River Queen Open Column Launch Engine Plans

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BOOKLETNO. B·'OO
®
River Queen
Open
Column
Launch
Engine
Kit
Plans
MIniature Machining Techniques Is the
o n ly instruct ion manual exclusive ly
devoted to machining small paris
accurately_ WIth over 200.000 book!>
already In use, this Is a brand new
edi tIon, wrillen by J ohn Burroughs.
lamaus machine 1001 and workshop
author.
Written in easy-Io-read , simple
" how-to" language, the hondbook
describes e .... ery type 01 metal
machIni ng o perati on in minute
deta il , with more complex sct-ups
or procedures clearly illustra ted
thru 192 photograph, and d rawings .
" A compl.'. t.d Iha lwill enable beg;nne, to mast., the art 01
precision machine work and model mlllllng."
TUR NING WOAK BETWEEN
CENTEAS. SPECIAL LATHE
OPERATION S!
VERTICAL SPINDLE
MACHINING' USING
UNIMAT AcceSSORIES!
M INI ATURE
WOOD-WORKING
ON UNIMAT!
II
J .eJefence book lor
.ngineers
Ins1rumen1
make's
maChinists
a,C"hlltCll
jewel.,.
retealch
,clent;S1,
Clme'a'\ opUc.]
'epa irmen
c ' .itsm en
watchmakel'
.Iect,onlc
dl!tlgners
R &. 0
te<: hnicl an.
--------------------S.ncI to. rOl.l' c;opr 0 1 . del"u'" Minl.lu •• Mach ining T.chn lq .... IoCIorAllow 3 ...-eeks dehvery, 0' add SO cenrs e~ tra 10 ' '''sl cla ss POSlige.
AMERICAN EDELSTAAL INC_ Tenally. New Jersey 07670
Pn'l1ld In USA
ENGINEERING MODEL SERIES
PutII_o,-r.... EDELSTAAl TECHN ICAL INSTITUTE
BUILDING A
WORKING-MODEL
OPEN COLUMN
LAUNCH ENGINE
INTRODUCTION
Working models of old·lime steam
engines ha~e enduring fascInation lor
anyone interested in mechanics. Building a miniature version 01 a ch ugging
prime mover of years past is a very
satisfying project, and It's a job thai
even beginning modelmakers can easily accompllsh successfully If they work
with reasonabl e care.
01 the many types of engine that
utilized steam (beam, oscillating cylinder, slide valve mill engine, eIC.). the
light open column ma rine engines wide-
Iy used in the lale 1800s to power
tl at black paint and secure the engine
on its base wilh small dabs 01 epoxy_
ElleJstaal material kits lo r more ad'laMed model steam engines machined
Irom castings are available, and the line
also Includes model can non k its and
other interesting pro jects Ihat can be
machined o n your Unimal. See these
new kits al your Edelstaal dealer, or
write to Americ an Edelstaat. Inc.. 1 Atwood Avenue. Tenafly, New Jersey
07670, for literatu re.
i3
small steam launches are perhaps simplest to model. The 1/ 2" ·OOre singleacling engine shown on these pages
Is an engine of this type.
Laun ch steam engines ordinarily
were built with single vertica l eylln·
ders supported on lour upright col·
umns, or pillars, with the connecting
rod crank-driving a short main shaft
lilled with a heavy small-diameter Ilywheel. Th is arrangement permitted
mounting the engine tow in the hull 01
the launch with Ihe engine shaft
• Copy'iOht 1972. EDHSTML TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
2
the kit A machined copper or brass
elbow lilling can be used to make the
bend in the steam tine.
I! you want to mount yo ur engine lor
display, cut a 3/4·'-thick walnut block
w ith 10 degree edge-bevels lor a sub base. Rou ting recesses in Ihls block lor
th e nuts and screw -heads on the bollom
01 Ihe engine·s baseplate will permit
mounting the model lIat on lhe btock.
