and/or public transport thereby reducing dependency on private vehicles.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that the site is either:
(1)
Located within 800 metres of four key amenities
1.0 point
(2)
Located within 800 metres of at least 1 public transport services terminal and
transport services available every weekday.
1.0 point
(3)
A site that has previously experienced development
1.0 point
Previously developed site is defined as that which is or was occupied by a permanent structure (excluding
agricultural or forestry buildings), and associated fixed surface infrastructure (i.e. urban land uses such as
transport, utilities, residential and commerce and community services).
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Key amenities
For the purposes of this credit the following are considered to be key amenities. Note that only one item from
each bullet point may be claimed as a key amenity where more than one type is grouped together. For
example a chemist and a medical centre cannot be considered as two separate key amenities. The exception to
this rule is that more than one education facility can be counted if within 800 metres e.g. a childcare facility
and a school can be counted as two separate key amenities.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Café / restaurant / takeaways
Chemist / medical centre
Community centre
Dairy / service station
Designated cycleway
Educational facility
Fitness centre / gym
Marae
Place of worship
Post office
Public library
Public park / domain / sports field
Supermarket / superette
167
STE-5 Common Area Facilities
Public transport services
The proximity of public transport stops and hubs within 800m walking distance shall be confirmed during the
site visit. The Homestar Assessor shall discuss the walking route(s) suggested by Google Maps (or similar) with
the owner/tenant (if able) because Google Maps (or similar) tend to rely on roads only. There may be other
pathways that are available and commonly used. The acceptance of alternative pathways is at the discretion of
the Homestar Assessor.
Previously Developed
Use a website such as Google Earth to locate an aerial photograph of the site showing the most recent
development on the site prior to the proposed dwelling. This point may be assumed for existing dwellings.
Audit Documentation
Key amenities
Location plan showing all amenities within 800m walking distance from the dwelling.
Public transport services
List of public transport terminals that are available within 800m walking distance and documents
demonstrating that transport services are available every weekday.
Previously Developed
Aerial photograph showing most recent development.
Additional Guidance
Walkscore® website
The Walkscore® website can be used to determine the number of key amenities located within 800 metres of
the site. View the available amenities and note those shown as within 800m. More amenities types can be
found using the following terms in the ‘Search Nearby’ option.
Use the map of the area provided on the page to apply common sense when looking under each category e.g.
is there an area of green on the map that could be a park yet is not listed. Record the key amenities located
within 800 metres of the site. Confirm the existence of these key amenities and discuss your list of key
amenities with the owner/tenant to ensure accuracy (if able).
The Walkscore® website is not 100% accurate. Therefore it is important that the Homestar Assessor discusses
the key amenities identified within 800 m with the owner/tenant. In particular the Walkscore® website is may
not identify the following:
•
•
•
•
•
Small neighbourhood parks
New cafes
New Zealand specific education facilities e.g. wananga
Places of worship other than churches
Designated cycle ways.
If the Walkscore® website does not identify known key amenities within approximately 800 metres then the
Homestar Assessor can use the Google Maps walking distance facility to ascertain the exact distance between
the site and the key amenity.
168
The Homestar Assessor shall also discuss the walking route(s) available between the site and the key amenities
and public transport stops/hubs in the area because the owner/tenant may be aware of alternative routes to
those used in the Walkscore® website and Google Maps walking distance facility. The acceptance of alternative
pathways is at the discretion of the Homestar Assessor.
Public transport service
This is defined as any bus, train, and tram or ferry service going in any direction from a stop within 800m of the
site and available every weekday.
Background
New Zealand has one of the highest levels of per capita car ownership in the world. It is clear that New
Zealanders use their cars as their main mode of transport and often there is only one person in the car at any
one time.
Other transport options must be provided for and encouraged in order to prevent continued growth of
transport related greenhouse gas emissions, urban air and water pollution as well as social impacts such as
traffic congestion.
This credit encourages dwellings to be located within close proximity of amenities that owners/tenants
commonly use in an attempt to reduce the number of short trips made in private vehicles.
The 800 metre threshold for key amenities was set based on what an average person could walk in the space
5
of approximately ten minutes . The list of key amenities used in this credit are those that are considered to be
most regularly frequented and therefore result in private vehicle use if located beyond a ten minute walk from
the dwelling.
1.
Walkscore®
http://www.walkscore.com/
2.
Google Maps
http://maps.google.co.nz/
3.
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/transport/
4.
New Zealand Transport Strategy 2008
http://www.transport.govt.nz/ourwork/Documents/NZTS2008.pdf
5.
NZTA Pedestrian Planning and Design Guide 2009
http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/pedestrian-planning-guide/
169
Aim
To encourage and recognise the building of dwellings that enable residents to engage in a broad range of
activities in common areas.
Credit Criteria
Only applicable for apartments
0.25 points, up to a maximum of 1 point, isawarded for each common area facility provided from the below
list:
(a)
Playground area
(b)
Open landscaped areas for active play
(c)
Sun shaded area
(d)
Gym
(e)
Seating
(f)
Outdoor dining
Data Entry
Use scorecard tab.
Assessment
Common Area facilities:
a. Playground area
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually check for the presence of playground facilities located
within the site. This includes items such as climbing apparatuses, balance beams, ropes, swings, flying foxes,
etc. Playground areas are to be exclusively for play and must be fenced off. They must be sufficiently large to
allow play by groups of up to 20 children and must be sized accordingly. Playgrounds must include rubber tiles
or equivalent to ensure the safety of children in the event of a fall. Playgrounds must comply with New Zealand
Standard 5828:2004 Playground equipment and surfacing.
b. Open landscaped areas for active play
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually check for the presence of open areas, located within the
site, for group and/or individual play such as areas for running, jumping chasing, ball games, sporting activities
and areas for wheeled types such as bike pathways. Landscaped areas for active play must be a minimum of
