WORLD WAR 1 - Mrs. Siesto`s Social Studies Site

WORLD WAR 1
TIME PERIOD:______ TO ______
US JOINS:
______
name__________________
Mrs. Siesto
Social Studies 8
WORLD WAR 1 VOCAB
WHAT CAUSED WW1 TO START IN EUROPE?
LONG-TERM CAUSES:
M: _______________
•
Building up a strong _________
example: ________ built up its ______, therefore, ________ did too… LED TO…
stress b/w nations.
A: ________________
•
•
Nations make ______ with other nations for _________ (like teams)
examples: Triple Entente = ________________________
Triple Alliance = ________________________
I: ________________
•
Race for __________ in Africa & Middle East (increases _______)
N: ________________
•
•
________________ for your country that is SO intense you put your _______ ahead of
world cooperation
examples:
FRANCE vs GERMANY– compete for Alsace-Lorraine’s _______
_____________
RUSSIA vs A-H– Russia offers to help _________ against A-H
SHORT TERM CAUSE:
o
Assassination of Archduke ________________ (heir to the throne of _______) by a
___________ “Nationalist” (____________).
World war one
On Your Map Color in the Players of WW1:
Allied Powers, Central Powers & Neutral nations:
ALLIED POWERS
CENTRAL POWERS
NEUTRAL NATIONS
Great Britain + Ireland *
Germany *
Spain
France *
Austria-Hungary *
Netherlands
Serbia *
Ottoman Empire *
Luxembourg
Russia (Finland too)
Bulgaria
Denmark
Belgium
Norway
Romania
Sweden
Italy
Switzerland
Montenegro
Albania
*You will only be responsible for the major players
on each side.
WORLD WAR 1: VIDEO QUESTIONS
The European Conflict
1. What neutral country did Germany invade?
2. How many fought in WW1? How many wounded? How many
died?
FOUGHT = _________________
DIED=_______________
WOUNDED=________________
3. Where was the Western Front?
4. In what did the soldiers in France fight?
5. Name 2 “things” found in the trenches.
6. What was the land between the trenches called?
7. What were factories used for?
8. Give 4 examples of weapons produced:
9. What was the nickname of the German flying ace? How many
Allied planes did he shoot down?
10. What did the Germans use that angered the US?
11. What was the result of the British blockade against Germany?
The main weapon used by British soldiers in the
trenches was the bolt-action rifle. 15 rounds
could be fired in a minute and a person 1,400
meters away could be killed.
Machine guns needed 4-6 men to work them
and had to be on a flat surface. They had the
fire-power of 100 guns.
Large field guns (artillery) had a long range
and could deliver devastating blows to the
enemy but needed up to 12 men to work them.
They fired shells which exploded on impact
The German army was the first to use chlorine gas at the battle of Ypres in 1915. Chlorine gas
causes a burning sensation in the throat and chest pains. Death is painful – you suffocate! The
problem with chlorine gas is that the weather must be right.
Mustard gas was the most deadly weapon used. It was fired into the trenches in shells. It is
colourless and takes 12 hours to take effect. Effects include – blistering skin, vomiting, sore
eyes, internal and external bleeding. Death can take up to 5 weeks.
The Zeppelin, also known as blimp, was an airship that
was used during the early part of the war in bombing
raids by the Germans. They carried machine guns and
bombs. However, they were abandoned because they
were easy to shoot out of the sky.
Tanks were used for the first time in the First World War at the
battle of the Somme. They were developed to cope with the
conditions on the Western Front. The first tank was called ‘Little
Willie’ and needed a crew of 3. Its maximum speed was 3mph
and it could not cross trenches. The more modern tank was not
developed until just before the end of the war. It could carry 10
men, had a revolving turret and could reach 4mph.
Planes were also used for the first time. At first they were used to deliver
bombs and for spying work but became fighter aircraft armed with
machine guns, bombs and sometimes canons. Fights between two
planes in the sky became known as ‘dogfights’
Torpedoes were used by submarines. The Germans used torpedoes to
blow up ships carrying supplies from America to Britain.
The Germans torpedoed the passenger liner Lusitania on May 1st
1915 which sank with a loss of 1,195 lives. Americans were outraged
and joined the war in 1917 on the side of the allies.
