bus shelter specification

Transcription

BUS SHELTER SPECIFICATION
Bus Improvement Project Phase 2
Project Implementation Team
Januari 2011
Bus Improvement Project Phase 2 (Project Implementation Team)
Bus Shelter Specification
Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative
This document has been published by the Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative (IndII), an
Australian Government funded project designed to promote economic growth in Indonesia
by enhancing the relevance, quality and quantum of infrastructure investment.
The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australian
Indonesian Partnership or the Australian Government. Please direct any comments or
questions to the IndII Director, tel. +62 (21) 230-6063, fax +62 (21) 3190-2994. Website:
www.indii.co.id.
Acknowledgements
This report has been prepared by Project Implementation Team of Sondang Napitupulu, Ben
Blythe, Repelita Tambunan, Indra Sielan, and A.H.A Irawan, PT Reka Desindo Mandiri who
was engaged as Sub‐consultants by SMEC International Pty Ltd, who manage IndII as
Consultant’s to AusAID as part of the Bus Improvement Project Phase 2.
The generous time given to the the Sub‐consultant by a range of persons related to the
Activity is gratefully acknowledged.
Any errors of fact or interpretation are solely those of the author.
PT Reka Desindo Mandiri
Jakarta, January 2011
i
Table of Contents
BUS SHELTER SPECIFICATION .................................................................................................. 1
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... ii
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. iv
List of Figures............................................................................................................................. v
ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................... vi
Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Back ground ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Objective of the Specification .......................................................................................... 1
1.3 Method ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.4 Scope................................................................................................................................ 1
1.5 Definition ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.5.1 Functional Specification ......................................................................................... 2
1.5.2 Technical Specification........................................................................................... 2
Chapter 2 Convenience .......................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Comfortable ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 Shelter Design ........................................................................................................ 3
2.1.2 Space Adequacy ..................................................................................................... 5
2.1.3 Air Circulation ........................................................................................................ 8
2.1.4 Cleanliness ............................................................................................................. 8
2.1.5 Weather Protection ............................................................................................. 10
2.1.6 Floor Surface Roughness...................................................................................... 10
2.1.7 Seat ...................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.8 Brightness ............................................................................................................ 12
2.2 Safety ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.2.1 Lighting................................................................................................................. 12
2.2.2 Railing................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.3 Barriers (internal-external) .................................................................................. 13
Chapter 3 Accessibility ......................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Accessibility for People .................................................................................................. 15
3.1.1 Ramp .................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.2 Stairs .................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.3 Clearance from Other Road Infrastructure .......................................................... 18
3.1.4 Walkway............................................................................................................... 18
3.1.5 Curb Ramp ........................................................................................................... 20
3.2 Accessibility for Bus ....................................................................................................... 20
3.2.1 Road Marking for Bus Operation ......................................................................... 21
3.2.2 Clearance of Bus Operation ................................................................................. 23
3.2.3 Bus Operation Support ........................................................................................ 24
Chapter 4 Surrounding environment unity .......................................................................... 26
4.1 Architectural Aspect ...................................................................................................... 26
4.2 Aesthetical Aspect ......................................................................................................... 26
4.3 Propotion with the Surounding ..................................................................................... 27
4.4 Shelter Landscape/Topography ..................................................................................... 28
4.5 Shelter Placement .......................................................................................................... 28
4.6 Drainage ......................................................................................................................... 30
Chapter 5
Connectivity ......................................................................................................... 31
ii
5.1
5.2
5.3
Bus Shelter Location ...................................................................................................... 31
Distance Between Shelter .............................................................................................. 31
Integration with Other Modes of Transportation.......................................................... 32
5.3.1 Parking ................................................................................................................. 32
5.3.2 Connectivity with Pedestrian Pathways .............................................................. 32
Chapter 6 Informative .......................................................................................................... 39
6.1 Identify ........................................................................................................................... 39
6.2 Travel Orientation .......................................................................................................... 40
6.3 Explain ............................................................................................................................ 40
Table of Contents (iii)
List of Tables
Table 1 Distance Between Shelter........................................................................................... 32
Table 2 Addition of Pedestrian Path Width ............................................................................. 37
Table 3 Pedestrian Crossing Facility According to PV2............................................................ 37
iv
List of Figures
Figure 1 Bus Dimension ............................................................................................................ 5
Figure 2 Recommended Space Adequacy ................................................................................. 6
Figure 3 Recommended Space for Normal People ................................................................... 6
Figure 4 Recommended Space for People with Luggage .......................................................... 6
Figure 5 Recommended Space for Sitting People ..................................................................... 7
Figure 6 Recommended Space For Wheelchaired People ........................................................ 7
Figure 7 Space For People With Crutch ..................................................................................... 7
Figure 8 Space for People With Stick......................................................................................... 8
Figure 9 Example of Trash Can Location on Back to Curb Type Shelter .................................... 9
Figure 10 Example of Rubbish Bin .......................................................................................... 10
Figure 11 Example for Seat ...................................................................................................... 11
Figure 12 Recommended Dimension of Waiting Chairs .......................................................... 11
Figure 13 External Barriers ...................................................................................................... 13
Figure 14 Internal Barrier ........................................................................................................ 14
Figure 15 Ramp........................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 16 Ramp Space for Wheelchair Maneuver................................................................... 16
Figure 17 Ramp........................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 18 Stairs ........................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 19 Shelter’s Clearance with Road Infrastructure ......................................................... 18
Figure 20 Example 1 of Walkway Area .................................................................................... 19
Figure 21 Example 2 of Walkway Area .................................................................................... 19
Figure 22 Curb Ramp ............................................................................................................... 20
Figure 23 Bus Line.................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 24 Bus Stop Cages......................................................................................................... 22
Figure 25 Manuver Area and Parking on Street Berries .......................................................... 22
Figure 26 Centre section of Bus Overhanging Footway as Its Exits Stops ............................... 22
Figure 27 Upstand Curb ........................................................................................................... 23
Figure 28 Example of Clearance Area...................................................................................... 24
Figure 29 Example of Unity of the Shelter with the Area........................................................ 26
Figure 30 Example of Bus Shelter Proportion with the Pedestrian Sidewalk.......................... 28
Figure 31 Placement of Stops Around the Intersection .......................................................... 29
Figure 32 Placement of Stops on the Road Straight................................................................ 29
Figure 33 Pathways Specific Surface for Disable ..................................................................... 33
Figure 34 Example of Bus Signage ........................................................................................... 40
v
ACRONYMS
AusAID
BRT
Bappenas
Bappeda
DGH
DED
EIA
EOI
GoA
GoI
IAR
IndII
INPRES
MDB
MEF
M/E
MoT
ODE
QAI
RFP
TOR
Australian Agency for International Development
Bus Rapid Transit
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (National Development
Planning Agency)
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (District/Regional Development
Planning Agency)
Directorate General for Highways
Detail Engineering Design
Environmental Impact Assessment
Expression of Interest
Government of Australia
Government of Indonesia
Initial Activity Request
The Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative
Instruksi Presiden (Presidential Instruction)
Multilateral Development Bank
Monitoring and Evaluation Framework
Monitoring and Evaluation
Ministry of Transport
AusAID’s Office of Development Effectiveness
Quality at Information report
Request for Proposal
Terms of Reference
vi
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Back ground
Urgency of mass transit system (MTS) development in Indonesian City as mandated in the RPJMN
that the government have to develop MTS in four Indonesian metropolitan cities by 2014. Share of
role between central and local government in the development of MTS in which infrastructures
provision will mainly belong to local governments. In order to best support the MTS, it is urgent to
give a guideline and reference to local governments or other related parties in the provision of BRT
supporting infrastructures.
1.2 Objective of the Specification
The objective of this
To provide local government with functionally and technically sound reference and guideline to
design, build and operate supporting infrastructure for BRT system
a. The functional specification will be developed based on BRT passenger and bus operation
process. The identification of such process to ensure that all required infrastructure components
are provided and well functioning in supporting such processes to be delivered in high quality.
b. The technical specification will be developed based on both national and international
engineering and architectural standards for particular infrastructure components defined in the
functional specification. The standard will ensure that the supporting infrastructure will have
high quality of construction material and workmanship with technical and engineering sound.