After sanding the wood s mooth. give the
sub-base two coats 01 flat va rnish or
Ht'rc's thc finished engine
11
EQUIPMEIIT _EEDED:
Basic Unlmat
J-jaw or 4-jaw spindle chuck
Machine vise
Drills. laps and dies
Hand tools
Drill chuCk
fk "d lire r()1/ lu denr the r.rrlllli disr.
ends 01 the soIl coppcr -Iube steam line
supplied with the ki t. Bend Ihe tube
to a neat curve with your linge rs , takin!]
care not to collapse iI. and screw Ihe
lop end into the cy linder. using pipejoint compound on the thread s. To
screw the bottom end into the valve
housing, disassembl e lhe engine. screw
the valve hou sing all the end of the
tub e. and reassembl e. Cuttin g and
threading short copper-tube nipp les and
screwing the m into the va lve block 's
inlet and exhaust ports will simplify
conne cting steam or air lines to the
engine. Make sure thaI the ends of lhe
copper lubes do not bind the valve.
You ca n run your engine either wit h
steam from a smal l boiler or wi th comp ressed a:r Irom a paint-spraying comp ressor. A well-bul\! engine at first runs
stiffly. but its bearing surfaces will soon
wear in. Keep the Iront bearing oiled ,
011 the valve through its exhaust port
and oil the cylinder bore from the bot-
10
tom , The engine's direction of rotation
can be reversed by interchanging inlet
and exhaust lines,
II you want to paint your engine ,
paint the baseplate. valve housing and
front bearing b lock with a spray can ,
leaving all other parts brighl-finished.
The COlor tradition ally used on steam
engines was flal medium-olive-dra o
green .
Small steam engin es have surprising
power lor the ir size. and a 1 /2"- bore
eng me Will drive a mode l boat up to two
feci long. To mount Ihe engine on
stringers In the hull of a model launch.
bolt two lengths of angle stock to the
bollom 01 the baseplate and bolt these
mounting fittings through the stringers_
Don 't hesitate 10 modify the design
01 Ihis engine to suit yourself, If you
preler a more clo sely-coupled engine ,
simply shorten the oaseplate and shaft.
If you prefer brass bearin g blocks. substi tute ora,s for the steel supplied in
Th(' lIIateria/,s kil include!;
CII I
lIIeted (fir all {x/rts. scrf'/L'S and drawings
aligned with the craft's propeller shall
The slow-speed engine then could
drive the propeller directly through a
flex ible coupling _ A coal-, cordwoodor oil-Ii red boiler (burni ng the fue l
most readily available locally) mounted
amidships supplied steam to the en gine at around 150 Ibs_ working pressure, wi th a valve in the steam line
serving as a throttle_ Probabl y the most
familiar example 01 a steam launch
of th is kind is the River Oueen
Th ese launch engines were not particularly efficien t their boilers consumed abeut 1 Y2 Ibs. of coal per
horsepower per hour - but they were
robust and reliable _ Engines 01 th is type
remaine d In use until early In this century , when the intern al combustion englne made the picturesque steam
launch oosolele.
The simplified model launch engine
this booklet describes was designed
especia lly lor novice machinists to ma-
chine on th e Edelstaal Unimat All parts
can be readily machined from metal
in stock shapes , and the easy-to-lit
rotary valve on the engine's shalt makes
the many small parts other types of
val ve require unnecessary. The materials kit lor the engine, which includes
rough-cut metal for all parts together
with all fastenings , is lower in price
than engine kits with ready-machined
components.
Although the parts drawings give exact dimensions, it Isn't necessary to
machine this engine's parts to close
dimensional tolerance. Instead, parts
can simply oe machined to fit. For
example, the cylinder bore needn't
measure exactly 1/2" in d iameter; It
can be slightly larger or smaller than
nominal size provided the piston lits
the bo re. Similarly, the exact si ze of the
valve housing's bore isn 't important
provided th e valve is turned to closely
fit the housing.
3
PoiiRhillg t he ellgille's shaft
CONSTRUCTION
8 egln with the e ngine's shall. Th e
stock supp lied is p roper diameter and
ready lor polishing, With the Unimat
se t up as a lathe, chuck the shalt and
ce nte rdr ill ooe end, Then, gripping one
end of the stock in th e drill chuck and
support ing th e centerdrilled end wi th
the tallstock center. polish the shalt
smooth with very fine 600-gri t si licon
carbide paper, removing no more metal
than necessary.
Next turn the flywheel , which is
machined from 1 V2~-diam . steeL. Grip
the stock securely in the Unimat's 3jaw c huck, tapping it as you tig hten
th e chuck's jaws until the ou ter end
runs tru e, and face the wheel's side.
