Development of Kalyan

Transcription

Development of
Kalyan Dombivli
Solar City
Final Master Plan
Supported by
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Government of India, New Delhi
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AC:
BEE:
BIPV:
BMS:
BOOT:
BOT:
CAGR:
CDM:
CDP:
CERC:
CFA:
CFL:
CHP:
CNG:
CO2:
CPWD:
CSP:
DG Sets:
DISCOM:
DSM:
DTS:
ECBC:
eCO2:
EE:
ESCo:
FITM:
FTL:
GDP:
GHG:
GLS:
GRIHA:
HH:
HPSV:
Hrs/day:
HVAC:
Hz:
ICLEI SA:
Air-conditioner
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Building Integrated Photovoltaics
Building Management System
Build, Operate, Own and Transfer
Build, Operate and Transfer
Compound Annual Growth Rate
Clean Development Mechanism
City Development Plan
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
Central Financial Assistance
Compact Fluorescent Light
Combined Heat and Power
Compressed Natural Gas
Carbon Dioxide
Central Public Works Department
Concentrating Solar Power
Diesel Generator Sets
Distribution Company
Demand Side Management
Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System
Energy Conservation Building Code
Equivalent Carbon Dioxide
Energy Efficiency
Energy Service Company
Feed in Tariff Mechanism
Fluorescent Tube Light
Gross Domestic Product
Green House Gases
Global Light Source
Green Building Integrated Habitat Assessment
House Hold
High Pressure Sodium Vapour
Hours per Day
Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning
Hertz
International Council for Local Environmental
Initiatives – South Asia
IEA:
International Energy Agency
IEO:
International Energy Outlook
IREDA: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency
ISES:
International Solar Energy Society
JnNURM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
KDMC: Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
Kg:
Kilogram
kHz:
Kilo Hertz
kL:
kilo litre
kL:
Kilo Litre
kT/yr:
Kilo Tonnes per Year
kW:
kilo Watt
kWe:
kWh:
kWp:
L:
LED:
LEED:
LPD:
LPG:
m/s:
M:
MNES:
Kilo Watt Equivalent
kilo watt-hour
Kilo Watt Peak
Litre
Light Emitting Diode
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Litres per day
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Metres per Second
Metre
Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (now
the MNRE)
MNRE: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
MSEDCL: Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company
MSW:
Municipal Solid Waste
MT:
Metric Tonnes
MU:
million units
MW:
Mega Watt
MWe: Mega Watt Equivalent
MWh: Mega Watt-hour
MWp: Mega Watt Peak
NGO:
Non-governmental Organization
O&M:
operations and Maintenance
PDD:
Project Design Document
PNG:
Piped Natural Gas
PPP:
Public-Private Partnership
R&D:
Research and Development
RE:
Renewable Energy
REC:
Renewable Energy Certificate
RET:
Renewable Energy Technology
SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SCP:
Solar Cities Project
SERC:
State Electricity Regulatory Commission
Sft:
Square Feet
SNA:
State Nodal Agency
SPV:
Solar Photo Voltaic
Sqm:
Square Metre
STP:
Sewage Treatment Plant
SWH:
Solar Water Heater
SWM:
Solid Waste Management
T/yr:
Tonnes per Year
T:
Tonne
TeCO2: Tonnes of Equivalent Carbon Dioxide
TERI:
The Energy and Resources Institute
ULB:
Urban Local Body
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
W:
Watt
Wh:
Watt-hour
WTP:
Water Treatment Plant
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This Master Plan is an outcome of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy’s (MNRE’s) Solar City
Programme as part of the 11th Five year plan. Their initiatives have led to the collaboration of the Kalyan
Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) with ICLEI-South Asia for the preparation of the Solar City Master
Plan for Kalyan Dombivli city, as part of this Programme. We gratefully acknowledge the support of Kalyan
Dombivli Municipal Corporation and Maharashtra Energy Development Agency (MEDA) for providing
assistance in primary and secondary data collection in the initial phase of master plan preparation.
We would like to thank Secutech Automation (India) Pvt. Ltd Mumbai, for data collection and sample survey
for Kalyan Dombivli city. The report benefited enormously from peer review process by a gamut of experts
from ICLEI South Asia and most importantly the Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC), Maharashtra
Energy Development Agency (MEDA) and the stakeholders of Kalyan Dombivli Solar City Programme. We
acknowledge their contributions and suggestions which streamlined the structure and composition of the
master plan.
The report would have not been possible without the generous support of the Ministry of New & Renewable
Energy, Government of India. We extend our gratitude to the honorable secretary of MNRE, Mr. G. B.
Pradhan for his time and advice to make this report better. We specially thank Dr. Bibek Bandyopadyay,
Advisor, MNRE and Dr. Arun Kumar Tripathi, Director, MNRE for their valuable advice and guidance during
the preparation of this report. We also extend our thanks to the other officers and staff of the MNRE for their
consistent support in preparing and finalizing the report.
2
CONSULTED ORGANISATIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation, Kalyan Dombivli
Maharashtra Energy Development Agency (MEDA)
Officials and Councilors of Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Council
Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (MSEDCL)
District Supply Officer (DSO),
State Oil Coordinator for Maharashtra
Hotels and restaurants
Small Scale Industries Association
Tourism Department
Education Department
Department of Health
Members of the civil society
Secutech Automation Pvt Ltd
Local suppliers of RE and EE devices
Local Media
3
MNRE TEAM:
Dr. Bibek Bandyopadhyay, Advisor & Head, MNRE
Dr. Arun Kumar Tripathi, Director, MNRE
Mr. Hiren Borah, Scientist “B”, MNRE
KALYAN DOMBIVLI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION AND NODAL AGENCY’S TEAM:
Mr. R. K. Sonawane, Commissioner, Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
Mr. Yashwant Sonawane, Executive Engineer, Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
Mr. Prashant Bhagwat, Engineer, Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
Shri Anand Limaye (IAS), Director General, MEDA
Mr. H. M. Kulkarni, General Manager, Rural Energy, MEDA
ICLEI SOUTH ASIA TEAM:
Emani Kumar
Dwipen Boruah
Ravi Ranjan Guru
Ashish Verma
Laasya Bhagvatula
4
5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The “Development of Solar Cities” programme by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE),
Government of India, is an immense opportunity for contributing towards a sustainable India in the coming
years. This programme is a crucial step towards supporting Indian cities for the development of renewable
energy and energy efficiency projects and curbing conventional energy demand by 10% in the next five years.
This master plan is the outcome of the programme’s objective to develop a road map for the city to envision
and implement renewable energy and energy conservation strategies. The master plan approach is in tandem
with the requirements of the MNRE guidelines.
The master plan begins with the introductory city profile which encapsulates the city’s current energy
demands and also the municipal corporation services which are intrinsic to the city’s growing energy demand.
The 2nd chapter provides the Current Energy Scenario of Kalyan Dombivli. Detailed analysis of the trend and
pattern of electricity, petrol, diesel, kerosene and LPG consumption has been discussed and thoroughly
analyzed to base the strategy development of the city. The main sources of energy in the city are electricity,
petrol, diesel, LPG and kerosene.
The 3rd Chapter Energy Demand Forecast of Kalyan Dombivli estimates the future conventional energy
demand interpolating the past data of energy consumption as well as population growth data. However other
key aspects detrimental to energy demand like population growth and city economic growth has also been
considered for ascertaining the city’s future conventional energy
Kerosene
SWH
6.38%
0.35%
demands.
Electricity has the largest share in the makeup, accounting for 58% of
the energy supply, with LPG at 12%, petrol at 7%, diesel at 16% and
kerosene at 6%. The present penetration of SWH in Kalyan- Dombivli
is approximately 1%.
Sector wise, a majority of energy consumption is within the residential
sector (81%), followed by the commercial sector. During the last five
years, the residential and commercial sectors have shown higher
growth in electricity consumption as compared to the municipal and
industrial sectors.
Diesel
15.51%
Petrol
7.31%
LPG
12.41%
Electricity
58.04%
Goal for Year 2013:
Studying the historical growth in consumption levels and population growth projections until the year 2013,
it has been assessed that the energy consumption in Kalyan-Dombivli in 2013 can be ascertained under the
highest growth scenario as 1680 MU.
This gives the city a 10% reduction goal of 168 MU.
The success of renewable energy technology projects can only be assured with an accurate resource
assessment and its potential in the city. Hence the 4th Chapter Renewable energy and Energy Efficiency
6
Strategies for KDMC begins with the resource availability and intensity of renewable energy resources like
solar, wind, hydro- and geothermal in the city. This chapter is the most substantial part of the master plan as
it delineates the specific strategies for the city. For ease of study the city has been divided into residential,
commercial, municipal and industrial sectors and both renewable energy and energy efficiency initiatives
are enlisted within it. Case studies have been highlighted in the city which are 4-5 specific sites within the
city where RE and EE technologies can be showcased.
A minimum of 5% of the energy reduction achieved is aimed to be met through renewable energy measures.
The primary or the most feasible actions for which the techno-economics have been developed under
renewable energy measures are solar water heater and solar home light systems. Considering the high
upfront/ capital costs of solar equipments in India SWH has proved to be the least cost option compared to
other solar equipments for KDMC. As KDMC is primarily an urban residential area, the potential for
investment lies more in/from individual households.
The table below summarizes the year wise energy savings goal with RE and EE strategies in different sectors:
RE and EE Strategy for Kalyan
Dombivli City
Energy Savings target over 5 years period of
implementation (MU per year)
2nd year 3rd year
4th year
5th year
1st
Cumulati Cumulati Cumulati Cumulati
Year
ve
ve
ve
ve
% of
savings
target to
achieve
Emission
reduction/
year
RE for Residential Sector
8.30
20.75
37.36
58.11
83.02
49.41%
69231
RE for Commercial & Inst. Sector
0.50
1.25
2.25
3.50
5.00
2.98%
3187
RE for Industrial Sector
1.17
2.93
5.27
8.20
11.71
6.97%
9747
RE for Municipal Sector
0.10
4.70
6.50
13.16
13.46
8.01%
10903
Total for RE strategy
11.32
28.30
50.93
79.23
113.18
67.37%
93068
EE for Residential Sector
6.61
16.54
29.77
46.30
66.15
39.37%
53580
EE for Commercial Sector
2.51
6.27
11.28
17.55
25.08
14.93%
20312
EE for Industrial Sector
0.33
0.82
1.47
2.28
3.26
1.94%
2643
EE for Municipal Sector
1.46
3.65
6.58
10.23
14.61
8.70%
11838
Total for EE Strategy
10.91
27.28
49.10
76.37
109.10
64.94%
88372
RE and EE Combined Strategy
22.23
55.57
100.03
155.60
222.28
13%
33%
60%
93%
132%
181440
The table below summarizes the total budget and year wise expenses for implementation of solar city
development programme shared among MNRE, state/ city and private users.
Sharing of fund
Year 1
(Crore)
Year 2
(Crore)
Year 3
(Crore)
Year 4
(Crore)
Year 5
(Crore)
Total (Crore)
State / City Share
3.10
4.65
6.20
7.75
9.30
30.99
MNRE Share
21.58
34.48
43.53
55.80
64.44
219.83
Private Share
40.98
64.37
83.00
106.63
122.93
417.90
Total Budget
65.66
103.49
132.72
170.17
196.67
668.71
7
Guidebook for development of Solar City:
The “Guidebook for development of Solar City” is an integral part of the Master Plan. The guidebook provides
generic information about general energy scenario, renewable energy scenario and energy efficiency
initiatives in India, evolution of solar city concept, international solar city initiatives and local renewable
network in its first two chapters. The third chapter describes the solar city programme in India and its
objectives, targets and guidelines. Indicative renewable energy devices and energy efficiency measures are
described in chapter 4 & 5. Financial models have been suggested in the 6th Chapter Financial Schemes and
Business Models to enable the city to implement the strategies listed here. The implementation phase under
this programme will be the key indicator to determine the level of success for this MNRE programme. The 6th
Chapter cites numerous schemes available in India as well as various business models which can be emulated
for successful implementation of RE & EE projects.
Not only financing but capacity building and awareness generation go hand in hand to ensure sustainability of
the MNRE programme. All activities from developing a “Solar City Cell” to workshops and training have been
discussed in the 7th Chapter Implementation Strategy for Solar City Programme.
8th Chapter Risk Analysis describes the risks involved in developing renewable energy projects in the Indian
context and suggests mitigation methods for the cities. A generic approach has been taken to provide the
preventive measures however risks are city-specific and requires intrinsic detailing for individual projects.
The master plan provides a framework to compare and analyze alternative strategies and policies, in order to
facilitate Council’s review and the decision-making process. Achieving significant reduction in energy
consumption requires collective effort by all City departments, other government departments, businesses,
industries and citizens. The City needs to become a bolder leader in its policies, planning, programs, advocacy
and its own operations – there is a tremendous opportunity and need to demonstrate Community
Leadership. The investigation showed that the biggest energy saving potential is in the residential sector and
most significant RES potential is for solar energy projects. It is the responsibility of leaders in all tiers of
government, commerce, industry and civil society to promote action towards more efficient and renewable
energy use.
8
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 2
CONSULTED ORGANISATIONS: ........................................................................................................................ 3
ICLEI SOUTH ASIA TEAM: ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 15
1.1.
Kalyan Dombivli City Profile .............................................................................................................. 15
1.2.
City Urban Services ............................................................................................................................ 15
1.2.1.
Administrative Setup ..................................................................................................................... 15
1.2.2.
Water Supply ................................................................................................................................. 15
1.2.3.
Municipal Solid Waste ................................................................................................................... 15
1.2.4.
Sewage Treatment Plant ............................................................................................................... 16
1.2.5.
Streetlights .................................................................................................................................... 16
1.2.6.
Storm Water Drains ....................................................................................................................... 16
1.2.7.
Roads, Traffic and Transportation ................................................................................................. 17
1.2.8.
e- Governance ............................................................................................................................... 17
1.3.
Developing Kalyan Dombivli as ‘Solar City’ ....................................................................................... 17
1.3.1.
2.
Preparation of Master Plan for ‘Kalyan Dombivli Solar City’......................................................... 17
ENERGY BASELINE STATUS OF KALYAN DOMBIVLI CITY........................................................................ 19
2.1.
Overall Energy Status ........................................................................................................................ 19
2.1.1.
Energy Consumption ..................................................................................................................... 19
2.1.2.
Supply Side Energy Balance ........................................................................................................... 21
2.2.
Residential Sector .............................................................................................................................. 22
2.2.1.
Energy consumption ...................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2.
Results of sample survey ............................................................................................................... 23
2.3.
Commercial Sector ............................................................................................................................ 26
9
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.4.
Industrial Sector ................................................................................................................................ 30
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
2.5.
Municipal Sector ................................................................................................................................ 31
2.6.
City Wide Green House Gas Inventory .............................................................................................. 32
2.6.1.
City level Emissions........................................................................................................................ 32
2.6.2.
Government Emissions .................................................................................................................. 32
3.
ENERGY DEMAND FORECAST FOR KALYAN DOMBIVLI ......................................................................... 34
3.1.
Forecasting Based on Population Growth ......................................................................................... 34
3.2.
Goal for the year 2013....................................................................................................................... 36
4.
RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES FOR KALYAN DOMBIVLI.................................................................. 37
4.1.
Renewable Energy Resource Assessment ......................................................................................... 38
4.1.1.
Solar Radiation............................................................................................................................... 38
4.1.2.
Wind Energy .................................................................................................................................. 39
4.1.3.
Biomass Resource .......................................................................................................................... 39
4.1.4.
Waste generation .......................................................................................................................... 40
4.1.5.
Liquid Waste from Sewage Treatment Plant................................................................................. 40
4.2.
RE Strategy for Residential sector ..................................................................................................... 40
4.3.
RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector ........................................................................ 46
4.3.1.
RE Strategy for Hotels .................................................................................................................... 46
4.3.2.
Renewable Energy Systems for Restaurants ................................................................................. 48
4.3.3.
Renewable Energy Systems for Hospitals...................................................................................... 51
4.3.4.
Renewable Energy Systems for Educational Institutes ................................................................. 55
4.3.5.
RE Strategy for Industrial Sector.................................................................................................... 56
4.3.6.
RE Strategy for Municipal Sector ................................................................................................... 57
10
4.3.7.
Waste to Energy Potential in Kalyan Dombivli .............................................................................. 61
4.3.8.
Application of biogas plants .......................................................................................................... 64
4.3.9.
Solar Thermal for cooling .............................................................................................................. 66
5.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR KALYAN DOMBIVLI.................................................................... 67
5.1.
EE Strategy for Residential sector ..................................................................................................... 68
5.2.
EE Strategy for Commercial Sector.................................................................................................... 71
5.3.
EE Strategy for Industrial Sector ........................................................................................................ 75
5.4.
EE Strategy for Municipal Sector ....................................................................................................... 77
5.4.1.
6.
EE measures in Street Lighting ...................................................................................................... 77
ACTION PLAN AND BUDGET .................................................................................................................. 83
6.1.
Year-wise Goals of Energy Savings .................................................................................................... 83
6.2.
Physical Target and Action Plan......................................................................................................... 86
6.3.
Implementation Strategy................................................................................................................... 88
6.3.1.
Establishment of the Solar City Cell............................................................................................... 88
6.3.2.
Awareness and Publicity ................................................................................................................ 88
6.3.3.
Implementation of RE Strategy ..................................................................................................... 89
6.3.4.
Renewable Energy Pilot Projects ................................................................................................... 91
6.4.
Financial outlays and sharing of fund ................................................................................................ 93
6.5.
Potential Carbon Market Benefit ...................................................................................................... 98
7.
Annexure I – Pilot Project I .................................................................................................................... 99
8.
Annexure II – Pilot Project II ................................................................................................................ 106
9.
Annexure III – Pilot Project III .............................................................................................................. 113
10.
Annexure IV – Pilot Project IV ......................................................................................................... 120
11.
Annexure V - Pilot Project V ............................................................................................................ 128
12.
Annexure VI - References & Bibliography ....................................................................................... 134
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List of Figures
Figure 1 :
Figure 2 :
Figure 3 :
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Figure 6 :
Figure 7 :
Figure 8 :
Figure 9 :
Figure 10 :
Figure 11 :
Figure 12 :
Figure 13 :
Figure 14 :
Figure 15 :
Figure 16 :
Figure 17 :
Figure 18 :
Figure 19 :
Figure 20 :
Figure 21 :
Growth in Electricity Consumption ........................................................................................................................................20
Sector Wise Break-Up of Electricity Consumption ...........................................................................................................20
Shares of Fuels in Supply Side Energy Balance ..................................................................................................................22
Supply Balance in residential sector ......................................................................................................................................23
Household Classification .............................................................................................................................................................23
Lighting Inventory and Usage ..................................................................................................................................................25
Awareness and Usage of RE & EE Technologies ................................................................................................................25
Share Of Fuels In Energy Balance ...........................................................................................................................................26
Consumer classification (kWh/month).................................................................................................................................27
Lighting Technology Used by Consumers.............................................................................................................................29
Awareness and Usage of Energy Efficient Lighting Technologies ..............................................................................29
Share of GHG Emissions by Sector...........................................................................................................................................32
Share of GHG emission in Government sector ....................................................................................................................33
Forecasting for Energy Consumption (MU) based on population growth ..............................................................35
Forecasting of Energy Consumption (MU) based on historical data ........................................................................35
Annual Solar Radiation profile in Kalyan Dombivli.........................................................................................................39
Year wise energy savings targets for Kalyan Dombivli Solar City .............................................................................84
Sharing of total budget for development of solar city Kalyan Dombivli .................................................................94
Sharing of RE Strategy Budget for Kalyan Dombivli Solar City .................................................................................94
Sharing of EE Strategy Budget for Kalyan Dombivli Solar City ..................................................................................94
Year wise sharing of budget for Kalyan Dombivli Solar City Programme ..............................................................95
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List of Tables
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Electricity consumption in Kalyan Dombivli City .............................................................................................................19
LPG Consumption Data in KDMC ............................................................................................................................................20
Petrol Consumption Data in KDMC ........................................................................................................................................21
Diesel Consumption Data in KDMC ........................................................................................................................................21
Kerosene Consumption Data in KDMC..................................................................................................................................21
Supply Side Energy Balance in KDMC for 2007-2008.....................................................................................................22
Residential Sector Energy Consumption ..............................................................................................................................22
Energy Balance for Residential Sector .................................................................................................................................22
Summary of Sample Survey ......................................................................................................................................................24
Commercial Sector Energy Usage...........................................................................................................................................26
Energy Balance for the Sector for the Year 2007-08 ......................................................................................................26
Summary of Commercial establishments/institutes in the city ..................................................................................27
Household appliances inventory .............................................................................................................................................28
Interest Shown By Consumers for Solar Water Heater Installation .........................................................................30
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption ................................................................................................................................30
Energy Balance for Industrial Sector ....................................................................................................................................30
Overall Municipal Sector Energy Consumption (MU) .....................................................................................................31
Energy Consumption for Street lighting(kWh) .................................................................................................................31
Electricity Consumption in Water Pumping (MU) ...........................................................................................................31
Energy Consumption in waste water treatment plant (MU) .......................................................................................31
Population Projection till 2020 ...............................................................................................................................................34
Energy Consumption Projection (MU) ..................................................................................................................................34
Energy Consumption Projection for KDMC (MU) .............................................................................................................35
Energy consumption projection for KDMC (MU) ..............................................................................................................36
Forecasting of Energy Consumption for KDMC .................................................................................................................36
Monthly Averaged Insolation Incident on a Horizontal Surface (kWh/M2/Day)................................................38
Monthly averaged wind speed above earth surface for terrain similar to airports (m/s) ..............................39
Biomass Resource .........................................................................................................................................................................39
Solid Waste Generation Data ...................................................................................................................................................40
Target for SWHs installation in Kalyan Dombivli City ...................................................................................................41
Target for introducing solar cooker in Kalyan Dombivli City .....................................................................................41
Target for introducing solar lanterns in Kalyan Dombivli City ..................................................................................42
Target for introducing solar home system in Kalyan Dombivli City .........................................................................43
Target for introducing Solar PV for Home Inverters in Kalyan Dombivli City .....................................................44
Target for replacement of diesel generator sets with PV Power Pack in Kalyan Dombivli City ....................44
RE system for residential apartments ...................................................................................................................................45
Summary of RE Strategy for Residential sector in Kalyan Dombivli City ...............................................................46
Case Study of Budget Hotel cum Bar & Restaurant .........................................................................................................47
Case Study of Restaurant ...........................................................................................................................................................49
Summary of RE strategy for Restaurants ............................................................................................................................51
Case Study of 50 bedded hospital............................................................................................................................................51
Case Study for 20 bed hospital .................................................................................................................................................53
Summary of RE systems for Hospitals ...................................................................................................................................54
Target for Introducing Solar Cookers in Primary Schools............................................................................................55
Summary of RE strategy for educational institutes ........................................................................................................56
RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector ....................................................................................................56
RE Strategy for industrial sector in KDMC..........................................................................................................................57
RE Strategy for KDMC municipal sector ..............................................................................................................................58
RE Systems for Shopping Complexes .....................................................................................................................................59
RE Systems for Outdoor lights, Road safety ........................................................................................................................59
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Summary of RE Strategy for outdoor light and road safety ........................................................................................60
Renewable Energy Systems for Parks ...................................................................................................................................60
Summary of RE Strategy for Kalyan Dombivli Corporation Parks ............................................................................60
Summary of RE Strategy for Municipal Sector in Kalyan Dombivli ..........................................................................61
Municipal Solid Waste Characterization (2006) ..............................................................................................................61
Waste to Energy through thermo-chemical conversion ................................................................................................62
Waste to Energy through bio-methanation .......................................................................................................................62
Waste to Energy from Sewage Treatment Plant ..............................................................................................................63
Summary of waste to energy potential in Kalyan Dombivli City ................................................................................64
Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent....................................................................................................68
T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast ..........................................69
Efficient Ceiling Fans to Replace Conventional Ceiling Fans .......................................................................................69
Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs ..................................................................70
Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators ..................................................70
Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps .....................................................71
Summary of EE Strategy in Residential Sector .................................................................................................................71
Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent....................................................................................................72
Replace T12/T8 tube light by T5 tube light .......................................................................................................................72
Replacement of Conventional Fans ........................................................................................................................................73
Replacement of Conventional Air-Conditioners with EE Star Rated ACs ................................................................73
Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators ..................................................74
Replacements of Conventional pumps with EE Star Rated pumps ............................................................................74
Summary of EE Strategy in Commercial & Industrial Sector ......................................................................................75
Replacement of incandescent with CFLs in Industrial sector ......................................................................................75
Replacement of T8/T12 tube lights .......................................................................................................................................76
Replacement of conventional fans by EE star rated fans ..............................................................................................76
Replacement of Conventional ACs with EE Star Rated ACs ..........................................................................................77
Summary of EE Strategy for Industrial Sector ..................................................................................................................77
Replacement of 150 watt HPSV with LED ...........................................................................................................................78
Replacement of 40 watt T8/T12 tube lights with T5 tube lights ...............................................................................78
Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads) .................................................79
Variable Speed Drivers................................................................................................................................................................80
Power saver installation in pump house ..............................................................................................................................80
Proper pump-system design (efficient pump, pumps heads with system heads) .................................................80
Variable Speed Drivers................................................................................................................................................................81
Power saver installation in pump house ..............................................................................................................................81
Summary of EE Strategy for municipal sector ..................................................................................................................82
Energy savings goal over 5 years solar city implementation period ........................................................................83
Year wise Goal of Energy Savings ...........................................................................................................................................85
Physical target of RE systems and EE devices....................................................................................................................86
Physical Target and Action Plan .............................................................................................................................................87
Pilot Projects in Residential Sector ........................................................................................................................................91
Pilot Projects in Commercial and Institutional Sector ...................................................................................................92
Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector ...........................................................................................................................................92
Pilot Projects in Municipal Sector ..........................................................................................................................................92
Summary of Pilot Projects and indicative project cost implication ..........................................................................93
Sharing of budget for development of Kalyan Dombivli Solar City ...........................................................................93
Sector wise total budget and annual expenses ..................................................................................................................96
Budget and Sharing of fund ......................................................................................................................................................97
Potential Carbon Market Benefit ..........................................................................................................................................98
14
CHAPTER 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Kalyan Dombivli City Profile
Kalyan Dombivli is an important satellite township of Mumbai city. It is an important railway junction. The
city of Kalyan Dombivli forms one of the important urban agglomerations of Maharashtra state. Owing to
large urbanizable zone and its proximity to greater Mumbai, Kalyan Dombivli is trying to enhance the quality
of services, expand the infrastructure and accelerate its economic growth.
