Boletín Oficial de Canarias núm

Transcription

Boletín Oficial de Canarias núm. 89, viernes 4 de mayo de 2007
9353
ANEXO VII
MEMORIA RESUMEN
1.- PETICIONARIO:
NOMBRE:
DIRECCIÓN SOCIAL:
Eólica El Romeral S.L.
Avda. Tirajana nº 39, Edificio Mercurio, torre
2-planta 6º. Playa del Ingles
San Bartolomé de Tirajana
C/ Frauca nº 13
MUNICIPIO:
DIRECCIÓN
NOTIFICACIÓN:
MUNICIPIO:
TELÉFONO 1:
e-mail:
Tudela -Navarra
948 848 848
TELÉFONO 2:
[email protected]
C.I.F.:
C.P.:
B 35833573
35.100
ISLA
C.P.:
Las Palmas
31.500
ISLA:
FAX:
948 848 849
2.- REPRESENTACIÓN:
NOMBRE:
Juan José Aguerrea Izquierdo
CARGO:
Administrador
NOMBRE:
Fernando del Castillo y Benítez de Lugo
CARGO:
Administrador mancomunado
NOMBRE:
CARGO:
* (Indicar si es solidaria, mancomunada, etc.)
DNI.:
18204694 X
DNI.:
42811089Q
TIPO REPRESENTACIÓN *
DNI.:
3.- DATOS RELATIVOS AL PARQUE:
DENOMINACIÓN:
P.E. El Romeral III
EMPLAZAMIENTO:
LOCALIDAD:
MUNICIPIO:
ISLA:
Gran Canaria
POTENCIA NOMINAL A INSTALAR
8000
NÚMERO DE
(KW)
AEROGENERADORES:
ENERGIA ANUAL ESTIMADA (KWH)
34.391.964
HORAS EQUIVALENTES (H/AÑO)
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROYECTO: (incluir singularidades del proyecto)
Nº
MODELO
Enercon E82 2MW 98m
AEROGENERADORES
VIDA UTIL
20 años
POTENCIA
UNITARIA (KW)
2000
4
4.299
POTENCIA MODELO
(KW)
2000
4.- TERRENO:
SUPERFICIE DE TERRERNO DISPONIBLE (m²):
SUPERFICIE DE TERRENO AFECTADA POR EL CONJUNTO DE AEROGENERADORES (m²):
SUPERFICIE DE TERRENO AFECTADA POR INSTALACIONES EÓLICAS COLINDANTES (m²):
367.759
1.252.803
0
5.- IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESPACIOS NATURALES Y PARQUES EÓLICOS MÁS CERCANOS.
NOMBRE *
“El Juncalillo del Sur”
IDENTIFICACIÓN
Espacio natural
protegido, L.I.C.,
Z.E.P.A..
DISTANCIA MÍNIMA(m²):
981
* Se especificarán todos los Parques Naturales, espacios integrantes de la Red Canaria de Espacios Naturales Protegidos,
Z.E.P.A. (Zonas Especiales de Protección de Aves), L.I.C. (Lugares de Interés Comunitario) e instalaciones eólicas cercanas.
PLAN EÓLICO
P.E. El Romeral III
TABLA DE CODIFICACIÓN DE AEROGENERADORES
COORDENADAS UTM
IDENTIFICACIÓN
DEL
POTENCIA
DIRECCIÓN
UNITARIA
VIENTO
(Kw)
DOMINANTE
X
Y
Z
1
454.528
3.075.897
26
2
NE-ENE (65º)
2
454.694
3.075.775
25
2
NE-ENE (65º)
3
454.872
3.075.658
20
2
NE-ENE (65º)
4
455.050
3.075.540
15
2
NE-ENE (65º)
AEROGENERADOR
PLAN EÓLICO
P.E. El Romeral II
PLAN EÓLICO
El Plan Eólico queda recogido en este documento en el que se incluyen, los siguientes
apartados:
a) Memoria Resumen.
b) Datos de potencia y energía de origen eólico.
c) Aerogeneradores.
d) Seguridad en el suministro y afección al sistema eléctrico.
e) Localización geográfica.
f) Terrenos.
g) Aspectos medioambientales.
h) Aspectos socioeconómicos.
a) Memoria Resumen.
El Parque Eólico El Romeral III, se ubica en terrenos disponibles por el promotor Eólicas Las
Eras, S.L., en el municipio de San Bartolomé de Tirajana, en la isla de Gran Canaria. Se adjunta
un plano de ubicación de los terrenos en el anexo a.3. La superficie total del terreno cuyo
derecho para uso eólico es exclusivo del promotor, supera las 30 hectáreas.
El Parque Eólico El Romeral III, se considera una de las alternativas diseñadas por el promotor
para instalar en el cordal norte una instalación eólica, considerando en esta alternativa el uso
de la tecnología de Enercon, modelo E-82 de 2.000 MW de potencia nominal y 90 m. de rotor,
conformando un parque eólico de 8 MW.
Toda esta información y más esta reflejada en el anexo a.2 con el modelo establecido
debidamente cumplimentado.
PLAN EÓLICO
2
P.E. El Romeral III
b) Datos de potencia y energía de origen eólico.
1. Potencia total y unitaria (por aerogenerador) a instalar del parque eólico.
•
Potencia total del parque eólico: 8 MW (8.000 kW)
•
Potencia unitaria: 2.000 kW
•
Número de aerogeneradores: 4 unidades
2. Potencia a instalar por unidad de área de terreno ocupado. Como superficie de terreno
ocupada se considerará aquella contenida en la envolvente poligonal, constituida por los
contornos exteriores de las áreas de sensibilidad eólica de los aerogeneradores que
componen el parque, proyectada y medida en un plano horizontal. Así mismo, como definición
de área de sensibilidad eólica se tomará la establecida en el artículo 3 del Decreto 32/2006, de
27 de marzo. (No se incluyen a efectos de cálculo de esta área las cimentaciones,
canalizaciones, estaciones transformadoras, accesos o cualquier otro elemento afecto al
parque).
•
Superficie contenida en la envolvente poligonal: 367.759 m2, considerando el diámetro
del aerogenerador de 90 m.
•
Se adjunta en el anexo b.1 de este documento, plano donde se muestran los
aerogeneradores, marcando la envolvente poligonal y superficie de la cual se
dispone el derecho de uso. Además, se adjunta en formato digital el citado plano
cd anexo.
•
Potencia total a instalar en la superficie: 8 MW= 8.000 kW.
•
Potencia a instalar por unidad de área del terreno ocupado = 8.000/1.252.803
m2= 0,0064 Kw/m2.
3. Energía anual estimada producida por el parque eólico.
•
Potencia total del parque: 8.000 kW
•
Energía actual estimada por el parque eólico: 34.391.964 kWh.
PLAN EÓLICO
3
P.E. El Romeral III
4. Horas equivalentes y Factor de Capacidad previstos para la instalación.
•
Horas equivalentes promedio de acuerdo con el cálculo obtenido de la
metodología del anexo a.4, desarrollada por el Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias
(heq/año) 4.299 horas equivalentes/año.
•
Factor de Capacidad: (4.299 heq/8.760 haño) x 100 = 49,07 %
PLAN EÓLICO
4
P.E. El Romeral III
c) Aerogeneradores.
1. Número de aerogeneradores a instalar.
•
Número de aerogeneradores: 4 unidades
2. Descripción técnica detallada de los aerogeneradores a instalar en la que se incluya el
modelo de la máquina, la descripción de la instalación eléctrica, tipo de generador, sistema de
control y esquema de los mismos, así como descripción de parámetros y características de
funcionamiento del mismo.
•
Se adjunta como anexo c.1 de este documento la descripción técnica de los
aerogeneradores.
3. Curvas de potencia de las máquinas eólicas certificadas por el fabricante.
•
Se adjunta como anexo c.2 de este documento la curva de potencia de los
aerogeneradores.
4. Certificación del fabricante de que todos los aerogeneradores del parque eólico cumplen
con los tarados de protecciones de Nivel I mostrados en el punto 2 del articulo 11 de la Orden
de la Consejería de Industria, Comercio y Nuevas Tecnologías, de 15 de noviembre de 2006,
por la que se regulan las condiciones técnico administrativas de las instalaciones eólicas
ubicadas en Canarias.
•
Todos los aerogeneradores que integran el proyecto cumplen con los tarados de
protecciones de Nivel I. En el anexo c.3 se incluye la documentación de fabricante
acreditando esta circunstancia.
5. Vida útil (en años) de la potencia a instalar, contados desde la puesta en marcha definitiva
del parque hasta el cese de su actividad de producción acreditados por el fabricante del
aerogenerador. Si se tratara de tecnologías de aerogeneradores diferentes, especificarla para
cada una de ellas.
•
La vida útil de los aerogeneradores está garantizada por el fabricante en un
mínimo de 20 años. En el anexo c.4 se adjunta el certificado correspondiente.
PLAN EÓLICO
5
P.E. El Romeral III
1. Datos de la red eléctrica de distribución o transporte en la zona del parque eólico, con
indicación del posible punto de conexión a la red.
Se propone como conexión del parque eólico la Línea de Alta Tensión de 66 kV, que une la SE
Barranco de Tirajana con la SE Matorral.
La conexión podrá realizarse, en el caso que se cumpla con la normativa sobre capacidad
portante de la red, en cualquiera de los apoyos existentes en el parque. En caso contrario,
deberá consensuarse con la empresa de transporte y con la Administración el mejor punto de
conexión, en la subestación transformadora más próxima.
2. Propuestas de acciones o inversiones que mejoren la estabilidad/curva de carga del
sistema.
•
Los aerogeneradores del proyecto incorporan un sistema de control de potencia,
que permite regular la misma en el rango de 0% a 100% de la potencia instalada, tal
y como se indica en la documentación adjunta en el anexo d.1. Esta opción permite
mejorar notablemente la estabilidad del sistema.
3. Descripción de los sistemas de gestión telemática realizando una descripción detallada del
sistema de desconexión y potencia implicada en los escalones, si los hubiera.
•
Se adjunta como anexo d.2, la descripción de los sistemas telemáticos.
4. En el caso de que el modelo de aerogenerador del parque eólico no consuma energía activa
ni reactiva cuando se produzca un hueco de tensión en la red próxima (en valores por debajo
del 80% de la tensión nominal de la red), documentación justificada por el fabricante que
acredite este comportamiento.
•
Los aerogeneradores que integran el proyecto cumplen el requisito de no
consumir energía activa ni reactiva durante los huecos de tensión inferior al 80% del
valor de tensión nominal. La documentación incluida en el anexo d.3 describe esta
característica, conforme a la regulación de hueco de tensión establecida por REE.
5. Asimismo, si el modelo de aerogenerador del parque eólico puede aportar energía reactiva
durante las condiciones anteriores en un rango de tensión entre el 80% y 20% de la tensión
nominal de la red, se adjuntará la documentación justificada por el fabricante que acredite este
comportamiento.
PLAN EÓLICO
6
P.E. El Romeral III
•
Los aerogeneradores que integran el proyecto disponen de la opción de aportar
energía reactiva durante huecos de tensión con valores entre el 20 y el 80% de la
tensión nominal. El anexo d.3 describe esta característica.
PLAN EÓLICO
7
P.E. El Romeral III
e) Localización geográfica.
1. Se facilitan los siguientes planos en formato papel y digital a la escala adecuada y con la
representación de la dirección del viento dominante, tal que permitan la localización del
parque eólico a través de coordenadas, indicando además los términos municipales
afectados:
Plano sobre hoja de cartografía indicando:
- Localización geográfica y codificación de cada aerogenerador perteneciente al parque eólico,
con la representación de la dirección del viento dominante recogida en la “Cartografía del
recurso eólico de Canarias”.
•
Todos los aerogeneradores se encuentran ubicados en el término municipal de La
Oliva. Se adjunta como anexo e.1 la localización geográfica y codificación de cada
aerogenerador. Asimismo, se adjunta en formato digital el citado plano.
Según la codificación adoptada para cada aerogenerador en la hoja de cartografía, se
realizará y cumplimentará una tabla que conteniendo tantas filas como aerogeneradores
tenga el parque eólico.
•
Se adjunta tabla de codificación de los aerogeneradores requerida en anexo e.3.
PLAN EÓLICO
8
P.E. El Romeral III
f) Terrenos.
1. Se facilitarán los siguientes datos sobre hoja cartográfica en planos en formato papel y
digital a la escala adecuada y con la representación de la dirección del viento dominante,
indicando además los términos municipales afectados:
a) Superficie de terreno disponible por el solicitante para ejecutar el parque eólico.
•
La totalidad del terreno requerido se encuentra en el término municipal de San
Bartolomé de Tirajana. Se incluye como anexo f.1 el plano de la superficie y parcelas
de terreno disponible. Asimismo, se adjunta en formato digital el citado plano en CD
anexo.
b) Superficie de terreno afectada por el conjunto de aerogeneradores del parque eólico, con la
identificación de los mismos.
Como superficie de terreno afectada por los aerogeneradores, se considerará aquella
contenida en la envolvente poligonal constituida por los contornos exteriores de las áreas de
sensibilidad eólica de los aerogeneradores que componen el parque, proyectada y medida en
un plano horizontal.
•
La totalidad de la superficie de terreno afectada por los aerogeneradores se
encuentra en el término municipal de San Bartolomé de Tirajana. Se adjunta en anexo
f.2 plano con la poligonal envolvente al conjunto de aerogeneradores. Se incluye
también este plano en formato digital en CD adjunto.
c) Superficie de terreno afectada por las instalaciones eólicas existentes colindantes.
•
No existen instalaciones eólicas existentes colindantes que afecten al parque
eólico.
d) Propuesta de distribución en planta de las instalaciones de generación, señalando las
cimentaciones, canalizaciones, estaciones transformadoras, accesos y cualquier otro
elemento afecto al parque. Quedarán excluidas de este plano tanto la línea de evacuación
como el punto de conexión del parque al sistema eléctrico.
•
Los planos con la distribución de aerogeneradores y todas las infraestructuras
necesarias se incluyen en el anexo f.3. las estaciones transformadoras requeridas
para la conversión a media tensión en la red interior del parque se instalan en el
interior de los propios aerogeneradores. Se incluye copia digital de dicho plano en
CD adjunto.
PLAN EÓLICO
9
P.E. El Romeral III
e) Indicación de las áreas pertenecientes a la Red Canaria de Espacios Naturales Protegidos o
a parques nacionales en un radio de 1km. Respecto a los aerogeneradores del parque eólico,
señalando las distancias mínimas entre ambos.
En el caso de que los terrenos se encontrasen total o parcialmente dentro de áreas
comprendidas en la Red Canaria de Espacios Naturales Protegidos, o de un parque nacional,
se indicará la ubicación de los terrenos dentro del mismo, con indicación de la zonificación
establecida en el Plan Rector de Uso o Gestión o respectivo instrumento de planeamiento de
tal espacio cuando exista.
•
Los terrenos no se encuentran cerca de áreas pertenecientes a la Red Canaria de
Espacios Naturales Protegidos o parques nacionales.
2. Documentación justificativa relativa a la disponibilidad de los terrenos, con acreditación
fehaciente del derecho a utilizar dichos terrenos, a construir, y a utilizar las servidumbres e
instalaciones necesarias para el establecimiento de parques eólicos, todo ello con arreglo a la
legalidad vigente. En caso de existir terrenos con derechos de utilización diferentes, se
indicarán todos junto a las superficies del terreno y la potencia a instalar en cada uno de ellos.
Se habrá de establecer la relación inequívoca entre los terrenos que figuren en los acuerdos y
su representación sobre los planos aportados. La discrepancia entre ambos datos, que no
fuera suficientemente aclarada por el interesado, daría lugar a que la solicitud fuera
desestimada.
•
Los contratos de derecho de uso de los terrenos se adjunta como anexo f.5. Se
hace notar que estos derechos están disponibles en exclusividad.
PLAN EÓLICO
10
P.E. El Romeral III
g) Aspectos medioambientales.
1. Identificación e influencia sobre parques nacionales, espacios naturales protegidos, ZEPA,
LIC y sitios arqueológicos o de interés histórico cercanos.
•
Se adjunta en anexo g.1 influencia e identificación de espacios naturales
protegidos, ZEPA, LIC y de sitios arqueológicos o de interés histórico cercanos
2. Propuestas para la mejora del entorno en el que se encuentra situado el parque durante su
período de funcionamiento.
•
El presente proyecto considera una serie de acciones para mejora del entorno
que se describen en anexo g.2.
3. Plan de desmantelamiento del parque que incluya medidas de restauración como
eliminación de equipos, máquinas, construcciones realizadas, cobertura de cimentaciones,
tratamiento de suelos, carreteras, etc., y medidas de mejora del entorno una vez el parque se
encuentre completamente desmantelado.
•
El presente proyecto contempla un plan detallado de desmantelamiento de
aerogeneradores e infraestructuras asociadas, y la restauración y amejoramiento de
la zona tras la vida operativa del parque. Este plan se describe en el anexo g.3.
PLAN EÓLICO
11
P.E. El Romeral III
h) Aspectos socioeconómicos.
1. Presupuesto que recoja las inversiones a realizar.
•
Se adjunta en anexo h.1 presupuesto completo y detallado, incluyendo como
partida principal la propuesta de suministro de los aerogeneradores por parte de
Enercon.
El montante total del presupuesto asciende a 11.929.500 euros.
2. Acuerdos formales existentes con las Entidades Locales canarias, previstas en el artículo 3
de la Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local, en los que conste
el compromiso firme y exigible de la promotora del parque eólico de destinar una parte de los
ingresos anuales generados por la venta de la energía producida por la instalación eólica a
sufragar iniciativas de dichas entidades locales de naturaleza energética, social o
medioambiental.
Cuando los promotores sean las propias Entidades Locales, acuerdo del Pleno de la
Corporación u órgano competente de destinar una parte de los ingresos anuales generados
por venta de la energía producida por el parque eólico a sufragar costes de naturaleza
energética o medioambiental.
•
Existen acuerdos formales con la Entidad Local canaria por el valor de un 9% de
los ingresos anuales generados por la venta de la energía producida por el parque
eólico. Se incluye dicho acuerdo en el anexo h.2.
PLAN EÓLICO
12
P.E. El Romeral III
PLAN DE DESMANTELAMIENTO DEL PARQUE EÓLICO
El presente documento constituye el Plan de Desmantelamiento del Parque Eólico El Romeral
III, detallando las actuaciones a realizar una vez finalizada la vida útil del Parque, con el fin de
restituir los terrenos de implantación a su situación original.
1. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PARQUE
El Parque Eólico El Romeral III, estará integrado por 4 aerogeneradores ENERCON E822MW distribuidos sobre el término municipal de San Bartolomé de Tirajana.
Las infraestructuras que constituyen el parque se componen de las siguientes partes:
-
Infraestructuras de Obra Civil:

-
Infraestructura Electromecánica:

-
Camino de acceso, viales y plataformas de cada uno de los
aerogeneradores.
Cimentaciones de los aerogeneradores.
Centros de Transformación 0,69/20 KV en el interior de cada
aerogenerador.
Red subterránea de Media Tensión para la interconexión de las
celdas de los aerogeneradores con el Centro de Seccionamiento
del Parque.