Since steel Is a hard-to-cUI material,
sharpen the lath e's tool bit need lesharp. Set the tool at a right angle to
th e work and feed th e facing cuts from
the center oul, using the Unimal's
slowest sp indle speed and laking very
light cuts (abou t .002" deep, or one
mark on the leed handwhee1's hub) to
avoid ch aller. II you have a slow-speed
attachment lor you r Unimat. you can
use slill slower spindle spee d and ta ke
deeper cu ts. Turning shallow recesse s
,
D rillill#: t he fl ywheel
In the s ides 01 Ihe wheel as shown in
the pholos improves Its eppearance.
A fter finish-tu rning the wh eel's diameter for hall ils width, reverse the work
in the chuck and fa ce the opposite sIde
similarly. Then cen terdriU and drill a
pilot hole through the whee l with an
1/ 8" twist drill held In the drill chuck
mounted on Ihe Unimat 's tal1stock, dri1ling al slowest spindle spee d. Withdraw
the drill frequently as th e hole deepens
to clear c hips from the lIutes and llood
the hole with light machine oil. Then
en large the 1/8" pilot hole with a 3/ 18"
d rill. using a new d rill to avoi d dri lling
th e hole oversize. To drill the hole for
the lIywheel's selscrew, set Ihe Unimat
up as a d rill press and grip the whee l
In the machine vise.
With the flywh eel fixed o n the end of
the shalt with its setscrew, c huck the
sha ft In the lathe and true the flywheel's
d iameter with a very light l inishing cut.
Then polish th e wheel with fine abrasive
c loth.
Next th read the opposite end of th e
sha ft with a 10-32 die fo r the screwed·
on c rank d isc , (II you lack the 10-32
tep and die, tum the shaft end to a
shouldered tenon that ca n be Inserted
Saibing
cerrl erlirl e,~
fur llflir'e grool;es
th e ce nterline for each groove th ro ug l1
th e top porI. Hold the sc riber again st
the c ylinder si de of the port to scri be
the inlet groove's cenlerline and against
the lIywheel side 0 1 Ihe porI to scribe
the exhao.Js t groove's cen terline. Each
groove ru ns half-way aroun d Ihe valve.
Esta blish beginning and ending points
for each groove as shown in the valve
o pera tion dIagram. T he steam in let
groove provides a steam passage that
connects the side Inlet port with the
top cy linder port during Ihe l irSI half of
each revotullon of the valve. The steam
exhaust groove p rovides a steam pa ssage that connec ts the top cyl1nder port
with the side exhaust pori d uring th e
second haff 01 each revolution of the
valve.
II you have an indexing and d ividing
head lo r you r Unimal , you can mi ll
these two grooves with nice preCision
using a 1 11 6~-d iam . miniature end mill.
Lack ing the Inde)ting head. you can cut
the grooves satis facto rily by hand using
a hacksaw blade and kni fe-edged file.
Th e two grooves should have squ a re
ra ther than V-shaped cross-section .
Avoid marring the working surface of
.the va lve as yo u c ut th em.
Mcas uri11j! le118 ,h for con necting rCld
FINAL ASSEMBLY
Now beg in final fitting. Sc rew the
valve assembly and front bearing to the
baseplate. Then screw th e lour hexagonal suporting colu mns into the bottom 01 the cyli nder and lower the cylinder assembfy over the c r ank d isc. Thi s
done. measure the proper length fo r
the connec ting rod. which should be cut
to fil. With the piston Just clearing the
cy linder head and the c rank d isc's pin
at top ce nter, measure the d istance between the p iston's wrisl pin and the
crank pin , center to cente r. Drill 1/ 8"
holes spaced this distance a part In the
1I 16"-thick stock supplied fo r Ihe connecting rod and then grind o r file the
rod 10 the profile sho wn. Bending the
rod to a slig ht ollset ellows It 10 clear
the crank disc. Shorten the c rank pin
with a Iile just enough to c lear th e
columns.
Timing the engine Is simply a matter
01 holding the piston al top dead center and rotating Ihe va l ve o n the engine's shall urltil th e leading end of the
valve 's steam -inlet groove ca n be seen
through the top cy linder po rt. Lock the
valve in th is position wUh Its se tscrew,
Finally, cut to length and th read the
9
btocks will be at identical height. Use
slowest spindle speed whe n drilling the
blocks, l irst drilling small pilot hol es
an d then enlarg ing the pilot holes with
progressively larger drills. The bearing
block has a 3/16" hole. T he hole in thE
va lve housing Is 5 / 16"' in diameter and
must have a s mooth finish . Drill this
larger hole slightly undersize and then
rea m ii, using either a chucking reamer or a 5 / 16"' end mill run al the Unimat's slo west spindle speed. Squirt on
c utting oil liberally When drilling or
reaming steel.
