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A poetical lrrdaterpiecc trdnslalc(|, into beoulillll Entjlisll blt o n7od,c1ar lroet, ltltnael"t o!
the frrst ra1lk-
AFOOT
IN ITALY. By Jolur
E. P. Dutton & Co.
Gibbons.
$2.50
An EltglLsh reporter takes o rcalki11g triD
ltc scca itL an
through ltalu artd, tel.Is ullat
i'tutereatiJlg fashiolt,
l'HE MEMOIRS OF GARII}ALDI. Edited by Alexandea: Dnmns and tranrlated by R. S. Garnett. D. Appleton
& Co. $5.
Thc mernoirs ol one of ltatl/'s grcat heroea,
edited bu arr acl.lLovlcdltcd nLaster of letters,
AN ITALIAN ANTI{OLOGY.
Trans-
lated into English by valiotts authors.
Collected
by Florencc
T'1'ri1. Richard
R. Badger, Publisher.
$2.
Sorie 200 'Doenrs, aonlxets, folk-so1Lga, hunu6'
Drott'ba and, htrics trol1L lt.tli&ll litct'sture.
\\'HERE DE\'{OCJRACY
TRIUNIPHS.
By l'.
Paul
Miceli.
A1t outstend,ilxg ltaUan contTibutioll to Awerican letters, thls noDel
relates the trilrmph oj o1r' IteLialt
ltorttk ouel' tlre 1rcw anuir'olltnenb
thet ds Ameriaa. Y% ui4, like it
lor its obgertqtlffia concerning the
probl.ems coixlrulting thc ed,ucqted
i talialL-An7criaalt.
Regula,r ]rnce: $3 Ou,r'
Prit:e:
$2
STOCK S\\TINDLERS ANIJ
THEIR
METHODS
Charlcs B. Frasca.
By
Since 1920 lhe author, ail inttsthtcnl btoktr" hds bccn 5116115s/ttlly
pttlosiilg stock Jrauds in lltis (ou1ttru, and, has recouereitr uillions ol
ItL This Doldotlars tor the tbtins,
une ln t,lls all aboul ltt, ltic|s
cnnloLtpd bu stock suirdl.r's. so ttrqt
tltc rradpt tndlt be otu his guqrd..
Reg. priro: $2 Our prire
si
51
I
(lest i1tlJ 1t:ithotLl .lorcLlJjt iittc|DentiojL.
On the following books
ALL MY YOU'IH. A Book oI
c'iuri,a, com,piuto d,al conispond,ente del
quotidiano di Torino, "La Stampa".
['t
taturatr sytnltathlr fo|. flLc Iteliens as a ,.acc
Iitiltiltg I 01' tlit: right to 1ool'li out its o1ilr
#
Janies
Corrado Tedeschi
$3.
Tke besl treatment in English of this seDject to d,atc, beginning witt. Manaond and,
end,illg ui,tk PirdlLdello, Sueto, Borgese, pw
zint dnd, lltPir conlPmporaries.
Uniyersitv Pn'ess. $3.50.
ReteaLitug Arnerica'a d,eflrollatl.etto1t ol har
: $1.33
,{
{l
il
1'
1l
t
JL
l
,l
1i
ATLANTICA'S OBSERVATORY
TFIE WRITING ON THE WALL?
TARIFFS AND TRADE SLUMPS
W
E VERY\\rHERE, it seenrs, but in
f'- official circles it is recognized that
i"",T",li;
*;
J_#i4i?if*
looking to reduction or limitation of
armaments, _[rany were the iltroductory speeches that were ireard. None
of them, holever, received the thunderous applause accorded to Dino
Grandi of Italy, ancl, to a lesser extent, lVlaxirn Litr.inov of Soviet Russia. This was made the subject of
'' contment in the dail1' press in th,s
cou n
when the prcsent administration
at Washington put through its infamous tariff against the advice of the
rvords:
"It is a deplorable contnterttarg ott
lhe present statc 6l jentocralic ttctlions
Llto,t the best presentaLions ol the case
lm clisarnzam,enL haue been rnade b,y
Lhe represertLatiues oJ cottnt.ries 11ctugrngd bA dictators. Signor (|ranrJi, for
ILaLy, *,toept away the uhole 'mass' oJ
lormulas anrl petlA tecltnicali(ies
tuhich wrre cluttering ul, !ltc srcne unrl
'put the proposition on the broad basis
oJ justice und fai,r-dealirt11. In substance and. form and in the ntouirtg
quaLity ol oratoryl his speech,ucs n-?t'perp. It contrasted uiuidl,g ui,tlz tlrc
hard,'metal,ltic wh:i,ne ol Tardieu. Lituinou, tor tlrc Souiet dictatorsltip, uas
no less eJlectiua in a diflerent style.
With unecpected, moderation ol tone
anrl lanEuage he dissectecl the uarious
plans ol playino at disormamcnt and
ra|rnly buL Triti[.essly erpos, d the hgpocrieies ol th,e d:iff erent gouernments.
"One cannot help uorul.ering if the
preemincnce oJ these litL:o oouernntents
dt tll.is conlerertcr Iras somp ,le r p significancc. l)o llrp soitorous.,t.oii"citpd; eloe ttlion(Lry pltr,l itttrl, s n! Sir Jol,n
Simon, lhe t,t,r.lirrp rcr,trtrtrtcndaliotrs
ol the (inite,tl Stcttes, an.rl the medieuttl
proposals of Fronce nt,t (n7 tlLctt d,ent otacS' is lnr ,tlot.'1 it,. lltr proeest ilJ
[eray/ .0r Ilrqt llttlJ ttrp o),1u it, tlte
rrct ol sloagllin,l ,tJJ !lr, ,,1,1 jcad sA.itt
rnd. ui.ll..ttpJteur It, tL tu u, ttn(J Itri,Jl,ler
coat u'illt the comhtg gernrutiotts? Tlrc
latLer mell be Lhe case, but tlw circ,ulrn_
salnce t.hat the most uital, aontri.buti.ort.s
rnatle so lnr to fhis ronleretre hit,i
been trottt, aountries operating. utujl;t
't rhdn{tt rl urtlr r sr{rl,/. .r/i thaL it is ,,,t
ro tt-ri.flp11r'r $47 the ,rriting oi l!.t
wall."
Whether it is ,'the lvriting on tlc
wal1" or not, wc canliot ignor"e the fact
that in times of crisis sucl,r as the present, dernocratic governments Ijbor
under trenrendous difficulties, ancl ar.:
cveryrvhere being ar.rxiously exanrinetl
for defects, of rvhich thcre ire rlany.
depend mostly on an early solution of
the internatronal financial situation and
on the appearance of indubitable signs
of recovery from dcprcssion.
But, to use the homely old phrase,
isn't this putting the cart before thc
horse
?
TH'E DECLINE OF OUR
LINGUISTIC ISOLATION
ECAUSE of the geographical isolation oi
United States and
Englislr is rhe language
because ^the..
spoken throughout practically a1i of the
tr)'.
But thc "Nation", that liberal weekly
edited by Mr. Villard, u.ent further.
Delving bencatli thc surface in its editorial conment, it rvondered w-hat this
rneant fur rleruocracl , irr the ft'lloll'inil
in the movenlent torn''ard restricting
trade through import control would
Il
ff
$ ./t
\-.'sS4
North American continent, Anrericans
have in the past tende<l to regard
themselves as self -suf ficient not only
economically, but also linguistically,
ST.N
,1.r:i..\-n)
and a kno.i.vledge of foreign languages
has been regarded for the most pirt
as a cultural accon-rplishrner.rt generally
of but 1iftle material value.
. Thr ralrirl clevelopmerrt, hou.cvcr, of
intcrnatiorral telephonic corrrrrrunicatiorrs. and tlre growing inrportance of
- (.at.rt/ jn
;Le Broatll,n
Eali
country's lcading ecouomists, it rnacie
a gravc nristake, a mistake lvhich,
boomerang-like, has novr,' retunred to
a{flict the hapless Hoover adrninistration.
'I'he I)elrartnreut of Comtnerce
has
issued a surve-v of the f oreign tarif i
situatiorr fol l(tJ I. describing irr cletail
tlre meastrre. takclr hl ullrei countries
to excludc inrporls cluring the slump.
ll'he steps taken inclucltcl not oniy increases in intport cluties, but quota
linritations. import restrictions in other
lorcign tradc, have. especially since the
War, been bringing about ari ir.rcreased
cnrphasis uuon the study of {oreign
languages in American schools and colleges. \\re may look forward to a constant, acceleration, furthernrore. in the
fall of this arrtedalecl llrcorv of economic _and_ lirrgui"ric i-o'ation, for the
epochal invention of Guglieinro Marconi is coming nrore and rnorc intrr
general international use.
. These constitute other reasons why
Americans of Italian descent in this
country
learn and familiarize
with the ltalian language,
a prograln u'hich Atlantica l.,as
s1-rou1d
themseh.es
forms, cxchange controls and even
gold embargoes. But what it fails
discrectly to state is that these steirs
were for thc ruost part retaliatory in
i1atllre, and directed against the United States for its pioneering rvith pro-
consistently advocated. As the ,,Spectator" remarks in a recent issue of ;,L'Opinione", the Italian daily of phila_
delphia:
Startling in its inrpact is thc fact
that the value oI Arrrcricarr ( xlrorts
rlurirrg l93l declirrcd lry no lcs; than
S1.400.000.000 as corrrpared with rlrc
preceding year. This drop oI almost
one and a half billion is of course at,
tributable largely to European retaiiatory tariff measures. As though this
terrifrc slump were uot enough, the
5urve) s fiudings irrdicate tl,jt ..tlrc
llreasurcs in process and the plans ir.r
prospect i1l the various countries earlv
in 1932 foreslradon' sti1l further coritraction in international traile cluring
the year ahead, including many markets of primary interest to Arnericar.t
selves of the opportunity to place their
children in an advanced-posiiion in the
world _by inducing them and insistirrg
hibitive tariffs.
cxports. "
The surveS.' goes on to say that, in
the opinion of its compiler any change
52
"It is inconceivable how so nanv
Italian paients neglect tlris nrost inrportant matter and fail to avail them-
that thel' take up the study of theii
parent's language.
"A knowledge of Italian rvould not
only be a source of pleasure to the old
folks and all others concerned but
would place the young people in atr
advantageous position on the firing line
in the battle to earn a comf oitable
living and attain a forrvard position
in society.
"Children of Italian parents are thc
nrost suited to take up the study of a
Latin language because of the start
they have in having hearcl the language
from infancy, however dialectal thc
talk in the home mav have been."
A1'LAN-f ICA'S OBSERVATOITY
.\nd let ir rrot be forgolteu, in addi-
ri,rn, that Italiarr, as a culturai iari-
gi:age. has no peer among the ltodern
languages of the world.
THE WINES OF ITALY
rf HE rvirrrs of Italy, oI course, havc
I been ce,ebraled rrr ,ong and story,
and they are known the world
,-r\-er. It is interestirrg to learn, through
a bulletin of the Istituto Nazionale per
'.'Esportazione of Rome, that Italy
ranks second alltol.lg the largest wine
producing countries of the ."vorld, comrng second to France and ahead or
these pages a year ago, in selling
a
still-life painting to that citadel of art,
the Metropo'litan Museum of Art in
New York City. Mr. Luc;oni, only 31
years old, acconrplished with his
"Dahlias and Appies" what no other
artist of his years has ever done, for
the \{ctropolitan has been noted for
showing but little interest in rrodern
art and for buying little if anything of
the work of contemporary American
artists.
Though born in Italy, Lucioni's art
training is entirely American, for
he
cane to this country at the age of nine
:1ain, as thc following figures for
11130 (the latest year for lvhich com;,1ere figures are available) shorv:
F:arrce: 12.011.074 hectolitres; Italy:
and has been advancing ever since. Besides the \{etropolitan, Mr. Lucioni is
In this connection, Italy's export
::acie in ihis commodity is inportant.
-\'{ost of the exports consist of ordinary
'.'.'rnes (in barrels, deniijohrrs and tank
cars ), rvhicl-r account f or nearly f our-
High trIuseum of Art at Atranta, Ga.,
as well as in many pr,vate collectiotrs.
Contrary to the usual course of cv-
i!..117 830, and Spain: 16.660.38'1. (A
-reciolitre is equal to 26.12 gallons).
i,tirs of the total. Of this it is rn:.-resting to llote that most of it goes
:r Sriitzerlarrd, ald llre rest to other
aLruntries such as Germany, Austria,
Brazil. the Italian colonies, and even
France.
\\-ith longing eyes, probably, do
Irrance, Italy. an<l Spain look at the
::lmense potential market for their fine
l'ine products iu the United States.
'flie
\\:ickersharn Report, for example,
.lirred great interest there, and even
!aulrd sonlc to Lregin preparat.ons, irr
:he hope that it presaged a repeal or
::rodification of the Volstcad Act. Al.hough legislation of this intolerant
rature cannot last verl' 1ong, for tl-re
1,rc sent thc af orementione d countries
rirust rely on other markets.
THE OLD AMERICAN
AND THE f\iEW
I I 7 ITH the decliue in irrrruigratiou.
W
llre problenr today is no"longcr
a matter of immigratiol, but of
represented in the art. collections at
Philiips Academy, Andovcr, Mass.; the
Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Mass.:
the San Diego Art Museum, and the
ents, fame has come early to Luigi
Lucioni, artist.
THE 2OTH AMENDMENT
c\ ENATOR Norris's proposal ro alr) olish tlre "lanre duck'i scssiorr oi
Congress has finally beeu passecl
by that body, and what is quite likely
to become the 20th Amet.rdment to t1.re
Consitution of the United States is
now before the 48 States of the Union,
i""'aitin! for ratification b.v three fourths of their Legislatures. rvitl'rin
seven ycars, to become lar'v.
There seems to be but little exciterrent over anotlrer anlefldrncl)1, and lt
is a foregonc conclusion that it wilI bc
ratified by thc rcquired rrunrber of State
Legislatures. Tn Iact, t)re State I egi.latures in session last month vied with
each other to be first to ratify, the
position going to Virginia. Not tili
soon af ter r.rext January, when 4+
State Legislature: meet, wili 36
them have signcd.
o{
53
'fhe "lame duck" amendmetrt a.irls to
abolish the short or "lame duck" session of Congress whicl-r follows every
biennal election. Instead of waiting 13
nonths before sitting dorvn to work,
the new Congress would opeu on Jarr.
uary 3rd, aiter the November e lections, f or indeterminate, unlinrited
sessions. 'lhe President, insteacl of
waiting four months ti1l \4arch 4th to
be inauguratcd, rvould get that fornrality over r,vith on January 20th, af te r
Congress has had a chance to ger
started.
Most important result of thc passof this amendment will be a Congress that is aln'ays reprcsentative o{
public opinion. The short sessions of
age
Congress following electior.rs frequenrly contained members r,vho had been
repudiated at the polls, but u'hose successors would not unseat them uutil
the following year. The most glaring
examples of "1og-ro11ing" and "pork-
barrel" legislation have probably
ARTISTRY IN ILLUMINATION
t-Ti H E death durirrg tlre 1,ast ie \\'
Fcrirarrd J acopozzi. tlrc
-L weeks ofItalian
Iighting exl'r'r'1. at
fanrous
Paris; brings to rnind a feat perfortned
lrv hirrr durirrg the World \\'ar of
*'hi.ll f"* people are au'are. At that
time,'toward tlie end of the corl{lict,
he designed an imitatiou Gare de I'Ilst
after tiie great Frenclr riilroad station, lr''hich r'r,as then sct up 15 miles
llortleast oi Paris to dcceive possible
Gernran air raiclers. Constructed al'
most er.rtircly of catrvas and light wood,
this con-ric opera statiotl had railroad
tracks, sheds, traius, houses and even
neighboring streets, atrcl it rvas often
suplrored to have cleceived French aviators tl-!ernselves. Had the war cotltinuecl, Jacopgz.zi.w1s te havc de signed
(Contirtued ott Page 8l)
the imnigrarrt in this country'. This
rhift in enrlrhasis, necessitating a nerv
and nrodern outlook on the rr.latter,
ri'as aptly surnmcd up by Edward Corsi. Commissioner of Immigration at
Ellis Island, in an address he delir.erecl
recently in Philadelphia.
. "Today \4.e must no longer speak of
inrnigratior.r," he said, "but of the pro-
llems concerning the intmigrant in A-
nrerica. \\re must establish
betrveen
the old ancl the new Arnerican a closer
and more iltimate relationship, regardless of religion, nationality or color.
\\:e must consider them all as Antericans, witl-r an equal mcasure of consideration and justice.
"A1l this is of the highest inrport-
ance from a national point of vierv bccausc, while America is preparing her-eli for a itorld role, it is necessarl.
that'"vithin tl.re nation there be harmony and unity, rvithout which it is
impossible to give political force to the
international Arnerican program for in-
suring peace and prosperity for
the
Ib' YOU HAVE TRIED
DE NOBILI
CIGARS
You Won't Be Satisfied With Others
s.or1d."
FAME FOR LUIGI LUCIONI
'W'1"
ii:",1::;**Tt'::.ffii:
achieved by Luigi Lucioni, the
Italo-American artist intervieq'ed
i
ir.r
been
provided by "lame ducks", soon to be
a thing of the past, as the stagc-coach
era they represented.
DE NOBILI CIGAR CO.
Long Island City, N. Y.
Boolcs
In Reuiew
THE SOII.\'EIS O/ PETRARAH"
Translated, by Joseph Aws"ander.
p*gq. Neu l'orl:: Lungmons,
!36
Grecn & Co. $2.b0.
f T is as refreshing as it is rare these
f days to come upor a poetical mas-
terpiece that has been translated, not
by a learned, plodding pedant, but by a
modern poet of the first rank himself,
who is unselfish enough to devote fivc
years of his productive li{e to the translation of tfi'e complete cycle of sonnets
on Laura which it took Petrarch fifty
years to compose. 'I'his is the first
time that a single translator, and a
poet at that, lras cver translated the
227 sonnets written <lurirrg the life of
T,aura and the 90 after heideath, from
the old Italian into modern and beauti-
ful English. Well does Mr. Auslander
live^up to the creed expressed by Dante Gabriel Rossetti: "Ihe onlv true mo-
tive for putting poetry into a'fresh language must be to endow a fresh na-
tion, as far as possible, r,r'ith one more
posscssion of beauty."
The sonnets of Petrarch form one of
the world's great groups of love lyrics.
Fcr w.arnrth of passion and ccsta'sy of
song, in their number and variety, ihey
are probably unexcelled. Whether.
Laura ever really existed, and .s7h6gys1
she may have been, she lives today in
vivid, meticulous detail in Petrarih's
immortal sonnets to her in life and
death, which "constitute a portrait unique in fulless and varietv and assuredly stand with thc few sustained and
memorable sonnet sequences of the
world. Their vitality, after 600 years,
dcfies oblivion; their influence upon
our ou''ll poetry, {rom Cl'raucer, Spenser and Shakesp_eare down to the present, is profound aud incorrtcslable."
One of the renrarkable {eatures of
the book, aside frorn its handsome format and binding, is the index of first
lines for all the sonncts, in the original
Italian and in English.
SURVEY OF INTERNATIONAI,
A?F.AIR9: 1930. Bs Arnold J.
Tognbee, assisLed bg V M. Boulter.
605 pages. New Yorl;: OrJord Uniuersita Press.
international becausc of onr intcrdependence upon each other. Our politics, on the other hancl, are national,
fi7.50.
11F intcrest prirrrarill to the studeut
of.inlernational aJiairs, the jour[.rf nalist
or lristorian, this book
ncvertheless can be dipped into profitably by those desiring an authoritative,
documcnted treatment oI the background of such historic matters as the
London Naval Conference, the United
States' policy toward Latin America,
China's Kuomintang Central Government, the conflict in Palestine between
the Jews and the Arabs, and, finally,
the last sessions of the Preparatory
Commission for the Disarmament Conference, the same much-heralded conference now taking place at Geneva.
Besides the valuable chronology of
events during t1're year, the index and
the maps at the end of the volume, the
1930 issue of the Survey has given
increasirrgly so irr cvery
morc promltelrce to econorlic (as op-
to purell' political) aspects of
international af{airs, by the inclusion of
a nurnber of chaptcrs grouped together.
posecl
Politicai rcalities, hor,r'ever, still forrr
the nrainstay of the book, n'ith the auth-
ors bringing up all the facts pertinent
to the.foreig-n affairs of the yelr, much
of which barely even appeared.in A-
merican daily papers. Supplementeci
by the other volumes in the series,
rvhich began n'ith the 1920-3 number,
t lris u ork is rruly indispcnsable for
uritcrs and studerrls of internalional
relations.
Prophetic indeed is thc closing pa-
ragraph of Prof. Toynbee's preface,
rvritten in September of last year: ',On
the rvhole, the year 1930 may .be pronounced to have been the most critcal
year since 1923, though in the summer
of 1931 it already seemcd likely to be
eclipsed, in perspective, by the approaching crisis of 1932.,, Now, bf
coulse, there is no question but that
1932 is the most critical year since the
war.
VENETIAN LOVER:
J.'he Rom,ance ol
Giorgione. Bg A. De Nora. Trans'lated bA Whi,taker Clra)mbers. 3Bg
pages. New York: Rau Lono
ichard R. Smith, I t,r. 52."
R
lu
D OR a nrarvelous picture of the Ref' naissance in Venice during thg lg1l1
Century, as well as a beautiful love
story, "Venetian Lover" is to be recommended. Interest is primarily focused on the personality of the great
Italial painter, Giorgione Barb&elli,
but this by no means subordinates the
story of the tender, tragic love of Claudia the nuu for the paintcr, how she
leaves hirn for his own good, marries
another, but in the end comes back,
only to die of the plague which also
later kills Giorgione. A mysterious
madman called Death is one of the
charactcrs to be remembered.
GOOD BUSIN,E,$S .4ND THE IVAR
LMl'9. By Hcnace 1,aglor. 28 pages.
4-,', York: (olumbia Llniieriita
Press.25
cents.
f N tlris lirtle but mcaty booklet tlrc
f autlror, a rvell-krrou.n economist,
presents all the arguments for the
cancellation of war debts owed the United States, the most important of
which is that "it will pay uJ to do so."
. After ntaking an excellent comparison of the problem with the story of
the g_oose that laid the golden eggs,
Mr. Taylor subdivides his argumdnls
under three broad heaclings: What are
the facts? What do they mean? and
What of it?, and proceeds to
thern.
answer
Mr. Ou,en D. Young's surnmary of
the situation, which the author quotes
at te end, is worth reproducing:
"Our politics and our ecouomics are
in conflict everywhere in the world today. Our economics are
54
courrtry. The
first is forcirrg itself through irontiers
necessarily
toward an integrated rvorld; the other
is building up man-made barrrers around a much larger number of political units than existed beiore the war.
Ihe forces are violent and imposing.
Some better way nlust be found of accomodating each to the other or they
u'rll clestroy each other."
THE GOOD FAIRY: A :l[orLern Comed1. Bg Ferenc Llolnar. Translal' tl anrl adaptrd bg Jarte llinton.
l7R tnops. N ptt, Yt'tt.: lf tt,1 l.o. o ,)
Ilichord R. Smith. $2.
T\ELICIOUS indet.d is rlris larest
L) pl^y of that wily, arrrusing and
altogether delightful Hungarian
playlvright, Mr. Fcrenc \,[olnar, a play
rvhich at the present writing, lvith
Helcn Hayes in the leading role, is
havitrg a goodly run on Broadway.
In a 'rvide-eyed, naive but nevcrtheless extremely expert r.vay, Lu is the
"good fairy" who (in a manner faintly
reminiscent of the Lorelei Lee of the
class of blondes r,vhom gcntlemen prefer) brings a corltract to a poor lalvyer lvhose narne she picks at random
in the pholre book by agreeing to look
favorably upon thc aclvances of a wealthy business man who, however, when
she fails to "clo it" (i e., live up to her
end of the bargain) recalls his contract
and leaves th-.e lawyer just where he
vuas previously.
The story is not thc important thing
about "The Good Fairy", nor is it the
epilogue added as a stunt to sho$', as
an afterrnath, 'n'hat really happens to
the characters ten years later. Rather
it is the author's scintiltating humor,
delivered in an artleis way by Lu, and
almost as
ef f
ective on the printed
pages as on thc'stage.
It will provide
a merry tr.vo hours reading for anyone
who appreciates its subtlc
humor.
1-ef ptayful
AFOOI' IN ITAL\'. IJu John (]ibborn. 248 paoes. llIttsirnted. .Vcur
York: E. P. Dutt<tn & Co. 9250.
OHN GIBBONS. an Englislr rcportcr. u'as sent by his editor orr
a walkirrg trip through Italy, to see
there was a "story" in it. The idea is
excellent, but the editor might have
sent one acquaintecl with the language
or at least with a knowledge' of foreign
politics, art, culture or economics. On
all these matters the author disclaims
knowledge, and quite truthfully. Thus
he can give little more than a visual
description of what he sees, which is
f
vI
if
not very much, and opinions that are,
as he admits, merely his own. The
result is a rather naive account, possibly like that of a Marco Polo.
For examplc, he makes what is to
him the startling discovery that trains
run on time, that there are industries
ir1 Ita1y, and that it is quite different
from England. He a<ln-rits that he
fina1ly' learned that tl're Italian rvord
for beer is "byirha", w-hich it is not,
and his descriptions of ltalian characters leave nuch to be desircd.
(()
ontinuetl on Pogc 80)
I
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ATI,ANTIIA
{
rt
h
Founded
The Cover
1923
This Month
CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1932
p ennnSnNTS the ,Tempio di Err\ cole", a monument
which, because of its gracious lines and its
serene majesty, is one of the glories
of Sicily.
It was erected by Terone, it is be-
In the table of contents below, an asterisk before an
article denotes that that article appears in Italian in the
section "Atlantica in Italiano".
*Prohibition at the Crossroads. . . Dominick Latnonica
*The Renaissance of Science in Italy. ,, Prof . Artu,ro
lieved, in the Sixth Century, dedicated
to Hercuies, and was famous in antiquity for the bronze statue of the demigod and a pa,nting of Zeus, both nonexistent today.
The remalning columns were raised
during the recent archeological work
promoted by the Fascist government
for the restoration of the Greek temples of Agrigento and Selinunte, and
for the conservation of th:s Greek architectonic group,, the most important
that exists in the world today outsicre
57
Cast.iglion.i ........ 59
*The "Dummy Show". .. AtnL For
...."......... 62
*Messina-Its Artistic Renascence. . . Sante Giouanni D,Arrigo..........
. 65
*The Man Who Came Back.. . JIcLttlzew A. Me\chiorre..............._........
68
*Remarks on Americanization.,
. J. R. Scoppa
70
Selections From the Italian press
,t
Music..
. Ilargherita
Tirirtrl,clli
76
What Readers Think of the New Atlantica
Sports
78
*The Sad Lover, a short story. ..
The Italians in the Un:.ted States
i
in
SiLuio W. RoIa
79
............
81
Italiano
Copertino
52
Books in Review
s4
Topics of the Month.. . If,osario lrtgctrgiola
56
,
D APPnPSPNTA il "Tempio di
l\ Ercole", monumento che, per la
grazia del1e sue linee e la serena
maesta' e' una delle glorie della Sici-
85
Atlantica's Observatory
Greece.
Lo Ncstro
7t|
...........
Atlantica
of
lia.
Fu eretto nel VI secolo, credesi da
Terone, fu dedicato ad Ercoie e fu fa-
moso nell'antichita' per la statua in
bronzo del semidio e per una pittura di
Zeusi entrambi ora non pirl: esistenti.
1
Le colonne superstiti furono risollevate ultimamente nei recenti lavori archeologici promossi da,l governo fascista per la restaurazlone dei templi Greci di Agrigento e Selinunte e per la
conservazlone di questo gruppo architettonico greco che il piu' importante
che esista nel mondo fuori dalla Grecia.
F. Cassola, M. D., Editor & Publisher; Dominick Lamonica, Managing
Editor;
--Gionutrui
-\lberto Gromo-Garabelli, Business Xlanagcr; Contributing Editoi;:
Schiavo, Matthew A. Melchiorre. Published Monthly. Annuil subscription, $3.50.
Single copy 35c. E.ditorial and General Offices, 33 West T0th Street, Nelv York
Citl'.
Telephone TRafalgar 7-1828. Copyright 1932. All manuscripis should be
typewritten, acaompanied with return postage and addressed to the Editor. No
responsibilitf is assurned for unsolicited manuscripts.
Cofyight 1932. l,tro article or stor)r in this nwgashtc can be rePrinted
i
;tltolh or in fart witJt,out sf ccial f t:rntission.
I
Subscribers are requested to notify this office one month
in advance concerning
change
of address, otherwise we will not be held responsible {or undeiivered copies. When ordering
a change, please give both new and old addresses. We would appreciate hearing from subscribers when copies are not delivered.
I
55
I
I
I
I
I
rl
t
I
leon, another mightv chiid of that
century, is attributecl the remark
that Washington rvoulcl be "rememberecl revererltlY as tl.re
founder oI a great cntpire lvherr
my nalxe n'i1l be dragged into
oblivion lx- the whirlpool of rer-olution."
As for Goethe, many years ago
l-rancesco I)e Sanctis said that
his "F'aust" is the "Diviue Con-recly oi rnodern cultllre." More
recently, another great Italian
critic. llenecletto Croce, cleclareci
that Goethe's life furnishcs a classical arrcl comPlete cotlrse, Per
exempla et Proecepta, iif high
hurnanity.
Both events are being esPecial1r,- celebrated in ltal-v this year.
'ihe reuson is oltvious. \Vashington is the living symbol of a couutry for rvhich all Italians feel the
cleepest a{fect:on ancl (loethe
TOPICS or rHE MOllTl-l
THE MAJESTY OF THE LAW
'Y'l rvas Chief lustice Ta{t who,
f a ie,.' years lreiore his death,
cleclared in strong terms that
the administration of criminal
justice in these United States rvas
plainly a disgrace. The
state-
ment at the tirne created a veritable furore, but even those rvhcr
thought it someu'hat too severe
never for a moment cloubted its
accuracy.
Norv comes t1-re kidnaping of
Coionel Lindbergl-r's boy ancl
everybody
the most ca1- e\ren
lous of hurnan
beings
stands
- chikl
aghast ancl n'onclers whose
it rvi1l be next. Clearly, our system of law and order has col-
lapsed, patticularly lvhen the distraught parents have to appeal to
criminals and racketeers to help
them recover their beloved child.
What
l.ras happened
to the
larv
of the country ancl to
our adn-rinistration o{ criminal
agencies
justice? Iloth have failed Colonel
Lindbergh at the crisis.
It is true that kidnapings are
not ne$'. Rut it is also true that
kiclnaping as a systenratic and
sa lc rrcket is of lrut re('ent origirr.
The irnpartial observer rnust recognize that kiclnapirrg. like most
of the rackets n,hich taint American Society toclay, is a 1t1.-product
\\re do not say that a \{ussolini is needed here, but if he suc-
cce:1etl so easily and so quicklY in
Italf it is clear that his vigorous
of the
"Nlafiosi" should teach something
to those n'ho are charged with
the enforcemeut of our criminal
ancl ruthless extermination
statutes.
WORLD CENTENARIES:
WASHINGTON
ONd GOETHE
t-frH E errtire civilizcrl rvor1,1 is
Italy was the lancl f -or
I celel ,ratirrg this 1'ear tu-o of .,rhy,
the most remarkable occur- u.hich, next to his GermanY, he
entertainecl the greatest aclmirarences in its }ristory : the bi-cenan<1 love.
tion
tenary of the birth of George
Italy: in\\-ashington ard the ceutertary oi
the cleath of Wolfgang Goethe
tlre lirst on l-eb. 22; the other,
on March 22. Volunres might be
u'ritten on this subject, but here
lve shall be content u'itl.r just a
:
each other, both men rvere destinecl to achieve imperishable glor1'.
Doubtless, they were the tn'o
greatest figures of the !)ighteenth
century: Washington, the Liberator and Founcler of a nelv Nation;
Goethe, the Lilterator ancl Founcler of human r.alues. To Napo-
r-ain prattle
of a hundred polit-
icians.
DISARMAMENT:
THE MODTRN UTOPIA
w
HEN thc (leneva Disartna'
ment Conf erence oPerrecl
recentlv Dino Gratlcli, Foreign Minister of Italr'. thleu' iltrr
it a bombshell lly proposing a
sweeping discarcl of of{ensive
weapons of lancl. sea ancl :rir'
With characteristic franklless. he
declared :
"W'e ltLtz,t, more
th,a'n, once debatctl
tJ:e theoreticttl qtttst'.ott of whetltcT
tlisarntrL,n'L.ent sJt,o''Id, prccede secur-
No one rea1ly knor,vs, for the
causes of the evil go cleeper than
ii
a superficial exanrinatior-r might
ilrclicate. Yet, if exanrples are tc)
Tr
6t'
r
s
6vvlty fre
cc
tl
c tl isarnt'atne nt.
[,['c haae discu.sser! il for the fast
tctt \t:ars, and slt,oi:ld w,c continuc
to debate zt,e sltould ittcuitably strat'
itt,'o th.e path of sophistrl, in d,isartn'
antent. Not only za'ill thot path lead
be o{ an1' l-relp, iet 1s recall that
Italy too, ur-rtil rer:entiy, hacl her
racketeers. It makes 1ittle dif-
ference that they were ca1le<l by
"l'{afiosi".
another nalne
r.rs nowhere,
Itc art cn or'r,r
but zue sltail nt'erely tlisPe
ofles."
That's hitting the nail on tl're
heacl. There has been quite too
much talk altout rlisarmament,
but no practical results' Meanr,vhi1e, a study macle lty the Foleign Policy Association sholvs
larvless
elements had c1efred larv and order, establishing a real reign of
terror among the poor and help-
crushecl.
brr.rtherhoori of nrankind than the
Born a ferv years apart from
it?
less people of Southern Ita1y.
But rvhen X'{ussolini determined
that ltaly hacl hacl enoush of
racketeers tl-re "l'fafia" was
ar.rcl spiritual ties such
as these do more for the universal
few remarks.
of that vast aucl lucrative racket
rvhich the Volstead Act has foisted upou the American people.
\\rhat are 1'lre going to do about
For fi ftv years these
W'ashington, Goetlle,
tellectual
that armament costs have gone uP
Tire Go-Bet.veen
- Frr.m
T
be
ill'au
Frering Ntut
((lontintLed on Pa{te 71)
56
I
Prohibition ot the
Crossroods
By Dominick Lomonico
fTtFIE slang
I
"r(l
r:oulcl uruster the
Our Own Prometheus
erlrression,
rnajorrity
.: ltilt tfU elegant
're. lrut it is one
tion bv the
tlry
r
:ri,.h erer.t- Contn.tisslltiln .linorys
;rrli under stands.
-\: rrplrliecl to the
Ilouse, to
lrarliirruenta,ry
action, the Bec'liLinthicum propo
sal to modif.r the
l.9th Amcndrnent,
l-hich \\'its t,he
bone of contention. lluch less
.ike "straddling"
,rr' "sitting on the
ience.'' Particu-
did thr:r. hope to
Irale the
thirds
ther- dicl desire,
trnd lrc'hieveri elen be1'onrl tr-hai.
tltey Iratl lool<etl
for, \-as a. shon'
of slrength. '\ntl
the \\'ets irr the
Pr'r-r[ifj1iot , t,he
trrust highly coni.r'ilver.sial matter
po-
-tr'a.;
lirir-s for the past
slllDlltilte slidll
ttweaslers"
th€
'rf
'
t\\'o
ne('essar.)r
to ptrss iit. \\'hat
lru'ls has it been
itss,rritlted l ith
-he -subject of
But even the
tJre
House floor. for
ii'lrr legislation,
,lecade.
lrone-
Jutlicitrr,l0omnrittee of thr:
i er-.r-11i21" process
L si:enringl-v be:i:' lroth for and
;,{xinst trnything,
ir hzrs come to be
;i trrill't of the lanrlr.ilge Of Amer-
ln -\merican
neer:led
to bring bacli
frorn r:onsider.a-
\\-ellSCl'
it-zl--
RO(-\<
on
irr].1 the grim determjnation
,rf Prohibitionists were not
ruough last month to stem the
{ur.S^ing tide of disr:ontent with
rlre nrost unpopular piece of lesislrrtion ever enacted in th'is
"Iand of the free". It hacl to
r.one, sometime. For the flrst
time since Prohibition went inro effect, ;the l{ouse of Repre-
Ffouse,
CON\S\ra${\ON
theil
,
Ft n 7 Ie
Yark
Herald-Tribr*
in flexing
nruscles,
hirt-e found trheru
strong. stl that
up tintlivitluall;' ttntl direr:tl1' they, antl the rnillions of Arner'either for or against it. And aI- ictrrs l-ho har-e fought for .years
tlrough technically the result rLgainst the lar. which lilie u
ryas a r,ictory for the l)rJ's, n'ho (:ruliei:ous grot't,}r is eating apolleel 227 to 187 for the \\'ets, rvitv itt justice antl gootl go\-eru-
the former, as Representatirc: ruent, l'er'e exultatrt orel the leBecli succinctll,- put it, "won a. sult.
p,t'rrhic t'ictory. antl their leatl- It has led, among othet'
ers lnay I'ell sa.v, 'One mole tlrings, to other ntoyes loohing
such r-ictot'1-, and n'e Are un- to the rernova} or modificatioit
of the objectionaltle latr,. Onc
sentatives ,had an oppor"tunit.-v tlone'."