1.3 Method
The functional specification will be developed based on BRT passenger and bus operation process.
The identification of such process to ensure that all required infrastructure components are
provided and well functioning in supporting such processes to be delivered in high quality.
The functional specification consists of five main functions as follows:
1. Convenient
2. Accessibility
3. Environmental unity
4. Connectivity
5. Information
The technical specification will be developed based on both national and international engineering
and architectural standards for particular infrastructure components defined in the functional
specification. The standard will ensure that the supporting infrastructure will have high quality of
construction material and workmanship with technical and engineering sound.
1.4 Scope
In order to provide good integration with its surrounding environment, the functional and technical
specification will cover not only the infrastructure itself but also areas in the immediate vicinity of
such infrastructure (e.g. footpaths, pedestrian crossings, etc); In this stage, the development of
functional and technical specification will mainly focus for bus shelter and pedestrian facilities. The
development of such specification for the other supporting infrastructures will be developed
afterward.
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1.5 Definition
1.5.1 Functional Specification
Functional specification is a set of criteria in which the infrastructure will serve some particular
processes taking place within its area and its immediate vicinity.
1.5.2 Technical Specification
Technical specification is a set of standard for dimension, scale, proportion, type of material,
strength and other qualifications which is required to ensure that the built infrastructure can
sustainably deliver good performance.
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Chapter 2
Convenience
The design of bus shelter and provision of amenities that enhance security and comfort plays a
significant role in a person’s decision to use transit. Passenges amenities that installed at bus shelter
should improve passenger’s comfort and relatively attractive for them to use bus as transportation.
The shelter should passenger amenities furnitures such as seats, preferably located within the
shelter, and enough space for wheelchairs, pushchairs, shopping and luggage should also be
included where possible.
2.1 Comfortable
Comfotable is the convenience aspect that connect with the situation in or around the bus shelter.
When shelter design and interiors are uncomfortable, passengers will seek relief from elements
outside the shelter, appropriating walls org window ledges of nearby private property for their use.
Therefore, comfortable aspects are closely related with the design aspect of the shelter, furniture,
air circulation, cleanliness, wheater protection, and the brightness of the shelter.
2.1.1 Shelter Design
Transit stops and sheltered areas encompass of a number of individual elements that must be
planned in a holistic manner. There are a variety of road right-of-way conditions throughout a
municipality. The Bus Shelter construction should be be comparatively quick but it is essential that
there is minimal impact on adjacent land and buildings, or pedestrian and on road users.
Transit Stops and Shelters Design Considerations
- Bus shelter clarity using right angle solutions.
- Bus Shelter must provide a non-slip, solid, smooth, level and well-drained paved area around
the shelter and connect to adjacent walkways.
- Locate street furniture and signage to keep pedestrian access/circulation free of obstructions.
- Bus Shelter design provide increasing recognizability.
- Locate as near as possible to entrances to public buildings; this provides a sheltered waiting
area.
- Bus shelters should be designed with transparent sides for visibility and security.
- Include transit route map and seating in shelters.
- Provide consistency in design and location of doorways on bus shelters.
- Doorways should be marked with full visibility colour and oriented towards the sidewalk.
- Glass panels should be marked with with full visibility colour.
- Orient shelters and benches to allow view to oncoming transit vehicles, pedestrians and
adjacent development to provide for a high degree of informal surveillance.
- Provide seating with armrests both inside and outside of shelters with adequate space to
move around. Armrests provide leverage points to assist individuals in lowering and raising
themselves; therefore, they must be of sufficient strength to support a person’s weight.
Shelter Design Criteria
Transit shelters vary widely in materials and dimensions. The following dimensions are typical
shelters:
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Dimension
These dimensions can be used as a guideline for designing transit stop areas:
-
These dimensions can be used as a guideline for designing transit stop areas: 1.28 m wide x
2.4 m to 3.525 m length (4.2 ft x 7.9 ft – 11.62 ft).
Transit shelter openings should be a minimum width of 800 mm (2.62 ft).
The safety striping applied to doorways and transparent surfaces should be a minimum width
of 75 mm (3 in) wide.
Use contrasting colour schemes considering that colour perception is at its maximum with
orange, yellow and light green colours, and decreases towards red and violet. The stripe
should be at the mid-point of the transparent shelter panel, approximately 140-160 cm (5563 in) above ground level.
Sub Structure
Sub Structure should able to support enough weight on it, either construction or human.
-
It can also use other substructures based on the structural calculation of soil test
It use point substructure (footplate, pitting) for main column
Floor and Cover
Height level floor according to the bus floor height Base floor should strong and flat It is easy to
clean and maintain. The surface is safe and not slippery whether in dry or wet condition. Transit
shelters should be designed with transparent sides for visibility and security.
-
According to the bus type used, i.e. minibus with the height of 80 cm from the road surface
The base floor make from concrete rebate with minimum thickness of 10 cm
The floor uses ceramic
It is have rough texture, unpolished and not shiny
Main Structure
The Main structure should able to support the load on, and strong enough and resistance to
corrosion or another weather effect. Also the surface is not harmful to lean on the main pole uses Ø
8” galvanized pipe (painted) or concrete column (with smooth surface)
Roof
Roof protects user from weather, sun rays and rain. Especially it should protects the user from rain
particularly on loading area. Roof height provides enough height for bus and other transportation
modes to pass by. The roof is steady, safe, and not easily leaked
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Figure 1 Bus Dimension
-
The roof span is 0.8 m wider at both side and back.
The roof span is 1.2 m wider at front side
The roof span is 1.2m wider at front side
Minimum overhead canopy of 72 square feet with a minimum width of 6 feet is desired.
The minimum roof high of the front side is about 4m, It make from heavy roof.
The local community should be informed through notices on site and direct meetings in advance
that there may be disturbance during the construction period. It is essential that there is minimal
impact on adjacent land and buildings, or pedestrian and on road users when the construction is
undertaken. Consider that:
-
Wherever possible fabrication should be undertaken off site to ensure shorter on site
construction period.
Any disturbance to drainage, accesses or electricity service should be kept to an absolute
minimum.
During the construction period clear signs must be installed to inform road users, pedestrians
and local residents of the construction activities.
2.1.2 Space Adequacy
When designing a bus shelter, the space should be made as proportional as possible for passenger.
It should be has enough space for standing, waiting, an queuing, along with some luggage, an for
disable people, whether is people with wheelchair, people with stick, or people with crutches. It
should accommodate at least 20 peoples, assuming that it provide 8 seating places. (2 elderly, 2
maternal woman, 2 children, and 12 standing capacity).
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Figure 2 Recommended Space Adequacy
Shelter Capacity
The technical specification is:
- Space for standing, normal people:
Normal spacing will be, 1.875m for 4 people. With the waiting queue is 2.125m for 4 people.
Figure 3 Recommended Space for Normal People
-
Space for people with luggage
For people with single luggage it should have space at least 0.80-1.00m, as for people with
double luggage, it should has space at least 2.215m
Figure 4 Recommended Space for People with Luggage
-
Space for sitting people
Space for sitting people is 0.9x0.9 for 1 people
Page 6 of 40
Figure 5 Recommended Space for Sitting People
All active routes required to accommodate persons using mobility aids, walkers, should be a
minimum of 1500 mm wide;1675 mm is preferred. The maximum allowable protrusion of
objects into any pedestrian route from grade to a recommended height of 2030 mm is 100
mm. Bellow are the recommended space for disable people.
-
Space for wheelchaired people
Space for wheel chaired people should also consider their mobility. Space for waiting
0.80x1.10 m²
Figure 6 Recommended Space For Wheelchaired People
-
Space for people with crutch
Space for waiting and moving: 0.90x0.95 m².
Figure 7 Space For People With Crutch
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-
Space for people with stick
Space for waiting and moving: 0.90x0.95 m²
Figure 8 Space for People With Stick
2.1.3 Air Circulation
In orienting and configuring bus shelters, personnel should consider the environmental
charachteristic of ech shite. Because placement and design can positively, or negatively influence
passengers comfort. In a hot tropical country with rainy season, shelter design should consider the
protection from windy rain, but also the air circulation of the shelter.