Kalyan Dombivli, being close to Mumbai, the demographic profile of the city reveals that the population has
increased continuously. As per census reports the population in the year 1961 was 1, 49,894 which is
increased to 10, 47,297 in the year 2001. KDMC has projected population up to year 2020 which is assessed
to be 20, 52,060. On the basis of proposed land use as provided in development plan and area available for
future development to absorb additional population of approximately 16,55,550 souls in the year 2016
which can called as “Carrying Capacity of the City” up to year 2016.
The demographic profile shows continuous increase in population of the city. The deletion of Ambarnath &
Badlapur area including surrounding villages affected the economy of the city adversely.
1.2. City Urban Services
1.2.1. Administrative Setup
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) is the main organization which is responsible for urban
governance and civic management in the city of Kalyan Dombivli. The corporation has a democratically
elected leadership from the constituencies within the geographic jurisdiction of the corporation boundaries.
1.2.2. Water Supply
The total potable water supply in Kalyan Dombivli is sourced from Ulhas and Kalu River. The water supply
was 238 MLD for a population 12.63 lakhs in the year 2006. Surface water is available to a significant extent
as Ulhas and Kalu Rivers are perennial sources. As both the rivers flow within KDMC limits, the cost of
transmission is comparatively less. The KDMC purifies water at its treatment plants located at Barave, Kalyan
Dombivli and along the bank of Kalu River, Titwala. Additional requirement is being purchased from agencies
like MIDC, NRC & ZP. The purification capacity of Barave Treatment Plant is 144 MLD and that of Titwala
Treatment Plant is 7.5 MLD. The present installed distribution system covers all of the 107 wards in the cities
of Kalyan and Dombivli.
1.2.3. Municipal Solid Waste
The KDMC carry out the collection and transportation of the solid waste within the Kalyan Dombivli
Municipal City Limits through its vehicle fleet, machinery and laborers. Out of 7 Administrative Municipal
15
Wards, 2 wards are selected for secondary collection and transportation of the solid waste through
privatization. The department is headed by Deputy Municipal Commissioner who is assisted by 7 ward
officers, 2 Assistant Public Health Officers, 36 sanitary inspectors, 90 Mukadams and 1468 sanitation staff.
The city generates approximately 600 M.T. of municipal solid waste every day which comprises biodegradable and non biodegradable solid waste components. The solid waste is generated by households,
hotels and restaurants, markets, fruit vendors, construction activities.
Waste segregation at all collection points and at storage is primarily done by rag pickers. The sweepers of
the department collect the waste at the dustbin sites. KDMC endeavors to increase the private sector
participation in solid waste management. KDMC has taken initiatives to direct house owners and
establishments to store waste in 2 different containers at source and not to throw it on the streets.
The waste is collected and transported from each corner of the Corporation by the man & machinery of
KDMC 61 wards and by a private partner in rest of the 46 wards.. The solid waste so collected is presently
transported to the solid waste disposal site located at Adharwadi, Kalyan Dombivli which is in close proximity
to habitation.
1.2.4. Sewage Treatment Plant
Sewage collected from individual house sewer connection is conveyed through sewer lines to the relevant
pumping stations and sent to the sewage pumping plants at different locations for the treatment. The
treated water is discharged finally to the creek. The performance standard benchmarked against standard
requirements in terms of sewage collection system coverage is found to be very low, inadequate in terms of
sewage treatment plants & function characteristics and adequate in terms of Revenue/ O & M ratio.
1.2.5. Streetlights
KDMC is responsible for provision and maintenance of streetlights within the Corporation limits. The
corporation handles material procurement; installation and maintenance through qualified technical staff of
KDMC and approved/ registered Electrical Contractors.
Private sector participation in maintenance of street lighting is being introduced in the year 2000 in the
corporation. As per 2006 data, 13310 nos. of street lights on KDMC owned poles are maintained by Electrical
Contractor appointed by KDMC and 2356 nos. of street lights on MSEDC poles are maintained by Electrical
Departmental Staff of the corporation. Other general lighting service fitments includes 29 nos. of 20 mtr / 16
mtr, high mast at major intersections and roundabouts of the city.
1.2.6. Storm Water Drains
The general elevation of Kalyan Dombivli city is 6.0 m above Mean Sea Level. Overall topography of the area
slopes towards The North and West. The river Kalu, Ulhas and Kalyan Dombivli creek runs along the North
and West side boundaries and cover 60% of the periphery of the corporation. There exists a network of
major and minor nallas in the significant parts of the paved areas of the old municipal council limits of these
towns.
Major part of KDMC is divided into different storm water drainage zones. There are 8 major drains flowing
from South- East to North – West. Out of these 8 drains, 7 are primary and major parts of the drains are
16
constructed. These drains also receive and convey sullage water from residential/ habituated areas besides
storm water drainage up to different disposal locations in the creek. These drains are constructed and
maintained by KDMC.
1.2.7. Roads, Traffic and Transportation
The surface transport of the city is mainly divided into railways & roads. Kalyan Dombivli Municipal
Corporation is an important satellite township of Mumbai city. It has an extensive road network. As per the
development plan, the total length is 576 km. within the municipal limit. The figure includes state highways
& Major District Roads, major arterial and internal roads.
Kalyan Dombivli is an important railway junction and entry point of Mumbai city. Trains run between
Dombivli, Thakurli, Kalyan Dombivli, Shahad, Ambivali, Titwala & Kopar railway stations. Besides this, on the
periphery of corporation limits there is 1600 hectare and belongs to civil aviation Department and Airport is
likely to be developed in near future.
1.2.8. e- Governance
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation has initiated its journey in e Governance in 1999 with an aim of
creating a solid, system driven corporation with highest levels of Transparency, Accountability and Citizen
Servicing Standards. It creates hassle free interactions for citizens. Payment of taxes, application for newer
water connection, application for birth/ death certificate, and application for any other service or simply the
registration of a civic complaint can be done with ease. The project has received accolades/ awards at State,
National & International level.
1.3.
Developing Kalyan Dombivli as ‘Solar City’
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt. of India has launched a Scheme on “Development
of Solar Cities” under which a total of 60 cities/towns are proposed to be supported for development as
“Solar/ Green Cities” during the 11th Plan period. The program aims at minimum 10% reduction in projected
demand of conventional energy at the end of five years, which can be achieved through a combination of
energy efficiency measures and enhancing supply from renewable energy sources. Out of this 5% will be from
renewable energy source. MNRE has been providing financial support to Kalyan Dombivli Municipal
Corporation for preparing a Master Plan for developing Kalyan Dombivli as a Solar City.
1.3.1. Preparation of Master Plan for ‘Kalyan Dombivli Solar City’
The master plan preparation process is divided into six steps:
(i) Preparing energy base-line for year 2008
Energy base-line for the city is a detailed documentation of the existing energy demand and supply scenario
for the city. Among other things, it consists of sector-wise energy consumption matrix and energy supplymix for the base year. The city is divided into four sectors vis. Residential, commercial/ Institutional,
Industrial and Municipal sector.
(ii) Demand Forecasting for 2013/2018
This step involves predicting the energy demand for 5 year and 10 year periods. To estimate the demand,
17
growth in energy use in different sectors has been established. These growth rates are established based on
immediate past trends and future growth plans. Based on the past time-series data and information on
growth plans, growth rate in energy demand for different sectors has been estimated. These growth rates
are used for making future projection of energy demand in each sector for year 2013 (five year) and 2018
(10 year).
(iii) Sector wise strategies
This step involves carrying out techno-economic feasibility of different renewable energy and energy
efficiency options for each sector based on techno-economic feasibility for such application to the concerned
sectors. A renewable energy resources assessment has been done to identify the potential renewable energy
sources for the city. This includes assessment of solar radiation, wind power density and availability, biomass
resources and municipal/industrial wastes. A strategy has been prepared for use of techno economically
feasible renewable energy technology options in each sector.
(iv) Year-wise goals of savings
Year wise goals have been set to achieve targeted energy savings through demand side management by
energy conservation and energy efficiency measures in different sectors & supply side measures based on
renewable energy applications.
(v) Action Plan
A five-year action plan has been prepared to achieve the set goals & expected GHG abatements. This
includes establishment of solar city cell, capacity building and awareness generation.
(vi) Financial Outlay and sharing of fund
An indicative financial outlay has been prepared for implementation of the proposed five-year action plan
and potential sources of funding from respective sources (both public and private) has been indicated.
18
CHAPTER 2
This chapter gives details of energy consumption for the Kalyan Dombivli city for past 3-5 years. The
consumption has been shown based on the energy sources such as electricity, LPG, petrol, diesel and
kerosene. Further, sectoral break up (i.e. residential, commercial, industrial and municipal) of
consumption for each fuel is also presented. The chapter also provides the findings of the primary sample
survey, including monthly fuel consumptions, ownership of appliances and their usage, present usage of
renewable energy, awareness and usage of energy efficient technologies etc.
2. ENERGY BASELINE STATUS OF KALYAN DOMBIVLI CITY
2.1.
Overall Energy Status
2.1.1. Energy Consumption
Based on the information gathered from survey, the energy consumption scenario is presented here. The
main sources of energy are electricity, petrol, diesel, LPG and kerosene.
Electricity: Electricity distribution in the city is done through five main stations viz. Kalyan E Section 1, Kalyan
Rural (Titwala), Kalyan E Section 2, Dombivli division and Kalyan Urban/West. Based on the information
available, sector wise electricity consumption data is compiled for last 4 years (Please refer to Annexure- I
for details).
Table 1 :
Electricity consumption in Kalyan Dombivli City
Electricity Consumption (MU)
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
No. of
Consumers
(2007-08)
Residential
635
694
780
305289
Commercial
106
116
124
62976
Industrial
26
26
33
1985
Municipal
Total
26.7
29.0
30.7
-
794
865
968
370250
Year
Growth trend for the electricity can be seen in the figure given below. The compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) based on 2005-06 & 2007-08 data comes as 10%, which is much higher than the population growth
rate (3.82%) in the city.
19
Figure 1 :
Growth in Electricity Consumption
Figure 2 : below gives the break up of electricity consumption for different sectors. Residential sector
dominates (81%) in electricity consumption and hence should be targeted for Demand Side Measures (DSM).
During last five years, the residential and commercial sectors have shown higher growth in electricty
consumption as compared to the the municipal and industrial sectors.
Industrial
3%
Municipal
3%
Commercial
13%
Residential
81%
Figure 2 :
Sector Wise Break-Up of Electricity Consumption
LPG: Based on the available data, LPG consumption is summarized in Table given below.
Table 2 :
Sectors
LPG Consumption Data in KDMC
Residential
2005-06
(MT)
12149
2006-07
(MT)
12951
2007-08
(MT)
13849
Commercial
349
324
378.9
7
6
7
12505
13281
14234.9
Industrial
TOTAL
20
Petrol: Based on the available data, petrol consumption is summarized in Table given below. Most of the
consumption would be in transportation sector; however, sectoral break up of petrol consumption is not
available.
Table 3 : Petrol Consumption Data in KDMC
Petrol Consumption (kL)
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
11086
11558.79
13199.5
Diesel: Based on the available data, diesel consumption is summarized in Table given below. Most of the
consumption would be in transportation & industrial sector. There would also be some diesel consumption
in residential sector for DG sets. However, sector-wise break up of diesel consumption is not available. Also,
diesel consumption data might include the supply to industries which are not falling under KDMC area.
Table 4 :
Diesel Consumption Data in KDMC
Diesel Consumption (kL)
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
16508
18660
22727.5
Kerosene: Based on the available data, kerosene consumption is summarized in Table given below. Most of
the consumption would be in industrial sector; however, it might include the supply to industries which are
not falling under KDMC area. Sectoral break up of kerosene consumption is not available.
Table 5 :
Kerosene Consumption Data in KDMC
Kerosene consumption
(kL)
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
10373
10474
10574
2.1.2. Supply Side Energy Balance
Based on the available data for these 5 energy sources, the supply energy scenario for year 2007-08 is
developed. It is assumed that the SWH penetration in the city is 1%, i.e. 1% of the households use SWH in
the city. Other renewable sources have very low penetration and are too small a percentage to be reflected
here. The table below gives contribution of these energy sources in the overall energy supply.
21
Table 6 :
Supply Side Energy Balance in KDMC for 2007-2008
Source
Electricity
LPG
Petrol
Diesel
Kerosene
SWH
Consumption
Unit
968
14234.9
13199.5
22727.5
10574
3053
MU
MT
kL
kL
kL
No.
Total
Consumption
(MU)
968
207
122
259
106
5.8
1667
The pie-chart below gives the break up in percentage for supply side energy balance for the 2007-08.
Kerosene
6.38%
SWH
0.35%
Diesel
15.51%
Petrol
7.31%
Electricity
58.04%
LPG
12.41%
Figure 3 :
Shares of Fuels in Supply Side Energy Balance
Residential Sector
2.2.1. Energy consumption
2.2.
Residential sector dominates the overall energy consumption. Energy usage pattern for this sector is shown
in Table below.
Table 7 :
Sources
Electricity (MU)
LPG (MT)
Residential Sector Energy Consumption
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
635
694
780
12149
12951
13849
Energy balance for the sector for the year 2007-08
Table 8 :
Source
Electricity
Energy Balance for Residential Sector
Consumption
780 MU
Consumption (MU)
780 MU
LPG
13849 MT
201 MU
Total
Total
981 MU
22
Electricity is the main source of energy in residential sector as it contributes 79% of the total whereas LPG
contributes 21%.
LPG
21%
Electricity
79%
Figure 4 :
Supply Balance in residential sector
2.2.2. Results of sample survey
It should be noted that numbers given in the summary are specific to the surveyed households only.
In order to understand the end uses of energy, and consumer behavior patterns consumer survey has been
conducted. The survey questionnaire has been developed to gather information such as monthly fuel
consumption, ownership of appliances and their usage, present usage of renewable energy, awareness and
usage of energy efficient technologies, etc. The survey data has been analyzed and the summary has been
shown below.
Household classification and general details
Household class: Based on the monthly electricity consumption households have been classified under 4
categories.
Figure 5 :
Household Classification
23
Building type:
− Bungalow / independent house-18%
− Housing Scheme
-8%
− Apartment building / Flat
- 44%
− Slum pocket
-7%
− Other
-23%
− Family size: Less than 5 – 61%, 5-10 – 38%
− House area varies from 100 to 3600 ft2 and the average size is 560 ft2 per household.
Energy Consumption Pattern:
As the data show that the primary sources of energy consumption in the residential sector are: Electricity,
LPG and Kerosene, we will try to find out the consumption behavior of these energy sources in the residential
sector.
Table 9 :
End Use
Type of Appliances
Lighting
Incandescent
CFLs
Fluorescent –long
Fluorescent – short
Others
Air Conditioner
Room heater
Fans –Ceiling, Table Pedestal
Desert cooler
Electric Water Pump
Geyser
Refrigerator
Television
Others
Space
Conditioning
Water Pumping
Water Heating
Refrigeration
Others
Summary of Sample Survey
% of surveyed
HHs owning
the appliance
Average
Usage/day
Average
Wattage
41%
65%
83%
8%
4%
18%
0%
99%
Average
number of
appliances
per surveyed
HHs
0.9
2.5
2.1
0.2
0.5
0.24
0
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
0
8
60
15
36
20
10
1500
0
70
3%
5%
32%
84%
95
82
0.03
0.05
0.35
1.1
1.01
1.34
6
1
2
24
6
5
200
1000
1500
200
100
15
24
Figure 6 :
Lighting Inventory and Usage
Fuel usage:
• Primary fuel used for cooking:
− LPG/PNG
- 95%
− Kerosene
- 15%
− Fuel wood - 4%
− Electricity
- 12% (total is more than 100 due to multiple fuel usage)
• Primary fuel used for water heating
− LPG/PNG
- 61%
− Kerosene
-11%
− Fuel wood -6%
− Electricity
-24%
− Other
-3% (total is more than 100 due to multiple fuel usage)
Figure 7 :
Awareness and Usage of RE & EE Technologies
25
2.3.
Commercial Sector
Commercial sector energy usage pattern is shown in Table below. The main sources are electricity
and LPG.
Table 10 : Commercial Sector Energy Usage
Source
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
Electricity (MU)
106
116
124
LPG (MT)
349
324
379
Table 11 : Energy Balance for the Sector for the Year 2007-08
Source
Electricity
LPG
Consumption
124
379
Unit
MU
MT
Consumption
124025208
5508259
Unit
kWh
kWh
Total
129533467
kWh
LPG
4%
Electricity
96%
Figure 8 :
Share Of Fuels In Energy Balance
26
Electricity is the main source of energy in commercial sector.
Table 12 : Summary of Commercial establishments/institutes in the city
Educational Institutes
Primary Schools/ Nursery
306
Intermediate & High schools
41
Universities/ colleges/ Technical Institutes
7
Hospitals
Small hospitals and nursing homes with less than 50 beds
Hospitals with 50-100 beds
190
30
Hotels
Budget hotels
5
Restaurants
Large Restaurants
50
Medium Restaurants
100
Small Restaurants
350
Food Cart
225
Similar to the residential sector, a survey questionnaire has been prepared for commercial sector to
understand the energy usage. The summary of the survey is given below. The data shown below are
specific to the surveyed consumers only. Commercial consumers are classified in three categories
based on the energy consumption.
Figure 9 :
Consumer classification (kWh/month)
27
Table 13 : Household appliances inventory
End Use
Type of Appliances
Lighting
Incandescent
CFLs
Fluorescent Tube
Fluorescent Tube
Others
Space
Air Conditioner
Conditioning
Fans –Ceiling, Table,
Pedestal
Refrigeration
Refrigerator
Cooking
Cooking Equipment
Laundry
Laundry Equipment
Office Equipments Office Equipment
Computers
% of surveyed
establishment
owning the
appliance
41.38%
66.01%
83.25%
7.9%
4.92%
47.00%
100.00%
63.00%
13.85%
6.98%
10.77%
34.88%
Average
number of
appliances per
surveyed HHs
1
2
2
2
3
5
2.9
Average
Usage/day
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
Average
Wattage
6
3
3
6
5
6.02
7.08
60
16
40
30
20
1800
100
24
NA
NA
NA
NA
400
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fuel usage:
−
−
−
−
Electricity
LPG
Diesel
Other
- 98.8%
- 21.3%
- 20.0%
- 3.8% (total is more than 100 due to multiple fuel usage)
Average monthly fuel consumption:
− Electricity consumption varies from 69 to 22462 kWh and the average consumption is 2147
per consumer.
− Electricity bill varies from Rs.200 to 223670 and the average bill is Rs.17400 per consumer.
− LPG consumption is 3.7 cylinders per consumer (considering 80 consumers).
− Diesel consumption 45 liters per consumer (considering 80 consumers).
28
Figure 10 :
Figure 11 :
Lighting Technology Used by Consumers
Awareness and Usage of Energy Efficient Lighting Technologies
Cooking and other appliances:
• Consumers having cooking appliances in their premises: 44.7%
• Appliances used for cooking (%age of consumer using):
− LPG/PNG stove
39.6%
− Microwave
6.4%
− Steam cooking
4.3%
− Any other
4.3% (total is more than 44.7% due to multiple appliances)
• Average LPG consumption is 3.7 cylinders per month.
• Consumer having water heating equipment in their premises – 19%
• Hot water is mainly used for kitchen and bathroom. The fuel used for water heating is electricity
and LPG. Central boiler and storage heaters are used for getting hot water.
29
Interest shown for SWH installation:
Table 14 : Interest Shown By Consumers for Solar Water Heater Installation
Yes
No, it would be too expensive
No, it would be impractical for this facility
No, it is too risky and unproven
39%
37%
21%
3%
2.4. Industrial Sector
Type of Industry
Electrical Equipment
Chemical Manufacturing
Rayon
Dyes
Textile based cottage industry
Others
Total number of industries registered with MSEDL
Number
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1985
Table 15 : Industrial Sector Energy Consumption
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
Electricity (MU)
26
26
33
LPG (MT)
7
6
7
Table 16 : Energy Balance for Industrial Sector
Source
Electricity
LPG
Consumption
33
7
Unit
MU
MT
Consumption
33
0.1
Unit
MU
MU
Total
33.1
MU
There were only three industries operating during the time of survey and the data is collected only from
them.
30
2.5.
Municipal Sector
The major energy end-uses under the Municipal sector include streetlights, water supply and sewage
treatment plant. Energy consumption data for these three segments is shown in the Table below. Energy
consumption for the Govt. buildings and facilities is considered to be falling under commercial sector.
Overall Municipal Sector Energy Consumption:
Table 17 : Overall Municipal Sector Energy Consumption (MU)
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
Street light
7.59
6.78
7.60
6.97
Water Supply
18.63
21.61
21.50
23.19
0.49
0.58
1.63
1.42
TOTAL
26.71
28.97
30.73
31.57
Table 18 : Energy Consumption for Street lighting(kWh)
2003-2004
560154
1375286
1694312
1264605
1280000
829000
1042000
8045357
A - Ward
B - Ward
C - Ward
D - Ward
F - Ward
G - Ward
H -Ward
Total
2004-2005
595325
1484190
1861769
1268401
1033000
771000
982000
7995685
2005-2006
632981
1317136
2419524
1141844
655000
553000
869000
7588485
2006-2007
663030
1277391
1460280
1272099
682000
599000
830000
6783800
2007-2008
784220
1377950
1617534
1430598
896000
588000
904000
7598302
Water Pumping:
Table 19 : Electricity Consumption in Water Pumping (MU)
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
Barave Water
Treatment Plant
Dombivali (E)
Kalyan (E)
Kalyan (Rural)
Dombivali (W)
14741558
1385298
152000
566333
15660710
1559426
319300
560556
15914849
1480239
226100
512559
498385
17623560
1523660
209000
525652
1726848
17350336
1430916
312660
628941
1781914
Total
16845189
18099992
18632132
21608720
21504767
Waste Water Treatment Plant:
Table 20 : Energy Consumption in waste water treatment plant (MU)
2003-04
G.K. Pumping
Kolsewadi Pumping
Sewage Treatment plant
Ganesh Ghat Pumping
119738
54638
32299
18000
2004-05
251136
65384
23328
44147
2005-06
122073
66340
16405
30473
2006-07
177691
57940
13650
49459
2007-08
1302859
43422
17721
27625
31
Retibunder Pumping
LalChowki Pumping
P.S-I Pumping
PS-II Pumping
P.S-III Pumping
STP
17628
82800
21520
127844
21520
16594
15043
86609
23420
133525
23420
13512
24417
67378
20081
97200
20081
25010
34628
70632
23516
110180
23516
20311
26695
63248
16385
96098
16385
17223
Total
512581
679524
489458
581523
1627661
2.6. City Wide Green House Gas Inventory
2.6.1. City level Emissions
The city‘s inventory was conducted by compiling the best available data on energy consumption. The ICLEI
SA study reveals that all activities in Kalyan Dombivli city contribute to 954923.8 T e CO2 in 2007-08. The Per
capita emission for Kalyan Dombivli city is 0.70 T/ Year in 2007-08. The corporation level emission is about
2.65 % to the total city level emissions. The GHG emission has gone up by 21.57% in last three years, which is
raising serious environmental sustainability concern and also energy security in near future. As per the study,
the total electricity consumption has gone up by 21.92% in last three years.
7%
3%
3%
5%
82%
Electricity
Figure 12 :
LPG
Petrol
Diesel
Kerosene
Share of GHG Emissions by Sector
Above fig summarizes the city GHG emission by source. The electricity consumption accounts for 82% of the
City’s total carbon emissions. The diesel consumption produces 7% of the City’s total carbon emissions. The
LPG consumption in the city accounts for 5% of total emission and the Petrol & kerosene has another 3%
each.
2.6.2. Government Emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions from City of Kalyan-Dombivli government operations totaled 28107 metric tons of
CO2e in the year 2008-09, which is approximately 3.28% of the City’s total emissions. Figure presents the
distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from City government by sector. Buildings account for 8% of the City
32
government’s CO2e emissions. The City’s water supply system represents 68 % of the City government’s CO2e
emissions. Electricity used to power streetlights represented 20% of the emissions.
Figure 13 :
Share of GHG emission in Government sector
33
CHAPTER 3
This chapter forecasts the future consumption of Kalyan Dombivli based on baseline energy consumption,
past data and population growth. The forecasts figures gives us a clear view of the future conventional
energy demands in the city based on which the strategies have been developed and substantiated.
3. ENERGY DEMAND FORECAST FOR KALYAN DOMBIVLI
There are two scenarios for which the projections have been done. First is based on the population growth
and the second is based on the time-series data on energy use during last five years.
3.1. Forecasting Based on Population Growth
Population projection for Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Area has been done in city development plan (CDP)
under JNNURM scheme. The table gives the data population data as per the CDP. Based on this data,
population for year 2008, 2013 & 2018 has been interpolated considering linear growth between relevant
years e.g. for calculating the population in year 2008, linear growth is considered between year 2006 & 2011
and then interpolation is done.