25% of the total site area, excluding the area under roof.
c. Sun shaded area
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually check to confirm that 25% or more of the total outdoor
communal facilities are shaded from the sun at any time between 9am and 5pm. The shading can be from
trees, buildings or sun sails or other sun shading devices.
170
d Gym
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually check for the presence of an gym that includes, as a
minimum, three separate facilities for exercise. Instructions must be signposted for all the exercise facilities.
e. Seating
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually for the presence of seating that is located in at least two
different quiet areas with views of landscaped areas.
f. Outdoor dining
Review the Drawing(s) and specification(s) or visually for the presence of an outdoor dining area that at a
minimum allows for two separate dinner parties of minimum 6 people. Signage should be in place explaining
the communal nature of the facility, and how to use and maintain it appropriately. The following must be
provided: seating and tables, sun-shading and lighting.
Audit Documentation
Design Rating
Playground Area
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the presence of a compliant playground area.
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the presence of an open landscaped areas for active play.
Sun shaded area
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing that 25% or more of the total outdoor communal facilities are
shaded from the sun at any time between 9am and 5pm.
Gym
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the presence of an gym that includes, as a minimum, three
separate facilities for exercise.
Seating
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the presence of presence of seating that is located in at least two
different quiet areas with views of landscaped areas.
Outdoor dining
Drawing(s) and/or specification(s) showing the presence of a compliant outdoor dining area.
Built Rating
Playground Area
Photograph(s) showing the presence of a compliant playground area.
Photograph(s) showing the presence of an open landscaped areas for active play.
Sun shaded area
171
Photograph(s) showing that 25% or more of the total outdoor communal facilities are shaded from the sun at
any time between 9am and 5pm.
Outdoor Gym
Photograph(s) showing the presence of an outdoor gym that includes, as a minimum, three separate facilities
for exercise.
Seating
Photograph(s) showing the presence of presence of seating that is located in at least two different quiet areas
with views of landscaped areas.
Outdoor dining
Photograph(s) showing the presence of a compliant outdoor dining area.
Built Streamlining
Additional Guidance
Background
There is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates how communal green spaces can offer lasting
economic, social, cultural and environmental benefits. These benefits include increasing the values of
dwellings, improving the image of an area and attracting investment, contributing to the protection of
biodiversity and promoting exercise and other activities beneficial to the health of residents (CABE Space,
2005). Outdoor communal facilities are not only a good way to use the available space in a residential
development in the most efficient way, but can contribute significantly to the wellbeing and sense of
community experienced by residents.
In 2004, the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) Space published “The Value of
Public Space”, a collation of research that highlighted a wide range of benefits that outdoor communal
facilities can offer. The contributions included:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A Merseyside study that showed how the presence of trees and green spaces can make places
pleasantly cooler in summer and reduce surface water run off;
A study of biodiversity in urban gardens in Sheffield that found almost as many plant species as the
total number of species native to Britain;
Research that found that people with access to nearby natural settings are healthier overall that other
individuals, and are more satisfied with life in general (Townsend as cited in O’Çonnor, 2008). More
specifically, access to nature promotes lower blood pressure and cholesterol (Townsend as cited in
O’Çonnor, 2008).
Findings to the effect that having access to appealing natural environments encourages physical
activity, and has a claming effect on participants. This can lead to reduced stress, blood pressure and
cholesterol (Townsend as cited in O’Çonnor, 2008).
Findings showing that community gardens and urban farms increase social including by providing
opportunities for interaction.
Conclusions suggesting that providing multiple types of outdoor facilities can help to stimulate
different kinds of activity in the shared space throughout the day. For example it is important to
provide many different activity zones within parks for both actives and passive uses, in order to
encourage use by as diverse range of people as possible.
Work highlighting the importance of providing homes with access to high-quality private spaces as
well as public areas.
172
•
A well designed playground should provide children with the opportunity to develop important
physical and social skills, as well as simply to have fun.
1.
Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) Space 2005), Star with the park
www.cabe.org.uk
2.
‘The benefit of nature on nuture’, O’Çonnor, T (2008) The Sydney Morning herald, 21 May. accessed
2009
173
Innovation
174
INN Innovation
INN Innovation
Aim
To recognise and encourage the uptake of building initiatives which significantly reduce the environmental
impact of the dwelling.
Credit Criteria
Up to five points are awarded at the discretion of the New Zealand Green Building Council (NZGBC), where it is
demonstrated that, either:
A design feature, technology or strategy results in a quantified environmental benefit
which significantly exceeds an existing Homestar benchmark.
(1)
Up to 5 points
OR
A design feature, technology or strategy, which is not recognised under the existing
Homestar benchmarks, provides a significant environmental benefit.
(2)
Up to 5 points
Assessment
More than one innovative feature, technology or strategy per project can be rewarded innovation points. The
number of points awarded per innovation is dependent on the significance of the innovation, which is at the
discretion of the NZGBC.
Each innovation will be assessed against the following criteria:
•
The significance of the quantified environmental benefit.
•
Whether the delivery of the innovation included investigative and/or experimental activities.
The NZGBC will not award innovation points unless it is demonstrated that the proposed environmental
benefit is significant and realistic. The innovation must not have adverse effects on the resource use,
environmental impact or health of the dwelling or occupants. Refer to the Innovations register available on the
NZGBC website under Homestar\ Homestar Professionals\ Resources for Homestar professionals
(http://www.nzgbc.org.nz/Category?Action=View&Category_id=263).
The following information shall be submitted by the Homestar Assessor with each innovation application. The
Innovation Point Request Form can be downloaded from the NZGBC website.
Audit Documentation
Completed Innovation Point Request Form (refer to NZGBC website).
