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Sådan bruger vi alger
Seaweed in Denmark What is seaweed? What do we use it for? How do we produce it? Why do we eat it? Tasters Annette Bruhn Research Scientist, Aarhus University Research areas: • Cultivation of seaweed • Seaweed composition • Seaweed as a biofilter • Seaweed for food, feed, energy and high value products • Seaweed as environmental indicator Co-founder of AlgaeCenter Denmark in 2010 AARHUS UNIVERSITET What is seaweed? • Sea grass and algae Algae • Photosyntesis • No roots • No tissue for strength or transportation • Spores – not seeds • Single cells or multicellular Algae - from microscopic to gigantic Fro 1/1000 mm to 60 m Microalgae Maroalgae (seaweed) 4 Basis for all life in the ocean • • • • Food Oxygen Habitat Coastal protection Algae – great diversity Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Algae – great diversity Algae – great diversity Algae – great diversity Algae with glass shells Algae with calcium shells Algae with armour plates Algae with eyes! Algae, that light up! Living near the poles 15 Living in the tropics Living on land Living in the abyss Living in the surf 19 Seaweed in Danish waters • 422 species – 156 red algae – 128 brown algae – 110 green algae – 28 others (+ 6 marine plants – such as sea grass) Nielsen et al, 1995 Salinity Oxygen Algae produce 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere Oil Oil is partly made from algae under high temperature and high pressure Chalk Moler Food Stabilisers – E400-E407 Food colorants Health - Nutraceuticals Omega-3 oils Minerals Vitamins Bioactives Bioactives Plant growth Anti-fouling Medical Seaweed as a future bioresource Biorefinery <1% bioactives 3% colorants 3% oil 15% protein 20% ash/minerals 60% carbohydrates Value • • • • • • Bioactives Ingredients Feed/protein Energy The marine environment Biofilter – from nitrogen to protein Circular nutrient flow between land and sea Global production of seaweed Cultivated Harvested FAO, 2012 Production 23 mio tons 5,9 mia US $ >99% in Asia How to cultivate kelp? Sugarkelp (Saccharina latissima) On land At sea How to cultivate kelp? • Reb – stofstrimler – presseninger How does it look from the surface? How does it look under water? • Hanging reef • Attracting marine life • Increasing biodiversity • Taking up nutrients • Taking up CO2 Seaweed cultivation in Denmark • Hjarnø Havbrug – 100 hq • Seaweed Societé – 80 ha • Danish Shellfish Centre, DTU-Aqua – 4 ha • Algaecenter Denmark (20 ha) • Price ca 45.000 DKR per hektar • Production ca 10 ton per hektar Seaweed cultivation in Denmark Hjarnø Havbrug in Horsens Fjord 100 hectares with seaweed Largest in Europa Primarily sold for food Compensation crop • Rainbow trout • Blue mussels • Sugar kelp Particulate Organic Matter Dissolved Inorganic nutrients Challenge in DK and Europe Biomass 1 Dowle & Barton, 2011. Increase value Increase yioed lower costs • Gap between costs of production and income (energy) ~ factor 10 • European saleries are too high • Sales price of energy is low Product Product Product Pretreatment Processing Product Increase yield – reduce costs • • • • • • • Selective breeding Optimising technology Scaling up Off-shore Robust systems Increase mechanisation Decrease handling Increase value Biorefinery <1% bioactives 3% colorants 3% oil 15% protein 20% ash/minerals 60% carbohydrates Value • • • • • • Bioactives Ingredients Feed/protein Energy Seaweed research in Denmark • Cultivation technology • Selective Breeding – – – – Genetics Selection of ecotypes Increase of yield Increase of protein content • Biorefinery • Bioactives Research at Aarhus University • • • • • Cultivation technology Selective Breeding Scaling up Industry cooperation Algae Center Denmark – – – – Research Industrial cooperation Dissemination Technological, Institute, Kattegatcenteret, AU-BIOS AARHUS UNIVERSITET Large projects • Innovation foundation • EU H2020 • ERA-NET Facilities: • Landbased cultivation • Off-shore cultivation 20 ha • International conference Seaweed products in Denmark Nordisk Tang Started with small project with AU Nordisk Tang 2015-2016 • • • • • • • • • Pestos Spices Mustards Baking mix Oil Snacks Snaps Reciepe book …. From 1 to 8 employed International market expansion: China, Germany, Italy.. Caviart – Jens Møller products • Artificial caviar • Seaweed based – alginate shells • Many flavours Fermentationexperts • Fermentation of landbased crops and seaweed • Substitute for antibiotics in pig production • Sold now in Bilka! Why do we eat seaweed? • Healthy – – – – – Minerals Vitamins Omega 3 Bioactives Fibres • Tasty – Umami – Interesting texture Bladderwrack salad • • • • • • A handfull of fresh bladderwrack Boiling water Lemon/lime Salt Sesame seeds Chili or other spices Cut the tips of the bladderwrack Pour boiling water (color changes from brown to green) Pour cold water Dry the bladderwrack Add lemon, salt, sesame seeds and spices Bon appetit! AARHUS UNIVERSITET - and now for the tasters [email protected] AARHUS UNIVERSITET
