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UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN ENGINEERING · SCIENTIFIC REPORT 2003-2008
COLOPHON
This self-evaluation report waswritten by the
Programme Industrial Design Engineering of the
faculty of Engineering Technology of the University
of Twente for the periodic assessment of research
quality under auspices of the QANU (NVAO/VSNU.
© 2010 University of Twente
Industrial Design Engineering
Faculty of Engineering Technology
PO Box 217
7500 AE Enschede
The Netherlands
T +31 53 4892547
F +31 53 4893471
W www.ide.utwente.nl
Editors
W.A. Poelman
A. O. Eger
F.J.A.M. van Houten
Data collection & editor
Anne-Marie Klijnstra
Language editor
Angie Souren MSc, Smarter Science
Photography
Jan Hesselink (a.o.)
Design and layout
Rob Hulsbosch
ISBN 978-90-365-3001-9
2 UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
PREFACE
We are proud to present the first official self-evaluation of research, carried out under the umbrella of
Industrial Design Engineering. We are especially proud of the fact that such an extensive programme can
be presented only seven years after the start of the course Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) in Twente.
This was made possible by the contribution of an enthusiastic and competent team of professionals under
the inspiring leadership of Professor Fred van Houten.
Before reading this report it is of great importance to take notice of the following remarks.
First of all one should realise that IDE did not start from scratch. At the start Twente was already well
known in the field of design, but the emphasis was on mechanical design, design technology, design
management and design for manufacturing. For marketing and innovation management IDE could build
also on a strong fundament within the university and the same goes for subjects like consumer research
and ethics. Missing links to build a full-grown course and research programme in IDE were sub-disciplines
like ergonomics and design & styling. Expertise in the field of ergonomics was mainly built up within
the faculty of Engineering Technology and Design & Styling was filled in by employing an experienced
professor from “outside” (Eger). As technology is one of the main assets of IDE in Twente, a special chair
has recently been created in the field of product realisation (Poelman).
Secondly, it is important to notice that IDE in Twente is organised in a kind of matrix organisation within
the faculty of Engineering Technology. Three chairs (Van Houten, Eger and Poelman) are directly involved
in IDE and carry the responsibility for IDE research. This does not mean that other chairs do not cooperate
in IDE research. Several chairs are involved intensively in the research for technical aspects in fields like
energy, materials, tribology, biomedical engineering and sound/acoustics. The chair Product Realisation
(Poelman) received as a special task to form a bridge between technology oriented chairs and IDE. That’s
why several sub-programmes of those chairs are presented in the program Product Realisation. Those
chairs, as a whole, are not subject of this self evaluation, but only the specific subprogrammes as part of
the research programme Product Realisation.
Thirdly, we would like to point out that, because of the early stage of our research,
we are not just interested in the opinion about past and present projects, but, in
particular, also in the opinion about future plans. Many projects are presented in a
concept phase and the response and advice of the committee will play an important
role in decision making about the future of these projects. Because of this interest
the number of projects presented might be somewhat larger than usual.
We look forward to your visit and expect to learn a lot from discussions with you.