Drawings/diagrams/photos and other supporting documentation as appropriate.
Additional Guidance
All innovations(as determined by the NZGBC) will be listed publicly on the Homestar website.
Where a design feature, technology or strategy is awarded an innovation point, and the initiative is not
currently recognised within Homestar, up to 100 projects will be eligible for an innovation point if they
incorporate the same initiative.
175
INN Innovation
Background
The majority of benchmarks within the Homestar credits are stretch targets that are intended to raise the
performance of the New Zealand residential sector. It is important that Homestar recognises and rewards
those dwelling owners who include design features, technologies and strategies that exceed the highest
relevant benchmark within Homestar. It is also important that Homestar encourages and rewards innovative
design features, technologies and strategies that are not benchmarked within the existing framework. This
innovation credit is included in Homestar to allow such recognition and expedite the spreading of new design
features, technologies and strategies throughout the New Zealand residential sector.
1.
Homestar
www.Homestar.org.nz
2.
www.nzgbc.org.nz
176
Governance and Quality
6 Governance and Quality
Homestar was originally developed through a joint venture agreement between the New Zealand Green
Building Council (NZGBC), the Build Research Association of New Zealand (BRANZ) and Beacon Pathway.
Further details about these organisations and the governance structure for Homestar are provided below.
Homestar is now wholly owned and administered by NZGBC.
6.1 BRANZ
BRANZ Group, comprising BRANZ Inc. and BRANZ Ltd and their partly-owned subsidiaries, is owned and
directed by New Zealand's building and construction industry. BRANZ is an independent and impartial
research, testing, consulting and information company providing services and resources for the building
industry.
BRANZ’s two main areas of activity are to:
•
•
Research and investigate the construction and design of buildings that impact the built environment
in New Zealand;
Enable the transfer of knowledge from the research community into the commercial building and
construction industry.
BRANZ’s core purpose is to improve people's lives through research and to inform, educate and motivate those
who shape the built environment.
6.2 New Zealand Green Building Council
The New Zealand Green Building Council (NZGBC) is a not-for-profit, industry organisation dedicated to
accelerating the development and adoption of market-based green building practices.
The NZGBC vision is that New Zealanders live, work and play in healthy, efficient and productive buildings in a
sustainable built environment.
The NZGBC aims to achieve this through:
•
•
•
Promoting the benefits of sustainable buildings by creating a common language and demonstrating
the value.
Assisting the property and construction sector to acquire the skills and knowledge to be able to
deliver a sustainable built environment.
Motivating and rewarding the sustainable development and operation of buildings across New
Zealand.
The development of Homestar has been led by the Joint Venture of New Zealand Green Building Council
(NZGBC), BRANZ and Beacon Pathway. Further details about these organisations and the governance structure
for Homestar are provided below.
6.3 Beacon Pathway
Beacon Pathway is an Incorporated Society committed to transforming New Zealand's homes and
neighbourhoods through research and demonstration projects that show how to make homes more resource
efficient, healthier to live in, adaptable, resilient and affordable. Our members include: EECA, Christchurch City
Council, Certified Builders, New Zealand Steel, Resene, and Insulpro Manufacturing. Beacon takes a
collaborative approach, bringing together other stakeholders in New Zealand’s residential built environment to
create greater change.
177
Governance and Quality
6.4 Homestar credibility
The Joint Venture partners brought together a wealth of experience in the field of green building practices,
rating tool development, research and industry facilitation to the table to co-ordinate and deliver Homestar.
International precedents, including the Code for Sustainable Dwellings from the UK and LEED for Dwellings
from the US, also informed the development of Homestar. In addition assessments are undertaken by
individuals trained and accredited by Homestar. This ensures:
•
•
Competition in the market for assessment services;
Homestar Assessors work to the same quality standards.
6.5 Robust technical standards
The aims and objectives of Homestar were guiding principles throughout the development of the tool. In line
with these aims and objectives, criteria within Homestar are required to:
•
•
•
•
•
Result in an improvement in the performance of the dwelling;
Be evidence-based;
Have stretch yet durable targets in the upper (star band) end, while having stepped quantitative
targets for the remaining stars ;
Be demonstrable and measureable and;
Be applicable to both new and existing dwellings.
Where it is not possible to set specific targets using hard science or research, sensible practical measures have
been recommended to minimise environmental impact or enhance the environment of the dwelling and its
occupants.
6.6 Updates and feedback
Homestar has been developed based on the best available scientific information. As more research is
undertaken into green dwellings, Homestar will be updated to reflect new information, practices, tools and
references.
There are three levels of updates that are applied to the tool.
Table 6.1: Homestar version numbering
Tool Version
Scope
Governance and Process
Review
2.0
Any
change
that
dramatically affects the
assessment criteria of a
credit, or changes the
weighting of a credit.
Recommendations proposed and agreed by
TWG. Feedback and expert opinion sought if
required.
Governance
approval
of
recommendations
required
before
implementation
Amendment
2.1
Change limited to within
a credit, e.g. a change to
the credit criteria or
assessment method
Reviewed by TWG and implemented by NZGBC
as required.
2.1.1
Simple
wording
or
usability enhancement
Implemented by NZGBC as required.
Update
6.7 Feedback on Homestar
Feedback on Homestar is welcome, please direct feedback to [email protected].
178
Authorisation and Disclaimer
7 Authorisation and Disclaimer
Homestar™ is a sustainability rating system for new and existing homes in New Zealand, aimed at assessing the
environmental and energy efficiency attributes that influence how well a home performs.
Homestar was developed through a joint venture agreement between the New Zealand Green Building Council
(NZGBC), the Build Research Association of New Zealand (BRANZ) and Beacon Pathway. The assistance and
participation of many representatives from organisations across the building & construction and property
sectors means there is considerable Government and industry support. It was first launched into the New
Zealand market in November 2010 with an online self-assessment tool, rapidly followed by a certified tool and
associated worksheets to complete the system. Homestar is now run by NZGBC as part of its portfolio of rating
tools, however it relies heavily on ongoing industry involvement in the upgrade and further development of
the tool.
Homestar, and all accompanying documentation, represents NZGBC’s approved standard to improve the