Closed
Shelter can be fully enclosed by solid panel to protect the passenger from the climate. To enhance
ventilation and to reduce the clutter that can accumulate inside the shelter, a 6-inch clearance
between ground and the bottom of the panels is a standard in fully enclosed shelters.
Semi closed
Shelter can be semi closed to permit movement of air, with some panels to keep the passengers and
interior of the bus shelter from windy rain.
Technology such as moisters or air conditioner can also be used to enhance the interior
environment, however, such technology is expensive and maintenance-intensive.
2.1.4 Cleanliness
A clean bus shelter improves the passengers comfortable, therefore a trash can is essential furniture
for bus shelter. The trash can should not be located inside the shelter vicinity of the required clear
areas, and should preferably be located downstream of the bus shelter. The trash can location
should also take into account potential nuisances for waiting passengers, such as smells and flies.
There’s also a messages to encourage people to use the trash can.
In supporting the trash can service, the design of the shelters should ensure that there are no open
areas in and around the structure where rubbish can accumulate, and also For example:
- In one shelter the space under the platform was open at the back and people had thrown
rubbish in. This could be avoided by ensuring there are no such openings.
- the barrier of the pedestrian way at the back of the shelter was not flush against another
wall. This allowed rubbish to collect between the barrier and the other wall.
Specification for any trash can should ensure that they are easy for responsible stakeholders to
empty and should involve prior discussions with them about the form and specifications of bins they
prefer (for example would they prefer tipping metal containers; wooden bins etc). Consideration
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should also be given to materials for bin construction which will be long lasting with minimum
maintenance.
Trash-Can Placement Criteria
- Anchor the receptacle securely to the ground to reduce unauthorized movement.
- Locate the receptacle away from wheelchair landing pad areas and allow for at least a 3-foot
separation from other street furniture.
- Locate the receptacle at least 2 feet from the back of the curb.
- Ensure that the receptacle, when adjacent to the roadway, does not visually obstruct nearby
driveways or land uses.
- Avoid installing receptacles that have ledges or other design features that permit liquids to
pool or remain near the receptacle—this may attract insects.
- Avoid locating the receptacle in direct sunlight. The heat may encourage foul odors to
develop.
Figure 9 Example of Trash Can Location on Back to Curb Type Shelter
Trash-Can specification
- have local tandards
- be aluminium
- be 80 litre (or similar), circular and preferably with small slot perforations preferably silver in
colour,
- include a galvanised steel liner
- include a bird proof lid with ash option
- long lasting and be easily maintained
- be able to be bolted to hardstand (concrete) areas.
- practical for emptying.
Page 9 of 40
Figure 10 Example of Rubbish Bin
Coordination for rubbish pick with local stakeholders
In addition with trash can service ability, coordination with local stake holders who responsible for
emptying the trash can, (in this case Dinas Kebersihan) is needed. So there will be regular and
routine rubbish pick up (trash collection system) and no trash can are overflowing and reducing
opportunities for rubbish accumulation around shelters.
2.1.5 Weather Protection
Protection from weather is a major consideration in the Bus Shelter. Especially in hot and humid
tropical conditions almost through the year, fully open designs for stations are not preferable.
Therefore a Bus Shelter should provide better protection from the weather such as prevailing wind,
rain, sunlight and heat for waiting passengers. In any case, shelter should be coordinated with
landscapping to provide maximum, protection from elements. Trees and shrubs can be used to help
control sun, wind, and direct circulation. Shade trees reduce heat at a site, and provide additional
shade for patron waiting outside the shelter.
Caution has to be applied in this application so that visibility restrictions and, hence, safety concerns
do not arise.
Completely enclosed shelter is preferable because it fully protect the passengers from the weather,
but it would require the provision of air conditioning and ventilator fans. This will escalate the cost
involved in the maintenance of the station. Passive solar design and natural cooling techniques could
be soughtafter solutions to overcome climatic extremes.
2.1.6 Floor Surface Roughness
The surfaces of the platform, steps and ramps of the existing shelters should have enough rougness
to make an effective non slip surfaces
- For a ceramics floor, int should have raised pattern
- For a platform, a steel plate with raised patterns to make an effective non slip surface.
2.1.7 Seat
Seating is an essential feature of a bus shelter. It provide resting places for passenger who are
unable to stand for long period of time while waiting for bus as people need to feel comfortable
waiting for a bus. Many people, particularly the elderly cannot comfortably wait for a bus without
sitting down. It should has at least 45 cm height and 30 width.
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Seat Placement Criteria:
- Seating at bus shelter should be located as close as possible to the front door of the bus when
it pulls into the stop, providing that the required clear areas and minimum continuous
accessible path of travel ia maintained.
- Seating and shelters should be positioned so that sightlines between approaching buses and
waiting passengers (seated or standing) are maintained. They should also provide good
visibility for surveying the surrounding environment. Maintaining sightlines is particularly
important when planting trees in the bus stop surroundings.
Figure 11 Example for Seat
Seat Specification
- provided for more than 20 people
- preferably orientated towards the street
- made from resilient and graffiti-proof material
- have local standards approval
- preferably silver in colour, be easily maintained
- be able to be bolted to hardstand (concrete) areas, include anodised aluminium battens
(bench and backrest, if applicable) 1.75m long and end capped
- include armrests at each end (minimum requirement)
Figure 12 Recommended Dimension of Waiting Chairs
Page 11 of 40
2.1.8 Brightness
Beside providing adequate shade from sunlight and heat, shelter should provide adequate
brightness inside for safety and visibility operation. Adequately illuminate transit stops for
orientation and security.
2.2 Safety
Shelters must enable people to feel secure and safe while they wait for a bus. Shelters must also
have a design element within 150mm of the ground or above, so that they can be detected by use of
a long cane, have enough lighting system, and have railing system to protect the passengers from
falling down to the carriage way/bus lane/ and from dangerous matter from outside shelter.
Whenever possible, it should located near police station, or other activitiy nodes.
2.2.1 Lighting
Lighting facilities should be provided so that in night time services, the shelter and surounding area
have enough ilumination to suport their operation and the passengers. Therefore, electric supply has
to be installed in the bus shelter.
The bus stop and the area surrounding it should be well lit at night to ensure that:
-
passengers can get on and off the bus safely;
passengers feel secure waiting for the bus;
bus drivers can clearly see waiting passengers.
Poorly lit areas at bus stops can impact on the personal security of waiting passengers and the
visibility between drivers and waiting passengers. Ideally, the lighting will also provide bus stop users
with the opportunity to survey the surrounding area at night.
If lighting is not able to be provided, for safety and convenience the stops should be in well lit areas
making use of exiting street lights or lights from adjacent buildings.
Street Lighting
Poor and in adequate street lighting can contribute to issues of personal security. For safety and
convenience, good levels of illumination should be provided in the bus shelter area.
The shelter should be in well lit areas, making use of exiting street lights or lights from adjacent
buildings. Street lights should be 3-4m away from bus shelter area.
Bus Shelter Lighting
It has special lighting for dark due to timing (evening to night) or weather factor (cloudy, rain). The
lightings are installed at important places, such as stairs, ramps. Additional lighting over the transfer
area between the bus and the shelter is also needed.
The lightings are installed in up to 200 Lux (fluorescent lamps, reflector lamps, low-voltage halogen
lamps, compact fluorescent lamps).
2.2.2 Railing
Railing system is needed to provides safe and comfortable protection for the user from falling by
different levelling, especially for elder, children, the disables, and pregnant women. The
specifications should consider:
- Railing design should ensure that it will prevent children climbing through into the dangerous
situations.
Page 12 of 40
-
Railing design specification should consider mid level railing for children to hold.
As for the design:
 The railing should can resist horizontal pressure, it is strong, ergonomic, and smooth
 Railing height of 800 mm – 920 mm (2.6 ft – 3 ft)with extra mid railing for children 65 cm.
 Extend handrails a minimum of 300 mm (1.0 ft) beyond top and bottom of ramp and
return into wall.