Prof dr Rikus Eising
Dean of the Faculty of Engineering Technology
CONTENTS
Colophon – 2
Preface – 3
PROFILE OF THE INSTITUTE – 7
A PROFILE OF THE INSTITUTE – 9
1 GENERAL INFORMATION, MISSION STATEMENT – 9
1.1 Global data – 9
1.2 Historical context – 10
1.3 Socio-economic context – 12
1.4 Mission statement – 12
2 LEADERSHIP – 12
3 STRATEGY AND POLICY – 16
3.1 Introduction – 16
3.2 The concept of products – 16
3.3 Evolutionary Product Design – 17
3.4 Knowledge cycle of industrial design engineering – 18
3.5 Demarcation of IDE research – 19
4 RESEARCHERS AND OTHER PERSONNEL – 22
5 RESOURCES, FUNDING AND FACILITIES – 23
6 PROCESSES IN RESEARCH, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL COLLABORATION – 24
7 ACADEMIC REPUTATION – 27
8 INTERNAL EVALUATION – 27
9 EXTERNAL VALIDATION – 28
10 OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS – 28
11 ANALYSIS, PERSPECTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS FOR THE INSTITUTE – 28
RESEARCH PROGRAMMES – 33
B1 RESEARCH PROGRAMME: DESIGN ENGINEERING – 37
1.1 LEADERSHIP – 39
1.1.1 Management style – 39
1.1.2 Means of motivation – 39
1.1.3 Communication and monitoring – 40
1.1.4 Process of improvement and innovation – 40
1.2 STRATEGY AND POLICY – 40
1.2.1 Introduction – 40
1.2.2 Sub-programme: Management of Product Development – 42
1.2.2 Sub-programme: Use Anticipation in Product Design – 47
1.2.3 Sub-programme: Computational Synthesis – 51
1.2.4 Sub-programme: Sustainable Energy Design – 54
1.2.5 Sub-programme: Product Life Cycle Management – 56
1.2.6 Sub-programme: Integrated Development of New Products and Processes – 59
1.2.7 Sub-programme: Design Support for Mechatronic Systems – 63
1.2.8 Sub-programme: Packaging Design and Management – 66
1.3 PROCESSES IN RESEARCH, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL COLLABORATION – 68
1.3.1 Research atmosphere – 68
1.3.2 Processes of quality control – 69
1.3.3 Supervision of junior researchers – 69
1.3.4 Internal and external collaboration – 70
1.4 ACADEMIC REPUTATION – 70
1.5 INTERNAL EVALUATION – 72
1.6 EXTERNAL VALIDATION – 73
1.7 RESEARCHERS AND OTHER PERSONNEL – 74
1.8 RESOURCES, FUNDING AND FACILITIES – 75
1.9 OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS – 75
1.10 ANALYSIS, PERSPECTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS FOR THE RESEARCH PROGRAMME – 76
1.11 FULL LIST OF PUBLICATIONS – 79
B2 RESEARCH PROGRAMME: EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT – 95
2.1.1 Organisation – 97
2.1.2 Motivation – 97
2.1.3 Communication and control – 97
2.2.2 Sub-programme: Evolutionary Product Development – 98
2.2.3 Sub-programme: History / Design History – 100
2.2.4 Connection to the education programme – 102
2.3.1 Research atmosphere – 102
2.3.2 Processes of quality control – 102
2.3.3 Communication – 102
2.3.4 Supervision of junior researchers – 103
2.3.5 Internal and external collaboration – 103
B3 RESEARCH PROGRAMME: PRODUCT REALISATION – 115
3.1.1 Organisation – 116
3.1.2 Motivation – 116
3.1.3 Communication and control – 117
3.2.2 Sub-programme: Technology Diffusion – 119
3.2.3 Sub-programme: Mobility, Sociality and Safety – 121
3.2.4 Sub-programme: Industrial Building Innovation – 123
3.2.5 Sub-programme: Cradle to Cradle – 124
3.2.6 Sub-programme: Transformable Green Buildings – 126
3.2.7 Sub-programme: Materials Engineering – 128
3.2.8 Sub-programme: Biomedical Product Design – 131
3.2.9 Sub-programme: Sound Design and Perception – 133
3.2.10Sub-programme: Friction and tactility in product-user interactions – 134
3.4.1 Memberships in scientific boards – 137
3.4.2 Editorships and reviewing of academic journals – 138
3.4.3 Other proofs of academic reputation – 140
PROFILE OF THE INSTITUTE
Horst building
A PROFILE OF THE INSTITUTE
Name of the Institute
Date of establishment
2001
Institutional affiliations
Faculty of Engineering Technology
University of Twente
Formal responsibilities
Bachelor in Industrial Design Engineering
Master in Industrial Design Engineering
Research area
1 GENERAL INFORMATION, MISSION STATEMENT
1.1 GLOBAL DATA
The Faculty of Engineering Technology is responsible for three Bachelor programmes: Industrial Design
Engineering (IDE), Mechanical Engineering (ME) and Civil Engineering (CE), three related Master
programmes and two 3TU Master programmes. IDE is not an independent department. The Faculty
regards this as a strength. IDE research at the University of Twente is carried out by most of the research
groups within Engineering Technology, but also by research groups of other faculties. In this respect, IDE
in Twente is unique in the Netherlands and perhaps even in the world.