environmental impact of buildings using established and/or advanced industry principles, practices, materials
and standards.
NZGBC authorises you to view and use Homestar for your individual use only. In exchange for this
authorisation, you agree that NZGBC retains all copyright and other proprietary notices rights contained in and
in relation to Homestar, and you agree not to sell, modify, or use for another purpose the original tool or to
reproduce, display or distribute the tool in any way for any public or commercial purpose, including display on
a website or in a networked environment.
Unauthorised use of Homestar will violate copyright and other laws, and is prohibited. All text, graphics, layout
and other elements of content contained in Homestar and its rating tools are owned by NZGBC and are
protected by copyright, trade mark and other laws.
To the extent permitted by law, NZGBC does not accept responsibility, including for negligence, for any
inaccuracy within Homestar and/or its rating tools and makes no warranty, expressed or implied, including the
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, nor assumes any legal liability or
responsibility to you or any third parties for the accuracy, completeness, or use of, or reliance on, any
information contained in Homestar, or for any injuries, losses or damages (including, without limitation,
equitable relief and economic loss) arising out of such use or reliance.
Homestar is no substitute for professional advice. Dwelling owners should seek professional advice where
appropriate.
To the extent permitted by law, as a condition of use, you covenant not to sue, and agree to waive and release
NZGBC, its officers, agents, employees and its members from any and all claims, demands and causes of action
for any injury, loss, destruction or damage (including, without limitation, equitable relief and economic loss)
that you may now or hereafter have a right to assert against such parties as a result of your use of, or reliance
on, Homestar.
NZGBC does not endorse or otherwise acknowledge uncertified Homestar ratings. NZGBC offers a formal
certification process for ratings; this service provides for independent third-party review of points claimed to
ensure all points can be demonstrated to be achieved by the provision of the necessary documentary
evidence. The use of Homestar without formal certification by NZGBC does not entitle the user or any other
party to promote the Homestar rating achieved.
The application of Homestar to projects is encouraged to assess and improve their environmental design
attributes. A fee is payable to NZGBC for the use of the Certified tool providing formal recognition of the
Homestar rating and the right to promote the same.
You are only authorised to proceed to use Homestar on this basis.
All rights reserved.
179
8 Acknowledgments
8.1 Version 3 update
The NZGBC would like to thank all those who have contributed to this tool update. In particular the NZGBC
would like to acknowledge the extraordinary input by the following members of the Tool Update Technical
Working Group:
•
•
•
•
•
Roman Jaques : BRANZ
Verney Ryan: Beacon Pathway
Matthew Cutler-Welsh: Alexander & Co
Alex Reiche: Envirospec
Rochelle Ade: Ade Payne Enterprises Ltd
8.2 Original development
The original Joint Venture partnership thanks all those who originally contributed content, time and effort in
the development and launch of Homestar.
8.2.1 Original Technical Advisory Group (TAG)
In particular, the Joint Venture partnership acknowledges the extraordinary input by the members of the TAG.
The TAG has been instrumental in the development of the Homestar, inputting into and directing the shape of
the tool and its content.
Industry members and Government departments involved in the TAG include those from:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Building Industry Federation (BIF)
Certified Builders Association (CBA)
Concrete and Cement Association (CCANZ)
Department of Building and Housing (DBH)
Designers Institute of New Zealand (DINZ)
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA)
Hobsonville Land Company Ltd
Institute of Professional Engineers New Zealand (IPENZ)
Ministry for the Environment (MfE)
National Association of Steel-Framed Dwelling (NASH)
New Zealand Building Subcontractors Federation (NZBSF)
New Zealand Institute of Architects (NZIA)
NZ Wood
Registered Master Builders Federation
Right House
These organisations and their representatives have volunteered their time and expertise for industry benefit.
8.2.2 Original Technical team
The Joint Venture provided technical staff to assist in the development of Homestar. The following staff
formed the core technical team for the Homestar project:
•
•
•
•
Liz Root, Dion Cowley, Jeremy Williams, Rebecca Conolly and Rochelle Ade – NZGBC
Rebecca Mills – Ministry of Green (project management)
Roman Jaques – BRANZ
Verney Ryan – Beacon Pathway
180
Acknowledgements
8.2.3 Additional thanks
The Joint Venture also thanks Jane Henley (previous CEO of NZGBC), who was instrumental in instigating the
Homestar project, and Leanne Beard, Acting General Manager for Homestar (2010 – 2012), for their
contribution to the Homestar project.
Additional thanks also go to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Campbell Jenson, Ministry for the Environment
Kate Williams, Bright Mortar Trust
KatjaLietz, Hobsonville Land Company
Kay Saville-Smith, CRESA
Keith Ballagh, Marshall Day Acoustics
Mandy Burt, Lifetime Design
Mark Bassett, BRANZ Ltd
Michael Warwick, Stephenson and Turner
Shay Brazier, Southern Perspectives
181
Appendices
182
Appendix 1
Appendix 1
Audit Submission Guidelines
A good submission is the key to a successful Homestar audit process. The quality of the submission affects the
Homestar auditor’s ability to understand how the project meets the Credit Criteria in the Homestar Technical.
This submission guide provides information pertaining to:
•
•
•
Essential Components of a Submission
Documentation Guidelines
General Submission Guidance
The following provides a brief summary of key issues to consider when compiling a submission.
Essential Components of a Submission
1. Requirements
•
•
•
•
•
Please provide either a CD/USB copy or use a file transfer site such as dropbox (no hard copy is
required).
The appropriate folder filing structure is available for download from the NZGBC website. The ‘folders’
on the CDs must correspond to each Category in the rating tool e.g. EHC, WAT, MAN etc.
Within each Category folder please provide Credit folders for each Credit e.g. EHC-1, EHC-2 etc. Each
Credit folder must contain the required audit documentation as per the Homestar Technical Manual.
Please use high quality colour scanning to maintain coloured highlighting and legibility of small
text/details on plans.
Important note: the maximum size of each PDF file accepted is 10Mb.
2. Administration
Be sure to check the following before submitting:
•
•
No invoices are outstanding
No Credit Interpretation Requests (CIRs) are outstanding
Documentation Guidelines
The following provides specific guidance on the different types of documentation required in the Audit
Documentation Requirements of the Homestar Technical Manual:
General
Submission for each credit includes all documentation stipulated in the Homestar
Technical Manual i.e. does not indicate “information to follow”. Appendices for each credit
may be included, but they must be included within the credit folder and be clearly
referenced and highlighted.