World War I – Weapons Crossword
Across
1
2
3 This colorless gas is deadly
5 Used by all soldiers in World War One
8 Name of the first tank little ______
3
5
10 A fight between two planes
4
11 Also known as Blimp
6
Down
7
1 This gas was first used at Ypres in 1915
2 Tanks were first used at this battle (5)
8
9
10
4 These weapons were used by submarines
6 This American liner was blown up
7 This gun needed 4 - 6 men to work it
11
9 This type of gun fired shells
****UP TO THIS POINT, THE US IS _______________. WILSON WANTS
TO ARRANGE PEACE TALKS TO END THE WAR—“PEACE WITHOUT
_________”
US ENTERS THE WAR FOR 3 REASONS:
1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare by
Germany
US economy is ______________ – trading
_________________ _____________________ to the Allied
Powers (_________) and the Central Powers
(______________).
Germany begins to sink ships containing
_____________________ going to Allied countries.
A German U-boat (submarine) sinks the Lusitania, a British
ship killing ______________________ passengers.
2. The Zimmerman Telegram
The British intercept a message (note) from
_______________ to _________________.
Message: Mexico would _____________ the US if the US declares war
on __________.
In return, Germany would help Mexico
_____________________________________.
3. Russian Revolution
Riots protested ________________________ and the _______
(Russian version of a king) was forced to step down.
Wilson was not comfortable fighting on the same side as an
_________________________________________________.
WORLD WAR 1: VIDEO QUESTIONS
America Joins the Ranks
1.
In what year did the US join?
2. How did most Americans feel about the war?
3. How did US trade with England compare with US trade with Germany?
4. Reasons the US joined the war:
a. What caused US attitude to change?
b. Zimmerman Note—Mexico was promised
__________________________________ if they fought with
Germany?
5. Who did the US specifically declare war on?
6. How did the US guarantee it had enough soldiers?
7. What did women serve as?
8. How were A-As treated?
a. Give 1 detail about the Harlem Hell-Fighters.
US INVOLVEMENT IN THE WAR
Homefront:
1. To raise $ the gov’t created ―_________________‖ or loans to the
gov’t.
a. _______________ helped raise support for the bond drives.
2. Food rationing meant more of farm crops could go to soldiers.
a. ―_____________‖ gardens made sure families had enough
food.
3. ____________________ was recycled into tanks & planes.
4. 2 Jobs women took over for men:__________________ &
_______________even though they couldn’t __________ yet.
At the Front:
5. Problem of the trenches was stalemate, which meant
_________________________________.
6. The war turned for the Allies b/c ____________________
_______________________________________________
Treaty of Versailles:
7. Date of the end of the war—
8. Meeting place to write the treaty—
9. ―Big 4‖ wrote the treaty—reps from the US, _________,
__________ & Italy.
10. Wilson had hoped for ―peace w/o __________‖
BUT he didn’t get his way.
o Terms of the Treaty:
1.
2.
3.
4.
WORLD WAR ONE MAJOR BATTLES
The battles of World War I raged for about four years from 1914-1918. With more than 30 million
casualties, it is impossible to list all of the battles of this terrible war. Below are some of the most
important battles as well as their significance.
First Battle of the Marne
September 1914 – The First Battle of the Marne was one of the most important battles of World
War I because it ended Allied hopes of a quick ending for the war. About 100,000 soldiers were
killed or injured.
Second Battle of Ypres
April 1915 - At the Second Battle of Ypres the German military used the first large scale poison
gas attack in the history of warfare. They launched chlorine gas against French troops and the
devastating effects shocked both sides preventing the Germans from fully taking advantage of the
results. Although the battle itself did not result in significant gains for either side, the introduction of
poison gas changed warfare forever.
Battle of Verdun
February 1916 – The Battle of Verdun was the longest military engagement of World War I, lasting
almost ten months and resulting in nearly one million casualties.
Battle of Jutland
May 1916 – The Battle of Jutland was originally claimed as a victory for the German naval forces,
however, the battle ultimately left the German fleet with few seaworthy vessels and their strategy
began to rely almost exclusively on their u-boats. The Germans would not again try to break the
lines of the British fleet again during World War I.
Battle of Passchendaele
July 1917 - The Battle of Passchendaele, sometimes known as the Third Battle of Ypres, is one of
the best, and most horrific, examples of trench warfare. Over 300,000 Allied and 250,000 Central
Power soldiers died in this four month battle with little gained on either side although the British
and Canadian forces leading the offensive were able to claim a technical victory.