\o exper:tation existed in thc nf these u,as the najorit-y reporl,
on Jlarch 14th to ('stand and be
r:ounted", that is, to line itself lrelrlts of the \\'ets that the;' b"t a Senrte sub-conrmittee on
s7
ATI-ANTICA, APRIL,
5B
the l3ing'han 4% beer bill, urging its adopfiop. Prohibrition, it
founcl officially, has increased
the use of hard liquors, reduced.
the consurnption of mild malt
beverages, p,r:omotecl crime and
intoxicatfon, and hur.t t,]re
cause of true terlperance.
It repeated 'what has so
of,t,en been said. in its fav-
or
before
: that it l'oultl
employ hunrh'eds of thousanc'ls r'vho n0\\' give
length to bretrdlinrs, that
it n-ould gire ir substantial boost to :rgl'icu11-ure,
and that it, n'oulcl also
itcl'eate a tax source rnucit
gretrter tha,n rtn-y other'
single piece of legisla-
1932
even though they may lach the
two-thirds en4bling them to r.esubmit the matter to the peoprle,
they will be in a position to refuse appropriations for enfot'cement, n hich the 18th Amend-
sign of their technicirl suprenrac-Y. Far greater., arrd dro\l'n-
ing the Dt.ys' r,emarlis
through sheer
vohrme,
t'as l\ret comrnent.
CongressmAn I,'. H. La
Guarcllia c:alletl it a triumph for the lilierals, ancl
predicted that .(the next
House l-ill har-e a safe
mn,joritv agtriust prohibi
SnG
jtite+G'*
<_-=-:
tion."
-1 f ORtr sisnificirnt, hon'
M
is the n'ay it
"r"". party leaders
has rnacle
studrl' rvith close attention
the pltrtforurs they are
no\Y prelraring for the
coming elector.al calnpaign. The traditional po-
with the results, pointing out
that they still hekl a majority,
but this was interltretetl as a
clinging to the onl.l tangible
tion ancl n'ill r.otc for resubnrission of a lepeal resolution." ^\Iore optimistic, Congressrnan Becli
str;itl the \I:ets rvould not
u'ait untii the next lIouse.
.x
Qa-nF'@k
-a s a4,eeseeaesv?
"Faster, Samuel; We Appear to Be
Slipping Backward."
but thtrt nt the short session of [-'tingress next De,
certrber', ((\\-e (-.an again
subnrit the question of r.epetrl, if not in its present
forru, then as a straight
lepe:rI." The pless of the
";:K;;::'i1, *. J,'iil' lfj'irl i'i'i"T:,i1:
Iitit:al leacler is one rrhose ear ruent o es
b ;;.
"
is close to the ground., in order specifically ""t
to do.
To the prob- the iact that :r change in onl.y
to sense the nrmblings of public able charge of the Drys that ?l r-otes I'oulcl have r.eve'sed
opinion. And it talies no train- this constitutes nullification, the rntrjor.it-v, antl that pat.ry
eil politician to realize that a they udll point to the 14th ancl ieiiders shoultl talie heed arrrl
\Yet or liberal plank must be in- 15th Amendments, n hiclt are hare \\'et platforms or else
serted in the platfomr, other- sinflarly clisregarded in the court disaster this trall.
ulise their canse is lost. li'or the Sout,h because Congress disflost of the newspapers ex
Itrret tide is one that no King creetly proviiles no
'rachinery
tltecl
over the fact that,, in a
Canute of a Dr-v leader can for enforcing them jn the stttes
democratic
countr.l-, its represhave
their
which
turned
baclis
l)rys
norv
are
stem, and the
entatives
lYel'e
finallrv ena,bled
l.urtherrnore,
upon
them.
o,
rapidly losing grounrl. In a
r,ote
to
on
ntatter.
the
)'ear or so, it nray n'ell be a rotrt. \\ret majority in both Elouses,
Irt is not unduly optimistic of if it co*ltl do nothing:\t', to,old The flne a't of
"''easring" on
the Wets to d.eclare jubilantiy tnoclifv the \rohtea't Aot to,leg- prohibition is now
a thing of
that the Novenber elections a'lize beer of a higher percentage the past, and the sooner
both
rvill retuln far more anti-Pro- in tlre nrannel' of the tsinshanr ,.' recognize this the better'
t].'1*,"hibitionists than Prohibition- pr,oposal. Ttris, tron ev;;;;il
the tlep'ession' it looms
ists. Straw votes like that of require a 'raiority #;;'#il
|."::ltt"
the ('I"itel'ary Digest" strongly r1so, r'rrich is not
:,fi;,1t";li,ffii i:fl:"t#YrrX:
rindicate that a goodly number t'hrt hod,v is the mole conser'\'tn" odds' in the long run'
of Dry Congressmen l ill be re- ative or the trvo, n,,a;;;il;;;'
):':1, against the 18th A'rentlcr
;;;;; ;;;
placecl by others rnore nearly representative of the people's opinions on Prohibition.
\Vhen the Wets assune the
lead in the House-and it is a
safe assumption that this will
take place after the elections-
pubtic opinion ,.-,;t;;;;;;;
Lt:-ttt
lllent'
much la,ter than in tire rlouse,
as the makers of the Constitu- This is the significance of last
tnonth's vote in the Elouse.
tion intendecl.
In eommenting upon the re- Blind indeecl is he who cannot
sult of the historie Flottse vote, r'ead the handn-riting on the
the Drys professecl satisfaction wall.
The Renqissonce
of Science in ltoly
Its Signifcaruce in Earopean Ciuilization
By Prof. Arturo
Castiglioni
(In two parts: Part two)
fTl
I
I{tr },iu'i l)lirJ'ed b5'for.eign t:alled ('S. Spirito in S. Sassia" nll parts of the rvorltl students
'l tlrlel)ts. iu the Italian is a center n.here foreign physic' converged on the ft:rlitr,n uni-
universities particularly
-:, the lield of medicine, is clr:r,. ilrsrrittetl b.v the records that
-,le -rtill to be found, in the nit., n's books. ri'hich show t,h:ri,
-i-t luuDs€kn.s fr.equently inter.
-''.:I-r€d. especially
on behalf of
-fLe I'e:lulality of anatomical les:,tilS,
Thtrt the number of foreign
:,udents of Germanic origin enl,,ller1 n'as in continual increase
is shos'n by the fact that in
l-;--r:i the various na,tional
=irTuulrs represented in the nari,rn. among \,hom $,ere Swiss,
B,,rhg111uo*, Danes, Flemings
;ind Poles, each electetl a repreentatile of their own.
The Engiish had from the very
l,eginning sent a great number
,
'f students to stucly at Padua.
Brit to the other Italian nniver-
sities foreign students
in great
also
numbers. At
Pitvia there already teaches in
I1.i9 for those from the other:
sicle of the mourrtains trilippo
D'Allemagnal in 1484 Oherto, a
ijermanr in the Facultj' of rnedicinel at Sena the foreigners
irre gathered in a nulnerous
group; at Perugia the "societas
{er'rnAnorum et gallorutntt,
flc"cked
irrns, stutli-,nls anrl ptrtients gath-
r-ersities.
er'; :rt Ilologna the foreign nations pla,.,r a lir.elJ- part in the
nniversity life; and I'errara alsir
I\f
t\
O less irru)orlrrrt u cle tlrc
relal iorrs beilr'eerr lta l1'
enjoys great fame because of her
and the other European
scientists.
rountries n'ith regarcl to surg'Ihe irnportance of anatornical ery; this is easy to understancl
teachring in Italy is so manifesl ils rl conselluence of the proancl rvell-known that it need not gress in anatornical st,utlies. Dalre gone into it at length. Al- remberg in his magnificent IIisIol' me only to recall that Ye- tory asserts that surgery in
salius tvas a studenti and an in- France r-as taught bv Italians,
structor at the University of Pa- nnd it is n'ell to recall in this
dua, and that only through the connectirtn the rvor.li of Guirlo
(iuidi, :r lflorentine, rr'ho $'as
enlightenetl protection of the
phvsician
to the King of lrr.ance
Ilepublic n,as he enabled to conand
published
n,ho
at P:rr.is in
tinue his studies. \rolcher Coi1544, in the printsholr of pietr,o
ter, the Fleming, (1534-1575), (itrutier,
that magnificent booli:
Felice Platter of tsasle (1536e graeco in latinunr
"Chirurgi:t
1614), Gaspare Bauhin (l-570conYersa",
rvhich,
also fronr the
L62+), and Pieter Paaw da Ampograp,hica
tl
I
point. br:
viel
sterdam (1534 " 1617), \yere
cause
of
the
rnagnifcent
illuscholars in the Italian universities. Among the Spanish ana- strations t,hat embetlish it. is
tomists, outstanding rvas Val- one of the rnost beautiful netlverde de Amusco, a pupil of ical boolis pr.inted rlur:ing thc
Realdo Colombo, n'ho publisherl
in 1556 an rrAnatornyt: of his
on'rr in Sparish l'lrich rvas l'idel;' circulated and becarne one of
the most and studied boolrs of
the Reanissance.
licrraissance.
In
at Padua there begarr
teachring of pathology
throug"h the efforts of G. B. cla
n:[onte, ancl as pupils he had \ran
Ileurne and Sc;hrevelius di Lei\\rhen one considers that il t1a, n ho later brought their clinItaly the anatornists hatl at ical teachings to Ffoilancl,
their disposal a quantity of ru.here it reacherl its greatest
founded irr14L4, acquires, early r:orpses, so that Colombo claim- splendor.
The stucly of the natural
in the Cinquecento, the riglrt to cd to have exarnined rnore than
elect the rector ever,y thirrl year. ru thousarrrl of them, one cail sciences is reborn in a new corr-\t Rorne the German hospital casil;- see the le:rsorl I'h1' front r:eption. enrinen.tly Italian, iu
:
(-)
the
1587
60
the lrorli of Anclrea }lattioli, a
Sienese, n-ho collected. in one
rnonurnental booh the fruits of
his long obsen'ations and very
accurate studies. IIis n ork had
an enornous diffusion in all the
countries of Europe, a series of
editions rvere publishecl outsicle
of Ital,1,, anil it constitutetl for'
rrlmost three centuries the classic text on pharmacology. No
Iess profound n-as the influence
exerted by the tr.orh of Ulisse
Aldrovandi, a Rolognese, head
pitysician and instructor in zooIogical and botanical studies,
who founcled the botanical gardens and the museum of natural
history in Bologna, and that of
Andrea Cesalpino, n hom I"inneo
considered the first to lay dourn
the solid bases for the stuily of
botany, ancl of lr-hom Nordenshejoeld rvrites that his system
is the flrst foundecl essentially
on comparative morphologic:rl
examination.
ATLANTICA, APRIL,1932
almost simultaneously in lflanders anrl in Ital;', in England
and in Gerrnan-v; Nicolot Stenone, a Dane, and a r.ery diligeni
student in the Unir,ersity of
Piszr; Olaf Rudbeck a Swede,
cornpletes his nrost important
stndies in the University of Pacultivator of Latin poetry, n'as d.ua. Adlriano Spigelio of Brusphysician to the King of sels studied at P:rdu.a, n'here he
Su'itzerland, John III, and rvas listed in the roster of the
publishecl in 1581 a treatise corr- (ieman natiion, arrcl rvhere he
cerning the ebb and flon, of the taught anatorny from 1618 to
tr':rters trround Siochirolnr.
1624. Ot.,her instructors of for'fivo illustrious Italian physic- eign bilth in Ital;,' n'ere Gioians practiced rnedicine in Po- vanni \\resling ancl Giovanrli
land: one rvas Antonio Gazio, Giorgio lVirsung, both anarvho had been a student at Pa- tomists of great fame. The anadua, and the others'as Jacopr-r tom;' that has its great develpIrerclinancli of Bari, u'ho w:ls ment in Elolland trnd in France
c:riled to Poland, became physic- still has its point of departure
ian to Sigismund II, ancl pub- in the Italian schools, and trhe
lished in Cracow inL542 a trea- neo-Efippocratism nhich in the
tise on the preservation fronr Dnglish school of Syd.enham
plagues. At the same Court reaches its most noted point in
there lived about 1574 Nicoto this ,century shon s evidence of
Buccella of Padua called as the reiations between the great
physician by King Stephen ancl Nordic schools and those of
f Ir, as we hrve seen. during all rvho died there in 1610.
Italy.
^ of the Cinqueeento, foleign
students flockecl to Italy from flr, after this rapid exarnina- nO \* C tr R NI\G these,inter.naall parts of Burope, no less in- I tion of the culbural relations V tional lelations, rvhich can
teresting i,s the worh of the It' bet'ween Italy and the other be said to have been born in
alians rvho were called to, for- countries of Europe in the Re- Italy, it is important to rnention
eign countries to practice their nirissance n'e seeh to examine one of it,s most important fac,profession and ,to teach in the what happens in t,he Seicen'tor tors, the foundation of scienuniversities. To cite a fet' a- the era in rvhjch experimentai tific acidemies. The .(Accarlemong the most illustrious: Gio' science asserts itself definitiv- mia dei L'incei", founded irr
vanni Manardi u'as for many el_v, we find that in this era of Rome by Prince Irederico Cesi,
years physician to the King of grave political and econom'ic sit- had foreign scientists among its
Ilungary; Luigi Marliani, of uations for trtaly, and no less first and most noted members,
Milan, was consultant to Maxi- for Germany, desolated by fiery among them Giovanni Ecchio.
milian II and to Charles V; religious wars, France, Ilolland It is these academies that are
Giulio Alessandrini, of Trento, and England begin to rise to rapidly founded in the Italian
rvas physician to the Emperor their greatest heights. trYe note cities, in Germany, trngland
Ir'erclinand I, to Maximilian I I in this period how the exchange France, the centers of scientific
and to Rudolph II l Prospero of ideas and hnowledge bet;ween research, at a 'tirne n'hen there
Borgarucci, a native of Can- Italy ancl the other eountries. is to be noted a decadence of the
ziano near Gubbio, was for a althongh less extensive than universities, inflexible in their
long time at the French Court; during the Renaissance, still is doctrinaire forms. They repreLeonardo Bottalio, of Asti, n'as hept very much aiive. Marcello sent a very important stage in
physician to King llenry III of l{alpighi, creator of the modern the history of the spread of
anatomy of plants, presents his scientific thought hecause alIf rance I Giovanni Argentero,
born at 'Castelnuovo in Pied- studies before the London Ro- though the academies belong at
rnont jn -l 513, n'as for more than yal Society I Flarvey, after har'- first to that closed organism
five years a physic'ian at Lyons ing studied at Padua with Fa- that is the republic of the learnancl there achieved great fame. brizio D'Aequapendente, mahes ed, ruled by its own laws and
Ilaolo l{inuzio, of whom Tira- linoryn the r:esults of his studies living rvithin its own con{ines,
boschi speahs considerably, also
practired there for a long time.
Gabriello l'rascati of Briescla
n.as ctrlled to the Court of Philip
II, Krins of Spain, about 1580.
Apollonio )Ienabeno, philosopher and p,hysiciztn of l{ilarr,
Iearned in natural history anrl
THE RENAISSANCE
I
i
I
SCIENCE IN
ITALY
61
the intc.rnational s ci en ti fi c
nroveurerrt, and it, is there that
all the rnost noted men of Eu>":,rrnlo.
.:.:
because in the acarope
the
sante
stud;', from Yesalius to
-*' -i> rhere gathered also per- voh'ed; and it has
- :- i,rreiSn to the class of the character:istics, that is, the for'' \rorstio, from Copernicus to
- -, --,irs trr plofession, and be- niation of individualism, the re- Halvey. In the Italian school.
--r itrer aclopted as the 1an- turn to the study of the classics, through a witle mor-ement, the
.
,1,: uf use the national anrl the passionate love o{ fundamental program of l'hiclt
-- r-*'.1*. especiali;' in Italy, they nature.
Leonardo had expressed in thtt
r.ords : tt'lo littotr, how to see",
i r -i ir gleal step forward on
Renaisscientific
llhe
Italian
conclucl--: .,i-irr to the popularization. sance of the Cinquecento marlis anrl r'hiclr Galileo had
((Natirre is
erl
l.ith
Lhe
sa1'-ing:
- :rl-ure. Little by little the the beginning of a serlies of cuirvrittcn in matlientatical let"
:- :..':eniies. for just this reason,
currents from Italy to all
tural
ters", the scientiflc Ilenaissance
:r'":e*:,l in importance the uni,continue to tire countries of Europe. This has its beginning. Irrom this
which
movement is deter'great movement tou-ard, truth
r":r':.ries.
.illrril themseh'es narrowl.v intellectual
mineil b.v the traditions of thr: lncl freed.orn in stud.-v, an esthe.he
conser'vers of the ancient
':
Italian schools, by the liberty ot tic and histortical moYement
,: rr*litions.
instruetion, by the rvealth of the
Ti,r\r ard the enrl of the Sei- collection existing in Italy, by- compar:er1 u.ith the rerolutionary ancl iconoclastic one of Lu,, rl-riio there appear the flrst
lhe ,systematizatjon of anatom'
theran Gernan_v, studies in
s -c111iflg journals, of which the
- -:r " i,*tl aril the end of the Cin,'l: ,:lrr,t irnd. the beginning Of
I
O1.-
".T
'r,u'nal des Savants" sees the
'rhr irt Paris in 1675 : but it is
rl eresting to note t,hat the first
('Gazette
;,,'tririca1 journal, the
i* France", is created by a phy.ilian. Teofrasto Renaudot, who
-s celtainly no less the able
j"nrnzrlist than he is the genial
rx'girnizer of nelfare institutes
:i-'I' the poor. AncI the relations
r.,err-een Italy ancl France ber:r.rme such that three years after
.he appear:ance of the French
s,-'ientific journal there begins
l,ublication, through the I'orli
,-'f the abbot l'rancesco Nazat'i,
('Giorna.
tr't'ofessor at liome, the
ie c'lei Letterati", and in 1672
the '(Giornale Yeneto dei [.etter'arti't of l{orettti, which frecluenlh'reported. news ancl notes from
rhe French journal.
If we seek to sum up briefly
the result of our observations,
ri-e will r:each the conirlttsion
that the scientific Renaissa.rrt:e.
and particularly that of merrlicine and the natural sciences,
has its beginning in Italy, con-
temporaneously with the
naissance in art and for the
Re-
sirrne reasons, that is, the con
ditions of the environrnent, and
the political arrd socjtrl fact,s irr'
ical teachings, b.y the use of the
Latin tongue as the scientifir
language, an.d linzLlly by the
great scientific actii'tities of the
Italian printshops.
'l'he center of these cultural
relations resides in the finst period in the Italian universities,
rvhence floch students from ali
par.ts of Europe; in the exchange of instructors and phy-
every par:t of Europe drarv their'
beginnings or strength. The
spirit or the tratlition of the Itrrl,irn sc.hools lives irgain in EIolland ancl in England, in France
ancl in Germany, ancl rvhen, irt
the Seicento, the political power of Italy marhs a period oi'
decadence and the great French,
Dutch and English schools, and
later the German, reaoh a flour.
ishing point. intellectual rela-
sicians among the various unirersities ancl Courts. In tlrc tions with the Italian schools
second period, tor'ard the be- are maintained.
Thus dn the fleld of the spreatl
g^inning of the Seicento r,i.ith ile
clacadence of the Italian univer'- of scientiflc ideas I'taly of the
si,ties, the academies assume t,his I-ieruissance played a part of the
{unction; then with the rise of highest import,ance. Dominated
sr:ientiflc journal the exchangtr in large part by foreigners, shc
of' cultural relations becomes remained. dominant in the
,schools, and there she welcomed
nore and more intense.
fraternally students from all
I,l must renernber that the
Italian schools of the Re-
naissance, and Padua iin particular, are the forges of the scientific movement of the Renaissance, s.hether it be in the field
of the biological studies or in
that of the experimental studies.
At Paclua is concentratetl all of
",w
parts of the
n orld. 'I'hus she understood and explainecl the idea
that science does not recognize
bounclaries and that,the concept
of humanity assigning man his
place in the cosmos and fixing
his laws, sta.nds above and be1'ond the limits of space anrl
time'
(Th.e
et'rd.)
The "Dummy Show"
Italian Marionettes
in
I'{ew York
By Ann, Fox
((
ll. \:OIr rrean
the
rlrunmy show !" reply
t}e urchins of New
\-orli's I ittle I,talI frorn rvhom
1'ou hirve inquiretl the n'ay to
the tuitt'iotrette theatre. And
cven ill yott folltlw theil' tiirec:1ions .vou irre liliely to pass the
rrrt-rdest, tlool of Signor tr{anteo's
little 1rlit1'house. It is no hetter
lighterl tltittr atry of tlte neighlroring gr'ocery stores or pastry
shops, irrrl, although the theatre
has lterett itr the same location
fur thret: \-ears, tltere is no narne
orr its n?lrro\\i non-cornmit'tal
['ront.
T h e t'(' ztre llo ticliets, of
(iourse. Signortr l{anteo accepts
1'our tluirt'ter in shy silence, and
1-ou trtllic \-our rila,Y to one of
the stil'f l'ood.en seats in the
Irtrrretr l ir'less hall. Norvhere
perhalrs il the realrrr of the Anrerican theatre is there less concern l ith the rrrechanics of
plity:loirrg irlt,l ntol'e of the traditional slri r'it of the ancient
theatre.
The rrretr in the autlience-son}etir)les tltere are no w0men
irt all-nr e for the ntost Part
r nitldlt'-n getl worliingrnen. What
)'orlng lrlen iu'e tirere al'e lihely
to n'ear t'ir1n and to lieep thelrr
on all tlrrrilg the performance"
'I'here is not a i.ratent leather
liead irr tlit-' t'r'owtl. Many of
these spct'tir.tols are illiterate,
lrut thtr- ll:tYe come long distauces :t lter it harrl tlal"s lvork
to revel itr the c.eniurY-oltl
thritls oI tlrt-r'(()t'lantlo Ilurioso"
spirit of the Sicilian rnarionette aucliences of Columbus'
day. 'Ihese quiet-r'oicetl men
htrve corue to enjoy an episode
tuf :r stor.1' that the;' lirros' arrd
that their' lathcrs ioved. TheS'
treat the performance with the
comfortirltle camaracleries of an
old friend. They smoke, drink
irr the
pop, eat peanuts and fruit, and
drop ashes, bottles, shucks and
skins orr thc floor. And. the
second the r:ttt'titiin goes lrp thc)stop talhing.
'loward the cerrter of the
little lrrrt'li drop str:ides a tall
hnight ir shining armor. The
"ruiserabili pagarri" that he has
no use for the Saracens. But,
of courrse, he's a Christian !
Doesn't the ilrop picture rows
of colored tents surmounted. by
the cross? This is the camp of
the Christians.
And no'w another glittering
crusad.er clanks across the little
drop, and another, and yet another. Along ,the bach they
stand in a urartial rol, not beca,use they are defenders of the
faith, but because they are Sicilian narionettes. It rvas the
Greehs who introduced the art
of puppetry into Sicily, and to
rnost irnaginative hig'h-school this day Sicilian
ttll'anhoett
freshnan to n'hom
has just opetred up the lialeiclo-
function
marionettes
in the feeling of the
arreieut Greeli chorus.
scopic ronance of the (lrusades
Increclibly picturesque is this
never envisionetl a more glamor- frieze of stahvart paladins. No
ous hero th:rn the gold.en knight two coats of rnail are cut on,the
orr tlre iittle stage. L dazzling same pattern or worked in idenand chivalrous flgure he is ln tical design. No two plumes
his intricately n'orhed coat of boast the same color seheme,
rnil,il, su-orrl in his right hand, no tq'o skirts the same combinashieltl in his left, a vari-colored tion of veh'ets. There is no
lrlume flonring fron the crest of Sam Bron'ne ,self-effacing unihis torvering hehnet.
formity in this line-up of
Charlenagne's brigadiers. Si6lUl)l)l'l\1,\ rr Iittle sheep gnor llanteo the armorsmith
D-mtI rirrltles lraclrstage, the rvoulcl no more forge trvo suits
signal for the pianirst out front of aruror alihe than Signor
t o stop playing. Grandilo- Manteo the marionette sculptor
quentl.v thc burnished. hnight would carve trvin crusaders out
begins to spetrlr. As the sono- of the sa,me blocli of n'ood.
Again Ariosto's exuberant
lous ctilerr<:es of '\r'iosto's lines
rise arrd fall, the gleaming soli- phrases ro11 forth, lteattifully
lirluizer strtites lris shieltl I'ith enunciated, memorabl-v intoned.
his srvut'tl, shalies his beplumed It is Sigrror }fanteo lr,ho reads
trncl hehueterl heird, and stalhs a the rnale parts, adapting his
stiff-ieggecl step or two alvay voi,ce and interlrretation to the
frorn the tlrop. Dven if you role of the moment. The audc.r'cle.
hnol' no ltalian you can tell ience, of collrse, knou's the
New
centurY
tn-eltieth
'I'his
Yorli lrttlience attettds the shorv frorn his lindictive repetition of characters well, but the average
62
THE "DU\{i\[Y SHOW''
5'-trlir: str'ectator is likely to cle:,rn'i- for identification on the
":.i'"riki-ng gestures of the marion-
them are gir.en the same expression of countenance. There is
one pallid moustachetl oriental
potentate in the Moslem horcle
$Iho, for dignity and an air of
rtrce, rnight be the Kubla Kltan
]rimself. Signor tr{anteo shades
th,is character's lines with lestraint and authorit"y and delivers them in a voice reniniscent of Mei Lan l-ang's.
53
rvords with another hnight,
as
often a fello-n' Christian as a dog
of an unbeliever. T'he ensuing
taunts and" challenges bring on
i rtls- \\-hicherer knight is
sharp interchange of shor,t
"-l;ins smite,s his shield, shakes
;:s :lirtering head, and takes a
clanking srvord blows. Then
: rii step for'war'il. It is evidenr
the combatants drarv irlrurt anil
:: '::.1 rhe rehemence of the smitare s\\rung in head-on eoliisiorr
_r g atnr-1 shaking thar all is not
against each other with a craslr
wirh
*i]
Christian
the
host.
that would do cledit to a hard"
irrl,r the tense scene limps a
rvare stor'e in irn ertrthquahe.
-:;ur' shr'ilking figure. Elis is
The council of the infirier Back they srving again in a
" , - ;he heroic uroulcl of the maeclipse, stiff le.es kicking
-.! -'' rrrr_r.nlielons before rvhom chiefs is less solemn than orre longer
has a right to expect from so scissorr.ise, knig'htly plumes
r i iiilDrls stutterrng. This ridignifietl looking a conclare. streaming from srvift-sn'ung hel,. - -rilt'uslf inarticulate little
One of the characters raises a nrets. Yot correr your eyes to
, r ri. rlrr'e is the comic relief, of
high shrer,vish voice in head- avoitl harm frorn bits of shat. -r'se. FIe is a common soldier. tossing protest against some- tered. armor that must surel;'
T:r: rlrrlience began to laugh thing or other. Yes, 'ir.ouldn't shower the air in this fierce nen'
; rrrinute he set. uncertain foot
":
you know it? There are $ omen onslau.ght.
rr rhe stage. But ruhat he warriors
But you Lut" 1'sr,lionecl rvithamong the Saracens as
- ;.1Ixages t0 stutter before he is
there are among the Christians. out the artistr'X- of }lanteo the
r h;skerl an-ay thron,s Charle- Ariosto's
story, be it remember- armorer. His coats of mail
'-;1sne's shining heroes into ed., trea"ts
the L'r'usacles not as a were $relded for quite as serious
-unking iits anil stomping pro- beau gest.e, as does the
'(Chanson x,arfare as those of Charlerssirrll ilto the x,ings.
de Iloland," or as tr spiritual magne's hard-hitting paladins.
TiLe pianist oub front resumes
cluest as c1o the Arthurian leg- 'Ihe new crash sounds like the
:.s plaring, but the curtain is ends, but as a bacl<ground oii lusty impact of trn'o hostile locor,'. lowered. An imaginative hnightl"v gallantries. Indeed, motives. So cloes the next crash
..ridience needs neither entre
leitmotif of ((Orlando Furto- and the next. l{ailed breast
:,:te curtain nor ingenious the
so" is the insanity of the hero smashes against mailed. breast
l;ghting effects. The young of
the Roncesvalles brought on ancl shieid clangs against shield
rrl.r]r,r of a deus ex machina by the fathiessness of the oft- as fast as the manipulators can
: Eilf h tlown oYer the drop
von Angelica.
sn ing the heavy figures bacli
:n'i rr-aft it overhead. Nimble
l'he cycle takes nine months and bang thern together again.
r 'rlrls flngers turn bacli tlrop
to complete, what with the res- The stamp of bachstage feet and
afier drop until one appropriate
cuing of wailing long-haired the shouts of backstage voices
i, rr the next scene comes to
damsels and the tresetting ot help turn the fracas into head-ighr. This must be the Sar- heroes by rivals and hippogriffs. splitting pandemonium.
r"cL) r'ailllr. The 0trrint-rtts r't'eAh, norv you can let go of
These latter monsters are no
:,'tnr flaunts above the barbaric
great
tame affairs either. Their
l.our seat ! The hnight of the
'rlrr€d tents lihe a pagarl new green bodies writhe thlough the recl plume has dropped to the
Irrrrrrn. It is the Saracen camp,
air in blood-curdling loops antl grounrl lihe an anchor and
fr-ir a graYe row of trousered
greedy jaws belch fortir chain, his mailed toes turned
their
trnenries of Christianitv flles bescorching flames. Not eyery ingloriously towar:d" the ceiling.
f,'r'e the drop.
episode, of course, introduces a Now there wili be aural peace.
T)RUBABL\- no phase of Si- hippogriff, but no matter what The loves and hates of the
t guor )lanteo's versaLiliLy is episode you happen in on you green-plumecl victor will unmore fascinating than his por'- can be sure of at least one tangle themselves in comparatir.e quiet.
tr'il1dl of Saracen types. AII the combat"
tlhr'istian faces he has made
Ilut out of the n'ings thumps
You have no idea of what
handsome in a sans peur sans "the souncl and the fur-v" reall-v a grim ne\v enemy. Again the
l'elrroche fashion. But each pa- means uniil you have sat on the fearful ,combat fllls air and ear
gan face is hauntingly charac- edge of .vour seat through one until one of ihe hnights is lanrelfu]. The Moors are black of these linightl"v free-for-alls. quished aud lies in shining reirnrl polyerful, the Tarttr,r.s yel- The prot:rgonist of the episode Itrslrtiorr besirle or across the
tr,rn- and crafty, but no two ot usuallr- has a climactic, duel of 1il'st vir'tinr. Indeed, it is no un-
A:I'I,AN]]ICA, APRIL,
(r-l
1932
usual thirrg for the hero of the
evening to lav lott- it dozen ttar'
liors irr srvift procession, lear'ing tht,rrr pilerl lrip-cleelt in i,
brtrss itnd t'elr-et ttrc,ss on the
1
-\t:t g-e.
ll.\ I'S l Irile tlre tield of
('iu'nilx-e is lreirrg t'lelt'ctl
lotr tlecicle to shake off the d,eafcrring s1rell of the crusades by tt
rratter'-of-fat't r,isit back of the
D
l'
I,.li
s('crles.
\'ou push asid"e the
ilru'ro\\- curttrin to the left of the
stage irntl find -l ourself conf'r'onted b1' three glittering rorvs
of trnrrt'rl krrights rarrgetl on the
thr"ee rrya ilirble sicles of the
r'oor1. Ilrte nnd thcre in the
lrhalarrx ill'e luoked irrra,.1. lovely
Iortg-hirit'r.rl litrlies itltri (1er'emollrorrslr- r'estrnented ecclesiitstics,
the tnrsting charge s of the
I ri stlirr g solclier'-v.
r
Ilnt. rrll at oncc the latter
tri hrrt'e shed their horrendous aspect. 'I'hey are no longer
giant-,r. 'lhey are only marioncttes irlrout ihree feet high. ft
is :r gt'ittluuted series of drops
that gives tlrese P; gmies therr
seern
ep,ic 'heiglr1.
If this bil of stagecraft
inSignor
crea.ses \'oul' r'espect for
lfanteo. close irrspecl,ion of the
rrra,r'ioltt,ltcs ittrd the rvorli of
lrrot1 trtitru l ill rlrarrge .\'olll' l'('spect to u'ottder and to admirai ion f ot' tlre llanteo farnily.
Surelr sotrt' of these nobl,Y tlesignerl itnll r'lelicatelv ernb'ossed
suits of tnrtil deserve to be mu.seunr pieces, rnllch as it n'ould
crnbrtrass Siglor }fanreo to hear
citlrer'his hrnditvorli or his
i heatlec:t'it ft chara.cteriz,ed as
irrt. it is Signora Jfanteo tt'htr
fashious tlrc tlttsttttnes of tlte
llclies itttrl other turannorerl
r:haractet's itnd ihe fabric gar-
rnents o 1' tirtl tt'ai'r'iorts elrscntble's. 'l'lte efflect of her
neerllen'orli is luxttrious indeett'
l'or sltt' r'olrrhines velvets, brocntles illt(l g,olt1 crubroid.er-v ln
,Along the back they stand in a mattial row."
!d
outbursts to signal the 'correction of a marionette gesture or
patterns.
Your risit ba.clistage allocates frorvn disap,proval of his daughfor you the unconcerned hancis ter's reading. The house of
that reucltecl clon-lt to change Nlanteo, marh you, has been
the bar'li th'o1r or to adjust zl producing rtrarionette shows for
knightll' head or' :r jammed eighty -vears, first in Italy, later
sword. 'I'he hands belong to the in the Argentine, and for eight
hanclsonte young marionette years in Nerv Yorli.
rnanipul.ators, the Signor's sons.
As you edge Your \\'aY out of
Ele has four of them, slight of
the narron' wing bach to the
build., but pol'erful enough to
irall you rnust be careful
tnanage 135 lb. urarionettes smohy
not to distrnct the attention ot
rvith vigor and hutnor'. The hosthe au'clience from the stage'
p,itable )'onng lad,y I'ho ans\Yers
patrons of one of the ordall your questions is the Si- These
of tlramatic art are
forns
est
gnor's tlaughter. She reads the
snarl a sharP Latm
to
not
slorv
fenale loles. The gravelY rebulie at any
source of distraccourteorts Jove rvho is rnuclr too
onlY those
tolerate
They
tion.
busy reatling and rlireeting to
as respecrattend
who
lrrswer qtestions is Signor' outsiders
fully as they d.o.
]'[anteo.
Illiterate they rnaY be, but
0n l-atching tlie Performarce
from the front -Yoll hacl oc- not uncultured, these butchers
casional gliutltses of expressive and bahers and . candlestlck
hand.s that gesticulated out of mahers n ho ignore the cinema
the nittgs in cataclysrnic mo- and strip-teasing burlestlue lor
rnents. Thosc l'ere the Signorts ,the romantic atlyentures of an
talenterl ltatrds, helping him to eig-hth centut'-v n-arrior hero.
tear a pitssion to tatters anrl to Who hnorvs but these dummYrags. l{e rea,ds his Parts sc} show tladitionalists al'e the
s-vmpathetit'ali.v that his blue spiritual, if not the lineal deeyes fulurinrrte l'ith feeling arrcl scenclants of the trandit chief
the sn-elt r'olls frotn his earnest' who released Ario'sto on diface utrtl tttttple bod.v. Yet he t'.an scovering that his caPtive was
tletach hituse'lf ft'tttrt tlte mosl, the author of "Ollanclo Furich color
st hentes attcl
)righ-1rott'crerl
intricate
of his
hnightl"v
riosott?
Messino
!ts Artistic
Renoscence
By Sonte Giovonni D'Arrigo
.1.: :' , :rncient that they are
- .: il t1.re iegencls o{ the
. Ircuples of rvidely differ-iilir. sr-rcceeded one another
. :i.t,,rr'. ancl ail left traces
=:: civilization.
-: ::ie seconcl hali oi the 6i':::,1.-- ..i1t1111-. holve\ref, the
city
: : ,oast oi bcing a famous
: ',r:: ui l'run'ranist
ancl
' = i-il.ipiace of greatculture
and glori-.- :..:i>ts. such as Antonello cla
-\s thc sr.rat alchitcct lloito hastily ltuilt alter the clisaster,
n,rote, " l'his architecture, al- rvere seizecl ivith a great clesire to
though it rvas itorrr, 11evelopec1, reconstruct their dear city, to
ancl mzrrle to flourish ior the most rn;rke it again as it n'as before the
carthq uake.
r'r
blem-economically, structurally
lLud arcl.ritecturally.
llconomically, thc government
nta,le llrovision to a cerlairr extent
though the city even norv still
-stancls
:::-rtii. trilippo .ftiv:rra, t-hc,
.= -rclare<l by \tilizia to be the
- ::rr:t architect oi his time, A.
r . ,::gr.iez. ,'\. Cordi1lo, Sal v.
aicl.
.--:.:',,nio. -\1ibr.andi, the son ancl
:: r---i| oi ,\ntoneilo, Quagliata,
:., :ranr- otl-rers rvho have left in-.:' le traces o{ their genius, 11[es-
- : :- therefore had, besides r,vorks
sculpture and painting, a
arcl.ritecture that r,vas
::-th oi
:-:t:esting for its r-ivacious colorior its simple 1ines, and {or a
,: -tr:dor tr,hich carried on the ir-r.',:.;rces of the great Juvara anci
::: iantastic Guarino Guarini.
lli its manv arts. holver.er, the
:rt r-hich rlost splendirlly ilhi.:natecl the artistic lteatrtv of
I ltssina was its so-callec1 Norlma,r
. :. But the art u.ltich ilourish. - under this nalte trright ntore
, ,:.:ir- be re{errecl to as sin'r1i1y Si,
:-ian. for it u'as art original and
..rrlonious art created expressl,r- life in that Sunny Island. ancl
- rlrlt lrgi'rr orrly. irr fact, ii tlr.
.