Credits claimed ‘NA’ (not applicable) include the required supporting documentation.

183
All relevant communication with the NZGBC is included (eg. CIR Rulings and Technical
Clarifications relevant to the project) in the applicable credit folder.
All inputs are consistent throughout the subm
ission. Cross check related credits are using the same values.


Specifications
All specification extracts are easily identifiable as project related. Headers and footers are
retained when extracting sections of specifications. If the header or footer does not
reference the dwelling, Assessors are able to submit the cover sheet and contents page of
the specification with each Credit.

Assessors should be wary of labelling specifications as ‘Homestar Issue’ or similar as this
implies that the specification has been specifically created for the Homestar submission
and differs to the contractually binding specification that will be used in reality.
Specifications should also not be in draft format.

Relevant parts of the specification are highlighted to facilitate navigation.

Reports, Letters, Contracts and Schedules
Only relevant sections of reports are submitted and all relevant wording is highlighted.

All reports, letters and contracts shall explicitly refer to the project and be on letterhead
and/or signed where appropriate, in particular when they confirm a commitment.

Ensure that a complete schedule of products (including the percentages where applicable)
is provided where required e.g. MAT-1, MAT-2.

All statements confirming compliance use wording directly from the Homestar Technical
Manual for clarity.

If the documented solution is complex or uncommon, diagrams and an explanation are
provided to assist the assessment/audit.

Drawings/Plans
Relevant elements of drawings shall be highlighted/clouded in colour to make it easier
for the Auditors to find the relevant details, especially small items.

All drawings and schematics must be clear, concise, scaled, and easily identified as
official contractual documents for the specific project.

All drawings and schematics shall have a title bar, date, revision date and be signed (if
relevant).

Design projects: Drawings are NOT in draft form (i.e. Preliminary, HomeStar Submission
Issue, For Information Only etc.). Construction Issue and Tender drawings are
acceptable.

Certified projects: Drawings are As Built (preferred) or For Construction (accepted).
184
Appendix 1
Please ensure that all plans are orientated correctly for viewing i.e. landscape or
portrait as appropriate.

Products and Materials
For products and materials that are demonstrating compliance through an eco-label,
the certificate provided must be current and from an eco-label that is recognised for
the targeted credit as listed on the NZGBC website.

The relevant product must be highlighted on the certificate where the certificate rates
more than one product. Product names certified should match the product names
specified or an explanation should be provided.