Centro de Seccionamiento para conectar la red subterránea,
sistema colector, del parque con la línea aérea de media tensión
(20 kV).
Red general de tierras del parque. Red de tierras de cada
aerogenerador.
Aerogeneradores.
2. DESMANTELAMIENTO DE LAS INSTALACIONES
Tras alcanzar el final de la vida útil del parque, que se estima en 30 años, se procederá a
realizar diversos trabajos de desmantelamiento de las instalaciones con el fin de restituir el
estado original de los terrenos donde se ubican las infraestructuras de la planta.
A continuación se detallan las diversas actuaciones a realizar, en el orden aproximado de
realización de las mismas.
2.1. AEROGENERADORES
Se procederá al desmontaje de los aerogeneradores, en orden inverso a las operaciones
realizadas para su instalación:
-
Desmontaje de las palas.
Desmontaje de la góndola.
Desmontaje de los cuerpos de la torre.
Retirada del transformador y cabinas de media tensión.
PLAN EÓLICO – Plan de desmantelamiento
1
P.E. El Romeral III
Así mismo, se retirará el centro de seccionamiento e interconexión del parque eólico.
Los distintos elementos serán desmontados mediante grúas, troceados o desmantelados
a nivel del suelo y retirados en camiones de características adecuadas.
Los aceites y grasas serán separados y retirados para su tratamiento y/o eliminación por
gestor autorizado.
2.2. CIMENTACIONES
Estos trabajos consisten en la demolición por medios mecánicos de las cimentaciones
hasta una profundidad de 1 m, retirando los escombros a vertedero autorizado y
procediendo al relleno de la excavación con terreno natural procedente de préstamos.
2.3. VIALES Y PLATAFORMAS
Se procederá a la retirada a vertedero autorizado de las capas de zahorra que integran los
viales y las plataformas de aerogeneradores, restituyendo posteriormente la capa vegetal
con aportación de tierra vegetal y plantación de especies conforme al entorno.
Se demolerán y retirarán las arquetas, sumideros y canales existentes en la red de viales
del parque. Los restos serán retirados a vertedero autorizado.
2.4. CABLES
Los cables integrantes de la red de media tensión que une los aerogeneradores con el
centro de seccionamiento e interconexión del parque, así como los conductores del
sistema de control, se retirarán para su tratamiento por gestor autorizado.
3. CONCLUSIÓN
En el presente documento se entiende haber descrito adecuadamente el Plan de
Desmantelamiento del Parque Eólico El Romeral III, sin perjuicio de cualquier otra
ampliación o aclaración que las autoridades competentes considerasen oportuna.
PLAN EÓLICO – Plan de desmantelamiento
2
P.E. El Romeral III
PROPUESTA PARA LA MEJORA DEL ENTORNO
Se redacta este documento para describir las actuaciones que Eólica El Romeral S.L. realizara
según el marco del presente concurso de proyectos eólicos que establece La Orden de 27 de
abril de 2007 del Gobierno de Canarias.
A la hora de plantear un proyecto de esta envergadura, se deben tomar medidas
compensatorias o mejoras ambientales y/o patrimoniales para dejar la zona afectada por el
proyecto en condiciones, si no mejores, sí al menos comparable a las que tenía inicialmente.
Además, y lo primero de todo, en la elección del emplazamiento se valora que haya facilidades
y que las afecciones sean mínimas en cuanto a:
•
•
•
•
Obra civil de accesos. La elección de estos caminos de acceso y ubicación de
aerogeneradores se ha hecho teniendo en cuenta la máxima utilización de caminos
existentes de forma que se minimice el impacto sobre el entorno y se mejoren dichos
caminos y otras infraestructuras existentes en la zona.
La evacuación de energía. Se estudiara el impacto paisajístico de la línea eléctrica y de
la subestación asociada, analizando su visibilidad desde las distintas zonas
accesibles (núcleos de población, carreteras, caminos principales, senderos balizados
miradores y otros).
La construcción de la subestación se realizará de forma que ésta quede totalmente
integrada en el entorno, respetando los patrones de las construcciones ya existentes.
Afecciones a la vegetación y flora protegida así como la afección a la avifauna
protegida. Se realizaran estudios detallados para valorar y cuantificar las especies en
cada caso y en consecuencia se plantearan alternativas en el diseño del proyecto.
Así, a la finalización de la obras de construcción del Parque Eólico, se realizaran trabajos de
recuperación de las zonas afectadas como las áreas de acopio que gracias a un Plan de
Revegetación con especies originarias de la zona en la que se implantará el Parque Eólico, se
conseguirán los siguientes objetivos:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Proteger al suelo frente a la erosión en las superficies que así lo requieran.
Restaurar los suelos y la cubierta vegetal afectados por las actuaciones proyectadas.
Reducir los impactos ambientales generados sobre el medio ambiente, especialmente
con relación a las modificaciones fisiográficas del entorno y las afecciones sobre la
vegetación.
Restauración de las condiciones edáficas para permitir la retención de agua y los
minerales necesarios para la supervivencia de la vegetación implantada y de la que
vaya apareciendo de modo natural.
Recuperación de la calidad visual del área explotada, de modo que las labores de
restauración y revegetación “enmascaren” en la medida de lo posible las superficies
de actuación.
Integración paisajística tendente a la reimplantación de las comunidades vegetales
características del entorno del parque.
Muy importantes son también, las compensaciones socioeconómicas que se consiguen para
el entorno, como por ejemplo, además de la reforestación de zonas afectadas,
acondicionamiento de lugares de interés de la comunidad en la zona de influencia del Parque
Eólico, acuerdos con entidades locales para la divulgación de las Energías Renovables,
empleo local y un aumento de servicios en la zona, etc.
PLAN EÓLICO – Propuesta mejora del entorno
1
P.E. El Romeral III
PRESUPUESTO PARA PARQUE EÓLICO EL ROMERAL III
1. Turbinas
2. Obra civil
3. Infraestructuras
eléctricas y de
comunicaciones
4. Documentación y
proyectos
1.1. Turbinas E82 (2-MW). Torre de 80m. Incluye los centros de transfromación interiores,
la virola de anclaje a la zapata, transporte, montaje, conexionado interno, puesta en
marcha de la instalación y sistema de control.
TOTAL
2.530.000,00
10.120.000,00
2.1. Cimentaciones
2.2. Accesos y Caminos interiores, Viales y Plataformas, Zanjas y Sistema de drenaje.
450.000,00
380.000,00
3.1. Red de MT 20KV, de fibra óptica y de tierras.
TOTAL
180.000,00
1.010.000,00
TOTAL
799.500,00
4.1 Proyectos
4.2 Estudio Geotécnico
4.3. Diseño de cimentaciones.
4.4. Dirección facultativa
4.5. Seguridad y Salud
4.6. Control de Calidad
4.7. Documetación
4.8. Revegetación
PRESUPUESTO TOTAL
PRECIO/MW INSTALADO
11.929.500,00
1.491.187,50
Curva de potencia E-82
(dependiente de la densidad del aire)
dens. d. aire standard ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
Curva de potencia P Coef. de potencia cp
ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
[kW]
[-]
0,0
0,00
3,0
0,12
25,0
0,29
82,0
0,40
174,0
0,43
321,0
0,46
532,0
0,48
815,0
0,49
1.180,0
0,50
1.612,0
0,50
1.890,0
0,44
2.000,0
0,36
2.050,0
0,29
2.050,0
0,23
2.050,0
0,19
2.050,0
0,15
2.050,0
0,13
2.050,0
0,11
2.050,0
0,09
2.050,0
0,08
2.050,0
0,07
2.050,0
0,06
2.050,0
0,05
2.050,0
0,05
2.050,0
0,04
viento
[m/s]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
dens. d. aire modificada ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
Curva de potencia P Coef. de potencia cp
ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
[kW]
[-]
0,0
0,00
3,0
0,12
25,0
0,29
82,0
0,40
174,0
0,43
321,0
0,46
532,0
0,48
815,0
0,49
1.180,0
0,50
1.612,0
0,50
1.890,0
0,44
2.000,0
0,36
2.050,0
0,29
2.050,0
0,23
2.050,0
0,19
2.050,0
0,15
2.050,0
0,13
2.050,0
0,11
2.050,0
0,09
2.050,0
0,08
2.050,0
0,07
2.050,0
0,06
2.050,0
0,05
2.050,0
0,05
2.050,0
0,04
Curvas E-82 con densidad del aire standard
2.200
0,50
Potencia P [kW]
1.800
1.600
0,40
1.400
1.200
0,30
1.000
800
0,20
600
400
0,10
Coeficiente de potencia cp [ - ]
2.000
200
0
0,00
0
5
10
15
20
25
Velocidad del viento v en altura de buje [m/s]
Curva de potencia P ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
Curva de potencia P ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
Coef. de potencia cp ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
Coef. de potencia cp ρ = 1,225 kg/m³
Curva de Potencia E82 2 MW calculada Rev 1_1
Rev.: 1.1
Impresión: 16.07.2007
TÜV SÜD Industrie Service GmbH
Certification Body for Wind Turbines
Statement of Compliance
for the Design Assessment
Registration No.:
02.11.06.22.00
This statement of compliance
is issued for:
For the wind turbine:
ENERCON GmbH
Dreekamp 5
26605 Aurich, Germany
ENERCON E-82
Hub Height 78 m, 84 m, 98 m and 108 m
IEC WTGS-Class IIA
EN WTGS-Class IIA
NVN WTGS-Class IIA
This statement confirms the compliance of the above mentioned wind turbine with the international
standard “IEC 61400-1 Wind turbine generator systems – Part 1: Safety requirements 02/1999”,
the european standard “EN 61400-1 Wind turbine generator systems – Part 1: Safety requirements (IEC 61400-1:1999, modified) 2004” and with the Dutch prestandard „NVN 11400-0 Wind
turbines – Part 0: Criteria for type certification – Technical criteria 04/1999“, regarding the design.
The wind turbine is specified in the annex on pages 3 to 6.
The statement is based on the following certification reports:
Report No.: issued
Reports on Assessment / Certification Reports
Cert. Body
649 757-1
2005-11-28
Load Assumptions, Hub Height 78 m, (steel tower 77 m)
TÜV SÜD
808 446
2006-05-29
Load Assumptions, Hub Height 84 m, (concrete tower 83 m)
TÜV SÜD
649 757-2
2005-11-28
TÜV SÜD
717 292
2005-11-28
TÜV SÜD
649 757-3
2006-12-12
Amendment to the Load Assumptions
TÜV SÜD
809 390-1
2006-07-07
Rotor Blade Type E82-1
TÜV SÜD
854 007-1
2006-10-02
Machinery Components, Wind Turbine E-82
TÜV SÜD
854 007-2
2006-10-05
Manuals and Documentation, Wind Turbine E-82
TÜV SÜD
page 1 / 6
ANNEX
2006-12-14
Registration No.: 02.11.06.22.00
Characteristic Data ENERCON E-82
General
Design:
direct-driven, horizontal axis wind turbine
with variable rotor speed
Power regulation:
independent pitch system for
each rotor blade
Main braking system:
see power regulation
Rated power:
2000 kW (up to 3000 kW)
Hub height:
78 m, 84 m, 98 m and 108 m
Rotor speed:
variable, 6 – 19.5 rpm (20.5 rpm)
Rated wind speed:
11.7 m/s (13.4 m/s)
Cut-out wind speed:
22 – 34 m/s (gradually reduced rotor speed)
IEC 61400-1 WTGS-class:
II A
EN 61400-1 WTGS-class:
II A
NVN 11400-0 WTGS-class:
II A
Reference wind speed:
42.5 m/s
Extreme gust (50-year-recurence): 59.5 m/s
Annual average wind speed:
8.5 m/s
Characteristic turbulence intensity:
18 %
Nacelle
Manufacturer:
Drawing No.:
ENERCON GmbH
66.00.241-0
Rotor
Diameter:
Number of blades:
Orientation:
Rotor blade type:
Manufacturer:
Material:
82.0 m
3
upwind
E82-1
ENERCON GmbH
glass-fiber reinforced epoxy
Blade Adapter
Design:
Material:
Drawing No.:
cast
EN-GJS-400-18U-LT
66.01.280-6
Pitch System
Blade bearing:
Drawing No. / Specification:
Manufacturer / bearing type:
Double-row ball bearing slewing ring
66.01.281-0 / MK 66 034-1
Liebherr-Werk Biberach / KUD 188 VA 802-000, Ind. 2
or Rothe Erde / 091.40.1700.001.44.1402 A
2-staged planetary gear
i = 149
66.01.282-0 / MK 66 035-0
Lohmann + Stolterfoht / GFB 9 W3 6032
or Liebherr-Werk Biberach / DAT 250/497
or Zollern / ZHP 3.19-P-L-SO
Pitch drive:
Ratio:
Drawing No. / Specification:
Manufacturer / Gear box type:
page 3 / 6
ANNEX
2006-12-14
Pitch System
Pitch motor:
Specification:
Manufacturer / Type:
Direct current motor with brake
MK 66 029-0
Ruckh Elektromotorenbau / GN112/4L E-82
or Ramme / GM 112L4 Br 3,3 kW
or Emod / GKN112/4-200
Rotor Hub
Design:
Material:
Drawing No.:
cast
EN-GJS-400-18-LT
66.01.348-1
Rotor Bearing
Thrust Bearing:
Drawing No./ Specification:
Tapered roller bearing
66.01.336-1 / MK66030-1
SKF / BT2-8168 HA1/VK443
or FAG / F-809483.TR2
or TIMKEN / B-121305-A
Cylindrical roller bearing
66.01.087-1 / MK66030-1
SKF / BC1-8033/HB1VK443
or FAG / F-804522.ZL
or TIMKEN / E-2506-A
Loose Bearing:
Axle Pin
Design:
Material:
Drawing No.:
cast
EN-GJS-400-18-LT
66.01.347-1
Generator
Design:
Drawing No. Generator Stator:
Drawing No. Generator Rotor:
Materials:
direct driven, separately excited synchronous
generator, stator and rotor being part of
the main structure
66.01.088-8, 66.01.315-1, 66.01.331-1 and 66.01.324-1
66.01.323-1
EN-GJS-400-18-LT, S355J2G3 and S235JRG2
Main Carrier
Design:
Material:
Drawing No.:
cast
EN-GJS-400-18-LT
66.03.091-0 and 66.03.092-0
Yaw System
Yaw bearing:
Double-row ball bearing slewing ring
66.03.069-1 / MK 66 033-0
Liebherr-Werk Biberach / KUD248VA801-000 Ind. 1.0
or Hoesch Rothe Erde / 091.40.1988.000.48.1502 B
4-staged planetary gear
6
66.03.017-2 / MK 66 031-0
Lohmann + Stolterfoht / GFB 60 T4 6022
or Liebherr-Werk Biberach / DAT 400/439
or Zollern / ZHP 3.25-L-STZ-P
Yaw drive:
Number of yaw drives:
page 4 / 6
ANNEX
2006-12-14
Yaw System
Yaw motor:
Specification:
three-phase motor with brake
MK 66 028-0
Ruckh Elektromotorenbau / TRB 112M-6 TF
or Liebherr (ATB) / BAF 112M/6K-11R
or VEM / B21RW 112 M 6 MLEN
Parking Brake
Design:
disc brake with 2 electro-mechanically
operated calipers
Hanning & Kahl / HEAW 300 T
Rotor Lock
Design:
Drawing No.:
manually operated locking device
66.90.174-0
Tower
HH 78 m
Design / Type:
Tower
HH 84 m
Design / Type:
welded tubular steel tower with embedded
steel section in the foundation / E-82/S/77/4F/01
No. of sections:
4
Length:
76.35 m
Drawing No. tower:
66.10.438-1
Drawing No. foundation section: 66.10.441-1
Concrete part - no. of sections:
Drawing No.:
Height of concrete sections:
Steel part - no. of sections:
Drawing No.
Length:
Tower
HH 98 m
Design:
Drawing No.:
Drawing No.
Length:
page 5 / 6
prestressed precast concrete unit tower with
steel segments on top / E-82/BF/83/17/01
15
82-12-502-01 order no. 2790-06
57.39 m above foundation level
2
66.15.070-0
25.91 m
18
82-12-502-01 order no. 2666-05
2
66.15.026-0
28.23 m
ANNEX
2006-12-14
Tower
HH 108 m
Design:
Drawing No.:
Drawing No.
Length:
21
82-12-502-00 order no. 2701-05
2
66.15.038-0
26.75 m
Control System Design:
Manufacturer:
hierarchical microprocessor system
ENERCON GmbH
Safety System
electro mechanic components for
super ordinate function with
self-sufficient pitch drives
ENERCON GmbH
Design:
Manufacturer:
End of Annex
page 6 / 6
ENERCON
Spain
Av. Juan de la Cierva, 27 – Parc
Tecnològic - 46980 PATERNA
(Valencia), Spain
Tel.:+34 961 366 290
Fax:+34 96 136 78 75
Curva de potencia de los
aerogeneradores ENERCON
página
1 de 6
En los útlimos años y gracias a la amplia experiencia adquirida con miles de
aerogeneradores repartidos por diversos puntos del mundo, se ha demostrado que los
estándares vigentes (en la actualidad IEC 61400-12 y Measnet) en cuanto a la medida de la
curva de potencia de los aerogeneradores son deficientes en su propósito de medir,
certificar y verificar dicha curva de potencia.
Esto se debe entre otros motivos a que los estándares vigentes no han considerado o no
son claros en lo referente a los siguientes aspectos:
1. Cada tipo de anemómetro recoge diferentes datos de velocidad de viento, dando
como resultado distintas curvas de potencia. Los documentos incluidos a
continuación muestran los resultados de las mediciones llevadas a cabo durante un
mismo intervalo de tiempo y en el mismo aerogenerador E-40/6.44 pero utilizando
anemómetros diferentes. Con las mediciones del anemómetro Thies se alcanza un valor
máximo Cp de 0,47 mientras que con las del anemómetro Vector la cifra alcanza una
máxima de 0,57 (certificados originales disponibles)
Cp máx. = 0,47
AnemómetroThies
Version 1.0
Traducción inglés-español de Ainhoa Robles ref. T03-022
Noviembre 2002
ENERCON
Spain
(Valencia), Spain
Tel.:+34 961 366 290
Fax:+34 96 136 78 75
página
2 de 6
Cp máx. = 0,57
Anemómetro
Vector
Al calcular la producción de energía con cada una de las curvas de potencia resultantes
se observa una diferencia de producción de energía de entre un 4,5% y un 9% mayor
con la curva Vector (según la velocidad anual de viento en el emplazamiento concreto)
a pesar de tratarse del mismo aerogenerador.
Esto constata la necesidad de tener en cuenta el tipo de anemómetro usado al comparar
las curvas de potencia o al predecir rendimientos energéticos por medio de medidas de
viento. Los estándares han sido modificados recientemente y ahora aceptan sólo el
anemómetro Vector/Riso. Sin embargo en el mercado aún se encuentran curvas de
potencia medidas con todo tipo de anemómetros (ateniéndose a los estándares
anteriores).