- , rl'nans b-t' cornbining the art
ther' learnecl iror-n the peo,
' ..rich
: of Coruarrcina (:r slnal1 isiarril
:r the lake o{ Como) with th:Lt
rich thry founci alreacly cler-elop:,i-the l3yzantine and the llocir..h-rvere able to create it l-lc\\r ar- i'ritecture truly original, it rvas
'.ecause the creative forccs of that
:irt \r'ere suggested by thc Sicil:1n telxperament arrd b1- the spec:ai aclaptations of the lzrnclscapes.
.-:<.
'l'o rebuilcl the city thus lvas
irlerrtll- a ver)- seriuus pru-
Interior of the Palazzo di (liu,tizia
part uncler Normandy kings and
through their initiatir.c. r'r'as irr
Sicily; it is complete and per{ect
in itself ; it cloes not imitate this
or that foreign art, but synrbolizes
itlagination, the fine talent, tire natirr-e,
the customs, ancl t1-re entire history oi the Sicilian people. Ni,
one art is morc original, no ollc
more rational."
\!-hat no\r, remains of the grerat
artistic treasure that rvas profuse
in and about 1\{essina ? It is verv
nrarvelou,sIr- the r-ivacions
.ad to think that what rnany
g.n..i-
eager. patient. and gifted
tiorrs createrl ntas alrnosi
aotr-r-
pletely destrol'ecl b,r' a sudden nte\l)ecte(1 e;trtlrqttakc.
FTER the first periocl o{ bervilderment, the harcl rvorkirrg pc,'plt. >u[[,.t'irrg irom no
it't'lirrl' ,,f lt',11e irr tlrt.
65
slracks
in
neecl
of its
lrenevolent
'J'l're question o{ tl're s1'stem of
construction to be employed presentecl itself as a very serious and
itrteresting orie. How could the
ncu' building be better defendecl
rLgainst another ltossiltle earthrlLiake u,hich nright cause another
rlisaster? The noted professor A.
I)a.nusso of tl-re R. Prrlitecnico of
LIilan made a serious studl' ef 11.ri.
1,r',,1rlenr. At an errgirreers' corrr-cntion in 1909,' he set forth a
urost interesting plarr r.r.hereby a
structllre of reinforcecl concretc
rrriglrt rnakt. tr sali:iact,rf\ coltslluctiun agairrst eartlrquaies. ltr
consicleration of this study arrd
iLlso of tl're investigations of ottrers, the government ordered that
t1're earthquake-resisting constructions -qhould be composed of reini''rrcecl concrete, the f rameu'ork
n ith vertical and horizontal menrbers rnade as of one lriece so as to
iorm a single systern, rvhich, becatise of the elasticity of its steel
bars, rvould offer strong resist('il('c to the dangerous strain induced by the horizontal and vertical rrot'enr errts of the earthcluake. I'hen again, it rvas necessary that the base of these constructions lte not too large and
that the height not exceed 10 meters, a height rvhich now is set at
1l rneters for ordinary buildings
arrd 14 m(-ters for larger'workl.
Ancl this follows beiause the
66
strain on the structure, the entire
reinforced concrete cage of which
is regarded as a great pil1ar set
firm1y in the ground, is less if the
moving mass is reduced in height.
The third problem, the architectural one, proved complex. Messina u.as a historical site r'vhich
commanded the highest respect
and rn'-hich her future development
must necessarily keep in mind. In
ATLANTICA, APRIL,1932
u'l-rich exalts and inspires a relig-
otis sentiment.
A I )IF'FICULT and delicate
A t.rk rvas lhat of tlre techrri
- -', cal office, at the head o[
'
L,
In the fielcl of profane architecture in N{essina, numerous experiments have been macle, ancl
man)- lxore rn,il1 be made. In the
rvhich rvas, an<1 sti1l is, the Ing.
Rarbaro, a )'oung' man of genitts
nho has as collaborzLtors llrilliant
]-ot1ng engitteers oi aclmirable
harmony r,vith her climate, her co1or, her happy lights, Messina required buildings with spacious entrances, rvide and open stairways,
terraces, and balconies.
But, on the other hand, the artist's personaiity lvould naturally
be influenced by his professional
environment and by the new tendencies rvl.rich architecture took
after the "eclectic" epoch. Hor,vever, in this period o{ troubled
search for the nerv, the architects
could not abandon themselves
blindly, especially not to the foreign experimental tendencies
u'hich were not ah,vays suitable to
regions like southern ltaly.
f N other rvords, the new city of
f Nlessina has iollowed only in
some \\'ays the newest ideas
in architecture, so that her buildings have been completed in a
style which is affected only in
rvise moderation by modern influences. Thus there is rationalism in her architecture, but not
under that strict form in which
all ornamentation is renounced. A
sane and beautiful balance has
has been obtained by accepting
the modern simplicity and combining it u'ith the traditional
characteristics.
Messina has many of these
buildings, but I shall limit myself
to only one, lvhich represents the
synthesis o{ the best artistic tendencies of the city: That is the
"Palazzo di Giustizia," considered by noted critics as one of the
best in the worlci. In it the architect Piacentini conceived of an
architecture truly rational in reference to beauty of form, puritY
o{ style, and simplicity of line. It
is a well baiancecl creation standing in a spacious square in serene
and solemn majesty. It is reallY
a temple of justice which sYmbolizes the calm serenity of a sage.
In the interior of this marvelous
creation errery court room, with
its mystic apse and its effect of
Messina. The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele
oi sacrecl architecturc this
has been difficult, in {act almost
impossible; and it will alwaYs
continue to be so until a Pure art
rvorthy of marking an epoch asserts itself, for an edifice of religious character must necessarily be
correlated rvith the particular
iunctions and institr-rtions of ageold traditions.
It is obvioqs, therefore, u,hy the
Archbishop of N[essina, S. E.
Monsignor Pajno, rvho is a profoundly religious and Christian
individual r,vith fine aesthetic sensibility, was not in favor of nerv
experiments which varied too
greatly fron-r the sacred traditions.
He preferred to revert to the classical forms that are so exquisitely
Italian even when revived in a
modern version, forms which received the breath of life from the
genius of our race. Therefore, in
the construction of some of the
most important churches, he insisted upon having as collaborators artists of genius in whom the
best Italian traditions were inherent. It is a h"ppy union for the
plan of a church when the powerful and eloquent power of an artist intimately collaborates with
the ascetic mystic spirit of one
simple and austere solemnitY, who feels the exigencies and the
fsrms a divine temPle. It is a sacredness of the place destined
new an<l original concePtion to become a temple of God.
fielc1
lII.
A large number of institutions ancl churches
in the city o{ Messina and in the
suburbs, have been built by frrese
young men of great artistic sensibiliti.. Their plans have been
carried out with such inspiration
that real jer've1s of architecture
have resulted. trilessina, there{ore, has already and rvill continue to acquire beautiful works
of art which rvil1 recall to mind,
through the centuries, not only
the artists r'vho created them, but
also the admirable rvork of S. E.
Pajno, and the wise and benevolent assistance of the government
which has permitted and facilitat
ed their construction.
Now once more tlre Duomo, in
all its briliiant colored beauty,
shines upon the Nlessina of the
past. The beautiful portal, with
its rich and fantastic marble ornaments, has come to life, as it
creative capacity..
1\'efe, again.
The men of genius
who
rvrought it gave rein to their
fancy in inlaying the marble in
fantastic and varied forms in a
motif of floral designs and images
which sing the glory of
the
crowned Virgin.
When one has admired the well
balanced facade of this Duomo,
rvith its battlements which seem
like numerous arms extended to-
IItrS-SIN
'
.::...f. alld the
A-ITS .\ R'IIS'IIC
REN"\SCEN
white
The srnall basilica of the An- ':
:hr beautifui lvin- nunziata clei Catalani, erected in
: . :.::iltd one oI laces 1150. ancl rvhich the Aragonesi
': -... :', hands, the rvealttr usecl as a royal chapel, has al. . -::--: h,-,rizontal bands 1'eady been restol'ed under the
" . : r:r:,' rhe sides of the clirection of the "Ufficio Nlonu'
- .-r-r:i\'. the artistic la- nrcnti." 'f his jervcl of architec.
"-:
.
-.- "'. rth their rich
oval
: i:::iriii portil which
i: :-, rrom a dfeam-
' - ,- .. ln.rired suci-r tleauty
: _ :. -if terl to a plane
r- r:r,le to icel the sublt:r inc
l
.- it ,rnce stood. It is
- :iccrr(1. It n'i1l oper-
:. .- 'i a clock-like
\I l !
mech,
.,llr (llters the churclr
i - irr pres.ed by the
- .:.-iic
appcararrce of the
r: . l'hc constructicln, ar:: :,::., -''' slre aking, is in the
- . :- I-:,tin cross ; the r:entral
..
-
,'-:::. iarger ancl more spa.....-: -,he laterai ones, is di\.-
:r-'ir colonn:ides, the first
are oi tnal'b1e with
'.,,.:-,:ch
- : -:.:i, granite u,ith clelicate
. :..- -ihe palement is made
: . --" :,its oi colorecl marbie
--:.a., il geornetric ltgures, the
:.: i- lraintecl in rich ancl fan-,. ' :'i,iiarrt colors o{ marrtel- ::iI,,n_\'. 'l'he rr'alls o{ tl-re
:: :-::\ r lrrcak that unitv rvhich
,: ', irar-e heen obtaincci"if a ra.- .olution had been sought.
. , :-rcr- hetr.ilder us someu.hat.
, ,.-rn,,:t inrmediatell' rve arc
.'.1rrrri br- thc po\\'cr of tlre
:. lr-r- the state1l. ricl'rness of
.: r'tr' :rttrl tli.l,, 'siti, )n ' 'i th(
.-:-. l')'the nrarry colors altci
the
.:::--alrle, charnr rii thc various
- ,:. ,rf tl-re light rvhich inurr:: iirc ytenuurbrn.
' ::--r't1'rir-rg to the snr:Lllcst cle, l-:.. been placecl $'ith extremc
, taste. The atmosphere this
--:.i-: helps us {eel the srveet
', nr-stic n-relod1' of the statel,r'
::.:i ii-hich is norv onc of tht
,-: in the l-orld.
,:-. the niosaics of the :rpse thc
' ;:ling saints and kings are lost
their rlreanr oi hunrilitv. If
:.t i. struck fir. the
' :r'.\'
tecirrrical
artistic scrrs<,
- Ei'zantir-re art, one is stili rnore
tti,reiie (l u'hen one stancls uncler
- I'cnel ratirtg arrr[ s11 qe'1 gaze uj
: ( ,crd n-hci biesses us from the
:aic 0f the aPse.
;il1(l cx,trri*ite
C]E
67
In the catheclral square, l'{ontorsoli's four-rtain of ;\rione stands
just as it as be{ore the earthcluake. Its unique beauty
is
greatly heigirtened by its colored
stones. The cletails of the fountain, especially the statues repreture-a national monument-with senting the rivers, remind us that
its beautiful designs made o{ mul- Nfontorsoli was a pupil of Micheti-colorecl lar-a stoue, forms a un- langelo. However, the beautiful
itv lvhich unites the sensitive {ountain of Neptune, '"1'hich look-q
Arabian art of the exterior of the out on the {ort, shows still better
apse, decorated i,vith small arches the sublime art of N,Iichelangelo
helcl by elegant ancl slender co- through the charm of nfontorioli.
1ur:nns, u'ith thc n'el1 balanccd art, We realize this, ltoth when lve
istic sc'nsc c,f thc Normarr:rrt. stucly the ttvo sirens n'hose atti'I'l-ris Ircautifnl zincl originzrl unit,r- tucles and expressions remind us
is founrl alsri in the Clhiesa S. lfa- o{ the Sibyls o{ the Sistine Cl-raria clella Va11e, callecl the Badtaz- pe1, and rvhen rve gaze at the seza, ol rvhicTr several vestiges re- rene beauty ,,i llre gorI of tlre sea.
'lhe beatrti{ul siatrre oi
rnain.
Don
Giovanni of Austria, the victor at
'l.'he bautifui trasilica o{ S. Fran- Lepanto,
stands in the square of
cesco r1'r\ssisi has also been re- the church of the Catalan.s.
store(l. Its apse, ivith its elegantOnly tu'o of the fc.,ur beautiful
11- elongated tvindolvs, repreaents fountains by the sculptor
Cuceti
a rnvst:c bearrty rvhicl-r is truly l1o\v murrtur their ancient tune
in
"I.-rarrcescana." The lovely church the Via XX Setternbre.
o[ N,{ontevergine is also now alNIany renrzrins o{ the beautiful
most completely restored. It is ancient art treasures lturied b1, 11r"
sitrratecl on a hill which overlociks earthquake in Xlessina lrave been
the Duomo belorv" The architect, excatated, restor.ed, arrrl placed in
SiS. \'alente, has procluced a the crty pruseunr. The list of
l-reauti{u1 work in gcrreral lines as these treasures is too long to
u'e1l as in delicacr- o{ cletails.
rlu'ell upon. I shall mention'onlv
that great masterpiec-e oI gracl
rf H 1.. tastc uf the gt.t.:rt rrrchi- ancl mystic serenity, the ',p;littiI tect Juvara is perpt.ruatc,l irr co dell'Annunzrata", one of the
the beautilul church ol the many beautiful u'orks of the famous portrait painter Antonello
'\nnunziata rvith the elcgant cu- cla Messina.
pola planned by the Ing. l3arbaro.
llll-re rnuseurn is on the road
t'his architecture, n.hich resurrvhich
1earls ttl the lovelr' Lake
rects for us the harmony oi the
Ganzirri
:irrd to the extreme end
bear.rti{ui lrasilica of Superga
on torvards tl-re
l itlrorrt lrt'ing ;r :cholastic irnitiL- of the Faro, and
tion, is kept n'ithin the limits of rir.iera of tl-re 'l'r.rrhenian Sea.
As N'Iessina has a naturally
sobrietl'. It succeecls in attaining
an elegant ancl n'el1 balancecl corn- beautiful port, it has also rapid
nleans of communication with
position, iull of light ancl shatlc.
other cities of the islarrd. These
Ileautiful also :rre the tu'ri l'rave lteen necessitated in part by
churches planned lty the Ing. 13az- the great developn-rent in the
zayri. But the or.re rvhich lies be- commerce of the famous " \ierlrirrcl tlre Palazzct <li Giustizia does clelli," a species oi l"tuon produced
rlot approach the elegance and rc- only in this part o{ the rn"'orld, and
finemeut of the church of S. Cate- due to a special cultivation of the
rina on the \ria Garibaldi, from trees in the small region on thc
riviera rvhich extends from the S.
l.irich rises a sracefrll cupola.
Teresa
di Riva to Ali. These le-l'he Votivc 'I'emplc is ltoth
rnons and their b1--products are
clegant and majcstic, u,ith an im- exported to all parts of the worlel.
posing cnpola l'hich rises above
that Rocca (iueliorria rvhich liolds
HE picturesque road whieh
a place in the epics of the ever
leads to the farnous Taorminrartial ancl patriotic 14essina"
na and r.r,'hich passes many
This coloss:rl rvork, s.hich recatrls ancient torvns o{fers a panoramic
tlre architccture oi ]iternal Rome, view alr'ays beautiful and varied.
is one of the masterpicces of ttrc -As one clrives along it, aside from
illustrious Proi. l{ilani.
((ontitttterl on Pngr: 6g)
TheMqn Who Come Bock
Gtannini Regains Corutrol of Transarnerica
by Motthew A. Melchiorre
((l
.ha1l d,r mv lerel best for
am
f tlre stockholders. hut I nor
man
miracle
neither a
a superman and I am relYing uoor-r ih" continuous co-oPeratton
suPPort o{ the
unA
""tt.tu=iasric
{riends ol
ancl
stockholders
ftutt.u-"tica and our splendid institution." With this staterrent'
of one of the largest banks in
the world and of one of the largest "Holding Companies" in the
ryorlri. Still anothcr itetl u'orthv
f N tq:q. rrlren Ci;rttrrirri arrtit'i1,
f atetl lris ret iretn ettt. ll. 1ookc,1
{or a leader to rePlace hinl.
Mr. \Valker, he thought, Pos-
sessecl the necessarv qualifications
to carry on the policies laici clor"'rl
him. In Februarl', 1930, Elisha
Walker, then heacl of the Bancarrrerica-lllair (',,rpot':r1i,,n, \'as
eiected chairman of tl-re board ol'
Tran,qamerica ancl I-. \,I. Giannini.
son of the founcler. was electecl
presiclent. A. , P. Giannini became chairman of the aclvisory
b-v
Arnedeo P. Giannini a{ter a
strenuous and h ard -f ou ght
.ituggf., recently acknorvleclged
the ?iusi of thousands of shareholclers, many of them ltaliarrs'
in sweeping him back into thc
chairmaushiP of the huge Trans-
committee.
Clrarrges ntacle at that tirrrc
rvere regarclecl as an inclication
that the holding companv's scope
rvould spread over the country,
u'ith the \\Ialker interests cler'eloping the Easterr-r Coast and the
Giannini group taking care of the
Pacific Coast. Soon a{terrvards :r
nation-rvicle sales campaign r,vas
organized in order to obtain 500,@0 stockholders, and on July 25.
1933, lransamerica Corporation
\vas listed on tl-re New York
Stock Exchange.
anrerica CorPoration.
Elisha Walker, tlie \\ra11 Street
banker rvho assumecl Giannini's
oo.itio" in control oi the instilui;"" "p"" the retirement o[ the
latter, r,vas the loser in a fight
for control that attracted the atiention of the entire country ancl
stockholders in more than twentY
foreign countries'
The victorious A. P, Giannini
retireof
The result brings out
*.*-and Places again into
.the of note is that the announcement
financial field the son ot an ltallalr of Giannini's victory has brought
The stockholders' nreeting oi
immigrant who rose from Pov- ri'ith it a- rise in the stock in \Arall
in
position
Nfarch,
1931 sarv the Walker fac.ttu t'" a cotntnan<ling
Street.
tion gaining momentum. L. M.
A#".ic^n finance. and rvho now
the work he
In keeping with the charges of Giannini rvas succeded by James
;;;il i; comPlete
j
branch-banking
a
extravagances made against the A. Bacigalupi as president. Last
.o*-."."a
;;;;; stretching from the Pa- \\,'alker management, Giannini summer plans developed looking
announced he would serve with- to divesting by Transamerica
.ifi. to the Atlantic'
This saving Corporation of a substantial part
Giannini's victorY is the more ollt compensatiorr.
(the
yearl,v
sum re- o{ its holdings in Bank of Amerof
horv
$100.000
strikins when one realizes
was
further ica, N. T. S. A., o{ California,
Walker)
by
ceived
Wall
the
rr" I."in, single-handed
of and Bank of America, N. A., of
savings
the
r,vith
increased
Elisha
Itt..i ?o...s irarshalledo{byirnpor.twhich the Nerv York, its trvo most impoi-salary
from
the
$42,000
p,irlt
Walker. .\nother
new president, John M. Grant, tant"banks.
;;;; i. the fact that not onlY.did
receive. Former President
rvili
GianUpon the heels of this develoPii;li"; stockholders rallY to to
A. BacigaluPi received ment
James
according
came A. P. Giannini's resignini's stan<lard, but,
liult"li"" o{ San Francisco (Feb' $50,003 yearly.
nation as a director. He stated
16, 1932), tr'vo-thirds o{ his votes
In addition to Giannini and at the time of his resignation : "I
were f iom stockholders other Grant, the directors elected the could not approve of the Policies.
plans and procedure of my sucthan Italians.
fo11or'ving officers : J. S. CavagnaA.
cessor, Chairman Walker. The
Leonard
ot
f
i6q-plesident,
ro,
faith
This illustrates the
present plan is primarily objecA.
and
treasurer,
abilWoolams,
J.
others in the extraordinarY
tionable in that it proposes to
and
treasurer
ity demonstrated bY Giannini in Crooks, assistant
out of the cc.rrporation the
take
secretary.
the organization and develnprnerrl
68
THII IIAN \Vl:TO CAMIi IIACK
: ::::ci!a1 and 1no-qt
-
:-::i
.
*.:.
r:s ancl does not
'-,pportunity to
. .:::-e1r'es regarding
::.= --- sale. lnerger of
..
--
'.
. a:-,i no assurance
: gether remain in
-. institutions."
' .'tu'een the Gianl. ',-'-:.lker
groups be-
F
:1t: and larger and
::. an open break
,: i, ,,i ,\merica, with
- :lre. in Ne',1' York,
''. ith t1-re National
.ta1 u-as announced
: '.::se d that the direct. :. .. ::::e;tt of Transamerrca
- .:.:-, its pledges to
him
.- - =:::ed. and indicated he
:-:.r:.: the field to regain
- .ire company he
, :..:-- ,iganized mass meet: :.. - r::er stockholders' gath::-:r,ughout the country,
'a.-: =.'ial emphasis
on the
' - .- -,ast. rvhere live the
:..-,' - i the stockholders, in
:,.::: :: to consolidate feeling
:1.e group headed 1ry
"-..:: '--,,'"'a1ker: -.:
MESSINA
: -;iicious fragrance o{ the
--.,--jand lemon blossoms, one
, , . i.l.red bv the soft balmy sea
::-is and the rhl.thmic dashing
: - :..,'a\-es as regular as the pul:.r uf the heart beat.
-- r. also of great interest to re.:re ancient citv of Savoca,
- : -,-i.d on a high rock ',vhich
- ... rlajestically above the rivie. ,: Sarfia Teresa di Riva. It
'.:: at ancient
castle from tvhich
: can enjoy a splendid panora::... and has also many magnifi-.:. churches, rich in interesting
' -:ks oi art. The church of St-.
, ::.i of Agro is a priceless rvork
a.:t. constructed of fantastic
- - .:',,-hrome
stone in the golden
.J;,-ri cl.raracteristic Siciliin ar-
l-i:ectr-ire.
-,:though the present city of
-- --irra has rrnrlergone an inevit-
-. displacement {rom its origin.-. r,:an. it alu,a)'s remains in the
- :-rr of an amphitheatre around
-:. iarnous port. It is laid out ac,.'
The fight which ensued
be-
tlre Ciarrnini an,l \\-alker
factions took on the colorful
1\\-eelr
trapoings of a political campaign.
E,acl'r group torrrecl the country
hurling accusations at the other.
Each acctisation ltrought a rlenial
and a counter-accusation.
The charges made bv Giannini,
as reported in "Tirne" (Feb. 15,
1932), containecl among them
The steaclr- clecline of TTiiisamerica ancl t1.re stopping of the
:
clividend.
The abanclonlrent of
tl-re
branch-balrking progran-r.
The unu,arrantecl disposal oi
the Bank o{ America of
Nerv
York.
Sacrifice of procluctir.e assets at
bargain prices at private sales.
The raising of salaries, ancl extravagant expense account. . . em-
ployment of many unnecessary
high salariecl officials.
69
reacheci a peak unsur-passed
corporate history.
That the Giannini
ir.r
charges
struck home can be seen rvhen,
in lh" spectacular battle
of
pr_oxies, i.5.371.528 c.,lrt
of
po._
sihle. l-t.15J.9J0 tnppled "Etisha
rr
atker lrorrr tlre clrairmanslrio
n C;r""i";
arrd irrstalle,l -\merleo
to his fornrer position.
is a
er ni
-It
u,hether
Transanrerica *iii
gain.the position it once had,,.._
a
I)os1t1on u'l-riclr car riecl r,r.ith it
asser.s of S1.100.000.000. At prei_
ent. its assets. like thosc of ,;;;;
nra
t
1
opin iorr
corporatiolr. lrar.e rfr"_,r;
il:ll.r
ed i the_v no\\- lotal approximateil.
$300000.000. Tlre tlir.-"r.r'."i-Jr
Lrtannlilt ts a hrrge one; others
than he u.oul<l rvash their hands
of it ancl keep clear. But thisls
not true of "A. p.,,
In the manner in u,hich he
.
plrrnged
into his step_father's
rvholesalc produce l_,usinlss at
the
Tf HESE charges \\'ere ans\\.er- age
of 72 and had mastered the
I erl irr kind hy the tlren rnan- entire San Francisco fielcl
at the
agement of the Transamerof 31, so has the 62-year okJ
]ge
ica Corporation. As the time financier noiv plunged into the
neared for the stockholders' meet-
task oi re-brrilding the
ing at Wilmington, on Feb. 15, ef lca L ,,rporati, ,n. thatTransam_
coiossa j
7932, interest in tl-re battle f or structure u-hich he himself
concontrol of Transamerica had structed.
-
ITS ARTISTIC RENASCENCE
(CorttirulecJ Jront, Page 67)
cording to the modern conception
of urban construction, with-long
avenues !,hot enjoy a peaceful
vietv of the sea. The long and
r'vide Via Garibaldi is verv biautiful, as is also the interesting "Pas-
seggiata cle1la Marina", which
makes possible an enjoyment of
the treauties of the port
and
Strait o{ N{essinii..
But the most beautiful and the
r.nost interesting of all is the
splendid "Strada della CirconvalLazione" rvhich, hugging the
nrountainside with picturesque
turns, leads towards the highest
tops of the Peloritani mountains.
These i,vinding roads can be covered in a short time with an autornobile. But lor those rvho t-ish
to enjoy the scenery it is suggestecl that they go by slower means
o{ travel. It is only in this rvay
that the beauties of the town are
revealed, beauties rvhich increase
rvith eacl-r step.
I recall a clear summer day
ject of a bell-tower, I visited the
when, in order to outline my pro-
Franciscan l,Ionastery on one of
the highesr points oi ihe "Via Circonvallazione." From its high
terrace, ltlessina and the shoreline an,1 the strait la.r. :rt my feet
in all thcir beaut-r'.
From that high quiet shelter
much beauty is always visible;
the faint rumble of liie can be
heard rising from bclou-, the wind
blows strong and fu1l. while far
down resounds tlre rhvthmical
pulsing of the sea. Ir-r such a monlent one can forget all and fincl
peace from rvithin. Then, ancl
only then, rvhen the soul
has
surged beyorrrl that Frst sensuot-ts
lmpresslon, one can not only pbncler serenely, but can feel ivittrin
himself the infinte beautv disclosec1 to the spirit of him r,vho lingers
on such a sacred refuge to contemplate one of the most exquisite
shores of "nostra be1la Italia."
przrcticaily all tli u'irotn are ptoutl
'of
ituliat ancestr) and cul-
Remarks on Americanization
J. R. SCOPPA
Principal, P. S. 92, the Bronx,
th.ir
tural inheritance but
loyal to this countrY.
By
OO o{ten Americanizatior.r
failed be-
movements have
a
cattsc thev rvere l;ased olt
that all foreign
supposition
the
elements in our populatton are 1n-
N'
Y'
living in this country ale just
as
thoroughly American as anY indivicluals r'vhose ancestors came
to tltese ;hores )( ll)lc genel-alionS
or centuries ago. Amerlcanism is
not a condition of birth. It is a
state o{ mincl ancl o{ heart.
icrior to the ola native stock'
Programs of r'velfare and educationil organizations have beerr
practicallrr {utile. Much time, f EADE RS arnotrg the Italians
ef tort an<i tnotley have been spent
l-r resitling irr the United States
in vain attemPts to make Amertrealize that their PeoPle can
cans oi recentlY arrived immi- never hope to L.re regarded as Asrants. Failure ilt the Past has mericans so long as tlteY remallr
iot beerr due to lack of interest aliens iu thoughi, word and deed'
in the problem of Americaniza- At the Present time almost
tion nof to the absence of enthu- 6.000.000 l',.t.ot't living in the
siasm. \Morkers in the field ol Linited States are of ltalian birth
Americanization and money t0 o1' extraction. TheY constitute
carrv on the work u'ere casilY and
ouici<lv obtained. The movement
*ua ttot handicapPed, as so mallY
rvorthv nrovements are, bY the
of moral and financial
^bsenie
support. It had everYthing needed-fbr success save one extremelY
importarrt element. There was
no'under.tanding of the Point of
r.iew of the foreigner.
The high-minded and rvellmeaning p"ersons in charge oT American'ization Programs lt?u'
usually acted on the suPPosttto-n
that ioreigners must be made
over. It was assumed that to
,\mericanize meant to alter com,l"t.tu their modes of living and
thint ins. Foreigners were re-
the largest racial grouP next to
that composecl of Persoirs of German birth or extraction. While
the average citizen still erroneously thinks ol the Italians as unskilled laborers and minor merchants, the fact is that men and
women of ltalian blood have attained important Places and have
carned piestige and Prominence
in many walks of liie in this
country. They have made valuable contributions to the artistic
life of America. 1.'he nigher Professions have manY ltalian meml>ers. Herc in Ner'v York, the
largest Italian center in the'ivorld
tr"*t to Rome and NaPles, there
are literally hundreds of lawYers
ancl physicians of Italian extrac-
"f
sarded as"being devoid of social
ind cultural bickgrounds' Acttion.
to
ing upon such beliefs, too often
Americanize llecame sYnonymotls
with to Patronize.
This has l.reen, in rnY judgment'
a very serious mistake. Foreign
elements in our PoPulation, esoeciallv European grouPs, have
io*" to us wiih rich cultural aud
social backgrounds. The fact
that they I'vere different and forcien did not make tlrenr inferror
afd undesirable. Indeed, while
these PeoPle were not American
born, thei' were uot necessarilY
un-American. 1f Americanization means rvhat I believe it
ttll""t, namely, a pro{ound belief
i;-ih.'prirrciples oI political doctrine staterl iir the Declaration ol
ir-rd"p"t-td"nce atrd applied in the
Consiitution of thc Uniled Statcs'
many Persons of f oreign birtli
intenselY
'I-heY reAmericans'
as
garci themselves
eager to Provide the best
Th"y
"r. opportunities for thetr
possible
.1-ri1d."tt. They are determined
that their o{{sPring shall attain
rrositions attd earn a Prestige
irigher than theirs if Possible.
IJnfortunatelY, it haPPens at
times that in the Process of Americanization something is losi'
Some children of Italian Parents
break away from Parental control"
The traditional disciPline of the
Italian home is broken down and
the children know no restraints'
Where this occurs it will be found
that the parents were uncultured
and rvell nigh illiterate. TheY
r,vere unable to make the necessary readjustments to American
lif
e. Their children were a-
shamed of them and lost resPect
{or them. They did not look uP
to their parents. The latter there-
fore failed to impart to their
children those qualities of probrty,
honesty, industry and self-control
rvhich characterize the Italian
people. Some of these undisctplined boys become actual or Potential gangsters arrct racketeers.
The Wiikeisham Crime Commission in its latest report states that
crime in this countrY is not so
prevalent among the foreign-born
is it is among the natives. Native whites of foreign extraction
constitute a far greater menace to
American civic life than their
parents. The Italian element in
our population is smarting under
the itinging blow of unfavorable
publicity. Most o{ this adverse
publicity is undeserved and based
upon tie biased attitude of our
r)ress. Editors do not hesitate to
'-state that arr Italian committed
this or that crime where theY
carefully refrain from classifying
criminals of other racial grouPs.
The Italians are a Proud PeoPle.
They are generallY law-abiding.
They meet-their frnanciat obligations meticulously, as 1anc11ord-s
and merchants will testrfy. They
aie not given to drunkenness and
debauchery. TheY have a high
sense of honor and feel keenlY the
stigma imposed uPon them as a
grJup by unthinking editors. All
ihey ask is fair, imPartial treatment and an oPportunitY to consree. You u ill find that the tribute unstintingly to the welfare
il".t"t which I have enutnerated of the country.
(Contimrerl on' Pa'ge 75)
are composed of men and rvomen
Sorne
of the
outstanding
architects and builders in our
iand are Italians. TheY are continuing the great traditions of
their Roman ancestors who were
perhaps the greatest builders the
ivorld has ever knorvn. It maY
surprise you to learn that in this
city there are aPProximatelY orre
thousand men and women of
Italian origin engaged in teachtng
schools and that
in our pubtic
tthem have risen to high
some of
places in our educational system'
We have among us many manufacturers of nationallY known
proclucts. We have hundreds of
merchants engaged chiefly in foreign trade. Italian fatmers have
betn successful in the highest de-
7A
TOPICS OF THE MONTH
(Conti,nued frono Page 56)
since 19i3. For extftre United States has inamnlred it= expenditures 197 per
:rer:: _iapan. 142 per cent; Great
mumrsfrderabllounmpil,e"
*-=ir- {2 per cent; France 30
crrr: Ital-v. {l per cent, and
R.:a-<-.fo* J0 per cent
and France
- largest air
ha$ der-eloped the
irmre in the rvorld, *;ttl the
;cs'
Umifr,fierl
States second.
trrt rs idie t.r speak of <lisarmammm when the principal Eum4ilee! nations are doing every,ffi,fo,g ia their pos'er to out-arm
ttfuuefo- neighbors. Perhaps the best
'nrtu"T to disarm is to remove the
:ax-.ts n-hich make it necessarv
fr,,mm- maci,ons to rush to armamenti.
ffilun'n- a!as. this in itself would be
amcqfoer Utopia !
The Morch to Moscow
last month, by a vote
$ Xnlf
,,,r
363 to 13, the House passed
ffie anti-injunction bill to curb the
til{i:rtrer-< of the Federal judges in
llaftr:'r disputes and nrohibit the
s*pcaltred "yellow dog" contracts
lhletween industrial concerns and
'nmpl,r'vees rvhose lvelfare is not
pru"nrecred in the contracts. The
huTI al-*tr pror.ides for trial by jury
im. c+ntempt cases and specifies
r-!:nri q-hen the def endant so ret'mrsis the judge in whose jurisfliuti,,'n the contempt occurred
,|",rr|rln.t preside at the jury trial.
ll:e
of the nreasLrre r(,victory for organneerl labor and constitutes a pert*"mal triumph for Congressman
F*wrello La Guardia, who stubi*:,rnl-r' q'aged a valiant eight-year
Dassage
l$meseits a great
l@t for its adoption.
Congressman Beck, leading the
:Erpcrsition, declared that Con-
gress. in passing the
*rmelring
Bill, was
a long march toward
lf 06co'w". l'his, of course, is
sheer nonsense. Measures de-
signed to better the conditions of
the working people do not lead
to Moscolrr.
On the other hand, it is the
reckless disregard o{ certain elementary rights to which iabor is
entitled that produces the effect
feared by lVIr. Beck.
The Senate recently passed a
similar measure by a vote of 75
to 55. It is refreshing to note that
our legislators are beginning to
tnarch, not torvard \{oscow, but
toward a better and more enlightened conception of the relations
between capital ancl laltor.
Speoking of Centenories:
Lo Grotto Azzurro
LL Italy and Naples es{A\ pecially - will celebrate another centenary
this year:
the discovery, just a hundrecl
years ago, o{ the enchanting
"Blue Cave" in the lteautiful Island of Capri. I don't think any
one has ever attempted to describe the exquisite beauty o{ the
famous "Grotta Azzurra" : it
simply can't be done. ft is something, to be seen and to be treasured in one's memory as long as
one lives.
Couses
of
Crime
r|1 HE.\ational. Probation Asl- socratron rn 1ts current year
book has listecl five major
of crime, as follows : 1.
lack o{ sufficient regular family
income to insure health and at
least a minimum of decency and
comfort; 2. inefficient and discauses
honest standard of government;
3. lack of vocational guidance and
school clinical facilities; 4. lack
of proper recreational facilities;
5. inability of the church to hold
the modern young.
There is no question that each
o{ the five causes listed is a real
one. But it is significant that
what is perhaps the greatest
cause of crime today
Prohibihas been omitted.
Yet
tion
is beginning to see the
everybody
light, even the New York Herald
Tribune, a eonservative paper
which no one can suspect of partisanship. The other day, speakir-tg of the crime situation, it
stated editorially:
"The Eighteenth Amendment,
like a rotten apple in a barrel,
has tainted our whole civic order. Its removal is a prerequisite
to the establishment o{ security".
Who could say more ?
71
Tt is interesting to note, in this
connection, that when a poor,
simple-minded fisherman entered
the Cave for the first time a hundred years ago and related what
he had seen, the news quickly
spread around that he had just
returned irom the abode o{ sirens,
sea monsters and what not. The
description he gave fairly staggered and terrified his credulous
friends. Such beauty as he saw,
they thought, must trave been the
work of some supernatural being
or some evil spirit.
It rvas not until a fetv years
later, n'hen the German poet Au-
gust Kopisch and the
Swiss
painter Ernest Fries made an extensive tour o{ the Cave, that the
story of the bewildered fisherman gained the semblance of
tfuth. From that time on the
"Grotta Azzarra" has been listed
as one of the wonders of the
modern world.
Yes, the fisherman's friends
must have been right: only a
God can fashion such beauty {or
mortal eyes to gaze upon and
u'onder at !
Selections From
th:rt salutary "rviping off of the
REPARATIONS
(From an editorial in
slate" rvhich is the condition
sina qua non of economic resurrection and lasting peace. Of
course the rvork of the Disarma-
"ll Legionario" of Rome)
Confelence
u,ill be lield in June, follot'-
ing" solntion of the problem o{
culties lvhich have brought about
and rvhich may prolong the present rn'orlcl clepression."
This decision taken by the gol'ernments should be rvelcomed
for tu'o reasons: first oi all because the Conference, u'hich at
first seemed to have ireen postponed sine die, u'i1l be heici on a
tire rvorld.