General Submission Guidance
•
•
•
•
Please provide all of the audit documents requested in the Homestar Technical Manual e.g. If the
Homestar Technical Manual requests three documents be submitted, then all three documents must
be submitted for the points to be verified.
Any variance from the Credit and/or Assessment criteria requires the submission of a Credit
Interpretation Request (CIR). The CIR form can be downloaded from the NZGBC website. CIRs must
be processed before submittal for audit, not as part of the audit.
Only submit documentation that is requested in the audit documentation i.e. submit only extracts
from specifications but ensure that they are easily identifiable as related to the specific project and
are contractually binding.
Please submit a complete set of information for each Credit i.e. documentation required by more than
one Credit should be submitted for each within each credit folder.
Consistency throughout Your Submission
•
•
Please ensure that area figures are consistent throughout the submission.
All inputs shall be consistent throughout the submission
Beware of Common Mistakes
•
•
•
It is very common for the correct type of documents to be submitted but they do not explicitly
demonstrate what is required by the audit documentation. Please read the wording of the Homestar
Technical Manual carefully and ensure that all requirements are met.
Documents are often submitted without explicit reference to the subject dwelling and do not clearly
demonstrate that they are contractually binding.
Long documents are provided without the relevant information highlighted. Auditors will not search
entire documents, they will request you highlight the relevant information and resubmit at Round 2.
185
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Homestar Energy Modelling Protocol
Introduction
This document has been prepared to provide guidance for projects assessed under the Homestar rating tool who wish
to undertake modelling as an alternative calculation approach to the EHC-1 Space Conditioning Calculator and/ or as an
alternative calculation approach to the EHC-6 Whole House Thermal Calculator.
Under Homestar EHC-1 there are two options which projects can use to calculate energy use:
•
•
Complete the Space Heating Calculator
OR
Complete an energy model using the Energy Modelling Protocol defined below – this option can only be taken
if modelling is also selected for the EHC-6 credit.
Under Homestar EHC-6 there are two options which projects can use to calculate energy use:
•
•
Complete the ALF Calculation
OR
Complete an energy model using the Energy Modelling Protocol defined below.
The process of carrying out the modelling to contribute to these two credits, is described in this guide.
Modelling should be carried out by a trained and experienced professional, and will be reviewed by the NZGBC during
audit.
For Design Rated projects the energy modelling does not have to be redone for the Built Rating if there have been no
changes to the building design or equipment since that submission. However, the original documentation for this
credit must be included in the Homestar Built audit documentation for reference, and a signed document must be
provided stating that no changes were made from design stage.
The model that is produced by these guidelines is intended to be used for determining compliance with Homestar EHC1 and EHC-6 only. Actual running energy will depend on design decisions, construction factors, and homeowner
behaviours.
Energy Modelling Protocol
Approach
Energy modelling should be carried out using the protocol described below. This report must clearly describe the
modelling process for the building in accordance with the protocol, and include supporting documentation as
described below.
Modelling must be undertaken for each individual dwelling unit; any adjacent units shall also be modelled for thermal
effects in the case of attached dwellings.
Modelling requirements
The following table lists the input variables and the requirements and parameters for modelling. Also listed is the
supporting data which must be provided with the report to demonstrate that the modelled building (as summarised in
the energy modelling report) is the submitted documented design.
186
Appendix 2
Variable
Requirements
Audit Documentation Required
Modelling Software
The software must be of the dynamic thermal
modelling type with the ability to model thermal
mass effects employing either the response factor
or finite difference thermal calculation method.
AND
Must be capable of modelling representative
building attributes, building elements, and building
services systems and controls.
AND
Must be capable of modelling all inputs described in
this guide.
AND
Must have been independently verified to meet the
Building Energy Simulation and Diagnostic Method
(BESTEST) benchmark for energy simulation
programs
AND/OR
Must have been independently verified to meet
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004 (Building Thermal
Envelope and Fabric Test Loads).
Confirmation that the software
meets
either
BESTEST
or
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004
performance criteria.
Brief description of the software
thermal
package
including
calculation method.
Weather File
Must be hourly weather data for the site based on
either IWEC source data created by ASHRAE or
NIWA source data in TMY format (or other file
sanctioned by NZGBC) and represent an average
year’s conditions for a weather station.
Where no IWEC weather file is available for the
region this should be highlighted to the NZGBC
during project registration.
In the absence of actual weather data for the site a
weather file for a climate representative of the local
climate to the building must be used.
Hourly weather file used
Weather station location.
If weather station is not site location
justification as to how the weather
file used is representative of the
local climate for the building (to be
checked by NZGBC during audit).
Site Orientation
The building must be modelled in the same
orientation as shown on site plan drawings.
Relevant drawings showing building
orientation.
Details of how this was represented
in the model.
Building
overshadowing
Include the effect of overshadowing from the
surrounding environment.
Drawings showing elements of the
surrounding environment causing
overshadowing (buildings, trees),
with heights marked.
in the model.
Building Geometry
The model geometry must accurately represent the
building geometry.
Plan and Elevation drawings
in the model.
Modelled spaces
Must account for all conditioned and unconditioned
spaces in the dwelling.
In multi-dwelling buildings, party walls and floors