 Railing diameter should be 45-50 mm (1.7 in – 1.9 in) with a minimum clearance between
rail and wall of 40 mm (1.5in).
2.2.3 Barriers (internal-external)
Barrier system is a fence inside and outside the shelter which is needed to protect the passengers
safety. The barriers had the dual benefits of preventing vehicles getting onto and blocking the
footpath and preventing people and young children from walking onto the road There are 2 (two)
kind of barriers in the shelter:
External Barrier
External Barriers is needed to protect passengers when they’re accessing the bus shelter, or when
leaving it. When planning The external barries , should consider:
-
Barriers should provide enough safety and comfortable protection for the user from falling by
different leveling of pathways and carriageways/bus lane.
Barriers should able to resist horizontal pressure
External barriers are designed to be in sympathy with the architecture of the surrounding
environment with clean and simple details, and no visible fixings or sharp edges.
Design Criteria:
-
The barriers should be round or oval.
The Barrier Height is 80 cm.
Barrier colour should contrast with the surrounding environment.
A steel rail with a damage resistant coating is used instead of stainless steel. It is self-cleaning
and resistant to wear and tear.
Figure 13 External Barriers
Page 13 of 40
Internal Barriers
External Barriers is needed to protect passengers when they’re inside the bus shelter. When
planning. The external barriers should be safety for young children not to falled down. The external
barries , should consider
-
Barriers should provide enough safety and comfortable protection for the user from falling by
different leveling of the platform and bus lane.
Barriers should able to resist horizontal pressure
It is self-cleaning and resistant to wear and tear. Installation is straightforward and, upon
removal, the site requires little repair. A lack of flat, horizontal surfaces discourages litter and
concealment of suspect packages
Figure 14 Internal Barrier
Design Criteria
-
The barriers should be round or oval.
The Barrier Height is 80 cm.
It is made of stainless steel or galvanic pipe with Ø2.5” diameter
Page 14 of 40
Chapter 3
Accessibility
It is important to recognise the different requirements and mobility levels of individual passengers
when providing access alternatives, and the bus itself. The challenge is to achieve a balanced
package of alternatives which accurately reflect the needs of existing and potential users.
Stop and station environments which are recognisable and easily interpreted, facilitate good
passenger movement and vehicle operation within the network.
The ‘preferred access’ hierarchy should also be considered when developing passenger waiting
facilities. The ‘preferred access’ hierarchy for line-haul access is:
1. walk
2. cycle
3. feeder public transport
4. kiss n’ ride
5. park n’ ride
Passenger waiting facilities, particularly stop and station environments, form an important part of
the public transport experience as they are gateways to bus transportation network throughout the
city area.
3.1 Accessibility for People
When developing stop and station environments, it is necessary to understand the access needs for
every passenger’s entire journey. These include how passengers accessed the stop or station.
The bus shelter should be easilly accessible for wheelchair user transfer to the bus or for easy
transfer for people with mobility or balance problems, visual disabilities, the elderly, and young
children, heavily pregnant women or women carrying babies or young children.
For a high platform bus shelter for high deck bus, stairs and ramp is a must. Ramp is a must because
bus shelter should allow wheelchair users who may wish to wait at the shelter. Also a sufficient
unobstructed space is required at the those door for the ramp to be deployed.
A tactile ground surface indicators should be at the shelters. These are usually placed on the edge of
steps and the platform to assist people, such as the elderly, pregnant women, and visually impaired
to see and negotiate steps. They are rough strips with luminant contrast. Other forms of tactile
ground surface include patterns of slightly raised nodes.
3.1.1 Ramp
Ramp should passable by at least one wheelchair user, safe and comfortable for users. The surface
at the beginning or the end of the ramp must have textures so that it is not slippery, even when it
rains.
The ramp dimensions required for a wheelchair to navigate the corner would need to be included in
the specifications if similar ramps are constructed in the proposed shelters. Ramp should have railing
to provides safe and comfortable protection for the user from falling by different levelling; it can
resist horizontal pressure, it is strong, ergonomic, and smooth
Page 15 of 40
Figure 15 Ramp
Figure 16 Ramp Space for Wheelchair Maneuver
Ramp Design Criteria
-
-
Ramp width to be 870 mm (2.85 ft) minimum with 920 mm (3.0 ft) recommended.
Have a maximum gradient of 7% (±1:12).
Have a level area of at least 1.5 m x 1.5 m (4.9 ft x 4.9 ft) at the top and bottom.
Have a level area at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long and at least the same width as at:
Intervals of not more than 9 m (29.5 ft) along its length, and
Where there is an abrupt change in the direction of the ramp
Provide railings on both sides of ramp at height of 800 mm – 920 mm (2.6 ft – 3 ft).
Extend handrails a minimum of 300 mm (1.0 ft) beyond top and bottom of ramp and return
into wall. Railing diameter should be 45-50 mm (1.7 in – 1.9 in) with a minimum clearance
between rail and wall of 40 mm (1.5in).
In landscape area, it need radian 150 cm wide for turning
In ramps area, it need radian 110-120 cm wide for turning
It is made of stainless steel or galvanic pipe with Ø2.5” diameter
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Figure 17 Ramp
3.1.2 Stairs
Public can use the stairs comfortably, especially women, elderly and disable people. It should safe
for user, whether in dry or wet condition.
Stairs slope not more than 30 degrees, and completed with hand rails on both side with 80 cm
height from the floor and the railing is safe for children with 65 cm height from the floor.
Figure 18 Stairs
-
A minimum width for two-way traffic is 1.52 m (60 in).
Minimum tread depth of 275 mm (10.75 in).
Riser height range between 170-190 mm (6.75-7.5 in).
Stair nosings to be a maximum of 20 mm (0.75 in).
Stairs should have a landing at every 3.6 m (11.8 ft) minimum with 2.0 m (6.5 ft) preferred,
measured vertically.
Texture warning surface at top and bottom of stairs to be 1 m (3.2 ft) in width.
Provide handrail on both sides of stairs at height of 800 – 920 mm (2.6 ft – 3.0 ft).
Page 17 of 40
-
Extend handrails a minimum of 300 mm (1.0 ft) beyond top and bottom of staircase and
return into wall.
The stair’s angle is not more than 30º
The steps must have the same height with the specific measurement: 2r(height)+g(width) =63
cm (1 stride)
The stairs is completed with handrail on each sides.
It has 65 - 80 cm height from the floor and free from potential disturbing elements; the edges
or the ending must be rounded or turned towards floor, wall, or column.
Exterior steps should be of firm; non-slip materials with a recommended maximum rise of
180 mm, and a maximum tread length of 280 mm.
The ceramic flooring has texture and unpolished; step-nosing must added on its edge.
The footing has good declivity to prevent water to stay on.
3.1.3 Clearance from Other Road Infrastructure
When passengers to access shelter or leave the shelter, cultivated for a minimum disturbance due to
the presence of other road infrastructure. So is the existence of shelters, should not interfere with
utility functions and the signs and other road equipment that already exists. Location of shelter at
the nearest sidewalk or overhanging the sidewalk should be avoided because it may prevent or
restrict public pedestrian traffic.
- The distance from hydrants at least 3m
- The sidewalk width left at least minimum 3 m
Figure 19 Shelter’s Clearance with Road Infrastructure
3.1.4 Walkway
Walkway is a transition pathways or area connecting the bus shelter to pedestrian pathways, or vice
versa. Walkways provide a direct as possible route between transit stops and pedestrian
destinations.
When design a walkways, it should designed for maximum clarity using right angle solutions. Like
pedestrian pathways, walkways should provide non-slip surfaces that are solid, smooth, level and
well drained in all weather conditions. And grade changes should be minimized.
The path junctions between pedestrian pathways and walkways should well defined and clear of
obstructions. If obstacles do exist, distinguish them with tactile warning strips of safety rails. Its edge
defined clearly, especially adjacent to vehicular routes to aid visually impaired persons in following
the walkway. Options include curbs, low railings, tactile strips, etc.
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Service elements such as manholes and gratings on walkways should be avoided. If necessary, orient
gratings perpendicular and flush with path direction and surface.