It really seelris as ii this time,
the interested governments intend to study ar-rd solve these problen'rs serenely and u'ithotit pre-
HE lteparations
reparations ancl bec,ause conse-
ing an agreement reached quently it u,ill har-e a function and
by the govelnments inter- scope vaster than those inherent
ested. "1'he object of the Con- simple ancl purely in the problem
{erence", says a dispatcl-r of the o{ reparations. It r,l'ill examine
Ste{ani Nervs Bureau, "u'i11 be to all the economic, financial and
come to an a€lreement regarding monetary problems which are at
zi lasting settlement of the ques- present the object ol close study
tion raised in the report of the on the part of statesmen and exllasle experts and ('ollcerning perts, and o1r the solution of
lvays and means of overcoming t'hich clepencls the remedy for the
the economic and financial di{fi- grave crisis nciu. afflicting the en-
fixed date; and in the
piace, because
it
seconcl
proposes a "last-
conceptions, rt'hicl.r have fared
so
badly so far. We hope so, and
lve rvelcome it, especially since
\\re are certain that a thoughtful
analvsis of the matter will mark
the triumph of the Italian thesis :
rnent Conference may have a trernendous in{luence on the results
of the coming Reparations Conference. The very scope of the
matters rvhicir the Conference intencls to deal 'lvith, so as to face
the economic crisis resolutely, and
rrot n'ith simple palliatives, is itself a sign of good will. As the
Duce has said, the very civilization of the u,hite races is at stake.
]Vfen it ma1' happen that Europe
is in ruins, no one can save himsel{ and exclaim to the others:
mors tua, vita mea. Every nation
in E,urope stands for that minilTlum of maximum common denorninator, rvhich is an attribute of
ail of thern, and is called Western
civilization. If it is lor,vered, if it
cleclines, or becomes clarkened, a
like fate awaits all. When the
sun sets, it casts everywhere the
sarrc liirrd of shadorv.
ooo
DANGEROUS JINGOISM
(From an editorial by ltalo C. Falbo in
Italo-Americano" of New York)
HE l{on. Satr-ruel Dickstein,
Congressman fronr Nerv
York State, has srrbn-rittecl
to that body a bill aiming
at the exclusion of foreign artists
from American "talliies".
American movies for the Auterican
!
And norv there is beirtg raisccl
at Hollyu'ood that oclious banner,
jingoistic ancl chauvinistic, rvhich
rvas un{urled not long ago for
some time in Nes' \'lork against
foreign artists of the stage, an<l
rn'hich was completelr'- ttnsnccessfu1.
We are informed that
tl-rose
who sustain this rucrnstrous measure justiiy ti.reir attiturle as al't
"ll
Progresso
to analogous ()1les cliscussed in l)nglanci and in France
to the cletrirnent of Arnerican artists. But this cioes not make tol-
ans\\rer
crable a provision that offencls the
lau,s o{ art an<1 coml'no11 sense.
Chauvinism in the artistic field is
ec1ually detestable. l'hatever the
country in ivhich it nranifests itself, r'hatever the rcason for u'elcoming it.
The foreign artist is not signerl
up, here rlr elsen'here, in order to
take ar.va1' rvork aucl tnoney from
native artists; but because the
undertaking-stage or screenneeds that particular artist, that
special "t1'pe" to rencler more interesting ancl to lter{ect-r'r,ithin
v2
the linrits of the possible-the interpretation oi a rvork destined,
especially in the case of the cinerna, for a vast international pubiic.
We rvi1l say more : the suprerlact' of Arnerican morries oveL
those of other countries is due
largely to that very wealth of
"types", chosen almost alr,vays by
nationalitl', r,r'hich makes it posssible, in presenting a characteristic Spanisl-r, Jervish, Russian,
Italian or other t1'pe, to choose an
authentic Spanish. Jewish, or
otl-rer character, rather than some
American actor rnade up to impersonate another nationality.
In acldition to the selection of
"t1'pe", American movies tend to
enrich themselves continualllu'ith the most intelligent, original
ar.rrl r'ersatile artists produced b1'
the entire rvorltl, so as to boast
year by year o{ the most interestinq "stars" frorr-r the artistic poinr
the ltalian Press
C
I
f
F
5
s
F.
e
F
e
il
E
F
!-
e
rm rrle"uu- and the most
llr'e 6--..n,'.mic_
fruitful {rom
tr-alenrino. Chaplin, Arliss, Gar-
r',-,--hrvaiier. -[annings and
nnnsrnn ,i,ithers
so
orve to America their
succrsses; but on the other
ln-r'm' fl- the]- har-e
contributecl in
iiflr'miert
p,art
lam"g'e
m'eful
i,ment.
to the gigantic deto the victories and
rhe w-ealth of this flourishing Am*er-lran industry.
[mL
th.r rreld of the theatre, as in
alaistic fie1d, there has al_
a great international
.exocft,a:ge oi "stars", and this excftmmgr has s1;iritually and econor\i,e{Fr
wa"rs bern
rnically given nerv life to every
unclertaking; it has lecl to the rapid dei'elopment of the arts in all
countries, especialiv in the younger- natic-rns.
'l-cr
put up barriers to this
ex-
cl"range n,oulcl be an unpardonaltle
rnistake and learl to certain harn
\\,-e are glacl, there{ore, to report
that the Anrerican press has
al-
The tariff barriers against the
proclucts of soil or industry-.
which lrls, r har c u r,,rrght inialculable clamage cannot be blind1y appliecl to art anrl artists, without mortally uroun<ling the life of
the ir-istitutions to n'hich the in,
ternational imrnigrateri elite ltring
dignity ancl assure sllccess.
rercly begun to manifest its hostilitv to the l)ickstein project, just
as, in its time, it u'as hostile to-,zrnd wrecked- the proposals against the sigrrir-rg up of stage art-
Congress u,'ili no cloultt pigeonholc 11r. l )ickstein lrill. rvhich is
o{{ensive to the causc of Art. an
international patrimonr', and to
the cause of the movie business,
the colossal patrimon_r. of indus-
izens.
trial '\nrerica.
ists rvho l.cre not American cit-
ooo
;
ITALY AND FRANCE
l'
t
(From an editorial by ,Concetto Pettinato in "La
$ta'npa" of Turin)
i
:
Htr article publishecl not Why
long ago in the "Tem,ps" of
Paris has been follorvecl bv
quite a fer,v others of th!
:urmt character, r.l'hich have apin papers of ltoth the Left
L:,r the Right. For the first time
;i::ce the War, a certain unanim,l"r 5s6111. to be alrout to establish
rtsrl: in France concer-ning the
::,r-.-enience o1 5llirsging Frar-rcoirulian
p'ear-rd
amity
i.:Ir:
-
{rom
among the
ooo
-\lr,trrt-faces that are too suclden
leerl to perplexity. 'l-rue
on the surface, this par:icular about-face may l;e explainc1: b1- the change in pilot at the
'-'uai d'Orsar'. On second examilation. holrlr.er, this explanation
,i.-,ts not holil goocl. I-aval ha,"
t'cen dictating Frencl.r fore;gir po1icrr\_r not
uuL srrlce
since the
Ille lteginni
t)eglnnlng c)If
lij3l. btrt irorrr tlre l,ecirruirrg of
l!'31. Berthelot, r,vlro, as e\reryone knows, l'as the soul of I-aval's predecessors. has not ruor-erl
lrom his throue. r\ ci-range in lrersons, therefore, \\,e l-rar.e not had
al-!\a_\-s
it i: that,
shoulcl there be a change in
po1ic1'?
ooo
'lhe present shift is a matter of
zut improvisation, ancl not a
slorr.ly maturing policy. Sorne
ohesrvers naturally suggest that
tlie secret of this suclclen lvarrnth
can be founcl in the rn.orry instilled
in France by the clisarmament
Ierence. This snpl,usition is
1111liLa1t, l)11t to nre it seems
ttro re:trit'tir c. trIotc irtrportant
c, )li
rr't
:rre the rvorries occasionecl by the
rli[ficult-r' of re-estahli-hing' a prelr'ar Jlntente rvith Great Britain.
l'he rise to power o{ the Tories,
on rvhom France hacl placed such
great hopes, has in this respect,
bern a bitter clelusion.
F-rance nou, is a victirn of a bizarre r.icious circle: the stronger
she becomes tire rveaker AngloFre nch frienclship becomes, ancl
the rveaker Anglo-F'rench frienclship becomes, the rveaker F-rance
fee1s. Paradoxically, one rnigl-rt
aln'rost say that to lte strong,
France should be weak, at least,
n,eak enough not to cast her sha-
ilon or.er
E-ngian11.
73
'lhe attempt at a rapprochement with lta1y, spurned as unrlesirablc so long as the possibility of an Anglo-French bloc reruainer1, zrncl avertecl as comprornising so long as tl.rere existe cl
the hopc of a conrfortable relationsl-rip u'ith Germanl-, ncxv sucl<1en1_1' 1,..:cornes a card to use as
soon ,rs rreither the first nor ttre
seconcl oi these hypotheses seems
to fincl confirmation irr the facts.
Frienclship rvith l,-rance rvoulcl
be a very beauti{ul thing, and not
only for Italy but for all the Pourers in a position to nr:rke use of
it, so long as it rvould not imp11'
the c-rbligation o{ also n,eclcling the
cause oI the numerous relations of
firance, and making it one of thc
mainstays o{ zr fanri11, cclifice fu1l
oi fi ssures, servility, inactivity,
tangles ancl clangers. Without desiring to lte too pessiitristic, I
fear tl.rat so long as the great Republic presents herself surrouncled by hel turbulent bancl of embarassing thircl parties with tl-re
pretext of adapting Europe to her
own clonrestic exigencies, instearl
oI aclapting her or.l'n rlomestic life
to tl. e cxigencies of European
peace a.ncl quiet, F'rench {riendship will rnake l>ut fen' converts
among tl-re great Pol,rrers.
'lhe first conclition for the retrrrn of peace to the Olrl World is
ATLANTICA, APRIL,1932
74
that on the continJnt there shall
be no more groups of interests organized in exclusion of others.
The era of constellations is finished, or, to put it better, the duty of
everv great people is in applying
itseif to rvhat has been finished"
As regards Italy, she rn'ould
rlcing scmething of
be
doubtfui
rvorth in abandoning her presentday libertv of movement in order,
as the oracles of the Parisian
l)ress seem to imply, to take her
siretl antl desiralrle alwaYs and
n'ith everyone), implies the premous burden of defending an order ise of a rvide revision o{ the
o{ things that leiks on all sides, French foreign policy, which is toand u'hich France herself now no day too dangerous for Peace beionger knor'vs hor.v to uphold cartse it is too much in contrast
against the natural destiny of all with the necessity for a haruronidecaving things.
ous and eqluable adjustment on
The subject of Franco-Italian the continent. Is France PreParfrienclship, rvhen once it expands ec1 for such revision? It does not
outside of the compass of the
yet that the rePlY to this
good relations based on neighbor- seem as
be'
liness and business (which are de- cluestion is rvhat it ought to
place in the system of French Europe, taking on herself the enorm-
ooo
WHAT ABCUT SOMALILAND?
(From an editorial by Marco Pomilio in "L'Azione
Coloniale" of Rome)
Furthermore,. having Ior - the
RULY, lve speak too littte
of Somaliland in the daily time being territories not endowand periodical press ot ed with the best attributes of ferItaly. On those rare oc- tility and prosperity does- not at
casions lviren the pen of the co- all mean, in substance, that our
lonial or pseuclo-colonial rvriter solid, traditional virtues as colonturns to it, it is usually to beat izers should not find a yay o!
down t',vo three obviols paths' digging forth commercial and
that have already been traversed marketable values out of the
and re-traversei hundreds of many thousands of square kilometers now in our possession in
times.
x< * *
Airica. To do this, it is necessary
It is saicl : rve have the worse to begin by knowing exactly all
African territories. Very true, that can be'done and all that can
this, when one thinks of the magto t[e
nificent attributes given
-territories
of
mandates ancl the
other nations in comparisoh to our
rights, keener today than yesterAJy, ;,-, the Black iontinenl.
be drawn from our colonies, frorn
all our colonies rvithout distinc-
tion. Today there is much talk
going on about Tripolitania; it is
just that this should be so, for it
is the land in which Fascism has
giveu the most organic and
iorverful example of its colonizing
uirtu". and caPabilities. It is'
however, also true that manY
people spbak of it because it is
1".., to do so, considering that
what has been done offers a large
amount of material for comment
and appraisal, some of rvhich has
ended up by being-we cannot
avoid the ugly rvord-standardized.
Conclusion: besides TriPolitania, the press should occuPY itsel{ exhaustively, r,vith clear and
especially interesting treatm.ents,
also with the other colonies, in all
their economic asPects.
In the meanwhile, as to that
which most directlY regards us,
we intend to begin in the verY
near future to iliustrate, as exhaustively as possibie, the various
which Somaliland
possibilities
-offers
to men of good rvill.
ooo
AMERICA AND THE ORIENT
(From an article in "Il Mattino" of Naples by its
New York correspondent.)
HE conilict betrveen China
and Japan has Put the
United States in an embarassing position. The
Americans are f ollorving lvith
keen eyes the events in the Far
East, where they have vital Poli-
tical and economic interests to
safeguard. Since the JaPanese
advance began, they have entertained trro contrasting sentiments: on one hand, the desire to
keep out o{ the trouble and not to
let it precipitate them into a gen-
eral imbroglio by some
false
move, ancl on the other, the firm
clesire to contain within reason-
able limits the expansionist aims
of Japanese imperialism.
The Americans want to keeP
out of the Manchurian confiict,
they want to keeP out of anY
r'voild war that may follow the
breaking of international treaties'
But while {heir determination is
firm to keep the peace and to hold
themselves aloof from the clash
of Oriental peoples, they are finding themselves, against their will,
immersed up to their necks in the
Asiatic imbroglio. America cannot withdraw from the field of action or decline any responsibilty
rvitl-rout going back on its own
treaties, rvithout contrilluting toward destroYing the \-ery organization she created so as not to be
involved in future wars.
The Nine-Power TreatY, which
suarantees the territorial and adininistrative integrity ot China, is
a treaty promoted bY America,
and America did not live uP to it
'"vhen she failed to invoke it against lapan, who had violated it'
itr" .u-i applies to the Kellogg
Pact. But the Hoover Administration did somethrng worse: bY
letting Japan know that America
would keep out of the conflict, not
only did she give JaPan a free
hand, but she cut off the waY for
active intervention bY the League
of Nations, thus weakening beforehand any possible action on
its part.
M{JSIC
ma", but nonetheless ef fective. Miss
Pons and Mr. Gigli sl-rared in a de-
monstration vrhich they truly deserved,
for. neither artist has been heard to
better aclvantage.
By Morgherito Tirindelli
RESPIGHI'S "MARIA
EGIZIACA"
PREMIERED
rf
HE edvrrrt of Ottorirro Respighi
I and Bernardirro Molinari and the
^ revival of Bellirri's "sounambula" have eclipsecl the importance of ali
O
pecially in the vocal 1ine. 'I'he u.ork
opens up possibilities ancl lvhether or
not these are ever carried into being,
the fa.ct remains that Respighi has of fered an original solution to the routine
of concert and opera which is grorving
obviously uniuterestir.rg.
other events during thc last six weeks.
Of these, the production oi Respighi's
COMMENTS OF MUSICAL
INTEREST
r-r
r'I
unenrployecl rnusicians
o
Pacific Coast.
"Maria Egiziaca" is subtitled
\,Iystery Triptych for concert," and the
composer asks his listetrers to "hear
and r'vatch siniply, credulousll', iike the
faithful pcople n'ho assist at a mystery
or a religious procession." In a personal talk with the rvriter, the composer sairl tlrat irr rlris rvork he tried to
bridge the gap between opera and con-
o
Giuseppe cle Luca has been nomiuat-
for Grand Officer of the Crown of
Italy by the King.
ed
o
Ottorino Respighi and Pizzetti have
been nominated as nrembers o{ the
cert, rvhile more broadil' speaking he
has successfulll' created a work which
belongs in its drarnatic form to the
Royal Acaclemy of
rnodern musical idiom.
orcl.restral interludcs. At the rear ol
the platform there rvas a golden trtp-
tych u'ith tlvo closcd doors swung
open, after ar-r interlude, by a pair or
angels, The inside of thc triptych revealed three pictures set side by side
in the golde n {tame: the harbor of
Alexandria, a desert beyoud the Jorclan and the cloor of the Tcmple ot
Jerusalem. 'llhe auditoriunr was kcpt
in darkness, illumination cetrtering on
the perfornrance. There t'as a chorus
of nixed voices.
Briefly, the libretto exposes the
sius
of Mary of Egypt, her repentance and
expiation. 'I.'l're composer was confronted rn'ith the difficu1ty of mixing
his music lr'ith the style of his subject'
a f act 'lvhich he bridged del'tly, producing music of feeling aud al'w'ays of
masterful rvorkmanship. He rvas also
expert in clepicting the character of
rlysticism ancl religious fervor with
both draura and passiou; meiodY
abounds ancl the r,vriting is fluent es-
Ita11'.
e
l)ure, simple mystery plays of the
\,f iddle Ages, rvhile employing thc
and syrnpbouic illustration for the personages who saug aud acted the mystery 1n three episodes, connected with
o
Respighi has returtrecl to Italy to resurne his classes at Sauta Cecilia ancl
to begin work on a "choral orchestral
symphony for tl-reatrical performance,"
for which he will have the collaboration of D'Annunzio otr the libretto,
rvhich rvi11 be cal1ec1 "La Vergine e la
C itta'."
ccrts.
to its ir.rterest. The stagc
at Carnegie Ha1l had a superimposed
platform to the right of t'hich a small
errchestra supl'licd llte accotttpanimettt
of Amertca.
It is run-rorecl that Ifolinari will rcturn this sunrllter to conduct on the
rcgular Philharmonic subscription con-
ance added
L, nrost itt:portallt recent all-
nouncenlettt h"a.on'" frortl the
boarrl of Llre Philharrrtonic Symphony concerts to the effect that Toscaniui will return on April 28 to concluct one colcert for tl-re benefit of the
"Maria Egiziaca" \vas perhaps the
n-Lost auspicious. f'his new r','ork of
the Maestro lvas given r''ith the aid of
the New York Philharmonic Orchestra
and soloists, first {or the pension fund
concert and secondly as a part of the
The importance of Respigl'ri as a
composer rnacle the performance on
Nlarch 17 a significant one and a large
and represcntative audience was at
hand to bccorne acquainted n'ith this
next to iast u'ork of the musician who
also conceived the "Pines of Rorne"
and the "Sunken Bell".
T1're picturesqueuess of the perform-
H
f he participants were Charlotte
Boerner as Maria, Nelson Eddy as the
Abbot and Pilgrim, Alfredo Tedesco as
the Sailor and Leper,, Hclen Gleason
as the Mate, Blind Woman and Angel's Voice ancl Myrtle Leonard as Anotlrer Matc and Beggar.
,LA
o
Rose Teutoui, artist pupil of Enrico
Rosati, replaced Charlotte Boeruer it-t
a recital of R espighi n-rusic given ai
the Casa Italiana by 11t. Dante Alighicri Society, u'hen the latter artlst
was unable to participatc clue to i1!ness'
Miss Tentoni possesses a voice of tlatrrral lreauty att,l Porver.
o
Many dinner, receptions aud soirees
r'vere given
those
of Berta Gerster Gardini, X'Iaria Carreras and Mrs. Liolel Perera.
O
SONNAMBULA''
FTER an absence of sixteen
during the Respighi sojourn
in New York, outstanding being
Irma Aivano, artist pupil of lvladame
Carreras, was hearcl in a recital at
'Iown Hal1 rluring }larch and display-
Years
from the Metropolitan OPera
stage, Vincenzo tsellini's "La
Sonnambula" was revived for the particular interprctation of Lily Pons as
Amina and Gigli as Elvino. The trvo
artist coui<l not find a better medium
ed a fine technical development. An,
other talent under tl-re guidance ot
Madame Carreras is Glarrco D'Attili'
ten-year-old child rvonder rvho was
recently heard in a private audition at
Steinlvay Hal1 by a clistinguishecl gath-
for the exposition of the beautiful qual-
ity of their voices, since the Bellini
nrusic flows smoothly and graccfully,
rttelo,ll'.
iu melocly.
abounding in
abourrdiug
Evcryone knon's Lr1' tlris time tlrat
rhe 1'lot of "sonnanrbula" revolves
arourrd rlre supposcd urrfaithfu.luess_ of
ing of
musician-s.
I
/G\
/
\
t
ffit:*
) stnrn cESTER GARDINI
Arrrina, due to lier sounanrbulistic ha\ W ; I Director o!
lrits. arrd thc cvolviug of these com\Wft3r ,/
'{Et
l,lications forrns thc various episodes
"/
of.:l1ree u.,t.,
-rhe_Famous
, r- ,-- ,.-, at
-, a,,'fhe preserrt perforntance
trleSineing
thc \,^
Etetka GERSTER o/,t:|,"J
tropolitan is given rn'ith some highlights other than the sirrging of the two
principals. The scenery, costuming, eI-
I c"lebrated European music center heretofore sought by Americans abroad
sruDlo 520
srEINwAy HALL
fectiveness of etrsenrbles, finesse of de- i
phor., Riverside 9-6194
rail, all added rnatcriaill' ro tlre iutcrest
speaking
of the production. Vocally
"t. -i'r-,.-!r.
rr"i
op-era,,.concert
i"d,-1,?-djt,1:p:'-:-"_'-1"trnglish'
i"
,t':l"n: 1*1''"1 X11,-t:T'"
".tr.G'**""iri".ri"g
h"eard ouiihi,' til ;l^t.ly
becn
I
Y"t:.;.
''"-'-""^;;ii"'^i..ii"""ir'i!l
'
politan wa11s than this f lorid B e1lini I """oi1j.","-",:tilix1"1'";.1'.-.i,1,'o'""",.,
music, oftcntimes remiuiscent of "Nor76
:. !
i..
.,E"HAT READERS THINK
OF TFIE NE\T ATLANTICA
rvith the highest aspirations of
of
::. ---1. ietrers that we have received concerning the new feat::: :.::.. in the March issue. Herewith we reproduce a few.
'
-:_:
ajtttca:
:.,: \Iarch number of
- , :.., i: s'ith great inter,-..: '. a.:r interesting num-::::. aD1\- edited and ad-'. - I see no reason rvhy
- : - :t.rr be in the honre
: ;.:..r-reading Italian who
, , :::at irr preserving and
: ::: .l:tural traditions the
: :::- Eenuine contributior]
. _ :nelr acoptlotl.
-- _.rdia1lt,,
;-LtIanlica:
:::--a has norv become a
:,-a:ion; arrd as a cultural
':
'::: i sal that it is devoted
,tCl cauSe.
1]'11/ Congratulations
],,'u
l.::.
'i'cr1' truJy yours,
JOHN J. FRESCHI
.rt of
-\-r
(]one rLt Nl,"s
'
Cr,lrr
u' I"orl
orzr,
, -::'- :r pubblicare nel numero
-.:::i 8th) del mio giornale
r : :: t-liicago) la mia mode:.. ::'. orclinc alla sua pubbli- --- i.r:ica", che tanto contri- -:--r:tdcre f italianita' in A.. creJrrru pirr' corrr.cnicrrtc
:.-- -.:to giudizio anziche' co::- ..:1ettera. Corr r-nigliori au, . . .':-ui.
Devmo-
OSCAR DURANT'E
Chir:a ,t
' -' i-: the up.preciatiort utritDurart,te, u:ho, as lljs let: .-lqte. is also ui.ce-prtsidttft
:,:,1o Board ol Edttctttion).
: :::- I' con piacere che Atlan. :::ieressante rivista bilingue
: ? nLrye anni rappresenta un
' .. :,;l ir l irr quc,ti paesi, seguc
. .r i1rrp1',r rrtaggiore c risport: .:::cI.tc al ilobile :copo il]], : ,tirantare fra gli italo-arle.-, i t iLtarlini di alrre rraziorra;:iisto riconoscinento dc11a
::: ::a1ica attraverso i secoli.
- . :::-ista dovrebbe essere. a pa..: . i1 "\:ade tr{ecurn" di ogr.rr
: re live da questa partc clel.
ng
rre-
:
.t.': ,,r ol Atluntiur,:
: ::r ,;c.ugltl-v itr accorcl with the
:: :i ai -\tlarrtica has sct for
,
il
r
i:
for
:-ar-e been grcatly intcrestecl
: r enr of thc secorrcl gerlera::. italians who came to Alnc: ::. begirrning of the cclrturlr'.
:: :'.' i arnillg a living, the trans-
:= :: :lie cultural inheritances of
.
-
::.r\ ii a. :rcglected.
- .i - .nc,rrrrl qerrcration
rrorv
appreciate
tho-se inheritanccs but lacking the
means or mode. Atlantica solves
the problem. It supplies the mcans.
Those not knor,ving the langnage, car-t
obtain an harmonious account of the
cultural, historical, contmercial and
social rise of the Ital-ians at holre and
abroad.
Yours ver-v tru'y,
PETER SAMMARTINO
the City oJ Neu 1'orl;,
CoLIege oJ
'l'o
EDWARD CORSI
aj Jnmtigra.tiort,
_...- i.: I;lartd, N. Y
:,
find thenrselves lvanting to
th,e EdiLor oJ Atkm,tica:
I have alual: lreerr arr arlrrr.rcr ol
)'our magazine Atlantica a1ld nry
er.rthusiasm has grown upotr reaciing
1'our last nurnbers. Topics touchirrg
on political questionsJ on literature antl
art blend in then vcry beautifully and
adcl a great deal to one'-s culture. \{aga-zines
play an important aprt in
dc-
veloping the cultural background of the
average man. They bring culture into
the home and they supplement schools
and universities in sprcacting it. Our
rlodern .cociety neecls such a vehicle oi
culturc very [ruch and Atlatica
has a rviclc field before itself in entering, at it cloes, the homc of our Anrerican citizens ol Italian extraction.
\\iith regards, I anr
Sincerell.
Prof. DOM1ENICO VITTORINI
(|nit,ersit11 oJ Pennsyluani.a,
Philatlelphia, Pa.
To th.e Editar oJ Atlantica'.
\Ve rvish to thank you for the in{or-
mation you sent. You may be surc
that \vc woul,l lot a.k ior I our Illagazine unless wc found it of real use.
The Library is not in a position to ex-
prcss any more of an opinion than this
in regard to periodicals. \\'e are anxious to rcceive your magazine and to
preserve it for permarlent
use.
Very truly yours,
K. D. METCALF,
C hiel ol the IleJt'reru:e De'partntettt
New York, PLrb-ltc Libraru
1'o the Editot' oj Atl,antica'.
Your nerv :\tlantica, in m1' opi-
nion, has an irresi:tible cye appeal and
does credit to tl.rc creative artistry of
our Italian
race.
nith its innovations that :rre progressive, should attract new subscriber. irom thq rising
generation born of Italian imnrigrant
parents, r'vho are so little accluaintecl
rrith the rvonderful hcritagc that has
come down to them.
A rnagazine rvith a definite ntissiott.
srrch as your Atlantica, has assumed,
can do a great service in keeping alive
Tl.re nragazine itself,
lhe love of r.rrother coul]trf iu our ltcarts
ancl keep that menory grecn, e\rer
rnirclful of the race fronr rl'hich rve
irave sprung. because no lnal] can cver
to much rvho is not linked
a1rou11t
77
his
race, and no man who would despise
the noble traditions of his Fathers and
Nfothcrs can evcr come to suprelnacy
an-v va1ue.
Cordially yours,
P1ETER CAMPON
Binglmmton,
N.
Y.
To the Editor oJ Atlantica:
Ab.out two ]'ears ago, a copy of
AtlzLntica calne by chance into
rny hands. It interested rne because,
having relatiorrs irr many ways r'vith
Italians and Arnericans of Itaiian origrn, it seerned to me to contain al uuusual variet-v of
l.ell selected informa.
tion both iu E,nglish and Italian particularly rvell suited to both trtalians
ar-rd to those intercsted in Italian ian-
guage, litcrature, history, fiue arts, politics, and, especial11.-, the clail-v happen:,ng both in t1-ris country aucl in Italy
that are noteworthl'.
The fact that this magazinc has gone
successfull-v for nine years is proof
in itself tirat it appeals to a goodly
trumber of reaclers rvho appreciate the
material it contair.rs.
X[oreover tlrc revicri' is pro-
on
gressive and abreast of .tirnes, r,r.ith an
eJe c\rer to improvement" The \{arch
1932 number, for instance, is notcworthy in this respect, the r.runrber of
outstancling contriltutions being noticeable as are also the ir.rnovations and
irnprovernents. Although particularly
rvcll applied to our I1alo-Arlerican
constituency, thcre is at the same time
nruch that cannot fail to be of interest
ancl of value to the general reader. To
all such Atlarrtica ; may be.
cor-
dially and unreservedly recornrnendecl.
(.'lL'nrcn Dept.
JAMES GEDDES
of
R.on'tctrtcz l.anguailt-s
B o.s t on
(.i n i t, er
s
it tJ
To th.e Editol oJ Atlaruticct'
A *,ord about Atiantica.
lhe
getteral make-rrp {t]'pc. fornrat, l)rler)
r: good. \\-itlr 1'our irrterrtiorr ro con-
tinue "Atlantica in Italiar.ro" I thoroughly disagrec. It means nothiug but
an unrlecessary outlay of money. Sonte
of the articles ]'ou use are ligl-rt, anci
by light I mean that they are not
nreatv enough, amateurish (e. g. 'I'ile
(irorr tlL of Italian irr Arnerica). Your
"Selections from the Italian Press" are
rrot and tlierr irrulevarrl.
In closing, of course, I do .r,vish to
cxpress to you nty heartfelt good
n-ishes for your eclitorial success. And.
if I rrray be oI any service lo you.
please do not hesitate to call on me"
Sincerely yours,
A. MARINONI
Uniuersity
of
Arkansas
Fauetteu,ille, Ark.
'l'o lhe Editor ol
At,lanti,ca:
I rcccive and carefully peruse l,rour
rcvr'er'". Atlantica, and I nust say I am
r, r,r' sali=fied rr ith it> reccrrf jmIroverrrents, befitting the further dcveloprrrent oi thc nragazile.
tr'ery trtLl.y yours
BENIAMINO. GIGLI
]:-or the sal;re-Renato Abselmi,, Naples; Arturo cle Vecchi
Naples; Giulio Ganclirri' Rome:
SPORTS
CUCCINELLO TRADED TO
BROOKLYN
.f N the most imuortant deal of
L the spring bascball Perior[.
Ernest Lombardi, Babe Herman and Wally Gilbert of the
fie1d o{ contenders. 'jlhese rneu
har e comntenced a rigorous tt'airring period under the sharp eyes
o{ a man rvho is considered the
nonc othgreatest fencer alive
er than Nedo Nadi. -
ITALY SELECTS OLYMPIC
ITALIANS TRIUMPH IN
GOLDEN GLOVES
respective classes.
Louis Salica took the Il2title rvhile Vincent De Lucia u'ou the diadem
potrnd open class
of the same weight in the sub-uovice class. Peter Caracciola u'as
crowned 126-pouncl open class
champion.
Thomas Pontccorro, a high
school student, r'vas the individual
star of the evening, rvhen
scored two knockouts to
Tony Cuccinello,
now at Znd, base lor Broolilan.
Nedo Nadi is rememberecl bY
American followers of the flashing foils for his masterful exhibitions in this country in 1930. His
skill and grace while executing
"the
his most famous stroke
(a- stroke
advance thrust"
rvhich fer'v fencers dare attempt)
brought exclamations of wonderment from his American alldiences.
Holder of five OlymPic championships, Nacli is expectecl to
produce a number of finalists in
the coming Olympics from the
young men now in training under him"
The men selected are: For the
epee-George Chivacci, Leghorn ;
\{ilan; Gustavo Nlarz,i, Leghorn; Giorgio
Gioacchino Guaregna,
FENCERS
Pessina, Ron-re, ancl Ugo Pignoti,
LWAYS a strong contencler
in the Olympic fencing
matches Italy has already
selectecl tl-rose rvho rvill compete
under her colors at Los Angeles
this sr:mmer. Seventeen {encers
Nlilan; Gian Cornaggia, Nlilan;
Renzo \{iloni, Nlilan; Alfrecl Pezzana, Vercelli; Sar.erio Ragno,
have lreen selected fronr the large
Sulafio, Palermo.
NE {ourth of the youths who
took part in the finals of the
Golden Gloves A ur atelt r
Boxing Tournament recentlY at
the NIaclison Scluare Garclen in
Nelv York were o{ Italian clescent. Of these eight boxers, four
rvon the championships of their
Brooklyn club lvere traded to
Cincinnati for Anthony Cuccinello, Joe Stripp ancl ClYde Suke-
forth.
The tracle brings to the Blooklyn Robins one of the most PoPular Italian ball players in the
majors, and at thc same time
sencls to Cincinnati another ltalian, r,vho, in his first year of major
league baseball, bicls fair to reacl
the heights.
Tony Cuccinello, a native of
Long Island City, has made rapid strides in reaching the top o{
the baseball world. A tyPical
product of the numerous sandlots
scattered throughout the countrY,
Cuccinello first broke into organized baseball with the Syracuse
nine of the International League.
This was followed by brief aPpearances rvith Lar'vrence, L)atrville. and Columbus. In 1930 Cuccinello signecl up rvith thc Cincinnati Reds as an infielder.
The first year with Cincinnati
found "Chick", as he is familiarly
called, in a utility role. Last year
the Astoria Italian lvas a fixture
at second base and batted fo,r a
percentage of .318.
Ernest Lombardi, husky catcher, alternated at the BrooklYn
backstop position last year. But
the chances are that Cincinnati
r,vill use him as a regular. Lombarcli's batting ayerage last vear,
his lirst in the majors, u'as slight1y under the .300 mark.
Before playing in a Brooklyn
uniform Lombardi \vas a member
o{ the Oakland nine of the Pacific
Coast League.
Guitavo Marzt, Leghorn; Ugo
Pignotti, Florence, ancl Emiiio
Milan.
For the sworcl-Carlo Agostini,
Venice, and Franco Riccardi, Nfi-
crownecl titleholder 6t ttte hear-1-weight sub-novice class.
Olhers rvho fought in the finali
r'vere: N{ickey Falabella, Phil Ra
gozzino, Stephen Doria and RalPl
Nf agrino.
BATTALINO WHIPS RAN
/-rR ISTOPH ER Battalino, oncr
U callecl a "ch.ecse chamPion"
astounded the boxing frater
nity with a smashing victorY.ove
the Polish welterrveight cham
recentlY il
llddie Ran
pion
York
City.
New
The former featherrveight title
holder spotted Ran eight pound
and then proceeded to give hir
a sound thrashing. 'lhis victor
now places the Hartford Italia:
in an enviable spot. Bouts wit
T on y Canzoneri, lightweigh
champion, and Jackie Fields,
78
rn'e.
terrveight chanrpion. are norv i
the offing. Battalino seems in
fair way to emulate Canzoneri lt
acquiring three ring titles.
OLYMPIC ATHLETES
FETED
T\ RIOR to their departure ft
Y Italy, n-rembers o{ the Italia
Winter Oiympic Squad r,ver
the guest of Gr. Uff. Generos
(Contittued, on Page 80)
1an.
he
be
The Sqd Lover
A SHORT
By Silvio V/. Rolo
slh,
dftt
tcrr
st' d
hrfo
n dnifim
&to
: ll3l
\f,-rm-
ideim
rb-oo-
I U:r$
das$
hiefr
siduaf
:n
.r)
he
be
FnqIGn ls
fil RaRalph
RAN
! onct
ploD ,
:rater-
r ovef
chamLtly in
:
title-
ounds
e him
ictor-l'
italian
; with
reight
;, n'el-
ow in
sina
eri bv
his foreheacl and brought
re for
ltalian
I were
leroso
it
dor.vn
-{s soon as the fore- quickly across his eyes, as if t<.r
;ran of the jury finished dispel an unpleasant vision.
fu wro,,r..ris the court room was
-.hrntmm. irf.-, a pandemonium.
"Then, orre day," he resumed
Jkrpre :;;hed l-ildlv torvard the sl,rn ly. " l [ound a letter in her
room. Sl-ie must havi dropped it,
kfteuudm:mt and carried him off on
dhmun sfoc,,rilders: it t,as evident I gr,ress. Hor,v beautif ullv he
dhf,uf rfth* .i-erdict had rnet
with po_ rvrote : such rvonderful, endJarrng
thorrghts and such passic,n too ii
;cdtlinm frau *rF r '-,a-rs _John penrlleton hacl his words ! I rvas stunned. The
rcltm :m rial for the nrurder of rvhole world seemed to crumple
before me : the sweetest dream- of
utur nrmme- It had been a long, te_
my_ life shattered, merciiessly,
"The
dri{''m{m+ a.imd
=ensationai trial,
pitilessly-and
by the woman 1
igpnmm&s[ Eoment in the trial had
adored more than liie itsclf. I
m,umrtr mhen the accused
was call_ decided to u'atch
them. Whv? 1
'ilfldli ruw*im r. tell his story.
don't knon' myself . I gueis I
'Ji,eforn Pendleton,
iake the
$meum[ i'
b,cromed his lawver,s must have been out of my mrno.
' :rrrl-aad suddenly an onrinous You know the rest. I. fired-I
*:r+r,re :ell upon the court roont. can't remember how many times:
three, four, perhaps five: I don't
\ls he settled dou,n in the wit_ know.
I onlv remember they told
rue."sns - cc,,aircountless gioating me she r.vas dead ano that her
rmrhji qtc"nverged in his clirectron
lover had been taken to the hosn,r'andl **:*.ned
him eagerly. There pital." From that point on there
rffi&s rien- little in him of that ronever was any doubt that the jury
aura rvhich people otterr
,lc*mrumatc x-ith crimes
of passion:
b --** a short, stout nran in his
.aclr ::,-ies. partly bald, rvith a
Tsnlqm+&- lLtless
expresslolr on nls
'nnxrm]f
1rurfr
r,,ld his story in a simple,
}.-a\-. seldom raising ttre
p.xmrcJm .: his voice.
*I bred her. I did
all I couid
flL.u ilra^ke her happy.