Table 21 : Population Projection till 2020
Base year population (2001)
10,47,297
Projection @3.82% for year 2005
12,16,729
For year 2010
14,67,570
For year 2015
17,70,125
Projection @3% for year 2020
20,52,060
Forecasting for the year 2013/2018
The projections for fuel consumption have been done assuming that they fuel consumption will grow at the
same rate as population. The table given below summarizes projections for year 2013 and 2018.
Table 22 : Energy Consumption Projection (MU)
Population
Electricity
LPG
2008
1367234
968
207
2013
1649103
1167
250
2018
1939286
1373
294
34
Figure 14 :
Forecasting for Energy Consumption (MU) based on population growth
Forecasting Based on Past Data
The table given below gives the projected values for the year 2013 and 2018. Based on the past data, a linear
growth has been considered and the projection has been done.
Table 23 : Energy Consumption Projection for KDMC (MU)
Year
Electricity consumption
LPG
Figure 15 :
2008
2013
2018
968
207
1410
269
1856
332
Forecasting of Energy Consumption (MU) based on historical data
35
Forecasting based on national average of 25 cities data
The Table 24 : given below gives the projected values for the year 2013 and 2018. Based on the 25 cities’
past data from ‘ICLEI South Asia’s Carbon and Emissions Profiles of 54 South Asian Cities’ report, a linear
growth has been considered and the projection has been done.
Table 24 : Energy consumption projection for KDMC (MU)
Energy Sources
Electricity consumption
LPG
3.2.
2008
2013
2018
968
207
1265
1562
Goal for the year 2013
Since, transportation sector is not included in this study and petrol, diesel and kerosene consumption data is
not available for different sectors, the energy usage for electricity and LPG is considered for defining the
energy target. Based on this data, the targeted reduction in energy consumption (10% of the total based on
past data projection) for the year 2013 would be 168 MUs.
Table 25 : Forecasting of Energy Consumption for KDMC
Energy Sources
Electricity (MU)
LPG (MU)
Total (MU)
Based on
population growth
(MU)
1167
250
1417
Based on
past data
(MU)
1410
269
1680
Based on
25 cities’ data
(MU)
1265
36
CHAPTER 4
This chapter delves into renewable energy resource assessment and strategy for introducing different
Renewable Energy Technologies in residential, commercial, industrial and municipal sector of Kalyan
Dombivli city. Renewable energy resource availability and potential is a key criterion for suitable
renewable energy technology installations and success. The chapter later develops the strategies for
Kalyan Dombivli city based on the renewable energy available in the city and the baseline energy
consumption and future energy demands of the city.
4. RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES FOR KALYAN DOMBIVLI
The main objective of this chapter is to identify available renewable energy resources in Kalyan Dombivli city
and carry out techno-economic feasibility of different renewable energy options for residential, commercial,
industrial and municipal sector and making a priority listing of the options.
A renewable energy resources assessment has been done to identify the potential renewable energy sources
for the Kalyan Dombivli city. This includes assessment of solar radiation, wind power density and availability,
biomass resources and municipal/industrial wastes etc. The strategy has been prepared for each sector
identifying most techno economically viable renewable energy options considering wide range of potential
consumers in the particular sector. An implementation target for development of solar city project in 5
years period has been set with an objective to meet at least 5% energy consumption from renewable energy
on completion of the solar city project in Kalyan Dombivli.
For the residential sector, potential for introducing the following renewable energy devices has been worked
out based on present energy use pattern of the residents, economic level, availability of such products and
economic feasibility.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Solar Water Heaters
Solar Cookers
Solar Lanterns
Solar Home System
Solar PV system for Home Inverters
PV for replacement of DG/ Kerosene Generator sets
Renewable Energy Systems for Residential Housing Complexes
Commercial and Institutional Sector has been divided in to four broad categories as below and these
categories again sub divided into further categories based on their capacity and functional differences.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
RE Strategy for Hotels – budget hotels
RE Strategy for Restaurants – Large, medium, small, food cart
RE Strategy for Hospitals – 250-1000 bedded, 100-250 bedded, 50-100 bedded, Dispensaries/
37
dental clinic/ microsurgery
(iv) RE Strategy for Educational Institutes – Primary, intermediate, colleges, engineering colleges,
medical colleges, Computer Institute, Polytechnics, ITI
On the spot assessment have been carried out visiting each of these sub categories to identify present
energy demand, energy and fuel used, load shedding occurs, standby power supply provision, space
available for installation of solar arrays and collectors etc. Based on the site visit and energy demand
assessment, preliminary design/sizing of appropriate renewable energy devices have been worked out for
each category establishment. An indicative budgetary financial implication, energy savings, payback period
and GHG emission reduction has been estimated for each renewable energy option that has been suggested.
Industrial sector is broadly divided into five categories. Suitable renewable energy technologies have been
prepared for each of the category.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Rayon
(iv)
Dyes
(v)
Municipal Sector is divided into seven categories and options for appropriate renewable energy options have
been recommended based on the assessment made on each category of the sector.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Buildings - Municipality building and other Office Buildings
Markets – General markets, vegetable markets
Parks – Municipality Parks
Outdoor lighting Road safety- Street light, monuments, road blinkers,
Municipal Solid Waste
4.1. Renewable Energy Resource Assessment
A preliminary assessment has been done for solar, wind and biomass resources and energy recovery
potential from municipal solid waste and sewage treatment plant. While biomass data is for entire Kalyan
Dombivli district, there is no hydro potential in the city.
4.1.1. Solar Radiation
Kalyan Dombivli (Latitude 27.18 N, Longitude 78.02 E) receives good amount of solar radiation as the average
annual solar radiation for Kalyan Dombivli is presented in the below table.
Table 26 : Monthly Averaged Insolation Incident on a Horizontal Surface (kWh/M2/Day)
Source
NASA SSE Satellite
Jan
4.97
Feb
5.66
Mar
6.4
Apr
6.72
May
6.56
Jun
4.62
Jul
3.54
Aug
3.49
Sep
4.3
Oct
5.18
Nov
4.94
Dec
4.58
Annual
5.08
MNRE Solar
4.60
5.41
6.18
6.62
6.49
4.86
3.74
4.03
4.54
5.00
4.61
4.29
5.07
38
Figure 16 :
Annual Solar Radiation profile in Kalyan Dombivli
4.1.2. Wind Energy
Wind data18 for Kalyan-Dombivli is presented in the table below. Generally, average annual wind speeds of at
least 4.0-4.5 m/s are needed for a wind turbine to produce enough electricity to be cost-effective. From the
wind data, there seems to be less potential for wind energy in Kalyan- Dombivli. Detailed Study is required
for assessment of energy generation potential from wind resource
Table 27 : Monthly averaged wind speed above earth surface for terrain similar to airports (m/s)
Height
10 m
50 m
Jan
2.39
3.02
Feb
2.84
3.6
Mar
3.14
3.97
Apr
3.48
4.41
May
3.8
4.8
Jun
3.93
4.98
Jul
4.26
5.39
Aug
3.86
4.88
Sep
2.64
3.34
Oct
2.19
2.77
Nov
2.13
2.7
Dec
2.17
2.75
4.1.3. Biomass Resource
Biomass resource for Kalyan Dombivli is not available separately. However, the data is available at district
level and presented below in the Table. Major agricultural products of the district are Paddy, Nagli, Pulses,
Oilseeds, Spices and Flowers. Though the potential of power generation for biomass is estimated to be
93MWe for the entire district, apparently there is no potential of power generation from biomass within the
Kalyan Dombivli city.
Table 28 : Biomass Resource
District
Thane
Thane
Area
(kHa)
149.7
593
Crop
Production
(kT/Yr)
356.5
NA
Biomass
Generation
(kT/Yr)
591
854
Biomass
Surplus
(kT/Yr)
105.4
577.2
Power
Potential
(MWe)
12.5
80.8
Biomass Class
Agro
Forest & wasteland
39
4.1.4. Waste generation
Waste generation data for Kalyan Dombivli Municipal area for the last 5 year is presented in the table given
below.
Table 29 :
Year
Solid waste
Generation
(MT/day)
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
500
520
540
560
580
600
Solid Waste Generation Data
Paper
Products
39.5
41.08
42.66
44.24
45.82
47.4
Food
300
312
324
336
348
360
Waste Composition
Wood /
Plant debris
Textiles
35
10
36.4
10.4
37.8
10.8
39.2
11.2
40.6
11.6
42
12
% Other Waste
(inorganic)
115.5
120.12
124.74
129.36
133.98
138.6
4.1.5. Liquid Waste from Sewage Treatment Plant
Kalyan Dombivli has two Sewage Treatment Plants. The first sewage treatment plant has a capacity of
treating 14 MLD and the second one has the capacity of 16 MLD.
RE Strategy for Residential sector
4.2.
With projected population of 14.67 lakh (2010) and 3.05 lakh households, the residential sector is the major
energy consumer in the Kalyan Dombivli city. The residential sector consumes 81% of total electricity
consumption of 968MU in Kalyan Dombivli city. The sector consumed 981MU of energy, which includes
primarily electricity and LPG. Electricity is the major fraction (79%) of energy consumed by the residential
sector. Use of renewable system to cater a part of energy demand in residential sector can substantially
reduce fossil fuel consumption and green house gas emission. Different renewable energy options have
been proposed based on technology available and economic feasibility. Only those renewable energy
devices are recommended which are technically proven, commercially available and attractive in terms of
financial benefit from energy savings.
(i)
Installation of Solar Water Heating System
In 2006, Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) made it compulsory for all the newly constructed
buildings to install solar energy system for heating water as geysers and water heaters consume lots of
electricity. Since then, no building in the suburb has been issued No Objection Certificate (NOC) and
Occupancy Certificate on completion unless the solar system is installed.
The target in 5 years for introduction of SWHs is set at 10% of residential consumers who are already using
electric geysers for their daily hot water requirement. Introduction of solar water heating system could save
up to 15.4 MU energy per year. Cost implication and energy savings potential is presented in the table below.
40
Table 30 : Target for SWHs installation in Kalyan Dombivli City
Single Household
Unit
Average size of domestic SWH (2 sqm collector area)
100/125
LPD
Total energy saved per year
1575
kWh
Indicative cost of installation
20000
INR
MNRE Subsidy @Rs.1100.00 per sqm
2200
Cost of energy savings
Payback period
5512.5
INR
3
Years
305289
Nos.
Target for entire city
Total Residential household
Residential household using geysers
Target to replace electric geyser by SWH in 5 years
Average size of domestic SWH (2 sqm collector area)
32%
10%
100/125
LPD
Number of SWH to be installed in 5 years plan
9769
Nos.
Total collector area in sqm
19538
Sqm
15.4
MU
1953.85
Lakh
MNRE Subsidy @Rs.1100.00 per sqm
214.92
Lakh
538.53
Lakh
3
Years
12463
Tonnes
Payback period
Emission reduction per year
(ii) Use of Solar cookers (Box and dish type)
Both box type solar cooker and dish type solar cooker can be promoted in the urban areas. Box type solar
cooker is an ideal device for domestic cooking during most of the year, except for the monsoon season and
cloudy days. It however cannot be used for frying or chapatti making. It is durable and simple to operate. On
the other hand, dish type solar cooker can be used for indoor cooking. The stagnation temperature at the
bottom of the cooking pot could be over 300oC depending upon the weather conditions. The temperatures
attained with this cooker are sufficient for roasting, frying and boiling. Regular use of a box type solar cooker
may save 3-4 LPG cylinders per year. The use of solar cooker to its full capacity may result in savings up to 10
LPG cylinders per year at small establishments. Setting a target of 5% residential consumer to adopt solar
cooker (75% box type and 25% dish type) in the 5 years period, a total of 0.43 million kg of LPG could be
saved by reducing 1491 tonnes of GHG from Kalyan Dombivli City (considering specific emission from LPG as
0.24 kg CO2 per kWh).
Table 31 : Target for introducing solar cooker in Kalyan Dombivli City
Solar Cooker for residential use
Household having facility to install a solar cooker
Target for introducing of solar cooker in 5 years
Number of Solar Cooker to be installed in 5 years plan
Average savings of LPG domestic cylinder per year (14kg)
305289
40%
5%
6106
5
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
41
Total LPG saved per year
Indicative cost of installation (75% box type & 25% SK-14)
MNRE subsidy for solar cooker @30%
Payback period
427405
6.21
160.28
48.08
106.85
1.05
1491
kg
MU
Lakh
Lakh
Lakh
Years
Tonnes
(iii) Solar lanterns to replace kerosene lamps
Solar lantern has the average capacity of providing three hours of continuous light from a single charge per
day, and can work as source of light for poor families without electricity. Kerosene is the main source of
burning light in poor families in Kalyan Dombivli particularly during load shedding hours and survey results
reveal that 14% of population use kerosene lanterns during load shedding to illuminate their houses.
Average consumption of kerosene per household is 9 litres per month. Assuming a household uses 3-4
lanterns, consumption of one lantern will be about 3 litres per month. Targeting 10% of population to
replace at least one kerosene lantern with solar lantern out of 14% of total population who uses kerosene
lamps a 0.46 million litres of kerosene could be saved reducing 1172 tonnes of GHG per year. Detailed
techno commercial is provided in the table below.
Table 32 : Target for introducing solar lanterns in Kalyan Dombivli City
Capacity of residential Solar Home System
Number lights per Solar Lantern
Number of Kerosene lamp replaced by SL
Consumption of kerosene per lanterns/month
Cost of kerosene per litre in the market
Cost of kerosene per year per household
Indicative cost of installing a SL
MNRE subsidy @50%
Payback period when replacing the kerosene lamps
Residential household use kerosene lamps
Target to replace kerosene lamp in 5 years
Number of SL to be installed in 5 years plan
Total kerosene lamp replaced
Kerosene saved
Savings in terms of Electricity
Cost of kerosene savings
MNRE subsidy @50%
Payback period
10
1
1
3
20
720
3000
1500
2.1
305289.00
14%
10%
12822
12822.1
384.66
461597
4.64
92.32
192.33
2.1
1172
Unit
Wp
Nos.
Nos.
Litres
INR
INR
INR
INR
years
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
Litres
MU
Lakh
Lakh
years
Tonnes
42
(iv) Use Solar Home Systems (SHS)
A Solar Home System is a fixed indoor lighting system and consists of solar PV module, battery and balance of
systems. Capacity of such system could be of 18Wp, 37Wp and 74Wp for different configuration. The
luminaries used in the above systems comprise compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) of 7 W / 9 W / 11 W capacity
respectively. The fan is of DC type with less than 20 W rating. One Battery of 12 V, 40 / 75 Ah capacity is also
provided with SPV modules of 37Wp / 74Wp as required. The system will work for about 4 hours daily, if
charged regularly. The Solar Home Lighting systems have been proposed to replace kerosene lamps used by
14% population in Kalyan Dombivli Municipality area during load shedding hours. A 74Wp Solar Home
System can replace 3-4 kerosene lamps with 4-5 hours backup hence replacing entire need of kerosene,
which is estimated at an average of 9 litres per month per household. Assuming 10% replacement in the
planned 5 years period an estimated amount of 0.67 million litres of kerosene could be saved reducing 1707
tonnes of GHG emission from the city. The potential of kerosene replacement with Solar Home Systems and
financial implication thereon is indicated in the table below.
Table 33 :
Target for introducing solar home system in Kalyan Dombivli City
Single residential household
Unit
Capacity of residential Solar Home System
74
Wp
Number lights per Solar Home System
4
Nos.
Number of Kerosene lamp replaced by SHS
4
Nos.
Consumption of kerosene per household/month (survey result)
13
Litres
Cost of kerosene per litre in the market
20
INR
Cost of kerosene saved per year per household
3144
INR
Indicative cost of installing a SHS
16000
INR
MNRE subsidy @50%
8000
INR
2.5
Years
Payback period when replacing the kerosene lamps
Target for the Entire City
Residential household use kerosene lamps
Unit
305289
Nos.
14%
Target to replace kerosene lamp in 5 years
10%
Number of SHS to be installed in 5 years plan
4274
Nos.
Total kerosene lamp replaced
17096.2
Nos.
683.85
Lakh
672
KL
7
MU
Cost of kerosene savings
134
Lakh
MNRE Subsidy @50%
342
Lakh
2.5
Years
1707
Tonnes
Kerosene saved
Savings in terms of Electricity
Payback period
(v) Using Solar PV for Home Inverters
Use of solar panels to charge Home Inverter system could be an attractive option as standby power supply
system during load shedding hours. The power supply situation in Kalyan Dombivli is very poor. About 5-6
43
hours load shedding occurs per day in most of the places of Kalyan Dombivli city. About 58% of residential
consumer use inverters during load shedding hours. Assuming that 15% of HH who are already using inverters
will adopt the 250 Wp solar PV systems to charge their inverter battery, an aggregate of 6.64MWp solar PV
systems could be installed in the residential buildings, which will generate 9.96 MU green energy per year and
reduce the load demand and emission by 8067.64 tonnes per year. It is assumed that MNRE will provide 50%
subsidy for these system. The potential of energy savings, green house gas emission reduction and
budgetary financial implication is indicated in the table below.
Table 34 : Target for introducing Solar PV for Home Inverters in Kalyan Dombivli City
Solar PV for Home Inverters
Unit
Capacity of solar PV system for Home Inverter
250
Wp
Indicative cost of incorporating Solar PV to Home Inverter
30000
INR
305289
Nos.
Residential household use Inverter during load shedding
58%
Target to introduce solar charger for inverter in 5 years
15%
Number of solar inverter to be installed in 5 years plan
26560
Nos.
Total PV capacity installed
6640
kWp
Energy generated by PV arrays per year
9.96
MU
Cost of energy saved
349
Lakh
7968
Lakh
MNRE subsidy @50%
3984
Lakh
11
Years
8067.64
Tonnes
Payback period
(vi) Using Solar PV for replacement of DG/ Kerosene Generator sets
Due to poor power supply situation, about 20% of resident of Kalyan Dombivli use typically 5-10kW DG/
kerosene generator sets during the load shedding hours. Solar PV power packs can be used to replace those
polluting generator sets with high operating cost. A 1000 Wp solar PV power pack has been considered for
an average household in Kalyan Dombivli. For 5-year framework 10 % households have been taken into
consideration for replacement of DG /kerosene sets with solar PV systems with a target to save 7.33 million
litres of diesel per year reduce GHG in the tune of 18610 tonnes per year.
Table 35 : Target for replacement of diesel generator sets with PV Power Pack in Kalyan Dombivli City
Solar PV for replacement of DG/ Kerosene Generator sets
Capacity of solar PV system
Indicative cost of Solar power pack
Unit
1
kWp
2.00
Lakh
305289
Nos.
Residential household use generators during load shedding
20%
Target to introduce solar power pack in 5 years
10%
Number of solar power pack to be installed in 5 years plan
6106
Nos.
6106
kWp
9.16
MU
44
Typical generator set used
Average fuel consumption per day for 4-6 hours load shedding
Amount of diesel saved per year for entire city
Cost of Diesel saved
MNRE subsidy @50%, subject to maximum of Rs.1.00 Lakh per kWp
Payback period
5-10
6
7327
litres
KL
2930.77
Lakh
12211.56
Lakh
6105.78
Lakh
2.08
Emission reduction per year for replacement of diesel
kW
18610
Years
Tonnes
(vii) RE systems for residential Apartments/ housing complexes
Kalyan Dombivli has more than 8000 registered residential apartment building societies in the city with
average number of 25 families in each society. Solar water heaters and solar PV power plants are
considered to be most viable renewable energy devices for the existing and well as new residential
complexes.
Table 36 : RE system for residential apartments
Number of residential apartment complex society
8000
Number of residential apartment per society
10%
Number of Residential Apartments Blocks to Introduce RE system
800
Average number of Residence in each apartment Block
25
Solar Water Heater System
Average size of Solar water heaters
Total capacity of SWH to be installed in 5 years plan
2000
LPD
1600000
LPD
Total collector area in sqm
32000
Sqm
18.9
MU
1600.00
Lakh
MNRE subsidy @Rs.1900.00 per sqm
608.00
Lakh
Beneficiary/ State/ KDMC share
992.00
Lakh
661.50
Lakh
1.50
years
16000
Tonnes
12.5
kWp
15
Lakh
Total capacity of PV systems for targeted apartments for 5 years
10000
kWp
15.00
MU
Payback period
Solar PV Power Plant for Back up power
Capacity of solar PV system for single apartment of 50 Residence
Indicative cost of incorporating Solar PV to Home Inverter
525
Lakh
12000
Lakh
MNRE subsidy @50%
6000
Lakh
6000
Lakh
11
years
12150
Tonnes
Payback period
45
(viii)
Summary of RE strategy for Residential Sector
Implementation of renewable energy projects as proposed above will save 83.02MU energy per year, which
will reduce GHG of 69231 tonnes per year. When achieved the target, residential sector strategy will meet
49.41% of total target for energy savings for the city as per mandate of development of solar city. The entire
target could be achieved with a total investment of about Rs.345.62 in the 5 years period where contribution
from MNRE will be about Rs.163.00cr with existing schemes and balance fund could be met from users, state
or other funding agencies. It is recommended that promotion of solar water heaters in residential sector
should be given higher priority, as energy savings from solar water heaters is the highest.
Table 37 : Summary of RE Strategy for Residential sector in Kalyan Dombivli City
RE Strategy for residential sector
Units
of
Target
Target
Capacity
Investment
(Lakh)
Installation of Solar water Heaters
Nos.
9769
1953.85
Use of solar cookers
Nos.
6106
Use of Solar Lantern
Nos.
Use of Solar Home Lighting System
Nos.
Use of Solar Home inverter
Nos.
Use of PV for replacing DG sets
Nos.
Solar Water Heaters for Residential
LPD
Solar PV Power Pack for Residential
kWp
MNRE
subsidy
(Lakh)
User’s
contribu
tion
(Lakh)
Energ
y
Saved
per
214.92
1738.93
15.39
Emission
s
Reductio
ns
(T
)
12463
160.28
48.08
112.19
6.21
1491
12822
384.66
192.33
192.33
4.64
1172
4274
683.85
341.92
341.92
6.76
1707
26560
7968.04
3984.02
3984.02
6106
6105.78
6105.78
9.16
8068
18610
1600000
608.00
992.00
18.90
9.96
1861
16000
8000
4800.00
34562.24
4800.00
16295.0
6
12.00
18267.1
8
0
9720
83.02
16000
12150
69231
4.3. RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector
The commercial and institutional sector is the second highest consumer of energy in Kalyan Dombivli city. The
sector consumes about 13% of total electricity consumed in the city with its 354 educational institutes, 220
medical service facilities, 5 hotels and 725 odd restaurants. Different strategies are prepared for different
categories of consumers based on type and quantum of energy consumed and availability of resource and
space to generate renewable energy in their premises. While preparing the strategy, only techno
economically viable and commercially available renewable energy options are considered.
4.3.1. RE Strategy for Hotels
Kalyan Dombivli city does not have much of the big hotels. The city has 5 budget hotels and other
commercial accommodations facilities. Some case studies are made to assess renewable energy and energy
conservation measures in hotels. Major energy requirement such as hot water and electricity during load
shedding hours could be met by solar energy. Solar thermal system can be used to generate hot water or
steam for cooking. Solar PV power plant can be used to reduce or eliminate use of diesel generators which
are being used during load shedding hours. Apart from that hotels also generate bio waste which can be
46
used to produce biogas through bio-methanation process. Solar pumps and solar garden lights can be used
for sprinkling water and beautification.
(i)
Renewable Energy Systems for Budget Hotels cum Bar & Restaurant
Hotel Raja has been chosen as the case study site for a budget hotels’ energy consumption portfolio. The
tables below give us the energy appliances utilized by a typical budget hotel in Kalyan Dombivli. Based on the
energy baseline scenario specific renewable energy systems have been proposed which can help in energy
saving at the case study site. The occupancy of the hotel has been taken to be 50% for the calculations
mentioned below.
Table 38 : Case Study of Budget Hotel cum Bar & Restaurant
Location of the Hotel
Kalyan Dombivli
No of rooms
16
Nos.
Roof Area available
150
sqm
Shadow free open space at ground
15
sqm
Average Load Shedding
4
Hours/day
1620
kg
82.5
KVA
48
liters/ day
Monthly LPG consumption for cooking
Standby Power Supply System:
Diesel Generator 1 (off peak load)
Average consumption of diesel per day
Electrical Energy Demand:
Electrical Appliances
No
Ope
ratin
g
Hou
rs
Wattage
of the
device
(in watt)
Load
(kW)
Energy
consumpti
on /day at
50%
occupancy
(kWh)
Ceiling Fans (throughout the year)
16
12
60
0.96
5.76
Air Conditioner (throughout the year)
16
10
1800
28.8
144.00
Electric Geyser (throughout the year)
16
2
1750
28
28.00
Television
16
10
100
1.6
8.00
Incandescent (light Bulb)
16
10
60
0.96
4.80
Compact Fluorescent
32
6
15
0.48
1.44
Fluorescent (Long, 4 Feet Tube)
16
10
55
0.88
4.40
Ceiling fans
14
12
60
0.84
10.08
Air conditioner
16
10
1800
28.8
288.00
168
6
15
2.52
15.12
Fluorescent (Long, 4 Feet Tube)
4
10
55
0.22
2.20
Incandescent (Light Bulb)
4
10
60
0.24
2.40
Refrigerators/ Freezer
4
8
560
2.24
17.92
Television
1
8
100
0.1
0.80
Water pump
2
4
3750
7.5
30.00
Computers
1
24
100
0.1
2.40
Printer
1
10
100
0.1
1.00
104
566.00
Guest Rooms
Common area and other facilities
Compact Fluorescent
Total energy consumption
47
The renewable energy systems proposed for the budget hotel in Kalyan Dombivli are enlisted in the tables
below. The techno –economics of installing the RE systems has also been provided.