between dwellings are considered to have no heat
transfer in heating as setpoints and schedules are
assumed to be the same.
Details
of
the
modelled
(conditioned) building area and
zoning also describing the dwellings
conditioned area.
187
Appendix 2
Variable
Requirements
However where cooling is provided this is to be
modelled in one zone only (see Conditioned Room
definition).
Surfaces that provide separation between a
dwelling unit and a space that may not have the
same conditioning schedule must be modelled for
heat transfer eg central corridor, garage, and retail
unit.
Building
thermal
envelope
and
construction
The model must reflect the constructions of the
building.
Include any floor coverings.
Account for thermal mass where it is exposed to the
zone.
Where any simplifications have been made provide
details of these and justification.
Drawings, materials schedule or
specification extracts showing all
thermal envelope materials and
location.
Calculations of overall R-values for
constructions.
Details of how the building thermal
envelope has been modelled.
External
Surface
Solar Reflectance
As specified, or if unknown use 0.3 (ASHRAE).
To be assigned to all surfaces.
How solar reflectance has been
obtained for each surface material
in the model.
Glazing
The model must accurately reflect the glazing
geometry of the building.
This includes area of opening, where applicable.
Elevation drawings showing all
glazing to the above grade perimeter
external wall area.
These must include sufficient detail
to show opening area.
in the model.
Skylight
The model must accurately reflect the skylights in
the building.
Roof drawings showing skylight area.
in the model.
Glazing and Skylight
G-value
As specified.
If unknown (existing construction) use 0.87.
Materials schedule or specification
extracts listing glazing Shading
Coefficient,
Solar
Heat
Gain
Coefficient or Solar Factor and the
resulting glazing G-value
in the model.
Natural ventilation
openings
Operable windows and doors that can be fixed open
can be modelled if desired to account for passive
cooling (to reduce or eliminate the requirement for
active cooling despite a heat pump installation).
Modelling should account for the free area of
window opening.
Specification extracts listing window
opening
sizes
and
control
mechanism.
in the model.
Include control strategy
Provide temperature plots showing
when the zone is maintained within
temperature bands.
Fixed Shading
The model must accurately reflect the building
Relevant drawings showing all fixed
188
Appendix 2
Variable
Requirements
shading
external shading devices.
in the model.
Conditioned Spaces
Heating to all Conditioned Rooms. This includes all
spaces within the thermal envelope of the dwelling.
Cooling in one room only (if cooling is available at all
in dwelling, eg heat pump in living room). To model
cooling (if there is a cooling source installed) either:
•
Model cooling throughout, but report only
the cooling load from the room with a heat pump
installed (or if more than one AC unit, the cooled
room with the dominant cooling load). OR
•
Model the cooled room with adiabatic
internal walls, this will prevent load from other
zones being seen.
This is to maintain equivalence with EHC-1 ALF
calculation.
Ensure actual installed AC units are modelled at
installed sizes, do not use auto-size.
Plans of which rooms have been
modelled as heated or cooled.
Design
temperature
Heating – 18°C
Cooling – 25°C
in the model.
Heating and Cooling
operating schedule
24 hours per day, 7 days per week
Cooling can be reduced or eliminated by use of
passive cooling, see natural ventilation section for
documentation requirements.
in the model.
General Infiltration
The following general infiltration rates (as specified
in the EHC-6 worksheet) are to be used, unless
justification can be provided for other rates (eg
blower door test results if PassivHaus certification is
being pursued).
These rates are:
AIRTIGHT: post 1960, simple small rectangular
design, airtight joinery, all windows with gaskets –
0.3 ACH
AVERAGE: post 1960, larger than 120 m² - 0.5 ACH
LEAKY: post 1960, complex shape, some feature
strip lining material, generally larger than 200m² 0.7 ACH
DRAUGHTY: pre-1960, strip lining, strip flooring,
often high stud – 0.9 ACH.
in the model.
Chimney Infiltration
Include airflow for chimneys to open fires that are
open (i.e. unblocked)
None
0 m3/hr
One Chimney
40m3/hr
Two Chimneys
80m3/hr
Three Chimneys
120m3/hr
Four Chimneys
160m3/hr
in the model.
Metal Flued Heater
Infiltration
Include airflow for infiltration from metal flued
heaters
in the model.
space
189
Appendix 2
Variable
Requirements
None
One Metal flued heater
Two Metal flued heaters
Three Metal flued heaters
Four Metal flued heaters
Passive Vents
Trickle Vents
Windows
or
in
0 m3/hr
20m3/hr
40m3/hr
60m3/hr
80m3/hr
Model these explicitly as openings in the façade if
they exist.
Specification extracts listing opening
sizes and control mechanisms.
in the model.
Bathroom Exhaust
Include ventilation from up to two bathroom fans.
Model actual exhaust rate for each bathroom fan if
known. Used commissioned data if available.
If actual fan data is unavailable but a fan is installed
use Building Code values: 25 l/s per bathroom.
If bathroom is ventilated by operable window:
model window operation.
Model fan operation using the NZS4218 plug load
schedule if operation is manual, humidistat or light
switch controlled. If operation is continuous then
model as such.
For simplification the ventilation can be modelled
by conversion to an air change rate, to be included
with the infiltration rate.
Documentation of fan flow rates if
actual data is used.
in the model.
Kitchen Exhaust
Model actual exhaust rate for the kitchen exhaust
hood that discharges outside or other kitchen
exhaust fan such as window mounted fan, if known.
Used commissioned data if available.
If actual fan data is unavailable but hood is installed,
use 100 l/s.
Model the actual range hood used, assume 1hr/day
For simplification the ventilation can be modelled
by conversion to an air change rate, to be included
with the infiltration rate.
Documentation of fan flow rates if
actual data is used.
in the model.
Mechanical
Ventilation
Supply
Where mechanical ventilation has been provided,
eg through a central supply air system to an
apartment building, model this air rate and supply
temperature. Used commissioned data if available.
Specifications showing air rate
supplied.
in the model.
Lighting
density
power
As per design
Design lighting levels which will be
provided for each space type
Luminaire schedule
Calculations showing the modelled
lighting power density
in the model.
24.5W/m²