Version 1.0
Noviembre 2002
ENERCON
Spain
(Valencia), Spain
Tel.:+34 961 366 290
Fax:+34 96 136 78 75
página
3 de 6
2. La curva del aerogenerador está directamente relacionada con las turbulencias del
emplazamiento concreto. El gráfico de la medición llevada a cabo con el
aerogenerador ENERCON E-30 lo ilustra claramente (DEWI, 1996 – certificados
originales disponibles)
Las mediciones se tomaron durante el mismo intervalo de tiempo, en la misma turbina y
con el mismo tipo de anemómetro. Los datos de la medición se corresponden con las
dos siguientes clases de turbulencias: 10% < ti < 14% and ti > 14%.
*3)
*2)
Version 1.0
Noviembre 2002
ENERCON
Spain
(Valencia), Spain
Tel.:+34 961 366 290
Fax:+34 96 136 78 75
página
4 de 6
Al calcular la producción de energía con cada una de las curvas de potencia, se observa
una diferencia en la producción de energía de un 2% (según la velocidad anual de viento
en el emplazamiento concreto) tratándose del mismo aerogenerador.
Lo mismo sucede con el E-66/18.70 (DEWI, 2001). Seguimos hablando del mismo
espacio de tiempo, mismo aerogenerador y mismo anemómetro para turbulencias por
encima y por debajo del 10,8% (documentos originales DEWI disponibles).
ENERCON E-66 / 18.70
Evaluation of power curve measurement for one and the same turbine and
the same measurement period but two different turbulence classes
< 10,8% und > 10,8% (DEWI, August 2001)
0,5
2000
1800
0,4
Power output [kW]
1600
1400
0,3 Cp
1200
0,2
1000
800
P1 (Turbulence class0,1
< 10,8%)
600
P2 (Turbulence class0> 10,8%)
400
cp1 (Turbulence class < 10,8%)
-0,1
200
cp2 (Turbulence class > 10,8%)
-0,2
0
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
wind speed hub height [m/s]
De nuevo se observa que al calcular la producción de energía con ambas curvas de
potencia, la producción de energía varía en torno al 5% (según la velocidad anual de
viento en el emplazamiento concreto) y sigue tratándose del mismo aerogenerador.
Los estándares vigentes no se ocupan de la relación entre las curvas de potencia y la
intensidad de las turbulencias. Tampoco consideran las ráfagas de viento que varían
según el emplazamiento.
Lo ideal sería medir la familia de curvas de potencia y certificarla, definiendo una curva
para cada tipo de turbulencia y ráfaga de viento.
Version 1.0
Noviembre 2002
ENERCON
Spain
(Valencia), Spain
Tel.:+34 961 366 290
Fax:+34 96 136 78 75
página
5 de 6
3. Las medidas de las curvas de potencia, suelen alcanzar máximos en torno a los
20m/s (con medias de 10 min.), ya que es casi imposible encontrar emplazamientos en
los que se superen los 25 m/s en medias de 10 min. Además, la velocidad de viento de
corte de algunos aerogeneradores está muy por debajo de los 25 m/s y se produce una
gran histéresis hasta conectar nuevamente. Sin embargo, los estándares vigentes no lo
tienen en consideración y permiten incluir en los certificados una curva que aumenta de
forma lineal hasta los 25 m/s en los cálculos de producción de energía. Pero la realidad
es distinta. Normalmente los aerogeneradores cuentan con un procedimeitno de parada
que corta las curvas de potencia mucho antes (este aspecto se explica de forma más
detallada en las descripciones del sistema de control ENERCON). Como resultado, los
cálculos elaborados con esta curva de potencia sobreestiman la realidad. Ésto no
sucede con el sistema de control ENERCON.
Esto significa que las curvas de potencia de un mismo modelo de aerogenerador
medidas en distintos emplazamientos con diferentes equipos de medición serán, sin
duda, distintas y que se debe por tanto tener especial cuidado al comparar curvas de
potencia de diferentes modelos de aerogeneradores.
Teniendo todo lo anterior presente y consciente del proceso de homologación de los
estándares, ENERCON ofrece una garantía de producción de acuerdo al siguiente
procedimiento:
Curva de potencia de los aerogeneradores ENERCON
El factor económico decisivo de un parque eólico, aparte del viento en el emplazamiento, no
radica en el cumplimiento al detalle de la curva de potencia certificada sino en la cifra de
producción anual real de energía calculada con dicha curva de potencia. Por tanto se ha de
disponer de una curva de potencia fiable con la que calcular la producción y de una garantía
de producción del parque al utilizar dicha curva de potencia.
La curva de potencia de los aerogeneradores ENERCON se define en base a:
•
Las mediciones de curvas de potencia para el modelo de aerogenerador en cuestión
medidas por organismos oficiales y documentadas con sus respectivos certificados o en
base a
Cálculos y experiencia con otros modelos en caso de que aún no se hayan comenzado
o finalizado las mediciones.
•
Una intensidad de turbulencias media del 12%
•
Una densidad estándard del aire de 1,225 kg/m3
•
Supuestos realistas del comportamiento del anemómetro.
Version 1.0
Noviembre 2002
ENERCON
Spain
(Valencia), Spain
Tel.:+34 961 366 290
Fax:+34 96 136 78 75
•
página
6 de 6
Operación del aerogenerador por medio del sistema de control patentado por
ENERCON que permite un funcionamiento del aerogenerador sin corte por fuertes
vientos. En consecuencia, la prolongación de la curva de potencia ENERCON a 25 m/s
está justificada, ya que sus aerogeneradores operan a plena potencia alcanzando los 25
m/s (medidas de 10 min). Véase la documentación relacionada con el sistema de control
ENERCON.
Partiendo de esta base, se pueden garantizar al 100% las curvas de potencia y por
tanto su utilización en el cálculo de la producción de energía. Es decir, todo cálculo
de producción de energía realizado con dichas curvas de potencia está a su vez 100%
garantizado (siempre en relación directa con la velocidad de viento en el
emplazamiento concreto)
Además, el sistema de control ENERCON dará producciones extra en emplazamientos con
medias anuales de velocidad de viento muy altas, donde se alcanzan velocidades que
superan los 25 m/s:
Producción extra en
Meida anual de viento en la porcentaje de producción
altura de buje
anual calculada con la
curva de potencia
garantizada
8 m/s
9 m/s
10 m/s
11 m/s
Version 1.0
1%
1,5 %
2%
2,5 %
Noviembre 2002
ENERCON
GmbH
ENERCON Storm control
Dreekamp 5 Tel.: 04941 / 927 - 0
26605 Aurich Fax: 04941 / 927 -109
page
1 of 3
Los aerogeneradores ENERCON pueden operar bajo el llamado “modo de control de ráfagas de
viento”, que permite el funcionamiento de la turbina en condiciones de mucho viento sin que tengan
lugar procedimientos de parada y arranque, que provocan normalmente una pérdida considerable
de producción energética.
1. Funcionamiento normal
De forma esquemática, la curva de potencia de un aerogenerador muestra la siguiente tendencia:
Potencia
Pr
Velocidad de viento
v1
v2
v4
v3
En v1, conocida como velocidad de inicio, el aerogenerador comienza a girar y genera energía
conforme a la curva de potencia normal. La forma de la curva entre v1 y v2 depende en gran medida
de la intensidad de turbulencia (consulte la descripción de curvas de potencia facilitada en
documento correspondiente). A partir de v2 (punto todavía muy vinculado a la intensidad de
turbulencia), el aerogenerador funciona con una potencia nominal.
Durante el funcionamiento normal, existe lo que se llama la velocidad de parada v3 con la que la
turbina se detendría siguiendo un proceso similar al siguiente:
-
La turbina se detiene cuando se sobrepasa una determinada velocidad media máxima del
viento. Para los aerogeneradores ENERCON con el modo de control de ráfagas de viento
desactivado, ésta es de 25 m/s en un promedio de 20 segundos. Su funcionamiento no se
iniciará de nuevo hasta que la velocidad media real del viento sea inferior a la de parada o
incluso más baja que la velocidad de “reactivación" del viento v4 (histéresis de altos vientos).
Cuando se producen vientos racheados, se tarda cierto tiempo hasta que la velocidad media del
viento descienda por debajo de ese nivel. Por tanto, se desperdicia una gran cantidad de
energía con la turbina parada.
-
La turbina también se detiene si la velocidad momentánea de las ráfagas de viento (p. ej.
durante 3 segundos) supera un nivel máximo y no se vuelve a activar hasta que la velocidad del
viento se reduce por debajo de un valor inferior.
Con todos los tiempos de espera, inicio y parada, se pierde mucha energía. Por tanto, hay que tener
en cuenta que se produce una pérdida considerable de energía en cierto número de casos en los
que la velocidad media del viento es alta. Este hecho no se refleja en el cálculo de producción de
energía en el que se emplea una curva de potencia ampliada de hasta 25 m/s, ya que no es
representativa del del funcionamiento normal real de la turbina.
Versión 2.0
Marzo 2003
ENERCON
GmbH
Dreekamp 5 Tel.: 04941 / 927 - 0
26605 Aurich Fax: 04941 / 927 -109
page
2 of 3
El motivo son las ráfagas de viento: con una velocidad media del viento de 25 m/s durante 10 min,
suele haber muchos casos de períodos de 20 segundos con una velocidad media de 25 m/s o
también puede haber ráfagas de viento cuya velocidad sea superior a la de parada, con lo que la
turbina se detiene bastantes veces. Esto también puede pasar con medias de 24, 23 e incluso de 20
m/s.
El proceso completo de detención y arranque suele tardar varios minutos, durante los cuales no se
genera energía. El resultado puede ser una pérdida del 1 % de la producción energética anual en un
solo día de tormenta. Así es como ocurre en la práctica. Hasta ahora un aerogenerador funcionando
en condiciones ideales a potencia nominal sin parar ante una velocidad media de 25 m/s era sólo
teoría.
Esta pérdida de producción energética provocada por velocidad alta de viento ha sido una de las
razones por las que ENERCON ha desarrollado y patentado lo que se conoce como el modo
operativo de control de ráfagas de viento.
2. Control de ráfagas de viento ENERCON
Los aerogeneradores ENERCON se rigen por una filosofía distinta cuando se registran vientos
fuertes. Las turbinas vienen provistas del llamado software de regulación de control de ráfagas
que evita las paradas en condiciones de vientos fuertes.
En vez de funcionar a partir de ciertos parámetros de parada como los mencionados anteriormente,
cuando se producen fuertes vientos, las palas giran su posición en cierta medida para reducir la
velocidad rotativa y, por consiguiente, la salida de potencia del equipo sin que éste tenga que
detenerse por completo. Cuando amainan las ráfagas, las palas vuelven a su posición anterior y la
turbina retoma la velocidad máxima inmediatamente sin que se haya originado un proceso de
parada-arranque, con la pérdida de tiempo que ello implica.
De forma esquemática, las curvas de potencia para los aerogeneradores ENERCON, con el modo
de control de ráfagas de viento activado, muestran las siguientes características:
Potencia
Pr
v1
v2
Vráfagas
v0
Velocidad
viento
A partir de una cierta velocidad media del viento (vráfagas), la producción de energía va disminuyendo
poco a poco hasta llegar a cero (en v0) sin llegar a detenerse. La velocidad de rotación mínima es
de unas 6 rpm. y no hay desconexión de la red. Durante las ráfagas de viento, la potencia de la
Versión 2.0
Marzo 2003
ENERCON
GmbH
Dreekamp 5 Tel.: 04941 / 927 - 0
26605 Aurich Fax: 04941 / 927 -109
page
3 of 3
turbina se mueve por la curva hacia un lado y otro, sin paradas y retoma la potencia nominal en
cuanto el viento lo permite.
Con el sistema de control de ráfagas de viento patentado por ENERCON, la potencia se reduce
cuando los vientos oscilan entre 28 y 34 m/s. De esta manera la turbina puede funcionar, en la
mayoría de los casos, con una potencia nominal de hasta 25 m/s (para promedios de 10 minutos).
En este modo, no es necesario realizar una deducción por histéresis de vientos fuertes cuando se
calcula la producción energética con la curva de potencia ampliada de hasta 25 m/s.
Además, el sistema de control de ráfagas de viento ENERCON permite una producción superior en
aquellos emplazamientos con velocidades medias anuales muy altas y cuya distribución del viento
presente algunas horas con vientos por encima de los 25 m/s:
velocidad media anual del
viento a altura de buje
8 m/s
9 m/s
10 m/s
11 m/s
producción adicional como
porcentaje de la
producción anual calculada
con la curva de potencia
garantizada
1%
1,5 %
2%
2,5 %
La evaluación del diseño de los aerogeneradores ENERCON incluye los espectros de carga para
este modo de control de ráfagas de viento. Dado que no hay procesos de parada y arranque
frecuentes, ni procesos de frenado, con condiciones de viento fuerte acompañado de picos de
carga, la carga de la turbina resulta más moderada.
Versión 2.0
Marzo 2003
Page
Coeficiente de empuje ENERCON E-82
1 of 1
Potencia nominal:
Curva de potencia:
2.000 kW
curva de potencia calculada (enero 2005)
Velocidad de viento
Potencia
ct
[m/s]
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
10,0
11,0
12,0
13,0
14,0
15,0
16,0
17,0
18,0
19,0
20,0
21,0
22,0
23,0
24,0
25,0
[kW]
0,0
3,0
25,0
82,0
174,0
321,0
532,0
815,0
1.180,0
1.612,0
1.890,0
2.000,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
2.050,0
[-]
0,000
0,786
0,782
0,781
0,782
0,781
0,778
0,777
0,777
0,778
0,779
0,777
0,675
0,473
0,366
0,294
0,242
0,202
0,171
0,146
0,126
0,110
0,097
0,086
0,077
(Simulación ENERCON)
Valores ct del ENERCON E-82
Coeficiente de empuje [-]
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
Velocidad de viento en altura de buje [m/s]
Document information:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Mei/ 07.06.05 Translator/date:
SA Revisor/date:
MK/ 07.06.05 Reference:
SA-001-ct_E82 Rev1.0ger-spa.doc
Comment to requirements in Spain to provide a
certificate for WECs to meet PO 12.3 requirements
Page
1 of 2
Respecto al tema de "certificados" para pasar
huecos de tensión es importante saber, que
en el PO12.3 dice: "Segundo.– Al objeto de
verificar el cumplimiento de los requisitos
especificados en este procedimiento de
operación, se desarrollará un sistema de
certificación de acuerdo con lo previsto en el
Real Decreto 2200/1995, ..."
Regarding the issue of a "certificate" for passing voltage dips it is important to know, that in
the PO12.3 it says: "Second. - To the object to
verify the performance of the requirements
specified in this procedure of operation, a system of certification will be developed in
agreement with the anticipated thing in Real
Decree 2200/1995... "
Desgraciadamente
este
"sistema
de
certificación", que el sector eólico desarrolló
con apoyo de REE y otras instituciónes, está
pendiente de su aprobación. El documento
"PROCEDIMIENTO DE VERIFICACION,
VALIDACION Y CERTI-FICACION DE LOS
REQUISITOS DEL PO 12.3 SOBRE LA
RESPUESTA DE LAS INSTALA-CIONES
EÓLICAS ANTE HUECOS DE TENSIÓN"
(=PVVC) está hecho hace meses, pero falta
que las instituciones responsables lo
aprueben. Antes de que este PVVC esté en
vigor, es imposible para cualquiere fabricante
de
aero-generadores
(o
institucion
certificadora) de presentar un certificado, tal
como lo indica el PO12.3.
Unfortunately this "system of certification", that
the wind sector developed with support of REE
and others institutions, is pending of its approval. The document " PROCEDURE FOR
VERIFICATION VALIDATION AND CERTIFICATION OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE
PO 12.3 ON THE RESPONSE OF WIND
FARMS IN THE EVENT OF VOLTAGE DIPS"
(= PVVC) in finished since month, but the approval of the responsible institutions is missing.
Before this PVVC is in force, it is impossible for
any manufacturer of wind energy converters (or
certifying institution) to present a certificate, as
the PO 12.3 indicates it.
El PO12.3 se refiere al punto de conexión de
la instalación eólica en general, mientras el
fabricante al principio puede confirmar solo
un cierto comportamiento del aerogenerador
individual en sus bornes. El comportamiento
eléctrico en el punto de conexión del parque
puede depender de la configuración
especifica del proyecto. La posible diferencia
en el compor-tamiento del aerogenerador
individual y del parque total en el nudo de
conexión es tema clave del PVVC. Allí esta
definido exactamente bajo cuales condiciones
se admite asumir, que cuando el
aerogenerador
individual
cumple
los
requisitos del PO 12.3, tambien el parque
entero las cumple. Debido además, que sin
la clarificación técnica del PVVC algunas
expresiones en el PO 12.3 son ambiguos, un
fabricante de aerogeneradores no puede
confirmar, que su aerogenerador individual
cumple con el PO 12.3.
Lo que ENERCON podría hacer es confirmar
que el aerogenerador cumplo con lo que está
establecido en el ENERCON Data Sheet Grid
Performance.
The PO12.3 refers to the point of connection of
the installation of turbines in general, while the
manufacturer can only confirm a certain behaviour of the individual wind energy converter at
its terminals. The electrical characteristics at
the point of connection of the wind farm can
depend on the special configuration of the project. The possible difference in the behaviour of
the individual wind energy converter and the
whole wind farm at the point of connection is
key subject of the PVVC. In there is defined exactly under which conditions it is admitted to
assume, that when the individual WEC meets
the requirements of PO 12.3, the whole wind
farm meets them too. Given additionally, that
without the technical clarification of the PVVC
some expressions in the PO 12.3 are ambiguous, a manufacturer of WECs cannot confirm,
that its individual WEC complies with the PO
12.3.
What ENERCON could do is to confirm that the
WEC meets with what is defined in the ENERCON Data Sheet Grid Performance.
In case of discrepancies the English version shall prevail
Document Information:
Compiled/Date/Rev.:
Department:
Checked/Date:
EQ-MB/3.7.2007Rev003 Translator/Date:
Sales/Technical Support Checked/Date:
X. XXX/XX.XX.XX File name:
SL_TS_Statement_certificate PO12.3_rev003_eng+spa
Comment to requirements in Spain to provide a
certificate for WECs to meet PO 12.3 requirements
Ahora es sobre todo un tema formal y legal si
el aerogenerador (o parque) cumple con los
requisitos del PO12.3 o no. De punto de vista
técnico ENERCON no tiene dudas que
cuando el PVVC se aprobará de la forma
como esta previsto (vea borrador de AEE
enero 2007), tendremos dentro de poco un
certificado de una institución independiente
para el aerogenerador individual, que podría
servir – de acuerdo con lo establecido en el
"procedimiento particular" del PVVC –
tambien para el parque entero.
Page
2 of 2
It is now mainly a formal and legal issue
whether the WECs (or wind farm) meet with the
requirements of the PO12.3. From the technical
point of view, ENERCON has no doubt that
when the PVVC will be approved in the way it is
intended (see AEE 's draft of January 2007), we
will soon have a certificate of an independent
institution for the individual WEC, that could be
also used – according to what is defined in the
"particular procedure" of the PVVC – for the
whole wind farm.