She meant
f 'trri-:,rll1o tO me. WOfk tvas a
jrr.r!q[: tD \-ork, make money,
for
rhrr" sr that she could get' the
Sfie
l|rtlrtumrt
ufrmmg-s
she rvanteci most and live
luxurious life : nothing
,u-,.*,re-free.
dse riattered to me. To spenE
j
T i-. spent for her, at h.r altar:
-lta:
il'as m1- lile's suprcme airn.
ill
DS
STORY
mrer-
nne dar'. . . ."
H. .topp.i, with a sigh. 'lhe
m,:,e-ds no\\- came to himless easrily- h tvas apparent that he r,vas
smuggling hard to controi his enm'ld'ns. Spectators craned their
merks and strained their ears. The
ir;arratir-e had reachecl a climax.
Fenileton brushed his hand over
rvould acquit John Pendleton.
,-r I R IO USLV enough, when
\-t Pendleton took his placc
again in the world, he found
that his recent harrorn'ing experience proved a great 1-re1p to hini
Contrary to what he f earet.l,
people were very nice to him,
greeted him warmly even. Men
considerecl him brave, a man rvho
had riskecl liie to avenge his honor. The tabloids had played his
sad plighr" in such a way that he
emerged out of the yellow sheets
something like a hero.
The rvomen especially were among the most ardent of his adn-rirers. Of course, John Penclleton was rich, but it is hard to
say to rvhat extent his social po-
sition affected this display of feminine enthusiasm for one who had
but recently murdered his wife.
Perhaps, as some cynical observer
put it, it r.l'as natural that the
ladies should turn against the
dead woman : sisterly benevolence
that lived even beyond the grave.
One of these rvomen; a pretty,
dashing dir.'orcee with spirkling
dark eyes and vivacious manners-,
admired Pendleton so niuch that
she married him. In this new
love the unfortunate man buried
his past and regained peace.
But the one who never coulcl
forget the past was-the lover.
For months he lav on his little
white bed in the hbspital, helpless, hovering dangerously' betrveen life and death. But he dirl
not die. Fate reserved for iiim a
worse punishment. As he slol,vly
recovered his health, remorse
crept in, grippecl his soul an,_l
made his r,vaking hours an infinite
torture: a living cleath.
Wasn't he responsible for the
death t{ his beloved? Whv had
he come between tl-iat woman and
her husband ? 'lhese thoughts oi
poignant regret held him ln
a
vise: there was no escape, except
in death, but death had refused
him.
He went abroad, but returned
the same unhappy man. Memory
is ever the relentless tormentor of
suffering lovers.
/^NE beautiiul Sumrner afterL/ t-too,-r, rvhile sirolling in the
Park, he noticed a woman
lcoking at him curiously. He paid
no attention and sauntered away.
l'or many days thereafter he went
back to the Park; and aiways the
same woman staring at him. The
sad lover became interested. She
smiled: he bowed. Long walks
and friendly talks forrowed. As
time passed, the sad lover found
himself pouring out all his sorrorv to an attentive listener. Bit
by bit, he told her the tragedy of
his life.
"You may have read about it
in the papers a couple of years
ago," he said. "You may still recall the famous Pendleton case."
The woman started. Was it pos-
79
I
A'I LANTICA, APRIL,
80
sible that tl-ris rvas the uran urhom
her
husbancl, John Penclleton,
nearly killecl and for rvhose love
the first Mrs. Penclleton had met
her cleath ? She \\ras astonishecl.
but saicl nothing. Fate is very
queer and truth certainly stranger than fiction," she only sa1(t t()
herseli-and n'ent horne.
But NIrs. Pendleton san, the sad
lover again. She rvas intensely'
interesteci in him : his tall stooping figure, his pale l'ranclsome face,
the kinrlly. penetratillg gdze 'i
his thoughtful eyes, the melancholy smile on his 1ips. the tragrc
story of his life : sotnehorv, there
was something about the m'an
u,l.rich X,Irs. Pendlctot-r could not
Borks in Revtew
(ContinuerL
lron Page
54)
It is somervhat painful for an Italian
or one well acquairrted rl,ith Ilaly today
to read the book, but for tl.rose intcrested in the appealing idea of trampitrg
through ltaly on foot, and u'ho t'ant
to see how John Gibbons tlid it and
lr'hat he saw, it might prove I'ortlr
u'hile, for, after all, it is reaclable and
entertaining, if nothing else.
AN ITAI'IAN ANTIIOLOGY. Ed.ited
by Florence Trail . 208 pages. lJo.stln'. Richartl G. Badrter, The Gor-
r.er)' n ell explain and--r.es, coulcl n'arning-l;1ys1 into the roout.
not resist.
terrible in his anger. The sad
(iradua11v, inexplicably, their loirer looked at the tn'loman, looklong rvalks and friendly talks lecl ecl at the mau ancl shudclered : l.re
tliern to tlie sad lover's apartment. saw in Penrlieton's hanci a small
shining
s'hich he hazilr"Li{e is goocl," he rvhispered to recailecl thing
lraving seen beiore. In
l-rer as he removed her hat. "Bea flash, he understood er-erything.
lieve me, f never thought I coulcl But he quickll- recor,ered his prebe so happy again^" She srnilecl. sence of minci.
The dusky shaclorvs soon began
to
creep
contains sone 200 poems selected fronr
the r'vide range o{ Italian literature tl.rat
*lil1 appeal to all rvho have an itlterest
in that subject. Sonnets, folk-songs,
hynns, fablcs, proverbs anci lyrics: the
fielc1 is rviclc ar-rcl varicgated. A large
number of thern are tran:1atecl bv the
conpiler, but aurong the translai6-rs famoLrs nanrcs arc not lacking, such as
Byron, Chaucer, Longfellorv, ShakespeareJ Shelley, and a l.iost of ot1'rers.
As for the authors, thc book covers a1l
the famous ones, and il-rarly not so r,vellkttorvn. An index of autl.rors and onc
of translators facilitates the u-sc o{ thc
volurnc, which is a useful addition to
:u.ry Italo-An-rerican's librarv.
Sports
(ConLhtuetl Jronr Pacie 78)
Pope at a banquet given at the
Biltmore Hotei in New York
Citl'.
I'Iayor James J. Walker, r,vho
rvitnessed the efforts of the Italian athletes at Lake Placid, made
a short talk in r'hich he praised
in
ancl slorvly hicl them
from sight: they two
mouth to month, until
alone,
love's
srveet passion possessecl the I,vo-
rnan and her lovelv clark
eves
fluttered. . .
I3ut John Penclleton had learnecl the habit o{ r,r,atching his
rvives. Somehorv, he pickecl up
the trail and-suclclenll'. l itl.rot-tt
.
highly the perfortnances turned
in by the representatives of Italy.
Gr. l-lff. Pope {oilorved ri,ith a ta11i
on tl-re forrvarcl steps taken b1'
the Italian immigrants during t1-re
past 25 years.
Others u-ho addressed the largc
gathering were Judge Freschi.
Vice-Consul Serafini, Count Rossi
I,Iontelela. ancl G. Rivetti.
r1e
PECORA BREAKS RECORD
IT,TURNING to track competition after an absence of
tr:r.o years, I'[ike Pecpra stlr-
Jzant Press. fi2.
rfr H O L'C H nrodest itt a1'pcaratlce
"Italian Anthology". translalaI rhis
ed irrto English by variotts autltors and collected by Florence Trail,
T932
prised evelr his rnost rabid f o1lon -
rvitir a record-breaking performance in the one mile u,alk
event cluring the National A. A.
er,q
Il. championship me et al tl-re
flad:son Scluare Garden recently.
'1.'he r-etcran rvalker, carrying
the colors of the Brooklyn Centrai Y. l,t. C. A., broke the tape
yards ahead of his irearLst colrpetitor in setting a new recorrl of
6:27.2. 'I'he olcl mark of 6:28 n'as
created by George Goirlding in
1911.
"Shoot !" ire cried. "Shoot !
I3ut this time people t'i1l laugh at
yor1. Once. lres, but trvice-ah.
that rvoulcl be too sillv !" There
rva.s bitter. stinging clefiance in
his n'olr.ls.
.[ohn Penclleton cliciu't sl.roc.rt. Hr
krr'vered his hand, shor.ed the gun
into his pocket and cluickly
flcrl out o{ the roor.rr.
shr-rf-
ing an e-rcellent spot {or r6lvlng
competition.
M. A. M.
Atlonlico's Observot. ry
(Conti:rrued
Jron Puge 53)
two u-ho1e false cities of Paris,
tc
be lighted while the real city 'rvouicl br
in
darkness.
Born in F-lorence 54
1'ears ago, -Iaar.rcl first
attracted n'orlcl noticc rvith his farnou:
copozzi bcgan as an electrician
illurnination of thc Eiffel Torver. Latel
his artistic f1oot1-lighting illun-riratet
sevcral of the outstanditrg tnouumetrt:
in Paris. On a trip to New Yorl
oncc, Jacopozzi san' Broadn'ay's uigh
lights, and though he agrecd they u'ert
striking, they rvere also, hc
thougl-rt
"bruta1".
CATHOLiC ITALY
t r O colllll.ry itt thc rr orltl is 1,roL
as c,rtirelv ( arlrolic iri reli
l-l\ \ rl,lu
girir a. Ital1,-a vieu c,,ttfirtttrt
lrv the results of the last ltalian gen
cial ccnsus. cousicierccl Jr-orn the reli
gious
ang1c.
'\,fiianlsecortcl to ltorlle in popula
tion-is a gooci exatl-tplc. Because o
iti lnclustr;ai charactei and geographi'
por,:ition, it should be the city most.er
i,osed to LIrc irrfiltration rvliiclr rrrigl'
i,rilu lilrout a dirtrinution in the tra
clitioial religious sentirleut of the Ii
alians.
ITALIAN ROWING TRIALS
AT LAKE ALBANO
AKE '\I-IiAt\O, near Ronre.
has l>een selected as the
scene
of the
Pre-Olympic
rou,ing tests next June, according
to an announcement n-rade by tl're
Italian Olr'nrpic Committee.
The iake is located deep in the
crater of an exinct volcano and
its rvaters are alr'r'ays calm, mak-
In spitc of this, 975,819 of tire 992,tli
rrrrc.tiotterl reporr tlrey bclorrg to rll'
( atlro';c feith, witlt tlre J( \\s llun)l'(r
ing 6.753, or 064 per ceut. oi the popu
laiion.'lhe
Protestants'are fcwer
6333, or' only 0.63 per ccrrt
of the
po
pulation.
In'iirortant inc1eec1, therefore, !\'i'r
the Laterarr 'l'rcaties u''hich three year
ago official'y put an eud to difference
betr','cerr tire Vaticar-r and the Quirina'
and rvhich have just been scaled tr" '.ii
f ormal visit of Pren'rier I'Iussolini
His Holiness Pope Pius I.
D.
t,
l
The ltotians in theUnited Sares
I :;;e:r -i:e Invited to
Send
in Items and Photographs of Real Worth for
sake of creating a scholarshilr at tlrt'
Junior Collcge, a gala social affair
SOCIETIES
-iLO DEI GIOVANI
:. _-:
:::IGEPORT. CONN.
:'i\ ui -\liss ( l;rra
f)ei Giovani rvill
.-..::.: aiiairs of nrajor
- ::ltCrilz(' StCtanellr
::. orr "Darrte Ali::...-:rrili is ar.r Italiarr
- . :. artrl drarrrat ist oI
.. - deparlnletrt utr:. -::=ctiotr of Barca Tar-. : -:: La\"alleria Rustiea: : \-trga, in u,hich Miss
:-:::r,., and Mr. Clernen. :a\e respcctively the
...:,-:- and Turirldu. The
- :,.,:L jr.r is April first in
: tlrc first alllll\-er: 1,, Ilei Giovani. Its
, ',,.i,1 be "Hamlet" by
: - e presented the last
-
::-.c
rl
part of Ophel:a ancl
: :akerl respectivcly b5'
.- c:ril'o alrd NI r. ('i,,r.: c third production .n'ill
.-e rt'," b]' Rohert lJrar'I I :. s Clara Capasso alcl
: (ialassi n'il1 take the
-: \lr. Lrrigi Licur.i is
::.'-.jr of this drama. otr
:: arnivcrsary dance rvitl-r
: ::cciri1lo as chairnran ivill
:i;:r' 28. IIr. Giuseppe r\-. : l.Ianhattan College tleliver:: i:: ::)orlsored by the art cle- r "Thc Italian Architect: -jl.r1r:lissarrce." Of the :rbove
. :::"e:" alone lvi11 be given it.t
.:-e orhers ill Italian. \'{r.
::.':a is scenic director, ancl
: : :::llr, and trlr. l.uigi Capucci
.::. oi the rlusic. On l!{arch
,- - la \Iassimino rvas clectccl
:-::d IIr. Stefano IIorelli
Possible IJse in These Columns.)
pret;rtivu readirrg oi lrassages of the
first five cantos. Prof. I)e Caro 1-rrebl stressing the fact
that great art likc tirat of tht-. Florcntinc's recluirecl a great interpretation,
faced his lecture
rvhich 'n'as rendered cloubly difficult b1thc reading of the selectecl passages.
Hc brought ont thc characteristic solicl-t1, compactness and unity of thc
first three cantos in particrrlar, rvhictr
accorcling to him cout:rir tlte gerttr ot
al1 the sDiritual content of the Divine
Conretly, as well as all o{ the fundarurcntal elements of Dantc's poetry"
'lhe historical deterrnination of the
year 1300 as the timc of the mystic
pilgrimage, ancl the historical-cthicalre1:igious oue ranging from Ash 'lhurs-
clay to Good liridal'. gave the orator
the opportunity of presenting the Divire Conredy in synthesis less as , a
n'ork of art-thorrgh it is one of the
lrost nrajcstic examples in this field-
than as a vast gernrinatiorl which
flon'crccl uporl onc of thc clearest ancl
r.nost sublir.r-ic corrscicnces the t"'or1cl
has cver seert.
Hc thcrr procettled to Lis
reacling,
g,hich r,r,as done poetically and dramaticall1', conrbir.ring in the most pleasing
nralurer the tu'o nrost outstancling qual-
ities of Prof. De (laro's personality-tllc l)r)et and the actor.
THE UNICO CLUB OF
BRIDGEPORT, CONN.
Working around the dynarnic infiucnce of the scholarly and zealotls
ltalian, l)r. Picrrc: S. Zampiere, dis-
rvhcre "rluips ancl cranks and wantort
lvilcs. nods :nd becks and 'll'reathctt
srniles" will be ruost in evidence. Thr
itrcunrbcnt officers are: prcsident, Dr.
Picrre S. Zanrpiere; vice-prcsideut, Dr
Giovarrni Iiornrichella; sccretary, A1-
tcrrrrcl' lirnt'st Capozzi, tteasttrer, A1l('rnc\ ()t1" I.e flacclria.
.
B,T.
ITALY AMERICA SOCIETY
ELECTS OFFICERS
At thc reccltt altnual meeting of tlrtr
Italy Arr-rerica Society in Nerv Yorli.
Iiarshall liielcl rvas re-elected presidert
of the Society, antl Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler rvas re-clectecl president oI
the Board of lrustces. Thc Italian
Anrbassarlor to \Vashingtorr :Lud thc
r\nierican .\nrbassaclor to Roure, reslreciive'y Nobiie Giacomo l)c Martirro ancl Johri \\I. (}arrett, rvcrc re-eleclcrl honorary lrrcsidenls. Hctrry Burcl.rell, forrnerll the Societ-v's sccretarl',
was electcd vice-prcsiclent, the othcr
vice-presidents being Chester .\ldrich
antl Franklil Q. Brou''n. 'l-lre latter
rvas also elected treasllr('l:. In thc
place ol tr'f r. Burchell, I{arr-v - Balt-z
ivas aclclecl :in the person of li II'
(iuarclabassi, the follorving all bcirrg
-r-c-elccted: H.-I{. Winthrop' Thotrras \N'
Lan-rotit. Georgc F. Baker, Jr., l'aul D.
('ravatlt. Otto H. Kalrrr' L harles F '
\litclrclt. \A'illianr Pottcr. \I1ron ( '
"I-aylor, Alfonso P. Vi1la, A. H' Gianni'
rri arrtl ('larertcc I tillorr.
ACTIVITIES OF THE
ITALIAN FIIS'{'ORICAL
SOCIETY
The Italian Historical Socictl' helcl
of langttages antl a geueral meetitrg not loug ago at thc
mall
comparativc literirture at t1're Junior llnivcrsitv Club in Nerv York to ycar'
(-ollc'ge oi Clounccticut, the Unico Clrrb,
out a prigratn for thc currellt
ol the
a group of profes',iona1 and business l'rof. J;hli-L. Cicrig, irre siclenttneetrng
rrrcn. u'i1l soon celcbratc its frrst anni- national societl', operlecl tlte
irr tlre nronth oi lIa.v. 1l'hc ancl thetr lrrcsel-rtec1 Corttrtt. l)r. Giu:'--:AGC SOCIETY HEARS r.crs.rrli
llnico Club's purposc is to incarnatc ."t,lrc Pr.,oiitali, chairrtran oi thc Boarcl
DANTE LECTURER
that virtue rvhich rnadc ]lonre the of' lrustces anci founcler of theollSocirlrc
noblest empire on earth, namely thc clr'. Follortcrl a llrief repott
!o'rl
Harold
by
activities
Socicry'.
civic
responsibilitie
The
virtue
of
s.
,-.: .,:r:e Alighicri Society rif Chierecutive sccrel arJ'. Report.s
- - :heir monthly Dinner-Lect- club functions indepenclently of other Va"rrey.
So' i.','.dnesday, January 27, at the Italian city groups that.bear the same lronr tlrc variotts Lranch, s o{ the
in other cities followed, including
: - > .:a:iord Hotcl in that city. 11ame;:ltit assernbles cvery Tuesday ety
thc: Stratfiekl Hotel for lurr- tl'qse of Judge tiomnr. Frank Leverorti
i honor lvas Colonel Frank rloor:
.,:', i.her of the Llhicago Daily
cheon. i'vhere outstancling lccturers arc of Boston, l)r. A. Salar-ritro of Essex
:nvitecl to discuss currcnt ancl civic Count-v, N. .1., Juvenal P. I'f archisitr
problenr.-. lhe distinguishecl lalvyer arrd F. D. Saitta of Brookll'n, Proi.
.'r!-(r aflqr lltc dittttrr rtas and journalist of Nen' \'ork, Avv. ,\l^ I). Barca 'iartaro 0f Connecticut, ail(l
-., --gcro De Caro, oI North'n'est- bcrto Gronro-Garabelli, spokc to the I )r. C. S. lttccala, trow orgaltizitlg attr:..:::itv. Prof. De Caro former- Unico Clrrb reccntly on "l.'he Import- olher branch in Qrreetrs C)ottr.rty.
Linder thc l.righ patrotlilgtr of tlt('
. . r: th. Royal Military College ance of Italians in America." Oiten its
:: : r:re Pontifical College of St. o\vn tnernbers acldress other civic Italiar-r Ambassador atrcl thc Italian
-:: .. and the Royal Lyceum of groups; on trlarch 10 Dr. Zant- X'{iristcr of Foreign A{fairs, the Ital-:
Ht- is thc author of a rrork lriere dclir,cred a tinelv and ilrost ian Historical Socicty on \{arch 9tlr
. .:.:hetic unitv o{ Homer's Ili- irnpre ssive talk to thc Kit anis held a brilliant concert anci ball at the
Club orr "The Open 1)oor l'o1icy irr Hotel Plaza in New York, attendecl
- :.. .ubject r','hich he chose for
- :::::'g \\'as "The Initial Cantos China." liurthcrmorc. the Unico Clrrl;, by a grcat number of ltalians and A- -,r..ine Come<1y"; an introduc- together with the Liols and the l-x- rnericans pronriuetrt in all rvall<s of the
' . : :. great lrocm ancl thc interchange clubs, u''i11 spotrsor, fol t il{l city's liic.
tinguishecl professor
81
ATLANT]CA, APRiI-,
82
ITALIAI{ AUXILIARY
HELPED
28,366
IN
1932
under the presidcncy of Mrs. S.
19JJ1
The litLl, -krrown but extrenteiy irrrlustrious and active Italian Auxiiiary.
,,1 Ncrr. York, the purpose oi
in this country, heiped no fewer-than
28,366 of them during thc year 1931,
aud of these I869 received foocl anci
Ir1c..
\\'trrclr rs to lrclp the Italian imnrigrant
lodging, according t() a report recetltl]issued. Backcd up lrl.tlic invaruahle
aid of Fl . "8. ( ardirral Haycs, this organization, rvhich because of the c1e-
pression had its lvorl greatly arrgmcnted, has as its zealous ilirector
R.
Scorza. assisted b1. M rr. A. G. De
Sanctis and Mrs. .\. Scaturro, rcspect-
ively treasurer and secretar-v.
Tl're
general committee included Miss Felicia Cafferata, Mrs. Anthony J. Lecari,
l.,Irs. Louis Lentino, Mrs. J. Lione,
Mrs. John Lore, \{iss Mary Martin,
Mrs. Otto tr{en'rmoli, Mrs. Joseph personcni. Mrs. Arrthony Pisali, llrs. A.
t-i. Ragei, Mrs. Frarrcesco Romeo, XIrs.
Carlo Savini, trfrs. Marie Frugoni Scilepi, Mrs. Louise Valente, N{rs. B. Pasquarelli, Miss M. Repetti.
NEW OFFICERS FOR ITALOAMERICAN NATIONAL
UNION
Following thc death last year of its
fornrer president, Cav. Costat.rtino Vi-
tello, the Italo-Arnerican National
Union of Chicago, one of the largest
I talian societies in the micll\.est, rccer.rtl1' elccted V. E. Ferrara as it prcsirlcnt and treasurer ancl cbairnran of
the Boarcl ol Directors. Other oflicers
li. Balzano. and Lecr
Bonaveutura, r'ice-presiclents; D. F.
(.occia, secrctar_v; Thomas H. Landise,
gen. counsel; Dr. S. Ingrao, mcdical
d;rcctor; Dornenico Tinaglia, Sarvatore Iiaso ancl Yincenzo Allegra, lrustees:
\r. Schicchi, chairman of the financial
electecl rvcrc Ciro
; IJ. l:). Barasa, sitting
past
pres.; Salvatore Lococo, chaplairr: anrl
conrnr'ittee
Sigisnrondo Gurgone, scntry. f'hc
Iloard of I)irectors, in addition to tlit:
abor.r (u-ith the except:on of the last
thrcc), iucluclcs C. F. llalzano, M. Nar-
drilli, P. Di .F-rancesca, P. Bianco. S.
Clatisi and N. Anzalone. According
to the treasurcr's report, the society's
balancc as of I)ec. 1931 r,vas $169,590.78. and it has abour 50 lodges iri and
:Ltouncl Chicago.
Brilliance antl snccess rnarked
tire
claboratc banquet rvhich the Circolo
Italiano of Philaclclphia tentlered rr-
ccntiy to Robert Lontbardi, pronrin:r,t
Philadelphia contractor ancl au honor-
ary president of thc Circolo. lhe aifarr u'as he1<l at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel
in that city rvith prominent 1oca1 ltaliat-rs atr,cnding.
The Ladies's Auxiliary of the Colunrbus Fiospital in Nevr York, the orgarrizatiol lr,hich arranged for a ben.:irt
perf
ormance of "L'Af ricana" eLt the
I'{ctropolitan Opera House on l)ec.
12th with a r.ret profi1 to the Hospital
of $10 500, is continuitrg its goocl u.ork
{or the Hospital. I{ecentl_r' it held a
ittttcheorr lrritlge at tlrr H,,tcl \r'u
Yorl<er tr,;1i.g fulrrls ior e,luil,rrrcrrt
in the rnatcrnit-v rvarcl, w-hich is sustr:iued er.rtirelr' by the Auxitary. ll'ht,
conrmittee in charge of the affair n'as
Youngnran of Massachusetts at he
in Boston under the auspices o
hon.re
the Italian Legion Auxiliary for
th,
benefit of the Boston chapter of th
ltalian War Vetcrans Associatior
At a recent mecting of the Nationa
Council of the Federation Sons of Co
lunrbus in Arrerica at Pittsbureh, \Ir
religious help (including u.eck lJ- nrasscs
at Ellis Island), r'rc. Thc offices of
the Auxiliary arc at 45 West St., Ner,v
York Citl'.
A musical program and tea was hel,
recently by the wife of Lieut.-Gor
Guy C. Peluso.
At the club rrrecting held recentll',
the president, Angelo A. Troisi, appointed a conrrnittee to commence the
formatior-r of the "Forum". This conr-
quiring of papers, documents, etc.),
enployment aid, travelers' guidance,
V. J. Lengt
H. Di Oiazio, fin
ancial secretary: \I. Dc Luca, trea,
urer; and directors: A. De Pahna, U
Ronrano, Jr., and J. Mercurio.
Cliub
ce dell'Emigrato." Sorne of thc ltalAuxiliary's many activities include
legal services, secretarial work 1ac-
iar-r
Assant.e, vice-presiderrts:
execu_tive secretar)-:
Among those present u'cre tl-re wife o
Gov. Joseph Ely, Colrm. Pio M. IVIar
gotti, Italian Consul at Boston an(
Nlrs. Joseph 'lomasello, presidcnt o
the Auxiliary, besides many others.
The Italian-American Improvcment
of Chelsea, Mass., l.ras taken acivantage of its opportunities and recently formed an "Educational Forum." The association owes its inception to the ardent efforts of trlr.
tr{ons. Gerrnano Formica. rvho is alscr
cditor oI the Italiarr magazirrc "La Vo-
officers clected were J. J. Bucci arrd i
nrittee later met at the office of School
Committeenran Sebastian N. 'l angus-
so, and elected John R. N{arquard
chairnran, Albert Porcello secretary,
and (iuy G. Pcluso trcasurer. Attorney Sebastian N.'langusso lvas
electcd advisor, and X,fr. Salyatore Gisonna. branch llrana€{er oi the IVIetropolitan Lifc Irrrurar.rcc Company, assit:.nt advisor,
'I'l.re purpose of the "Forurn" is to
clevelop through debates and expression of opinion of the rnenrbers tLre
culture
-uvhich otl.rerrvise
loticeC.
u'ould go
u1r-
The \fanchurian problern lvas tire
of cliscussion at a rccent gathering of "I-'Aurora" Socicty in Philaclelphia, lvith Miss \4ickey Nf ongclli
leading thc discttssion. f-ollorving
this. Miss ll'heresa F. Bucchieri spokc
briefly ol her interviervs w.ith \ etropolitan Opcra stars. A progranr of
errtertainment r,r.as f urnished by Joscphie Carano, singcr, and Angela
togric
I,[aririo, clancer. NIiss Nfaric \[azzoli
is lrresident of the
society.
For the purposc of backing candidates for public office at the coniing
electiorrs arrd to proltole clectoral rel
gistration, there -vas recenilv formed
irr Boston tht. Italiarr Dcrrrocratjc Ciulr
of Massachusctts, q.ith Dr. Joseph
Santosuosso elcctecl as its first- preii-
cl:nt.
Judge 'lihornas H. Brown of thc
J r:r:,cv City Court House reccnll.r,
spoke before the Dante Aliehieri Soii( t)' of that city orr "the nroral dc[.t
l'hich the other nations o1\,'e our'
cr)ul.Itr1r." Introduced b1' I,Ir. Giusep1re L-uppart.r, chairman of the cduca-
tional cornrtrittee, Judge Brorvn,s
b| a musical prorrarr. Anrorrg those preserrt u as tllc
Itrlian \-ice-( orrsul at Nc\\ xrk, Dr.
(
..peech n'as followed
)rnello Sirnotre.
Attorney Anrerico V. Lortcse of
Phiiadelphia was reccntlv elected
rrr:arrinrou'1y as l,resident oi thc pro.
gressive Italo-Arnerican Clitizens'
Lcague of that city, conrposcd of
1'oung profcssional rlen rleslrous of attaining greater political power for their
cr)untrymen in Philadelphia. Other
Lorenzo D'Aquila was unanimousll
chosen historian and editor of thr
u'eekly bu1letin. X,Ir. D'Aquila is alst
president of the National Council',
Nlortuary Fund Corrnrittec. The tred
eration is one of the strongest anr
lnost progressive organizations ir
lVestern Pennsylvania, ancl is colllpos
eci of the best elerncnt of
rcsiclcn
Italiarrs.
BUSINESS & FINANCE
Cav. Uff. Ercole H. Locatelli. heac
of the Nen York irnporting firm rt
llrat rrarne. was recerrtlJ- electcd lrrr:i.
dent of the Italialr Chanrber of Com.
merce of Ner,v York. Othcr officcrelected werc Conrnr. L. Perera, r.icepresident; l{r. I-uigi Profnnro, r'ice.
president (re-electecl) ancl (lontrtr. Pa.
scluale I. Simonelli, treasrrrer (re-elect.
cc1). The follorving \\'ere electecl a:
I)irectors (Categorl. A): Cav. Uff.
Datrte Antolini, Althonl' _1. Bendin,
Joseph Capolino, Anl onino L-ipolla.
I)otnenico I)'Arrgi,r:a, Courtn. Siro Fusi, Comnr. Giuseppe Gcr1i. Cav. Llff.
Ercole H. Locatelli, Conrnr. Lionello
Perera, Lu:gi Proiurno, Joscph Ron-
cal1o, Henrv \V. Schroecler. Comrrr.
Pascluale Sirnorrelli, llrcole T,. Sozzi.
ancl Cav. Domcnico A. J'ruda. Other
Directors (Category B) are l)omenico
Casaburi anC Frank Vcltri. Dr. Al-
berto C. Bolaschi is still thc invaluable Secre'.ar1' of the Chzrrrber.
Cav. LIff. A. Tluda anrl Conrnr. F.
Quattrone, Neu' Yclrk rcprescntatives
of the Societa' c1i Nar.igazionc Libera
L'riestina offered a lnr.rch reccntly ar
the Biltmore Hotel in honor of Com'nander trfario'faddei*director-generai
of the Societa', on the occasion of his
return to ltaly aftcr a visit in thc
United States rvhich included San Fran-
cisco, Chicago, Philadelphia eincl Nerr'
York. The of ficers ancl directors of
the Italian Charrrirer c{ Comrnerce in
Nelr- York (see abovc) \\-crc among
those present, as lve11 as Comru E.
Grazzi, Italian Consul General in Nerv
York, ancl Corlnr. Rornolo Angclone.
the Comrnercial Attache at the Italian
Eubassy at \\,-ashington.
Cav. F. Bragno of C.hicago lvas recently clected presider.rt of the Italian
Cl-ramber of Cornmerce in that citv.
.fHE ITALIANS IN THE UNITED STT\TES
,.,'
lm
.- ::.:-i:t: r'ear-book for
''- --cretary, Fede-:l :r.-o languages, the
- - . - ;,age -., and is rich
. : dara concerrring
'.
: - 'i. a i1s County. Leo' I ::: :: president of the
-. :t':
.:r:: -:
rL-
:: -:A::ON
& CULTURE
-l:,r
:: r '.:rses rvhich Colum, -::r: every year will be
:
:- r:::.:t this summer. An
' - .': ::-::t the casa Italiana
: -' : '.'. :ll offe r to all those
.- . - : :: an extraordinary op,
, -:.:ct themselves in the
:- courses in language,
:- ,
.::i c.rnposition given bY
: , :-:::i-. and Dr. H. R. Mar.r .., : : : j::eS in literature given
''
l:-zzolini, the Casa Ita. i,
:::r:irel)- at the disposal
' - - '-. -.,, :--... in adclition to thelr
]E
- ' Fr)ulldation are two for ltal:. ::r the field of Painting, to
.
':
l,l:.irgrar-ite, l-read of thc art de..' tri the Ethical Culture
. ::i \crv York, to do creative
: :.inting abroad; and the other
. -.ld ol sculpture, to Antonio
' - r.:.':.
tLr do creative work in
- :::. altroad.
J:-:ris ancl collcagues of Prof. Ma: l. ..nza r','ill gathcr at the Hotel
''. :: in )ierv York on April gtl'
' . - .:ble cclcbration in his hono'.
r.:rr:i appointrncnt as I)ean of
- :: ';:r t ,r11ggg ancl thc completiotl
::: i'.;irs of service as presidet]t of
-:alr:rn'l'eachers Association.
:: :ht slreakers r,r,i11 be FIis Ex:.:-. \obile Cliacomo de l{artino.
.::
-\lrlra,ssaclor to the Linited
' .:..: Dr. \\-illian-r Boylan, president
: :, kl1'n College, and I)r. Stephen
: - -'::'-. l)irector of the Institute of
' - ::' :ri,rn itl Eclncation.
as re-
Federation of Modern Language
Teachers of Buffalo, Miss Angelina
Giarratano of Seward Park High
School, Johr.r D'Appolito of the Hudson Park Junior High School, William
Fuca ancl Nliss Bernadotte Mandracchia of New Utrecht High School,
Vincent Brancaccio of P" S. 83, and
Leo Bottari, Miss Tcresa Buccina an<i
\{iss Fortunata Bagnasco of Theodore
Roosevelt High School.
Mr. Peter Campon, who has spoken
beforc scores of societies throughout
the Eastern States on what the ltalians have done in the past and are
doing for the world and for the United
States, came to New York rccently and
clelivered a fascinqting lecture at the
Casa Italiana o{ Columbia University
on the contribution of the Italians to
world culture. Mr. Campon's message
at his various talks is an admirable
:.:,. .'.:=r',ze themselves u.ith the
. - 1= . Every daY there will and a dcfinite one, aiming at broader
on the part
-- - , :::cleon presided over by tolerance and undcrstanding
: :- ::a'.:ctors, and every even- of Americans of the grcat traditions of
: l be nreetings and con- Italian culture and the enorlnous
-. : ::Cucted entirely in Ital- strides being made by Italians ir-r this
- :. . :-i'e been announced to country. There should be more like
r --::- : :ian ]Iuseum of Art to hinr.
.:'- art. to the tr{organ LibrAt a recent meeting of the Italian
::::: :::: Italian manuscripts, and
i.land to, sec the house Club of Hunter Collcge of New York,
:.: ' a di or-rce lived. ManY tt're following officers for 1932 were
'
elected: Anna Tantil1o, pres.; \,{ary
- : -: : ;'. : already consettted t<l
: . .:'.idents. The dormitories Pirro, vice-pres.; Nina Gallucci, sec.;
,:: :-. C.rllege ancl Banrard Col- and Beatrice Cotone, treas. Miss Bo. i
- :.: tllc disposition of tl'Lose schini acted as faculty advisor in the
. : . ,:,.'c itr Ne."r, York and I'ho absence of Prof. Byrnes. The Clulr
-: : ,-:: 1 irrexpensive loclging. Irr *'i1l hold a reception on April 19th.
- : r-:i ior six rvceks, including
At Harvard University last month,
:.: - ' -,arc1. g'ill not bc n.rore thal-t
rcccived the Clifford
- .. clesiritlg nore informa- Joseph J. Gianino
- : : i.,rite to the Casa Ital:iana Nf. Holland Mcn.rorial Aid Scholarship
'
<lct t'hich it iras Publi.ohed for .lne ycar, aud lidmund J. Croce, a
firs r year studellt in the me dical
- - 't::: ::1a .-\um1llcr couf ses.
school, received one of the George
.a-.::-,::g ::re fellowships grantecl this
' ' :::. John Simon Guggel-rheim
.:alian
the study of Italian, went this year to
N{iss Palnra Carretta and Miss Rose
Cirincione of Washington Irving
High School, Miss X4aria Ferrara of
James Monroe High School, Miss Ilda
N{. Guercio of the New York State
T:le -'rc,nze nrcdals of Dantc distrib'. : .r'e r1' r'ear by the Sons of Ital-v
:.:. - I-trc1ge, Inc. to the best stu-
-::r-: :l \rw York Citv schools for
Havcn Scholarships.
Miss Theresa V. Felitti is liolding
classes in Italian every Thursday even-
ing at thc Harleur House in New York
City"
"The Influcrtce of Macchiavelli on
Our Times" has the subject of an address receutly clelivered by Professor
Giuseppe Prez-oiini, director of the
Casa Italiana at Columbia University
before the ltalo-Ar-r-rerican Club of
83
ed, and Comrn. Pio l\{argotti, Italian
Consul in Boston, who introduced the
speaker. Recently exchange professor
at the Univcrsity of California, Prof.
Borgese is soon to bcgin a series of
lcctures at Harvard on the history of
Italian literature, as the guest of Prof.
George \ry-eston of the Romance Lan-
guage Department.
A banclr-ret in honor of Francis X.
Pagano, recently elected sccretarytreasurer of the Alpba Phi l)clta Fraternity, r,vas helcl not long ago at tl.re
Hotel Brierfield under the auspices of
the Eta Chapter. Cav. Pctcr
Sam-
martir.ro actecl as toastma:ter, and in-
lroduced ntanl spcakcrs.
Mr. E,ttore Antonelli of Philadelphia
receutly lr,as graduatcd frctn.'fentple
University n itl.r hor.rors, conrp'eting l.ris
course in three and a half years, :Lfter
having specializcd in rottlallce 1anguages. No\1' taking a po't-graduate
course at thc Llnivcrsitv of L'ennsylvania, he is very active in thc clrama activities oi its Circolo Italiano.
FINE ARTS
Awards in the contest for the desigtr-
ing of ar.r entrance and lobby of a radio
university, sponsored by the Association of the Alun'rni of the Anrerican
Academy in Rome, rvcre recently an-
nounced. Edlvard J. Bochicchio,
sculptor, and John I-issotto, architect,
won second medals, ancl anrotrg those
rvho won other tnedals r'vcre the following Yale students: R. Arncrrclola and
S. N{ilicci, sculptors, and Joseph Palrra of the Armour Institutc of Chicago.
A reception was givcn last nouth
to Ottorino Respighi at the Casa ltaliana of Columbia Llniversity under the
of the Dante Alighicri Society of Nerv York. Iu a prograur of
the composer's rvorks, there appeared
the members of the cast of "Nlaria Egtziaca", the. rn,ork rvhich u'as given
auspices
its rvorld premiere on March l6tli rvith
thc New York Philharmonic-Svnphony Orchestra.