A · PROFILE OF THE INSTITUTE 9 UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
A large section of the staff involved in IDE education and research is employed by the Department of
Design, Production and Management, a cluster of full-time and part-time chairs addressing the area of
product and production system research and development. Three full chairs carry the main responsibility
for IDE education and research:
- Design Engineering;
- Product Design;
- Product Realisation.
The chair of Design Engineering hosts the part-time professor in Packaging Design and Management.
The chair of Product Design hosts the part-time chair of Design History. The full-time chair of Product
Realisation has recently been established. The staff associated with the three chairs comprises 2
associate professors, 22 assistant professors, 2 university teachers and 5 administrative and technical
support staff. There are approximately 500 Bachelor and Master students, 15 PhD students and 1 post-doc. The
Department’s budget is approximately € 550 K, of which 30 % is obtained from external funding.
Full chairs coordinate their own research programme, divided into sub-programmes. Some of the subprogrammes are within the domain of competence of other chairs inside and outside the Faculty and are
carried out by those chairs. In view of these programmes’ importance for the domain of Industrial Design
Engineering, they are presented in the context of this self-assessment.
1.2 HISTORICAL CONTEXT
The University of Twente was founded in 1961. Mechanical Engineering was one of the four initial
departments. The first students arrived in 1964. Starting as a university of technology- the third in The
Netherlands after Delft and Eindhoven - the university gradually broadened its scope to encompass
disciplines like Public Administration, Business Administration, and Applied Educational Technology in
the late 1970s and 1980s. Over the years, the University of Twente profiled itself more and more as an
entrepreneurial university with a tradition in interdisciplinary research and education in the technical as
well as the social sciences.
In 2001, the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering merged to form the new
Faculty of Engineering Technology.
In 2000, the Department of Mechanical Engineering decided to initiate a new five-year educational
programme in Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) which was accredited in 2001. The first students
enrolled in the same year. This educational programme has become a success, with close to 500 students
enrolled now. In order to realise the educational programme, three sources of knowledge and capacity
were identified. First of all, a substantial part of the required knowledge and capacity was available within
the Department of Mechanical Engineering, especially in the fields of design methodology, design tools,
materials and manufacturing. Secondly, knowledge and capacity could be supplied from within the rest of
the university, from fields such as marketing, psychology, sociology and logistics. Lastly, knowledge and
capacity had to be acquired from outside the university in specific IDE fields such as sketching, design and
styling, graphic design, ergonomics and user investigation.
10 A · PROFILE OF THE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
Figure 1 Knowledge sources at the start of IDE in 2001
Existing knowledge
within mechanical
engineering
New knowledge in the
field of industrial design
engineering
Existing
knowledge within e.g. civil
engineering, business- and
human sciences
In 2008, the educational programme of IDE was evaluated for re-accreditation, with a positive result.
The situation at the University of Twente is unique compared with Delft and Eindhoven in the sense that
three educational and research programmes are embedded in one Faculty of Engineering Technology. The
advantage of this is that it leads to intensive contacts between the members of the different research
groups. An important quality of the IDE graduate is his or her ability to integrate the natural, engineering and
social sciences. At the University of Twente, students develop this quality in a natural, almost organic way.
As already explained, the IDE research group is linked to the educational programme with the same
name, which started in the year 2001. New research activities started up somewhat later. Research in the
field of human factors started in 2002 after the appointment of Dr Van der Voort as assistant professor
associated with the chair of Professor Van Houten. Research in the field of design and styling started in
2003 after the appointment of Professor Eger. In 2007, Professor Ten Klooster (0.2 fte), an expert in packaging design and management, was appointed.
In the same year, Professor Drukker (0.4 fte), an expert in design history, joined the Faculty. In December
2008, a new chair for Product Realisation was established and Professor Poelman was appointed.