When the blocks are bored, se t up
the Unl mat as a drill press and drill the
Ihree steam ports in the valve housing
block. Locate the top port. which supplies steam to the cylinder, on the
block's centerline. The centers 01 the
two side ports, inlet and exhaust. are
offset 1 11 6'" Irom the blOCk's centerline.
The inlet port is offset 1/ 16'" towards
the cyli nder end of the engine. and th e
exhaus t port is offset 1/ 16"' toward s
the flywheel end. After tapping these
three ports 6-32. carefully scrape away
burrs lelt Inside the val~e housing 's
bore.
Then turn the ~alve to an accurate
,
sliding fil in the ~al~e housing. Finish
the working surface of Ihe ~al~e carefully, taking ~ery light cuts with a sharp
lathe bit and red ucing diameter ~e ry
gradually unti l the ~ al~e turn s freely in
the housing but has no play. For satiSfactory seal the ~al~e must fil the housIng's bore preCisely, (II you s hould cut
the ~al~e too small, try aga in with a
new piece of stee L) When the val~e
fits , lace the end and Shoulder and drill
the 3 / 16"' center hole before remo~ing
the part from the chuck. Then reverse
the val~e and face the oposite end.
With the valve drilled and tapped for
its 4-40 setsc rew , slide the ~al~e housIng , ~al~e and front bearing block on
the engine shalt an d clamp the assem bly temporarily in place on the baseplate. making sure that the shafl aligns
with the plate's centerline. Then mark
locations fo r mounting screw holes on
the two blocks through the holes in
the baseplate _ Drill and tap the holes
in th e blOCks 4-40. Always use cuttln\,!
oil when tappi ng stee l.
Next screw the va lve assembly on
the plate and mark th e ~alve's two
steam passage grooves . ro tating the
val~ e in its housing and lightly scribing
thro ugh the hole In the crank d isc and
ri~eted o~er.)
Turn the hubbed c rank disc from the
piece of mild steel supplied and drill
and tap its cen ter hole 10-32. To drill
the offset hole for the crankpin, set
up the Unlmat as a drill press and grip
the disc in the machine ~ise by its hub.
Tap the pin hole 6-32. Then screw the
crank disc firm ly on the shaft, stake
the threads (or sme ar them with filled
epoxy cement) to pre~ent unscrewing,
and with the shaft chucked in th e drill
chuck on the lathe spindle, true the
disc with very light finishing cuts and
polish it with line abrasi~e Cloth. Then
thread the end of the crank pin and
screw it into the disc. staking the pin's
threads similarly . Leaving the pin o~er­
length w ill permit tri mming It to exact
length when the engine is assembled.
It 's important 10 make sure before
machining the engine's cylinder that
the Unimat 's headstock is precisely
aligned with the bed , since it would be
Impossible to fit the piston satisfactorily
in a tapered cylinder bore. Also before
turning th e cylinder, c huck the length
01 1/2·' -d iam. steel inclUded in the kit
(both piston and ~al~e a re cut from
Pulis hill/-! th e cmull !li.f;e
this stock) in the Unimat"s 3-jaw c huck,
face one end. an d take a very light tru ing
cut on the stock's diamete r the length
01 th e piston. r emo~ing no more metal
than necessary. Smooth off buns and
polish the turned surface with fine
abrasi~e c loth . This stock now can be
used as a plug gauge fo r boring the
cylin der, aller which the piston will be
slolled and cut off.
The cylinder is turned from free -machining aluminum. First turning a short
3/4"-diam. tenon that can be gripped in
the 3-jaw chuck on one end of the
aluminum slug and centerdrilling the
opposite end for the lathe's dead center will simplily turning the cylinder's
outer diameter and central recess.