Solar Water Heating system to replace geysers and preheating of water for
Approximate area required for installation
Indicative cost of the system
MNRE subsidy @1400.00 per m2
Energy savings per day average
Considering 4 months use of geyser (using 75% of water) & 12 months of hot
water for cooking (using 25% of water) savings per year will be
Savings of electricity per year
Savings of LPG per year
Annual cost savings from saving electricity
Annual cost savings from saving LPG
Total savings
Payback period
Emission reduction
Rooftop PV system for diesel abetment
Approximate area required
Indicative cost of the system with 1 day battery backup
MNRE Subsidy @Rs.1.00lakh per kWp
Approximate annual energy generation
Fraction of DG power replaced
Amount of diesel saved per year
Cost savings from diesel per year
Annual O&M Cost of DG sets
Payback period
Emission reduction
Biogas system
Organic Waste from kitchen and other services per day
Biogas plant recommended
Investment
MNRE subsidy @50%
User’s share
LPG saved per year
Energy in terms of MU savings per year
Cost savings per year
Payback period
Emission Reduction per year
2000
60
350000
84000
70
12688
LPD
sqm
INR
INR
kWh
kWh
6300
6388
439.38
31500
17575
49075
5
10
30
30
7500000
3000000
45000
47%
8182
327273
75000
11
36
kWh
kWh
kg
INR
INR
INR
years
tones
kWp
sqm
INR
INR
kWh
litres
INR
INR
years
tonne
30
3
0.5
0.25
0.25
438
0.00636
0.1752
1.43
0.267
kg
CuM
Lakh
Lakh
Lakh
kg
MU
Lakh
Years
Tonn
4.3.2. Renewable Energy Systems for Restaurants
Kalyan Dombivli has a number of restaurants and eateries. The city has more than 700 restaurants and which
are categorised as large restaurant, medium restaurants/Dhabas and small restaurants. Solar water heaters
can easily be introduced in these restaurants to meet their hot water demand for cooking and utensil
48
cleaning. Since all the restaurants are using DG sets as standby power supply source during load shedding,
PV power plant will be an attractive and profitable option for the restaurants
Cart food is very popular in Kalyan Dombivli. These carts serve piping hot traditional North Indian food and
hence are preferred by all. There are hundreds of food cart which use kerosene or gas operated lights for
illumination. Solar Lanterns will be a profitable and attractive option for these food cart operators.
(i)
RE strategy for Restaurants
Restaurants have been separately taken up for case studies as innumerable such establishments are found
across India which are huge energy guzzlers. Kalyan Dombivli city also has innumerable restaurants of which
Gurudev restaurant has been chosen as a case study site.
Table 39 : Case Study of Restaurant
Location of the Restaurant
Kalyan Dombivli
Roof Area available
150
Connected load
50
kW
4
Hours/day
2700
kg
100-120
Kg/day
65
KVA
11.52
kL
Monthly LPG consumption for cooking
Organic waste generated
sqm
Standby Power Supply:
Diesel Generator
Average consumption of diesel per year
Ceiling Fans (12 months)
Air Conditioner (12 months)
Micro oven
Milk Chiller
Deep Freezer
Compact Fluorescent
Air conditioner for cold
Television
Water pump 1
Water pump 2
Computers
Printer
OTG
Total
Nos.
Operati
ng
5
4
5
1
1
123
2
3
2
1
12
1
1
12
10
6
8
8
12
10
8
4
4
24
3
4
Load
(W)
60
2000
1000
740
560
20
1500
100
1500
1000
100
100
800
Total
Load
0.30
8.00
5.00
0.74
0.56
2.46
3.00
0.30
3.00
1.00
1.20
0.10
0.80
26.46
Energy
consump
3.60
80.00
30.00
5.92
4.48
29.52
30.00
2.40
12.00
4.00
28.80
0.30
3.20
Use
per
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
365.00
Energy
Consumpt
1314
29200
10950
2161
1635
10775
10950
876
4380
1460
10512
110
1168
85490
Based on the portfolio of energy consumption in the restaurant following renewable energy systems have
been recommended to save energy. The techno economics of installing the PV system is provided below.
49
Solar Water Heating system to replace LPG for preheating of water for cooking:
1000
LPD
30
sqm
150000
INR
MNRE subsidy @1400.00 per m
42000
INR
Savings of LPG per year
35
12775
kWh
kWh
878.76
kg
2
Annual cost savings from saving LPG
35150
INR
3.07
years
Emission reduction
8
tonnes
20
kWp
20
sqm
4500000
INR
MNRE Subsidy @Rs.75.00 per Wp
1500000
INR
30000
kWh
Payback period
40%
4552
litres
182086
INR
50000
INR
Payback period
13
years
Emission reduction
24
tonnes
100-120
kg
Biogas plant recommended
10
CuM
Investment
0.5
Lakh
MNRE subsidy @50%
0.25
Lakh
User’s share
0.25
Lakh
LPG saved per year
1460
kg
Energy in terms of MU savings per year
0.02
MU
Cost savings per year
0.58
Lakh
Payback period
0.43
Years
Emission Reduction per year
0.89
Tonnes
Biogas system
Organic Waste from kitchen and other services per day
(ii)
Summary of RE strategy for Restaurants
Introduction of RE system in 25% of restaurants in Kalyan Dombivli city as described in the table below will
save 1.85MU of energy per year and reduce GHG emission by 1518.81 tonnes. Introduction of solar water
heater system should be given prime importance followed by biogas system and solar PV system for diesel
abatement.
50
Table 40 : Summary of RE strategy for Restaurants
Restaurants
Numbers
RE System Proposed
SWH/SC PV system Biogas/
system
kWp
Biomass
LPD/
system
Nos.
(cum)
Energy
Savings (MU)
Total Emission
reduction
Tonnes/ year
Large Restaurants
Medium Restaurants/ Dhabas
Small Restaurants
Food Cart
Aggregate
50
100
350
225
725
250000
100000
70000
0
420000
1250
50.00
87.50
0.02
1388
500
500
1050
0.00
2050
4.83
1.26
0.96
0.34
7.39
4069.50
1105.50
900.20
0.02
6075.22
Target 25% for 5 years
Total investment (Lakh INR)
MNRE subsidy (Lakh INR)
Beneficiary’s contribution (Lakh INR)
181
105000
105
29
76
347
780
347
434
513
51.25
25.63
25.63
1.85
1518.81
* Replacing kerosene by using 2 lanterns in one cart
4.3.3. Renewable Energy Systems for Hospitals
The Kalyan Dombivli city has 220 health care facilities, which includes two hospitals owned by Municipal
Corporation with more than 100 beds each, a railway hospital with 50 beds, one maternity with 30 beds and
some small hospitals with 15-20 beds capacity each. Apart from that the city has other health care facilities
like dispensaries, dental clinic, microsurgery, day care centre and pathological laboratories.
To portray the energy consumption scenario in these facilities a 50 and 20 bed Hospitals have been chosen
in Kalyan Dombivli city. Detailed energy consumption data have been collected and specific
recommendations for renewable energy systems have been made. An average occupancy of 75% has been
considered for making all calculations.
(i)
Renewable Energy Systems for 50 bedded Hospital
Wockhardt Hospital has been chosen as the case study site for a 50 bed hospital in Kalyan Dombivli. The
general details and the energy consumption pattern of the hospital are mentioned in the tables below.
Table 41 : Case Study of 50 bedded hospital
Location of the Hospital
No of beds
Roof Area available
Connected Load
Average electricity bills per month
Average occupancy
Diesel Generator 1 (off peak load)
Diesel Generator 2 (peak load)
Kalyan Dombivli
50
Nos.
200
sqm
150
KVA
4
Hours/day
1.00
Lakh
75%
75
125
72
KVA
KVA
Liters/ day
51
Electrical
Nos.
Appliances
Opera
ting
Hours
Watt/
unit
Load
(kW)
Energy
consumption
/day at 100%
occupancy
(kWh)
Energy
consumption
/day at 75%
occupancy
(kWh)
Utilizatio
n /year
Energy
Consump
tion per
year
Ceiling Fans
70
12
60
4.2
50.40
37.80
270
10206
Air Conditioner
20
10
1800
36
360.00
270.00
150
40500
Electric Geyser
30
4
1750
52.5
210.00
157.50
120
18900
200
10
55
11
110.00
82.50
365
30113
Fluorescent tube
Water pump
2
4
8820
17.64
70.56
70.56
365
25754
Computers
6
24
100
0.6
14.40
14.40
365
5256
Printer
2
3
100
0.2
0.60
0.60
365
219
Auto clave
2
2
5000
10
20.00
20.00
365
7300
132
836.00
653.00
138248
Based on the energy demand in this building the following renewable energy systems have been
recommended for the 100 bedded hospitals.
Solar Water Heating system to replace geysers and preheating of
MNRE subsidy @1400.00 per m2
Electricity savings per year
Payback period
Emission reduction
Rooftop PV system for diesel abatement
MNRE Subsidy @Rs.75 per Wp
Payback period
Emission reduction
(ii)
3000
90
750000
126000
157.5
57488
287437.5
2.17
47
30
30
67.50
22.50
45000
51%
13500
5.40
0.75
7
36
LPD
sqm
INR
INR
kWh
kWh
Lakh
years
tonnes
kWp
sqm
Lakh
Lakh
kWh
litres
Lakh
Lakh
years
tonnes
Renewable Energy Systems for 20 bedded Hospital
Shivam General Hospital has been chosen as the case study site for a 20 bedded hospital in Kalyan Dombivli.
It is one of the primary medical facilities in Kalyan Dombivli. The energy baseline scenario of the Hospital
reveals huge energy consumption on daily basis, supplemented by a high capacity diesel generator back-up
of 150 KVA. An average occupancy of 75% has been taken to provide the calculations given below.
52
Table 42 : Case Study for 20 bed hospital
Location of the Hospital
No of beds
Roof Area available
Premise area
Connected Load
Average electricity bills per annum
Average occupancy
Diesel Generator 1
Diesel Generator 2
Kalyan Dombivli
20
200
450
80
5
10.00
75%
Nos.
sqm
sqm
kW
Hours/day
Lakh
50
100
52
KVA
KVA
Liters/ day
Nos.
Operatin
g Hours
Watt/
unit
Load
(kW)
Energy
consumpti
on /day at
100%
occupancy
(kWh)
Energy
consumpti
on /day at
75%
occupancy
(kWh)
Utilizat
ion
/year
Energy
Consump
tion per
year
Table Fans
10
10
60
0.60
6.00
4.50
365
1643
Ceiling Fans
50
18
60
3.00
54.00
40.50
365
14783
Air Conditioner
15
10
1800
27.00
270.00
202.50
365
73913
Television
25
7
100
2.50
17.50
13.13
365
4791
Refrigerator
5
10
250
1.25
12.50
9.38
365
3422
Autoclaves
2
6
8820
17.64
105.84
79.38
365
28974
Water Pump
2
6
1000
2.00
12.00
9.00
365
3285
Incandescent 60 watt
20
20
60
1.20
24.00
18.00
365
6570
Incandescent 100 watt
20
20
100
2.00
40.00
30.00
365
10950
Compact Fluorescent
40
20
11
0.44
8.80
6.60
365
2409
Fluorescent Tube, Long
20
20
40
0.80
16.00
12.00
365
4380
Computers
15
20
150
2.25
45.00
33.75
365
12319
4
4
100
0.40
1.60
1.20
365
438
61.08
613.24
459.93
Printers
Total
167874
Recommended Renewable Energy Systems
The energy consumption baseline assessment of the 50 bedded hospital in Kalyan Dombivli, lead to the
recommendation of Solar water heater to address the daily hot water requirement and PV systems for diesel
abatement.
53
Solar Water Heating system to replace geysers and preheating
of water for cooking:
2
MNRE subsidy @1400.00 per m
Electricity savings per year
Payback period
Emission reduction
MNRE Subsidy @Rs.75 per Wp
Payback period
Emission reduction
(iii)
2000
60
400000
84000
105
23625
118125
2.68
19
LPD
sqm
INR
INR
kWh
kWh
INR
years
tonnes
20
20
4500000
1500000
30000
67%
12653
506133
150000
5
24
kWp
sqm
INR
INR
kWh
litres
INR
INR
years
tonnes
Summary of RE strategy for Hospitals
The analysis of the above two case studies of a 50 bedded hospital and a 20 bedded hospital in Kalyan
Dombivli has revealed the huge energy consumption patterns in sector. Hospitals are a growing
infrastructure need of any developing city. Hence the source to future energy consumptions lies in the
proper streamlining of energy consumption patterns in these building sectors. Policy mandates and
programmes for facilitating the adoption/installation of renewable energy technology in these building type
will be a milestone for future energy savings. Adoption of Renewable energy systems in 25% of the hospitals
will save 1.80MU energy per year reducing GHG emission by 1507 tonnes per year. The payback period for
solar water heater system for hospitals is about one year only due maximum use of hot water in health care
facility.
Table 43 : Summary of RE systems for Hospitals
Hospitals
Small hospitals and nursing homes < 50 beds
Hospitals with 50-100 beds
Aggregate
Targeting 25% implementation
Investment (Lakh)
Beneficiary/state/KDMC contribution
Nos.
190
30
220
55
RE System
SWH/SC
PV
380000
90000
470000
117500
117.5
33
85
190
900
1090
273
613
273
341
Energy
4.77
2.41
7.19
1.80
Total
4031.80
1998.00
6029.80
1507.45
54
4.3.4. Renewable Energy Systems for Educational Institutes
Educational institutes are major establishments in the commercial sector of a city. Although they are not
major source of energy consumption in the city yet they account for a substantial degree of energy
utilization. The official website of Kalyan Dombivli gives the following figures of educational institutes in
Kalyan Dombivli. The city has 308 primary/ nursery schools, 41 intermediate and high schools, two
engineering colleges, five degree colleges. The government primary schools provide free mid-day meal to its
students. Community solar cookers can be used to cook mid-day meal in these schools. The institutes
having hostels can use solar water heater to supply hot water to the bath rooms and the kitchen thereby
providing bathing comfort to the students and hot water for cooking.
(i) Use of Solar cookers for cooking mid-day meals in primary schools
Solar Cookers can have an apt utilization for cooking mid-day meals in primary schools. Assuming 50% of the
schools in Kalyan Dombivli have a mid-day meal programme a target of 50% for the framework of 5 years has
been considered.
Table 44 : Target for Introducing Solar Cookers in Primary Schools
Total no of schools
Schools providing mid day meal for students
Target for introducing of solar cooker in 5 years
Number of Solar Cooker to be installed in 5 years plan
Average savings of LPG domestic cylinder per year (14kg)
Total LPG saved per year
MNRE subsidy for solar cooker @30%
Payback period
306
62%
50%
95
10
13280
0.19
18.97
5.69
13.28
3.32
4.00
46
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
kg
MU
Lakh
Lakh
Lakh
Lakh
years
Tonnes
(ii) Summary of RE strategy for Educational Institutes
The two renewable energy options can effectuate a considerable energy saving in educational institutes are
the solar water heaters and solar PV systems. The potential for energy savings in different educational
institutes in Kalyan Dombivli is tabulated below. The figures give a gross idea about the financial implications
and emission reductions rendered by installation of the aforementioned renewable energy systems.
55
Table 45 : Summary of RE strategy for educational institutes
RE System Proposed
Educational Institutes
Numbers
Primary Schools/ Nursery
Intermediate & High schools
Engineering Colleges
Degree Colleges
Aggregate
Target 25% in 5 years
Investment (Lakh INR)
Beneficiary/state/KDMC contribution
306
41
2
5
354
89
SWH/SC
system
PV system
LPD/ Nos.
95
0
10000
2500
12500
3125
22
11
12
kWp
Biogas/
Biomass
Energy
Savings
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.19
0.02
0.13
0.07
0.41
0.10
77
10
10
25
122
30
68
30
38
Total
Emission
Tonnes/
46.34
12.51
112.20
55.50
226.54
56.64
(iv)
Summary of RE strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector
The target of RE strategy for commercial and institutional sector is to achieve about 3% of total energy
savings requirement. The strategy, once implemented fully will save 5MU of energy per year and reduce GH
of 3187.33 tonnes per year. The primary focus should be given to introduction of solar water heaters for
hotels, restaurants, hospitals and other residential institutes, which will save 1.80MU per year. Solar PV
power plant should be introduced for diesel abatement in the establishment that are using diesel sets as
standby power supply source. The restaurants and hotels that has considerable amount of food and organic
waste, should introduce biogas system. Use of solar cooker for preparing mid-day meal in primary schools
will be an attractive option to save LPG for cooking and creation of awareness and demonstration about use
of renewable energy devices among school children.
Table 46 : RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector
RE Strategy for Commercial
and Institutional sector
Solar Cooker for mid-day
meal in schools
Solar Water Heaters for
Hotels, Restaurants,
Solar PV Power Plant for
Hotels, Restaurants,
Biogas for Hotels and
Restaurants
Pote
ntial
User
s
Target
Users
(Nos.)
Units
of
Target
Target
Capaci
ty
Total
Investm
ent
(Lakh)
MNRE
subsid
y
(Lakh)
Sate/
KDMC/
Benefici
ary's
Amou
nt of
Energ
y
Emission
s
Reductio
ns per
18.97
5.69
13.28
0.19
46.34
247.60
73.72
173.88
2.70
2286.25
153
95
Nos.
1304
326
LPD
95
24362
5
1304
326
kWp
662
1490.20
662.31
827.89
0.99
808.02
730
183
CuM
525
52.50
26.25
26.25
1.11
46.73
1809.27
767.97
1041.30
5.00
3187.33
4.3.5. RE Strategy for Industrial Sector
The industry sector in Kalyan Dombivli consumes 3.40% of total electricity and considerable amount of coal,
diesel and LPG for its different manufacturing and process industries. Kalyan Dombivli City has about 1985
odd small and medium scale industries. On the eastern side of the Kalyan city, there is a large industrial
56
complex where electrical equipment, rayon, and dyes and other chemicals are manufactured. There are also
a large number of textile-based cottage industries. Dombivli is the home to many chemical manufacturing
units. Target should be made to introduce solar water heaters and PV power plants in the industries in
Kalyan Dombivli as shown in the table below. The system capacity assumed is average capacity and will vary
based on the size of the industry and energy requirement. Introducing proposed systems in 25% of the
industries will save 11.71MU of energy per year reducing 9747 tonnes of GHG emission.
Table 47 : RE Strategy for industrial sector in KDMC
RE System Proposed
Small Scale Industries
Nos.
SWH system
Energ
y
Savin
gs
Total
Emissio
n
reductio
0.12
97
159
0
PV system
159x0.5kWp
794
794x2000LPD
794x10kWp
30.67
25567
Rayon
496
496x1000
496x10kWp
13.30
11011
Dyes
397
198500
199
2.64
2227
139
0
139x0.5kWp
0.10
85
1985
2282500LPD
13248kWp
46.83
38987
496
570625
3312
11.71
9747
570.63
7451.72
94.15
3311.88
476.47
4139.84
Aggregate
Targeting 25% implementation
Investment (Lakh)
MNRE subsidy @Rs.1400.00
Beneficiary/state/KDMC
ib i
4.3.6. RE Strategy for Municipal Sector
The municipal sector of Kalyan Dombivli city consumes 3.10% of total electrical energy in the city. The
primary consumers in this sector are street lights, outdoor lights in parks and monuments, markets, office
buildings of the Municipal Corporation, water supply, sewerage treatment plant etc. Renewable energy
devices are suggested to all categories of consumers depending upon the energy demand. The sector has
ample opportunity to save energy through introducing renewable energy and energy conservation measures
and could show case these initiatives to encourage people to adopt further.
(i) Renewable Energy System for Municipality building and other Office Buildings
The main administrative building of the municipal corporation consumes about 0.55 MU of electricity per
year. The loads consume most of the energy are air conditioners, fans and lighting loads. A 70kWp PV Power
plant is recommended for the building to supply power during load shedding hours.
57
Table 48 : RE Strategy for KDMC municipal sector
Main Administrative Building, Municipal Corporation, KDMC
Name of the Building
Total premise area
23400
sqm
Built up area
3375
sqm
4
hours/day
Electrical appliances in
municipal building
Total
Nos.
Table fans
Ceiling Fans
Exhaust fans
Wall Fans
Air Conditioner I
Air Conditioner II
Air Conditioner III
Air Conditioner IV
Air Conditioner V
Television
Refrigerator
Electric Water Pump
Water Cooler
Incandescent
CFLs
Fluorescent Long
36 watt CFLs
Computers
TOTAL
34
241
44
10
42
2
4
6
2
2
2
2
5
38
30
766
80
250
Load
(W)
60
60
300
100
1800
9000
6000
3600
2400
100
200
11250
300
60
11
55
36
100
Total
Load
(kW)
2.04
14.46
13.20
1.00
75.60
18.00
24.00
21.60
4.80
0.20
0.40
22.50
1.50
2.28
0.33
42.13
2.88
25.00
271.92
Hours of
Operation
Consumption
/ Day (kWh)
9
9
9
9
6
6
6
6
6
4
1
4
4
4
5
8
4
10
18
130
119
9
454
108
144
130
29
1
0
90
6
9
2
337
12
250
1597
Annual
Utilization
(days)
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
Annual
Consumpti
on (kWh)
5508
39042
35640
2700
136080
32400
43200
38880
8640
240
120
27000
1800
2736
495
101112
3456
75000
554049
Recommended Renewable Energy System:
MNRE subsidy for diesel abetment @75.00/Wp
70
kWp
70
sqm
157.50
Lakh
52.50
Lakh
105000
kWh
27%
18981
Ltrs.
7.59
Lakh
Annual O&M Cost of Generator sets
2.00
Lakh
Payback period
11
years
Emission reduction
53
tonnes
58
(ii) Renewable Energy System for Markets
Kalyan Dombivli city does not has any particular market as such. The shops are scattered around. But there
are some shopping complexes in the city like one is Jhojhwaala shopping complex in the main city. These
kind of shopping complexes can be chosen in the city for installation of RE technologies like Solar PV and can
be replicated in other establishments as well.
Table 49 : RE Systems for Shopping Complexes
Unit
Capacity of solar PV system for Shops
Indicative cost of incorporating Solar PV to Shop's
inverter
Total no of shops in eight markets
Shops uses Inverter during load shedding
500
Wp
60000
INR
200
Nos.
100%
Target to introduce solar charger for inverter in 5 years
50%
Number of solar inverter to be installed in 5 years plan
100
Nos.
50
kWp
0.08
MU
4
Lakh
60
Lakh
MNRE subsidy @50%
30
Lakh
User's share
30
Lakh
8
years
61
Tonnes
Payback period
(iii)
RE System for Outdoors lighting (Streets, Traffic, Road safety etc.)
The city has about 10322 outdoor lights, which have been fixed for illumination streets, wards, etc. The
objective is to introduce one solar PV outdoor light in every three conventional lights so that minimum
illumination level is maintained during load shedding hours. The tables below indicate targets, investment
thereon and energy savings potential etc.
Table 50 : RE Systems for Outdoor lights, Road safety
Street Light Details
Existing SL
(Nos.)
Solar SL
(Nos.)
250/70 watt sodium points
40 watt tube light point
Simple Bulb Point
High Mast
400 watt flood light point
7011
454
2391
184
198
2337
151
797
61
66
Total
10238
3413
Targeting 50% in 5 years
PV module capacity (Wp)
Total PV Module capacity (kWp)
Total Investment (Lakh INR)
1706
40
68
256
59
MNRE subsidy @50% (Lakh INR)
KDMC/ State/ Beneficiary share (Lakh INR)
Energy Generated (MU per year)
Emission reduction (Tonnes per year)
Payback period (Years)
128
128
0.10
83
25
Table 51 : Summary of RE Strategy for outdoor light and road safety
RE Strategy for Kalyan Dombivli City Street and Road Safety
LED based solar Street Light in every 3 alternative existing
Total
Road Stud @ 1 stud in 2m for 50% of 91km main road
Investment
3413
1706
255.95
13
7
3.25
120
60
9.00
7500
1875
22.50
Solar PV Traffic Lights (2x74Wp) @
Solar Blinkers (37Wp) @
Target
Total Investment required (Lakh INR)
290.70
MNRE subsidy @50% (Lakh INR)
145.35
KDMC/State’s share(Lakh INR)
145.35
Energy saved (MU per year)
0.12
Emission reduction (Tonnes per year)
93.63
(iv)
Renewable Energy Systems for Parks
Kalyan Dombivli City has 16 ‘Municipal Parks’ where electrical energy is consumed for outdoor lighting and
water pumping for sprinkling irrigation. Solar PV outdoor lights and solar pumps are recommended for these
parks.
Table 52 : Renewable Energy Systems for Parks
No. of
Unit load (W)
Total
Hours of
Energy
Flood light
9
250
2.25
10
22.5
CFL outdoor light
50
20
1.00
10
10
Water Pump
1
1000
1.00
10
10
1270
4.25
30
42.5
Nos.
Capacity
Unit
Investme
30
74
Wp
6.64
1
1
kWp
1.75
Total
RE Options:
Options
Converting 50% of
Providing solar pump for
Table 53 : Summary of RE Strategy for Kalyan Dombivli Corporation Parks
Total Number of Parks in Kalyan Dombivli
Targeting 50% in 5 years
Total PV system capacity per park
Total investment
MNRE Subsidy @50%
KDMC/ state/ Park Operator
16
8
3.18
53.10
26.55
26.55
Nos.
Nos.
kWp
Lakh
Lakh
Lakh
60
Energy saved per year
Cost of electricity saved per year
Payback period
(v)
0.04
30.94
1.91
14
MU
Tonnes
Lakh
Years
Summary of RE Strategy for Municipal Sector
The Municipal sector can contribute 0.98MU energy savings per year through introducing RE devices in the
different municipal utilities and services reducing GHG emission by 795.44 tonnes per year.