IDE-related research started much earlier, though. Engineering and design were not new topics at the
Faculty of Engineering Technology. Research was already carried out in several disciplines relevant to IDE,
like design methods and tools. Design and construction has been a research area from the beginning of
the Department of Mechanical Engineering in 1964. In the early 1990s, the Faculty decided to continue
only design education and abandon research in this field. The group on Design and Construction was
dissolved and a multi-disciplinary design education group was established. In the group of Production
Engineering, design research in the area of Intelligent CAD-CAM systems developed rapidly. The name of
the group was changed to Design and Production Engineering in 1994. In 1998, a new chair was created
within that group. Professor Van Houten was appointed as professor in Design Engineering. In 2001, he
became Chair of the group. After the retirement of Professor Kals in early 2003, Professor Akkerman was
appointed as his successor in Production Technology. Material sciences and manufacturing technology,
which are now embedded in the Production Technology research portfolio, have been research areas at
the Faculty of Engineering Technology since 1964.
A Master track in the area of Architectural Building Components Design Engineering (ABCDE) or Product
Development for the Building Industry is under development as a joint effort with the Department of Civil
Engineering, but there is also cooperation between faculties: A IDE Bachelor variant with the emphasis
on ICT has recently been launched together with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics
and Computer Science. These initiatives lead to broadening of the research programme towards building
innovation and smart product design.
1.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Research in the field of IDE is carried out in a socio-economic context. In general, four stakeholders can be
distinguished: the academic world, companies, society and students. As a university, we strive to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of Industrial Design
Engineering. The medium is scientific publications. However, the new discipline of Industrial Design
Engineering does not yet have a long academic tradition, and there are only limited opportunities for
publishing in high-ranking journals. Non-scientific journals as well as conference contributions therefore
of course also play an important role in the dissemination of knowledge in the field of Industrial Design
Engineering. As entrepreneurial university, there is a strong tradition to cooperate with the second
stakeholder, industry. The third stakeholder is society. A university has a task in developing knowledge
which contributes to the realisation of societal goals. The existence of behavioural and social sciences at
the same university stimulates that IDE research pays attention to societal issues, including environmental
concerns. Last but not least, students are also stakeholders for IDE research. Especially in this start-up
period of Industrial Design Engineering in Twente, knowledge development aimed at contributing to the
quality of education was emphasised.
1.4 MISSION STATEMENT
In concert with what was said in the previous paragraphs, our research mission statement reads as
follows:
Industrial Design Engineering related research within the University of Twente aims to develop
qualitative and quantitative knowledge on all phases in the life cycle of products, i.e. initiative,
design, production, use, maintenance and recycling, all with a strong emphasis on the user, in a
societal and environmental context, with special focus on interdisciplinary cooperation, leading to
answers on design questions from ‘the real world’.
2 LEADERSHIP
The University of Twente is organised as a matrix organisation of faculties and institutes. By the end of
2006, the University of Twente had five faculties and six research institutes. Industrial Design Engineering
in Twente has taken upon itself a special task as an intermediary between fundamental technological
sciences and practical application in industry and society. Therefore, cooperation with each research
institute in Twente is relevant. For each research institute, examples for mutual interest are provided
below.
CTIT
Centre for Telematics and Information Technology:
Communication products with a special emphasis on human interface design
IBR
Institute for Behavioural Research:
Product experience, design for emotion, with a special emphasis on scenario-based design
IGS
Institute for Governance Studies:
Safety, IP, standardisation and certification
IMPACT Institute of Mechanics, Processes and Control Twente:
Smart products, robotics with a special emphasis on interactive technology; design for
sustainability and recycling of materials
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
Special functionalities in surfaces, resulting in visual and ergonomic improvements.
MIRA
Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (formerly called BMTI):
Products for biomedical objectives, with a special emphasis on ergonomics
Clearly, there is an influence of the discipline of industrial design engineering on other research groups
in the Faculty of Engineering Technology and even in other faculties. Industrial Design Engineering can
be regarded as an intermediary discipline for deployment of technology. Application of new information
technology (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science) is only possible
through the design of new devices and the same applies to new chemical micro-analysis techniques.
The Faculty of Engineering Technology - in Dutch, Construerende Technische Wetenschappen (CTW) - is
headed by the Dean, Professor Eising, who is assisted by a Management Team. Dean is a full-time position
for a full professor. The Dean represents the Faculty in the University Management Team, and carries
responsibility for all strategic, organisational, financial and personnel affairs concerning the Faculty.