After turn ing. bore the cylinder without remo~ing it from the chuck. Drill
through the work lengthwise with a
3/16" drill , using slowest spindle
speed and withdrawing the drill frequently to c lear ch ips. Then enlarge
the hole using successi~ely larger drills
to about 3/B" in diameter. Finally, finish-bore the hole accu rate ly to size until the piston lits with close sliding
fit - with a boring tool. (If you tack a
boring tool for your Unimat , you can
TurllinR pi:;loII for
u.~c (L~
Illug gauge
5
Drilling the cn glllc's niummum cylinder
Boring the cylinder to accept piston
6
grind one lrom a blank 1001 bit or lenglh
brokefl from afl old round or triangu lar
lile,) As the bore nears Iinish size, set
the Unlmat's carriage movements up
snug ly a nd feed the final cuts slowly
and continuously to machine the cylinder wall to a perfectly smooth linlsh,
Work patiently, taking extremely light
fina l cuts to lit the pison as carefully
as you can, for the piston has no rings
and must lit the bore closely, When
the cylinder is bored, turn off the chucking tenon,
Next complete the piston , slotting It
and cross-drilling for the wrist pin, You
can saw the slot for the connecting
rod using a slitting saw blade mounted
on the Unlmat's saw arbor, or you can
do the job satisfactorily by hand with
a fi fle-toothed hacksaw blade.
That done, tu rn the aluminum cylinder head, which has a locating boss
that should closely l it the cylinder bore,
Having linish-turned the head , layout
centers lor six screw holes, spacing
them equally on a 3/4"-dlam. circle
with dividers and centerpunchlng lig htly, Convert the Un imat to a drill press
and grip the head by its boss In the
machine vise to drill these s ix 7164"
holes, Then use the drilled head as a
temp late to locate matching No, 43
holes In the top of the cylinder, Drill
the holes In the cylinder as deep as
possible without breaking . through the
end shOUlder and tap them 4·40, start·
ing the threads with a taper tap and
fin ish ing th~m with a bottoming tap,
(Lacking a bottoming tap, you can simply grind off some 01 the tapered end
01 the taper tap.)
Next make the engine's steel base plate. The edges and rough-cut ends
01 the plate can be nicely finish-ground
with a cup wheel Ofl the Unimat's grinding arbor, or you can square them with
a file, To smooth up the top and bottom faces , rub the plate on mediumgrit abrasive cloth placed Ofl a lIat surface, Then layout and centerpunch the
plate's eight screw holes, measuring
carefully and using a small square to
scribe accurate centerlines, To drill Ihe
holes, sel up the Unimat as a drill press
and grip the plate in the machine vise
with its top lace fl ush with the vise
Jaws, Drill the holes at the Unlmal's
slowest spin'dle speed ,
Having drilled the plate, use It as a
template to mark locations of the four
tapped holes in the bottom 01 the cylinder for the four supporting columns,
Onll these holes with a No, 36 drill,
taking care no! to drill through the
cylinder's end shoulder, and tap the
holes 6-32, Use a bottoming tap or
ground-off taper tap to thread these
holes lull-depth.
The four hexagonal steel columns
supporting the engine's cylinder have
tumed-down ends threaded to shoul·
ders, Threading the column's ends will
be Quite easy if you have a thread·
chasing atachment for your Unlmat.
Lacking the thread-chasing atlachment,
you can thread the ends satislactorlly
with a 6-3 2 die if you reverse the die
after the threads are well started to
cut them close to the Shoulder. (II you
have difficulty thread ing the columns,
simply turn them off square, drill and
tap the ends, and cement In studs cui
from 6-32 screws with filled epoxy cement.) Having threaded the top ends,
measure and mark the length of the
co lumns from the top shoulder and
turn and thread the bottom ends. The
four columns must be exactly equal in
le ngth , shoulder to shoulder, to support
the cylinder squarely,
You can finish ·machi ne the engine's
Iront bearing and va lve housing blocks
by gripping the rough stock in the
lathe 's 4-jaw chuck and lacing each
side, or you c an surface-grind the
blocks with a cup grinding wheel. The
easiest way to bore the holes through
the two blocks is to set up the Unimat
as a ho rizontal boring mill, mounting
a drill in the drHl c huck on the lathe
spindle and clamping each b lock in
tum squarely on the carriage with a
stud clamp_ This w ill insure that the
c:enlerlines of th e holes in the two
Tapping !;leam port in cylinder
Drilling the
ba.~epiate's
screw holes
7
For Unimat owners.
kits)You can build.
ndalittle
These unique and beautifu l kits were des igned by the
same people who make the Unimat precision lathe,
and every one is a masterpiece of design and engineering. For the beginning Unimat user, these kits
are an idea l way to become familiar with the Unimat,
its accessories and mac hining techniques. For the
K·l 00 River Queen launch Engine
This is' the perfect kit for the fledgling machin ist. It's
simple, easy to make, yet gives a rea l working model of
the kind of engine used to power small steam launches in the
late 1800's. Wt. 18 oz.
skilled hobbyist, they offer a rewarding challenge.