Battle of the Somme
March 1918 – The Battle of the Somme was the first major battle for United States forces in World
War I. It was also the first large offensive move on the part of Germany in more than a year.
Ultimately the Germans gained 40 miles at the cost of hundreds of thousands of causalities.
Battle of Amiens
August 1918 - During the Battle of Amiens the Allies were able to push 15 miles into the German
lines. Approximately 12,000 German troops surrendered and German leaders realized they would
soon have to bargain for peace.
WORLD WAR ONE MAJOR BATTLES
FIRST BATTLE OF THE MARNE—ended
Allied hopes of ____________________
SECOND BATTLE OF YPRES—major change
to modern warfare because____________________
___________________________________
BATTLE OF VERDUN—longest battle of the war,
lasting almost ________________ resulting in
______________________
BATTLE OF JUTLAND—
(do NOT just copy—summarize)
BATTLE OF PASSCHENDAELE—4 month
battle in which not much territory was gained even
though__________________________________
BATTLE OF THE SOMME—first major
battle the ______ was involved in. Germans
won, capturing
_______________________________.
BATTLE OF AMIENS—The Germans realized
_______________________________
______________________________________
WORLD WAR 1 ENDS
Wilson hoped to achieve ―__________________________________‖ before the US was
dragged into war. This did not work BUT he does want to help negotiate a fair treaty.
When the Allies meet to discuss the treaty they ______________ over how
_______________ should be treated.
o England & France say______________________________!
o United States says___________________________!
Woodrow Wilson brings his ____________________ to the
meeting.
o They are his ___________ for ____________.
o They are meant to
____________________________.
o 14th Point =
____________________________________
 US Senate does __________ want the
League of Nations!
The _____________________________________ ends World War 1 & is signed at the
___________________________________ of __________.
THE TREATY SAYS:
1. Germany must accept ________________.
2. Germany must give up its _____________ &
__________________.
3. Germany must pay ___________________ in
________________________ (war costs).
4. ___________________ of Nations is formed (___________________________!!!!!!!)
The US ________________ rejects the Treaty of Versailles SOOOO…. the US
______________________________________.
name________________________
WW1 ESSENTIAL ?S
35
1. EXPLAIN the causes of war in EUROPE:
a. Long-Term:
[8 pts]
b. Short-Term:
[2 pts]
2. EXPLAIN why the U.S. got involved.
[6 pts]
3. Describe the new warfare technique. Was it effective? Why / why not?
4. List 4 new weapons used in WW1:
[4 pts]
[4 pts]
5. What is propaganda? How was it used in the war?
6. Treaty of Versailles:
a. What is it?
[2pts]
b. Did it work? Why / why not?
[5 pts]
[4 pts]
WW1 REVIEW SHEET
WAR IN EUROPE
1. Describe each of the long-term causes of tension in Europe (4 total):
M—Militarism—each nation raced to have the best military; caused tension & fear
b/w nations.
2. What was the short-term cause of the war?
3. How did this cause lead to a European war?
4. List the 2 alliances in Europe before the war, their names once the war began & the
major countries in each alliance.
Triple Entente—France, Russia, & Great Britain—became the Allied Powers when
Serbia joined
5. As war was starting in Europe, what role did the US play?
6. Trench warfare was the primary “method” of battles. What problems were associated
with trenches? Was this type of warfare effective? Why/why not?
7. What “weapons” did the Germans use during WW1? Were they effective? Why/why
not?
US Joins the War
8. Name & describe the 2 reasons the US declared war on Germany:
Germany used “unrestricted submarine warfare”—the Lusitania was sunk by uboats & 128 Americans were killed
9. What was the War Industries Board? What was its purpose?
It was set up to give the gov’t control over the economy. It told factories what to
produce (war supplies).
10. How did the role of women change?
Women started to take men’s jobs in factories
11. How did the role of African-Americans change? Give 2 examples.
Started to move North to work in factories—got jobs easier
12. How did President Wilson’s feeling toward the war change over time? (include “make
the world safe for democracy”)
13. What role did propaganda play in the war?
WW1 Ends
14. What was the 14 Points? League of Nations? Was the League successful? Why/why
not?
15. How did the Allies’ feelings differ from Americans’ feelings?
DATES YOU WILL NEED TO KNOW:
Start of WW1 in Europe=
US Joined the War=
WW1 Ended=