Gofiredo Alessandrini, one of the
rve1l-kr.rou'n film dircctors in Italy, and
forrnerly art dircctor of Cines, the ltal-
ian fi1nr cornpany, is in Hol1ylvood,
hs has a six-months contract
n,tlr l\[etro-Goldwyrr-\[a1'et.
rr,hgye
The Italian filrn "Rubacuoii" (Heart
Ir.eaker), producecl in Italy by
the
Providence.
(-rnes-Pittaluga Company, recently had
lhe Natiorral League for American
Citizenship, Inc., of 52 Vanderbilt
Avenue, Nen' York, is issuing a booklct corrtainittg all thc irrforrrlalion lleccssary for candidates for Anlerican citizenship. Hundreds of Italians have
alreadl' availed themselves of this
of a banker with an eye for the lvonten.
booklet, lvhich costs
te11 cents.
Prof. Giuseppe A. Borgese of the
tiniversity of \{ilan aucl otle of t}re
real1y outstanding literary critics of
Italy, spoke recentll' as a guest o{ the
Italian Historical Societ-v of Boston at
a dinner given irt his honor at the City
Club in that city. Others present inF. Lcverorti, v'ho presid-
clrrcled Judgc
its Amcrican prenricre at the Fifth
Avcnue Playhouse in New York. Directed by Guido Brignone, it starred
Armando !'alconi in the leading rolc
Through the efforts of Vittcelrzo Irtgrao, there has been formed a conmittee in Rochester, N. Y. to establish
a permanent Italian art theatre in that
city. Mr. Ingrao is president and S.
De Buono is secretary of the cotlmittee, other members of lvhich include J. Adorino" A. Trotta. R. Paladino, V" Carfl, J. Schiano, A. Atatoli,
A. Bonsignore, G. Infantolino, N. Pa-
gliaro, M. Bottesini, J. Dana, J.
rulli, 'l'. Panella, J. Bass:auo.
Pa-
ATLANTICA, APRIL,
8.1
D'rected bt' llaestro Guglielmo Salralirri, tlrt' Italo-.\rr:cricarr Philarmorric
Orchcstra of Philadelphia recently began a series of concerts at the New
Century Auditoriun-r in that city, with
a program includiug rvorks by Cheru-
bini, I\fozart, Sandoni,
Beethoven,
Verdi. and tlrc nroderns, Catalani, Pra-
tella and Carabella. The baritone
Peter Petroitis rvas thc soloist of the
evening.
Vincent La Bades-"a, talented young
artist of Pl-riladeiphia, recently 1're1d a
one-man show' of sorue 25 black anc!
u,hitc sketches at the Warwick Gal-
lerics in that city. The rvork of -\[r.
La Badessa, an honor graduatc of the
Philadclphia School of Industrial Art,
is rvell knorn'n in that city, having previously been displayecl at the Penn-
sl.lvanii Academy of Fine A1ts, the
Philadelphia School of Industilai Art,
and the Philadelphia Gallery of Contemporar)r Art.
PROFESSIONS
guests of honor, in addition to the
Mayor, were the Italian Consul General, Cornm. tr{anzini, Gr. Uff. Ettore
Patrizi, editor of "1,'Italia" ancl one of
thc founders of both the Hospital and
the F-ederation, ar.rd others arnong the
200 rvho attended. 'lhc success of the
occasion is to be creclitecl to the rvork
of lfrs. Oliva Bossu and tr{r. Agostino Rossi, aiclccl by a connrittec.
Friends of Leroy J. D'A1oia, son of
Iorrner Prosecutor ancl Judge J. Victor
D'Aloia of Nervark, N. J., gar.e a din-
ncr rlance last nronth at the Newark
.\thletic Club to celebrate his admission to the bar. tr'tore than 800 persons, it'lvas cstinrated, attended the
affair, of which (,omrnon Pleas Juclge
Daniel J. Brennan rvas toastmaster.
The cornmittee in charge of thc dinner
dance consisted of County Detective
Joseph Giuliano, chairman, lvleyer Q.
Kesscl, Michael Santa Maria,
and
Charles Garramone.
The "Italian Nervs" of Boston,
The American Societ-v o{ Nledical
History hclcl an Italian Evening last
rnonth at the offices of "X{edical Life,"
a n-ronthly review, $'ith the Italian Consul General. Corunr. Emanuele Grazzt,
as guest oi honor. Dr. L. F. Bishop
presided, autl the speakers included Dr.
Cesare Legiardi-l-aura, rvho described
"I'he l.'orgotten Past"; Dr. James J.
\Valsh, author of "What Civilization
Ow'es to Italy" ancl sonrc thirttr or
forty otlrrr ir6oks, rvho clrose foi his
subjcct "Italian X'leclicine in the If iddle
Age": and Dr. Victor Robinson, autl-ror of " l'h c St or5 of Il edicine", wh o
spoke on "Leouarrlo 11a Virrci-Hcrald
of the llenaissauce." A musical progrrill c(,ilclUdcrl tlrt. t.r'erriilg.
The 3.lth anniversary of the fouucling
oI rlrt. Italiarr Plrarnr-accuticai Socictv
of Neu. York State ll,as celebratcd las"t
motrth at the arrnual ltanquct of the
Society givcn at the new \Varclori-Astoria FIotcl in Neu. York Citv. Dr.
Johrr Sca.vo rlas clrairnrarr,,f ilrc.xecutive conrrlittee, other nrcmbers of
u4rich included L. Realbrrto, D. Cracht,
N. S. Gesoalde ancl A. I'c'rsor-reni. -I'he
officcrs of tlre Socictr-;rrc.\. S. Caralrillo. 1rres.; l;. C. di Bcrrctlelto anrl
'.l'hos J. Rocchio, r'ice-presidents; A.
Caralrillo. trea'.I J. J. Sclaro, fi1. sec.;
Bcrtiarrrino Gagliarrrt. corr. sec.; arrtl
\\-alter l'auaro, r('c. scc.
"The Origins ar.rcl Development of
I.-ascisnr" was thc subject of ai acldress
dclivered not long ago by Comm. Enranuele Grazzi, Italial Consul General
in Ncrv York, be{ore a large gathcring
at the School oT Journalism of Nerv
York tlnivcrsity. The eminent rcpresentative of Ital-v in the world's
largest city spoke on the same subject
a fortnight later as the guest speaker
at the home of Mrs. F. Havemever ir.r
Stttlorr PIace. rrnder rhc au-piies ol
the Italy America Society.
fn honor jointly of thc Mayor of
San Francisco, thc lIon. Angelo Rossi, and the Italian physicians of that
city, the Fcderation of Italiar-r Societies
of California last nronth gave a banquet in order to further the cause of
the Dante Hospital. Arnong
1932
the
a
rveekly English languagc paper in that
cit)', recentl). celebrated its 11th anniversary. Principio A. Satrtosuosso is
its editor.
lvlonsignor Don Francesco Grassi'
rector of the Church o{ St. Anthonl'
irr thc Brorrx, and a ( orntnandcr of
the Order of the Cror'vn of Italy, has
been further honorecl by the Italian
Government by bcing made a Chevalier of the Order of Saints \4aurice
ancl Lazarus, one of thc highest honors the Government bestorvs.
Among those n,ho last month lvere
of the Crou.n of Italy
by thc Italian Govcrnnent u'ere Prof.
Filippo Spinelli, head of the Legal Office of the Italian Consulate in Nerv
York, and the Rev. Charles J. Car-rivan
oi the Catholic Church of St. I)ominick
in Oyster Bay, I-. T
nrade Chevalier
The Association oi Italian Physicians in America, which gathers monthly in Nerv York for scientific and pro-
fessional cliscussior.r. held its annual
not lor.rg ago at the Nelv
Yorker Hotel, as announced in our
last issue. Niorc than 500 attendccl.
At the gucst table u.ere Comm. Er.narrucle Grazzi, Italiarr Consul in Nerv
York. Dr. fr. Cassola, presiclent of the
Association, Itaio C. Falbo, eclitor of
"I1 Progres-.o" of Nerv York, Dr. and
Mrs. Giorclano, Car.. ancl tr4rs. S. \{.
Pirio, Dr. C.orde11a, Dr. Liva, and Dr.
laormino. The dir-rner <lance comrnittee ur: cullrpoqed of L)rs. I. Cr.a",
H. De Bellis, G. -I. tr{ecca and A. \t.
Sala, assisted by a largc ladies' conrr-nittee which rvas headccl bv \{rs. J.
V. Ricci ancl r\delira E,. Rinaldi.
bar.rcluct
PUBLIC LIFE
More than 400 ."vere present at a
bancluet given reccntll' for Congressnran Pctcr J. Cavicchia of Ne$r Jersey
a.t the lllks Club in Newark by the
New Jcrsey section of the Order Sons
fo Italy in Arnerica. Chairrnan o{ the
occasion was Cav. Llff. Francesco Pal-
1cria. Grancl Venerabre of the Order
for Ner"' Jersey, and thc former Judge
T. \{ancusi-lJugaro acted as toast1na-t.r. Anrong thc spcakcr... in adrli-
tion to Mr. Palleria, u.crc Assembl).rnar.r
John H. Dolce of Hnclson Countl.-,
1)r. Ornello Simone, Italian Vice-Corrsul at Nervark, Gr. Uff. Giovanni Di
Silvestro, uational head of the Order,
Judge Anthony Minisi of Ner.vark, aud
Congressman Cavicchia.
Attorney Joseph Marinelli of Phila-
delphia has announced his candidacy as
Cc-ngressman from the 1st District in
that city, with Petcr Gattico running
for State As-senrbh'ruan frorn the sane
r
lis t ric t.
Governor H arr-v \4 oort ,,f \ ew J t rsey spoke last month before the Italian Busir.rcss and Profe ssional Meu-s
Clul-i of frrenton at the Stacy-Trellt
Hc'tel. The meeting l\'as l)resided over
by Dr. llosario J. Cottonc, presiderrt
of the
Club.
Several Italians arc entered as cancliclatcs in the prin-rary elections to bt'
held :in Chicago during Apri1. Among
thern are Judge Francis Borrelli of tht:
\,Iunicipal Court, r'r.ho seeks the Det-nocratic canclidacy for the office of Statt
Attorney; \'{ichacl D'Urso, State Assembiyman, u'ho nray be the Republican candidatc for Clerk of the Superior
Court: Joscplt Farina, ruuning for rcelectiorr as Stalc Senator fronr the 29tlr
District; arrcl {or Juclge of thc Municipal Court (iu rvhich officc there lvill
be l2 vacancies), Nuuzio tsonelli, I)ellrocrat. aucl at prcseut assistant judgt-'
of the Probatc Court, ancl Johr-r Sbar-
baro (rururitig f or re-election), Attl'.
Vito B. Cuttone, Atty, Frar-rk De Bartolo, Frank H. Repetto, Robt. P. Rollo, Herrr5 .\. Carro arrcl Arthrrr A. \l:ritra, Jlepublicans.
Before tlre Colunrbus Democrati''
Club of Union City, N. J., Att)'. E.
Vignone recently dclivered an adclrcss
in Italian on the political strength oithc Italian elenre nt in Anrerica. llr.
chairntatr of the ocJ. Cappuccio ttas
casion. Thc (lolumbus I)ernocratic
club celellrated i'Fclirr'rrlr)' its 12th
annivcrsary u'ith a claucc :rt the clulr
quarters in l-l-rion Citl'. rrncler -!!t.
chairmanship of l,Ir. C. Pcluso. llhe
officers of the Club are \fr' 'loscatro.
pres.; Mr. Peluso, vicc-pres.; and lIr'
Clcrrretttc. sec.
!'rank Calabrese, Deputy Comnris-
sioncr of Public Works in tr'fount \'rernon, N. Y., rvas the grrest of honor
recently at a testilnonial dinner given
for him at the Hotel Astor in Ncrr
Y
ork.
Felix Forlenza. Denrocratic leadcr in
Essex Cour.rty, N. J., \4'as recentl)s'r'orn il.r as Assistant District Attorne,r"
in that Countr,. \{r. Forlenza,42, *-as
{ormerly State Represerrtative frolr
South Orange, ancl Juclge of thc District Court ir.r lrr.ington, and he is noq'
president of the Essex Couty ltalial-
American Democratic Lcague ad vicepresiclent of the Italian-Amcrican Statc
Democratic Lcague, of rvhicl-r thc president is X{ichael Scatuorchio, Denrocratic leader of Hudson County.
In New Haven, Conn., thc ltalo-A\{artino u'as
appo;rted to tlLe Nluuicipal Art Conr-ncrjcan sculptor X{ichael
((-ottli.ti:Lted on l)trt1t, 96)
li
'
:.-
-'
ATTANTIIA
in Italiano
to d ancor piir
PROIBIZIONISMO AL BIVIO
di Domenico Lomonico
-
.:- csplessione ,,tO co perche essi sono esllltanti e con
: cn conosciuta da loro anche esultano i rnilioni di
:'. ' :'r
Parlamen::rrlt& parte del lin-
:\mericani che hanno combattutcl
per anni contro una legge che, co-
: r.C SCOTSO, aCl arre-: t::tiC lttxfe? di discOn:
la pii impopolare
- :ata rn questa telra
La proiltizione, se ha ridotto il
co1ls1l1no c1el r'ino e della birra ha
:rurnentato l'uso clei liquori ed ha
,-
c1e1
conservatir.'o ed i
tnutamenti dell'opinione pubblica
f influenzano solo molto piir tarcli.
I "drys"
corlrnrentanclo
il risul,
ta.to cli qllesto r.oto sturico si souo
dichiarati altitast:tnza sotlclisfatti
clel risultato, tnettenclo ir-r rilicvr_r
che essi hanrro ancor:r la rnaggio-
ranza, ma cluesta loro soclclisfaztorre pud essere interpretata comt
nn tentativo c1i aggrapparsi all'unico tangibile segno clella. loro su1,r"errazia. N[,,lto piu si.gniricatir o
- .qislazione Ameri- 11re una cancfena sta consumando
: : :ti: particolarmente e corro<1enclo giustizia
go: -: cliscussioni sul \.erno. Questo risultatoe buon
ha anche ftt il conrtrrcrrt,, rlei "\\els" t.rl es-: . , ,ggetto delle piir conclotto, tr:L i'altro, ad alcune
.ie nelia politica A- moclifiche di qnesta cliscutibile so ha cli molto clirninuita I'irnpor.-. ,:rie
tttttztt cle11e osserrr-aziorri dei
1'ultimo decencome il rapporto di mag(trys ,
. . '....- cotrsumata arte legge,
gioranza
un sottocornitato sul
: - - :te l'arcigna ostr_ progetto cli
I1 Cc.'ngressnr:Ln . Fiorello l,a
l3inghant clella birra al (luarclia
, . . :, ,ibiziorristi furono .l /,r, srrggerenclone
ha ciichiarato clie qtlesto
1'approvazione.
-
' ,
1l
:r;:a volta. ciacchd Ia
' . -.-: in eifetto ia Camc, -- --',.,rtt.uriti i1 14 Nfarzo
- :-'. i:r aIprello nonrina, :r ,) contro il proibi'.
- . nralgraclo che, tec: : _:. r ittoria sia stata dei
' , ': '. "tarono in 227 contro
:: > i primi, come disse
- -:r --r :r i'on. Beck, hanno
:
.. '. :troria di Pirro e
- :-::: c, rr-r un'altra simile
sa-
vit-
- ..'.,ts'' non ar.evano al:r:r".-i1Z\. d'ottenere ul1a
, .:" r;a suificiente a portare
: . t: Con'ritato Giucliziario
..::rcltto la proposta Beck'- - .'.:r Lrer 1a rnodifica del 18.o
,:-::rL-11to, modifica cl-re rap_ ::-. a la ragione della conte-
_ .:t:cor meno speravano di
:- .::-nere i due terzi neces-
:_:: 1'approvazione della Ieg.. :.-1o che essi desideravancr
r ::ellltefo al di li ilelle loro
:,.::i'e fu cli poter far sfoggio
- : _, IOrZe.
'.tt." clel parianento, esercii -',,ro muscoli li hanno tro-
.
-:-icier-rtementc roltusti. Ec-
voto d stato i1 trioufo
cle1
ltartito
liberale ecl ha prerietto che il prossirno Parlanrcnto avri lzr rnaggio.
ranza contro la proiltizionc.
incoraggiato il delitto. E' stato
Piir ottirristico ancora il Conripetuto cosi spesso che l'abolizio- g'ressma11 Ileck ha rlicl-riarato che
ne del proibizionismo darebbe im- i "u,et-s" rrotr avrebltero dor-uto ittpiego a centinaia cli migiiaia di di- tetrrlere firro al prossimo pzrrlasoccupati, clarebbe sviluppo all'a- ilreil1,l rillr t'lre,;Llla lrreVe SeSSiotte
gricoltura e creerebbe pure Lln ce- rlel Congresso nel prossinro Dispite tassal)i1e, assai pii grande di cetnbre saril possibile sottomettere
clualsiasi altro.
di nuovo la qr-re-stione clel rigetto.
[,a. starnp:L clcl paese, in rnaggiorartza
"lr.et" 1'ra clamoro-sarlrente
ERTO e che i "clrys" stanllc,
richianrata
1'attenzione rlel pubora r:rpidamente perdendo blico sul Iatto
che rrn ntutat-nento
terreno e che nolt d con urr :li
soli 21 r.oti trvreltlte controbiingiustificato ottinrisrno che : lanciate
le parti che i clirigenti del
"\\rets" clichiararono che le elezictltVt't-lrlrc|r',lorrtlo
irrrtrrt'
l)artito
ni c1i Novembre saranno pii favoctrgztrtizzarc la piattarevoli agli anti-proibizionisti chc cliat:rnrente
forma " \\,'ct" ol)pure sarebLrerr.
tti y;rcttllizro nisti. NIolti inclizi in- clurante
dicano fortemente che un buor.r i ntento. 1'autunnti falliti nel Jorr'
numero di deputati "drys" saraltI-'arte del "u'easling" t ora nna rimltiazzati da altri che risponclono di piir a1la pubblica opinio- rr'arte del passato e rneglio sar-i
se ambedue ie parti 1o riconoscclre avversa al proibizionisrno.
rernno al piir presto.
Una maggioranza di "wets" nei
I,Ialgrado la depressione il piir
clue parlamenti potri, se non al- granrle rnomento e alrvenimento
tro modificare 1'atto "Volstead" trazionale del 1932 d stato quest..)
per la legalizzazione della birra progresso nella lotta contro il 18.c,
a pii alta percentuale alcoolica, Iimendamento. Questo d il signisecondo la proposta di Bingham. ficato profondo del recente voto
Questo perd richiederi. la maggio- clel Parlamento e ciechi devono
ranza anche ne1 Senato, cosa che considerarsi coloro che non sanno
non d ancor certa, percl.rd il Sena- leggere tra 1e righe.
85
,,1'OPERA
DEI PUPI"
Un Teotro di Morionette o New York
di Ann Fox
"oi4.#*:;]i*:#x,i
talia quanclo voi clonrandate ioro
di inclicarvi i1 teatro cle1le marionette. E, anche se seguite la loro
indicazione potete f aciln.rente oltrepassare, senza notarla, la rrodesta entrata clei teatro del Signor
Manteo. Non e certo meglio i1-
lumir.rata del1'acliacente r-regozio di
pizzicagnolo o della pasticceria e,
malgraclo che il tearro ormai cia
tre anni altltia eletto a suo domr-
cilio quell'anclrone i1 suo nome
non si legge sr-r11a stretta facciata.
Nal.uralmente non si danno bi-
glietti. La
Sigrrora Nlanteo incassa siienziosarrente e timidanlentc il rlrr;u'tel ed ogrruno sceglie il prciprio posto sll uno dei
cluri sedili, nella sala angusta e
senz'aria. Qui d ignorata ogni
nLlo\ra cor-rciuista cle11a meccanica
I)i nuovo intonarro I'esuberante
r-erso di Ariosto, magnificamente
enunziato. E' il Srgnor Mantec
che legge le parti mascliili, adattando ia sua voce e la sua interpretazione ai differenti personaggi. I1 pubblico, corlosce bene le
ma la meclia clegli spettatori
Un cavaliere in lucente arnta- parti,
nordici
iclentihcare i pertura appare neilo stondo. E_ssr.r sonaggi devono
gesti
dai
clel1e marionette.
sembra una creazione cle1la romantica in-rmaginazione oi un gio- E ben si comprencle qual'd il cavane cc,llegiale alla cui rnerrte la valiere che <leclaruzL: scuote il suo
e la sua testa e si avanza
prima lettura di "lvanhoe " ita scudo passo.
un
D:r1la r,cernenza del
ispirato visioni avventurose cli di
suo scuotersi e clel suo gesticolare
cavalieri e crociati. Strana e calaileresca figura. chius:r irr una c,r- si capisce in moilo eviclente chc
cristiana d in subbuglio.
razza cesellata, irnpugna con la l'annata
In
questa
scena lntensa sopravc1e ,tra 1a scialtola, con la sinistra
viene un grigio e gnnzoso ornic1o scudo ecl una penna mutticolore
aclorna 1a sommiti clell'alto elmo. ciattolo. Egli non d modellato
nella stessa eroica pasta da cui
provengono i maestosi Mirmidoni
'I\f PIiO V\rISO scprilla, clie- davanti
ai quali egli balbetta.
tro 1e quinte un campanello.
E' per il pianista il segnale Questa ridicola e inarticolata
di interrornpere. l1 guerriero co- preaturina d, si capisce, Ia parenmincia a declamare con grande tesi comica. Egli d un semplice
eloquenza. Lo scuclo, la sciabola soldato. Il pubblico comincia a
e l'elmo piumato donclolano ritrni- ridere
appena egli posa piede sui
camente, seguenclo la sonora capalcoscenico.
l\Ia quanto egli
denza del verso cl'Arrosro. Anche
chi ignora 1'Italiano lntuisce fa- balbetta basta per decidere i Iucilmente, uclenclo il suo intercala- centi eroi cli Carlo Magno a dilere "miserabili pagarri", che, per i guarsi cla1la scena, sfilando in due
saraceni non vi d merce. nIa cer- ali.
to egli d un cristiano I Nel fondale non d forse dipinto un acIl pianista riprende i suoi strimcampamento e, su ogni tenda, la pellamenti nra
non cala i1 sipario.
croce? Inclubbiarnente d il campo Un
riccc., cr immaginaIubirlico
clei cristiani.
ziong lron ha bisoguo tra un atto
e l'altro nd di siparro nd di ingeE aclesso ecco L11r altro crociato gnosi effetti di luce. 11 braccio di
s'appende ai piccolo fondale poi un deus ex rnachina ripiega il
un aitro, poi un altro ancora. Mar- fondale. Dita misteriose sfdgliazialmente si schierar-ro nello sfon- no 1'una clopo 1'altra 1e scene fino
do, e aclempiono la funzione clel- a quando ne appare una adattata
I'antico coro greco. L'arte ciei al1'atto seguellte. DoLl.,iamo tropupi fu certo introdotta in Sicilia varci nel campo saraceno. Appare
dai greci. Solo parecchi secoli la ntezzaluna, simbolo di Maoclopo 1a marionetta greco-sicula si metto, e sfilano sulla scena i netruccd in difensore della {ede cri- mici della ('ristiarriti.
nella scenografia moderna, ma in
nessull altro teatro Americanu
come irr (lueltu, tuttora vive e regna io spirito rlel teatro arrtico.
11 pubblico d composto, in maggioranza. <1i uomini (spesso non vi
d una sola clonna in tutra Ia sala)
e so11o abitualnrente o1>erai di
tnezza eti". Non una sola testa
impomatata nelia folla; i giovani
entrano co1 ioro lterretto in testa,
nd si scoprono durante tutto 1o
spettacolo. NIolti clegli spettatori
sono analfabeti. nra sono venuti
da lontano, clopo una clura giornata di lavoro per assistere aile
ernozionanti gesta de11'Orlancto
Furioso. Questo pubblico r\ewyorkese, in pieno XX Secolo, assiste allo spettacolo, con io stesso stiana.
spirito che animava gli spettatorr
siculi dell'opera dei pupi ai tempo
A VERSA'l'l LITA' del Signor
Non vi sono due corazze taglia- fL Manteo si esercita nel rafficli Colombo.
te sullo stesso moclello nd cesel- , gurare i tipi saraceni. Egli
Siler.rziosamente questi popolani late con f identico disegno. Non ha
dato bellezza e coraggio ai visi
s'appassionano ad un episodio di r-i sono due penne dello stesso dei cavalieri cristiani
nna storia che loro gi5 cotroscono colore nd due casacche dello stes- et sans reproche" rna"sans peur
i visi dei
e che i loro antenati gii hannc, so velluto. L'insieme d di un pit- pagani hanno un
carattere spetamato. Durante 1o spettacolo si toresco inefiabile. Non vi d ai- trale. I mori sorro
neri e possinti
comportano come in casa di un cuna uni{ormitd dr costume o di i tartari gialli e astuti,
vecchio amico. Fumano, bevono colore nella schiera dei cavalieri sono tlue con la sressa non ve ne
espressiopop, mangiano frutta e nocciole e cli Carlo Magno. I1 fabbro Man- ne. Vi d nella
schiera di Moslem
cospargono il pavimento di cerre- teo mai vorrebbe f oggiare due un palliclo orientale
dai bruni ba{.re, -bottigiie, buccie. Ma il piir corazze uguali nd 1o scultore fetti che, per la sua
aria di digniti
profondo silenzio regna nella slla N{anteo vorrebbe rntagliare nello e_ sig-noriliti potreltlte
raffigtirare
non appena il sipario si alza.
stesso tronco due uguali cavalieri. Kubla Khan in persona. I1 Signor"
86
I-'OP]'RA DEI PLIPI
,
ii,t iilt
;1
11111"
il
i
_ .::- cli questi
- ,ce dura ed
: - . ",:. c1r"rel1a di
ll
i
lltt,,
i
.:
i,. ,,.
LLllllllliL'",
_
t.
'-
Lllilr.,
l{-
:
tii,
:
il,
,.11",,,
-::::a clei capi
:: ,_, s(rlenne di
. :, diritto di
: r::Onaggi al- ' :e_.ta di una
'::iir
I Volete
,.e lle donne
: -.:., --tiri. cottle ve
- - :::.i. L'interpre.:. -: ,la alle belte
., . :rri cl'--\rturo c
: : 'ciate, non ha
-: - : qtlellatracli-:-:'-tison de Ro-
-- .--" cie11'Orlando
'. ..-::ti de11'eroe
di
,",:. :ilf infecleltd di
1 i- 111 llove mesi:
. ilt, stri e draghi
,:. : c.orso c1el1e loro
: .. ': r-.rrO. E ClUeSti
:
-T-
- :. .a prenclere alla
- :ir;.n,li corpi \ e1-.:- nell'aria e clalle
: r ::rlriscono fiamme.
:: - lttttta, Un mOStfO
': :tt;r l,otetc ('onta- .i:' Jrrgu alnto nel-
,:l:r:r1tj111g119 deilo
'-1i
-:
-:
"-:::
: li
ie:
et-
r
j
:le
'i
,,-
aiu
it--
are
-,! |
\{
con tanta rapiditi quanto d umanamente possil>ile agli operatori
cofazzc contro cL)rzt",:zi:
Scllcli
- marirt_
contro scu(li. Le pesar-rti
nettc verrgono ltllciate a\ alltl c
indietro : 1e gricla chc si oclono
clietro 1e quinte traslorrnanr) qucsto {racasso nel piir indiar-oiato
:
panclernonio.
Ah
I
Ora, perd potete resl;irare
in pace. I1 car,aliere rlall:l ircnna
verlniglia 6 cacluto al suolo. Ora
ne1 can'rpo regneri ta pace e g1i
:Lmori e ocli clel r-crcle-piurn:rto
vittorioso si comporra.nno irt relativa quiete.
NIa clal1e quinte a1)parc rin 1rr1ovo nemico. I)i r-ruovo ulr pallrosL)
cornltattimento tiene il r-ristro zrnirno in sosl)eso sint_r a cluantlo
rrno dei cavalieri g,iacc. r irito, nccanto alla prima r,ittima. Capita
spesso all'eroe c1el1a sera di abbattere una <lctzzina cli guerrieri e cli
lasciare sr-r1 palcoscenico, alla hnt:
clel1o spcttacolo, L1n n.rucchio di
inerti corazze e casacche cli r.clluto.
Forse appena cc.rrlpiuto il macel1o per czLnceilare f ir-npressione
vi decidete a iare rlna prosaica
ispezione del dierros.eni. Scostate gli stretti tendaggi a sinistra
,lel l,alt',,sce1ticn e r i ir-oi crete in
fronte a tre fila di cavalierr armati cl-re penzol:rno claile pareti del1a carnerzL. Qui s 1i sono ammucchiate clame dai 1ur-rghi capelli e
cerimoniosi ecclesizrstici. NI:r im.
cavalief i e cla se taglia e cuce r
costumi. L'effetto del suo r-ica_
mo d lussuoso poiche egli combilla ingegrrr,si el[erti ,li r ellrrrr.
Irrot't'lrti tli ricclri t.olur-i, c durature c1i intricato rlisc.gno. potete
strir.rgere ie invi::iltiii mani cire
co5i 1112cr1I'alrlt trte Alitrrirr arro
car alicri. (Jrrt..1e ntiuti irl,l)art(1tgono ai giovani lrurattinai, i cluatr
tro figlioli clel Sign,rr XIanteo.
Snelli e slanci:rti. nra robusti ab-
l.rastzrnza 1)er
ol)crarc txarionctte
rl1'l 1r(.n rli l.l5
ecl nmorismo.
Iil'l,r't t.,)n \.ig.ure
l-a fanciulla che
co-n spirito cosi osllitaie risponclc
alle nostrc rlonr:rnclc cr la loio sr,
rc11a. Essa :L-ssun'le le uar-ti ferrminili. 1'roppo ocLrrll)...'r() iJer rrsprinclere alle r-ristre clomanric ir
il "Giove" clcl luogo riirro gr;r\.clllente Ire.,, ,llrllc Sct it r.usl ,urt.:Lbiliti della clirezione. ()sservando attent:rnrcilte 1a fai,lrresenta{zitrll,.. i e,letC 1aIr oItrr ,fi -[ugg.it;r
un espressir.ri gesticolarc al cli li
cle1le quinte. Sono ie 1tlani (lel
Signor l,Ianteo che trci monlenti
piir critici 1o aiutano acl esprimersi. Iigli legge l:r su:r parrc
appassionatantente c 91i occhi
.Iolgolano rrell'one.t,, i rso. j]1,-
pure egli si pud astrarre anche nel
nronrento culmin:rnte clella ltatta
glia 1rt.r segnalare urr:r t.orrcz-ionc
c) per esprirnere la sua disappi-c.r-
r nzionr. La [aruigiia -\[rrrrtt]u. r i
-:,-: 1':'ere iclea cli cid che
l:It'cro lr, rt;rrr.. si e dedicatn per 80
: i: :- irtrcrre e lo Strepiattrri
all',,llera (lei 1.'rr1,i. Pr-iha irr
.. .. trtr mai assistito ad
Italia poi in Argerrtirrr e firralruer,
. ::: rapprcrelrtazioni. I1
te da otto anni a Nerv \-rtrk.
- :-,: :i ltattc a clue11o, di provvisamente essi hanno percluto
::.,, ,lci cirvalieri, cri- il loro orrendo aspetto. Non sonc,
1.'acenclor.i stracla zrttraveLso l:r
):rl:i€no Secotrdo le cir- piir giganti, sono solo marionette sala gremita rlovete farq attenzio: ,_i, po l. baruffa e 1a alte non pii di tre piecli; sono gli 1re e 1ro11 distrarre ii raccoglimen:.:tcr le lame e a1 conlatleggiarrrcnti a lor,, irrrPosti ch,. to c1c1 pubblico. I patrocinatori
'. :
i >-{ue una Iotta finale dAnno a questi pigmei tanta epica del1a piir alltica f orrna clell'arte
: :.:po.: 1o strepito che grantclezza.
clranrmatica non esiterebbero :r
- .'.:- e p1r.1 grande di quellanciare contro i1 ciisturbatore 11nir
-'.ir:ebbe L1n negozio di
A VlSIONE tlel rlierr.ost.ent l>esterntnia. Ilssi tolierano gli c,- =:r:. durante un violento fIJ, attttrertla il r',r:tro t'isl,ctto pel- stranci prlrche essi si crtnrportino
- Cozzano tra loro corr
il Signor l{:urteo, rna una piir tanto rispettosarnente (irlanto
. .".2x. clre rl'isHrrto r.i co- accurata ispezione clelle ntarionet- stessi. Analfabeti, i()rsc, ma loro
11or
- crlri. ternenrlo che una te e del lavoro di procluzione mL1- sprovyisti cli cultura, i macellai c
i .. -, : icrisca lrei corso del lera il lostro riSI)etto lrr mera\-i- i fornai de1la Piccola Italia trascrr: ::t'-quinario contitattimen- glia ed in ammirazrone. Certa- rano il cinematografo per 1e erotmente alcune tra qr-reste corazze, comiche ar.r.entnre di tlt1 e roc
cosi nobilmente e clelicatamentc. clell'ottavo secolo. Essi sono spl- LL corazze fabbricate clal clisegnate, sono veri pezzr da rntt- ritualmente forse
i direttt disceni.;-:rrr Jlanteo sono tanto seo. N{a il Signor X'ianteo rimar: 1 :1ste quanto que11e uscl- relrbe confuso ed imbarazzato nel rienti cli c1ue1 famoso bandito cl-re
.:- .-,,-,ttega del pii famoso sentire clefinire come arte il suo mise Ariosto in iiberta nol1 appe,1e1 tempo cli Carlomalavoro. E' il Signor \{anteo i'ar- na seppe che i1 suo prlgioniero
,1,: scontri si susseguono bitro clella lnoda clei1e clonne e dei era l'autore ilel1'Orlando Furioso.
'
:t_:
8;
che lo zLclornano e uno dei piir bei
IL RINASCIMENTO SCIENTIFICO ITALIANO libri rnerlici stanrl>ati nel Rinascimento.
Nel 1587 ebbe inizio a lraciova
NELLA STORIA DELLA CIVILTA' EUROPEA f insegnamento
clella patologia per
U,\l-l'-
sia stata la parte
cl"re
rli si grancle fama per i suot scren-
gli studenti stranieri ebbrl- ziati che -\ruato Lusitarrc,
ro trelf insegnamento e par.
ticolanlelrte in c1uello clella mecli.'irta, e rlittto:lratu dallt ttote t'ltt'
si trovano nei libri della nazionc,
<1a11e c1ua1i risulta che frecluentcrrrente i consiliari intervenivarto,
-specialmente per 1a regolarita tiel1c lezioni cl':rnatomia. Che i1 nurnero degli stranieri iscrittr all;i.
rrazione allcmanna fosse rrr .c,nt1 11LrL) auur ento d dirnostrerto dal
iatt,, r'lre rrcl 1587 i vari gnrpl,i
rrazionali rappresentati neiJa nazione. {ra i quali vi erano gii s,,iz-zeri,i 1>oerni, i danesi, i fiatntlin-.
glri. i 1,,,lr,cchi, elessero ciascuno
un loro rappresentante; neli'anno
1.589 scoppid una grzrve cluet'ela
ira gli stuclenti danesi e que1i. prrlacchi.
Gli inglcsi,
cr,rme
fu
<litlostr:ato
Brou'n e X'forirurgo, al-e\':uro fin dal primo irriz:rc'
inviato uu gran lrumero di st'.tcletrti allo Sturlio padovano. Ncl 1-<34
la naziorre "anglica" si dirrisc cla
c1uella "scot:r"; nel 1603 le dlr: rraz-ioni si riunirono ancora un:r volta sotto il titolo di anglica corrrprenclcr.rdo gli inglesi, gli sccizze"r
e g1i irlanrlesi. .I-a na7ione 1lg:lica ave\:a i suoi propri consilia-ri,
il suo bidello e il suo segret..ti 1(l
(notariu-s sive cancelklriu5) ; 'i-rl')ssedeva altresi uua propria biirhoteca ecl :rr-rr-:r speciali privilerli.
clag1i stucli clel
N{a arrche rrelle altre universiti
italiane acrc()rrevano stuclenti stra-
nieri in gralr numero. A
i
Pavia
insegna pcr gli oltramontani gii
nel 1,139 lrilippo D'Allemagna, nel
1484 Obcrto, tedesco, nella Facolti di merlicina; a Siena gli oitra"
montani sono raccolti in una nazione nurrrerosa; a I'erugia la "so
cietas gt:rnla11()rum et gallorttm"
{ondata rrei 1+14 acqnista, dal
principio rlerl (lincluecento, il diritto di eleggere osni terzo anno il
llettore. .,\ lloma I'ospitale dei tedeschi irtitolato cli "S. Spirito rn
S. Sassia" d uu centro clove si raccolgono nral:rti, medici e stuclenti
stranieri; a J3ologna le nazionr
straniere prendono viva parte alla
r.ita univcrsitaria ; Ferrara goder-a
&
lrorto-
ghese cosi scriveva: "Ferraria, ac{
cluam qnicurnque cle re herbarra
veluti cle bona medicina exactarrr
notitiam habcrc clesiclerat, acce11at. cousulo."
f 'l \l I't 111'1' 1N Z.\ tlt.ll'i'segnirl-, rilcrrto lrr)irtorilic0 ill ltalia i
cosi manifesta c cosi nota che
rron d necessario che i<.r ne parlr
piir lungamente.. Permettetemi
soltanto rli ricordare come sia stato allievo e nraestro cle11'universiti padovana il Vesalio che soltanto per 1a illurrrinata protezione
ciella Repubblica potd continuare I
suoi studi. \ro1c1-rer Coiter. fiammingo (153,1-1575), Felice Platter
cla Basilea ( 1535-1614), Gaspare
Bauhin (I57A-rc24) e Pieter Paarv
cla Arnsterclam (1534-1617) turono scolari .1elle universiti italiane" Fra gli anatomisti spagnuoli
ac-cupa il primo posto il \/alcerde de Arnusco che fu allievo di Realdo Colombo e pubblico
nel 1556 una su:r Anatomia rn
spagnolo che cbbe una grandrssfma cli{fusione c fu fra i liltri piir
letti e piir stucliati clel Rinascimento.