Table 54 : Summary of RE Strategy for Municipal Sector in Kalyan Dombivli
RE Strategy for Municipal Sector
Units
of
Target
Target
Capacit
y
Total
Investme
nt (Lakh)
MNRE
subsidy
(Lakh)
Sate/
KDMC/
User's
Share
(Lakh)
Amount
of
Energy
Saved
(MU)
Emissions
Reductions
per year
(Tonnes)
70kWp PV Power Plant for
Municipal and other Office
Nos.
10
1575.00
788
787.50
0.75
610
LED based Solar Street Light
Nos.
1706
255.95
127.98
127.98
0.10
83
Solar PV Traffic Lights
Nos.
7
3.25
1.63
1.63
0.00
1
Solar Blinkers (37Wp)
Road Stud @ 1 stud in 2m for
50% of 30 km main road
Outdoor lights for Parks
Nos.
60
9.00
4.50
4.50
0.00
3
Nos.
1875
22.50
11.25
11.25
0.01
7
Nos.
236
53.10
26.55
26.55
0.03
21
Solar Pumps for Parks
PV system for Inverters in the
k h
Nos.
8
14.00
7.00
7.00
0.01
10
Nos.
100
60
30
30
0.08
61
1992.80
996.40
996.40
0.98
795.44
4.3.7. Waste to Energy Potential in Kalyan Dombivli
Discussion with MSW department in the KDMC, reveals the waste characterization for Municipal Solid waste
in Kalyan Dombivli to be as indicated in Table 55 :. Based on 2006 figures, the total waste quantity at
dumpsites and at the dustbins aggregated to 600 MT/day. The total waste generated can be classified as
biodegradable and non - biodegradable.
Table 55 : Municipal Solid Waste Characterization (2006)
Waste Composition
Bio-degradable
Non-biodegradable (Inert)
Total Waste
Per capita waste (Kg/capita/day)
Percentage Waste
45.00%
55.00%
100%
300 gms/day/person
Quantity (MT/Day)
270
330
600
A rough assessment of the potential of recovery of energy from MSW through different treatment methods
can be made from knowledge of its calorific value and organic fraction, as under. Since relevant details are
not available for Kalyan Dombivli, widely used estimates for municipal solid waste in India have been used.
61
(i)
Waste to Energy Potential through thermo-chemical conversion
In thermo-chemical conversion all of the organic matter, biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable,
contributes to the energy output. Total electrical energy generation potential is estimated to be 0.73MWe
and savings per year with 70% PLF is estimated as 4.46 MU.
Table 56 : Waste to Energy through thermo-chemical conversion
Unit
Total waste generated
Net Calorific Value (conservative estimate)
Energy recovery potential ( NCV x W x 1000/860)
Power generation potential
(ii)
25
Tonnes
2400
kcal/kg
69767
kWh
2907
kW
Conversion efficiency
25%
Net Power generation potential
0.73
Plant Load Factor
70%
MWe
Net electrical energy savings potential @70% PLF
4.46
MU
3610
Tonnes
Total Investment
509
Lakh
MNRE subsidy @ 50% subject to maximum of Rs.300.00 per MW
218
Lakh
State/City/Private Power Producer
291
Lakh
Cost savings
201
Lakh
Payback period
1.45
Years
Waste to Energy Potential through bio-methanation
In bio-chemical conversion, only the biodegradable fraction of the organic matter can contribute to the
energy output. It is estimated that a 0.26MWe electrical energy generation is possible from this process
which could save about 1.60 MU of energy every year assuming a 70% of PLF.
Table 57 : Waste to Energy through bio-methanation
Unit
Total waste generated
25
Tonnes
Total biodegradable volatile solid (VS)
30%
Typical digester efficiency
60%
Typical bio-gas yield (m3 / kg. of VS destroyed)
0.80
CuM/kg
Biogas yield
3600
CuM
calorific Value of bio-gas
5000.00
Energy recovery potential
20930.23
Power generation potential
872
Conversion efficiency
30%
Net Power generation potential
0.26
kcal/CuM
kWh
kW
MWe
Plant Load Factor
70%
Net electrical energy savings potential
1.60
MU
1299
Tonnes
Total Investment
MNRE subsidy @ R.200.00 lakh per MW
157
Lakh
52
Lakh
62
Cost savings
Payback period
(iii)
105
Lakh
72
Lakh
1.45
Years
Liquid Waste to Energy Potential from Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Kalyan Dombivli City has two sewage treatment plants through which approximately 30 MLD of wastewater
being treated every day. Energy consumption in these sewage treatment plants is about 1.63 MU per year
(2007-08). The produce of waste water treatment can be used as a raw material for anaerobic distention
and subsequent power generation. A very preliminary assessment shows that there is potential of
generating 1.05MWe power which could deliver 6.42 MU of electrical energy per year with 70% PLF. Surat
Municipal Corporation has established three such power plants with aggregate capacity of 3.50MWe with
financial support from MNRE which have been running successfully since several years. A detailed study has
to be made for Kalyan Dombivli to generate power from STPs.
Table 58 : Waste to Energy from Sewage Treatment Plant
Unit
Total waste water generated
30
MLD
Total biodegradable organic/ Volatile Solid available for Biomethanation
30
Tonnes/day
Typical Digestion Efficiency
Typical Biogas yield
Biogas yield
Electricity (kWh)
60%
0.8
cum / kg
14400
cum
83720.93
kWh
Capacity of the plant
3488.37
KW
Conversion Efficiency
30%
Total Electricity Generated
1.05
MWe
Plant Load Factor
70%
Net electrical energy savings potential
6.42
MU
5198
Tonnes
Total Investment
627.91
Lakh
MNRE subsidy @40% subject to maximum of Rs.200.00 lakh/MW
209.30
Lakh
418.60
Lakh
Cost savings
288.77
Lakh
1.45
Years
Payback period
(iv)
Summary of Waste to Energy Potential in Kalyan Dombivli City
Total solid waste generated in Kalyan Dombivli is 600MT/day and capacity of two waste treatment plants is
30 MLD. A very preliminary assessment for energy recovery from MSW and STPs has been done based on
the widely used assumptions and presented in the table below.
63
Table 59 : Summary of waste to energy potential in Kalyan Dombivli City
RE Strategy for Municipal
Sector
Units
of
Target
Targ
et
Capa
city
Total
Investm
ent
(Lakh)
MNRE
subsidy
(Lakh)
Amount
of Energy
Saved
(MU)
Emissions
Reductions
per year
(Tonnes)
218
Sate/
KDMC/
User's
Share
(Lakh)
291
Waste to Energy Potential
for thermo-chemical
conversion
Waste to Energy Potential
for bio-methanation
Liquid Waste to Energy
Potential from Sewage
Treatment Plant (STP)
MWe
0.73
509
4.46
3610
MWe
0.26
157
52
105
1.60
1299
MWe
1.05
628
209
419
6.42
5198
1293.60
479.65
813.95
12.48
10107.10
4.3.8. Application of biogas plants
Biogas from Kitchen Waste:
Using bio-methanation technology all domestic bio waste including wastewater
from the kitchen can be used to produce biogas. Use of domestic waste to produce
biogas will help in reducing consumption of cooking fuel and better waste
management in the cities. The municipal corporation will also save energy and
expenses in collection and disposal of such waste.
The biodegradable waste material and wastewater from the kitchen is fed into the
plant through the inlet chamber of the plant. This waste is converted into biogas
with the help of a special type of anaerobic bacteria. The main component of the
gas produced is methane. The space required for a domestic plant is about one
square meter. The portable plant developed by M/s Biotech can be installed in a day
depending upon the model of the plant. The gas generated from the waste of a
family of 3 -5 members is sufficient to operate for 2 hours per day in a single burner
stove. Typical payback period of such plant is about 2 years. The slurry in liquid form
can be used as fertilizer.
Biogas from Institutional Waste:
Conversion of bio waste generated in the iinstitutions like hostels,
hospitals, hostels, old age-homes, could be a highly attractive way
of reducing waste disposal hassle and save fuel for cooking and
making hot water. In the same time the cooking fuel consumption
of these Institutions is also very high. The solid Bio Manure /
Organic fertilizer generated from the pre digesters can be utilized as
a fertilizer.
64
Toilet attached Biogas Plant:
Like any other bio waste, human excreta can be treated through biomethanation process to produce biogas.
The night soil bas biogas plant can replace the conventional septic tank. Treated slurry coming out from the
plant can be utilized as liquid fertilizer. All other easily biodegradable waste can also be treated together
with human excreta in the same plant. Apart from residential apartments, the public institutions like hostels,
hostels, hospitals etc the toilets can be attached with large sized plants for treating the human wastes for
the production of biogas. The size of such plants is determined in accordance with the total number of
inmates of those institutions. The treatment plant can be installed either as a single unit or more units in
different locations. The installation of a night soil based biogas plant is more convenient during the building
construction time.
Sl.
No.
Plant Size
(CuM)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
6
Production of
gas per day
(CuM)
1
2-3
3-5
4-6
6-10
Suitable for
Family
Members
1-5
5-7
7-10
10-15
15-20
Max
Treatable
Waste (Kg)
2
3-5
5-8
8-12
10-20
Organic
Waste Water
(Litre)
20-25
25-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
Reference: http://www.biotech-india.org/
65
4.3.9. Solar Thermal for cooling
Introduction:
Solar energy can be used for the cooling purposes in place of conventional air conditioners used in large
commercial buildings now a day. The commercial establishments particularly hospitals, hotels and other
institutional buildings use huge amount of conventional energy to power the air conditioners used for the
cooling purposes in these commercial premises. Application of renewable energy for the cooling purposes
can save a substantial amount of energy and the resultant emissions. As per an independent energy audit
conducted by civic authorities, the compressor based central AC system had a specific energy consumption
of 1.19 kilo watt per tonne, whereas a new AC system would have specific energy consumption of 0.89 kilo
watt per tonne. Now a days air conditioners are used in almost all the commercial and industrial
establishments. In a city like Kalyan Dombivli having more than 1,500 number of big commercial
establishments, an estimation of total energy savings by use of solar cooling facilities can be made.
How it works?
The installation of solar cooling system is an unique
combination of parabolic reflecting mirrors, heat receivers,
insulated plumbing, boilers for storing the steam and
vapour absorption machine (VAM). The mirrors with high
reflectivity are focused on receivers containing water
through a tracking system. The parabolic mirrors are
capable of generating steam. The steam is routed through
boilers for storage and getting the desired pressure to be
fed in to the Vapour Absorption Machine. The VAM with lit
hium bromide absorbers chills the water and steam which
separates the absorbent from the water. The chilled water is circulated through the ducts cooling the air
flowing in it. The circulation of steam, air and water can be ensured with a pump.
As hot water is generated as a by-product it can be used for drinking, bathing and laundry. The steam which
is generated can also be used for disinfecting the linen in the laundry and sterilise surgical equipments.
A centralized solar AC system is being implemented in Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Hospital at Kalwa in
district Thane. The entire project cost of this 160 tonne solar air conditioning system is apprx INR 3.99. It is
expected to save electricity worth INR 40 lakh per annum.
Application and usage:
The solar air conditioning systems introduced by Sharda Inventions are useful for large scale centralized
applications with capacities of 10 TR and above. In near future the solar air conditioning system will be
introduced for household applications as well.
66
CHAPTER 5
This chapter delves into Energy Efficiency strategy for residential, commercial, industrial and municipal
sector of Kalyan Dombivli city. The chapter later develops the strategies for Kalyan Dombivli city based
on the Energy conservation and Energy Efficiency measures in the city and the baseline energy
consumption and future energy demands of the city.
5. ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR KALYAN DOMBIVLI
While renewable energy technologies would provide clean energy, EE and DSM measures would help in
reducing the energy demand. Energy Efficiency (EE) initiatives are the most financially feasible energy saving
options in India today. In this report the EE measures have been thoroughly analyzed for all the four sectors,
i.e. residential, commercial, industrial as well as municipal. The financial and technical analysis is provided
for each strategy suggested in all the sectors. The list of EE and DSM measures suggested for different
sectors is given below:
Residential Sector:
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent
T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast
Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans
Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs
Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators
Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE water pumps
Reduce energy consumption in existing private buildings
Reduce energy consumption in all new construction
Commercial and institutional building Sector:
− Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent
− T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast
− Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans
− Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs
− Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators
− Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE water pumps
Industrial Sector:
− Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent
− T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast
67
− Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans
− Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs
− Energy efficiency in motors, furnaces, boilers, etc.
Municipal Sector:
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Replacement of 150 watt HPSV with LEDs
Replacement of 40 watt T8/T12 tube lights with T5 tube lights
Sensors for automatic on/off of street lights
Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads
Installation of variable speed drivers
Power saver installation in pump house
Plugging of leakages in the water supply system and use of efficient pumps and motors
Energy Efficiency Measures in WTP
A sector-wise techno-economic analysis of potential energy efficiency and DSM measures has been carried
out.
5.1.
EE Strategy for Residential sector
Residential sector consumes largest amount of energy. Important proven and cost effective measures for
the sector are described in this section. Based on the survey, it was found that incandescent lights are still
used a lot in the residential sector. Utilizing the survey data the savings due to replacement of incandescent
lamps with CFL are calculated and are presented in the table below.
(i)
Incandescent bulbs are the major and the most common source of high energy consumption in the residential
area. Replacement of incandescent lamps has acquired a substantial precedence in all the energy efficiency
strategies as the most feasible option. The techno commercial for replacement of incandescent bulbs with
CFL is given below. An assumption of 80% households utilizing CFLs has been considered as target group for
replacements and an 80% replacement is assumed for the calculations below.
Table 60 : Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent
Household using incandescent bulb
Target to replace incandescent bulb with CFL
Number of incandescent bulb to be replaced per household
Total number of incandescent bulb to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing 60W bulb with 15W CFL
Cost of electricity savings
Payback period
305289
41%
80%
1
100135
150
9868284
345
0.43
7993
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
kWh
Lakh
years
Tonnes
68
(ii)
T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast
A conventional tube light (with magnetic ballast consuming 15W) consumes around 55 watts. It can be
replaced with T5 tube (28W) with electronic ballast (4W) which will require around 32W. The calculations
have been done for a period of 5 years assuming 80 % replacement of T 12 /T8 tube lights can be possible in
83% of the households using T12/T8 tube lights.
Table 61 : T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast
Household using T8/T12 tube lights
Target to replace T8/T12 by T5 tube lights
Number of incandescent bulb to be replaced per household
Total number of T8/T12 tube lights to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing T8/T12(with magnetic ballast) with T5 (with electronic ballast)
Payback period
(iii)
305289
83%
80%
2
405424
2027
13614131
476
4.25
11027
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
kWh
Lakh
years
Tonnes
Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans
Replacing conventional fans with star rated fans can save substantial amount of electrical energy and money.
The financial and technical analysis for replacement of conventional ceiling fans in residential sector of Kalyan
Dombivli city assumes that 25% replacement should be possible in almost 100% of the households.
Table 62 : Efficient Ceiling Fans to Replace Conventional Ceiling Fans
Unit
305289
Household using Conventional Fans
99%
Target to replace CF by EE Fans
25%
Number of Conventional fan to be replaced per household
Total number of Conventional Fans to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing Conventional Fans by EE Fans
Payback period
Nos.
3
Nos.
226677
Nos.
3400
Lakh
7344337
kWh
257
Lakh
13
years
5949
Tonnes
(iv)
Survey results in Kalyan Dombivli reveal that approximately 18% of residential households had 1.5 ton air
conditioners on average. The energy consumption by a 1.5 ton unit is approximately 7.2 kWh per day. For
calculating the energy savings by switching to more energy efficient air conditioners it is assumed that 66%
69
households in Kalyan Dombivli owns an air –conditioner and 25% air conditioners can be assumed as
potential target for replacement with energy efficient ACs.
Table 63 : Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs
Household using Conventional AC
Target to replace Conventional Acs by EE star rated AC
Number of Conventional ACs to be replaced per household
Total number of Conventional ACs to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing Conventional ACs by EE Star Rated ACs
Payback period
(v)
305289
18%
25%
1
13738
2061
4.70
164
13
3806
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
MU
Lakh
years
Tonnes
One of the most common appliance used in homes are the refrigerators. With increasing affordability
refrigerators have become an indispensable item in most Indian households. They come in the capacity
range of 200-400 litres. These days many BEE star rated energy efficient refrigerators are available in the
Indian market. A conventional refrigerator of 200 watts has been taken to provide the calculations below.
An assumption of 25 % households with conventional refrigerators is taken to show the energy savings.
Table 64 : Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators
Household using Conventional Refrigerators
Target to replace Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star one
Number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced per household
Total number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing Conventional Refrigerators by Star Rated
Payback period
(vi)
305289
84%
25%
1
64111
3847
30.39
1064
3.6
24615
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
MU
Lakh
years
Tonnes
Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps
Survey in Kalyan Dombivli has shown that residential households use water pumps of 1.5 HP capacity which
has an approximate electrical consumption of 2.2 kWh. Assuming 5% households in Kalyan Dombivli use
water pumps, 10% replacement of conventional pumps by energy efficient pumps have been targeted for
energy savings.
70
Table 65 : Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps
Unit
305289
Household using Water Pumps
Nos.
5%
Target to replace Conventional Water Pump by EE Pump
Number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced per household
10%
1
Nos.
2137
Nos.
21.37023
Lakh
234004
kWh
8.19
Lakh
Payback period
2.61
years
190
Tonnes
Total number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced
Energy saved by replacing Conventional Water Pumps by EE Water
Pumps
(vii)
Summary of EE Strategy in Residential Sector
The estimated potential of energy savings in the residential sector through energy efficiency measures is 66
MU per year which is alone can meet 39.37% of the target of 168MU energy savings per year in Kalyan
Dombivli City. The reduction of emission through EE measures in residential sector is 70323 tonnes per year.
Replacement of incandescent bulbs with CFL, conventional fans, refrigerators and air conditioners with star
rated one is the most potential scope for energy savings.
Table 66 : Summary of EE Strategy in Residential Sector
EE Measures in residential sector
Unit
Target
Capacity
Investm
ent
(Lakh)
Amount
of
Energy
Saved
(MU)
Emissions
Reduction
s (Tonnes)
Indicative cost of replacing 60 watt incandescent with 15 watt CFL
Nos.
100135
150
10
7993
Indicative cost of replacing T12/T8 with T5 FTL
Indicative cost of replacing conventional Fans with EE star rated
fans
Nos.
405424
2027
14
11027
Nos.
226677
3400
7
5949
Indicative cost of replacing conventional AC with EE star rated AC
Nos.
13738
2061
5
3806
Indicative cost of replacing conventional refrigerator with EE star
rated refrigerator
Nos.
64111
3847
30
24615
Indicative cost of installing a EE water pump
Nos.
2137
21
0
190
11506
66
53580
5.2.
EE Strategy for Commercial Sector
The commercial sector comprises primarily of offices, shopping malls, markets, hotels and restaurants and
comprises of a mix of air conditioned and non air-conditioned buildings. The prime load centers in the
sector are air-conditioning, lighting and pumps/equipment. The major share of electricity consumption is
attributed to by air-conditioning in a full conditioned building followed by lighting, whereas the prime energy
consumption in a non-air conditioned building is lighting followed by space conditioning (coolers, fans, etc.).
The energy conservation and efficiency measures targeted for commercial sector thus should be aimed at
enhancing efficiency levels and deploying conservation options for lighting and air conditioning. Thus
71
efficiency and conservation have to be addressed in existing and new buildings to affect overall demand and
consumption reduction.
While retrofit options in existing buildings are restricted to system upgrades (e.g. upgrade to efficient chillers,
air handling units, pumps in HVAC system or upgrade to efficient lighting systems), new buildings offer ample
opportunities for walls & roof, efficient glazing, energy efficient lighting & HVAC system and renewable
energy integration for water heating or power generation)
Energy efficiency in the commercial sector is also hugely dependent on replacement of conventional
equipment with more energy efficient appliances. All kinds of building sectors are available in Kalyan
Dombivli ranging from hotels, hospitals, shops, malls, hostels, educational institutes and restaurants. The
strategies here target all these building types in Kalyan Dombivli.
(i)
CFL usage has been widespread in the last few years and it is high time that all commercial establishments
should voluntarily replace the high energy consuming incandescent lamps with CFLs. From survey results we
have assumed that 11% of the commercial sector establishments use incandescent bulbs and 72% of
establishment use T8/T12 tube lights. A target to replace 80% of the incandescent bulbs in this household is
assumed to give the calculations below.
Table 67 : Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent
Total Commercial Consumers
Consumers using incandescent bulb
Number of incandescent bulb to be replaced per consumer
Payback period
Unit
Nos.
62976
11%
80%
10
55419
83
4488929
224
0.37
3636
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
kWh
Lakh
years
Tonnes
Table 68 : Replace T12/T8 tube light by T5 tube light
Unit
62976
Consumers using T8/T12 tube lights
72%
80%
Nos.
2
Nos.
72548
Nos.
363
Lakh
Energy saved by replacing T8/T12(magnetic ballast) with T5 (electronic ballast)
2.00
MU
100
Lakh
Payback period
3.62
years
1622
Tonnes
72
(ii)
Replacement of inefficient fans
Analysis of the sample survey of Kalyan Dombivli city reveals that maximum commercial establishments in
Kalyan Dombivli city have fans. Conventional fans have an average energy consumption of 1.03kWh per day.
Assuming 25% of the conventional fans in the commercial sector of Kalyan Dombivli can be replaced with
more energy efficient fans the following techno-commercials have been calculated.
Table 69 : Replacement of Conventional Fans
Consumers using Conventional Fans
Number of Conventional fan to be replaced per consumer
Payback period
(iii)
62976
100%
25%
3
42509
638
0.59
30
21.43
482
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
MU
Lakh
years
Tonnes
Commercial establishments are usually equipped with air conditioners. Survey in Kalyan Dombivli city reveals
that 1.5 tons air conditioners are more popular in the commercial buildings. Assuming that 47% of the
commercial establishments own an air conditioner, 10% target replacement of inefficient air-conditioners
with more efficient conditioners are taken into consideration for the below mentioned calculations.
Table 70 : Replacement of Conventional Air-Conditioners with EE Star Rated ACs
Consumers using Conventional ACs
Target to replace Conventional ACs by EE star rated ACs
Payback period
(iv)
62976
47%
25%
5
36998
5550
12.65
633
8.77
10249
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
MU
Lakh
years
Tonnes
Refrigerators in commercial sector are restricted to the food outlets, restaurants, hotels, guest houses, and
ice-cream parlors. General trend reveals that the refrigerators of the range of 200-400 W are found in the
73
commercial sector of Kalyan Dombivli City. Approximately 63% of the consumers own a refrigerator and a
target of replacing 25% refrigerators has been taken to show the energy saving potential of replacing
conventional refrigerators in commercial sector of Kalyan Dombivli city.
Table 71 : Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators
Unit
62976
Nos.
63%
25%
1
Nos.
9919
Nos.
670
Lakh
Energy saved by replacing Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star Rated one
4.70
MU
235
Lakh
3
years
3808
Tonnes
Consumers using Conventional Refrigerators
Target to replace Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star Rated Refrigerators
Number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced per consumer
Total number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced
Payback period
(i)
Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated pumps
Replacement of 10% conventional pumps by energy efficient pumps in the commercial and institutional
sector will save 0.63 MU energy per year and reduce 514 tonnes of GHG emission per year.
Table 72 : Replacements of Conventional pumps with EE Star Rated pumps
Unit
62976
Consumers using Water Pumps
80%
Target to replace Conventional Water Pump by EE Pump
10%
Number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced per household
Total number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced
Nos.
1
Nos.
7053
Nos.
71
Lakh
0.63
MU
22
Lakh
Payback period
3.17
Years
514
Tonnes
Energy saved by replacing Conventional Water Pumps by EE Water Pumps
(ii)
Summary of EE Strategy in Commercial & Institutional Sector
The estimated energy savings potential from commercial and industrial sector through energy efficiency
measures is 3.26MU per year, which is 1.94% of total target to achieve. Potential for GHG reduction is 2643
tonnes per year.
74
Table 73 : Summary of EE Strategy in Commercial & Industrial Sector
EE Measures
Units
Targets
12155
Investment
(INR)
24
Electricity
Saved
2.63
Emissions
Saved
2127
Nos.
Indicative cost of replacing T8/T12 tube lights with T5 FTL
Nos.
10085
50
0.36
288
Indicative cost of replacing conventional fans with EE fans
Nos.
7320
110
0.14
114
Nos.
413
64
0.14
115
248
3.26
2643
5.3. EE Strategy for Industrial Sector
Kalyan Dombivli has around 1985 industrial units a registered customer of MSEDCL. They are also
contributing a lot towards the huge energy consumption in Kalyan Dombivli city. Energy efficiency measures
are the most financially feasible option in this sector too.
(i) Replacement of incandescent with CFLs
Industrial sector survey in Kalyan Dombivli city reveals that almost all of them use incandescent bulbs as
lighting appliances. A 50 % target of replacing incandescent bulbs with CFLs is taken to provide the energy
savings calculations below.
Table 74 : Replacement of incandescent with CFLs in Industrial sector
Total Industrial Consumers
Consumers using incandescent bulb
Payback period
1985
89%
50%
9
7597
15
1640865
82
0.19
1329
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
kWh
lakh
years
Tonnes
(ii) Replacement of T8/T12 by T5 tube lights
The T12 and Tt8 tube lights are also frequently used in the industrial sector in Kalyan Dombivli city. Survey
results show that almost 87% consumers use these appliances. The energy saving potential by replacement
of T12 and T8 with more efficient T5 tube lights is calculated below assuming a replacement of 50%
appliances in target households. The financial and technical details of the replacement in Kalyan Dombivli
city industrial units are given below.