Compiled/Date/Rev.:
Department:
Checked/Date:
EQ-MB/3.7.2007Rev003 Translator/Date:
Sales/Technical Support Checked/Date:
X. XXX/XX.XX.XX File name:
SL_TS_Statement_certificate PO12.3_rev003_eng+spa
Explicaciones de ENERCON respecto a
control de potencia activa y control de frecuencia
por medio de la potencia activa
Page
1 of 2
A través del sistema ENERCON SCADA se pueden realizar algunas funciones de control del
parque en general, que se indican a continuación. Mas detalles están en la documentación
adjunta ENERCON SCADA System y ENERCON Grid Data Acquisition (GDA).
1° Control de potencia activa y señales de comunicación
Si se instala el dispositivo ENERCON GDA y se conecta tanto con transformadores de tensión y corriente en el punto de referencia (habitualmente el punto de conexión del parque),
como con el sistema ENERCON SCADA, se puede implementar un circuito cerrado de control.
Esto permite regular la potencia activa que el parque inyecta a la red. Se puede limitar la
potencia a cualquier valor entre 0% y 100% de la potencia nominal del parque, sin limitación
de plazo. El control mantiene la potencia activa (el valor promedio de cada 10 minutos) dentro de un rango de menor de +/-5% , siempre y cuando el viento no sea inferior a la velocidad que corresponde a esta potencia.
El sistema GDA dispone de un interfaz de comunicación protocolo MODBUS, a través del
cual se puede mandar una consigna Pmax al parque (registro 26, pagina 7). Además el GDA
del parque ofrece una señal que potencia sería disponible como máximo (registro 17, vea
pagina 7 documento GDA)
Se ruega tener en cuenta que un control y señales intercambiados siempre tienen efecto al
parque eólico entero, nunca al aerogenerador individual.
2° Control de frecuencia por medio de la potencia activa
En sistemas electricamente pequeños puede haber la necesidad de que también parques
eólicos contribuyan a la estabilidad de frecuencia de forma tal, que disminuyan su potencia
activa inyectada en la red en caso de sobrefrecuencias, y que la aumenten en caso de subfrecuencias. Este requerimiento existe por ejemplo en Irlanda para parques eólicos por encima de una cierta potencia instalada y parques de ENERCON por supuesto lo cumplen.
Esta reacción a una desviación de frecuencia se puede activar o desactivar.
Hay que distinguir entre situaciones de sobrefrecuencias y subfrecuencias:
a. En el caso de sobrefrecuencia el aerogenerador puede automáticamente recortar su
potencia inyectada, si sea necesario incluso hasta cero. Esta posibilidad está descrito en el documento “Data Sheet Grid Performance”, capitulo 10.
b. En el caso de subfrecuencia el aerogenerador puede aumentar su potencia inyectada solo, si anteriormente ha recibido una señal que le limita su potencia actual a un
valor por debajo de lo que sería posible con las condiciones actuales de viento. Así el
aerogenerador tendría una potencia de reserva, que el puede aportar automáticamente, en el caso que la frecuencia realmente cae por debajo de un cierto limite. La
señal de limitación de potencia tiene efecto y se transmita igual como está indicado
en el apartado anterior (“Control de potencia activa y señales de comunicación”). La
reserva de potencia habrá que ajustar específicamente al sistema eléctrico, en todo
caso no puede superar un 10% de la potencia actual del aerogenerador.
Para ambos casos los máximos gradientes de potencia dependen del viento y deben ajustarse respecto al proyecto eólico y las necesidades del sistema eléctrico especifico. Como
gradientes orientativos véase por favor el “Data Sheet Grid Performance”, capitulo 9.
También hay que tener en cuenta como un parque eólico debe actuar en al caso de fallos de
comunicación (default values).
Compiled / Date / Rev.:
Department:
Checked / Date:
EQ / 6.9.2007 / Rev001 Translator / Date:
Sales / Technical Support Checked / Date:
File name:
SL_TS_ENERCON comentarios P y P(f)_rev001_spa.doc
Explicaciones de ENERCON respecto a
control de potencia activa y control de frecuencia
por medio de la potencia activa
Page
2 of 2
Especialmente en sistemas eléctricos aislados (islas) habrá que analizar de forma preventiva la posible coincidencia de huecos de tensión y desviación de frecuencia para ajustar los
parámetros de control del aerogenerador y así asegurar un comportamiento deseable para
el sistema eléctrico.
Un control de potencia activa y/o una contribución al control de frecuencia no afectan la vida
útil de un aerogenerador ENERCON.
Para finalizar es importante explicar que tanto un control de potencia, como una contribución
a la estabilidad del sistema eléctrico en caso de subfrecuencias, disminuyen la energía inyectada a la red y por tanto, tienen un efecto económico negativo para el operador del parque. Sin embargo estas características eléctricas pueden ser de alta necesidad para el sistema eléctrico entero, entonces también se puede estipular un valor económico a ellos (“ancillary system service”). Esto será un tema a acordar entre el operador del sistema y el operador del parque.
Compiled / Date / Rev.:
Department:
Checked / Date:
EQ / 6.9.2007 / Rev001 Translator / Date:
Sales / Technical Support Checked / Date:
File name:
SL_TS_ENERCON comentarios P y P(f)_rev001_spa.doc
Description
ENERCON Grid Data Acquisition
Page
1 of 10
ENERCON
Grid Data Acquisition
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Revision:
Subject to technical modifications
EQ 24-11-05 Translator/date:
CCarsted / 5 April 2006
VI; T&D Systems Revisor/date:
WRD/E WB 28-03-06 Reference:
T&D-04-SCADA_GDA_060328_Rev1.5_ger1.5
eng.doc.doc
Description
Page
2 of 10
Table of Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3
The ENERCON Grid Data Acquisition on a wind farm.................................................... 4
How the ENERCON GDA works .................................................................................... 5
3.1. Measurement in the four-quadrant system .............................................................. 5
3.2. Instrument transformers .......................................................................................... 6
3.3. Connecting the GDA to the ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM ...................................... 6
3.4. ENERCON GDA used as part of a closed-loop control system................................ 7
3.5. Response in the event of communication faults....................................................... 8
4. Requirements................................................................................................................. 9
5. Maintenance requirements ............................................................................................. 9
6. ENERCON GDA as part of the ENERCON Partner Konzept (EPK) contract .................. 9
7. Standard scope of supply ............................................................................................... 9
8. Miscellaneous ................................................................................................................ 9
9. Technical specifications.................................................................................................10
9.1. Functional specifications ........................................................................................10
9.2. Hardware specifications .........................................................................................10
1.
2.
3.
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Revision:
eng.doc.doc
Description
Page
3 of 10
1. Introduction
ENERCON’s Grid Data Acquisition can be used to measure the key electrical values at the
wind farm’s grid connection point. For display and control purposes, the values are
transmitted to ENERCON SCADA System.
The measured values can then be used to implement any limits specified by the grid operator
concerning power levels delivered or the power factor at the point of delivery.
This document is intended to provide an overview of the key functions of the ENERCON Grid
Data Acquisition1.
1
Abbreviation: GDA
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Revision:
eng.doc.doc
Description
Page
4 of 10
2. The ENERCON Grid Data Acquisition on a wind farm
Point of common coupling
SCADA PC
ENERCON Data bus
Power cable
Figure 1
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Revision:
ENERCON
Grid
ENERCON’s GDA measures the current and voltage at the point of common coupling,
i.e. generally at the substation or at the transmission substation medium voltage bus
bars. The measured data is fed into SCADA.
In combination with reference values, fixed within SCADA or set dynamically for
example through the ENERCON PDI, closed-loop control can be designed.
eng.doc.doc
Page
Description
5 of 10
3. How the ENERCON GDA works
The component at the heart of the ENERCON GDA is a programmable logic controller
(PLC). This enables data exchange between the values measured at the point of delivery
and the SCADA PC.
Currents and voltages are measured via current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformer
(VTs) and monitored via an energy monitor. The data is then transmitted to the PLC. The
SCADA PC retrieves the measured values from the PLC on a cyclic basis.
3.1.
Measurement in the four-quadrant system
The ENERCON GDA regards the wind farm as a generator of electrical energy (just like a
power station). The active power fed into the electrical grid is considered as a positive value.
Reactive power fed into the electrical grid (like from an overexcited synchronous generator)
is also considered as a positive value. When it comes to measuring the reactive energy,
there is a dedicated meter for each quadrant.
The ENERCON GDA uses the measured voltages and currents to calculate the following
values which it then transmits to SCADA:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Active power
Reactive power
3 line voltages
3 currents
Grid frequency
Power factor
Average values for a
period < 1 second
g) Active power generation
h) Active power consumption
i)
j)
Export of reactive energy simultaneous to active power generation.
The wind farm behaves like an overexcited synchronous machine.
Import of reactive energy simultaneous to active power generation.
The wind farm behaves like an underexcited synchronous machine
Cumulative values
k) Import of reactive energy simultaneous to active power consumption.
The idling wind farm behaves like an inductive load.
l)
Export of reactive energy simultaneous to active power consumption.
The idling wind farm behaves like a capacitive load.
Values a) to f) are “online values”, which are generated by the GDA based on measurements
taken over very short periods. Generally, the measurement period is just a fraction of a
second. These values are displayed in SCADA Remote2, when an online connection is
available.
The GDA provides data records to the SCADA SYSTEM with average values collected over
a one minute period along with the respective minimum and maximum values. The SCADA
2
see also documentation of SCADA Remote
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
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eng.doc.doc
Description
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6 of 10
SYSTEM calculates and saves the average values over 10 minute, day, week, month and
year periods, again with the respective minimum and maximum values in each case.
For the purpose of closed loop control applications, the GDA provides data records to the
SCADA SYSTEM over periods ranging from one to several seconds. The exact sampling
rate depends on the configuration of the specific wind farm and is optimized according to
project specifics.
Values g) to l) are the cumulative values since the date of commissioning. If necessary, the
totals can be reset by ENERCON Service.
ENERCON's GDA measures all electrical values from all electrical facilities connected at the
point of common coupling.
The PLC of the ENERCON GDA is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply. This
prevents the loss of the most recently occurred measured values, even in the event of a
power failure.
3.2.
Instrument transformers
With the ENERCON GDA, the values are measured on a 4-wire, 3-phase grid. In principle,
the values can be measured on either the medium voltage or the high voltage side. The rated
voltage and maximum measuring current of instrument transformers have to be taken into
account. See Chapter 9 Technical InformationIf the neutral conductor is not available, the
voltages are measured in relation to earth.
Instrument transformers always have to be used. If the instrument transformers are also
used to measure grid values, the operator will often demand that the instrument transformers
have two cores so that two (identical) signals can be supplied independent of each other. In
this case, the instrument transformer class is agreed with the grid operator.
The appropriate instrument transformer ratio is set during commissioning of the ENERCON
GDA.
3.3.
Connecting the GDA to the ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM
In principle, the ENERCON GDA can be connected to the ENERCON data bus at any point.
The ENERCON data bus is a fibre optic cable.
If copper wire is used for the ENERCON data bus in an existing wind farm, a project specific
solution is agreed with ENERCON. If the GDA is being used for closed-loop control in the
wind farm, it is recommended to connect to the SCADA PC via a dedicated data bus for
optimum control dynamics.
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Revision:
eng.doc.doc
Description
3.4.
Page
7 of 10
ENERCON GDA used as part of a closed-loop control system
In conjunction with the SCADA System and the wind energy converters, ENERCON's GDA
can be used to establish closed-loop control. Closed-loop control is performed in relation to
the measurement point that is usually the point of common coupling.
Wind
Trarget value
PDI
+
SCADA
Wind energy converter
Actual values
(active power
reactive power...)
Figure 2
Principle design of a closed control loop of electrical values, at the point of common
coupling. If a dynamic change of the target values is desired, ENERCON's PDI must
be employed as well.
The controlled electrical value can in principle be active power (P), power factor (cosφ) or the
voltage (U). Under certain conditions combinations of the controlled electrical value are also
possible. This has to be agreed according to project specifics between the customer,
ENERCON and the grid operator. Using the ENERCON GDA it is possible to set up closedloop control within performance periods ranging from one to several seconds.
The accuracy and dynamics of closed-loop control will depend on the configuration of the
farm, the number of connected converters, the class of instrument transformer and other
factors. To ensure stable closed-loop control at the point of common coupling, close
collaboration between the customer, ENERCON and the grid operator is required. Closedloop control and its parameters are designed and adjusted by ENERCON according to
project specifics.
Voltage control
If closed-loop control is required to control voltage at the point of common coupling, it is
necessary to speed up acquiring and saving the actual values. In this case, a special version
of the ENERCON GDA which provides measured values of voltage and frequency
approximately every 400 ms to SCADA must be used. The time constant of such SCADAbased voltage control is just under one second up to several seconds, again depending on
the configuration of the wind farm.
In exceptional cases, when this time constant is still too high and faster control dynamics are
required, ENERCON VCS3 has to be used.
3
see also documentation of ENERCON VCS – Voltage Control System
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Revision:
eng.doc.doc
Description
Page
8 of 10
Target and Actual values
The GDA supplies the actual values. It is possible to set SCADA target values through other
interfaces.
The ENERCON SCADA System provides several interfaces where target values can be set.
Target values are integrated into the SCADA System according to project specifics. (see also
documentation of ENERCON SCADA Process Data Interface - PDI and SCADA System)
If several interfaces are used simultaneously, appropriate priority rules must be set during
the project planning phase.
In the context of closed-loop controls the target values for active power always have to be
taken as maximum permissible values; the actual power delivered will depend on the current
wind speed.
3.5.
Response in the event of communication faults
Faults involving the ENERCON GDA are recognised and communicated to the SCADA
System.
As with all ENERCON wind energy converters, the concept of main status and additional
status applies which together indicate the converter’s operating state. The list of possible
status messages is available from ENERCON Service upon request. SCADA is also
informed in the event of faults in the communication to the SCADA PC or within the GDA.
This information is then passed onto ENERCON Service and any other parties concerned4.
4
see documentation of ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Revision:
eng.doc.doc
Description
Page
9 of 10
4. Requirements
There are no specific requirements to use the ENERCON GDA in a wind farm.
When using the ENERCON GDA for closed-loop control at the point of common coupling,
close collaboration between the customer, the grid operator and ENERCON is required. The
dynamics and the other parameters of a control loop must be adapted according to project
specifics. ENERCON Data Bus should be a fibre optic cable. In the case of older wind farm
with copper wire data buses ENERCON is to be contacted.
5. Maintenance requirements
As long as the ENERCON GDA does not send any warnings to the SCADA SYSTEM, no
maintenance is required. The hardware only needs to undergo visual inspection.
The PLC contains a battery. When the battery charge reaches a critical level, the device
sends a warning message to SCADA. As a precaution, the battery should be changed every
5 years.
Specific maintenance requirements concerning the uninterruptible power supply feature
(UPS) for the ENERCON GDA are available on the UPS data sheet.
6. ENERCON GDA as part of the ENERCON Partner Konzept (EPK)
Whether and how the ENERCON GDA should be covered by an EPK contract must be
agreed according to the specific project.
7. Standard scope of supply
The ENERCON GDA is not included in the standard scope of supply of an ENERCON wind
farm. Use of the system has to be agreed in relation to the specific project.
Uninterruptible power supply is included as a standard.
8. Miscellaneous
By the end of 2005 the ENERCON GDA was already being used on 45 wind farms.
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Revision:
eng.doc.doc
Description
Page
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9. Technical specifications
9.1.
Functional specifications
Rated voltage of the instrument transformer: 100V
Maximum measuring current: 6A
9.2.
Figure 3
Hardware specifications
Usually the ENERCON GDA is housed in a control cabinet measuring
760 X 760 X 300 mm to be mounted on the wall.
The hardware design depends on the individual project and may not be identical to
the drawing shown below.
The ENERCON GDA is usually installed at the point of common coupling, i.e. generally
inside the substation or in the vicinity of the medium voltage busbar in the transmission
substation.
The following connections are required:
Power supply (230 V)
PE cable for lightning protection (16 mm²)
Data cable for the ENERCON wind farm data bus
Voltage transformer test port
Current transformer test port
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) used: APC Smart UPS or equivalent
Document:
Author/date:
Department:
Approved/date:
Revision:
eng.doc.doc
Page 1/2
Extract from Test Report
DEWI-PV 0511-016.3
The reference report DEWI-PV 0511-016.3 was prepared
according to IEC 61400-12-1 (2005) and MEASNET (2000)
Extract from Test Report DEWI-PV 0511-016.3 for power curve
of wind turbine type ENERCON E-82 with a rated power of 2000 kW
Database B (Turbine Status: Availability, without cut-out hysteresis)
Wind Turbine Type:
ENERCON E-82
Technical data (Manufacturer Data)
Turbine Manufacturer:
ENERCON GmbH
Rated Power:
2000 kW
Dreekamp 9
Rated Wind Speed:
13 m/s
D-26605 Aurich
Rotor Speed:
6 - 19.5 rpm (Betrieb 0)
x: 2592260 y: 5914843
Rotor Diameter:
82 m
(Gauß Krüger, Bessel)
Hub Height:
98 m
82001
Blade Angle: pitch
Blade Type: ENERCON 82-1
Turbine Site (approx.):
Serial Number:
Scope of Measurement and Information about Sensors
Measuring Period (CET):
26.10.2006 (17:00) –
30.03.2007 (10:30)
Measurement Accuracy
Power transducer:
18.25 kW
Measurement sector of
wind direction
189 degree – 251 degree,
343 degree – 18 degree
Calibration of anemometer:
Thies 1st Class 4.3350.10.000
0.1 m/s
Height of wind measurement:
97.5 m
Air temperature sensor:
1 °C
Standard air density:
1.225 kg/m³
Ai pressure sensor:
1.5 hPa
Deviation(s) from the standard
No deviations from IEC 61400-12-1 (2005) and MEASNET (2000)
Power Curve according to IEC 61400-12-1 (2005) and MEASNET (2000)
2000
P [kW]
0.55
P
cp
0.50
1800
0.45
1600
0.40
1400
0.35
1200
0.30
1000
0.25
800
0.20
600
0.15
400
0.10
200
0.05
0
cp [-]
2200
0.00
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
v_cor [m/s]
14
16
18
20
22
Measured power curve for standard air density 1.225 kg/m³, only complete bins are given (for minimum three
data sets).
Page 2/2
Extract from Test Report DEWI-PV 0511-016.3
Measurements of Power Curve ENERCON E-82
Standard air density 1,225 kg/m³, only complete bins are given (for minimum three data sets).