The Management Team is chaired by the Dean and meets every two weeks. Primarily, it discusses all
strategic matters concerning the Faculty - ranging from strategic plans for research and education to
organisational issues, human resource management, budgets and financial results, public relations
and accommodation. Every month, the so-called Chamber meets to discuss matters of interest for the
Faculty and to exchange information and opinions. The members of the Chamber are all full professors/
programme leaders of the three Departments and the two Directors of Education. All other (part-time)
professors have a standing invitation to participate in the Chamber meetings.
The Dean chairs the Disciplinary Councils of the Departments, in which the research strategy of the
respective Departments is discussed. The members of the Disciplinary Council are the full professors/
programme leaders of the Department and the Director of Education of that Department. Each Council
meets every month.
To strengthen the design and production profile of the Faculty, the three full-time chairs of Design
Engineering, Product Design, and Product Realisation (yellow in Figure 2) are clustered in the ‘vakgroep’
of Design, Production and Management. Each chair, however, has its own line of research. Furthermore,
there are two part-time chairs for Design History (0.4 fte) and Packaging Design (0.2 fte).
All Engineering Technology research groups participate in the Bachelor and Master programmes of
Industrial Design Engineering. However, as mentioned before, the major effort in industrial design
education and research is concentrated in the Design, Production and Management group presently
consisting of also the full chairs of Surface Technology and Tribology, and Production Technology (green
in Figure 2). The other chairs most closely involved in IDE within the Faculty of Engineering Technology
but not part of the Design, Production and Management group are Applied Mechanics and Biomechanical
Engineering (also green in Figure 2).
As IDE is interdisciplinary, close cooperation with other chairs within and outside the Faculty goes without
saying. The most important chairs in this respect are represented in grey in Figure 2.
Figure 2 The unique structure of Industrial Design Engineering Research in Twente
Advanced
Robotics
Stefano Stramigioli
Elastomer
Technology and
Engineering
Jacques Noordermeer
Thermal
Engineering
Theo van der Meer
Mechanical
Automation
Ben Jonker
Innovation
Processes
Joop Halman
Mechanics of
Forming Technology
Han Huétink
Production
Technology
Remco Akkermans
Biomechanical
Engineering
Bart Koopman
Design Engineering
Fred van Houten
Packaging Design
Roland ten Klooster
Surface
Technology
and Tribology
Dik Schipper
Product Design
Arthur Eger
Design History
J.W. Drukker
Experimental
Psychology
Willem Verwey
Market- &
Organisation
Dynamics
André Dorée
Engineering
Fibrous Smart
Materials
Marijn Warmoeskerken
Product Realisation
Wim Poelman
Applied
Mechanics
Andre de Boer
Social Safety
Studies
Marianne Junger
The involved chairs not only take part in IDE, but also in Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and
Biomechanical Engineering. The interdisciplinary structure of the IDE research is fundamental for the Master
track called Emerging Technology Design, coordinated by Professor De Boer. The translation of technological
opportunities within the university into products is one of the unique selling points of IDE in Twente.
Members of the IDE group meet regularly on an formal and informal basis,
this picture was taken during the morning coffee break.
These interdisciplinary cooperation linkages have resulted in the following list of programmes and
programme leaders:
Programme level and programme leaders
1 Design Engineering:
2 Evolutionary Product Development:
3 Product Realisation:
Sub-programmes and leaders
1 Design Engineering and Packaging Design:
Associated with chair:
Theme 1.1 Design, Methods and Tools
1.1.1 Management of Product Development
1.1.2 Use Anticipation in Product Design
1.1.3 Computational Synthesis
Theme 1.2 Energy and Sustainability
1.2.1 Sustainable Energy Design
1.2.2 Product Life Cycle Management
Theme 1.3 Integration and Hybrid System Design
1.3.1 Integrated Development of New Products and Processes
1.3.2 Design Support for Mechatronic Systems
1.3.3 Packaging Design and Management (part-time chair)
2 Evolutionary Product Development:
2.1 Evolutionary Product Development
2.2 History / Design History
3 Product Realisation
3.1 Technology Diffusion
3.2 Mobility, Sociality and Safety
3.3 Industrial Building Innovation
3.4 Cradle to Cradle
Not associated with chair:
3.5 Transformable Green Buildings
3.6 Materials Engineering
3.7 Biomedical Product Design
3.8 Sound Design and Perception
3.9 Friction and Tactility in Product-User Interactions
Van Houten
Eger
Poelman
Van Houten
Lutters
Van der Voort
Tragter
Reinders
Toxopeus
Vaneker
Bonnema
Ten Klooster
Eger
Eger
Drukker
Poelman
Beusenberg
Poelman
Poelman
Poelman
Durmisevic
Akkerman
Koopman
De Boer
Schipper
3 STRATEGY AND POLICY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The fact that the new IDE programme was not embedded in a new faculty but integrated in the existing
Faculty of Engineering Technology is regarded as an asset rather than a constraint in the development
of the research. The vision behind the policy underlying the research programme of Industrial Design
Engineering is illustrated below with some reflections. The first reflection is about the concept of products as the subject of IDE. The second reflection is about
evolutionary product development which is an important starting point for education as well as for
research. The third reflection is about the relation between design and fundamental research.