Walksways should be designed with adequate widths and overhead clearance to enable
unobstructed travel with illumination for orientation and security.
Figure 20 Example 1 of Walkway Area
Figure 21 Example 2 of Walkway Area
Walkways design criteria:
- Walkway slope must be a gradient of less than 5%. Any gradient exceeding this must be
considered a ramp.
Page 19 of 40
-
-
-
Maximum cross slope of 2%.
Minimum clear width 1.1 m (3.6ft) for secondary paths; Minimum clear width 1.8 m (6.0 ft)
for primary paths.
Minimum clear width at transit stops 3.0 m (9.8 ft).
Minimum overhead clearance from grade 2.0 m (6.5 ft)
Maximum width of expansion joints 15 mm (0.6 in).
Slip-resistant concrete surfaces should be brushed finish or have an integral abrasive grain.
Maximum clear opening of 13 mm (0.5 in) for flush gratings.
Avoid level changes under 10 mm (0.4 in).
Tactile warning strips should be provided at all new transit stop areas and along major
pedestrian routes adjacent to roadways where there is no separation such as a grassed
border and between the walkway and road.
Tactile warning strips should be recessed rather than raised and have a minimum width of
600 mm (2.0 ft). For major hazards, such as vehicular situations, a minimum width of 1 m (3.2
ft) is required. The tactile warning strip should be placed a minimum of 1 m (3.2 ft) before the
hazard, if possible.
Use minimum 75 mm (3 in) high warning curb when path elevation exceeds 75 mm (3 in)
above adjacent grade.
3.1.5 Curb Ramp
Curb Ramp is a slope from the pathways to carriageway, to provide the wheelchair user when they
acessing the pedestrian pathways.
Figure 22 Curb Ramp
3.2 Accessibility for Bus
Like acessibility for peopple, the shelter should easily be accessed by bus. In order to do it, the
shelter should have enough road marking, adequate manuvering space and another supporting
item.
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3.2.1 Road Marking for Bus Operation
Bus Line
It provides physical safety for the bus and the passengers. The line provides guidance for driver to
easily park the bus precisely next to the bus stop’s door (loading points). The guidance is installed to
guide the bus’s driver to place the bus at defined points
The lane surface has different texture and colour to ensure clear guidance.
- absolute minimum is 8m of approach manoeuvring space, 11m to park, and 4m to exit for a
total of 23m.
- within 6 metres of an intersection, unless explicitly authorised by the road controlling
authority (this is not recommended for bus stops);
- on 'no stopping' lines - these are broken, yellow lines within 1 metre of the kerb;
- within 6 metres of the approach side of a pedestrian crossing;
Figure 23 Bus Line
Bus Cage
The bus stop marking on the carriageway often referred to as the bus 'cage', is used to define the
limits of the bus stop. The purpose of the bus stop cage should not merely be seen as identifying a
stopping point. The bus stop cage has four distinct and important objectives – it defines an
unobstructed area of the carriageway where the bus can:
- approach;
- straighten up;
- stop; and
- exit.
It is a key requirement that a bus stop cage marking is provided and the area defined by the cage is
unobstructed to allow easy entry and exit for the bus and thus, improved ride quality for passengers.
The technical specification is:
- Bus stop cages are usually 3m width. The marking can be reduced/increased by up to 10%.
So, bus stop cages should be between 2.0-2.7m with 2.5m preferred.
- Waiting areas at bus stops should be of level and firm materials, at least 2000 mm wide by
12000 mm long, in order to accommodate waiting persons.
Highlighting the bus stop cage to indicate to other road users that it is an area for use by buses is
recommended. This can be achieved by providing a red coloured surface treatment within the cage,
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either through a coloured surface dressing or a coloured bituminous surface course. This has proved
effective in deterring illegal parking and reducing enforcement problems
Figure 24 Bus Stop Cages
Bus manuver area
At locations where buses often have to manoeuvre around parked vehicles to pull up to and away
from the stop, designers need to understand the implications of reducing the cage dimensions.
A clear exit distance of 9m is the minimum necessary for buses to leave the stop and rejoin the
general traffic lane without the rear of the vehicle overhanging the kerb in the vicinity of waiting
passengers. Exceptionally, in a highly constrained situation, this dimension could be reduced to an
absolute minimum of 7m.
The area for manuvering must have surfaces that are flat, firm and slip resistant.
Jalan Raya
Batas Parkir
On Street
Jalur Bus
Manuver area
9 meter
Bus
11 meter
Shelter
Figure 25 Manuver Area and Parking on Street Berries
Figure 26 Centre section of Bus Overhanging Footway as Its Exits Stops
Page 22 of 40
Batas
Parkir
On
Street
Guiding Curb
Curb is the boundary between the highway / bus lane with bus shelter. The 'standard' curb height at
bus stops is 125mm, although designers need to check site conditions to obtain the correct gradient
when a ramp is deployed. A check should be made for any potholes or gullies below the road
channel, which could affect bus operation. It is recommended that curb heights should be increased
to a maximum of 150mm.
Height of curb should be no higher than the minimum ground rules. Height of curb higher than the
ground distance buses may only be used in locations where there is no possibility of a bus stuck in
curb. The use of high pavement, curb standards, and transition / change them will require careful
consideration at the bus stop.
But for the type of shelter with a height above 50cm, with a high-floor buses, curb’s height of 150
mm can be used because there is no possibility of a bus stuck on the floor when docked to the bus
shelter as in the lower deck in London.
Figure 27 Upstand Curb
‘Special’ Curbs
The ideal curb arrangement should provide close vertical and horizontal alignment between the bus
floor and adjacent footway. However, it is sometimes difficult for bus drivers to position their
vehicles close to curb s of traditional design, as they are not easily seen from the drivers' cab
position, and the driver will wish to avoid damage to the vehicle.
‘Special’ curb s, such as ‘Kassel’ curb s, provide the additional height required to reduce step height
and have a profile to help guide the bus along the curb edge and into a position with reduced
horizontal gap between bus and footway.
These curb s are more durable and less likely to be damaged by contact with bus tires. They are also
made with materials that are better able to cope with bus tires contact, without damage to the tire.
It is recommended that the following minimum lengths of raised kerbs be provided at bus stops:
-
4 metres at lightly used or alighting only stops
7 metres at single bus stops where only one bus is scheduled to arrive at any one time and a
standard shelter is provided
3.2.2 Clearance of Bus Operation
Buses usually travel along the curbside lane, making frequent stops for Rider boarding and alighting.
To safely curb the bus the following minimum clearance envelope requirements apply:
Page 23 of 40
-
-
Overhead obstructions should be a minimum twelve feet above street surface. Note: The
Palm Beach County standard for a minimum overhead obstruction is thirteen feet 6 inches.
Curbside obstructions should be a minimum two feet from the curb edge (or street edge) to
facilitate bus mirror clearance. Note: The Palm Beach County standard for minimum curbside
obstruction is four feet.
Desired travel lane width is twelve-foot to accommodate mirrors (14-ft including gutter).
Figure 28 Example of Clearance Area
In addition to lane width, posted speed, increased additional traffic volume, right of way
enforcement, and roadside obstructions (retaining walls, abutments, parked vehicles, construction
materials and other roadside control fixtures) affect safe and efficient Bus operation. A twelve-foot
desirable travel lane width minimizes the impact of those factors.
Signage should also be provided to state that motor cycles and cars are prohibited from parking in
the access way to the shelter.
Specifications should ensure that any hindrances to access to the shelter such as poles are
prohibited.
3.2.3 Bus Operation Support
Floor
Height level floor according to the bus floor height Base floor should strong and flat It is easy to
clean and maintain. The surface is safe and not slippery whether in dry or wet condition. Transit
shelters should be designed with transparent sides for visibility and security.
-
According to the bus type used, i.e. minibus with the height of 80 cm from the road surface
The base floor make from concrete rebate with minimum thickness of 10 cm
The floor uses ceramic
It is have rough texture, unpolished and not shiny
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Care should be taken to ensure that the platform and the bus floor are level in the specifications and
the construction of the proposed shelters.