BinNo.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Wind Speed
(at hub height)
Vi
[m/s]
0.58
0.98
1.51
1.99
2.56
3.02
3.51
4.01
4.50
5.00
5.52
6.03
6.52
7.01
7.50
7.99
8.51
9.00
9.51
10.01
10.49
11.00
11.49
12.00
12.50
12.99
13.51
13.98
14.51
14.98
15.50
15.98
16.48
17.01
17.49
18.00
18.43
18.97
19.44
20.04
20.42
Effective
Power
Pi
[kW]
-1.54
-1.75
-0.44
3.31
13.46
32.23
58.00
95.66
141.58
196.97
262.15
343.96
439.40
551.30
678.91
830.54
1008.86
1184.03
1395.54
1607.02
1804.63
1982.01
2063.82
2083.30
2089.96
2093.09
2093.59
2091.68
2092.23
2090.97
2089.95
2088.23
2085.72
2083.06
2085.46
2085.60
2088.97
2088.28
2087.64
2085.77
2079.04
Annual Energy Production (AEP)
Yearly mean wind
velocity
(Rayleigh-Curve)
Measured AEP
(measured power
curve)
[m/s]
[MWh]
Number of
Category A
Category B
Combined
Data
Uncertainty
Uncertainty
Uncertainty
Ni
Si
ui
uc,i
[-]
[-]
[kW]
[kW]
[kW]
-2.46
7
0.6
10.6
10.6
-0.57
14
0.5
10.6
10.6
-0.04
18
0.2
10.6
10.6
0.13
20
1.0
10.6
10.7
0.25
35
1.2
10.8
10.9
0.36
61
1.2
11.8
11.9
0.42
42
1.7
12.8
12.9
0.46
56
3.2
15.0
15.3
0.48
102
2.1
17.6
17.8
0.49
71
3.9
20.3
20.6
0.48
68
3.9
23.6
24.0
0.48
88
4.8
29.9
30.3
0.49
119
5.0
37.4
37.8
0.49
177
4.9
45.7
46.0
0.50
250
3.7
54.1
54.2
0.50
287
4.1
66.6
66.7
0.51
383
4.0
77.8
77.9
0.50
383
4.5
83.7
83.9
0.50
432
4.7
101.5
101.7
0.50
541
4.0
106.4
106.5
0.48
509
4.0
108.7
108.7
0.46
449
3.3
96.5
96.5
0.42
346
2.0
48.9
49.0
0.37
385
1.0
17.9
17.9
0.33
273
0.8
14.3
14.4
0.30
259
0.5
13.9
13.9
0.26
240
0.5
13.8
13.8
0.24
197
0.5
13.8
13.8
0.21
182
0.4
13.8
13.8
0.19
127
0.6
13.8
13.8
0.17
122
0.6
13.8
13.8
0.16
119
0.8
13.8
13.9
0.14
110
0.9
13.9
13.9
0.13
79
2.0
13.9
14.0
0.12
81
2.3
13.9
14.1
0.11
53
4.0
13.7
14.3
0.10
37
1.7
14.2
14.3
0.10
20
1.7
13.8
13.9
0.09
3
4.8
13.8
14.6
0.08
3
1.4
13.8
13.9
0.08
4
9.3
16.1
18.6
Standard air density: 1,225 kg/m³, cut-out wind speed: 25 m/s
(Extrapolation with constant effective power starting from last complete bin)
Extrapolated AEP
Uncertainty of measured power curve,
(extrapolated power
displayed as standard deviation of AEP
curve, 100 %
cp,i-value
[MWh]
[%]
[MWh]
4
1657.4
186.1
11.2
1657.4
5
3123.7
259.4
8.3
3123.7
6
4843.5
317.6
6.6
4845.1
7
6553.3
349.7
5.3
6571.7
8
8059.0
359.5
4.5
8145.8
9
9246.5
354.4
3.8
9490.5
10
10075.0
340.5
3.4
10570.5
11 *
10561.2
322.0
3.0
11374.8
*) Incomplete according to IEC 61400-12-1 (AEP-measured less than 95% of the AEP-extrapolated)
This attachment to Test Report is accountable only in conjunction with the “Manufacture’s certificate on specific data of the
type of the installation” from 21.04.2006. This data sheet does not replace the Test Report mentioned above.
Measured by:
DEWI GmbH
Ebertstraße 96
D-26382 Wilhelmshaven
Datum:
11.04.2007
________________________
____________________
(Dipl.-Phys. H. Mellinghoff)
DEWI, Head of Expert Group
(Dipl.-Ing. U. Bunse)
DEWI, Expert
Page
1 of 3
Design Basis E-82
All ENERCON wind energy converters are designed and certified according to the latest
international standards. Currently the basis for design are the internationally acknowledged
IEC standards of the IEC-61400 series.
This implies several assumptions and conditions that are used to define the load cases which
the wind turbine has to survive. In the following, the main design conditions are listed. For
details it is hereby referred to the original IEC standards.
The safety system of the ENERCON wind turbines features various control sensors that
protect the turbine and its components from damage. This includes - among other things - high
and low temperatures, vibrations and oscillations, strain etc. In the case that one or more of
these sensors detect conditions outside the design limits, the main control of the turbine will
take the appropriate measures which range from small power limitations to complete stop of
the turbine.
In case it is planned to install the turbines in complex terrain (included but not limited to steep
hills, mountains, ridges, sites at more than 1000m above sea level, etc.), it is highly
recommended to consult with ENERCON at an early stage of the project in order to carry out a
detailed assessment of the site.
For sites with environmental conditions outside of the design conditions, ENERCON
cannot be held responsible for any defects, including but not limited to damages and/or
loss of energy yield.
IEC Design conditions: Wind classes
Wind turbine classes are defined in terms of wind speed and turbulence parameters. In case
of the standard wind turbine classes, the mean value of the wind speed over a time period of
10 min is assumed to be Rayleigh distributed for the purposes of design load calculations.
The E-82 (turbine and all available towers) are designed for sites with IEC class IIA wind
characteristics:
1. Extreme wind speed (3 sec-average) in hub height
vE = 59.5 m/s
2. Extreme wind speed (10-min average) in hub height
v = 42.5 m/s
3. Annual average wind speed and turbulence intensity
The operational loads of wind energy converters depend on the combination of annual
average wind speed and average turbulence intensity at the site. The E-82 has been
designed for
vm = 8.5 m/s
(annual average wind speed in hub height)
with constant turbulence intensity of 18% at v = 15 m/s
(according to IEC turbulence class A)
Author / date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision / date:
ENERCON reserves the right to technical modifications
MK / 20.09.05
WRD Translator / date:
- Revisor / date:
WRD-04-Design Basis E-82-Rev2_0-eng-eng.doc
2.0 / 28.03.06 Reference:
Page
2 of 3
Design Basis E-82
For the load calculations the following has been assumed:
•
safety factor on the loads of SF = 1.35 (normal and extreme loads)
•
inclination of mean flow with respect to the horizontal plane of up to 8°
(invariant with height)
•
symmetrical icing on all blades (see below)
IEC Design conditions: Other environmental conditions
According to IEC among others the following environmental conditions are taken into account
for the design of the wind turbines:
•
normal system operation ambient
temperature range of
–10°C to +40°C
•
extreme temperature range of
–20°C to +50°C
•
relative humidity of up to
•
atmospheric content equivalent to that of a
•
solar radiation intensity of
1000 W/m2
•
air density of
1.225 kg/m3
95%
non-polluted inland atmosphere
Other Design conditions
In order to protect the wind turbine from damages, it will operate according to the following
scheme, not taking into account power losses due to changes of aerodynamic behavior when
icing occurs on the blades:
T = ambient temperature
T > -15°C
-15°C > T > -25°C
T < -25°C
normal operation
operation with maximum 25% rated power
operation with maximum 5% rated power
The turbine will continue to operate with maximum 5% rated power in order to keep the
rotating components moving and the turbine at a moderate temperature level.
Given this operational characteristics, the survival temperature for a standard E-82 is – 40°C.
According to the GL standard a cold climate site which will call for special requirements for the
wind turbines is defined as follows:
Minimum temperatures of below -20°C have been observed during long term measurements
(preferably ten years or more) on an average of more than nine days a year. The nine-day
criteria is fulfilled, if the temperature at the site remains below -20°C for one hour or more on
the respective days.
Author / date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision / date:
MK / 20.09.05
- Revisor / date:
2.0 / 28.03.06 Reference:
Design Basis E-82
Page
3 of 3
For sites with lower extreme temperatures, different materials will have to be used for various
turbine components including but not limited to lubrication and steel material.
Icing on the blades:
The IEC standard requires that symmetrical icing (i.e. the same amount on each blade) has to
be taken into account, but does not say how. Therefore ENERCON is calculating the ice loads
as described in the GL standard:
The ice accumulates on the leading edge of the blades. There is zero ice at the blade root, the
ice thickness increases linearly up to a value of µ at the middle of the blade and then remains
constant up to the blade tip.
Unsymmetrical icing (different ice mass on the three blades) does not have to be taken into
account, because the ENERCON turbines have a sensor for imbalance that will prevent the
turbine from operation with unsymmetrical ice (imbalance of the rotor).
Wind farm layout (Micrositing)
Loading of wind turbines in a wind farm is determined by the above mentioned external wind
conditions and additionally by the influence of neighboring wind turbines (so-called “wake
effects”). Behind the turbines the incoming wind speed is being reduced, while the turbulence
is increased. The effects of this on the operating loads have been assessed in so-called wake
expertises and the allowed minimum distances of the turbines are defined accordingly,
depending on the annual average wind speed and turbulence intensity at the site. These
expertises are available on request.
In general ENERCON wind turbines can be placed in distances of 5 rotor diameters in
prevailing wind direction and in distances of down to 3 rotor diameters in directions of less
distinct wind without further calculations.
If smaller distances are planned, ENERCON has to approve the park layout. If this
approval is not given or not being asked for, ENERCON cannot be held responsible for
any defects, including but not limited to damages and/or loss of energy yield.
Smaller distances can be allowed if the site and layout conditions comply with the data
mentioned in the wake expertises. If for any reason the conditions do not fit, there is the option
to carry out a site specific calculation at the expense of the customer. In this case please
contact your ENERCON sales representative at an early stage of the project.
Author / date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision / date:
MK / 20.09.05
- Revisor / date:
2.0 / 28.03.06 Reference:
ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM
Product description
Page
1 of 25
ENERCON
SCADA SYSTEM
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
SUBJECT TO TECHNICAL CHANGE
WB / 24-05-2006
WRD-E Translator / date:
RSC / 01-06-2006 Revisor / date:
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
WRD-E-04-SCADA_SYSTEM_060621_Rev2.0_gereng.doc
Product description
Page
2 of 25
Table of contents
1.
2.
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 3
SCADA SYSTEM function within a wind farm ...................................................................... 4
2.1. Schematic structure of an ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM .............................................. 4
2.2. Abstract representation of the ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM........................................ 5
3. How the SCADA system works............................................................................................ 7
3.1. Data acquisition ............................................................................................................ 7
3.2. Messages & communication ......................................................................................... 8
3.2.1. Status data ............................................................................................................ 8
3.2.2. Measured values ................................................................................................... 8
3.2.3. Wind farm data bus ............................................................................................... 8
3.2.4. How the SCADA SYSTEM communicates with the wind turbines .......................... 9
3.2.5. How the SCADA SYSTEM communicates with ENERCON Service .....................10
3.2.6. SCADA SYSTEM response in the event of communication breakdowns ..............11
3.2.7. SCADA REMOTE.................................................................................................11
3.3. Open-loop and closed-loop control with SCADA..........................................................13
3.3.1. Open-loop control systems: ..................................................................................14
3.3.1.1.
Setpoint open-loop control.............................................................................14
3.3.1.2.
Table-based control.......................................................................................14
3.3.1.3.
Control values via interfaces..........................................................................14
3.3.2. Closed-loop control systems:................................................................................15
3.3.3. Active power management ...................................................................................17
3.3.3.1.
Active power control ......................................................................................17
3.3.3.2.
Power gradient regulation..............................................................................18
3.3.4. Voltage-reactive power management ...................................................................19
3.3.4.1.
Power factor control.......................................................................................19
3.3.4.2.
SCADA Voltage Control System (VCS) .........................................................20
3.3.4.3.
Apparent power regulation (optimizing active power).....................................22
4. Requirements .....................................................................................................................23
5. Maintenance requirements .................................................................................................23
6. ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM in the ENERCON PARTNER KONZEPT (EPK)...................23
7. Standard scope of supply ...................................................................................................23
8. Miscellaneous.....................................................................................................................23
9. Technical specifications ......................................................................................................24
9.1. Functional specifications..............................................................................................24
9.2. Hardware specifications...............................................................................................24
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
Product description
Page
3 of 25
1. Introduction
The ENERCON SCADA1 SYSTEM is used for data acquisition, remote monitoring, open-loop
and closed-loop control for both individual wind turbines and wind farms. It enables the customer
and ENERCON Service to monitor the operating state and to analyse saved operating data.
Furthermore, authorised users may use it to modify the operating parameters of the wind
turbines and the connection to the grid. Depending on the application concerned, the ENERCON
SCADA SYSTEM also provides additional options to enable closed-loop control based on
setpoints (e.g. power factor at the point of common coupling).
The SCADA SYSTEM developed by ENERCON was launched in 1998 and is now used in
conjunction with more than 8000 wind turbines worldwide.
This document is intended to provide an overview of the key functions of the ENERCON SCADA
SYSTEM.
1
SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
Product description
Page
4 of 25
2. SCADA SYSTEM function within a wind farm
2.1.
Schematic structure of an ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM
Substation
GDA
SCADA PC
Wind farm
Telecommunications network
Externals
ENERCON
SERVICE
Figure 1
Null modem or network
connection
Home PC
Remote PC
A typical SCADA SYSTEM on a wind farm
Grey lines indicate additional options.
Symbols:
Optical fibre cables or 4-strand data cables
Modem
Telephone network
Weather station
Telephone connection
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
Product description
2.2.
Page
5 of 25
Abstract representation of the ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM
The ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM provides a framework for achieving open/closed-loop control
and communication within the wind farm. Depending on application requirements, several further
options can provide special functions especially for data acquisition or closed-loop control of the
wind farm. The following abstract representation shows the interaction between the system as a
whole and its individual components:
SCADA
REMOTE
SCADA PC
Available
Options :
Figure 2
PDI
GDA
SCU
VCS
METEO
Abstract representation of the ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM
SCADA PC:
The SCADA PC on the wind farm assumes the internal open or closed-loop
control functions, data storage and communication with the outside world.
Only the ENERCON SCADA software runs on this PC.
SCADA REMOTE: A program for remote monitoring and display of operating data with
database support (SCADA DATABASE). If access authorisation is granted,
operation intervention is also possible and operating parameters can be
modified.
PDI:
Process Data Interface; a system used to exchange online wind farm values
with external communication points, some of which are setpoint settings
from grid operators to the wind farm and exporting operating data.
GDA:
Grid Data Acquisition; a system used to measure all current electrical
values at the point of common coupling.
SCU:
Substation Control Unit, a system used for the acquisition of current states
within the substation of a wind farm and for remote switching operation in it.
VCS:
Voltage Control System, for dynamic voltage control at the point of common
coupling. The reactive power range available from the farm’s wind turbines
is used for this purpose.
METEO:
A system for the acquisition of weather data (wind speed, wind direction,
etc.) using a meteorological mast.
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
Product description
Page
6 of 25
Each of the components presented is documented. Constant reference will be made to these
throughout this text.
When speaking of the ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM this means all SCADA components
installed according to project specifics and their interaction. Standard equipment for an
ENERCON wind farm usually only includes the SCADA PC with operating system and the
ENERCON SCADA software package, as well as the licence for the ENERCON SCADA Remote
software package.
The ENERCON SCADA software on the SCADA PC in the wind farm covers numerous wind
farm functions including:
• Requesting status data2 from all connected installations (wind turbines, weather
measurement equipment, grid data acquisition, etc.)
• Storing operating data
• Wind farm communication with external communication points (owner, grid operator,
ENERCON, etc.)
• Open-loop / closed loop control of the wind farm’s electrical output values (if applicable)
• Obstruction light control on wind farm (if applicable)
• Special control for all or a group of wind turbines on the farm (e.g. Start or Stop depending
on the time, wind conditions or temperatures, status data, other installations, if required)
Many of the functions described hereafter are in fact features of the ENERCON SCADA
software.
2
For further details see Chapter 3.1
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3. How the SCADA system works
3.1.
Data acquisition
A mass of data is recorded by the wind turbine’s sensors, which is then forwarded to the
turbine’s central controls. The turbine’s system control processes this for internal control
purposes and provides the SCADA SYSTEM with data.
A distinction is made between:
Operating data
Status data and warning messages
Mechanical characteristics: Speed, nacelle position,
torque
Electrical characteristics: Current and voltage
measured for each phase (at the low voltage terminals
of the converter); power, frequency, energy calculated.
Meteorological data gathered by the weather station
outside the nacelle: wind speed, wind direction and
ambient temperature
Temperature of rotor blades, nacelle interior, tower
interior etc.
Time counter records operating time and downtime
This data is generated from
various internal wind turbine
messages
and
provides
information about the current
operating state and the events
affecting operation.
Voltage and current transformers, temperature sensors, pulsers, vibration sensors, and angle
encoders are some of the sensor types used to gather the measured values. For each phase,
current and voltage is measured at the inverters' low voltage terminals. If required the power can
be measured using calibrated counters in the turbine’s control system.
Status data indicates all turbine operating states. This information is made up of a main status
and substatus or main warning and sub-warning (see Chapter 9.2). In the case of operating
states, that require an ENERCON Service intervention, the system converts the states to
appropriate messages which are then automatically transmitted to ENERCON.
In the following text the abovementioned status and warning messages will be referred to as
"status data".
Status data is updated up to four times per second. The SCADA PC on the wind farm and
ENERCON SCADA Remote both show the latest (current) status. In addition, SCADA Remote
indicates past status messages in chronological order together with the exact time at which they
occurred.
All other operating data is generated by the wind turbine’s control system as one-minute average
values and relayed to the SCADA PC. Furthermore, minimum and maximum speeds, power and
wind speed values occurring per minute are also sent to the SCADA PC.
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As long as an online connection is available, operating data is updated and transmitted to
SCADA REMOTE software on the remote PC with the maximum transfer rate of this online
connection. With conventional telecommunication connections via stable fixed networks, the
remote PC display is updated at least once per second.
Moreover, a multitude of other data recorded in the wind turbine is analysed in the turbine
control system. However it is only made available to ENERCON Service for detailed viewing
where required.
If an ENERCON wind farm has a relay station, a substation or a meteorological mast, the
operating data of these installations can also be integrated into the SCADA SYSTEM.3
3.2.
Messages & communication
3.2.1. Status data
Status messages will vary depending on the type of wind turbine (E-33, E-48, E-70/E4, E-82,
E-112) and control version. The larger the wind turbine, the greater the number of states
possible. Standard sets of main status messages are used for all ENERCON wind turbines.
These are listed on the technical data sheet further on in this document (see chapter 9.1).
3.2.2. Measured values
The SCADA REMOTE documentation contains an overview of all the measured values provided
by the SCADA SYSTEM.
Compared with SCADA REMOTE, the SCADA PC at the wind farm only provides an extremely
simplified visual representation of the current or stored measured values and status data. Its
main purpose is the wind farm control and data management, not the pleasing visualization of
online data. If, for example, a visual representation of the current operating states (wind speed,
power, etc.) is desired for use at a visitor centre, a REMOTE PC (as shown in Figure 1) or a
display panel showing selected values within the farm, can be provided.
3.2.3. Wind farm data bus
The wind turbines in a wind farm are connected to the SCADA PC via internal data bus systems,
generally with optical fibre cables. To prevent overvoltage and to maximize communication
speed, it is advisable to use optical fibre cables. Alternatively copper can be used.
In the interest of achieving a high degree of communication security, up to a maximum of 10
wind turbines are combined into one physical data bus. If there are more than 10, a number of
physical data bus lines are set up as a star configuration. The logical data bus system always
includes all the turbines on the farm.