3.2 THE CONCEPT OF PRODUCTS
The University of Twente distinguishes itself both in education and research in the approach with respect
to the phenomenon ‘product’.
Time period
Industrial Revolution:
Late 1960s
Late 1990s
Twente, early 21st century:
Scope
production process
design process
user behaviour
entrepreneurship
Outcome
> product
> product
> product
> product
During the Industrial Revolution, a product was regarded as the output of a production process. The word
‘product’ has its roots in that period in which manufacturing was the main challenge.
At the start of the IDE Department in Delft (1969), the challenge had moved from production of products
to the design of products. Key question was how industrially made products could be taken to a higher
level of form and function. This is in the tradition of the Faculty of Architecture in Delft, which formed
the roots of Industrial Design Engineering. Architects became interested in the potential for designers of
industrial manufacturing of mainly interior products.
In the last decennium, attention moved again, this time from the design problem to the user; user-centred
design became the starting point of extensive research activities.
The University of Eindhoven started up ID at around the time when this shift of interest was taking place,
which can be observed in its activities in which user interaction is very important.
Twente has chosen a different starting point. For many years now, Twente has positioned itself as an
entrepreneurial university. For Industrial Design Engineering, this implies that the starting point is in the
first place the company involved, a company in need of new commercial activities. As a university, we
therefore concentrate on the development of knowledge that can help companies to be successful in this
respect. This does not mean that the research only focuses on the commercial aspects of products. All
research should contribute to three domains: people, planet and profit.
Unique for IDE at the University of Twente is the explicit role with respect to valorisation of technology
within the university. IDE is regarded as a key discipline for application of technology for human benefit.
This role is implemented in what is called Emerging Technology Design (ETD). Professor De Boer
coordinates a special Master programme dedicated to ETD.
Starting points of Industrial Design Engineering in Twente are reflected in the individual chairs. For
example, in the chair of Product Design of Professor Eger, research is organised around a clear model of
how product types develop during their existence, called the Evolutionary Product Development model
(EPD). The first phase in this development is often based on emerging technologies. This model is a
research subject itself and provides a foothold for companies to develop a product plan for the future as
well as for researchers in the area of industrial design to position their activities. This theory is explained
in Section 3.3.
Special about the research policy of IDE is the embedding in the traditional, linear research chain which
starts with fundamental research and ends with practical application in products and services. Design
and styling is not only regarded as an output of this chain but also as an input for new fundamental
research activities where it provides research questions for the natural and engineering sciences as well
as the social sciences and humanities. This is elucidated in section 3.4.
3.3 EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT DESIGN
The model explains that each of six product phases displays a typical pattern of product characteristics.
Every company making money through the development, production or marketing of products will have
to deal with this phenomenon. Managing it requires skills with respect to management of product
development and design methodology, but also a sound awareness of design history. In practice, products in each phase can be found on the market and for every phase specific knowledge is
required.
Figure 3 Model for Evolutionary Product Development (Eger, 2007)
Awareness
nt
Design
me or y
p
o
t
l
& styling
Individualisation
v e hi s
e
d n
c t sig
du , D e
Segmentation
o
pr g y
of olo
Manufacturing
t
n od
Itemisation
me e t h
e
ag m
an g n
Optimisation
M D e si
Emerging
Technology Design
Performance
Generally speaking, the emphasis in the first phase - performance - is on new technologies. At this point,
the nearby presence of technical specialists is advantageous to IDE, in the field of new materials as well as
IT knowledge. New product functions are developed for which the functional performance of the products
is the main challenge at that point. Tools like scenario application and creativity techniques can help to
define completely new functions. New approaches like emerging product design and sources of innovation
can help develop these new products. In the second phase - optimisation - new knowledge is required.