Chi pensi al fatto che in Italizr
gli anatomici avevano a loro disposizione una quantiti di cadaveri, cosi chc il Colombo affernrava di averne esamirrati piir di un
rnigliaio, potri {ar:ilrnente spiegare il motivo per ii c1uale cla tutto
monclo gli stu<lenti accorl'e\iano
nelle universiti itairane.
Non meno importanti {urono i
rapporti fra 1'Italia e gli altri paesi d'Europa con riguardo alla chrrurgia; cid d facile comprendere
come consegtlenza ciel progresso
negli stucli an:rtomici. 11 Darenrberg nella sua magnifica Storia atferma che 1a chirurgia in Franci:r
{u insegnzrta dagl'italiani e giova
ricordare a clr"resto proposito l'opera rli Guiclo Guidi, fiorentino,
che fu uredico clel re tli Francia e
pubblicd :i I':rrigi nel 1544 nella
tipografia cli Pietro Gautier, cluel
ii
magnifico libro: "Chirurgia
e
graeco in latinum con\rersa" che
anche clal punto cli vista tipografico per' 1e magnifiche illustrazronr
88
di G. R. da Monte e furono
suoi allievi il Van r{eurne e lo
Schrevelius di Leida che portarono poi l'insegnamento clinico in
opera
del Prof. Arturo Costiglioni
Olanda, ove esso raggrunse
il
suo
piir grande splendore.
I-o studio delle scienze naturalr
rinasce iu tttra concezrone nuova,
eminenternente italiana, nell'ope-
ra di Andrea Nfattioli, senese, che
raccolse in un libro monumentale i frutti di lunghe osservazioni
e di stucli accuratissimi. La sua
opera ebbe un'enorme diffusione
in tutti i paesi di E,uropa, una serie di edizioni fuori d'Italia e costitui per quasi tre secoli il testo
classico di farmacotoiga. Non
meno profonda fu I'influeriza esercitata dall'opera di Ulisse Aldrovandi, bolognese, protomedico e
insegnante nel1o Studio zoo ogo
e botar.rico, che {onclo I'orto e il
museo di storia naturale di Bologna, e quella di Andrea Cesalprno
che Linneo considerd il primo a
gettare solide basi per Ia sistemazione bota;rico e de1 quale il Nordenskjoeld scrive che il suo sistema d il prirno il quale si fonda
essenzialmente sull'esarne morfologico comparato.
t< >F
>F
(ll.), cotrre alrbiarrro listo, duran) t" tutto il Cinquecento da o-
gni parte d'E,uropa accorfevano in Italia gli studenti stranieri,
non d meno degna di interesse I'opera spiegata dagf italiani che furono chiamati in paesi stranieri ad
esercitare la loro professione e a
far lezione nelle universiti. Citiamo alcuni fra i pii illustri:'
Giolani I,[anarcli fu per lunghi
anni meclico clel re d'Ungb"ria;
Luigi \'Iarliani, milanese, fu consigliere cli Nlassimiliano I e di
Carlo \'r; Giulio ,\lessanclrini, di
Trento, meclico delf imperatore
F'erdinando I; di Nf assimiliani II
e di Rodolio II; il Mattioli e Giovanni Planerio; Prospero Borgarttcci, natito di (;rrrziallo 1)ress()
Gubbio, fu lungo tenrpo alla corte
di Francia; Leonardo Bottalio, astigiano, rnedico del re di l.'rancra
Enrico III; Giovanni Argentero,
nato a Castelnuovo in Piemonte
nel 1513, fu per pin di 5 anni medico a Lione e vi ebbe grandissima fama. Ivi praticd lungamente
anche Paolo Minuzio di cui parta
d
iffui-sanr
ente
il
Tiraboschi.
,,ATLAN'IICA" IN ITALIANO
89
dissima fama. L'anatomia che
prende il suo grande sviluppo tn
Olanda e in Francia, ha ancora
-\pollonio Menabeno, filosofo e il suo punto di partenza nelie
."lico milanese, erudito nella scuole italiane e ii neo ippocrati-: :ia naturale e coltivatore delta smo che ne1la scuola inglese di
.csia latina, fu medico del re di Sydenham giunge al suo Puntc)
- . tzia Giovanni III e pubblicd piir insigne in questo secolo, ma.- 1581 un trattato intorno al nifesta ad evidenza 1e relazioni
delle grandi scttole nordiche con
-r:scr € riflusso delle acque intorquelle italiane.
a Stoccolma.
Due illustri medici italiani eA proposito di questi rapporti
-tricitarono 1a medicina in Polo- internazionali, che io credo si pos:-ra : 1'uno {u Antonio Gazio che
sa clirc nati in Ttalia, d importani:a stato studente a Pac1oi.a, i'ai- te accettnare a qttello clile ne lt1
,:o Jacopo Ferdinancli da Bari che r.rno dei fattori piir iinportanti e
--- reco in Polonia e {u meclico di
cit-rd 1a {ouclaziotte del1e Accacle. e Sigisrnondo II e pubblico a
mie scientifiche. I-'r\ccademia riei
--racovia nel 1542 un trattato sur- J-incei, fondata a Rorna dal Prtn,a preservazione dal1a peste. Al- cipe Federico Cesi, ebbe scienzia-a
medesirna corte visse verso ii ti stranieri Ira i srroi prlml e plu
-571 Nicold Buccella, padovano. ragguardevoli soci, e di questi io
--hiamato a medico ciai re Stefano
voglio clui fare soltanro'Ii nome dt
: che ivi mori ne1 161U,
Giovanni E,cchio. Sono queste
x{<*
Accademie che rapidamente sI
n I: rlontr
cuesto rauirlissimo esa- f ondano nelie citti italiane, in
Frarr) ,r'" '.uli" relazi.,ni cultttrali Germania, in Inghilterra, inscientrricerche
delle
i
centri
cia,
oi
fra l'Italia e g1i altri paesi
Enropa nel Rinascrlxento noi cer- fiche in un'epoca nella quale si no.'l'Liarnr, di esaminal'e qtlallto a\'- ta una <lecadenza delle universiti,
i enne nel Seicento, ePoca nella troppo irrigidite nella forma dotrluaie 1a scienza sperimentale si trinaria. Esse raPPresentano una
molto imPortante nella stoaffermd definitivamente, uoi tro- tappa
\-eremo che clues'epoca cli grar' c rii clella diffusionc clel pensiero
situazione politica ecl economrca scientifica perchd. t1-.rantttnqtte 1e
per I'Italia, non 1nei1o che per -la -\ccarlernia aIpartettgorto ttt trtt 1,riilermania clesolata da guerre reli- 1xo tempo a quell'organt: tlrtl chiugiose fierissitne. segtta il lrerio<t" so, retto da proprie leggi tr r ir-ennel qttale la l'rarrcia. 1'Olanrla c te entro proPri confini che e la
L'Inghilterra si avviantl erlla masst- repubblica dei dotti, pii tarcli. vermailoridezza. In quest'ePoca nol so 1a hne del Cinquecetrto e al
notiamo come 1o scambio di rclec principio del Seicento, per il tatto
che nelle Accademie si raccolgere cli cognizioni fra l'ta1ia e gli al
no
anche persone estranee al celo
nreno
vivact:
tri paesi, pur essenclo
degli
studiosi per professione.,
ftiuascrnel
chc
raPida
e meno
rnento, si mantiene pur selnpre a.c' perchd esse aclottano corle lingua
sai vir.a. N{arcello \IalPlght d'uso la lingua naziouale, specialcreatore clella rnoclerna anatomia rnente in Italia. esse fanno un
deile piante preseuta i sttoi s+rlcli gran passo sulla via della pop.,Iaalla deale Sbcieti cli Londra' il rizzazione clella cultura. Poco a
Harr-e}' clopo aver studiato a Pa- poco le Accacleruie, apputtto per
clov:r con Fabrizio D'AcquaPen- questo motir.o, soverchiano cli irrclente dif{onde i risultati dei surir portanza le universita, te quafi
studi quasi simultaneamente i't continuano a rnantetretsi strettaFianclra e in ltalia, in Inghilterr';L nlente conser\'atrici .i1ie arrticire
e in Germania; Nicoid Stenone, t tar liziorr i.
clanese, d allievo diligentissimcr
nell'Universiti di Pisa; Ola{ Rucl- ar()NO rlella hrre llel \si('s11[.
lreck, sveclese, compie i suoi stucli D printi gi,,rrtali scietttihci tra I
quali i1 "-l ouruai tles Savants"
piir importanti in qr-rella di Paiuce.a Parigi nel 1675: ma
r,edJla
JJruxda
Spigelio
cicir.a. Adriano
eiles stuclid a Padova, or-e tu t- d interessante notarc che i1 Primo
de
scritto negli albi clella nazione giornale politico, la "Gazete un
germanica e clal 1618-16?:l tenne France". sia statci creato c1a
ftinsegnutr.rento de11'anatomia. Ti medico, Teofrasto Renauclot, che
furono ancora insegnanti cli origi- fu certatl ente 11o11 1.l1e1lo abtle
ne straniera in ltalia Giovanni giornalista che sapteute organlziatore gelriale cli stabilimenti rtl
\\'-esling e Giovanni Giorgio Wir- 'Irertellccttz:t
t rli istitrrli 1)cr I 1)('gratlcll
anatomici
sung, enttamlti
;abriello Frascati da Brescta
:hiamato alla corte di Filippo
- :e di Spagna intorno al 1580.
:
1
r.eri. E le relazioni fra. l'Italia e
la .Francia si rnanifcstano cosi vive che tre anni clopo Ia comparsa
clel giornale scier"rtifico francese st
comincia a pubblicare per opera
dell'abate Francesco Nazari, professore a Roma, il "Giornale cier
I-etterati" e nel L672 il "Giornale
\reneto dei Letterati" ciel Moretti
che riportava frequeutemente notizre e cenni del giornale francesc.
Se noi cerchiamo di riassunrere
brer.emente i1 risultato clelle nt.'stre osservazioni giungeremo alla
conclusione che i1 I{inascimento
scientifico. e particoiarmente quel-
c delle scienze
naturali, ha inizio in Italia, con-
1o de1la rnedicina
temporaneamente al Rinasciurento dell'arte per i nreclesirni motivr,
e ciod ie condizioni dell'amlriente
e i fatti politici e sociali; esso ha
le medesime caratteristiche e ciod
i1 formarsi delf inclir.itlualismo, I
litorno agli stucli rlei classici, i.appassionato amore <lelta uzrtura.
Il Rinascirnento scietrtifico italiano del Cinclueceuto segna I'inizio di una serie cli c()rrenil clllttl-
rali cla11'Italia a tutti i paesi d'Ettropa. Questo morrimento intellettuale d cleterminato c1allc traclizioni cle1le scuole italiane, clalla
libetti cleifinsegnanent(). <1a11a
ricchezza del1e colleziotti esistenti
in Italia, dall'ordinamento degf insegnamenti anatomici, clal1'uso
c1el1a lingua latina corne lingua
scientihca,
infine
clalla grancle at-
tiviti scientifica delle statuperic
italian
e.
I1 centro
tli tlueste relazioni
cttl.-
lrrnrli risit',le itt ttrt Irittt,, tetttp.
nelle Universit.i italiarle, o.e acc:orrono stuclenti d'ogni Parte
d'Europa; nello scatnbio di niaestri e t1i rrre,lici lrit le virrie Univeristd e le Corti. Iu un seconcl,,
tempo, verso il principio de1 Seicento con la clecadenza delle L'nfi ersiti italiane, le Accademie assumono cludsta fttnzicine ; cluincli
col sorgere clei giornali scientific'.i 1o scambio rlelle relazioni cuiturali cliviene sempre piir intenso.
l-e scuoie italiane del Rittascinrettto, e Paciova in prima linea,
so11o le fucine clel movimento
scientilico de1 Rinasctmento, sra
nel catnpo degli studi biologici che
in quelio clegli studi sperimentali.
A Pador.zl si concentra tutto ii
movimento scientifico internazronale, ivi stu<liano tutti gli uomini
piir insigni cl'Europa, dal Vesalio
a Vorstio, cla Copernico ad Harr'€I. Dalla scuola italiana, iu un
iLrnirio trovitlentoi' f insegtlat-tletr-
ATLANTICA, APRiL,1932
90
to fondamentale del quale Leonar-do aveva espresso il programma
con le parole "saper vedere" e Galileo 1o concludeva col detto "la
natura d scritta in lettere matematiche," i1 Rinascimento scientrhco
ha il suo inizio. Da questo grande movimento verso 1a veritA e
verso 1:i liberti" dello studio, movimento estetico e storico di frorrte a quello rir,oluzionario e iconc.rclastico clella Germania luterana,,
traggono origine o conforto gl1
stu<1i in ogni parte d'Iiuropa. Lo
spirito e Ia trarhzione delle scllole
italiane rivive in Olancia e in Inghilterra, in Francia e in Gernania e ciuando, nel Seicento, la potenza politica rlltatta segna uri
periodo di decader.rza e le grandi
scuole francesi, olandesi ed inglesi, piir tardi quelle tedesche, raggiungono una grande iloridezza,
1e relazioni intellettuali con le
scuole itaiiane si mantengono.
Cosi nel campo della diffusrorre
de1le idee scientifiche l'Italia del
Rinascimento ebbe una parte delle piu importanti. Dominata in
gran parte dagli stranrerr essa rrrrase clominatrice nelle scuole e
ivi accolse fraternamente g1i allievi da ogni parte del monclo. Cosi
essa intese ed esplicd f iclea che Ia
sclenza non collosce confini e che
il
conc-etto clell'umanitd cne assegna all'uomo il suo posto nel coslno e ne lfssa le leggi, sovrasta
,,l1re i limiti dello spazio e del
tempo.
- LA SUA
MESSINA
RINASCENZA ARTISTICA
di Sonte Giovonni D'Arrigo
ARTENDO dal1e
torio Emanuele gi:i quasi completamente restaurato, ecco lassir la
chiesa di i\{onte Vergine e il Tempio Votir-o, ecco laggiir la bella
lanterna del Montersoli col candiclo braccio del molo de1 porto che
si piega garbatamente pronto per
Calabrie,
Nlessina mollenrente adagia-
ta su1 versante Orientale dei
monti Peloritani, appare con i
suoi paesi litorali, come una splendida collana di gemme. 11 profilo
frastagliato e mosso dalle montagne irnponenti si risolr.e verso destra piegandosi dolcemente verso
l'estrema punta del Faro; mentre
verso sinistra si prolunga in un
prolilo morltido, onduiantesi mollemente verso 1e rocche di Taormina a1 clisopra delle quali si affaccia, col candore cie11a sua neve
quasi l)erenne sotto 1'enigmatico
pennacchiu di funro sventolarrte.
maestosa, 1'E,tna; e poi ancora
sfumanclosi ne1la calma e tranquilla linea c1ella protesa striscia di
terra che pare cluasi si ior.rcla e si
unifichi con 1a linea serena del
mare che tutto circonda !
'l'utto quelf insieme di linee, di
luce e di colori d una sin{onia che
culmina nel
rnaestosc.r cle11'Ittna
che si erge mastodontica, solenne
!
Ed ecco poi che la citti viene a
voi e vi presenta 1a sua nuova vita. Si scorge il lago di Ganzirri;
la villa }'{azzini si affaccia tutta
vercleggiante sul mare; ecco
Iazzo del Governo,
il
pa-
il l{unicipio,
la magnifica mole dell'abside merlata del Duomo, 1a elegante cupo1a clella Chiesa
dell'Annunziata. il
tr:Lgrrilico neo-classico teatro
Vit-
clarvi I'abbraccio cli benvenuto.
\iedrete tutto questo paesaggio
nobile e bello; nrzi purtroppo non
r"eclrete piir quelia sorridente {anrosa p:rlazzata che si specchiava
nel porto di cui faceva corona magnilica e rnonnmentale. Di essa
palazzata ne setrtitete solo pariare e continuamente, clal sentimentale e gentile popolo rnessinese,
con nostalgia, come clella cosa piil
cara perduta e che non si potri
piil dimenticare ! Forse neinche
cluando. in un clornani che cl auguriamo non lontano, si veori a1
srlo posto que1la mole grandiosa
g ML ternpo leggiadra progettata
clal f'rof. Autore ed altri r-iircitore
del concorso.
Messina ebbe origini antichissi,
me cl-re si perdono ne11e leggende
dei poeti. Nel srr,, rlominio sl succedettero popoli cli origine cliversa
e tutti lasciarono traccie clella Iort_r
civilti.
Perd N{essina iche vanta
anche di essere stata un notevole
centro di cultura umanistica nella
seconcla meti del sec. XV) fu Pat
ria rli artisti
e-rancle
glc,r'iosi qrrali : il
Antonello c1a Messina, i1
primo a diffondere la pittura ad
olio in Italia, le cui opere sparse
in tutto il mondo (un ritratto di
uomo dal1o sguardo penetrante zr
lui attribuito d qui a New York
nel l,Ietropolitan X, useum) lo
pongono tra i piir niirabili analizzatori e riproduttori clella fisionomia umana, il famoso F. Juvara
che dal Milizia fu ritenuto i1 piii
grande architetto del suo tempo.
:\, Rodriguez, Antonio Carclillo,
Salvo D'Antonio, l';\librandi, il
figlio e i r-ripoti c1i .\ntonello, il
Ouagliata c tanti altri che vi lasciarono ornra inclelibile riella loro
arte armonic-,sa e be11a.
trSSINA quincli conservav:r
oltre che opere cli scultr-rra
di be1la fattura e opere cli
pittura meravigliose cli cui molte
ricordavano i1 dominio assoluto
cl're vi ebbe 1a scuola de1 grande
Antor-rel1o, era arricchita di costruzioni artistiche pregevoli nella vivace policromia, ne11e linee
purissin-re e nel fasto che perpetuar.a i1 gusto 51i quel sno grande
Juvara, che fu cosi caro alla corte
Piemontese
e
Spagnuola,
e
del
{antastico Guarino Gr.rarini.
F'ra tante opere d'arte, {ra tanti. tesori. perd, que116 che piir iilunrinar.a 1a bellezz,a artiitica cli
Nlessina era i1 primo sorriso norI)l?"1)l-lr r
- ,, tlee'li, r. il sorr.iSO rlr,l,
Ia calattclisl ica ;r1.tc .i..iliana, rli
r1ue1)'artr arrrrorriosa, nrirabile erl
origirraie cr-eata rpprlnto per r.ivc.
re 1i e solo lil" in
qr_relf isola del
un fiore cli serra.
I)-fatti. se i Norr-r-ranni. innrstanclo la loro arte (che a\ievallri
appresa clai Con-rocini) con quella
gii. tanto rigogliosa e ralfinati chc
trt trovarono,
la ltizantina e la
- subiror-ro il fascimoresca, di cui
tro,
avevano potuto creat-c
un'architettura tutta ltrlovzt che rtsulta una unitd mirabile ecl originale, cid appunto fu perchd tile
ictrza creatla perr.enne dalle sca,
turigini della razza siciliana e clal
r-neraviglioso speciale adattamento al paesaggio sul quale dovev:L
sorgere ed all'az-zttrro che n'era
so1e, corne
I'anima.
Architettura che "bench6 nata e
cresciuta e fiorita sotto i re nornranni, e in gran parte per opera
loro, ( ha scritto f illusire aichitetto Boito) d architettura siciliana. . . . L'Arte di Sicilia fu cr-eata
in Sicilia, d intera e una, non imita questa o que11'arte straniera,
simboleggia n-reravigiiosamenfe ia
r.ivace fantasia, 1'a1to ingegno,
l'inckrle, i1 costurne, 1a storia tutta
,,ATLAI.{ ItrCA', INI ITALIANO
clel popolo siciliano. Niuna arte
6
piir originale, niuna pii razionale."
Cosa d rimasto di tanto
- artistico che era pro{uso
tesoro
nel seno di Messina ? E' cosa
rnolto triste il pensare che quanto
generazioni alacri, pazienti e geniali avcvano l)rclraralo. curato,
un sistema nronolitico che,
per la sua elasticit:\ clovuta ai suoi
11larne
llrlr:t'oli di acciaiu, si 1rIesrttilcr':L
ben resistente agli -.iorzi piit pelir:ul,r>i dr rr tlti ;Llle iorze t)rizzuDtali r r,elticali prockitte cl:r11c scosse onclttlattiric c -st.tssr-rltoric del
terrcnroto. Inoltre, che i fabbrireso glorioso ec1 amtrirevole, ven- cati nt.in iives-sero uua troppo larne quasi cotnpletamente clistrut-io, ga ba-.e e c-he uon iris,*ero cli a'lannientato c1a un'irrrprovr.isa con- tezzil sLlpcriritc a metri dieci, :r1lezza cb.e aclc's,oo d lrort:'"ta a mcvulsione de11a terra I
Passato i1 primo periodo di tri dorlici per g1i cdifici courttui e
smarrimento 1a operosa, patriotti- zr rnetri cluattorrlici per: c1uel1i nroca e gentiie popolaziotre che si nurncutali. Ii cir) percl-re si r-ietle
sentiva gii. sacrilicata ne1le ba- a ricltrrre cosi ir ttllc.zz.a 1:L uas,.a
racche che presentavano i disagi osciilante c1'e cluct,to piil e clist:ur
del provvisorio, pensar.a, con le- tc rlalla base tzrnto piir lorternengittimo orgoglio e,l inrnrerrso a- te esercita 1o sforzo ue1la stntttttnore, a fare risorgere la srra citti r:r che si ritiene cofile u1l:r filelrsciamata e per come era pr,rna del 111 . tttcglir' 1111 f il;1-11',t itl(':t-11';t1,,
terremoto se f osse stato possi- nc1 terreno.
bile!.""
/^UItPLliS) \ .i l,rtsetttaia lli
U q 1r c s 1 i,, lt e archittttolliclt.
ICOSTRUIRE la citti eviN{essina ave \':I Ll11it fisionoclentemente era L1n probiema rnia stolica artistica pro{usa nei
moito serio, sia per la que- srlo selr() che p:rrla'''a un lit-rguagstione economica, sia per quella gio eloc1r-rente, che si cloverta ricostruttiv:.1, sia per que1la archi- spettare e colla cluale lo sviluPo
tettonica.
futuro clover,a essere conciliato.
Per la cluestione economica fu Per il suo climzr, per i1 suo sPirito
provr.ecluto ; perd non in modo coloristico policrono, per la giosodclisfacente; tanto che ancora si conditi della sua 1uce, N'Iessinzr riher nrolto lrisogno clc1 benevoltr chiecleva c<.rstruzioni con grancli
aiuto clel go\rerno.
porte d'ingresso, scale amPie e aLa questione c1e1 sistema co- riose. facciate cou terrazze e balstruttir.o si presentava molto gra- coni. X.'Ia, se la personaliti singt,rr-e ecl interessante. Come garan- 1a c1i t-rgni artista era irlfluenzata
tir e, o rlreglio, come difenclere le t1a1l'ambiente, dalla {orza r,iva deln'ri()\'e t 0s,rLrzioui c1:t uu uuovo e- 1a ct,,scentlcnza artistica cle11a
venttt:Lle tcrremoto che potesse \Iessina cle1 passato, 11on pc)tevit,
t1'a1tro canto, tton seguire Je tltr':,creare un nuo\:o {1age1lo?
r,e
tendenze, le organiche e r:rztc,Questo problerna fu studiato
accuratamente e cor.r genialiti. clal- nali concezioui verso le c1ual;. l'erf illustre Prof. A. Dalruso. del R. chitettura meglio si orientar':r tloPolitecnico c1i \{iiano. che in un 1-ro lischiarato il buio clello stil.e
congresso c1i ingegneri, ne1 190!.)
faceva tu"ra geniale e clotta comunicazione, illustrando un sistema
tli calcolo che climostrarra come 1:r
ecletticr.r r-rel cluale si braucicolar,a.
zrntisismica.
riz,zc.tnti. Perchd non si puo ciire in
struttura in cemento arnrato dir
lui presa in esarle risultasse sodtlisfacerrtc 1)er una cr,strttziolre
Perd, era logico che in que:rti Periodi di travaglio delia ricerczr <-1el
nrlovo, not-t ci si clovesse altbanclorlare ciecamente a tutti gli acrobatismi, specie stranieri che non
sempre si aclatt:rvano a cluegli o-
9T
rit-tnovato da una visione moder-
na. liquilibrio raggiunto
con I'ac-
cettare la linda sempliciti moderna innestandovi caratteri tradizio-
nali fusi armaniosarlerrte con
le
caratteristiche c1e1 p:resaggio naturale.
Nfessina ne ha nroltc c1i questc
opere. Io qui limito a clire solcr
di quella che rapprcscrrta 1a sintesi c1i tanta sana tendenza ciell'arte di Ntlessina, cioe ciel "Palaz
zo cli Giustizia" che ne1 suo genere d ritenutci da critici autorevoli
uno dei rnigliori c1e1 nrondo.
Arcl-ritettura concepita dalf il-
hlstre architetto Piace ntini, con
arte r.erzrruente rzrziorr:r_ie per a;
.
lnoniositii 11i Icirn-re, purezza di sti,
1e, semplicita c1i linee. Composizione ecluilibrata nella sua maestositi serena e solenne. Vero
'I'empio deila Giustizia che rapptesenta non 1a pesantezza dei tiranni. nd 1a Iredcl ezza rlei cinici ;
n-ra la cailna sereniti dei savi I
Creazione rrirabile, rrobile, anche
nelf interno clove ogni sala di udienza, con la sua n.ristica abside
e col suo insieme di una solenniti
semplice ecl arlsterzt", f orma 111r
ternpio divirr,,. C'onceziorre nuova, originaie che esalta, che inspira, suscita iirismo e religiositi
!
* '1. t<
rrel ('anlpu rlell'architettura
QE
L) lrrolana in Ilessirra si sorro
fatti e si debbono ancora tentare esperinrenti, ne1 campo del1'architettura sacra, inr.ece, cid d
statcr cli{fici1e anzi, ciirei quasi sa,
ri
impossibile fino a <1uanclo nor,
si sia gii affermata un'arte pura,
r-eratrente clegna cli fa_i e epoca.
Perche l'edificio c1i carattere religioso d legato a particolari funzioni ed istituzioni di secolari tradizioni.
Si comprencle quincli cor',e 1'Ar,
civescovci cli Messina, S. E. NIonsignor Paino, anirna profonclamente religiosa e cristiana, di fine
sensibiliti estetica, non fosse in
sostanza propenso per nuovi tentativi cli traclizioni troppo diverse
dal suo temperamento e dalle sue
Non d qui rnio compito, perd, VerO iltOderno e tattl, ) lileil{ t rAZl)parlare in merito a tale interes- nale solamente quanto fa intravvesantissin-ra corrunicazione, nd cli clere 1o sforzo contiuuo per la ri- intenzioni. Piuttosto si contenaltre relazioni che si sono succe- cerca er.oluta del nuovo, e fa siog- tava riallacciarsi alle forme classiclute, nd cli tutti i provveclimenti gio e si contenta solo clella nudi- che cosi sq uisitamente italiane
che il l{inistero competente ebbe ti e della rigtdezza scheletrica del (pur se rinnovate da una visione
la premura di irrendere. N[i limi- centento arnrato, rinuncianclo acl moclerna) che si illuminava da1la
to solo a clire che in seguito ai det- ogni sia pur minima {orma di cle- luce fulgicla e diffusiva del genio
nostro !
ti ec1 altri str,rdi le prescrizioni uf- corazione o ingentilimento.
In sostanza. tutti quei plogresPercid specie per 1a costruzione
ficia1i ordinavano cl-re le costruzioni antisismiche dovessero ave- si che l'architettura razionale ha c1i alcune del1e chiese pitr imporre struttura in cemento armato fatti in N{essina si sono seguiti tanti, r'olle a collaboratori artisti
composta cla membratura vertica- passo a passo. E, si sonct fatte cli grande valore neile cui vene
li e orizzor-rtali resi solidali da for- clel1e opere in crri c'd dello stile scoiresse il sangue puro delle mi-
ATLANTICA, APRIL,
92
gliori tradizioni italiane. Connulrio ideale per lo studio di una
chiesa quando collaborano la potenza espressiva ed eloquente del1'artista e 1o spirito asceta, mistico cii chi sente intimamente le e-
sigenze, tritta
la religiosit)
del-
I'ambiente clestinato a diventare il
tenrpio di Dio.
Cornpito cliffici1e e delic:rto, evi-
tlenternente, que11o cle11'Uificio
tecnico arcivescovile che :rveva ed
ha ancora. come capo I'Ing. Barbalo, giovane di belf ingegno, e come
collaboratori gior.ani ingegneri intelligenti e cli bella capaciti. creativa. Quanti istituti e chiese, ir-r
citti ed in provincia,
vennero
create da quei giovani con viva
scnsiiriliti. artistica ed eseguite con
alnore palpitante c1a uscirne ciei
gr:rziosi gioielli cli architettrrra
Di ogni progetto grandioso, anche
affidato per la direzione so1a, veniva intercettata ogni minima sfumatura, ogni reconclita armonia
che vibrasse in esso. X,lessina
quindi ha gii ed avri ancora delle
opere che ricorderanno nei secoli
non solo l'artista creatore, tna anche l'opera amorosa, seyera e tnagnifica cli S. E. Paino, ed il saggio
e bener.ole aiuto del Governo-che
ne ha permessa ec1 agevolata la
costluzione.
11 Duomo gid riappare con quella fulgida bellezza, con quella slla
festosit) policrom:r che illuminava la N essina di una volta.
E' tornato a sorridere nuovarnente quel lneraviglioso portale
cli ricca e fantastica vegetazione
!
1na1111orea. Fastosa composizione
<li geni
sbizzarritisi in traforare e
intagliare i1 m:rrmo in forme svariate e fantastiche che appaiono in
un perpetuo rnoto gentile di fogliame e ligurine cl-re cantano gloria alla Vergine incoronata.
Dopo avere ammirato f insieme
equilibrato della facciata, con le
sue rnerlature che sembrano tante
braccia protese verso I'E,terno Pa-
clre; ammirate quelle
candide
transenne delle be1le fir-restre che
sembrano tanti magnifici e prezio-
si ricami traforati e lavorati
da
rnani delicate e rrirtuose; la doviz.ia dei colori delle fasce orizzontali che continuono poi fastose e
r.ir-aci nel corpo laterale deila elegante sacrestia clalle preziose finestre; que11e porte laterali dalle
slanciate e ricche forme ogivali;
quella porta centrale che s-embra
una visio4e di sogno; clopo avere
ammirato tanta bellezza, dicevo,
il rr,,.tr', sl)irito rirrrane l)l.esn. e-
T932
saltato, aflascinato e sente il senso clel prodigio, clel sublime, dei
I )ir,ino !
C\I-T. Ilanco sirristr,r ri:orgera
) neiiissirno. l)er collle era ul:l
r,rilta, i1 campanile (adesso e
in costruzione). Sar-i fornito di ru.r
sistema rappreselltatir.o specialr
cli orologeria che* 1o renclerzi uno
rlci piir intercssanti cle1 monclo.
()ltrepassata la porta solenne si
rimane impressionati, co11titi, <1.r11a
grandiositi e maestositi clelf interno. l-a pianta del tempio d la
croce latina ; 1:i nar-ata centrale
molto piir anrpia e glandiosa delle
clue laterali ciir,ise da sontuosi coionnati cli.cui le prime clue di mar.
mo a venatrrre policrorne e le altre
cli granito egiziano con capitelii
fastosi e clelicati; il pavimento, arabeschi geometrici di marmo variopinti, il soffitto arabeschi clipinti a colori vivaci e fantastici con
una armonia meraVigliosa.
Le pareti cielle navate minori
rompono Lln po' c1ue11'uniti che sarebbe stata ottenuta se si fosse
cercata una soluzione tazionale:
e fanno rimanere un po' come
smarriti . NIa poi subito, ci vince,
ci af{ascirra la grandiositi delf insieme, la" rrccltezza fastosa c1eila
r-arieti de11e clisposizioni delle
parti, la rloyizia dei colori, f indciinito fascino delle varie tinte della
luce che iiron<la la penombra di riilessi cli varie tonaliti delicate.
J'utto d stato collocato con Ia
nreclesirna raffrnatezza di particolari e con amorosa cura e t.lnra a
sentire 1e dolci e mistiche meloclie
clel granclioso organo che perfe;:ionato c arricchito d clit'enuto uno
rlei rnigliori clel morrclo
!
Jlir,ivono ancora nei rnosaici
cie1le absicli con originali acceuti
cli linee ed accordi di colori le figu-
re clei Santi e clei Re genu{lessi
perduti nel loro sogno di umilti c
d preghiera. E. se si rimane col.
piti dalla raffi.natezza c1e11a tectrica e dallo scluisito senso artrsticrt
dell'arte bizantirra de11'etii pir\ bei,
la che contribuisce cosi e{ficacr:.
mente all'esaltazione religiosa, si
rimane inrpressiorrati, rapiti, a f fnscinati quando si e posti sotto il
donrirro tiello sgrrartlo perretrarrt.'
e dolce e del gesto soienne e rnisericordioso del Redentore bene<licente clai rnosaico c1e11'absi<le
centrale che splende sotto ii cic1o sfavillante rl'oro I
f 'ELECANI'E basilichetra dclI-z
l',{11n11nziata dei Catalani e.
clificata nel 1150, di cui poi gli
-\.r'agonesi 1re avevano fatta Cap-
gizi d stata corupictarnente restallrata con cura dell'Uipe11:r lteerle,
ficio llonumenti. Questo gioiellr_r
rli architettura
\ onumento Nazionale -- co11- 1:r sua ra{finata e
zrrrnoniosa policrornia geometrica
rese clagli intarsi di pomice cli la.
r.a cli vario cr-rlore e mattoni, for1na rlna unitti nrerar.igliosa che
raccoglie 1:r raf nate zza clell'artc
zLralta serrsibile ne11'esterno del['abside clecorat:r cla archetti sostenuti da eleganti ecl esili colonnine,
ed il senso artistico equilibrato
clerll'arte norllranna. Uniti. mirabile e originale che si mani{esta
anclie neila Chiesa S. Maria della
\ra1le (cletta la TSadiazza) di cui
riruangono preziose vestigia che
nrzLnifcstano una Lrellez.ra ar:uouiosa e magnifica. I1 suo interno
originale per 1e sue decorazioni e
conchette, ad archi ogivali elegantemente sianciati gli uni sugli al"
tri, a volticelle cmisferiche con gli
spigoli addolciti da eleganti colonne clai capitelli delicati e rir:ciri:
c\ cli urr {estoso chiarcscuro r-era.nrente amrnirevoie
1L
!
Itestaurata anche e stat:l la bella basilica cli S. Francesco cl'Assise. La sua absicle, dalle eleganti
linestre allungate, 6 di una beller7.a \ieramente Francescaua.
(.)uasi cornpletamente ricostrui1a bella chiesa t1i Nllontever-
ta i
q'in
e, sitrrata su1la collina
il l)uonro sottostante.
guarcla
11 gusto
perpetrrato
che
del grande -fuvara i\
in
cluella ltella chiesa
tle11'Annunziata da11a eiegante cu-
pol:i, che sorge in Corso Cavour
su progetto ilelf ing. Barbaro. l,l'
architettnr:r inspirata che rivive
bensi i1 carattere, 1a festositi. del1:r bel1a basilica di Superga, pero,
serrza farne una scolastica imitazione. n'{antenuta nei lirniti clella
sobrieti riesce a raggiungere una
composizione elegante, equilibrata, piena di iestoso chiaroscuro.
i\'lagnifiche 1e tlue Chiese progettate clalf illustre I:ng. I\azzint.
Perr) cluella cl-re giace dietro il PaIa"zzo tli Giustizia. cli un barocco
concepito co11 una visione moderna nelle linec rna neli'insieme ricco, fantasioso, un po'troppo fastoso, l1on riesce a raggiungere l'eleg'anza, la signoriliti della Chiesa
cli S. Caterina cli \ria Garibaldi
sulia cui equilibrata costruzione
sacra da1la elegante facciata col
suo l)el pronao concavo, si elerra
rrna lrella cupola dalla slancio r.nirrr
lri r.
1
l
I
I
l
j
I"1.)GAN'|E e magnifico d il
'fempio \rotivo a pianta cen-
trale e con una imponente
Cupola che sorge in alto su quel1a llocca Guelfonia che ci parla
cleller piir belle gesta de1la Messina guerriera e patriottica. Quella colossale opera architettonica
clal suo splenrliclo barocco che ci
parla clella eterna lltrma, i itno r-lci
capolavori rlelf illrrstre I,rof. l{ilani.
In Ltiazza l)uomo sorge la bellrr
fontana cli Orione clel Montorsoli, per come era prima del terrenroto. l-'insierne cli questa fontana e di una grazia unica resa pir\
luminos:r da1la bicromia del materiale; ccl i particolari, specie le
statue clei fiurni ci fai.ino ricrrrci;ire che il l,Iontorsoli fu un a{fe,
zionato allievo cli I,Iichelangelo.