The distance between two neighbouring turbines connected via the same physical optical fibre
data bus should not exceed 2 km (multimode). In the case of a data bus using copper cables,
the total length of the physical data bus should not exceed 3 km.4 Where larger distances
between two turbines are concerned, power amplifiers must be used in conjunction with copper
3
See separate documentation: ENERCON METEO SYSTEM or Substation Control Unit SCU
See separate documentation: SCADA PC
4
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cables. In such a case of long distances the use of optical fibres requires a switch to single
mode, i.e. special optical fibre cables must be used along with the respective signal converters.
The copper cables must be 4-strand, shielded (telephone) cables. For redundancy and to create
several physical buses, at least 10-pair wiring should be used. Furthermore, in the case of a
copper data bus, surge protectors must be used at various interfaces to protect turbine control,
the SCADA PC, etc.
ENERCON recommends the use of optical fibre cables. This applies, in particular, if closed-loop
controls (see 3.3) are to be used and the number of turbines connected is greater than 10.
The farm’s internal bus system will also be referred to below as the ENERCON data bus.
3.2.4. How the SCADA SYSTEM communicates with the wind turbines
The SCADA SYSTEM carries out cyclic queries concerning the wind turbines’ operating and
status data. The SCADA PC (master) requests this data from the individual turbine controls
(slave) via the ENERCON data bus.
A data packet containing the values obtained over a one minute period is transmitted for each
installation. The SCADA PC creates and records the average values over 10-minute, day, week,
month and year periods, again with the respective minimum and maximum values in each case.
In doing so, reference is always made to the 1-minute mean value.
The data transmission rate within the wind farm will be between 2,400 and 28,800 bauds,
depending on the number of wind turbines connected and their configuration.
Subsequently the SCADA PC is the wind farm's central data node. All communication from the
wind farm with external points is transmitted via this node. A communication avoiding the
SCADA PC is not permitted, amongst other reasons for wind turbine security.
A permanent connection between the SCADA SYSTEM and the outside world is desirable, but is
not a requirement for secure operation. All the wind turbines continue to operate even if there is
a breakdown in communication within the wind farm itself or with external communication points.
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3.2.5. How the SCADA SYSTEM communicates with ENERCON Service
Generally speaking, the SCADA SYSTEM communicates with the external points via a
telephone connection.5 In the event of a fault, the SCADA SYSTEM automatically transmits
warning or status (fault) messages to the ENERCON Service Center. Here these are
automatically assigned to service teams and saved.
Wind farm
FAULT
Externals
?!?
ENERCON
SERVICE CENTER
SCADA PC
Fax
Telecommunications network
Figure 3
ENERCON SERVICE
@
SMS
How the SCADA SYSTEM communicates with ENERCON Service
If requested, the customer can be informed of any fault messages by the ENERCON Service
Center. Generally, this information can be provided via text message (SMS), fax or e-mail.
ENERCON recommends text messages as the best method of forwarding the information to the
customer, as it is a faster and more reliable means of communication than fax or e-mail.
Fault messages are automatically generated and immediately sent to customers without
involving ENERCON Service personnel. The time between receipt of the message by the
Service Center and transmission to the customer depends on the total number of incoming
messages being processed by the Service Center. This could take a maximum of 15 minutes in
a worst case scenario, but in practice it is usually considerably less than this.
ENERCON Service must be provided with the names and contact details of the designated
message recipients.
At night, ENERCON transfers data from all of its wind turbines around the world to the Control
Center, where it is saved (telephone access required). A status message update for the past 24
hours is requested along with the operating data for the past day and month. If more than 24
hours lie between the last successful communications, the length of the periods scanned are
adapted accordingly.
At any rate, if 24 hours have passed since the last communication with the ENERCON Service
Center, a test message is sent out by the SCADA SYSTEM. This ensures that a protracted
communication fault with the externals does not go unnoticed.
5
See telephone connection specification in the SCADA PC documentation
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3.2.6. SCADA SYSTEM response in the event of communication breakdowns
The wind turbine itself functions is not dependent on the SCADA SYSTEM. It can therefore
continue to provide energy even in the event of a faulty data link.
A distinction must be made between
a) Communication errors within the wind farm itself:
Each wind turbine can store up to 10 status messages. The messages are
subsequently retrieved by the SCADA PC when communication is restored. Oneminute values pertaining to operating data are not stored.
During the communication fault, the status message for the wind turbine concerned is
generated by the SCADA SYSTEM.
b)
Communication faults between the wind farm and ENERCON Service:
On the SCADA PC, all the operating data and SCADA SYSTEM messages are stored
on the PC’s hard drive. In general, this drive has sufficient capacity to store all the data
accumulated over the wind turbine’s 20-year service life. If data acquisition by the
SCADA SYSTEM also includes transmission substations, weather masts (or other), the
amount of data may increase considerably, meaning that the capacity limit will be
reached sooner.
Once 90% of the hard drive capacity is reached, the SCADA SYSTEM will issue a
warning message.
With a closed-loop control based on a setpoint for the point of common coupling, the wind
turbines' response in the event of a communication fault must be defined beforehand on a
project-by-project basis. While communication is down the solution could be:
the last “current” setpoint can be used as the default value or
a fixed value can be used as the default value.
These details should be agreed by the grid operator, the customer and ENERCON as early as
possible. It is mandatory that ENERCON Service be informed of the parameters.
3.2.7. SCADA REMOTE
ENERCON SCADA REMOTE is a software used for online monitoring, evaluation, and saving
turbine and operating data from a location outside the wind farm. The aforementioned operating
data and status messages are displayed to the customer.
Online data
The customer has the possibility of observing existing installations “online”. For this purpose, an
online connection must be established between the customer’s remote PC and the SCADA PC
(as in Figure 3)6. The display on the remote PC is updated at the same speed as the transfer
rate between the SCADA SYSTEM and the remote PC.
6
For the technical specifications (analogue, GSM modem, TCP/IP, etc.) see SCADA PC documentation
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Data analysis
SCADA REMOTE and the integrated SCADA DATABASE software package can also be used to
transmit the data accumulated on the SCADA PC for selected periods to the (e.g. customer’s)
remote PC. As a result, an exact copy of the operating data is reproduced on the remote PC,
enabling evaluation to be performed irrespective of a further online connection.
The prompted data is then stored on the Remote PC in dBASE IV format. These are then
available for any type of evaluation in e.g. dBASE, calculation table programs or other software
applications.
With the appropriate additional software ENERCON SCADA Automatic Data Request 7, data
prompts from the wind farm can be automated. Time and amount of the automatic data prompts
can be user-defined.
Effect on wind farm
If respective access permission has been granted, SCADA REMOTE can be used to take
appropriate action on operation controls, as well as to modify operating parameters. This may be
as simple as starting or stopping the wind turbine or be as complex as modifying each individual
parameter for turbine control and switching operations in the transmission substation. To ensure
that wind turbine operation remains secure, customers have only very limited access.
7
See Documentation ENERCON SCADA REMOTE
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Open-loop and closed-loop control with SCADA
The SCADA SYSTEM is a complex tool for implementing various open-loop or closed-loop
control functions of the wind farm. Generally, control of electrical parameters is related to the
point of common coupling. However, it may also just be a simple time dependent electrical
setpoint or even manual settings.
Wind
Setpoints
Figure 4
SCADA
Wind turbine
Actual values
(e.g. active power,
power factor...)
Structure of electrical values open-loop control with SCADA Open-loop control does not
have a feedback loop for actual values.
ENERCON's PDI can, for example, be used as an interface to SCADA to transmit
external setpoints
With the ENERCON's GDA system, the SCADA SYSTEM and the wind turbines a closed-loop
control can be established. Closed-loop control is performed in relation to the measurement
point which is usually the point of common coupling.
Wind
Setpoints
+
SCADA
Wind turbine
Actual values
(e.g. active power,
power factor...)
GDA
Figure 5
Structure of closed-loop control with typical output signal feedback. Should closed-loop
control be desired, it is always necessary to use ENERCON Grid Data Acquisition.
Again, ENERCON's PDI can, for example, be used as an interface to SCADA to transmit
external setpoints.
The control variable can, in principle, be active power (P), power factor (cosφ) or voltage (U).
Under certain conditions, combinations of the control variables are also possible. This is agreed
according to project specifics between the customer, ENERCON and the grid operator. The
accuracy and dynamics of closed-loop control will depend on the configuration of the farm, the
number of wind turbines connected, the class of instrument transformer and other factors.
Closed-loop control and its parameters are designed and set by ENERCON according to project
specifics. To ensure stable closed-loop control at the point of common coupling, close
collaboration between the customer, ENERCON and the grid operator is essential.
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It is the project developer's responsibility to check the requirements at the point of common
coupling with the grid operator in due time so that the appropriate time and costs can be taken
into consideration. Due to extensive experience with thousands of projects worldwide,
ENERCON can provide expert advice concerning this process.
3.3.1. Open-loop control systems:
3.3.1.1.
Setpoint open-loop control
The simplest way to influence a wind farm's operation is by open-loop control of the operating
parameters. “Open-loop control” (in contrast to “closed-loop control”) means that there is no
feedback of the setpoints effect. In other words, the actual value attained is not monitored and
cannot be automatically taken into account for the following control operation.
Setpoints for the maximum active power (as a percentage of rated power) and the phase angle
can be set as control parameters via the SCADA PC or SCADA REMOTE. These values apply
until new setpoints are specified.
3.3.1.2.
Table-based control
Table-based control can be used to set the maximum power of the farm and the phase angle for
anywhere up to 40 periods per week. The wind farm’s (open or closed-loop) control system
refers to these time-related setpoints.
The table values are only entered once via SCADA REMOTE or directly onto the SCADA PC.
Parameter modification is password-protected.
3.3.1.3.
Control values via interfaces
ENERCON provides interfaces which can also be used to transmit just straight control signals
e.g. from the grid operator to the wind farm's SCADA System. ENERCON’s PDI 8 is the most
commonly used interface option for ENERCON SCADA. Other interfaces are available on
request. In the following, all interface options will be referred to as ENERCON PDI.
PDI is used to allow quick and easy setpoint changes to be carried out. “Online" setpoint settings
are transmitted via ENERCON’s PDI to the wind farm. In order to do so, a permanent data link
must be available (e.g. grid operator control and communication system or similar). In contrast,
setpoint settings using fixed parameter settings in SCADA as described above, and table-based
control do not provide short-term flexibility. Furthermore, compared to ENERCON SCADA
REMOTE, data exchange via PDI in particular offers the possibility to specify new setpoints
without time delays. New setpoints can be specified not more than every 5 seconds via the PDI,
however in practice these intervals are usually longer (15 minutes, hours or longer)9.
Depending on the type of PDI, “online” signals concerning the wind farm’s operating status are
also available. This can be used for electrical grid operation purposes as well as for other
possible external data processing systems. Further on, this time-flexible transfer of setpoint and
actual value data with PDI will be referred to as “dynamic” data transfer.
The functions and types of PDI, as well as the related technical interfaces and signals available
are described in the ENERCON PDI document.
8
See separate document concerning ENERCON Process Data Interface
Setpoint updates cannot be carried out too frequently via PDI. Solely with the PDI a closed-loop control can not be established.
Closed-loop control always needs to be concerted with ENERCON according to project specifics.
9
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The appropriate setpoint setting is chosen according to project specifics.
3.3.2. Closed-loop control systems:
If actual values are available through the ENERCON GDA10, a closed-loop control of electrical
parameters can be established in relation to the measurement point. Generally, this is the point
of common coupling.
Depending on project-specific requirements, the setpoint can be either a parameterised constant
in SCADA, based on a weekly table or dynamic commands to the SCADA SYSTEM e.g. via
ENERCON PDI.
If no setpoints and/or actual values are available to the SCADA SYSTEM due to e.g. a
communication fault, the SCADA SYSTEM sends out an error code and the control variable
(active power, power factor, etc.) is limited to the default values. For this case, the default values
must be agreed previously with the grid operator.
Although actual value acquisition and setpoint interface require an additional investment, they
present the following advantages:
Closed-loop control flexibility through dynamic setpoint setting according to the specific grid
situation
Highly accurate actual values via ENERCON Grid Data Acquisition
Power factor displacement within the farm (by transformers and cables to the point of
common coupling) can be partly compensated for.
Communication faults involving individual turbines do not result in yield loss, because closedloop control is performed in relation to the measured power output.
Measured values can be recorded and evaluated at the point of common coupling.
When ample wind is available and the installed rated power is greater than the maximum
power feed limit, the power feed capacity can be used to the fullest. This increases the wind
farm’s overall yield compared to operation without actual value acquisition.
Time response of closed-loop controls using SCADA
For the purpose of closed-loop control, the actual values of the ENERCON GDA are used, built
over a period of approx. 1.5 seconds. Once the setpoints have been changed (externally via
PDI, for example), the SCADA SYSTEM generally transmits the new setpoints to the turbines
after a cycle has elapsed. This cycle time depends on the number of turbines integrated into the
SCADA SYSTEM and the nature of the farm configuration. It lies between 1 and 5 seconds.
Consequently, the time constant of closed-loop controls using the SCADA SYSTEM lies within
the range of several seconds. To ensure the rapid wind farm transmission rates, optical fibre
cables should be used for the ENERCON data bus (see 3.2.3). This response time is usually
suitable for active power or power factor closed-loop controls.
If in particular a voltage control is required at the point of common coupling, this usually requires
quicker actual value acquisition. In this case, a special version of the ENERCON GDA - the
10
See document concerning ENERCON Grid Data Acquisition
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ENERCON medium voltage acquisition - is used, which provides only voltage values, but with a
rate of approximately every 400 ms. The time constant of such SCADA-based voltage control
ranges from just under one second up to several seconds, depending on the configuration of the
wind farm. (See 3.3.4.2)
To ensure that the voltage-reactive power controls described here have the desired effect at the
point of common coupling, they are deliberately implemented within the SCADA SYSTEM as a
relatively slow type of control. This prevents the regulator on a tap-changing transformer and the
wind farm’s closed-loop control from working against each other or at excessive rates.
In exceptional cases, when this SCADA voltage control time constant is still too high and faster
control dynamics are required, ENERCON VCS 11 has to be used.
Closed-loop control accuracy using SCADA
Control accuracy depends essentially on the class of instrument transformer used together with
ENERCON GDA, as well as the project-specific maximum regulator speed limit.
11
See documentation relating to the ENERCON VCS - Voltage Control System
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3.3.3. Active power management
3.3.3.1.
Active power control
ENERCON wind turbines are designed to gain the highest possible output from the wind and to
feed it into the grid. However for grid operation reasons, wind turbines or wind farms may have
to limit their (active) power output for a certain period of time. Although this type of operation
reduces yield, affecting the project’s economics, in some cases it actually allows wind farms to
be connected to the grid at all.
Every ENERCON wind turbine can limit its power output to any percentage value ranging from
zero to rated power. Initially, this operating mode is not time-limited. Coordination between pitch
control, generator and converters ensure that the maximum required power output is not
exceeded.
Power
Prated
Time
Figure 6
The wind farm's maximum power output can, for example, be limited when the grid
operator specifies a percentage value of the rated power.
Within the wind farm all cables and transformers between each wind turbine’s terminal and the
point of common coupling are, amongst other things, active power consumers. Losses from
these elements are not constant, but depend on power transmission, temperature and other
factors.
In order to make the best use of the maximum power infeed permitted at the point of common
coupling, actual active power feed is measured by the ENERCON GDA and transmitted to
SCADA: thus regulated.
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3.3.3.2.
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Power gradient regulation
In order to ensure a stable system operation it may be necessary, that a wind farm does not
increase its active power output directly as wind speed is increasing, but rather that the increase
in active power output is subject to a limitation.
The parameters for this type of limitation can be set at the terminals of each individual turbine12.
For grid operator requirements generally only the overall wind farm power gradient at the point of
common coupling is important.
If the grid operator’s limit value is to be met only by setting power gradients at the WEC
terminals, one must always assume a “worst case" scenario, i.e. each turbine is assigned a low
max. power gradient. Since the turbines are spaced out on the farm, gusts, for example, do not
occur everywhere at the same time which means that a narrow maximum gradient setting for the
turbine would impair best use of the wind conditions.
A wind farm power gradient control for the point of common coupling is available on request.
ENERCON GDA is then installed at the point of common coupling to collect actual values.
Depending on specific project requirements ENERCON installs further hard- and software.
As for all closed-loop controls, the parameters must be agreed in close collaboration between
the customer, grid operator and ENERCON according to project specifics. It would be advisable,
for instance, to limit the 1- or 10-minute mean value of the positive active power gradient at the
point of common coupling.
The setpoint (active power gradient at the point of common coupling) can be set dynamically via
e.g. ENERCON PDI.
At any rate, with a limited power gradient the wind farm does not make the best use of the wind
conditions, as opposed to operation without any power gradient limitation or control.
12
See data sheet Grid Performance” for Power-Ramps
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3.3.4. Voltage-reactive power management
Supplying reactive power to or consuming reactive power from the grid can increase or reduce
the voltage at the point of common coupling. The amount of effect the reactive power supplied
(or consumed) by the wind farm has, depends on how "strong" the grid is. If ENERCON is
provided with grid data, this can be accurately calculated beforehand.
In addition to changes to reactive power supply, the grid voltage can also be influenced by
reducing active power feed or a combination of both. This is particularly valid in the case of weak
grids or at least for grids that are relatively "weak" at the point of common coupling. Reducing
active power feed means output reduction and would only be the second best solution (See
3.3.4.3).
The issue of whether voltage-reactive power management (power factor regulation, medium
voltage regulation etc.) is necessary at all, depends on the local grid and must be cleared with
the grid operator. The grid operator should also provide the normal actual operating voltage
value at the planned point of common coupling which lies within the tolerance range.
Generally speaking actual value acquisition is a measurement taken on the medium voltage
side. If the wind farm is connected to the grid via its own transmission substation, measurements
can also be taken on the high-voltage side. References to “medium voltage” below may
therefore be read as “high voltage”, where applicable. The costs and advantages associated
with such a high voltage measurement must be evaluated in relation to the specific project.
Setpoint settings in the SCADA SYSTEM can be carried out as follows:
• A one-time fixed value parameter setting in SCADA or
• be subject to a weekly table or
• dynamically set via e.g. ENERCON PDI
Closed-loop control for voltage-reactive power management and its parameters are designed
and set by ENERCON according to project specifics. To ensure stable closed-loop control at the
point of common coupling, close collaboration between the customer, ENERCON and the grid
operator is required.
For the response time of a voltage control please see chapter 3.3.2.
3.3.4.1.
Power factor control
Generally, grid operators define the phase angle at the point of common coupling to comply with.
ENERCON GDA is used to collect an accurate actual phase angle at this point. The setpoint is
transmitted to SCADA, which in turn sends signals to each wind turbine on the farm so that the
actual value at the point of delivery matches the setpoint as closely as possible. This allows ideal
compensation for unavoidable phase angle displacement by active and reactive power
consumption between the wind turbines' terminals and the point of common coupling.
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3.3.4.2.
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SCADA Voltage Control System (VCS)
With SCADA VCS the phase angle of all the wind turbines is controlled according to a fixed
characteristic dependent on actual voltage at the point of common coupling and adapted to the
specific grid requirements. Depending on the characteristic, the voltage at the point of delivery is
thus increased or reduced.
cos(ϕ)
cos(ϕ) = f(U)
Reactive
power import
from the grid
cos(ϕ) = constant
1,0
U<Urated
Reactive
power export
to grid
Figure 7
1,0
U>Urated
U/Urated
Vertex can be set in
SCADA SYSTEM
Example of a constant power factor (blue) compared with SCADA Voltage Control (red).