75
Table 75 : Replacement of T8/T12 tube lights
Unit
Consumers using T8/T12 tube lights
Energy saved by replacing T8/T12(with magnetic ballast) with T5
Payback period
1985
87%
50%
7
6303
32
222250
11
2.84
180
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
kWh
Lakh
years
Tonnes
(iii) Replacement of Conventional Fans by EE Star Rated Fans
Conventional fans are other energy guzzlers in industrial units of Kalyan Dombivli city. They are used for
longer hours in this sector hence the replacement of conventional energy efficient fans with more efficient
ones would bring about a lot of energy savings. 53% of industrial units have installed a conventional fan
which can be targeted for replacement. Assuming a replacement of 25% of the conventional fans with
energy efficient fans the economics and technical details of replacement are tabulated below.
Table 76 : Replacement of conventional fans by EE star rated fans
Consumers using Conventional Fans
Number of Conventional fan to be replaced per consumer
Payback period
1985
100%
25%
15
7320
110
140538
7
16
114
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
kWh
Lakh
Years
Tonnes
(iv) Replacement of Conventional ACs with EE Star Rated ACs
Almost 50 % of the surveyed industrial units in Kalyan Dombivli City had the ownership of air conditioning
units in their office premises. Assuming the replacement of 10% of the air-conditioning units with star rated
air conditioning units the figures related to installments and energy savings are given below.
76
Table 77 : Replacement of Conventional ACs with EE Star Rated ACs
Consumers using Conventional ACs
Target to replace Conventional ACs by EE star rated ACs
Payback period
1985
49%
10%
2
165
26
56550
3
9
46
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
kWh
Lakh
years
Tonnes
(v) Summary of EE Strategy in Industrial Sector
Energy Efficiency measures with mere replacement of incandescent bulbs, inefficient fans, ac and
refrigerators in industrial sector of Kalyan Dombivli city can save at least 2.06MU energy per year reducing
GHG emission by 1669 tonnes per year.
Table 78 : Summary of EE Strategy for Industrial Sector
EE Measures
Unit
s
Indicative cost of replacing T12/T8 tube lights with T5 tube lights
Indicative cost of replacing conventional fans with EE star rated
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Target
7597
6303
7320
165
Invest
ment
(INR)
Electrici
ty
Saved
(MU)
Emission
s Saved
(Tonnes)
15
32
110
26
182
1.64
0.22
0.14
0.06
2.06
1329
180
114
46
1669
5.4. EE Strategy for Municipal Sector
Municipal services annually incur huge expenditures on electricity consumption to cater to the local public
services. Hence energy efficiency has become the call of the day for municipal organizations in India, owing
to growing city needs. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency in India has already come out with the Manual for
development of Municipal Energy Efficiency Projects. Energy conservation drives in the municipal
corporations and councils will become an exemplary initiative for similar activities in eth city. As a high
visibility and administration center Municipal bodies across India should go ahead in implementing the
strategies and replicating the success stories.
5.4.1. EE measures in Street Lighting
Street lighting is one of the major sources of energy consumption in municipal area. The different lighting
appliances used for municipal lighting are the 150W HPSV lamps, 250W HPSV lamps, and T12 and T8 tube
lights.
77
(i)
Replacement of 250 watt HPSV with LEDs
250 watts high pressure sodium vapor lamps are frequently used in street lighting fixture in municipal area.
They can be replaced with more energy efficient LEDS available in the Indian market today. A 100% target to
replace 250W HPSV lamps with LEDs is taken for Kalyan Dombivli city, to provide the techno-economics of
implementing the replacement and bringing about energy savings.
Table 79 : Replacement of 150 watt HPSV with LED
Total number of 250 watt HPSV
Target to replace HPSV lamp with LEDs
Total number of 112 watt LEDs needed
Energy saved by replacing 250 watt HPSV with 112 watt LED
Payback period
5142
100%
5142
2828
3108030
155
18.20
2518
Unit
Nos.
Nos.
Lakh
kWh
Lakh
years
Tonnes
(ii)
Replacement of 40 watt T8/T12 tube lights with T5 tube lights
In Kalyan Dombivli city T12 and T8 tube lights are frequently used in street lighting and survey results have
revealed approximately 454 tube lights in municipal street lighting. 100% replacement of tube lights with in
municipal street lighting should be targeted to bring about energy savings.
Table 80 : Replacement of 40 watt T8/T12 tube lights with T5 tube lights
Unit
Total number of 40 watt Tube lights
Total number of 112 watt LEDs needed
Energy saved by replacing 250 watt HPSV with 112 watt LED
Payback period
(iii)
454
Nos.
100%
454
Nos.
2
Lakh
45736
kWh
2
Lakh
0.99
years
37
Tonnes
Sensors for automatic on/off of street lights
Automatic street lights ensure that energy is not wasted by lights turned on during day time. Many
streetlights in India face this predicament due to faulty manually controlled street lights. Manual control
involves labor costs, energy wastes and poor efficiency , hence Municipal street lights should hasten the
process of installing automatic sensors. Solar sensors are the new and upcoming products in the market
today and should be applied by municipalities for higher efficiency in the operation and maintenance of
municipal street lights. Kalyan Dombivli city showed predominantly manual control of municipal street
78
lights and hence it is highly recommended for switch over to automatic sensors preferably solar automatic
sensors.
(iv)
Energy Efficiency Measures in Water Pumping
Water pumping is one of the major utility practices which consume high energy. The energy efficiency
initiatives for water pumping in India have been going on for quite some time. BEE state in its Manual for
Development of Municipal Energy Efficiency Projects states that 25% energy savings can be obtained from
initiatives in water systems alone. In Karnataka Municipal energy efficiency Improvement initiatives, water
pumping has been addressed. This has been further taken up as a Municipal Energy efficiency CDM project.
The effort can be replicated throughput other municipalities sin India. This would bring about a lot of energy
savings in water pumping utilities.
The Table 19 : shows the electricity consumption in supplying water to different areas in the city.
(v)
Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads
Proper water pumping design can bring about lots of energy savings in the running and maintenance cost of
water pump systems. Careful designing is required to assess the volume of water to be pumped and the
height it needs to be raised to. Fluid piping softwares can be utilized for designing water pumps in Municipal
bodies. A 20% saving is assumed for design based energy efficiency of water pumping systems. The technoeconomics given below for this initiative is based on this assumption.
Table 81 : Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads)
Standard/Recommended Condition
Annual Energy Consumption in MU
Annual Energy Cost in Rs. (lacs)
Saving %
Total Annual Saving in MU
Annual Saving in Rs. (lacs)
eCO2 (Tonne) Reduction
(vi)
Value
21.5
752.5
20%
4.3
150.5
3483
Dimension and adjustment losses are two of the major energy loss sources in pumping processes. Adjusting
pump speed or using Variable Speed Driver to adjust speed is one way to decreasing both the
aforementioned losses in pumping processes. An assumption of 5% savings is taken to provide the financial
and technical details of installing variable speed drivers in municipal water pumping systems in Kalyan
Dombivli City.
79
Table 82 : Variable Speed Drivers
Value
21.5
752.5
Saving %
(vii)
5%
1.075
37.625
870.75
An assumption of 15% savings is taken as the energy saving potential for installing power saver in municipal
pump houses. The following techno-economics is based on this assumption.
Table 83 : Power saver installation in pump house
Saving %
(viii)
Value
21.5
752.5
15%
3.225
112.875
2612.25
Energy Efficiency Measures in STP
Pumping systems are utilized in water treatment plants of the municipal corporations whose energy
efficiency can also be determined through efficient system design. A considerable amount of energy can be
saved taking suitable measures in STP. KDMC should initiate energy audit in all its utility services and
installations to take a stalk of the energy consumption and potential savings.
(ix)
Proper pump-system design (efficient pump, pumps heads with system heads)
The same principle of speed adjustment to reduce adjustment and dimension energy losses in water
pumping process applies in water treatment plants. An assumption of 5% saving is taken into consideration
for giving the techno-economics of installing variable
Table 84 : Proper pump-system design (efficient pump, pumps heads with system heads)
Value
1.63
57.05
Saving %
20%
0.326
350
264
80
(x)
Installation of variable speed drivers for municipal pumps could save at least 5% energy resulting total
savings of 0.8MU per year reducing 648 tonnes of GHG emission.
Table 85 : Variable Speed Drivers
Value
1.63
57.05
Saving %
5%
0.08
2.85
(xi)
66
An assumption of 15% savings has been taken to calculate the energy saving potential and financial
implications of installing power saver in pump houses.
Table 86 : Power saver installation in pump house
(xii)
Value
1.63
Saving %
57.05
15%
0.2445
8.56
198
Summary of EE Strategy for Municipal Sector
The energy savings potential through energy efficiency measures in municipal sector is 22.60 MU per year
which is about 9% of total target to achieve.
81
Table 87 : Summary of EE Strategy for municipal sector
EE Measures
Water
Supply
STP
Invest
ment
(Lakh)
Electricity
Saved
(MU)
Emissions
Saved
(Tonnes)
454
2
0.05
37
5142
2828
3.11
2518
10316
84
2.38
1929
NA
NA
4.30
3483
NA
NA
1.08
870.75
Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump,
pumps heads with system heads
NA
NA
3.23
2612.25
NA
NA
0.33
264.06
NA
NA
0.08
66.015
NA
NA
0.24
198.045
2914
14.79
11978
Indicative cost of replacing T8/T12 tube lights
with T5 tube lights
Indicative cost of replacing 250 watt HPSV with
112 watt LED
100% timer based operation and installation of
power saver
Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump,
pumps heads with system heads
82
CHAPTER 6
6. ACTION PLAN AND BUDGET
6.1. Year-wise Goals of Energy Savings
The table below presents a summary of year wise goals for energy savings through introduction of
renewable energy and taking energy efficiency measures. The goal is to minimum 10% reduction in
projected total demand of 1680MU of conventional energy at the end of five years to be achieved through
energy saving from energy efficiency measures and generation from renewable energy installations.
The master plan sets a goal of total savings of 222.28MU with 113.18MU from renewable energy installation
and 109.10MU from energy efficiency measures.
Table 88 : Energy savings goal over 5 years solar city implementation period
RE and EE Strategy for Kalyan
Dombivli City
Energy Savings target over 5 years period of
implementation (MU per year)
2nd year 3rd year
4th year
5th year
1st
Cumulati Cumulati Cumulati Cumulati
Year
ve
ve
ve
ve
% of
savings
target to
achieve
Emission
reduction/
year
RE for Residential Sector
8.30
20.75
37.36
58.11
83.02
49.41%
69231
RE for Commercial & Inst. Sector
0.50
1.25
2.25
3.50
5.00
2.98%
3187
RE for Industrial Sector
1.17
2.93
5.27
8.20
11.71
6.97%
9747
RE for Municipal Sector
0.10
4.70
6.50
13.16
13.46
8.01%
10903
Total for RE strategy
11.32
28.30
50.93
79.23
113.18
67.37%
93068
EE for Residential Sector
6.61
16.54
29.77
46.30
66.15
39.37%
53580
EE for Commercial Sector
2.51
6.27
11.28
17.55
25.08
14.93%
20312
EE for Industrial Sector
0.33
0.82
1.47
2.28
3.26
1.94%
2643
EE for Municipal Sector
1.46
3.65
6.58
10.23
14.61
8.70%
11838
Total for EE Strategy
10.91
27.28
49.10
76.37
109.10
64.94%
88372
RE and EE Combined Strategy
22.23
55.57
100.03
155.60
222.28
13%
33%
60%
93%
132%
181440
83
Figure 17 :
Year wise energy savings targets for Kalyan Dombivli Solar City
84
Table 89 : Year wise Goal of Energy Savings
85
6.2. Physical Target and Action Plan
The Master Plan for developing Kalyan Dombivli as Solar City sets a target of installing 3.38 MLPD capacity
Solar water heater with a collector capacity of 67600 sqm, 25.80MWp cumulative solar PV systems, 525CuM
Biogas systems, 2.03MWe waste to energy projects and 6201 nos. solar cookers. A list of renewable energy
equipments and energy efficient devices has been presented in the table below.
Table 90 : Physical target of RE systems and EE devices
Renewable Energy Devices proposed
Domestic Solar Water Heating System (100/125LPD system)
x 1000LPD solar water heating system
Solar cookers (Box and dish type)
Community Solar Cooker
Solar lanterns
Use Solar Home Systems (SHS)
0.25 - 1.0kWp Solar PV system for inverters
x 10kWp PV Power Plant for diesel abatement
x 10CuM Biogas system from organic/food waste
Solar Street Light
Road Stud
Solar PV Pumps
Waste to Energy Power Plant
Energy Efficient Devices proposed
CFLs
T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace
Efficient ceiling fans
Star rated Acs
Star rated refrigerators
Star rated water pumps
112 watt LED
Power saver
9769
2399
6106
95
12822
4274
36078
1198
53
1942
7
60
1875
8
3
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
167708
488512
276506
51150
74029
9190
5142
10316
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
86
Table 91 : Physical Target and Action Plan
87
6.3.
Implementation Strategy
6.3.1. Establishment of the Solar City Cell
The Solar City Cell is a very integral component of the MNRE’s Development of Solar Cities” Scheme. The
basic purpose of establishing a Solar City cell is to ensure the parallel set up of a local site for exchange and
collection of relevant data for sustenance, promotion and awareness generation of renewable energy and
energy efficiency at the local level. The solar city cell will be the focal point and critical player for
implementation of the solar city development programme. Solar City Cell will be established within the
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation and will function under the full administration of the Kalyan Dombivli
Municipal Corporation and the Council Chairman will be the highest level authorizing personnel. A senior
technical officer at the level of executive engineer or above will be the overall in charge of the solar city cell.
The officer in-charge will prepare all strategy and functioning modalities of the solar city cell. A full time
technical expert will be associated to the Solar City Cell for day-to-day activities, documentation,
communication and every other activity under Solar City Cell. The Solar City Cell will provide technical
guidance, expertise and financial analyses of projects for potential investors- individual or companies. It will
also help for customer outreach. It will act as a platform where all relevant stakeholders
(citizens/manufacturers /banks/institutions etc.) can meet and exchange information on RE and EE.
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India will provide Rs.10.00 Lakh (Rupees ten
lakh only) for the establishment and operation the solar city cell for five years. The Kalyan Dombivli
Municipal Corporation will provide space for the cell and depute one senior engineer/ technical person of
the level of executive engineer or above as an overall in-charge of the solar city cell. The detailed functions
and modus operandi of the solar city cell is elaborated in the guidebook for development of solar city, which
is an integral part of this master plan.
6.3.2. Awareness and Publicity
Awareness and Publicity Programme will be taken up to creating awareness among mass and target sectors
in the city about benefits and financial incentive for targeted Renewable Energy systems & devices. Under
these programmes, information on technological developments, financial benefits and cost savings from RE
system and EE measures, government initiatives and incentives for such devices/ measures, availability, price
etc will be disseminated through various media. The Solar City Cell will primarily take up these programmes.
MNRE has earmarked Rs.20.00 lakh (Rupees twenty lakh) for each city for awareness and publicity activities
under the solar city development programme. The following activities are proposed for creation of
awareness and publicity.
(i) Publicity through electronic media
−
−
Production and telecast of documentary films, short duration films, TV spots/advertisements etc
through local TV network
Production and broadcast of Radio sponsored programmes, Radio Spots/jingles and Radio Talks etc.
through local FM channels
88
−
Creating an interactive E-Commerce website exclusively for “Kalyan Dombivli Solar City” for
awareness campaigns, information sharing and support to the users for submission of online
application for incentives etc.
(ii) Print Media/Publication
−
−
−
Advertisements in colour and black & white in Newspapers/magazines/journals etc.
Printing of booklets/folders/brochures/posters/calendars/Trade Guide/ Compendium/ Newsletters
etc. on different promotional schemes under Kalyan Dombivli Solar City project.
Develop educational programs on energy efficiency, distributed generation, and renewable energy
systems in buildings for homeowners, businesses, government staff, and those in the building
industries.
(iii) Exhibitions, Outdoor Publicity, Campaign
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Use of Exhibitions and Outdoor Publicity activities like hoardings, kiosks, bus panels, bus-stop
shelters, wall paintings, computerized animation display systems, etc. in the city.
Display and demonstration of RE and EE equipments in the Solar City Cell.
Organizing runs, debates, seminars, quiz, drawing, model making, poster, essay and slogan writing
competitions among others for school children and others;
Promotion and publicity of RE and EE by displaying models and posters etc in different public places,
institutions/organizations, hospitals, bus stand etc.
Encourage maximum participation by residents and business owners in the City’s energy efficiency
programs through marketing and education.
Educate government purchasing agents in each City department regarding the benefits of Energy
Star rated equipment, including the cost savings to the city.
Encourage community input on strategies for improving energy efficiency in building.
(iv) Workshops and Seminars
It is proposed to organize workshops and seminars on specific technologies for targeted audiences from
residential, commercial, Institutional, Industrial and Municipal Sectors.
6.3.3. Implementation of RE Strategy
The solar city development programme will be implemented through joint participation of the residential
citizens of the Kalyan Dombivli city, industries, commercial and institutional establishment, city municipal
corporation, state government and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Financial assistance for
installation of various renewable energy devices and systems will be availed as per the provisions of various
schemes of the Ministry. Support for various other activities will also be availed as per the scheme
provisions of MNRE. The ministry will give priority for support to the cities identified as potential Solar
Cities. The Ministry, IREDA and other implementing institutions for promoting the use of renewable energy
devices/systems, will consider these cities as priority cities. State Nodal Agency may also request the
Ministry to allocate higher targets for installation of various renewable energy devices/systems in these
cities under its different schemes through subsidies. Ministry of Urban Development would also be
89
approached for assistance under their schemes e.g., JNNURM, etc., as well as the Bureau of Energy
Efficiency. The following activities are proposed to promote use of renewable energy and energy efficiency
measures among different section of people, commercial establishment, institutions, municipality and
industries.
(I)
Show casing and promotion of different MNRE programmes through different audiovisual
publicity, workshop, exhibition, campaign etc.
(II)
Establishment of single window clearance mechanism to avail all government incentives. The
Solar city cell can be used as a single point contact and clearance centre for all kinds of
promotional activities and subsidies for RE and EE devices.
(III)
Creation of interactive web based tool for accepting application for availing incentives from
MNRE/ State/ City
(IV)
Providing technical assistance to project developers in site assessment, feasibility and detailed
project report preparation.
(V)
Providing assistance in conducting energy audit
(VI)
Involvement of financial institution/ IREDA for providing soft loan for large scale promotion of
RE projects.
(VII) Setting up of a high level committee including city administration, state nodal agency,
developers, MNRE, RE/ EE experts, Finance institution stakeholders from different sectors to
oversee and review implementation of the Master Plan
(VIII) Provide additional subsidy/ incentives for those systems which have payback period more that 3
years
(IX)
Amend building bye-laws for making the use of solar water heating systems mandatory
(X)
Provide rebate in property tax through Municipal Corporations/ Municipalities & in electricity
tariff though Utilities/ Electricity Boards to the users of solar water heaters especially in
domestic sector.
(XI)
Comply MSW Rules 2000 notified by the MoEF and set up projects of suitable capacity for
generating energy from the waste collected from the city/town.
(XII) Conduct energy auditing of Govt./Public sector buildings, water pumping and street lightings in
the city at regular interval and take necessary steps towards conservation of energy for the
same.
(XIII) Issue G.O as regards to construction of energy efficient solar buildings at least in Govt. /Public
sectors in accordance with ECBC : 2006 and follow up its implementation rigorously.
(XIV) Organize rigorous publicity, and also the training programmes/ business meets for various stake
holders e.g. architects, engineers, builders & developers, financial institutions, NGOs, technical
90
institutions, manufactures/suppliers, RWAs etc. so as to involve them actively in meeting the
objective of solar city.
(XV) Generate necessary funds from State Govt. and other funding organizations for achieving the
objective of making the city as “Solar City”. Benefits of the schemes of Govt. of India will also be
taken in meeting the objectives.
(XVI) Promote National Rating System for construction of energy efficient Green Buildings in particular
to commercial and institutional buildings
(XVII) Avail financial benefit from Carbon Market
6.3.4. Renewable Energy Pilot Projects
MNRE will provide financial assistance for implementation of pilot projects in all the sectors. Five categories
of projects in different RE technologies are proposed in each sector. It is proposed that MNRE will provide
financial assistance to meet 75% of the project cost, KDMC/ State will support 15% and users will contribute
10% project cost. The total investment for implementation of all proposed pilot projects is estimated as
Rs.311.59Lakh out of which MNRE will contribute Rs.233.69Lakh, City/ Sate will contribute Rs.46.74Lakh and
the users will contribute Rs.31.16Lakh. All the pilot projects shall be executed in the first year of
implementation. All the pilot projects shall be executed in the first year of implementation. The following
tables show pilot projects proposed and financial implication thereon in different sectors in the city.
Table 92 : Pilot Projects in Residential Sector
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Proposed Pilot Projects
Solar lanterns for roadside markets/
hawkers to replace kerosene lamps
PV system for Home inverter
PV system to replace Home Generator
Solar Water Heating System for
residential Apartment Complex
PV Power Plant for residential
apartment Complex
Total
Capacity
Unit
Nos.
Cost per
system
(Lakh)
Total
cost
(Lakh)
MNRE
Share
(Lakh)
Users
share
(Lakh)
2.25
City/
State
Share
(Lakh)
0.45
10
Wp
100
0.03
3.00
250
1
5000
Wp
kWp
LPD
10
5
2
0.30
2.00
5.00
3.00
10.00
10.00
2.25
7.50
7.50
0.45
1.50
1.50
0.30
1.00
1.00
25
kWp
2
30.00
60.00
45.00
9.00
6.00
86.00
64.50
12.90
8.60
0.30
91
Table 93 : Pilot Projects in Commercial and Institutional Sector
Sl.
No.
Project
Community Solar Cooker for mid day
meal in schools
Solar Water hearts for Hospitals
Biogas system for Restaurants
Solar Water Heater for Restaurants
PV system for educational institutes
Total
1
2
3
4
5
Capacity
Unit
Nos.
1
5000
10
5000
6
No.
LPD
CuM
LPD
kWp
10
2
2
2
2
Cost
per
system
(Lakh)
Total
cost
(Lakh)
MNRE
Share
(Lakh)
City/
State
Share
(Lakh
)
Users
share
(Lakh
)
0.20
5.00
0.50
5.00
12.91
2.00
10.00
1.00
10.00
25.82
48.82
1.50
7.50
0.75
7.50
19.36
36.61
0.30
1.50
0.15
1.50
3.87
7.32
0.20
1.00
0.10
1.00
2.58
4.88
Total
cost
(Lakh)
MNRE
Share
(Lakh)
Users
share
(Lakh)
10.00
4.00
7.50
3.00
City/
State
Share
(Lakh)
1.50
0.60
Table 94 : Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Project
Biogas system for restaurants
PV System for Leather Industries
Solar Water Heaters for Food
processing
Solar PV system for Garment Industry
Solar steam generator process
heating
Total
Capacity
Unit
Nos.
10
1
CuM
kWp
5
2
Cost
per
system
(Lakh)
2.00
2.00
2000
0.5
LPD
kWp
2
2
2.00
1.00
4.00
2.00
3.00
1.50
0.60
0.30
0.40
0.20
1
Nos.
2
1.00
2.00
22.00
1.50
16.50
0.30
3.30
0.20
2.20
Cost
per
system
(Lakh)
Total
cost
(Lakh)
MNRE
Share
(Lakh)
City/
State
Share
(Lakh)
Users
share
(Lakh)
1.00
0.40
Table 95 : Pilot Projects in Municipal Sector
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Project
Solar PV power plant for Municipal
building/ bus stand
Solar Streetlights/ traffic lights/
blinkers
Solar PV system for markets
Outdoor PV systems for Municipal
Parks
Solar Hoardings
Total
Capacity
Unit
Nos.
25
kWp
2
50.00
100.00
75.00
15.00
10.00
74
500
Wp
Wp
100
5
0.20
0.60
20.00
3.00
15.00
2.25
3.00
0.45
2.00
0.30
1
1
No.
No.
2
10
8.39
1.50
16.78
15.00
154.78
12.58
11.25
116.08
2.52
2.25
23.22
1.68
1.50
15.48
92
Table 96 : Summary of Pilot Projects and indicative project cost implication
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
6.4.
Project
Total cost
(Lakh)
Pilot Project in Residential Sector
Pilot Projects in Commercial & Institutional Sector
Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector
Pilot Projects in municipal Sector
Total
86.00
48.82
22.00
154.78
311.59
MNRE
Share
(Lakh)
64.50
36.61
16.50
116.08
233.69
City/
State
Share
(Lakh)
12.90
7.32
3.30
23.22
46.74
Users
share
(Lakh)
8.60
4.88
2.20
15.48
31.16
Financial outlays and sharing of fund
The total indicative budget for development of Kalyan Dombivli as Solar City is estimated at Rs.668.71 crore
which will be invested over the 5 years of implementation period of solar city development programme. The
total budget will be shared by the state government/ City authority (5%), MNRE (33%) and the private users
(62%). The budget for implementation of RE strategy and EE strategy is estimated at Rs.463.87 crore and is
Rs.191.43 crore respectively. Budget for establishment of the Solar City Cell and awareness and publicity is
estimated at Rs.48.30 Lakhs which could be enhanced depending upon the requirement. While budget for RE
strategy will be shared among MNRE, state/city and private users, private investors will primarily drive EE
activities. A substantial amount of investment could be recovered or the entire project could be partially
financed through carbon finance mechanism. A suitable methodology will be adopted to avail benefit from
carbon market selling the CER generated from the project.