The market no longer accepts imperfections and other disciplines become important. Manufacturing
technology and quality control become increasingly relevant. Product development is aimed at improving
performance, better reliability, improvement of ergonomics and safety. In the third phase - itemisation high quality and safety no longer suffice. Ergonomics and styling become important success factors.
Research in the field of man-machine interfaces starts playing a role. Product development endeavours
to develop extra features and accessories, including special editions of the product for different trade
channels and target groups (segmentation). The last three phases co-exist. Product development is either
aimed at the extra features and accessories, including special editions, or at mass customisation or cocreation, thus allowing the customer to influence the final result (individualisation). The social behaviour
of the company or organisation behind the product is becoming more and more important to the customer
(awareness). The company can be successful with products that become more attractive during use
(‘positive aging’).
The EPD model provides a useful idea how several categories of knowledge are linked to product
development. The model described in the next section will focus on the position of product design in
relation to fundamental and engineering knowledge.
3.4 KNOWLEDGE CYCLE OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN ENGINEERING
The discipline of industrial design engineering can be characterised by the knowledge cycle (see Figure 4).
Figure 4 Breakdown of research and design activities
RESEARCH
Fundamental
research
DEVELOPMENT
Technical
systems
development
Applied
research
Commercial
systems
development
PROCESS
DESIGN
Design
& styling
Application
design
With fundamental and applied research as an input, the Faculty of Engineering Technology is strong in the
development of technical systems and even, together with companies, in the development of commercial
systems. Application design is not new either in this Faculty. This cannot be claimed of design and styling,
which was the missing link for establishing an educational and research programme in Industrial Design
Engineering. In the well known linear model of research to market, design and styling seems distant from
fundamental research, but design and styling is directly connected to fundamental research questions of
both a technical nature and a human science nature. Below, some examples are provided for (natural and)
engineering sciences as well as for the social sciences.
Engineering sciences:
- New functionalities of materials and coatings;
- New driving, heating, cooling and lighting systems.
Social and behavioural sciences:
- Psychological and social aspects of products;
- History of artefacts;
- Form semantics.
At the moment, we are seeing a growing involvement of fundamental research groups in the IDE
programme; this will become clear in Part B of this report.
3.5 DEMARCATION OF IDE RESEARCH
The reflections above, combined with the opportunities, have resulted in a research programme
which is distributed over three full chairs: Design Engineering (Van Houten), Product Design (Eger) and
Product Realisation (Poelman). General programme leader is Professor Van Houten. The part-time chair
in Packaging Design and Management of Professor Ten Klooster was added to the chair for Design
Technology and the part-time chair History of Design of Professor Drukker was added to the chair of
Product Design. In the following Sections, the focus of all chairs relevant to IDE is discussed, starting with
the directly involved chairs.
Directly involved chairs
ADesign Engineering, Professor Van Houten
The new chair in Design Engineering was founded in 1998 and Professor Van Houten was appointed. In
2000, he was asked by the Dean to start a joint exploration of the possibility to start a Bachelor/Master
curriculum in Industrial Design Engineering. Time was short because the new educational programme
was planned for September 2001. An enthusiastic group of young staff members spent many hours
putting the curriculum together and finding outside expertise to help realising it. The second IDE chair
- in Product Design - was established in 2003, with the appointment of Professor Eger. The research
domain of the Design Engineering group was historically based on work in the field of Production
Engineering, not so much on the technology of manufacturing processes but more on automation and
informational support. In the early 1990s, the group was very successful in Computer Automation of
Process Planning (CAPP). An offspring company was founded to exploit and further develop the PART
system and is still a successful business with the commercialised results of research. Crossing the
border of CAD/CAM, research was done on automatic tolerance allocation, constraint-based geometry
generation and the so-called what-if system, finally resulting in information management for design
processes and design tools. Another important topic was life cycle engineering. After the instantiation
of IDE, its research portfolio was extended with physical and cognitive ergonomics and user-centred
design, as well as mechatronic design and system engineering, and sustainable energy design.