Concerning the latter, reactive power affecting voltage is neither delivered nor consumed
within a certain deadband (cosφ=1). Beyond this deadband the phase angle follows a predefined path depending on the grid voltage.
Actual voltage acquisition is carried out as described above with ENERCON’s GDA special
version: the ENERCON medium voltage acquisition. The measured voltage values are
transmitted to the SCADA SYSTEM as control feedback.
The setpoints can be set in the SCADA SYSTEM using the abovementioned fixed values or
parameterized. The characteristic must be carefully planned for each individual connection point.
For the response time of a voltage control please see chapter 3.3.2.
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
Product description
with activated
control
Page
21 of 25
with activated
control
with
deactivated
control
Figure 8
Example of a wind farm with 6 MW rated power. Indicated are: medium voltage at the
point of common coupling, active power and reactive power with activated and
deactivated SCADA Voltage Control System. One can clearly see voltage and active
power dependent reactive power supply.
with activated control
with deactivated control
desired
voltage range
Figure 9
Example of a wind farm with 6 MW rated power. Indicated are: medium voltage at the
point of common coupling, active power and reactive power with activated and
deactivated SCADA Voltage Control System. This extract from Figure 8 illustrates the
SCADA controls efficiency in the range of seconds.
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
Product description
3.3.4.3.
Page
22 of 25
Apparent power regulation (optimizing active power)
Apparent power regulation is a combination of power factor regulation and a reduction of active
power infeed. The exact determination of apparent power regulation and its parameter settings
depends on project specifics and must be agreed with ENERCON.
Example: According to agreements met with the grid operator, the wind farm is normally run at a
certain phase angle φsetpoint> 0. At the same time, the apparent power at the point of common
coupling is limited to Smax. The phase angle may be reduced to φ=0, if the maximum apparent
power limitation Smax is reached and an increase in active power is possible due to good wind
conditions.
Realisation with apparent power regulation:
In the partial load range, the wind farm runs at the φsetpoint phase angle. As the wind speed
increases so does the apparent power output Sactual. As the actual apparent power Sactual
approaches the maximum apparent power limit Smax, the controls reduce the phase angle φsetpoint
so that the apparent power does not exceed the limit Smax during further active power increase.
Actual value acquisition is carried out via ENERCON Grid Data Acquisition. Setpoint settings
(apparent power at the point of common coupling) in the SCADA SYSTEM can be carried out as
follows:
• A one-time fixed value parameter setting in SCADA or
• be subject to a weekly table
A wind farm with apparent power regulation, does not make the best use of the wind conditions,
when compared to operation without any apparent power regulation (less yield).
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
Product description
Page
23 of 25
4. Requirements
The SCADA SYSTEM is based in its main functions on the program ENERCON SCADA,
running on the SCADA PC13. This SCADA PC and the software are prerequisites for SCADA
SYSTEM operation on the wind farm.
A permanent connection between the SCADA SYSTEM and the outside world is desirable, but is
not a requirement for secure operation. All the wind turbines continue to operate, even if there is
a breakdown in communication within the wind farm itself or with external points of
communication.
When it comes to the desired performance of the wind farm’s open-loop/closed-loop control
system in case of faults in the communication, the individual closed-loop (or open-loop) control
default values must be considered separately (see also 3.2.6).
5. Maintenance requirements
Maintenance measures required for the various hardware and software components of the
SCADA SYSTEM are stipulated in the respective components’ documentation.
6. ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM in the ENERCON PARTNER KONZEPT (EPK)
Whether and how the ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM is covered by the ENERCON PARTNER
KONZEPT is agreed on a project-by-project basis.
7. Standard scope of supply
ENERCON SCADA (Software on SCADA PC in wind farm) and ENERCON SCADA Remote on
a suitable customer PC, as well as a licence for both programs and hardware protection (dongle)
are all included in the standard scope of supply for a wind farm project with ENERCON wind
turbines.
8. Miscellaneous
Shutdown or curtailed operation of individual wind turbines, e.g. due to project-specific
stipulations regarding noise emissions or shadow casting, are not executed via the SCADA
SYSTEM, but are directly programmed in the turbine’s control system. The advantage of this is
compliance with emission limits even in the event of communication faults within the SCADA
SYSTEM.
13
See separate SCADA PC documentation
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
Product description
Page
24 of 25
9. Technical specifications
9.1.
Functional specifications
See the following page for a list of ENERCON primary status messages.
9.2.
Hardware specifications
No hardware information is provided here in connection with the SCADA SYSTEM. Please
see the documentation relating to individual components, as listed in chapter 2.2.
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
Product description
Page
25 of 25
List of ENERCON main status messages
Example of main status messages for the E-70/E4 and E-82 wind turbines
(EPROM identification I/O Control Cabinet Version 1.45)
The status messages listed are structured as "main status : additional status"
Additional status messages are not listed due to the volume of information:
A complete status list can be obtained through ENERCON Service Center on request.
0
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
20
21
22
25
29
30
31
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
55
60
Turbine in operation
Turbine stopped
Lack of wind
Storm
Shadow shutdown
Blade defroster
Unauthorized access
Maintenance
Generator heating
EMERGENCY STOP actuated
Rotor brake activated manual
Rotor lock
Formation of ice
Turbine moist
Overspeed switch test
Test safety system
Wind measurement fault
Cable twisted
Yaw control fault
Faulty yaw inverter
Anemometer interface
Vibration sensor
Tower oscillation
Rotor overspeed
Rotor overspeed switch
Pitch control error
Main security circuit fault
Fault emergency stop capacitor
Capacitor charging error
Fault capacitor test
Fault security system
Speed sensor error
Fault blade load control
Blade heating faulty
Mains failure
Example
61
62
64
65
66
67
69
70
72
73
76
80
90
91
95
96
112
122
150
152
153
155
158
202
204
206
207
220
221
222
223
228
229
240
300
Mains breakdown
Feeding fault
Overcurrent inverter
Overcurrent inverter
Fault rectifier
Overtemperature
Acoustic sensor
Generator overtemperature
Air gap monitoring
Torque monitoring
Bearing temperature
Excitation error
Protective circuit breaker tripped
Semiconductor fuse blown
Error temperature measurement
Error temperature measurement inverter
Smoke detector
Fault transformer
Initialize EEPROM!!
Program incompatible!!
No turbine ID
Wrong bootblock address
Serial number
Inverter bus error
Inverter bus error all inverters
No data from power control
Fault inverter control
Processor reset
Watchdog reset
Turbine reset
Software Update
Time out warn message
Too many warnings
Remote control PC
Turbine control bus error (Bus-Off)
302
303
304
305
306
307
310
315
318
319
320
402
403
404
405
411
412
413
414
415
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
432
433
434
435
438
441
Data bus error blade
Data bus error blade control (CAN3)
Data bus error (Timeout)
No data from I/O-Board control cabinet
No data from
Timeout angle encoder
Unknown node-ID
Invalid Index
Error CAN1-Interrupt
Error CAN2-Interrupt
Malfunction IIC-bus
Error +12V processor
Error -12V processor
Error +15V processor
Error -15V processor
Error +4V ref. processor
Error -5V ref. processor
Error -10V ref. processor
Error +5V sensoric
Error +12V sensoric
Error -12V sensoric
Error +15V sensoric
Error -15V sensoric
Error +20V sensoric
Error -20V sensoric
Error +12V relay
Error supply hardware
Error +5V sensoric
Error -5V sensoric
Error +10V sensoric
Error -10V sensoric
Error supply IGBT-driver
Error pos. supply current measure
Status message 20:52 means
“Wind measurement fault : No signal from anemometer”
Some sub-states indicate the header "W". These are warning messages which do not
necessarily lead to turbine shutdown. Depending on the type of warning message this may
remain for a certain number of days. If Service does not intervene, the turbine would then shut
down.
The main status messages of other ENERCON wind turbines are similar to those described
above. However ENERCON wind turbines differ from each other for example by the number of
inverters used and thus by the number of main status messages as well.
Author/ date:
Department:
Approved / date:
Revision:
WB / 24-05-2006
2.0 Reference:
C.Carsted 19-6-2006
EQ 21-6-2006
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
DATA SHEET GRID PERFORMANCE
Page
1 of 24
ENERCON DATA SHEET
GRID PERFORMANCE
ENERCON E-82
Configuration: FT
(Configuration FT with Q+ -Option)
For explanations of the used terms and abbreviations please refer to chapter 13 Glossary.
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
ENERCON reserves the right for technical modifications.
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
WRD-E-04_DSGP_E-82_07-04-12-82-2082-FT-FTQ_7_8LS_rev2.73_eng-eng.doc
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
2 of 24
Content
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3
RATED DATA................................................................................................................. 3
REACTIVE POWER CAPABILITY.................................................................................. 3
POWER VOLTAGE DIAGRAM....................................................................................... 4
VOLTAGE PROTECTION .............................................................................................. 5
5.1
Over-voltage protection (for each phase) ............................................................... 5
5.2
Under-voltage protection........................................................................................ 7
6. POWER FREQUENCY DIAGRAM ................................................................................. 9
7. FREQUENCY PROTECTION........................................................................................10
7.1
Frequency protection for 50 Hz grid ......................................................................10
7.2
Frequency protection for 60 Hz grid ......................................................................11
8. FAULT RIDE THROUGH PERFORMANCE ..................................................................12
8.1
General Performance............................................................................................12
8.2
Zero Power Mode .................................................................................................14
9. POWER RAMPS ...........................................................................................................17
9.1
Active Power Ramp-up .........................................................................................17
9.2
Active Power Ramp-down.....................................................................................17
9.3
Reactive Power Ramp ..........................................................................................17
10. POWER-FREQUENCY CONTROL ...............................................................................18
10.1 “Static” Power-frequency control ...........................................................................19
10.2 “Dynamic” Power-frequency control ......................................................................20
11. Consumption of auxiliary supply ....................................................................................21
12. REFERENCE POINT ....................................................................................................22
13. Glossary ........................................................................................................................23
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
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Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
3 of 24
1. INTRODUCTION
All data refer to the reference point shown in chapter 11.
The performance is only possible with the control system CS 82 with FACTS power cabinets.
The WT can either be equipped with 7 power cabinets (configuration FT, indice FT), or 8 power
cabinets (indice FTQ). The standard configuration is equipped with 7 power cabinets (configuration
FT).
2. RATED DATA
Nominal Frequency:
fn =
50 / 60 Hz
Nominal Voltage:
Un =
400 V
Rated Apparent Power:
Sn =
2000 kVA
Rated Current at Pn:
In =
2887 A
Rated Active Power:
Pn =
2000 kW
Max. Permitted Apparent Power: SmaxFT =
2150 kVA
Max. Permanent Current:
ImaxFT =
3500 A
Max. Permitted Apparent Power: SmaxFTQ =
2200 kVA
Max. Permanent Current:
ImaxFTQ =
4000 A
Power Factor is adjustable:
Default value:
0 kVAr
Q=
3. REACTIVE POWER CAPABILITY
1.10
Additional reactive power with configuration FTQ
Active Power/ Rated Active Power [pu]
Additional reactive power with configuration FTQ
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
export of reactive
power
import of reactive
power
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Reactive Power / Rated Active Power [pu]
The given values are valid for the continuous voltage range (refer to next chapter).
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
4 of 24
4. POWER VOLTAGE DIAGRAM
Temporary Maximum Value:
Umax,temp =
120% = 480 V
Maximum Continuous Value:
Umax =
110% = 440 V
Nominal Value:
Un =
100% = 400 V
Minimum Continuous Value:
Umin =
90% = 360 V
Temporary Minimum Value
Umin,temp =
80% = 320 V
(not possible with configuration FT):
1.1
Apparent Power/ Maximum Apparent Power [pu]
1
Only possible with the configuration FTQ
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
Voltage/ Nominal Voltage [pu]
Temporary operation limits: In the hatched areas only a temporary operation is possible for
up to 60 seconds.
The green hatched area is not possible with the configuration FT. This area is only possible
with the configuration FTQ.
If the voltage is continuously underneath the minimum value or above the maximum value,
see also chapter 8.
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
5 of 24
5. VOLTAGE PROTECTION
Over-voltage condition at the reference point may lead to operation in Fault Ride Through
mode, as described in chapter 8.
5.1
Over-voltage protection (for each phase)
Over-voltage protection 1:
Uovp1 = 145% of Un/√3
(fix value)
Delay time for over-voltage detection 1:
Tdovp1 = 0.050 s
(fix value)
This protection leads to tripping of the WT. This is a protection of the WT.
Uovp2 = 124% of Un/√3
(fix value)
Tdovp2 = 1 s
(fix value)
This protection leads to tripping of the WT. This is a protection of the WT.
Uovp3 = 120% of Un/√3
(fix value)
Delay time for Fault Ride Through detection:
0.500 s ≤ tdFRT ≤ 5 s
(adjustable)
Step width:
0.010 s
Default value:
tdFRT = 5 s
This protection leads to tripping of the WT. This is a protection of the WT and for the grid.
Over-voltage protection setting data:
100% ≤ uovp4 ≤ 120% of Un/√3
Step width:
1V
Default value:
uovp4= 116% of Un/√3
Delay time for over-voltage detection:
0.050 s ≤ tdovp4 ≤ 60 s
Step width:
0.010 s
Default value:
tdovp4 = 0.050 s
(adjustable)
(adjustable)
This protection leads to tripping of the WT. This is a protection for the grid.
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
U/Un
Page
6 of 24
2.00
1.95
1.90
fixed protection
values
1.85
1.80
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.60
1.55
1.50
physical
voltage limit
of the WT
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.001
area for possible FRT/ZPM setting
tdFRT = 0.500…5 s
example for FRT settings
hatched area: max. range of setting
uovp4= 100 … 120% Un/√
√3
example for protection setting
tdovp4= 0.050…60 s
0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
time [s]
Shown is the delay time of the protection. The effective time for disconnection/tripping is
longer, due to the switch-off time for the power contactors.
Switch-off time for power contactors:
Tpc ≤ 0.040 s
Tripping time for over-voltage protection 1:
Tovp1 = Tdovp1 + Tpc
Tovp2 = Tdovp2 + Tpc
Tripping time for Fault Ride Through:
tFRT = tdFRT + Tpc
tovp4 = tdovp4 + Tpc
(fix value)
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
5.2
Page
7 of 24
Under-voltage protection
5.2.1
Under-voltage protection (for each phase) with the configuration FT
Under-voltage condition at the reference point may lead to operation in Fault Ride Through
Under-voltage protection setting data:
UuvpFT = 90% Un/√3
Delay time for Fault Ride Through detection: 0.500 s ≤ tdFRT ≤ 5 s
Step width:
0.010 s
Default value:
tdFRT = 5 s
(fix value)
(adjustable)
If under-voltage condition prevails longer than tdFRT under-voltage protection operates to trip
the wind turbine.
U/Un
1.10
1.1
hatched area: max. range of setting tdFRT
1.00
1.0
example for Fault Ride Through setting
0.90
0.9
0.8
0.80
fixed protection
values
0.7
0.70
0.60
0.6
0.50
0.5
t dFRT = 0.500 ...5 s
0.40
0.4
0.30
0.3
0.2
0.20
0.10
0.1
0.00
0.0
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
time [s]
Shown is the delay time of the protection. The effective time for tripping is longer, due to the
switch-off time for the power contactors.
Tpc ≤ 0.040 s
tFRT = tdFRT + Tpc
(fix value)
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
5.2.2
Page
8 of 24
Under-voltage protection (for each phase) with the configuration FTQ
Under-voltage condition at the reference point may lead to operation in Fault Ride Through
Under-voltage protection setting data:
UuvpFTQ = 80% Un/√3
Delay time for Fault Ride Through detection: 0.500 s ≤ tdFRT ≤ 5 s
Step width:
0.010 s
Default value:
tdFRT = 5 s
(fix value)
(adjustable)
If under-voltage condition prevails longer than tdFRT under-voltage protection operates to trip
the wind turbine.
U/Un
1.10
1.1
1.00
1.0
0.90
0.9
0.8
0.80
fixed protection
values
0.7
0.70
0.60
0.6
0.50
0.5
t dFRT = 0.500 ...5 s
0.40
0.4
0.30
0.3
0.2
0.20
0.10
0.1
0.00
0.0
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
time [s]
Tpc ≤ 0.040 s
tFRT = tdFRT + Tpc
(fix value)
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
6.
Page
9 of 24
POWER FREQUENCY DIAGRAM
Grid with 50 Hz
Grid with 60 Hz
Maximum Frequency:
fmax =
57 Hz
fmax =
67 Hz
Nominal Frequency:
fn =
50 Hz
fn =
60 Hz
Minimum Frequency:
fmin =
43 Hz
fmin =
53 Hz
S
Smax
fmin
fn
fmax
f [Hz]
Regarding frequency changes the ENERCON E-82 is designed for uninterrupted operation
for frequency gradients up to 4 Hz/s.
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
10 of 24
7. FREQUENCY PROTECTION
7.1
Frequency protection for 50 Hz grid
Over-frequency protection setting data:
Step width:
Default value:
50 Hz ≤ fof ≤ 57 Hz
Under-frequency protection setting data:
Step width:
Default value:
43 Hz ≤ fuf ≤ 50 Hz
Delay time for over-frequency detection:
Step width:
Default value:
0.070 s ≤ tdof ≤ 2 s
Delay time for under-frequency detection:
Step width:
Default value:
0.070 s ≤ tduf ≤ 2 s
(adjustable)
0.1 Hz
52 Hz
(adjustable)
0.1 Hz
47 Hz
(adjustable)
0.010 s
0.070 s
(adjustable)
0.010 s
0.070 s
65
fixed protection
values
tdof
60
frequency [Hz]
55
fof
50
fuf
45
tduf
40
35
0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
time [s]
For effective tripping time see end of chapter 7.2
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
7.2
Page
11 of 24
Frequency protection for 60 Hz grid
Over-frequency protection setting data:
Step width:
Default value:
60 Hz ≤ fof ≤ 67 Hz
Under-frequency protection setting data:
Step width:
Default value:
53 Hz ≤ fuf ≤ 60 Hz
Delay time for over-frequency detection:
Step width:
Default value:
0.110 s ≤ tdof ≤ 2.040 s
Delay time for under-frequency detection:
Step width:
Default value:
0.110 s ≤ tduf ≤ 2.040 s
(adjustable)
0.1 Hz
62 Hz
(adjustable)
0.1 Hz
57 Hz
(adjustable)
0.010 s
0.110 s
(adjustable)
0.010 s
0.110 s
75
fixed protection
values
tdof
70
frequency [Hz]
65
fof
60
fuf
55
tduf
50
45
0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
time [s]
Tripping time over-frequency protection:
Tripping time under-frequency protection:
Tpc ≤ 0.040 s
(fix value)
tofp = tdof + Tpc
tufp = tduf + Tpc
Document:
Author/date:
RSC / 12/04/2007
Department:
WRD / E
Approved/date:
MBA / 12/04/2007
Revision/date:
2.73 / 12/04/2007
Translator/date:
Revisor/date:
Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
12 of 24
8. FAULT RIDE THROUGH PERFORMANCE
8.1
General Performance
Under-voltage protection set point
with configuration FT:
UuvpFT = 90% Un/√3
Under-voltage protection set point
with configuration FTQ:
UuvpFTQ = Umin,temp = 80% Un/√3
Delay time for Fault Ride Through:
0.500 s ≤ tdFRT ≤ 5 s
Step width:
0.010 s
Default value:
tdFRT = 5 s
u
Umax,temp
Umax
Un
Umin
Umin,temp
Example:
uuzpm
0
0
Fault occurrance
tdFRT
tdFRT+ 60s
t
The WT stays connected, if the voltage at the WT terminals during and after the fault remains
within the continuous red lines.