Table 97 : Sharing of budget for development of Kalyan Dombivli Solar City
Sharing of fund
Year 1
(Crore)
Year 2
(Crore)
Year 3
(Crore)
Year 4
(Crore)
Year 5
(Crore)
Total (Crore)
State / City Share
3.10
4.65
6.20
7.75
9.30
30.99
MNRE Share
21.58
34.48
43.53
55.80
64.44
219.83
Private Share
40.98
64.37
83.00
106.63
122.93
417.90
Total Budget
65.66
103.49
132.72
170.17
196.67
668.71
93
Figure 18 :
Sharing of total budget for development of solar city Kalyan Dombivli
Figure 19 :
Sharing of RE Strategy Budget for Kalyan Dombivli Solar City
Figure 20 :
Sharing of EE Strategy Budget for Kalyan Dombivli Solar City
94
Figure 21 :
Year wise sharing of budget for Kalyan Dombivli Solar City Programme
95
Table 98 : Sector wise total budget and annual expenses
Unit
Total
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
MNRE contribution for RE strategy
Establishment of Solar city cell
Lakh
10.00
3.52
1.62
1.62
1.62
1.62
Publicity and awareness
Lakh
28.00
8.15
8.15
5.60
3.05
3.05
RE for residential sector
Lakh
16295.06
1629.51
2444.26
3259.01
4073.77
4888.52
RE for Commercial & Inst. sector
Lakh
767.97
76.80
115.20
153.59
191.99
230.39
RE for Industrial sector
Lakh
3406.03
340.60
510.90
681.21
851.51
1021.81
RE for Municipal sector
Lakh
996.40
99.64
149.46
199.28
249.10
298.92
W2E Project form MSW & STPs
Lakh
479.65
0.00
218.02
52.33
209.30
0.00
21983.12
2158.22
3447.61
4352.64
5580.34
6444.31
10.30
0.70
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
MNRE
State/city contribution
Establishment of solar city cell
RE for Institutional sector
Lakh
263.72
26.37
39.56
52.74
65.93
79.12
Lakh
966.40
96.64
144.96
193.28
241.60
289.92
1843.33
184.33
276.50
368.67
460.83
553.00
14.79
1.48
2.22
2.96
3.70
4.44
3098.54
309.85
464.78
619.71
774.63
929.56
EE measures for Inst. sector
EE measures for Municipal sector
State / City
Private/ Users contribution
RE for residential sector
Lakh
18267.18
1826.72
2740.08
3653.44
4566.79
5480.15
RE for Commercial & Inst. sector
Lakh
777.58
77.76
116.64
155.52
194.39
233.27
RE for Industrial sector
Lakh
4616.32
461.63
692.45
923.26
1154.08
1384.89
Lakh
30.00
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
EE for Residential sector
Lakh
11506.19
1150.62
1725.93
2301.24
2876.55
3451.86
EE for Commercial & Inst. sector
Lakh
5529.98
553.00
829.50
1106.00
1382.50
1658.99
EE measures for Industrial sector
Lakh
248.40
24.84
37.26
49.68
62.10
74.52
Private Investor for W2E projects
Lakh
813.95
0.00
290.70
104.65
418.60
0.00
41789.59
4097.56
6437.04
8299.78
10662.51
12292.69
66871.25
6687.12
10030.69
13374.25
16717.81
20061.37
Private/ Users
Total
Lakh
96
Table 99 : Budget and Sharing of fund
97
6.5.
Potential Carbon Market Benefit
The RE and EE activities under solar city programme will considerable amount of green house emission per
year. The CER generated under this project can be sold to carbon market under suitable mechanism. It is
estimated that a total of 181440 CER could be sold from the project which will give a revenue of Rs.13.06
crore per year. If project life is considered 10 years, the income from carbon market will recover about 20%
of the project cost.
Table 100 : Potential Carbon Market Benefit
Assumption: Value of CER = 12 Euro;
1Euro= 60 INR
Energy Saved
(MU)
CER
(Tonnes)
Value
(Lakh/ year)
CER from RE strategy
113.18
93068
670.09
CER fro EE strategy
109.10
88372
636.28
CER from entire solar city project
222.28
181440
1306.37
98
7. Annexure I – Pilot Project I
Project Proposals
for
Solar Thermal Systems/ Devices
Under
Development of Solar City Programme of MNRE
1.
Title of the Project : Solar Water Heating System for Hospitals in Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Area
2.
Name of the Project Proponent : Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
3.
Socio- Economic Justification of the Project:
There are many benefits of from solar water heater, and number one is economics. Solar water heater
economics compare quite favorably with those of electric water heaters, while the economics aren't quite so
attractive when compared with those of gas water heaters. Heating water with the sun also means longterm benefits, such as being cushioned from future fuel shortages and price increases, and environmental
benefits.
Economic Benefits
Solar water heaters offered the largest potential savings compared to electric heating, with solar waterheater owners saving as much as 50% to 85% annually on their utility bills over the cost of electric water
heating. Typical simple payback period of a solar water heating system is 2 to 3 years.
Tax Incentives and Rebates
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) offers subsidies on domestic as well as commercial solar
water heating systems installations. Government of India offers 80% depreciation claim in the first two years
itself on installation of commercial solar water heating systems.
Long-Term Benefits
Solar water heaters offer long-term benefits that go beyond simple economics. In addition to having free hot
water after the system has paid for itself in reduced utility bills, it contributes towards future fuel shortages
and price increases and reduce country's dependence on foreign oil.
Environmental Benefits
Solar water heaters do not pollute and contribute in reduction of GHG emission. A 100 LPD solar water
heater system when replaces an electric water heater, the electricity displaced over 20 years represents
more than 30 tons of avoided carbon dioxide emissions alone.
4.
Benefits of the proposed project:
There are 220 hospitals Kalyan Dombivli Municipal area out of which 190 hospitals with intake capcity less
then 50 beds and 30 hospitals with 50-100 beds. in It is proposed to install Solar Water Heating systems in
all hospitals in KDMC area. Total potential for solar water heating systems in the hospital sector is estimated
to be 470000 LPD. Complete installation of solar water heaters in the hospitals will save about 7.20MU
electricity per year and reduce about 6000 tons of GHG per year. The target for the first phase is to install
130000LPD solar water heating systems in 60 hospitals.
99
Ministry of New and Renewbale Energy (MNRE) declared KDMC as a “Solar City” and a master plan has been
prepared to reduce 10% energy consumption through renewable energy and energy efficiency measures.
The master plan sets a goal to reduce 168MU electricity per year within 5 years period. Implementation of
solar water heating projects in hospitals alone can contribute 4.3% towards the set goal.
Most importantly, hospitals will save considerable amount of electricity and will enjoy free hotwater within
2-3 years of payback on the investment. They will avail subsidy from the MNRE and may avail 80%
depreciation benefit in the first two years.
PART-A: Details of the Project Proponent
I
II
III
IV
Name of the Project Proponent:
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal
a) Renewable Energy Service Providing Corporation, Kalyan Dombivli,
Company (RESCO)
Maharashtra.
b) Financial Institutions (Banks, NBFCs, MFIs)
c) Financial Integrator
Category: Program Administrator.
d) System Integrator
e) Program Administrator
Name, Designation and Address of the Authorized Name: The Commissioner
Representative for correspondence with telephone
Address: Kalyan Dombivli
no, fax & email
Municipal Corporation
KDMC, Shankarrao Chowk,
Kalyan West - 421301
In case of Channel Partner other than Programme
Administrator, the following information will be
provided:
Name and Category of Project Proponent
a) Whether commercial or non-commercial.
b) Copy of Articles of Association, Registration
NA
No. & Date
c) Audited Balance Sheet for last three years
d) Annual Report of previous year
e) Whether MNRE has earlier sanctioned any
Solar
Thermal
project
(s)
for
implementation to the Project Proponent, if
yes, please furnish information
Autonomous Institution set by
In case of 1 (e), Please indicate:
State Government (Urban Local
a) Government Department, Autonomous Body)
Institution set up by Central/ State
Government, State renewable Energy
development agency, Public Sector
Undertaking
b) Others
100
PART-B: Details of the Project
Kalyan Dombivli is an important satellite township of Mumbai city. It is an important railway junction. The city
of Kalyan Dombivli forms one of the important urban agglomerations of Maharashtra state. Owing to large
urbanizable zone and its proximity to greater Mumbai, Kalyan Dombivli is trying to enhance the quality of
services, expand the infrastructure and accelerate its economic growth. It has not only made its presence felt
in terms of overall development and commercialization but also in its many eco drives for a sustainable
future. Kalyan Dombivli has been approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to be developed as
a solar city. Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) is the main organization which is responsible for
urban governance and civic management in the city of Kalyan Dombivli. The corporation has a democratically
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation is a very active organization for initiating good practices and it has
also come with the added supportive policy framework from Maharasthra Government for the
implementation of renewable energy initiatives.
There are 220 hospitals in KDMC area out of which 190 hospitals with less then 50 beds and 30 hospitals have
capacity of 50-100 beds. All the hospitals uses electric geysers to fulfill their hot water demand.
It is proposed to install solar water heaters in all the hospitals in phased manner as a part of solar city
activities. In the first phase, 10 hospitals of 50-100 bed capacity will be installed solar water heaters of
capacity 3000LPD each. Similarly, 50 hospitals having less then 50 beds will be installed with 2000LPD solar
water heaters.
1. Details of Project site:
The Kalyan Dombivli city is located at geographical coordinates of 27.18 N and 78.02 E. The administrative
building of Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation is located in the heart of the city. Average annual solar
radiation in Kalyan Dombivli is 5.08kWh/m2/day.
2. Details of Project Beneficiaries:
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) will be the direct beneficiary of the project. KDMC is
responsible for providing the basic services infrastructure to city dwellers. The services include water supply,
sewage treatment and disposal, solid waste management, disaster management, buildings and roads, street
lighting, maintenance of parks and open spaces, cemeteries and crematoriums, conservation of heritage
sites, and registering of births and deaths.
3.
Details of Proposed Systems :
I.
II.
Proposed capacity of the Solar Water Heating System is as below:
Unit Capcity (LPD)
Proposed Units
Gross Capcity (LPD)
50-100 bedded hospitals
3000
10
30000
20- 50 bedded
2000
50
100000
Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant : Sufficient area (90 sqm for 3000LPD and
70sqm for 2000LPD system) is available in each hospital.
101
PART C: Implementation Schedule
•
Major Monitorable Milestones
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
•
Activities
1
2
3
Progress Months
4
5
6
7
8
Application/ clearance from MNRE
Procurement Process
Site survey & ystem integration layout
Erection of collector mounting Structures
Installation of Collectors & storage tank
Distribution Pipings
Testing and commissioning
Project Commissioning Timeline
Project can be completed within 6 months from the date of finalization of technology partner.
PART D: Performance Monitoring Mechanism:
Performance will be monitored with
facilities for daily, monthly & annual
(Daily, Monthly and Annual energy generation,
power generation. Energy meters and
logging, compilation and sharing with MNRE)
data loggers will be installed accordingly.
Performance Data Monitoring
Monthly
monitoring
of
reduction
in
diesel/electricity/ other fuel consumption, if any.
Yes
Own Mechanism
In built monitoring system with energy
meter and data logger will installed
Third Party
5 years AMC will be signed with the
supplier
Yes
PART E: Project Cost and Financing Details.
i. Cost of Systems Hardware
ii. Cost of transportation and insurance
iii. Cost of civil works and electrical works
iv. Cost of installation and commissioning
v. Cost of Annual Maintenance for 5 years
vi. Any other cost
Total Cost of the Systems/Project
Total Capacity & Collector Area
211.00Lakh
4.00Lakh
16.00Lakh
16.00Lakh
4.00Lakh
20.00Lakh
251.00Lakh
130000LPD (2600sqm)
102
Means of Finance
a) Contribution of Project Proponent
b) Contribution
of
Beneficiaries
organization
c) Envisaged CFA from MNRE
d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital
grant)
e) Envisaged Soft Loan assistance, if any
f) Whether funds are in surplus or
deficiency
Details of Project Revenue recurring, if any
NA
Project Duration
6 months
b) Contribution from
beneficiaries:
c) CFA from MNRE
165.20Lakh
85.80Lakh
PART F: Operation and Maintenance Arrangements
The supplier will train engineers and technicians of KDMC / hospital authority for day to day operation,
monitoring and scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning, topping up of batteries etc.
- Detail of Operation and Maintenance Arrangements.
The system will be procured with minimum 5 years comprehensive annual maintenance contract service.
During this period engineers and technicians from KDMC/ hospital will be trained for O&M of the system.
- Arrangement for Energy Savings Data Collection
(i)
Flow meter will be installed where in manual recording of the reading will be maintained in a
log. The reading will be taken on a regular periodic basis.
(ii)
Data logging system for recording water temperature would be installed. This system will keep a
log of the cold water and hot water at the inlet and outlet of the SWH system respectively.
(iii)
Energy delivered in kcal by the SWH system will be calculated based on the quantity of the
water consumed and temperature rise of the water (Δt).
(iv)
The flow meter reading needs to be taken regularly and average from the temperature logging
system needs to be noted regularly.
(v)
Collected data will be reported to MNRE/ designated agencies on regular basis
- Method of monitoring of reduction in conventional fuel consumption, if any. - NA
- Strategy for training of the O&M Personnel of the Beneficiary Organization.
As stated above
103
PART G: Declarations
It is certified that I/we have read the guidelines issued by the Ministry vide 5/23/2009/P&C dated 16th June,
2010 and the related provisions/terms and conditions for availing financial support from the Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy and I agree to abide by these guidelines and related terms and conditions.
I understand that failure to comply by these guidelines may result in denial of financial support by the
Ministry.
I confirm that the present proposal in full or part has not been submitted / has been submitted to any other
agency for seeking support (In case proposal has been submitted to any other agency or under consideration
all details and a copy of the proposal must be submitted along with the present proposal).
I confirm that I will not submit the same proposal or a part thereof to any other funding agency, without
prior knowledge of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
I confirm that the share of project proponent/beneficiaries shall not be lower than 20% in any
circumstances. Projects owned by the Programme Administrators are exempt from this condition.
I confirm that the proposed solar thermal system(s) have not been installed/supplied at the proposed sites
or to the proposed beneficiaries, prior to the receipt of project sanction letter from the Ministry.
There is no duplication in the proposal and the submitted proposal is the only proposal by the proponent
and to the best of my / our knowledge no other organization has submitted any proposal for the systems at
these site(s) to MNRE for financial support.
A detailed site survey has been done/or will be undertaken to identify the beneficiaries before actual supply
and installation takes place.
In case of System Integrators, the beneficiaries will be charged net of MNRE subsidy towards cost of systems
installed by them at their respective places.
I confirm that in case of any dispute, the decision of Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,
Government of India will be final and binding on all.
Signature _____________
Name & Designation of Authorized Signatory
Seal
Place:
Date:
104
Annexure
DETAILS OF SYSTEMS TO BE INSTALLED
Sl.
no
Systems
to be
installed
Type
of
systems/
collector to be
used*
1
Solar
water
heating
systems
Flat plate type
Place(s) of
installation**
No. of
systems
No. of
collecto
rs/
dishes
Total
collector
area
(sq. m)
Applicatio
n
Total cost of
systems/
units
including
AMC
for 5 yrs
(apprx)
Subsidy
sought
from
MNRE @
Rs.3300/s
q. m
50 beded
Hospitals
10
300
600
Hot water
58.00 Lakh
19.80
<50 bedded
hospitals
50
1000
2000
Hot water
193.00 Lakh
66.00
60
1300
2600
251.00
85.80
State
subsidy
to be
availed
if any
@
Rs. ----
Expected
date
of
completion
a) Domestic
b) Others
Sept 2011
ETC type
a) Domestic
b) Others
Storage
collector
cum
type
* Only those systems will be eligible for subsidy which have BIS/MNRE standards/ specifications or have
approval from test centers of MNRE
** For domestic systems, only area of operation/implementation will be mentioned
This is to certify that the various components of the Solar Thermal System (s) conform to the Relevant
Standards, as mentioned in the Guidelines for Off-grid and Decentralized Solar Applications for Solar
Collectors and components under JNNSM. Copies of the Relevant BIS/MNRE Certificates/specifications
should be enclosed.
Note: It is mandatory to provide technical performance specifications of each component of the system(s) to
be installed under the project and for which the performance will be warranted. All technical parameters
and warranty requirements must meet or exceed the requirements mentioned in the guidelines issued by
the Ministry.
(Signature & Seal of Channel partner)
as Head of Organization
105
8. Annexure II – Pilot Project II
Project Proposals
for
Under
Develppment of Solar City Programme of MNRE
1.
Title of the Project : Solar Water Heating System for Hotels and Restaurants in Kalyan Dombivli
Municipal Area
2.
Name of the Project Proponent : Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
3.
Socio- Economic Justification of the Project:
benefits.
Economic Benefits
Long-Term Benefits
4.
Benefits of the proposed project:
There are about 720 restaurants and food carts in Kalyan Dombivli Municipal area out of which 100
restaurants are of medium size, 50 are large, 350 are small and 225 are foodcarts. There are 5 budget hotels
in the municipalty area. It is proposed to install Solar Water Heating systems in hotels and restaurants in
KDMC area based on the hot water demand and available area for installation of such systems. Total
potential for solar water heating systems in the hotels and restaurants is estimated to be 432000 LPD.
Complete installation of solar water heaters in the hospitals will save about 7.60MU electricity per year and
reduce about 6460 tons of GHG per year. The target for the first phase is to install 140000LPD solar water
heating systems in 5 hotels, 10 large restaurants, 25 medium restaurant and 50 small restaurant.
106
solar water heating projects in hotels and restaurant can contribute 4.5% towards the set goal.
Most importantly, hotels and restaurants will save considerable amount of electricity and will enjoy free hot
water within 2-3 years of payback on the investment. They will avail subsidy from the MNRE and may avail
80% depreciation benefit in the first two years.
I
II
III
IV
a) Renewable Energy Service Providing
Company (RESCO)
Name, Designation and Address of the Authorized
no, fax & email
Corporation, Kalyan Dombivli,
Maharashtra.
Name: The Commissioner
provided:
No. & Date
NA
Solar
Thermal
project
(s)
for
a) Government Department, Autonomous State Government (Urban Local
Institution set up by Central/ State Body)
Undertaking
b) Others
Kalyan Dombivli is an important satellite township of Mumbai city. It is an important railway junction. The
city of Kalyan Dombivli forms one of the important urban agglomerations of Maharashtra state. Owing to
large urbanizable zone and its proximity to greater Mumbai, Kalyan Dombivli is trying to enhance the quality
of services, expand the infrastructure and accelerate its economic growth. It has not only made its presence
felt in terms of overall development and commercialization but also in its many eco drives for a sustainable
future. Kalyan Dombivli has been approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to be developed
as a solar city. Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) is the main organization which is responsible
107
for urban governance and civic management in the city of Kalyan Dombivli. The corporation has a
democratically elected leadership from the constituencies within the geographic jurisdiction of the
corporation boundaries. Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation is a very active organization for initiating
good practices and it has also come with the added supportive policy framework from Maharasthra
Government for the implementation of renewable energy initiatives.
There are about 720 restaurants and food carts in Kalyan Dombivli Municipal area out of which 100
restaurants are of medium size, 50 are large, 350 are small and 225 are foodcarts. There are 5 budget hotels
in the municipalty area. It is proposed to install Solar Water Heating systems in hotels and restaurants in
KDMC area based on the hot water demand and available area for installation of such systems. The target
for the first phase is to install 140000LPD solar water heating systems in 5hotels, 10 large restaurants, 25
medium restaurant and 50 small restaurant.
building of Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation is located in the heart of the city. Average annual solar
radiation in Kalyan Dombivli is 5.08kWh/m2/day.
6. Details of Proposed Systems :
Proposed capacity of the Solar Water Heating System:
Beneficiaries
Budget Hotels
Large Restaurant
Medium Restaurant
Small Restaurant
III.
Capcity of SWH (LPD)
2000
3000
2000
1000
Target
5
10
25
50
Total
Total Capacity (LPD)
10000
30000
50000
50000
140000
Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant : Sufficient area (90 sqm for 3000LPD,
70sqm for 2000LPD system and 35sqm for 1000LPD) is available in the proposed hotels and
restaurants.
•
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
S
Activities
1
2
3
Progress Months
4
5
6
7
8
Procurement Process
108
•
(Daily, Monthly and Annual energy generation, facilities for daily, monthly & annual
Monthly
monitoring
of
reduction
in
Yes
Own Mechanism
Third Party
supplier
Yes
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
213.00Lakh
4.00Lakh
16.00Lakh
16.00Lakh
20.00Lakh
4.00Lakh
Cost of Systems Hardware
Cost of transportation and insurance
Cost of civil works and electrical works
Cost of installation and commissioning
Cost of Annual Maintenance for 5 years
Any other cost
Means of Finance
140000LPD (2800sqm)
271.00Lakh
b) Contribution
of
Beneficiaries a) Contribution of Project Proponent
organization
d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital b) Contribution from
beneficiaries:
178.60Lakh
grant)
c) CFA from MNRE
92.40Lakh
deficiency
Project Duration
NA
6 months
The supplier will train engineers and technicians of KDMC / hotels/restaurant authority for day to day
operation, monitoring and scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning, topping up of batteries etc.
109
During this period engineers and technicians from KDMC/ hotels/restaurants will be trained for O&M of the
system.
a) Flow meter will be installed where in manual recording of the reading will be maintained in a log.
The reading will be taken on a regular periodic basis.
b) Data logging system for recording water temperature would be installed. This system will keep a log
of the cold water and hot water at the inlet and outlet of the SWH system respectively.
c) Energy delivered in kcal by the SWH system will be calculated based on the quantity of the water
consumed and temperature rise of the water (Δt).
d) The flow meter reading needs to be taken regularly and average from the temperature logging
e) Collected data will be reported to MNRE/ designated agencies on regular basis
As stated above
110
Ministry.
Signature _____________
Seal
Place:
Date:
111
Annexure
Sl.
no
Systems
to be
installed
Type
of
systems/
collector to be
used*
1
Solar
water
heating
systems
Flat plate type
a) Domestic
b) Others
Place(s) of
installation**
No. of
system
s
No. of
collecto
rs/
dishes
Total
collector
area
(sq. m)
Applicatio
n
Hotels
Large Restaurants
Med Restaurant
Small Restaurant
Total
5
10
25
50
90
100
300
500
500
1400
200
600
1000
1000
2800
Hot water
Hot water
Hot water
Hot water
Hot water
Total cost of
systems/
units
including
AMC
for 5 yrs
(apprx)
Subsidy
sought
from
MNRE @
Rs.3300/s
q. M
State
subsidy to
be
availed if
any @
Rs. ----
Expected
date
of
completi
on
271.00Lac
92.40Lac
178.60Lac
Sept 2011
ETC type
a) Domestic
b) Others
Storage cum
collector
type
should be enclosed.
the Ministry.
112
9. Annexure III – Pilot Project III
Project Proposals
for
Under
Develppment of Solar City Programme of MNRE
1. Title of the Project : Solar Water Heating System for Residential Apartment Building in Kalyan
Dombivli Municipal Area
2. Name of the Project Proponent : Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
3. Socio- Economic Justification of the Project:
benefits.
Economic Benefits
Long-Term Benefits
4. Benefits of the proposed project:
There are about 8000 residential apartment building Society Kalyan Dombivli Municipal area which
accommodate about 160000 famlies. Generally hot water demand of residents is met from electric geysers.
These electric geysers can be replaced with solar water heating system based on the availability of space to
install such system in the apartment buildings. If 10% of such apartment complex are installed with solar
water heating system of capacity, total solar water heating systems will be 1600,000LPD which will save
about 18.90MU electricity per year and reduce about 15120 tons of GHG per year.
113
solar water heating projects in hotels and restaurant can contribute 11.25% towards the set goal.
Most importantly, hotels and restaurants will save considerable amount of electricity and will enjoy free
hotwater within 2-3 years of payback on the investment. They will avail subsidy from the MNRE and may
avail 80% depreciation benefit in the first two years.
I
II
III
IV
a) Renewable Energy Service Providing
Company (RESCO)
no, fax & email
provided:
Maharashtra.
No. & Date
NA
Solar
Thermal
project
(s)
for
a) Government Department, Autonomous Body)
Institution set up by Central/ State
Undertaking
b) Others
114
Kalyan Dombivli is an important satellite township of Mumbai city. It is an important railway junction. The city
of Kalyan Dombivli forms one of the important urban agglomerations of Maharashtra state. Owing to large
urbanizable zone and its proximity to greater Mumbai, Kalyan Dombivli is trying to enhance the quality of
services, expand the infrastructure and accelerate its economic growth. It has not only made its presence felt
in terms of overall development and commercialization but also in its many eco drives for a sustainable
future. Kalyan Dombivli has been approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to be developed as
a solar city. Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) is the main organization which is responsible for
urban governance and civic management in the city of Kalyan Dombivli. The corporation has a democratically
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation is a very active organization for initiating good practices and it has
also come with the added supportive policy framework from Maharasthra Government for the
implementation of renewable energy initiatives.
There are about 8000 residential apartment building Society Kalyan Dombivli Municipal area which
accommodate about 160,000 famlies with an average of 20 families per apartment. It is proposed to install
solar water heaters in 800 apartments (10% of total apartment) to provide hot water to about 16000
families using solar water heating systems of 160,000LPD capcity.
The Kalyan Dombivli city is located at geographical coordinates of 27.18 N and 78.02 E. The
administrative building of Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation is located in the heart of the city.
Average annual solar radiation in Kalyan Dombivli is 5.08kWh/m2/day.
2.
3.
I.
Details of Project Beneficiaries:
responsible for providing the basic services infrastructure to city dwellers. The services include water
supply, sewage treatment and disposal, solid waste management, disaster management, buildings and
roads, street lighting, maintenance of parks and open spaces, cemeteries and crematoriums,
conservation of heritage sites, and registering of births and deaths.
Details of Proposed Systems :
Proposed capacity of the Solar Water Heating System:
Beneficiaries
Residential Apartment
II.