(As per NZS 4218 for Housing)
in the model.
Plug load density
190
Appendix 2
Variable
Requirements
Occupancy
Up to 50 m² - 150 W
Per m² over 50m² - 3W/m²
(As per NZS 4218 for Housing)
in the model.
Schedules
As per NZS 4218 Housing Schedules Occupancy, and
plug load) Use plug load schedule for lighting loads
Schedule is reproduced below.
in the model.
Details may include screenshots or reports of model inputs, together with clarification where necessary to
demonstrate compliance with each variable.
The above table is not exhaustive, but provides a typical list of documentation expected to demonstrate the modelling
for these Credits.
NZS 4218 Schedules
The following default schedules are to be used for all modelled occupancy, plug loads and lighting. These are expressed
as percentage maximum load or percentage of power density (as per NZS4218).
Housing
12am-8am
8am-11am
11am-6pm
6pm-10pm
10pm-12am
Week
100
60
60
100
100
Saturday
100
100
50
70
100
Sunday
100
100
50
70
100
Week
3
23
23
27
20
Saturday
3
23
23
27
20
Sunday
3
23
23
27
20
Occupancy
Plug Load
Additional Requirements for EHC-1 Space Heating
If also using modelling to document EHC-1, for example if a complex HVAC system is used, the input variables and
supporting data which must be provided to demonstrate that the modelled design energy consumption (summarised
in the energy modelling report) is the submitted documented design are as follows (in addition to the EHC-6
documentation).
Variable
Requirements
Documentation required
Thermal zoning
Zone for actual installed heating and
cooling systems.
Description of zoning and how this has been
defined within the model.
Note: zones that do not have installed
heating are to be modelled with electric
resistance heating.
Show which zones have installed heating or
cooling, and which zones are assumed to have
electric resistance heating brought in by occupants.
The model must be representative of the
HVAC system layout and design, including
interaction between zones and control
arrangements.
Specification extracts and mechanical drawings
where available to demonstrate the system
described in the report is installed. If drawings and
specifications are not available take photos of the
HVAC System
191
Appendix 2
Plant and System
Efficiencies
The model must include the specified
heating and cooling capacity where
installed. Allow autosizing to size the
heating required for the uninstalled
heating required.
heating system installed in the dwelling.
Model installed system efficiencies
including part load efficiencies.
Specification to be provided to demonstrate the
plant and system efficiencies used in the model.
Details of how this was represented in the model.
Document part load efficiencies where relevant.
Details of how this was represented in the model
The output from the modelling for EHC-6 should be Dwelling heating load (kWh/yr), and Zone cooling load (kWh/yr).
These values will then be entered into the Homestar Calculator, where post-processing will occur to provide a points
score for EHC-6.
Space Heating Calculator
The output from the modelling for EHC-1 should be dwelling electricity used (kWh/yr), and dwelling gas used (kWh/yr).
Do not include fan or pump energy use where they exist. These values will then be entered into the Energy Summary
sheet in the Homestar Calculator, where post-processing will occur to provide a points score for EHC-1.
192
Appendix 3
Appendix 3
Homestar Tool
The Homestar tool combines a coversheet to record project/dwelling information, an assessor worksheet, Appraisal,
Design Rating and Built Rating scorecards, and calculators for some of the Homestar credits. Following on from section
4.2, this section further explains the coversheet and score cards of Homestar Version 3.
Coversheet
The coversheet is used to enter details of dwelling (or typology) including areas, number of bedrooms, and location, as
well as project information such as current status, and assessor details. The Resource adjustment factor is calculated
using the information provided (although you may also enter this manually). Details on this coversheet are fed into
other parts of the tool.
193
Worksheet
The worksheet is unlocked and is modifiable. It includes a list of documentation requirements for the submission for
each credit and serves as a worksheet and checklist for the assessor.
Scorecards
There are three scorecards for the three stages of a Homestar assessment: Appraisal, Design and Built. The Design
Stage scorecard is shown above. The grey cells are for the assessor to enter points claimed for each credit in rounds 1
and 2, and the lime green cells are for the auditor to confirm that required evidence was sighted and the points are
awarded.
While the tool include calculators for some credits, they do not auto populate the scorecards, allowing the assessor to
use these calculators without affecting values already entered in the scorecards.
There are also cells for assessor and auditor comments for each credit. A traffic light system allows the auditor to
colour code their comments depending on whether a point was awarded (green), conditionally awarded (amber) or
not awarded (red).
At the far right of the Built and Design Scorecards the points awarded to each credit in the previous stage is shown for
reference. Once a point is awarded and confirmed by the auditor in round 1, it is also automatically awarded in round
2; however the assessor is allowed to claim a different point score in round 2 regardless.
194
The bottom of the scorecards have spaces for general comments and show the total points claimed, total points
awarded, mandatory minimums met and star ratings achieved for each round.
The Appraisal Stage scorecard is similar to the Design Stage scorecard except it only features a single round of
assessment and auditing, as typically this stage does not go through multiple rounds.
The Built Stage Scorecard is also similar to the Design Stage Scorecard, except built streamlining options are provided
for some credits. Where a Built Rating follows a Design Rating, by selecting “Y” under ‘BSC’ for those credits that are
eligible for streamlining, the scorecard will extract the points awarded for the credit at the Design Stage into the Built
Stage scorecard. These points will be confirmed once the auditor confirms sight of the required built streamlining
documentation
195
Appendix 4
Appendix 4
Climate Zones
The available districts and climate zones used in the Homestar tool are shown on the map in Figure 5.1 below.
Figure 5.1: Regions and Climate Zones available in Homestar
196

Homestar™ v3 Technical Manual - New Zealand Green Building

Transcription

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