Every kit contains pre-cut, ready-ta-machine metals,
instruction booklet and easy-ta-follow drawings. For
the amateur or the pro, there's a kit to match your
skills,
K·200 Steam-powered pickup truck
Steam-powered pick-up truck actually operates, is only
41/4" long, comes complete with engine, boiler and gear
drive.
Kit includes a model pick-u p truck, rough·cut bronze and stain·
less steel for all pari s and fa stenings, plus complete plan
drawings and step·by·step instruction book to construct the
model. Not for beginners. Wt. 28 oz.
STEAM ENGINE
COLUMN
ALL DRAWINGS ACTUAL SIZE
1/811
TH'Be 10-32
~~==~~2~1~/2~"~~~i>"i~I .
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I\;"
'--JLi-L--""~
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------I
DRILL NO. 36
3/16" ~
TDRILL 3/16"
I 5/8
11
FOA SHAFT
/"-r--,
SHAFT'
~
I
CRANK DISC
--
,:r
THREAD BOTH ENDS 6·32
9/13±l1~=.'f3/8"
H
WRIST PIN
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1 / 16" SLOT
(4 REQUIRED)
m,-._-_--'~
to::r \ltJ
PORTS OFF'S£' 1/16" 1
OIL HOLE
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3 1 32 "
~/3.3"
J
5/1611
~:O:;:
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l
1rr1/411
1/4" H - -oj 3/8"
4-40
112"
I
CYLINDER AND HEAD
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1/2"
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PISTON
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,-"~C:7'L.---f:J-:jHEEB CRANK PIN
FLYWHEEL
7/16"
!:- 3/16"
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' ~W33:jft-3/4"
16"
AND TAP 6-32
=
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1_/_2.'_' -_-I',L.'
EACH
FRONT BEARING
ROTARY VALVE
I
VALVE HOUSING
BASEPLATE
ROTARY VALVE
FRONT BEARING
1'"
t.,
-.
-r I
.~ I
T
SECTIONS THROUGH VALVE
AND VALVE HOUSIN A~
T
GROOVE A AND paR A
SECTIONS THROUGH VALVE ) .
ANb VALVE HOUSING AT
GROOVE B and PORT B
)
,
BASEPLATE
VALVE HOUSING
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t:
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POSITION J
VALVE OPENING TO ADMIT STEAM
TO CYLINDER
TO CYL.1NOER
\05
.,
posmON M
"~
'
POSITION L
STEAM VALVE
JUST CLOSED NO STEAM FLOW
"l!J
- -'I
POSITION K
POWER STROKE STEAM FLOW
-
h
V
.
II
p~SITlaN
. 5/16
1/ 1611
,
NO STEAMK
•
CONNECTING ROD
EXHAUST
ITION J
STEAM LINE
nnn
rTUl
POSITION K
POSIT! Ot1- L
I
'';/
,
PISTON , CONNECTING ROO
AND CRANK DISC SHOWING
RELATIVE POSITIONS OF
PISTON AND VALVE
POSITIONM ~
NO STEAM IN
L
11
.
M
FLOW
L~
I
!\
I
o
.
ALL VIEWS FROM CYLINDER END OF ENGINE LOOKING TOWARDS FLYWHEEL. DIAGRAMS SHOW Cl.OCKWISE ROTATroN WITH
STEAM INLET AT LEFT AND EXH AUST AT
RIGHT. VALVE HOUSING'S TOP PORT IS
CONNECTED TO THE CYLINDER aX THE
STEAM LINE. THE VALVE IS FIXED QN THE
SHAFT AND ROTATES AS THE ENGIN j RUNS.
VALVE OPERATION
\
0
)
ASSEMBLY
I
~
I
POSITION J
EXHAUST VALVE
JUST CLOSED NO ST Et"" FLOW
-~
"