Outside of the areas marked with red lines the WT is disconnected. The blue area is not
possible with the configuration FT. If grid studies show that the grid voltage at the PCC
recovers after a grid fault only above 80% Un, ENERCON recommends to equip the WT with
configuration FTQ to avoid WT tripping.
The limit tdFRT is an adjustable parameter with the setting range as given in chapter 5
VOLTAGE PROTECTION, where also detailed protection settings are given.
If the WT output power is less than 2.5% Pn the WT switches off.
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
13 of 24
The maximum number of grid events with ENERCON fault ride through is depending on the
temperature of the chopper resistor. The chopper resistor is temperature-controlled. The
rated energy to be dissipated by the chopper resistor is 20 MJ/h for the configuration FT and
22.5 MJ/h for the configuration FTQ.
In the hatched areas the WT feeds in no current (after 0.040 s for under-voltage, after
0.050 s for over-voltage), but stays in operation (“Zero Power Mode”, refer to chapter 8.2).
Short circuits in grids sensitive to stability can lead to stability loss. This may cause
ENERCON WTs to switch off. If the grid is sensitive to stability, ENERCON recommends
performing a stability analysis in the process of wind farm planning. The results of the
analysis may lead to other settings of the “Zero Power Mode”.
The characteristics of the voltage at the PCC especially during the fault might be very
different from those at the terminals of the individual WT. The voltage at the PCC has to be
monitored by a wind farm protection relay. However, the settings of the voltage protection of
the WT and the settings of the wind farm protection relay must be co-ordinated.
Maximum Short Circuit Current in all three phases for the configuration FT (even in
cases with unsymmetrical faults), not valid for the Zero Power Mode:
1. Ik“,maxFT :
2. IP maxFT :
3. Ib,maxFT :
4. Ik,maxFT :
3500 A
4950 A
3500 A
3500 A
(Maximum Initial Symmetrical Short Circuit Current)
(Maximum Peak Short Circuit Current: √2 * Ik“,max)
(Maximum Short Circuit Breaking Current)
(Maximum Steady State Short Circuit Current)
Maximum Short Circuit Current in all three phases for the configuration FTQ (even in
cases with unsymmetrical faults), not valid for the Zero Power Mode:
5. Ik“,maxFTQ :
6. IP maxFTQ :
7. Ib,maxFTQ :
8. Ik,maxFTQ :
4000 A
5657 A
4000 A
4000 A
(Maximum Initial Symmetrical Short Circuit Current)
(Maximum Peak Short Circuit Current: √2 * Ik“,max)
(Maximum Short Circuit Breaking Current)
(Maximum Steady State Short Circuit Current)
For further details and explanations concerning the short circuit currents please see the
document “Steady State Short Circuit Calculations” (available on request).
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:
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
8.2
Page
14 of 24
Zero Power Mode
In the Zero Power Mode (ZPM) the WT feeds in no current, but stays galvanic connected to
the grid. There is also a possibility to open the power contactors.
If the voltage returns within tdFRT between Umin,temp and Umax,temp the WT resynchronises and
ramps in maximum possible power within 1 s.
8.2.1 Over-voltage Zero Power Mode
If over-voltage conditions prevail longer than the chosen over-voltage protection and Fault
Ride Through settings (tdFRT) beneath the zero power mode limits the WT trips.
If the voltage rises above Uozpm1 or Uozpm2 but underneath over-voltage protection the WT
feeds in no current, but stays in operation (“Zero Power Mode”).
Over-voltage zero power mode limit 1:
Uozpm1 = 145% Un/√3
(fix value)
Tdozpm1 ≤ 0.005 s
(fix value)
Over-voltage zero power mode limit 2:
Uozpm2 = Umax, temp = 120% Un/√3
(fix value)
Tdozpm2 = 5 half periods
(fix value)
(50 Hz : 0.050 s)
(60 Hz : 0.042 s)
Delay time for end of Zero Power Mode:
0.500 s ≤ tdFRT ≤ 5 s
Step width:
0.010 s
Default value:
tdFRT = 5 s
U/Un
(adjustable)
2.00
1.95
1.90
1.85
fixed protection
values
1.80
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.60
1.55
1.50
1.45
physical
voltage limit
of the WT
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.001
grey area: fixed areas for ZPM
area for possible FRT/ZPM setting
example for FRT settings
0.010
t dFRT= 0.500…5 s
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
time [s]
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:
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
15 of 24
8.2.2 Under-voltage Zero Power Mode
If under-voltage conditions prevail longer than the chosen Fault Ride Through settings (tdFRT)
beneath the Zero Power Mode limits the WT trips.
If the voltage decreases under uuzpm at the reference point the WT detects this within 0.040 s
and feeds in no current, but stays in operation (“Zero Power Mode”).
Under-voltage Zero Power Mode limit
for configuration FT:
Step width:
0% Un/√3 ≤ uuzpmFT ≤ 90% Un/√3
Default value:
uuzpm = 15% Un/√3
Delay time for under-voltage detection:
Tduzpm = 0.040 s
(adjustable)
1V
(fix value)
Under-voltage Zero Power Mode diagram for the configuration FT
U/Un
1.1
hatched area: max. range of setting uuzpm
example for Zero Power Mode setting
1.0
0.9
0.8
fixed protection
values
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
t dFRT = 0.500 ...5 s
√3
u uzpm = 0 … 90 %Un/√
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
time [s]
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:
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
16 of 24
Under-voltage Zero Power Mode limit
for configuration FTQ:
0% Un/√3 ≤ uuzpmFTQ ≤ 80% Un/√3
Step width:
1V
Default value:
uuzpm = 15% Un/√3
Delay time for under-voltage detection:
Tduzpm = 0.040 s
Page
(adjustable)
(fix value)
Under-voltage Zero Power Mode diagram for the configuration FTQ
U/Un
1.1
hatched area: max. range of setting uuzpm
example for Zero Power Mode setting
1.0
0.9
0.8
fixed protection
values
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
t dFRT = 0.500 ...5 s
√3
u uzpm = 0 … 80 %Un/√
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
time [s]
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:
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
17 of 24
9. POWER RAMPS
9.1
Active Power Ramp-up
Normal start power gradient:
maximum value:
minimum value:
default setting value
dP/dt start,max =
dP/dt start,min =
dP/dt start =
Power gradient after loss of voltage:
dP/dt power, max =
maximum value:
dP/dt power, min =
minimum value:
dP/dt power =
Operating power gradient:
maximum value:
minimum value:
9.2
dP/dt oper,max =
dP/dt oper,min =
dP/dt oper =
kW/s
kW/s
kW/s
=
=
=
540
9
120
%/min
%/min
%/min
40
3
40
kW/s
kW/s
kW/s
=
=
=
120
9
120
%/min
%/min
%/min
400
5
120
kW/s
kW/s
kW/s
=
=
=
1200
15
360
%/min
%/min
%/min
Active Power Ramp-down
Intervention of grid operator:
9.3
180
3
40
The active power output may be limited via ENERCON
PDI1. After a WT has received the signal to reduce the
active power output the new value is reached within a
time not longer than 10 seconds.
Communication delay from ENERCON PDI via SCADA to
the WT is not included, and depends on the configuration
in the wind farm.
Reactive Power Ramp
Maximum phase angle gradient value during normal operation from maximum export to
maximum import/ maximum import to maximum export: T = 0.300 s
1
See ENERCON Process Data Interface documentation
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:
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
10.
Page
18 of 24
POWER-FREQUENCY CONTROL
In over-frequency grid situations the active power output can be reduced by using the
implemented power-down ramp. It can be chosen between a “static” or a “dynamic” reduction
of the active power due to over-frequency.
Moreover the ramping down can be related to the actual active power. This leads to an
immediate ramping down when the frequency limit is exceeded. Alternatively the ramping
down can be related to the rated active power, which may lead to a delayed ramping down,
in case the actual active power is below the rated active power.
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:
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
19 of 24
10.1 “Static” Power-frequency control
The active power is ramped down related to the current frequency. The frequency limit
values can be set within the range from 50.0 Hz ≤ f limit ≤ 55.0 Hz (or in 60 Hz systems from
60.0 Hz ≤ flimit ≤ 65.0 Hz).
Active Power
Pactual or
1.25
Pn
Example for Power-Frequency Setting
PRamp down 11
PRamp down0.752
0.5
PRamp down0.253
0
0
Setting
Pactual =
fn5
flimit2
15
10
flimit1
20
25
flimit3
frequency
Default
value
Description
Minimum
setting value
Maximum
setting value
-
-
-
-
50.5 Hz /
60.5 Hz
50.0 Hz /
60.0 Hz
54.8 Hz /
64.8 Hz (must
be 0.1 Hz lower
than flimit2)
50%
5%
100%
51.0 Hz /
61.0 Hz
50.1 Hz /
60.1 Hz
(must be 0.1 Hz
higher than flimit)
54.9 Hz /
64.9 Hz
(must be 0.1 Hz
lower than flimit3)
0%
95 %
(100 % - setting
ramp down 2)
Active power according to present
wind conditions and power curve
of WT
Pn =
Rated Active power of the WT
f limit =
Over-frequency limit for start of
ramp down
Pactual
Ramp down 2= Reduction of the active power
(in %) related to Pactual or Pn
between f limit and f limit2
f limit2 =
Over-frequency limit for second
value of ramp down
Ramp down 3= Reduction of the active power
(in %) related to Pactual or Pn
between f limit2 and f limit3
f limit3 =
5%
Over-frequency limit for third value
of ramp down
51.5 Hz /
61.5 Hz
50.2 Hz /
60.2 Hz
(must be 0.1 Hz
higher than flimit2)
55.0 Hz /
65.0 Hz
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:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
20 of 24
10.2 “Dynamic” Power-frequency control
The active power is ramped down over the time, once a frequency limit has been exceeded.
The frequency limit value can be set within the range from 50.0 Hz ≤ f limit ≤ 54.9 Hz (or in
60 Hz systems from 60.0 Hz ≤ f limit ≤ 64.9 Hz).
In case the frequency rises again above the frequency limit, the active power is ramped up
again, with the same gradient as previously ramped down (sufficient wind speed assumed)
Active Power
Pactual or
1.25
Pn
Dynamic Power
PRamp down 1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
0
Setting
Pactual =
10
flimit
5
Description
Default value
Active power according to
present wind conditions and
power curve of WT
Pactual
15
20
time/s
25
Minimum
setting value
Maximum
setting value
-
-
-
-
Pn =
Rated Active power of the
WT
f limit =
Over-frequency limit for
start of ramp down
50.5 Hz /
60.5 Hz
50.0 Hz /
60.0 Hz
54.9 Hz /
64.9 Hz
Ramp
down =
Reduction of the active
power
related to Pactual or Pn
5 %/s
5 %/s
25 %/s
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:
© ENERCON 2007
ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
21 of 24
11. CONSUMPTION OF AUXILIARY SUPPLY
Active Power:
Reactive Power:
P aux max 10 min = 10 kW
Q aux max 10 min = 3.5 kVAr
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:
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
22 of 24
12. REFERENCE POINT
location
wiring symbol
designation
synchronous generator
GS
nacelle
3
3
WT Configuration
excitation controller
rectifier
2
tower
tower cable
chopper 1-7/8
tower
basement
power cabinet 1-7/8
(consist of dc link,
inverter, output filter)
Project Configuration
3
3
o
fused loadbreak switch
or power circuit breaker
o
reference
point
reference point
inside or
outdoor at
tower
basement
transformer
3
disconnecting switch
o
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:
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Page
23 of 24
13. GLOSSARY
Export of reactive power
According to Standard IEC 60034-3, export of reactive power is like from an
overexcited synchronous machine
fn
Nominal grid frequency according to Standard IEC 61400-21, 7.1.1
Ik,max ; Ib,max ; Ik“,max ;
Imax ; IP max
See chapter 8
Import of reactive power
According to Standard IEC 60034-3, import of reactive power is like from an
underexcited synchronous machine
Maximum Apparent
Power (Smax)
Maximum Apparent Power of the WT:
PCC
Point of Common Coupling:
Apparent power related to the maximum active and reactive power (compare
reactive power capabilities).
According to Standard IEC 61400-21, 3.10 this is: Point of a power supply
network, electrically nearest to a particular load, at which other loads are, or
may be, connected.
Rated Active Power
(Pn)
Rated Active Power output of the WT:
Rated Apparent Power
(Sn)
Rated Apparent Power of the WT:
According to IEC 61400-21, 3.14 this is: Maximum continuous electric output
power which a turbine is designed to achieve under normal operating
conditions.
According to IEC 61400-21 this is: Apparent power from the wind turbine
while operating at rated power and nominal voltage and frequency
2
2
(Sr=√(Pn +Qn )). Annotation ENERCON: In this data sheet Sn is related to
reactive power of 0.
Rated current
(In)
Rated current of the WT:
SG
Synchronous generator
Switch-off time
The switch-off time is the time the power contactor needs to open or close the
contact.
Temporary operation
The operation at over- or under-voltage situations may cause high stress for
the inverters. Due to internal WT protection of the devices the operation at
over- or under-voltage condition is time limited.
Tripping
When the WT trips the WT opens the power contactors and the WT doesn’t
stay in operation. The infeed of the current is zero.
According to Standard IEC 61400-21, 3.13 this is: Maximum continuous
electric output current which a wind turbine is designed to achieve under
normal operating conditions. Annotation ENERCON: The current at rated
active power and rated voltage at the terminals of the WT.
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:
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ENERCON
E-82
Configuration:
FT/FTQ
Available as of
01/07/07
Umax Umax,temp Umin
Umin,temp Un
See chapter 5
Umax,temp Umin,temp
Temporary maximum voltage of the WT.
Page
24 of 24
A temporary operation is possible for up to 60 seconds. If the voltage is
continuously above the maximum value, see also chapter 8.
tdFRT tdovp4 Tdovp1 Tdovp2 tFRT See chapter 5
Tovp1 Tovp2 tovp4 Tpc Uovp1
Uovp2 Uovp3 Uovp4 UuvpT
WT
Wind Turbine:
According to IEC 61400-21, 3.21 this is: A system which converts kinetic wind
energy into electric energy.
WT terminals
Wind Turbine terminals:
According to IEC 61400-21, 3.22 this is: A point being a part of the WT and
identified by the WT supplier at which the WT may be connected to the power
system. Annotation ENERCON: This point is related to the reference
point on the low voltage side, see chapter 9.
Zero Power Mode
(ZPM)
In the Zero Power Mode the WT blocks the IGBTs, but stays in operation.
Current infeed to the grid is then zero. If the voltage returns within tdFRT
between Umin,temp and Umax,temp the WT resynchronises and ramps in
maximum possible power within 1 s.
Document:
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Reference
:
© ENERCON 2007
SUBSANACIÓN P.E. EL ROMERAL III
PLAN EÓLICO
P.E. El Romeral III
TABLA DE CODIFICACIÓN DE AEROGENERADORES
IDENTIFICACIÓN
AEROGENERADOR
COORDENADAS UTM
MODELO
Nº
FILA
X
Y
Z
1
1
454.528,4686
3.075.896,5949
26
2
1
454.694,2049
3.075.775,2770
25
3
1
454.872,1435
3.075.658,4106
20
4
1
455.050,2424
3.075.540,4103
15
Enercon
E82/2MW
Enercon
E82/2MW
Enercon
E82/2MW
Enercon
E82/2MW
POTENCIA
DIRECCIÓN
ALTURA
NOMINAL
VIENTO
BUJE
(KW)
DOMINANTE
(m)
2
2
2
2
NE-ENE
(65º)
NE-ENE
(65º)
NE-ENE
(65º)
NE-ENE
(65º)
98
98
98
98
PLAN EÓLICO
P.E. El Romeral III
1. Datos de la red eléctrica de distribución o transporte en la zona del parque eólico, con
indicación del posible punto de conexión a la red.
Se propone como conexión del parque eólico la Línea de Alta Tensión de 66 kV, que une la SE
Barranco de Tirajana con la SE Matorral, y, en concreto la subestación SE Barranco de
Tirajana por ser ésta la más cercana al P.E. El Romeral III, a una distancia aproximada de
2.4km.
La conexión podrá realizarse, en el caso que se cumpla con la normativa sobre capacidad
portante de la red, en cualquiera de los apoyos existentes en el parque. En caso contrario,
deberá consensuarse con la empresa de transporte y con la Administración el mejor punto de
conexión, en la subestación transformadora más próxima.
PLAN EÓLICO
P.E. El Romeral III
PLAN EÓLICO
P.E. El Romeral III
ANEXO d.2 (enmienda)
1. Descripción de los sistemas de gestión telemática.
El Parque Eólico El Romeral III contempla la instalación del sistema de gestión telemática
suministrado por el proveedor de los aerogeneradores Enercon, ENERCON SCADA SYSTEM
en la configuración para red de transmisión que implementa las herramientas ampliadas para
integración del parque en la red eléctrica y su telemando con capacidad de regulación de
tensión y potencia reactiva. Las especificaciones técnicas del sistema se adjuntan en
documento separado.
El sistema integrará además las siguientes opciones disponibles en el fabricante:
PDI – Soporte para intercambio de datos con otros sistemas telemáticos y asignación de
consignas por parte operadores externos (red eléctrica, propiedad, etc).
GDA – Soporte para control de parámetros de operación del parque mediante bucle cerrado
y regulación PID.
SCU – Soporte para integrar la monitorización de los parámetros de subestación (punto
frontera de conexión a la red).
VCS – Soporte para la regulación de la tensión en el punto de conexión mediante utilización
del capacidad de regulación de la potencia reactiva de los aerogeneradores.
METEO – Integración en SCADA de la monitorización de la torre meteorológica del parque.
Estas funciones permiten mejorar la integración del parque eólico en la red eléctrica, dotándolo
de las herramientas necesarias para regulación de los parámetros de red en el punto de
conexión, incluyendo voltaje y potencia generada.
PLAN EÓLICO
P.E. El Romeral III
El sistema se configurará de tal modo que integre la gestión de los siguientes elementos:
- aerogeneradores (4 x E82/2MW)
- torre meteorológica del parque.
- subestación eléctrica
La conexión de los diferentes elementos se realizará mediante tendido de fibra óptica. Se prevé
la instalación de la función OPC en el sistema de gestión telemática para intercambio de datos
y comandos con otros sistemas de gestión telemática (red eléctrica, otros parques).
Torre
Meteorológica
Subestación
Servidor
SCADA
Terminal
remoto
PLAN EÓLICO
2
P.E. El Romeral III