No. of
families
20
Capcity of
SWH (LPD)
2000
Target
Total Capacity (LPD)
800
160,000
Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant : Sufficient area (70sqm for 2000LPD system) is
available in the proposed apartments.
115
•
S
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
•
Activities
1
2
3
Progress Months
4
5
6
7
8
Procurement Process
(Daily, Monthly and Annual energy generation, facilities for daily, monthly & annual
Monthly monitoring of reduction in
Yes
Own Mechanism
Third Party
supplier
Yes
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Cost of transportation and insurance
Cost of installation and commissioning
Any other cost
Means of Finance
b) Contribution
of
Beneficiaries
organization
244.00Lakh
5.00Lakh
19.00Lakh
19.00Lakh
23.00Lakh
5.00Lakh
160,000LPD (3200sqm)
314.00Lakh
b) Contribution from
beneficiaries:
208.40Lakh
c) CFA from MNRE
105.60Lakh
116
d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital
grant)
deficiency
NA
Project Duration
6 months
The supplier will train engineers and technicians of KDMC / housing society for day to day operation,
monitoring and scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning, topping up of batteries etc.
During this period engineers and technicians from KDMC/ housing society will be trained for O&M of the
system.
(I) Flow meter will be installed where in manual recording of the reading will be maintained in a log.
The reading will be taken on a regular periodic basis.
(II) Data logging system for recording water temperature would be installed. This system will keep a log
of the cold water and hot water at the inlet and outlet of the SWH system respectively.
(III) Energy delivered in kcal by the SWH system will be calculated based on the quantity of the water
consumed and temperature rise of the water (Δt).
(IV) The flow meter reading needs to be taken regularly and average from the temperature logging
(V) Collected data will be reported to MNRE/ designated agencies on regular basis
As stated above
117
Ministry.
Signature _____________
Seal
Place:
Date:
118
Annexure
Sl.
no
Systems
to be
installed
Type
of
systems/
collector to be
used*
1
Solar
water
heating
systems
Flat plate type
a) Domestic
b) Others
Place(s) of
installation**
No. of
system
s
No. of
collect
ors/
dishes
Total
collector
area
(sq. m)
Applica
tion
Total cost
of
systems/
units
including
AMC
for 5 yrs
(apprx)
Subsidy
sought
from MNRE
@
Rs.3300/sq.
m
State
subsidy to
be
availed if
any @
Rs. ----
Expected
date
of
completion
Apartment
complex
800
16000
32000
Hot
water
314.00Lac
105.60Lac
208.40Lac
Sept.2011
ETC type
a) Domestic
b) Others
Storage
cum
collector
type
should be enclosed.
the Ministry.
119
10. Annexure IV – Pilot Project IV
Project Proposal
for
70kWp Stand Alone SPV Power Plant
under
1. Title of the Project: 70kWp rooftop Solar PV system for Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation Building.
2. Name of the Project Proponent: Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation.
Solar PV power plant generates clean electricity using sunlight thereby off set green house gases
produced by fossil fuel based power generating system. The country’s majority generation capacity is
largely coal based and produces high quantity of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. If the
untapped solar energy potential is realized carbon dioxide and other toxic gas emissions can be lowered
by significant quantity and thereby saving our environment. Therefore, every kilowatt of solar energy
produced has to be seen from this angle as a small but major step towards mitigation of carbon dioxide
emission and subsequently combat climate change. The proposed 70kWp PV power plant will generate
about 105000 kWh of clean electrical energy per year and will reduce 84 tons of GHG per year. Many
Government and commercial buildings in Kalyan Dombivli use Diesel Generator sets as standby power
supply system during load shedding hours. DG sets create pollution and generation cost of electricity
from DG sets is high which is Rs.15-Rs.20 per kWh based on capacity of DG sets and utilization of
capacity. Solar PV power plant generates electricity at much lower cost then DG sets and use of Solar PV
power plant can replace diesel set completely or reduce fuel consumption. Use of Solar PV power plant
also reduces peak load, air-conditioner load in particular.
The proposed 70kWp PV power plant in the KDMC building will generate 105000kWh per year which will
save equivalent amount of electricity consumed from the grid. The power plant will reduce peak load
and will supply power during load shedding hours thereby replace the use of diesel generator sets for
standby power supply.
PV systems are becoming increasingly popular in India however; experience in O&M of such system in is
very low. The first hand experience PV system O&M train engineers and technical staff in Kalyan
Dombivli Municipal Corporation, which will help in developing similar projects in future.
120
i
ii
a) Renewable Energy Service Providing Company
(RESCO)
Maharashtra.
Representative for Correspondence with telephone no., fax &
email
iii In case of Channel Partner other than Programme
Administrator, the following information will be provided:
b) Copy of Articles of Association, Registration No. & Date;
PAN/TAN No.
e) Whether MNRE has earlier sanctioned any SPV projects
for implementation to the Project Proponent, if yes,
please furnish information.
iv In case of 1 (e), please indicate:
a) Government Department, Autonomous Institution set up
by Central/ State Government, State Renewable Energy
Development Agency, Public Sector Undertaking
b) Others
NA
Body)
1. Summary of the Proposal:
Kalyan Dombivli is an important satellite township of Mumbai city. It is an important railway
junction. The city of Kalyan Dombivli forms one of the important urban agglomerations of
Maharashtra state. Owing to large urbanizable zone and its proximity to greater Mumbai, Kalyan
Dombivli is trying to enhance the quality of services, expand the infrastructure and accelerate its
economic growth. It has not only made its presence felt in terms of overall development and
commercialization but also in its many eco drives for a sustainable future. Kalyan Dombivli has
been approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to be developed as a solar city.
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) is the main organization which is responsible for
urban governance and civic management in the city of Kalyan Dombivli. The corporation has a
corporation boundaries. Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation is a very active organization for
121
initiating good practices and it has also come with the added supportive policy framework from
Maharasthra Government for the implementation of renewable energy initiatives.
It is proposed to install one 70kWp SPV power plant in Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation as
model Renewable Energy power generating systems to cater the electrical energy demand for the
office and simultaneously to set example and encourage entrepreneurs to invest on such projects.
The system will be installed in the administrative building of KDMC and will be opened to the
interested public and entrepreneurs. Trained manpower will be deployed to explain about the
system and benefits to the interested visitors.
building of Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation is located in the heart of the city. The building has
sufficient space on its roof for installation of 70kWp PV system. Average annual solar radiation in Kalyan
Dombivli is 5.08kWh/m2/day. The Corporation uses three DG sets (2 nos. 250KVA and 1 no. 100KVA)
alternatively to supply power during load shedding hours. Average load shedding per day reported be 4
hours. Based on the use of DG sets and occurrence of load shedding annual diesel consumption in the
corporation building is about 46.50kL.
4. Details of Proposed Systems :
I.
II.
III.
Proposed capacity of the SPV Power Plant: 70kWp
Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant : 1400 Sqm
Details of loads to be energized by Power Plant, calculations and justification for the
proposed capacity and expected annual energy generation
Details of the loads to be energized by Power Plant:-
Table fans
Ceiling Fans
Exhaust fans
Wall Fans
Air Conditioner I
Air Conditioner II
Air Conditioner III
Air Conditioner IV
Air Conditioner V
Television
Total
Annual
Annual
Total Load
Load
Hours of
Consumption Utilisation Consumption
No.s (W)
(kW)
Operation / Day (kWh)
(days)
(kWh)
34
60
2.04
9
18
300
5508
241
60
14.46
9
130
300
39042
44
300
13.20
9
119
300
35640
10
100
1.00
9
9
300
2700
42 1800
75.60
6
454
300
136080
2 9000
18.00
6
108
300
32400
4 6000
24.00
6
144
300
43200
6 3600
21.60
6
130
300
38880
2 2400
4.80
6
29
300
8640
2
100
0.20
4
1
300
240
122
Refrigerator
Electric Water Pump
Water Cooler
Incandescent
CFLs
Fluorescent Long
36 watt CFLs
Computers
TOTAL
2
200
2 11250
5
300
38
60
30
11
766
55
80
36
250
100
0.40
22.50
1.50
2.28
0.33
42.13
2.88
25.00
271.92
1
4
4
4
5
8
4
10
0
90
6
9
2
337
12
250
1597
DG set I
Diesel consumption @ 75% load
DG Set II
Diesel consumption @ 75% load
DG set III
Diesel Consumption @ 100% load
Power supplied by DG set per year assuming 50% usage of DG I, 50%
usage of DG II and 75% usage of DG III
Diesel consumption per day assuming 50% use of DG I, 50% use of
DG II and 75% use of DGIII
Diesel consumption per year
Approximate solar array area
Emission reduction
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
250
40
250
40
100
25
120
27000
1800
2736
495
101112
3456
75000
554049
KVA
Ltrs./hr
KVA
Ltrs./hr
KVA
Ltrs./hr
240000 kWh
235
46500
70
70
105000
44%
20344
84
Ltrs.
Ltrs.
kWp
sqm
kWh
Ltrs.
tonnes
IV. Output Voltage of the Power Plant: 440 V
V. Storage battery capacity: 300 kWh (3 hours backup for entire load except ACs and water pump)
VI. Building for housing the battery bank and plant control systems: Separate rooms within the building
available
VII. Distribution Network (if any): The existing distribution network will be used
VIII. Expected reduction in diesel consumption, if any: 30% (21500 liters per year)
System Components
PV Module
Charge Controller/
Inverter
Make and
Model
Make: MNRE
approved supplier
Mono/ Multi
crystalline
MNRE approved
supplier
Capacity
Numbers
200Wp at
STC
350 nos.
70kW
Integral part of
Power
Conditioning Unit
Indigenous/
Imported
Indigenous
Indigenous
123
Power Conditioning
Unit
Storage Battery Bank
Performance Data
Acquisition System
Other components
MNRE approved
supplier
MNRE approved
supplier
BIS or equivalent
70kW
1 no.
Indigenous
300kWh
1 set.
Indigenous
NA
1 No
Indigenous
BIS approved or
equivalent
As
As required
applicable
Indigenous
124
o
Sl.
No.
o
Activities
1
2
Procurement Process
3
Site survey & Engineering design
4
Erection of array mounting Structures
5
Module mounting and cabling
6
Installation of Power Conditioning Unit
7
Progress Months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
•
Project can be completed within 6 months from the date of finalization of vendor.
(Daily, Monthly and Annual energy
generation , logging, compilation and sharing with
MNRE)
Monthly monitoring of reduction in diesel
consumption, if any
Own Mechanism
Third Party
Remote Monitoring (for SPV power plants
having capacity above 5 kWp)
Performance will be monitored with facilities for
daily, monthly & annual power generation. Energy
meters and data loggers will be installed
accordingly.
Yes
In built monitoring system with energy meter and
data logger will installed
5 years AMC will be signed with the supplier
Yes
i. Cost of Systems Hardware
ii. Cost of transportation, insurance
iii. Cost of civil works and electrical works
iv. Cost of installation and Commissioning
v. Cost of Annual Maintenance for 5 years
vi. Any other related costs
Total Cost of Systems
Rs. 168.00
Rs.3.00
Rs. 13.00
Rs.13.00
Rs. 13.00
Rs. 2.00
Rs. 212.00
125
Total kWp SPV Capacity
70kWp
Means of Finance
b) Contribution of Beneficiaries organization
d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital grant)
f) Whether funds are in surplus or deficiency
NA
Project Duration
6 Months
a) KDMC : Rs. 106.00 Lakh
b) MNRE: Rs. 106.00 Lakh
The supplier will train engineers and technicians of KDMC for day to day operation, monitoring and
scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning, topping up of batteries etc.
During this period engineers and technicians from KDMC will be trained for O&M of the system.
- Arrangement for Generation Data Collection (applicable for SPV Power Plants having more than 10 kWp
capacity). Details of monitoring equipment proposed to be installed and method of supplying data to MNRE/
designated agency.
As stated above
- Method of monitoring of reduction in diesel consumption, if any. DG set logbook is being maintained in the
KDMC. The same will be maintained to know in reduction of operating time of DG sets after installation of PV
systems. The Solar system will
As stated above
126
PART G: Declarations and Certificates
A. It is certified that I/we have read the guidelines issued by the Ministry vide 5/23/2009/P&C dated 16th
June, 2010 and the related provisions/terms and conditions for availing financial support from the Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy and I agree to abide by these guidelines and related terms and conditions.
B. I understand that failure to comply by these guidelines may result in denial of financial support by the
Ministry.
C. I confirm that the present proposal in full or part has not been submitted / has been submitted to any
other agency for seeking support (In case proposal has been submitted to any other agency or under
consideration all details and a copy of the proposal must be submitted along with the present proposal).
D. I confirm that I will not submit the same proposal or a part thereof to any other funding agency, without
E. I confirm that the share of project proponent/beneficiaries shall not be lower than 20% in any
F. I confirm that the proposed solar PV system has not been installed/ supplied at the proposed sites or to
the proposed beneficiaries, prior to the receipt of project sanction letter from the Ministry.
G. There is no duplication in the proposal and the submitted proposal is the only proposal by the proponent
and to the best of our knowledge no other organization has submitted any proposal for the system at this
site to MNRE for financial support.
H. A detailed site survey has been done/or will be undertaken to identify the beneficiaries before actual
supply and installation takes place.
I. This is to certify that the various components of the SPV power plant will conform to the Relevant
Standards, as mentioned in the Guidelines for Off-grid and Decentralized Solar Applications (Annexure-3) for
SPV modules and components under JNNSM. Copies of the Relevant IEC/ BIS Certificates should be enclosed.
J. It is mandatory to provide technical performance specifications of each component of the power plant
proposed to be installed under the project. And for which the performance will be warranted.
K. All technical parameters and warranty requirements must meet or exceed the requirements mentioned in
the guidelines issued by the Ministry.
Place:
Date:
Signature _____________
Name & Designation
of Authorized Signatory
Seal
127
11. Annexure V - Pilot Project V
Project Proposal
for
Stand Alone Solar PV Systems
for
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
under
1. Title of the Project: Solar PV standalone system for Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
2. Name of the Project Proponent: Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation.
Solar PV power plant generates clean electricity using sunlight thereby off set green house gases
produced by fossil fuel based power generating system. The country’s majority generation capacity is
largely coal based and produces high quantity of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. If the
untapped solar energy potential is realized carbon dioxide and other toxic gas emissions can be lowered
by significant quantity and thereby saving our environment. Therefore, every kilowatt of solar energy
produced has to be seen from this angle as a small but major step towards mitigation of carbon dioxide
emission and subsequently combat climate change. A cumulative capacity of 105kWp PV power plant
will generate about 157500 kWh of clean electrical energy per year and will reduce 126 tons of GHG per
year. Use of solar streetlights and outdoor lights in the municipal parks will ensure illumination of these
areas during load shedding hours. Reliable traffic lights, blinkers and road studs will increase road
safety. Water pumps in the municipal parks will help in maintaining the parks green. Municipal parks
can avoid use of Diesel Generator sets as standby power supply system during load shedding hours
thereby reduces pollution and generation cost of electricity from DG sets. Use of Solar PV power plant
also reduces peak load, air-conditioner load in particular.
The proposed standalone PV systems in the KDMC area will maintain a minimum illumination level in the
roads and parks of the municipal area during load shedding and will save 157500kWh per year which will
save an amount of 7.89 lakh from electricity bill per year. The systems will reduce peak load and will
supply power during load shedding hours thereby replace the use of diesel generator sets for standby
power supply.
PV systems are becoming increasingly popular in India however; experience in O&M of such system in is
very low. The first hand experience PV system O&M train engineers and technical staff in Kalyan
Dombivli Municipal Corporation, which will help in developing similar projects in future.
128
i
ii
f) Renewable Energy Service Providing Company
(RESCO)
g) Financial Institutions (Banks, NBFCs, MFIs)
h) Financial Integrator
i) System Integrator
j) Program Administrator
Maharashtra.
Representative for Correspondence with telephone no., fax &
email
iii In case of Channel Partner other than Programme
Administrator, the following information will be provided:
f) Whether commercial or non-commercial.
g) Copy of Articles of Association, Registration No. & Date;
PAN/TAN No.
h) Audited Balance Sheet for last three years
i) Annual Report of previous year
j) Whether MNRE has earlier sanctioned any SPV projects
for implementation to the Project Proponent, if yes,
please furnish information.
iv In case of 1 (e), please indicate:
c) Government Department, Autonomous Institution set up
by Central/ State Government, State Renewable Energy
Development Agency, Public Sector Undertaking
d) Others
NA
Body)
1. Summary of the Proposal:
Kalyan Dombivli is an important satellite township of Mumbai city. It is an important railway
junction. The city of Kalyan Dombivli forms one of the important urban agglomerations of
Maharashtra state. Owing to large urbanizable zone and its proximity to greater Mumbai, Kalyan
Dombivli is trying to enhance the quality of services, expand the infrastructure and accelerate its
economic growth. It has not only made its presence felt in terms of overall development and
commercialization but also in its many eco drives for a sustainable future. Kalyan Dombivli has been
approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to be developed as a solar city. Kalyan
Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) is the main organization which is responsible for urban
governance and civic management in the city of Kalyan Dombivli. The corporation has a
129
corporation boundaries. Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation is a very active organization for
initiating good practices and it has also come with the added supportive policy framework from
Maharasthra Government for the implementation of renewable energy initiatives.
It is proposed to install 1000 solar streetlights, 10 solar traffic lights, 50 solar blinkers, 2000 road
studs, 200 outdoor lights for parks and 8 solar pumps in Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation as
model Renewable Energy systems.
The Kalyan Dombivli city is located at geographical coordinates of 27.18 N and 78.02 E. Average
load shedding in the city reported be 4 hours per day. The streetlights, traffic lights, solar blinkers
and road studs will be distributed in prime areas of the city. Outdoor lights and solar pumps will be
installed in all the municipal parks.
Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) will be the direct beneficiary of the project. KDMC
is responsible for providing the basic services infrastructure to city dwellers. The services include
water supply, sewage treatment and disposal, solid waste management, disaster management,
buildings and roads, street lighting, maintenance of parks and open spaces, cemeteries and
crematoriums, conservation of heritage sites, and registering of births and deaths.
4. Details of Proposed Systems:
I.
Proposed capacity of the SPV Systems:
Solar System Proposed No. Proposed system Capacity/unit (Wp) Total capacity (kWp)
Solar Street Light
1000
74
74.00
10
74
0.74
50
37
1.85
Road Stud
2000
3
6.00
Outdoor lights for Parks
200
74
14.80
Solar Pumps for Parks
8
1000
8.00
105.39
II.
III.
Availability of shadow free roof area for the power plant: Available
Details of loads to be energized by Power Plant, calculations and justification for the
proposed capacity and expected annual energy generation
Details of the loads to be energized by Power Plant:- As stated above
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
Output Voltage of the Power Plant: 12V
Storage battery capacity: 3 days autonomy for all systems except solar pumps
Building for housing the battery bank and plant control systems: Not required
Distribution Network (if any): Not required (Standalone)
Expected reduction in diesel consumption, if any: NA
130
System Components
PV Module
Charge Controller/
Inverter
Power Conditioning
Unit
Storage Battery Bank
Performance Data
Acquisition System
Other components
Make and
Model
Make: MNRE
approved supplier
Mono/ Multi
crystalline
MNRE approved
supplier
MNRE approved
supplier
MNRE approved
supplier
BIS or equivalent
MNRE approved
Capacity
Numbers
100Wp/
74Wp/ 37Wp/
3Wp at STC
3340 nos.
Indigenous/
Imported
Indigenous
As required
As required
Indigenous
Not required
Not required
Indigenous
As required
As required
Indigenous
NA
NA
Indigenous
MPPT required As required
for solar
pumps
Indigenous
o
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
o
Activities
1
2
Progress Months
3
4
5
Procurement Process
Installation and commissioning
• Project can be completed within 6 months from the date of finalization of vendor.
(Daily, Monthly and Annual energy
generation , logging, compilation and sharing with
MNRE)
Monthly monitoring of reduction in diesel
consumption, if any
Own Mechanism
Third Party
Remote Monitoring (for SPV power plants
having capacity above 5 kWp)
Performance will be monitored through regular
inspection.
NA
NA
5 years AMC will be signed with the supplier
NA
131
Rs. 252.00
Rs.5.00
Rs. 20.00
Rs.20.00
Rs. 20.00
Rs. 3.00
Rs. 320.00
i.
ii.
Cost of transportation, insurance
iii.
iv.
Cost of installation and Commissioning
v.
vi.
Any other related costs
Total Cost of Systems
Total kWp SPV Capacity
Means of Finance
b) Contribution of Beneficiaries organization
d) Other Source (s) of Funding (capital grant)
f) Whether funds are in surplus or deficiency
Project Duration
105kWp
a) KDMC : Rs. 160.00 Lakh
b) MNRE: Rs. 160.00 Lakh
NA
6 Months
The supplier will train engineers and technicians of KDMC for day to day operation, monitoring and
scheduled maintenance work such as cleaning, topping up of batteries etc.
During this period engineers and technicians from KDMC will be trained for O&M of the system.
- Arrangement for Generation Data Collection (applicable for SPV Power Plants having more than 10 kWp
capacity). Details of monitoring equipment proposed to be installed and method of supplying data to MNRE/
designated agency.
As stated above
- Method of monitoring of reduction in diesel consumption, if any. NA
As stated above
132
PART G: Declarations and Certificates
A. It is certified that I/we have read the guidelines issued by the Ministry vide 5/23/2009/P&C dated 16th
June, 2010 and the related provisions/terms and conditions for availing financial support from the Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy and I agree to abide by these guidelines and related terms and conditions.
B. I understand that failure to comply by these guidelines may result in denial of financial support by the
Ministry.
C. I confirm that the present proposal in full or part has not been submitted / has been submitted to any
other agency for seeking support (In case proposal has been submitted to any other agency or under
consideration all details and a copy of the proposal must be submitted along with the present proposal).
D. I confirm that I will not submit the same proposal or a part thereof to any other funding agency, without
E. I confirm that the share of project proponent/beneficiaries shall not be lower than 20% in any
F. I confirm that the proposed solar PV system has not been installed/ supplied at the proposed sites or to
the proposed beneficiaries, prior to the receipt of project sanction letter from the Ministry.
G. There is no duplication in the proposal and the submitted proposal is the only proposal by the proponent
and to the best of our knowledge no other organization has submitted any proposal for the system at this
site to MNRE for financial support.
H. A detailed site survey has been done/or will be undertaken to identify the beneficiaries before actual
supply and installation takes place.
I. This is to certify that the various components of the SPV power plant will conform to the Relevant
Standards, as mentioned in the Guidelines for Off-grid and Decentralized Solar Applications (Annexure-3) for
SPV modules and components under JNNSM. Copies of the Relevant IEC/ BIS Certificates should be enclosed.
J. It is mandatory to provide technical performance specifications of each component of the power plant
proposed to be installed under the project. And for which the performance will be warranted.
K. All technical parameters and warranty requirements must meet or exceed the requirements mentioned in
the guidelines issued by the Ministry.
Place:
Date:
Signature _____________
Name & Designation
of Authorized Signatory
Seal
133
12. Annexure VI - References & Bibliography
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
“India Power Scenario”, Young India Inc
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/natural-resource-solar-power-potential, 11.08.09, map credit: Hugo
Althenius, UNEP/GRID – Arendal
http://www.igreenspot.com/solar-powered-city-concept/, 12.08.09
“Solar and Sustainable Cities: Renewable Energy Information on Markets, Policy, Investment and Future
Pathways”, Eric Martinot, http://www.martinot.info/solarcities.htm, 10.08.09
“India: Addressing Energy Security and Climate Change”, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Ministry of
Power, Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Government of India
http://www.indiasolar.com/ren-india.htm, 12.08.09
“Solar Radiation Handbook 2008”, Solar Energy Centre, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Indian
Meteorological Institute
http://www.mnre.gov.in/
Source: MSEDCL
Source: State oil Coordinator (HPCL, BPCL, IOCL)
http://www.energymanagertraining.com/DesignatedConsumers/main.htm,
http://www.hindustanpetroleum.com/en/UI/AboutLPG.aspx
Source: MSEDCL, state oil Coordinator (HPCL, BPCL, IOCL)
Source: MSEDCL and State Oil Coordinator
Kalyan Dombivli CDP
Source: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/ ; http://www.mnre.gov.in/
Source: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/
Source: Biomass Resource Atlas of India (http://lab.cgpl.iisc.ernet.in/Atlas/Default.aspx)
Source: http://mnes.nic.in/shp-state/maharashtra.htm
(Source: Kalyan Dombivli Report)
http://www.mnre.gov.in/
Case-study booklet on Renewable Energy. 2009
Source:GEDA
Anil Dhussa: Presentation “ Biogas in India”, MeKalyan Dombivli to Markets Partnership – Meeting of Agr. SubCommittee April 22, 2004
CII. 2005. Development of small ESCOs to undertake biomass gasification projects for industrial applications.
Report prepared for MNES. Confederation of Indian Industries.
Basic Information Sourced from: Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation 2000.
(Biomethanation of Vegetable Market Waste – Untapped Carbon Trading Opportunities K. Sri Bala Kameswari,
B. Velmurugan, K. Thirumaran and R.A. Ramanujam. Department of Environmental Technology, Central
Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai, India Proceedings of the International Conference on
Sustainable Solid Waste Management,5 - 7 September 2007, Chennai, India. Pp.415-420)
(Energy Revolution, Green Peace International)
Renewable Energy: Economic and Environmental Issues, Pimental et al)
(A roadmap for renewable energy risks, Lloyd).
Source: Green Peace
134
CONTACT
Emani Kumar
Dwipen Boruah
ICLEI South Asia
Ground Floor, NSIC - STP Complex,
NSIC Bhawan, Okhla Industrial Estate
New Delhi - 110020
Phone: 011-41067220
Fax: 011-41067221
www.iclei.org/sa
135

Development of Kalyan

Transcription

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