Platform
The Platform/vehicle interface has a strong influence on the boarding and alighting speeds. Level
Boarding is attained through precision docking system at stations having a high platform stations (as
located in Curitiba, Bogotá and Quito)
Shelter Platform Height has to be matched with the floor height of the bus. The Surfaces must be
stable, firm, and slip-resistant. Such provisions are beneficial for all transit users, but especially for
those who have disabilities. Avoid abrupt changes in grade, and bevel those that cannot be
eliminated. Any drop greater than 1/2 inch or surface grade steeper than 1:20 requires a ramp. The
width of the platform varies from 1.5m for a transit shelter to 5m to large shelter.
The following finishes are considered satisfactory in both wet and dry conditions subject to
wheelchair requirements:
- Concrete with abrasive or textured finishes.
- Concrete with exposed aggregate finish.
- Bituminous concrete.
- Natural stone with a rough finish.
- Paving bricks with special abrasive finish (bevelled edges or chamfered arises shall not be
used).
A specification is needed ensure that the transition platforms do not protrude too far into the road
where they could be a danger to passing vehicles and motor cycle riders.
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Chapter 4
Surrounding environment unity
When design a bus shelter, we should consider the unity of the shelter, minimaly with the area
aroud it, or with the local culture maximally. In doing so the existence shelter not only it
undisturbing the existing environment area, but it contributing in the improving of the surounding
area’s harmony.
4.1 Architectural Aspect
Transit stops and sheltered areas encompass of a number of individual elements that must be
planned in a holistic manner. There are a variety of road right-of-way conditions throughout a
municipality. The appropriate design solution will be that which best meets the pedestrian’s needs
within that particular width of boulevard and has regard to the context of the neighbourhood. It
must be stressed that suggested guidelines are flexible and should be tailored to the boulevard
conditions of the right-of-way at a particular stop.
Whenever possible, the bus stop should not only represent their main function. It should represent
the image of modern architecture design, and symbolize the local charachteristic
- The bus stop is open type
- It use the newest material
- It paint the specific identity colour or pattern
- Materials used in these areas should be durable and any faults quickly remedied.
Figure 29 Example of Unity of the Shelter with the Area
4.2 Aesthetical Aspect
Aesthetics and passenger friendliness in addition to a modern appearance together formulate the
essential architectural considerations. The design should symbolize an image representing speed in
hand with modernity a locally. In conjunction with the neatness and beauty, shelter should be able
to enhance the beauty and neatness of the environment.
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Related to the neatness of one of the classic problems in the shelter environment is advertising. To
improve the neatness of the appearance of ads result in excessive visual clutter and should be
limited to the bus stop. The location for the placement of advertisements in the vicinity of the bus
shelter should be regulated.
One of the classic problems in public bus stop in Indonesia was the establishment of the shop or
building in the vicinity of his illegal trade. The existence of stalls to reduce shelter’s aesthetical. For
that in designing a shelter should be made so as not to attract shops and other illegal traders to
move closer to shelter.
4.3 Propotion with the Surounding
The proportion regarding the minimum distance shelter with the surrounding buildings, especially
shops, places of worship or hospital, or with other environmental aspects
In proportion with the sorrounding, these aspect must be considered:
- Tree:
A mature/ large tree removal must be avoided. Especially if the trees are reserve and a major
environmental feature of city.
- Land Acquisition:
Any land acquisition shoud be avoided. If there’s any, in all situations where food and other
stalls are affected it is important to provide advance warning of the proposed and to give
time for the operator to move or if necessary to object.
- Shops
Shelter should not affect the nearest shops, especially when the need for space acquisition.
Indeed, in reality, the shelter provides a positive impact on surrounding buildings and other
benefits from potential customers.
But the location of the shelter in front of shop windows should be avoided so it is not
interfere the store advertising appearance.
Nevertheless, it is important that all owners of adjacent shops, residents and businesses
informed through the proposal on the latest occasion and every comment is taken into
account in the final design and location.
- Adjancent Building
The other important consideration is the distance from the bus stop with the hospitals and
religious buildings. Because it must consider the needs of the building with bus transportation
services, but also requires a peaceful environment around the building. At least 100 meters
from the hospital buildings and places of worship, but it could be closer or farther. So deal
with building management must be made before placing a bus stop nearby.
Page 27 of 40
Figure 30 Example of Bus Shelter Proportion with the Pedestrian Sidewalk
4.4 Shelter Landscape/Topography
Where possible locate bus stops on a level section of road to maximise accessibility and safety for
mobility impaired passengers.
Bus stops on hills may need to be located closer together to allow for reduced walkability. A
suggested guideline is to reduce the maximum walk distance of 400 metres to a bus stop by 10
metres for every 1 metre rise or fall.
Rivers may place a physical constraint on access to bus stops. Bus stops on routes adjacent to rivers
should be located to maximise access by bridges.
4.5 Shelter Placement
The location of the shelter must support the circulation patterns of customers, reducing the number
of pedestrian congestion at bus stops, and reduce conflict with pedestrian activity nearby. Setting
the bus stop placement must be determined that the recommended guidelines are flexible in various
urban and suburban locations, and must be adapted to the conditions of a certain line boulevard.
When the bus stops directly adjacent to the building next door, at a distance of 12-inches must be
maintained to allow for removal or clean up the stop, and consider the placement of traffic flow
- The maximum distance within bus stop with pedestrian crossing facilities is 100m
- The minimum distance from the junction bus stop is 50 meters, or depending on the
distance the vehicle queue
- Stop passing around the intersection of adopting a mixed system, ie after crossing (farside)
and before crossing (nearside), as shown below
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Figure 31 Placement of Stops Around the Intersection
-
Placement of the stop on the straight path is seen as the image below
Figure 32 Placement of Stops on the Road Straight
Some places should be avoided when designing the placement of bus stops:
- Close enough to the various angles, bend, rise, dip, local traffic, or intersections to impede
the driver's view of the approaching vehicle, unless explicitly authorized by the policy of the
road (this is not recommended to the bus stop);
- As far as 6 meters from the intersection, unless explicitly authorized by the policy of the road
(this is not recommended to the bus stop);
- On track 'can not stop' - shaped zig-zag lines, yellow from a distance of 1 meter from the
edge of the road;
- In a distance of 6 feet from the side adjacent to pedestrian paths;
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-
The signs are placed to indicate that most road vehicles is provided on the basis of the class
indicated by signs (eg, taxi services or goods vehicle). In many cases, these restrictions are
marked with dashed yellow lines more than 1 meter from the curb
4.6 Drainage
Shelter should not be built on the side of the river it can reduce the width of the river or block
existing drainage channels. Poor drainage, so water 'ponding' on the small road around the
passenger waiting area or on the kerb at the traffic lane, can affect the passenger environment.
Ponding at the kerbside can result in passengers being splashed by passing traffic (or the bus) and it
is, therefore, important that good drainage is provided.
The drainage design should consider the types of channels in the vicinity. So it does not interfere
with the way water. Things that to be considered:
- Side gutter of the road is reserved for drainage, so that the is road free from the stagnant
water.
- Side gutter of the road is not allowed to be used other than as designated above, this means
that the disposal of garbage or other objects which can reduce the gutter function is stirctly
forbidden.
- When the side gutter will be converted as a sanitation sewer, it must follow the requirements
set by the Minister of Public Works.
- Road crossings over the side gutter, should not reduce the size of the channel.
- Effective management during construction must ensure that any garbage is not deposited in
the channels
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Chapter 5
Connectivity
In designing a bus shelter, we must consider their service ability an capability with the surrounding
environment. Also the position of shelter with the environment is not interfere with existing traffic
flows.
5.1 Bus Shelter Location
When considering the location, shelter must visible from all sides. It is important to ensure that
pedestrian/motor vehicle conflicts are minimized and drivers can see waiting passengers.
The design consideration is:
- A Shelter should located in the area that can easly accessed by the passenger
- where there is sufficient pavement area for buset to stop out of the main traffic stream, allowing
unhindered traffic movement
- Bus shelter shoulf close with other transport modes facility (taxi pool, railway station) and
located maximum 500 m
- Close to major attractions (e.g. shopping centres, in commercial or food stall areas, or community
centres), where located maximum 500 m, with existing pedestrian movements which minimises
walking distances and assists with passenger safety
- away from tight bends, hill crests or gullies as these can create blind spots for vehicles. Bus
operators need to see traffic approaching from the rear and clear sightlines need to be
maintained between the bus operator and the bus stop and passengers.