Per quanto d 1a cornposizion6 r,igorosa della fontana c1i Nettuno.
lche s',rgt' sull:r \larirra) che tlirnostra vieirpiir quale fascino eser_
citzrssc sul X{ontorsoli la sublinre
arte cli X'Iichelangelo: si:r <1,_rairrlo
gnar:clia"nro le <1ue sirene da11a posa e dalla espressione che ci-ricorilano le Sibille della Cappella
Sistina, sia guardiarno la ilivina
nrrditi sc.rena del rlio del N{are
( olit;cat:r innanzi a1l:r chiesiL
dei Catalani si ritrova la bella sta_
tua cli lJon Giovanni rl',\rrrrtr.ia, i1
lincit, 'rc (li Lel)anto.
llimesse a posto, due delic beile
quattro fontzrne clel1o scultore
messinese G. Buceti, tonrano a
calrtare I:L lt.,ro lirnlti,lir dolce carrtilena nostalgica.
!
***
Riorclin:tto col1 alnorevole crrrii
e consefvato gelosarnente nel I,Irrseo cle11zr Citti. si tror,a quanto dei
tesori artistici dell:r millenaria civilti rnr.ssilrcsr :I11ggi. si salvu
dall'irrnrarre illLgcllo e Iu irtrssibilt.
riunire. Sarebbe lavoro molto lur-rgo parlare cli quanto r.i fi ttova;
accelrno solo :r c1uel capolavoro tli
gtazia e di seret'riti nristica tantcr
soave che e il Polittico c1el1'Annunziata, che e una dr,rlle tatrt c
lrelle olrere rlell'acrtt,r t, lrurleroso
*
{
f
j
ritrattista .\nl,,rrcllr,,la \[essirra.
Questo l{useo d su11a via che
porta al bellissinro lago di Garzir,
ri (meta di tutti i riivertimenti)
verso l'estrelua tr)unta clel Faro e
verso la riviera del yersante tirrenico.
{
I
i
li-
La cittd, ciotata cli un lteliissinro
porto natnrale, specie per il grzrnde sviluppo c1el cornmerci dei famosi ler<lelli ( che si procluconcr
.'A'II-AN'IICA" IN ITAI-,IANO
93
solo, unica parte del mondo, e die-
che fiancheggiando con movilncll-
tro trattamento speciale sugli al- ti pittcreschi, porta I'erso le piir
beri, nella piccola zona della sua alte cime clei monti Peloritani che
rirtiera che si estende fra S. Tere- fanno corona alla citti. Via ziesa e Ali) e rlei limoni e clei cleriva- zag che un'automobile pud pei-ti cli cluesti che da li si esportancr correre Yelocernente rn Dreve temin tutto i1 mondo, Ea tnezzi cli co- po, 11ra che, per chi anr-a dr asszri,,,.
nrunicazione rapicli e comodi per rare lentarnente l'attiuro che firgtutta 1a provincia. Si allaccia coi ge e preferibile peicorrerc c(rl1 lril
lraesi <lella sua riviera per mezzo t11ezz-o cli trasporto non rapido. Sodi stracle belle, larghe ed asfalta- 1o cosi pud essere gociuta la belte che salgono sul1e alte vette clel- lezza clel paesaggio che ad ogni
le montagne pittoresche o che per- lrasst, rii ela qualclre grazia nti,,corrono, lungo la riva del mare, va, selrrl)re piu lmpi,,. selnpre piil
la lrirrrrrrra r erdeggiarrt e in mez.z.,, aereo nella krntananza.
:rd ararrceti e lirnorreli seml)rc \ (._
geti, sempre fioriti
fr ,-l ri,', rr(lo una 1inrl,irl:L git,rnat:r
esliva in cui andai. 1,er prendere i rilievi necessari per la proflz .\ :trarl:1. clre rlL r.erso l';ri,r._
rrrina. ircllissirna l)er le sue ve. gettazionc cli uu campanile, a r,iclute panoramiiLe, oltre il sitare climora clei frati l.-rancescaprolunro clelizioso e soar-e 11ella ni che risiecle sL1 uno clei punti piir
z:Lgirera, {a sentire la r1o1ce careT-_ alti de1la r,ia cii Circonvallazione.
z,a, 1'altto cldla l>rcz,za nrarina che I);1ll';1f1a terrazza rlel convcnil ven-to oorta clal r.iciuo mare di to, l'Iessir.ra e il suo litorale e lo
crli si sente anche il respiro, i1 pui_ st1'ctto si mostravano meraviglioscire clolce e continno
polpi- si. Le montagne imponenti delle
-*" mcideini
to ; attr:Lr-ersa Lrei paesi
Calabrie circonclavano, serranclolo
e antichi cittaclir-re che alla bellez- vcrso l'estrema punta clel Faro, il
za llatrlrtl(. accoppiarro un irrteres_ marc che, impaziente per la stretsante tesoro artistico testimone ta, clopo aver girato ulr suo lembo
ciaila lrassata loro grandezza. Spe- tletttt',,-il tranttuillu l)(,rt() tli Mcscialmente interessante d qui ricirr- srrra. slrrggerrdo ct_rrr rrrr rrrrrpio r.eclare la e-raziosa e caraiteristic:r spiro si lanciava iibcro grandioscr
antica cittii cli Savoia che c litua* verso l'irrlitrito I Di fiarrco si r eta su c1i un'aita rocca che si cler :r devano paesi lontani che qui conmassicc-ia e maestosa dalla nrar-i- trastzrvano il verde fiorito della
r1a srllla qualc giace la ridente S. pianura lussrrreggiante, ld si con'l'eres:r cli Riva. Ha un casteiio {ondevano rrel grigiorr rlei monti
antico clal c1uale si gode un p:tno- cL11 sl appogg'1avano. laggiir si conrama splcndiclo e rnolte chiese rra- [otttlet atiu t'on lx terrue tinta sfrr
gnifiche, ricche cli opcre artisticlre rnata clel lnare verso i1 11uale senri nteressanti.
brava cleclinassero.
Specialrneute preziosa e 1a chieQuesto spettacolo, ammirato
sa di S. ])ietro di Agro, vero dopo avere percorso <1rrc-1i'edificio
gioicll,,,li architettura clegaute. silenzioso e c1i una calma france,li l'arrtasi,,sa llolicromia. ,li gran,le scana irr crri si sentir a cornrrnicavalore artistico, costruita in un ta intimantente la pace clell'erenriperiotlo,l't-rro tlella caratlelisticlr taggio, si presentar-a sotto un alLrchitettura
spetto dilerso, ltu()\-o.
"iciliana.
I-a citti. cliX{essina
pur ar.endo
Secluti su quelia alta riimora si
srrltito un inevitaltile spt.rstamento lruo gnarclare tanta ltellezza, si
platrimetrico, rimane sempre si- pud sentire i1 sordo fragore della
tuata acl arrfiteatro intorr:o al :,11,r r ita clre giir si agita € lrena merrbeilissimo porto; ia sta planin.re- tre alita irrtorno il respiro ampio
tria d squaclrata secondo 1e pir\ de1 vento e gii risuona il pulsorc
moderne concezioni di edilizia cit- ritmico clel rnale; e si pud se ri.
tadina, e 1e sue vie larghe godono ha \a {orza, rinunziare, rlimenticaquasi tutta la vista del mare. Bel- re tutto, per tro\.arc 1a pace nel
lissima d quella lunga e ialga ria ploprio interno. li clopo, quando
Garibaldi e que1la interessante gii si d perfettamente liberi e papasseggiata del1a Marina che fa cati con 1o spirito si pud non solo
godere tutto f incanto del bel por'- s.erenamente contemplal-e, ma goto e dello stretto di cui si respira dere f infinita bellezza che - si
ogni soffio cli brezz,a, ogni pro{u- schincle agli sgrrardi ili chi sosta
1no. Ma queila che fra tutte d 1a su c1ue1 riiugio ascetico ad ammipiri interessante e la piir splendicla rare quel rnirabile lenrbo r1el1a nod 1a stracla della Circonvallazione, stra bel1a Italia
!
-
!
ATLANTICA. APRII.. \932
94
CIANNINI BIPRFNDE IL CONIROLLO
DE}}A IRA}\>A}PIER)tA
Di Mqtteo Melchiorre
JJT O fari rlcl nrio rneglio nell'interesse clegli azionistt
f fila
non sono nd un mago
rrd un superuomo e conto sulla
costante cooperazione degli aziouisti stessi e degli amici della
'lransamerica."
Con clueste parole Amecleo P.
(]iannini dopo una strelrua e dura
lotta ha recentemente riconosciuta ia fiducia di migliaia di azioni-
sti, rnolti dei quali Italiani che
l'hanno ristabilito al posto di
chairman del1a grancie Transame'
lica Corporation.
Fu Elisha Walker, il banchiere
r1i Wall Street, che assunse il posto di Giannini nel cor.rtrollo della
istituzione clopo ie clirnissioni c1i
cluest'ultinto, in rrna lotta che ha
attirato 1'attenzione deli'intero
paese e di azionisti sparsi in piit
tli 2O nazioni straniere.
La vittoria cli Giannini porta di
nllovo in prima linea il figlio di
un irnnrigrato Italiano che ha sa-
come inclicaziotte che f infllrenza
di Walker si sarebbe esercitata
sulle coste de1 Pacifico. Subitcr
dopo fu organizzata una campagna" nazionale per ottenere mezzo
nrilione di azionisti e iI 25 Luglio
I 930 Ia Transamel-ica Corporatiorr
fu iscritta al New York Stock Exchange. Ulteriori circostanze resero necessarie le dimissioni di A.
I'. Giannini il quale dichiard che
lron approvava la politica, i piani
e 1a procedura clel suo successorc
E. \"I,/alker.
principali accllse fatte dal Gianniii 6siconrlo il Tjrres del 15 Feb-
\s{s
de-(
L9a2\ tss<:ss t:r- =c.sqe-.rrsicrs'e
aaga.tnet(s dqi dGide.r<(i, (&h-
bandono del programma bancario delle sezioni locali, l'aver disposto arbitrariamente della Bank
of America di Ner'v York, il sacrificio dei redditi procluttivi vencluti a prezzi d'occasione in vendite prir-ate, l'aumento di stipendr,
le spese stravaganti e I'assnnzione di direttori inutili e altarnente
oagati.
A mano a mano cl-re
il
monrento
clella battaglia si avvicinava l';rgitazione raggiunse una intensita
mai sorpassata in tutta ia storia
della finanza americana. Che le
accuse mosse clal Giannini abbiano colto il segno 1o climostra il
numero dei "proxies" (Giannini
L piano in attuazione si presta- 15.371.578 su 24.153.900
tf va infatti, secondo Giannini :, bili).
molte obbiezioni in quanto sr
di togliere alla Corporazione il controilo de1le sue Istrtuzioni principali e non dava aglr
azionisti 11 mezzo di esprimere ta
lciro opinione circa i terrnini e il
momento delie vendite, fusioni,
l)r()pone\ra
ecc., nd dava ad essi la certezza di
avere
il controllo
delf istituzione.
I1 disaccordo tra il gruppo Gianni-
ni e il gruppo \\ralke] clivenne
-
clisponi-
E' per ora materia ancor cliscutibile il sapere se la Transamerica
manterri. la posizione che ar.eva
una volta, posizior-re che aveva una base di 1.100.000.000 di dollari.
In
questo momento il suo capitale, come quello di molte altre-cor-
porazioni si e n-rolto assottigliato eci ammont:r ora :r circa 30.000.
000 clollari.
11 cornpito del Giannini A irnputo eler.arsi cla11a povertd ad una
posizione dominante nel1a finan- sempre piu grave fino a quanclo rnenso, ma egli d l'uomo atto ad
za Americana, e la sua rrittoria d non avyenne la rottura, ne1 mo_ affrontarlo. Nelio stesso moclo tn
ancora piir significativa se si mi- mento in cui ia Bank of America cui dail'eti cli 12 anni si cledicd
stlrano 7e lorze che a \Va1l Street frr fusa con la National City l3ank. tutto agli affari de1 suo patrignu
Giannini allora organizzb Ie e a soli 31 anni si trovd in una poappoggiar.ano \\,-a1ker. Un'altro
punto importante e il fatto che lnasse degli azionisti specialmen- sizione dominante f intero camp,,
non soltanto g1i Italiani ma per te nei West e li raggruppd contro cli azione di San Francisco, cosr
tre quarti anche g1i Arrericani si il gruppo capitanato da E. Wal- ora a 62 anni egli si cii. interamente alla grande impresa di ricostruiaggrupparono intorno a Giannini. ker.
La lotta tra Giannini e Walker re la Transamerica Corporatior-r,
Cio climostra quale f ede hanno
tutti nella straorclinaria abilit) da prese tutte le forme e tutto il ca- colossale struttura che cgli stesso
1ui climostrata ne1lo sviluppare ed lore di una campagna politica" Le piu di ogni altro ha crcato.
amministrare una de1le piu grandi
banche del mondo. Jigli ha subito annunciato che avreltbe rinunziato ad ogni stipendio ed altri
SU LL' AME RICAN IZZAZION E
importanti risparmi saranno fatti
negli stipencli de1 Presidente e deR. Scoppo
gli altri Direttori.
J.
Nel 1929, clnando Giannini pensd alle sue dimissioni cercd attorno a se un clirigente capace di occllpare il suo posto e credette di
trovare in E. Walker 1e qualiti
necessarie per sviluppare il lavc-rro da 1ui iniziati. Ne1 febbraio
1930 Walker fu eletto chairman
della Trarrsamerica e L. M. Giannini, fig1io del fondatore fu eletto
presidente. A. P. Giannini divenne chairrnan del consiglio d'anrrninistrazione. I-e modifiche fatte in cluel tempo furon considerate
ROPI'O spesso i movimenti
in far.ore c1el1'Americanizzazione sono
falliti
perchA
basati sulla supposizione che tutti
gii elementi stranieri de1la nostra
popolazione sono inferiori al fonclamentale 91 uppo nazionale. I1
programma delle Istituzioni di
Beneficenza e di Eclucazione era
insr-rIficiente. I'folto tempo, mol-
ti sforzi e rnolto clenaro erano stati impiegati in vanr tentativi per
trasformare in An-rericani gli im-
rnigrati arrivati di recente. L'insuccesso che si d avuto nel passato d stato dovuto a mancanza di
interesse per i problemi dell'Antertcaniz,zazione
e non a
man-
canza clt entttsiasmo. I1 clenarcr
per sviluppare questo lar.oro si
trovava, allora, rapiclamente e facilmente. 11 movimento non er?!
ostacolato'(conre lo sono tante altre nobili iniziativc) cla mancanza
di appoggi finanztari e morali.
Aver.a tutto cid che d necessario
I
";\TLAN'IICA" lN I1'.\LIANO
al
successo me1lo
un elemento di
cssenziale importanza. CioA non
\'1 era.cornprer-rsione del punto di
rista clello stranieru.
prestigio e influenza in tutti i
campi di attiviti spirituale di que_
sto paese. Essi hanno portato un
95
s;rcttu ed i loro genitori sono in_
capaci di inspirai loro le qualita
che loro i)osseggolro e clrc caratte.rt.zzar\, il popolo italiano; la pr.obitd. l'onesti, f industriositA i il
ritegno. Ecco colne tlucsti figliuoli in,lisciplinati si tr:asiornrano talr'olta in gangster e racket-
invalutabile contributo alla vita
artistica arnericana a New york,
(con _Roma e Napoli una delle piu
grancii cittd Italiane ) vi sono clntinaia c centinaia ili avr-cicatr e
clottori 11i origine Italiana. s Ita- cers.
liani sorro rnolti tr;r i piir enrinenti
G1i intcllettuali e benintenzio_
nati a capo del ntovimento di A_
rnericantzzazione agivano, abi_
tualruente. supl,rrrerr',i,, che i [o_
rcstieri rlt'r r rno es>ct-e "rirrressi a
lruovo". E,rano convinti che A_ costruttori
La \\,-ickershan-r Crinre Comecl arcl.ritctti. E,ssi
t't'tericanizztlr e signi fi car, a al ter.:rre
completamente il loro modo cii fa_ continuano la grande traclizione rli trrission rrel srro rrltiruo raPporto
che diecle forse al nronckr i irrova che 1a crirninalita in questo
re e cli vir-ere. I forestieri erano Roma
paese non e tanto prcvalellte tra
grarr,li co:tllrtttrli.
consiclerati conre esseri spror-r,isti 1,rir
gli
stranieri quanto tra i natil,l.
cli traclizione sociale e culturale.
La
prima
generaziong e cluella che
\ii
sorprenclera
,\genclo sotto questa irrrpr"ssior.
forse sa1;cre chcr
troppo silesso Arnericaniz zare rli_ rreila nostra citti r.i son() al)pros_ costituisce la piir grancie minacci:r
simativamente urr r-nigliaio'.ii l"_ zr1la vita cir-ica anrerrcana. L'eie_
r elltc silt,,rtirn,, rli
l)dtrt)iizzate.
segnanti cli origine it:rliana e c-hc mento Italiano cler.e sempre ltitta_
Questo d stato, seconclo me, un molti tra cluesti hanrro t_rggi clelle re contro 1a corrente dclla piu
s'ra\ e crrL,t-(.. L'elenretrto stra_ ;rltissime posizioni nel czriripo ciel_ sfavorevole pubbliciti. Gli eclito_
niero c1ella nostra popolazione, l'nsegnamento ; abbiamc, initusria_ ri dei giorrrali rr,,rr esitatro ;rrl ar_
rpecialrrrerrte i. grrrplri europci, li cc,nosr.iuti in trrtta ;n rraziole; tribuire agli Italiani clualsiasi cle_
vcnnero da noi con ricchi-.sime centinaia di commerci:urti special_ litto mentre .otr senlpre prudenti
tradizioni sociali e culturali. L.es_ rnente ne1 campo clelf impoitazio_ quanclo si tratta c1i a"ccusare uosere stranieri se costituisce una ne e esportazione; contadini c mini <li altra nazionaliti.. Tuttocio e immeritatissirno. Gli Italia_
,l.iVe.rsita.r'tilll ral)presenta
utr.in{e_ iattori italiani hanno ottenLito
l'r()rlta lte, ler cio srlo, rr.rrtle u- splendicli ri,s11l121i. Potreste f a- ni sono orgogliosi; sono abituai_
*piti l,oco rlcsirleral,ili. l"irtti cilrnente renclerr-i conto che ne11e mente clisciplinati aite Iegg e sofl()
per non essere nati in America
classi che ho enurnerato uornini e lrrel ic,,losi e nrresti rrei ior.o r.ap_
ron s.i e, colr cio, rrecessariarnente <lonne, benche fieri cli rliscenclere porti firranziari conre potrebbe es_
iurtr .\nlertcaili. Se arnericarrizza_ cia Itali:uii e della ioro ereclit:r ser tcstimoniato cla paclroni c1i cazione significa quelio .t.,. ...Jo cultur'a1e, sono tutti profonclamen- sa e commerci;Lti. Non sono ub_
briaconi nd inrmoraii. h:rnno un
1{l. Ct.r,c trrra proi6y;1la fe,is
rrelle te lea1i cittaclini americani. L,ssi altissirro
(tt-l1tl'rlrc
serr..r,li orr,,r.e e r.iserrsono
ansiosi
di
dare
ai loro figliotr
lroliticltc,lclia tliclriara_
zi3rre ,li. irr,.l ilrclr,lcriza applicate 1a nrigliore eclucazione posJrile. tono molto di clnesto stigrna im_
lorci da ignoranti reclattrtrt ;
;r.r ra cr,:trtuzr,,rrc ,legli
Statl L rrr_ irssi clesiclerano che i lorb cliscen- pos.to
1t. nto.ltc l)cl.)ollr-. rraie rrll.estcro
,lerrti acquistirro po.izioni c prc:tl- cssl non vogliono altro che un
c
trattamento inrparziale e(1 oltesto
gto superior' ill lr rro.
:IitlJlltte
.llt qneSlO l)ae:c. i{,11,)
(^ l)l'ofittaro ,li ,,grri ol,l)L,r.t11rta
tanto sinceratr.rente .!rncricalte
per
contribuire al benesscrer cli
quanto gli americani di clir_er-qe
questa
naz,ione.
g'encrazior-ri. Anrericanrslr-lo lron
lSGRAZIA'fAlI lrNTtr suce una couclizione cli nascita ltra
cecle
siresso che duratrte i1
Concl uclenclo clesiclero clichiara_
u_
no . stato cl'aninro e di cuore.
re che io non ,<ono particolarrnen_
1,1,,qg<s1, 1li .\r)']rr-ir'attizzl.I
,lilig.cnti ,lei anrl,l,i ltaliarri
re.i_ ziolre si r-erifichino ne11e f:rnriglie te interessato a1lo st.ilupr-o socia_
,ierrtr riegli Stati L'rrrti :i rerrrlt,ro f enomeni as,*ai spiacer-o1i. I Ii- 1e,
politico, con.rmerciiic, inclu_
corrto che i 1uril coil l[rziorra]i rrort gliuoli s{uggono spesso a1 con- striale o culturaie
clel1a nostra
J)oss0no aslrirare ad esscrc c(r1.rii_ tro11o clei genitori e cosi d scoss:r iropolazione Italiana quale
,lcrati A rrrer-icani sirro a ,1ri",'t.f ,, la traclizionale ciisciplina clel1a fa- ira; mio scopo principale ltalia_
e i1 lor-ct
essl conservano il loro modo c1i miglia italiana. I figliuoli non co- t)rog'resso
di degni cittadini ame_
l)eltsill'c. la l,'ro Iirrgrra e il iorn 11osco11o 1)11-1 nessLl11 treno. (]ue_ ricani. ll crec.lo sinceramente che
rnoclo di r ir-ere.
sto accacle senlpre cluanclo i feni- t'.si sono ca1)aci ,li ,lare all'avr.etori soiro aclclirittura anaifabetr e rrirc,legli Stati L-niti. il pacse
che
GGI quasi 6 000.000 cli perso_ sono incapaci cli acizrttar-si alla vita loro alnano, un contrituto che
ne residenti negli Stati Uni- americana. I iigliuoli si r.ergo- rron teme rivaliti in ncssLrn altro
ti sono Italiane cli n:rscit:r r; qtlJlto rli l, 'r'o. 1,y1',1, 111, r .$lti ri- eruppo stranier-o.
,ii ,,rigilre. Il>:e t.,,s1j111i<1.r,11, il
;iL1
llUnlcrosil gftll)l)', >tfaltlerr, -rtlti_
to clopo il grupp<t teciesco. NIal_
gratlo. che la rlaggi,,ralza (lcg.li
IL MELANCONICO AMANTE
\1ilerl(.anl creda (iforlcalllcllte
chc il
.gnr1r1,o I taliarro .ia .,,,,.,1,.,_
Novello di Silvio W. Rolo
sto soltanto
di contaclini incaliaci
e cla piccoli rnercanti. e facilmenr1o :rttrnid 1'zrvvoc:Lto diitensore ed
te climostrabile che grzin numero
i1
capo dei usi:i llort;.Ln<lrt1o in trion{o, :Lcl atrli uutrrili (. {lollne ,li sangue Ita_
-- -- crrrrzrti pronuncio
questa testare <:he i1 r.er-<letto aveva inliano occLlpano oggi p"osizioni parola nelf
aula si rnanifest6 il piu contrato il iavore popolare. Lun,
rmportanti ec1 hanno aiquistato vir-o fer:nren1.o;
1a folla tumnltuing'() e sellsirziorrale era stato il pro-
"Att:ii;.T
ATLANTICA, APRIL,
96
1932
e ()t)tIu Jolrtr I'r.'tttllet, rll, itCcusato cl'aver Llccisa ia moglic.
L'udienz:L piil intercssante f rL
qr.rella irr cui I'erccus;rto fu chiamato a rnccorrtar la su:r storizr.
"J ohrr llencllerton l, dif encliti"
clisse il suo :.rvvocirto, ec1 il pin
grzrncle silenzio si fece ne11'aula.
Conre egli si alzd tutti gli occhi si
fissarono srr cli lui. ligli aveva
llett prrc,, rli tlrrell'luilr r,,rrrarrticir
che il popolo zrssocizr serrrltre ai delitti passicinali. Iira nn piccolo
LTorno tozT-o, quztralttenne, cluasi
calvo, clr<: r'zrccontd 1:.r sua storizL
pa<:at'zrrncrrte t: sernplicernente, alzanclo <li uL<lo la vocc.
"Io I'arn;rvo. li'eci cluanto mi erzr possibilc pcr rernclerl:L felicc
pelchd ell:r u'a tutto per rne. Lavorare ol'ir- l.nli.r g ioia ; litvorare,
occlri tzLnto zrnrii I.)errdleton dzr deciclersi:r spo"rarlo, ecl i1t questo
nLlovo alnore egli scorcl6 il suo
passato e ritrovo<j la pace.
lVl a vi et'a qltalclrno che il pas,sato 11orl poteva scordarlo, e (luesti era I'amante clella sua prima
tle{unta rnoglie.
.l)er ntesi egli giacclrre nel picco1o ltiarrco letto <lell'ospeclale senza
tutte
nrarito
oeSS()
g'n:riLiLi;rralc <lcnzrto
1t::
lrer 1ei, darle
crist: che clesiderava, ve-
derla vivele unu lieta vita. Nulavevzr irrr1.>ttttanz.a pef me.
Consacrar la mia vita a lii; questo er:r il nrio desitlerio slll)re1rro.
Quando, un giorno. . . ."
Si fennd (:on urr i;irighiozzo. G1i
el':r orir lliir <liilicile 1>iirlar-e e si capivzr chc cy,:,li r:orrrb;rtteva con la
l'altro
suzr etrrrr:ziorre.
Si ltassd Llna mano
sulla frorrte, poi si i:npri eli occhi
c:onr.e per liclrr.:ciare una cloloros:r
v
lsio1le.
"()uilrrdcl. Lru gior.no" egli ripres<:
"trt)viri
urrzt 1r.:tteta
nella
sua
(:trneri.r. Qu:rl<: dr.r1ce, appassionat:r letterzr. C'orne bene ella scrivev:r e (luanto i[l]loto erzi lelle sue
p:.Lro1r: ! Ilirrr:rsi storclito. I1 piri
(:rt1'o sollrro c1r,r'lla rnia esistenzzr er:I
s1t<'.zza.to t-' lo ;rvev:r sltezzato la
tlormu che io n<lclravo piir clei1a
tni;-i stesslr r,il.:r."
"l)ecisi rli spiarc. Chi? Norr srr
io stesso. Solo so che rion ragiorrai piir. \/oi cr>noscctc il resto."
"Ciolpii i)on so rluarrte volte.
1're, cluattr'o, fo1.se cinqne. Non
si
().
"Solr> ricotclo clre qu:rrrdo rni arrestarorro esszl crzr rrrorta ecl ii suo
arnante era statr: portato all'r-rspe-
"
Nel pubblico, cla c;uel monlento
non restr\ alr:un clultbir-r che egli
clale.
sareblte st.zrto,lssolt().
IIANDO Johrr lrendleton ripresr: la suzr vit;r tra gli no.
1rtini, contrzrriarnetnte a quan-
to terneva si vidr: c1a tutti accoltr.;
corr a{fetto c sirrrpatia.
I-e donne specialruente fllrono
le sue zrrnniratrir:i piri ardenti.
li<l urra rli rlrr<:stt: <lonrre, grazioszr e vivace .con lrruni e s{:rvillanti
forze e lottanclo fra la vit;i e la
nrorte. lV[;r rron nrori ! Ii fato riserbz.ri';,r. ller lui r.rrra lreggiclre punizione. Mentre egli lentarnente
ritr:crv;tva 1r: suc {rstze rl rirnorsr_r
crescev:I in lui. ser.rz;r. lasciargli
i-)ace e r<:nrler,.zr le sue ore cli attesa sirrrili zrtl ulr;r ilcessante tor.ttt rar.
l\orr cla cgli rt:slonserbile della
rnolte dell'amirta? Perchd si.enr
egli rnesso fri.r <1ue11;r donna e suo
? ()uesti incessanti pensieri 1o strirrgevzrl'ro come in una
nrol's:'r. ]\esstrnzr salvezzzt vi era
pet lui se non rrell:r nrorte ma anche la rnorte 1o aveva ricusato.
Nd quarrdo rrsci elall'ospedale ritrovii l:r s,erenitei perduti.
urr l_rel lrorrreriggio d'estate,
JN
I rrt'rlrt. PrLsst..ggi;rva nel parc,,
egli sr:orse nna donna che kr
guzrrclava con curiositd. Non vi
fece attenzione e prosegui
il
suo
dei suoi occhi pr<.rforrdi, il trist':
sorriso clelle sue l;rLrbra e la tragica storia clella suer vita creavano
intorno a qlrest'r1o1]ro quzrlclre cosr.L
di inusuale e cli inspieg;rbilc a cui
sentiva cli non potcr 1'esistere.
E cosi le lturgtrr: passeggiate, lc
alnichevoli convel'szrziorri li portarono alla caszr clel nrelanconico a-Ir')
a11te.
"I-a vita
el clolr:e r:osa" egli le
"credirni irl rnai peusavo 1a vita potesse clarrni di nuovo tzrnta feliciti !" liller snrrist:.
susstlrrzrvzL
Scendeva
1a
sera clolcernr:rrte. Essi
erano soli, leL boc<:a contro bocca,
firicird lzr dolce pzrssiorre 11'amore
prese la donna. Si turlrarono i
suoi occhi neri....
NIa John Penclletol a\:eva or:r
labitucline cli spiare le stre mogli.
11d egli segui la traccia e cl'urr
tratto pir,rrnbr) nelliL cerrnc:ra, terribile nella sua ira. I1 rnelanconico
;rflrarrte grr:Lrrlr) li_r dorrna., guar.dit
1'uomo e srrbltalzd. E,gli vide nella mano cli f)enclleton Llna piccola
cosa lucente che facilmerrte ricordo di ar-er vista altra volta.
It urr Iampo egli tuttcr capi. Ma
prii ritrovd la sua c;rlrnzi:
"Spara" gridd "spzrra ! Ma
questa r-olta la gente ricleri di te
volta si, ma dtre ah ! questo
-una
sarebbe troppo sciocco". ! E vi era
una alxara, pnngente sfida nelle
carnrnirro. Iler rnolti giorni di seguito egli torrrr) a1 parco e semprc sue parole.
John Pentlleton noir spar6. Abvicle la stess:r clonn:r che 1o osserbassd 1a mano. rimise la rivoltella
vava. J1 rnelanconico amante co- in tasca e. sr-elto, usci clalla
stanz,it.
rlincid ad irrteressarsi ; ella sorltse, egli si irrchind. Scguirono Iunglre pa.s;seg;giatc: ed arnichevoli
in
corrrrers:rzioni. Col passare de i
g'iorni egli contincid zr trclvar conStotes
forto alle srle pelte co1 r:rccontarle
alla sua attentlr ascoltatrice e fitii
(Contintterl lrcm Page 84)
col 11ir1e tutta 1:r tragerlia clella suiL
rnission recently, and the Hon. Petcr
vita.
Diana r'vas re-appointed to the Build"Voi clol.ete itver ietto di quc, ing
Line Commissior.r, both by the
sto, qualche anuo fa. nei giornali" Mayor, Hon. John \V. Nlurphy.
le disse. "i ,.,i <lor etc r-icorclare il
At the installation recently of the
ltarnoso caso Pendletorr." I-a clonpresident, Dr. Alfre do Salanitro.
na aeghizrccid ! Era pr:ssibile cht: r.rcr'v
of the ltalo-An-rerican Republican
questi {osse l'rromo che suo mari- Club of Bloomfield, N. J., to take the
to, John Pendletcln, quasi ar.ev:r place formerly occupied by the formerr
ucciso. erl er:r per amor cli que- president, J. Sfrazz,a, the chief speakcr'
the er.ening, Judge A. l.'. Minisi,
st'uomo che una donna aveva of
told the members of the formation in
trovata la morte ? llssa rimasc Nelv Jerscy of the Columbian Repuattonita filzr non disse nulia. "I1 blican League, as an affiliation of the
fato d ben singolare ed il \rero e larger order in New York State, of
a volte lten piil strano deli'ii.r-rnia- r'vhich Comnrissioner of Immigration
Corsi rvas formerly president
ginato" pensd {ra se stessa, e tor- Edt''ard,i[inisi
is provisional president
Judge
11() a casa.
of the League in New Jersey.
trIa 1a signora Pendleton contiDr. Giuseppe Castruccio, Italiarl
nud acl incontrare il melanconico
Consul General in Chicago, was reamante.
cently honored by the ltalian Govern'
La sua alta e curva figura, i1 suo ment by being made a Chevalier of the
pallido viso, i1 penetrante sguarclo C)rder o{ Saints Maurice and Lazarus.
The ltolions
the United
\\-HERE
ATLANTICA
\{AY
BE
Bank of Sicily Trust Co.
Filiazione del
OBTAINb,D
BANCO DI SICILtA
-
pALERt\,fO
:,4AIN OFFICE
48? Broadway, New York City
I,lir_rt 1tiTth streer
Ser.orrrl lt-c'rrrre
3 -,STO\. .\Iass.
l.:",ru and Co.,
-:.1-l Hanor
er St.
3ROOKLYN, N. Y.
).
i.:r
vwi 51,
^i
-
TUTTE LE OPER.A.ZIONI DI BANC.A
1.3 Coiumbia Sr,
CONTI COMMERCIALI E CONTI SPECIALI IN DOLLARI ED IN LIRE
RIMESSE PER POSTA E PER TELEGRAFO
BIGLIETTI DI VIAGGIO PER TUTTE LE COMPAGNIE
DI NAVIGAZIONE
3L TTE, Montana
E
Irirst,\r'elrLtr
Ifultlrn Street
Iit'orr-r.
\.
- \cl' \-ur.li^\.
('itr\el \ olli (lit,lljroolil._vn, \. \-.
Grossenbacher,
So. Arizona St.
il1
CHICACO,
.{. Agostino,
3r-t1
E. Kensington Ave.
B. Brcggio,
5-19 W. Taylor St.
DETROIT, Mich.
Libreria Bonaldi,
3033 Gration Ave.
WEST INDIES
DONORA, Pa.
-;
CRUISES
E. Grazzini,
540 McKean Ave.
t CA
V
NEW BRITAIN, Conn.
E. D'Agostino,
480 Main St.
N
t.E1,t|.y
I
A
The VULCANIA Cruise js rhe Luxury Cruise
to the Caribbean- the sophisticated luxury of
rnore spacious accommodations, widcr prome,
nrdes, apartments with privatc vcrairdahi, most
roons with bath, two swimming bools. rn,runrficcnt salons, Daiquiri Cuhrn O.Jh..t.r. .p."1,
rirrtr food, berrer scrvice-lrterally .u.iyi1..,i,rg
NE\7 YORK CITY
Brentano's,
1 w. 47th sr.
to rnake a cruise perfect.
A. Martignoni,
ld6 Bleecker St.
Irrrrnaay: St. Picrre, Forr Je France, M.rrtjrriuuc_
f]rrdgetown, Barbados-Port
of Spain, Brrghton, Trrnida,i
La Guayra,
Venezuela--Willeristadi, Cuiii"o
^Caracas,
Cristobal, Colon,
Parrama-Kingston, J"-"i."--Sn,,
Juan, Porto Rico-Havana, Cuba-Na;;r, B"lra.r".
S. F. Vanni,
507 W. Broadway.
PHILADEI-PHIA,
A. Napolitano,
U'yr.f.R ug.,l d-.1/)
Pa.
1203 Federal St.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Carfi Bros.,
433 Clinton Ave.
M
EDITERRANEAN CRUISES
SATURNIA-VULCANIA
Irn. N,plis.
Prlermo, Trieste, Cannes, Algiers
G:l-r rltar, Greece, Azores, Lisbon, Dalmat]:r
etL(L
cos u !. I c H
LI
NE
locel, traual age)Lts or
l1*'?JIX*1,?:t:,:
THE
Wrmwor,a
iilellmmleli:'{rimtr Itmll
in
&wum
the
UNIITED STATES
NEW YORK CITY
BAN{iA r.l(lMtulE lt(lJAl,i; Il'Al,iAI\A
ASFN(IY lN N[rW YOl]K
62-64 William Street
BANCA COMft/iERCIALH ITALIANA T'RLJST CO.
33e sixth o""1lItl,
114 Mulberry St.
or6ce' 62-64
*ttlil"
3li:*r"
st., B,kryn
Soth and Vernon Aves., L. l. City
116th Street at Second Avenue
BOSTON
BANCA COM&tli[{{]lAl-i:r I-I'AI,IANA l'RLJST Co"
209 Washington
Street
PHILADELPHIA
BANCA COI\{N{HRCIAI,FJ ITALIAI\,IA l"RUST CO,
1416-18 So. Penn Square
,TUTTE
LE
1301 So. Broad Street
OPERAZIONI
DI
BANCA
WxERE GooD uYrNG
REACHEI T}IE ULTIMATE
W
EUIIOPEAN AND
ITUATED in t}:'e Yedado, }lavana's finest residential section, and on the main route to the beach
Casino, Jockey Club and Country Club, the Hotel
Presidente offers you convenience and the ultimate in
comfortable liwing for your sojourn in Cuba. Famed
for its terrace restaurant lrzhere delicious meals are
served in true Continental style; splendid wiew of
the sea and sunlit, airy rooins; the Presidente has
anticipated every need and comfort to make your
visit a happy one.
AAAERICAX PLAN
Single
Rooms
Double Rooms
American Plan
. frorn $5
from $8
fron $12
Parlor Suites on Application.
Every room an outside roonr
. . . ever\ room with bath.
HOTEL PRE'IDENTE
HAVANA
CUBA