- located at the street with minimum width of 5.75 m
- the locations of bus shelters need to be as close as possible to where transport which services
housing areas brings passengers to the main road. In addition, for women’s security the shelters
should not be located in isolated areas.
- The bus shelters should be located at a safe distance on the exit side of any zebra crossings.
5.2 Distance Between Shelter
The recommended distances seek to provide a balance between access and efficiency depending on the
specific requirements of each area or service.
Speed and reliability is vital to increasing public transport use on priority bus routes. Bus journey times
are affected by the number of stops on a route and therefore a careful balance must be achieved. The
higher service frequency and additional facilities at stops can provide some compensation to passengers
who are disadvantaged by having further to walk.
Access is more of a priority in the city centre and other activity centres where there is increased demand
for convenient stopping points. Additional bus stops may be provided in these areas if there is an
identified need e.g. a major demand generator located nearby.
The government aims to erect shelters at distances of 300-400 meters. While this is very suitable for
built up areas, there are likely to be some locations where this standard distance may but not be
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appropriate if population density is low. The Distance between shelter is 300-500 meters, or depends on
service area
Table 1 Distance Beetwen Shelter
Zone
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Source
Land Using
Location
Distances between
Bus Stop (m)
Very Crowd center activity:
CBD, kota
200-300m
shopping district
Crowd: office, school, other
Kota
300-400m
service facility
Crowd: Settlement
Kota
300-400m
Mixed crowd: Settlemet, school,
Sub urban
300-500m
other service faciity
Mixex sparse: settlemet, crop
Sub urban
500-1000m
field, rice field, unused land.
: Technical Guidance Engineering Station Place Public Passenger Vehicle,
Ministry of Transportation
Note that the 200m distance is only used when its really nacessary. The distance is commonly used to
CBD, is 300m.
If the project is to provide any designs for transit shelters, there should be more space and seating.
Passengers were standing waiting for their bus and when passengers alighted from their bus there was
some to avoid confusion and crush among people waiting and alighting to get on the bus because of the
lack of space. More space and better seating arrangements would reduce this.
5.3 Integration with Other Modes of Transportation
Shelter should be maximized out their service by connecting them to other transport modes, especially
to support the “Park and Ride System” and “Kiss and Ride System”
5.3.1 Parking
Bicycle Parking is essential for bicyle user using bus services for a far trip. Bike rack or lockers should be
placed away from other pedestrian or bus patron activities to improve safety and reduce congestion. It’s
good if we can coordinate the location of bike rack with the existing on-site or street lighting.
Ensure parked bikes are visible at all times. Do not locate bicycle parking where views are restricted by a
bus shelter, landscaping, or existing site elements, such as walls.
Design and placement of bicycle parking facilities should complement other transit furniture at bus stop,
and covered or weather protected parking locations are an important bonus to bicyclists.
5.3.2 Connectivity with Pedestrian Pathways
In order to maximize the bus transportation services, connectivity with the pedestrian pathways has to
be made. Bus Shelter may not block the existing pedestrian pathways. Pedestrian path diversion has to
be applied to avoid bus shelter blockage.
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The appropriate design solution will be that which best meets the pedestrian’s needs within that
particular width of boulevard and has regard to the context of the neighbourhood.
Footpath access to and exits from the shelters should join existing footpaths and any other structures in
a safe way. Each site needs to be checked for how any new structure such as pedestrian access path and
shelter steps or ramp will join to any footpaths or steps which are already in place. Adjustments to the
design should be made as necessary. At one shelter, the newly constructed pedestrian access area was
only partly joined to an existing footpath creating a dangerous step, especially for elderly, people with
limited vision and pregnant women.
A continuous level path for pedestrians to walk on should be ensured. All the existing shelter should
included a pedestrian route behind the shelter to allow pedestrians to pass without walking on the road.
Path ways width should easily accessible, comfortable and unimpeded for 2 person, and should easily
accessible for disable people, so it must have clear guidance for the disable
- Pedestrian minimum width 1,5
- Free high space is 2.2 m
- Minimum width for disable people is 1,2 m
- Safeguard for disable along the pathways have minimum 10 cm high and 15 width.
- Applying specific surface for disable guidance
- Warning indicators a minimum of 600 mm wide x 600mm deep installed 300mm back from the
front of the kerb edge when used adjacent to a bus stop.
- Directional indicators 600mm deep, installed where the warning indicators are not located in the
direct line of the continuous accessible path of travel, forming a continuous path to the warning
indicators.
Figure 333 Pathways Specific Surface for Disable
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Pathways should free from flowing water so it should has good slope
- Width slope 2-4%
- Slope Have maximum Lengthwise 10% and there should be flat area 120 cm in every 9 meter
length
- Pathways should stable, level, strong, weather endure, refined tekstur, but not slippery
- Concrete block, or asphalt
- If there is joint or heap shouldn’t more than 1,25 cm
For a pedestrian pathways, the design must refer to Bina Marga’s ban pedestrian facilities Regulation
Pedestrian pathsway and their equipment must be planned as required as general conditions follows.:
- To reach the goals, the pedestrians want to use a track as closely as possible, with a comfortable,
smooth and safety.
- There is pedestrian path continuity, which connects the place of origin to destination, and vice
versa.
- Pedestrian pathways must be equipped with facilities and amenities such as signs, lighting,
markers, and other road equipment, so that pedestrians have more certainty in their trip,
especially for pedestrians with disabilities.
- Pedestrian facilities not associated with the function of the road.
- Pedestrian Path must have pavement or hardened and made in such a way that the surface is not
slippery in wet condition, does not occur puddles, and it’s advised to facilitate it with shade.
- To maintain flexibility and the safety of pedestrians, pathwas should be physically separated from
road carriage way.
- The mixing between the Pedestrian Pathways which become one lane, must be made in such a
way as to provide security and comfort for pedestrians
Pedestrian Facility
1) Pedestrian Path consists of
a) Sidewalk
b) Linear Crossing
- Zebra Crossing
- pelican crossing
c) Non Linear Crossing
- Crossing Bridge
- Crossing Tunnel
2) Waiting Place
3) Light
4) Signs
5) Fence/barrier
6) Path Mark.
7) Shade
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Criteria of Facility:
Pedestrian Facility can be fitted with the following criteria:
1) Pedestrian Path
a) At places where pedestrian existence has caused conflict with vehicle traffic or interfere with
other uses, such as parks.
b) At a location that can provide benefits both in terms of safety, security, comfort and
smoothness.
c) If the path crossed with the carriage road way, it must be equipped with traffic signs and
markings or lights that show warning/guidelines for road users.
d) Pedestrian Pathway Lane (other than the tunnel) has a free visibility in all directions.
e) In planning the lane width and the technical specifications, we must consider the allocation for
the disabled.
2) Waiting Places
a) Provided at median of the road.
b) Provided at the transfer places, from pedestrians to public transport wheels.
3) Lights
a) Placed on road crosswalks.
b) The Installation is fixed and have structure value.
c) The lighting is bright enough so that when pedestrians make crossing the road, users have
good visibility in night/dark time.
d) The Lamp should not create glare that disturb vehicle users.
4) Signage
a) Placement and dimensions of signs is in accordance with standard specifications.
b) The types of signs in accordance with the needs and in accordance with field conditions.
5) Fence/Barrier
a) If the volume of pedestrians on the sidewalk is > 450 people/hour/effective width (in meters)
b) If the vehicle volume was> 500 vehicles / hour.
c) If vehicle speed> 40 km / hr.
d) When there’s trend that pedestrians do not use a pedestrian crossing facilities.
e) Fence materials can be made from structure or plants.
6) Road Mark
a) Pedestrian Road Mark is only placed on the crossings crossing that in one plot with road
carriage way.
b) The presence of markers are clearly seen by both road users during the day or night.
c) Installation of markers must be permanent and no slippery impact to the vehicle user.
7) Shade
a) Type of shade adapted in Pedestrian Path type, can be:
b) Tree protection, roof (following the technical guidelines for landscaping)
c) Roof, etc.
Page 35 of 40
Location Aspect
Location of Pedestrian Path and the facilities with provisions as follows:
1) Sidewalk
a) The sidewalks should be placed on the outside shoulder of the road or the outside lane Road
Benefit Area (DAMAJA). The sidewalks should be made parallel to the road.
The sidewalks placement might not parallel with the road when the local topography or
conditions that do not allow.
b) The sidewalks should be placed on the side in an open drainage channel or above the closed
drainage channel.
c) The sidewalks at bus stops should be placed side by side / parallel with the bus lane.
2) Linear Crossing
a) Zebra Crossing
- Can be installed at the crossing without APIL or at the road links.
- If the intersection regulated by traffic control lights, it should be giving enough time for
crossing into a single unit with the traffic light intersection.
- If the intersection is not regulated by traffic control lights, then the criteria for speed
limit is <40 km/hr.
b) Pelican Crossing
- Installed at the road link, at least 300 feet from the intersection.
- On the road with an average operational speed of vehicle traffic > 40 km/hr.
3) Non Linear Crossing
a) Bridge
- If the type of path using the zebra crossing or pelican was disturbing existing traffic.
- On the road section where the frequency of accidents involving high-pedestrian enough.
- On the road that has traffic flow and pedestrian flow is sufficient.
b) Tunnel
- If the type of path using the bridge crossings are not allowed to be held.
- If the location of the land or terrain makes it possible to build tunnel
Design Criteria
The design criteria which discussed technically is only the Footway/ Pedestrian path, while the
completeness is discussed at the other way
Pedestrian Path
1) Base on space that people need to walk, the minimum wide for pedestrian path is 60cm plus 15cm
to swing without luggage
2) It should has space for 2 people who walk together and need 150cm of space for 2 people who walk
without stopping.
3) Normally, the formula which use to get the minimum wide of pedestrian path (W) is:
Page 36 of 40
𝒘=
Exp :
P
W
𝑷
+ 𝟏, 𝟓
𝟑𝟓
= pedestrian volume (people/minute/meter)
= wide of pedestrian path
4) The wide of pedestrian path should be added, where there are road furniture on the path, such as
traffic signs pole, mail box, shade trees or the other public facilities.
5) Addition of pedestrian path width when equipped with other facilities as mention in Table 2
Table 2 Addition of Pedestrian Path Width
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Kind of Facility
Wheel chaired
Lighting Pole
Traffic Signs Pole
Road Sign
Mail Box
Dust Bin
Shade Trees
Flower Pot
Addition of Path Width
100 - 120
75 – 100
100 -120
75 - 100
100 - 120
100
60 - 120
150
6) The pedestrian path should be strengthened and need a curb/ barrier if it higher than surrounding.
7) Pavement can be made of concrete blocks, asphalt pavement or stucco.
8) The surface should be flat and have a transverse slope of 2-3% in order to avoid puddles. The slope
length is adjusted by longitudinal road slope, i.e. maximum of 7%.
Kind of Pedestrian Path
1) Sidewalks
a) Geometric sidewalks must follow guidelines concerning specification techniques sidewalks.
b) The high of free space is not less than 2.2m and a depth of commons is not less than 1m, as
measured from the sidewalk’s surface, the freedom side is not less than 0.3m
c) The utilities installation must maintain the sidewalks free space.
2) Linear Crossing
a) Road crossing geometric should follow the crossing technical specifications and manual’s urban
geometry.
b) The pedestrian’s linear crossing is a connection to the sidewalks, then the minimum lane width
dimension is made equal to the width dimension sidewalk path.
c) The basics determination of pedestrian facilities types is determine on Table 3
Table 3 Pedestrian Crossing Facility According to PV2
2
PV
> 10"
> 2 x 108
> 108
P
50 - 1100
50 - 1100
50 - 1100
V
300 - 500
400 - 750
> 500
Page 37 of 40
Recommendation
Zebra Cross
Zebra With Waiting Place
Pelican Crossing
PV2
> 108
> 2 x 108
> 2 x 108
P
> 1100
50 - 1100
> 1100
V
> 300
> 750
> 400
Recommendation
Pelican Crossing
Pelican With Waiting Place
Pelican With Waiting Place
Notes :
P = Current of pedestrian crossing along 100 meters, expressed by people / hour;
V = Traffic flow of vehicles per hour two-way, otherwise vehicles/hour
Flows crossing the road and traffic flow is the average traffic flow at rush hour.
d) The location of crossings should be seen by drivers of vehicles, at least meet the stopping sight
distance.
e) Placed perpendicular to the axis of the road.
3) Non Linear Crossing
a) Bridge Crossing
- Construction must follow the specifications of , pedestrian bridge.
- Free space vehicle traffic lane of not less than 2.5 meters.
b) Tunnel
- Construction must follow the technical specifications of the tunnel.
- Equipped with lighting
Page 38 of 40
Chapter 6
Informative
The shelter is also the location for information about the bus services and the local area. It is the point
where people have continuous access to information to proceed on their journey, whether they are
waiting for a bus or have just left one.
The informative elements will be:
6.1
Identify
Shelter must be able to provide capabilities to the passengers and bus drivers to identify the existence
6.1.1 Signage
Bus Signage
Shelte should have signage outside to give information about bus stop, bus line, bus direction, etc. The
sign should be located at the head of the marked bus stop box and 600mm in from the curb edge. The
front doors of the bus should consistently open in the clear area just behind the sign location.
Placement of Signs
Placement of signs done in such a way that is easy to be seen by road users and do not obstruct vehicle
traffic or pedestrians. Signs placed on the left in the direction of traffic, in a certain distance from the
outermost edge of the shoulder of the road. With certain technical considerations, some signs may be
placed on the right of the road or on the road itself.
Sign Position
- If signs are placed on the sidewalk, then the minimum distance from the edge of the road
pavement is 60 cm, and the height of signs poles are minimum of 2 m from the sidewalk.
- If signs are placed above the road surface, then the height sign from the road surface is minimum
5 meter and the heigt of pile beacon/foundation from the outer edge of the road shoulder at
least 60 cm.
- Signs are placed at a distance of 1.80 m from the outer edge of the road shoulder.
The sign should be mounted on a metal pole4 at a least 2.1m above the adjacent footpath. In the
interests of consistency, bus stop signs should not be affixed to bus shelters, information bollards or
street light columns. Signs may be affixed to Real Time Information poles providing they are located in
the correct position.
- Main size: high 0.6 mx wide 0.80 m
- Bus stop signs shall be placed at all designated bus stops, and shall be oriented to provide
maximum visibility.
- Poles are to be white powder coated, 60mm round galvanised steel
- Orientation of the sign should be perpendicular to the kerb, facing the footpath. This will depend
on the pole position distance from kerb
- Placement 2.00 m high
Page 39 of 40
-
install in location adjacent to corner post or right front bumper when the bus comes to a full
stop.
If practicable, in stall 2.5 metres from curb on far side of sidewalk
Figure 344 Example of Bus Signage
6.1.2 Shelter Identification
Major stop or station identification signs should:
- prominently display an icon depicting modes of travel available from the stop or station
- be visually distinctive
- clearly display a recognisable network logo.
6.2
Travel Orientation
The stop or station should provide directional information indicating where services leave from,
including:
- an information point explaining travel options (where services go and the type of services
available); where appropriate, this can include alternative transport such as taxis
- a locality map orientating the user
- visible way-finding signage to direct the user where to go
- the direction of travel of services using the stop or station
6.3
Explain
The stop or station should provide highly visible and clearly understood information about services
available, including:
- timetables clearly showing site-specific departure times with destination names
- route number/s of services using the stop or station, if applicable
- network map identifying all services using the stop or station
- stop name and number, if applicable
- contact details for public transport network information
- fare zone number where transport is located, if applicable
- unique stop identifier for bus stop location purposes
Page 40 of 40

bus shelter specification

Transcription

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