BProduct Design, Professor Eger
The chair Product Design aims to develop qualitative and – if possible – quantitative methods for the
analysis of the history of products and for the development of new products. The product phase model
plays a key role and serves as a guideline in the Product Design research plan. Starting from the well
known six phases of the economic product life cycle (development, pioneering, penetration, growth,
maturity, saturation), these phases are combined with a qualitative model of six product phases
(performance, optimisation, itemisation, segmentation, individualisation and awareness). The most
important aspect of this model is that the type of dominant product development is also influenced
by the place the product occupies in its life cycle. The main practical implication is that one needs to
consider this relationship explicitly when choosing specific product development activities, while the
chance of success during the product development process can be enhanced when the life cycle is
considered. Research areas are Evolutionary Product Development, Gender and Design and Co-Creation.
In research, the concept of a product is relatively broad; a product can also be interpreted as a service.
CProduct Realisation, Professor Poelman
The chair Product Realisation was founded in December 2008 with the appointment of Dr Poelman as
the first professor and is still in its start-up period. The chair is positioned between the ‘human/soft’
and the ‘technological/hard’ aspects of industrial design engineering. Design and styling as well as
ergonomics and design history are regarded as soft aspects, while e.g. construction, material sciences
and mechatronics are regarded as hard aspects.
In the context of industrial design engineering, a distinction is made between three kinds of technology:
Product technology (aimed at the functioning of products), manufacturing technology (aimed at the
parts production and assembly) and design engineering (aimed at the methods and tools for design).
Manufacturing technology and design engineering are well covered by existing chairs. Hence, the chair
for Product Realisation will mainly focus on product technology.
DDesign History, Professor Drukker
Design is an important aspect of, and embedded in, material culture. Therefore, it is important to
pay attention to the role of culture in design, which is best understood in a historical perspective.
Interestingly, all explanation in cultural history is nowadays deeply influenced by evolutionary models.
So design history, as one of the pillars of the Product Design group, acts as a ‘servant of two masters’.
On the one hand, it tries to provide a cultural basis for the research carried out by Professor Eger, aimed
at the further elaboration, testing and refinement of his model of evolutionary product development. On
the other hand, a small number of independent PhD projects in design history and institutional history
are carried out: Unruly Product Design, History of the University of Twente, and History of the Science
Centre NEMO. Finally, Professor Drukker recently took the initiative for a research project aiming at a
reformulation of basic principles of design history in an evolutionary perspective. Publications stemming
from this project will be published in a series of articles in international journals, and will finally be
summarised in a book, planned for publication in 2011.
E Packaging Design, Professor Ten Klooster
The research of Professor Ten Klooster concentrates on raising professionalism in the world of
packaging. Mistakes are often made in this field of design. For example, many projects lead to designs
that are not producible, the cost of products being thrown away in the packaging chain exceeds the
value of the used packaging and packaging materials, and many graphical designs cannot be realised.
Therefore, several themes have been set up to overcome such problems. The chair is funded by eleven
companies and discussions are held with these companies twice a year on the themes and results to
ensure continued contact with the market and its insights.
Associated chairs
Within the framework of the new IDE Master track of Emerging Technology Design, there are
opportunities to carry out research which is focused on product applications of new technologies. The
contribution of the following research groups to the IDE research programme is typical for the ETD
approach.
F Surface Technology and Tribology, Professor Schipper
As a result of biomedical developments, there is an urgent need for tribological knowledge of soft
tissues (tactile contact). Therefore, the Surface Technology and Tribology group started this theme a
few years ago. Within the biotribology area, the main focus is on the interaction between human skin
and objects. These objects can be of a range of types, with applications varying from medical and
leisure to design and engineering and include both static contact and dynamic contact. Sub-micrometer
texturing of surfaces is another research topic related to Industrial Design.
GProduction Technology, Professor Akkerman
The establishment of the IDE programme reinforces the links between research and product
development and widens the scope for research related to materials and production technology.
Interests shared with IDE are the application of new materials and processes in new products, on the
one hand when considering society’s needs for safety and sustainability and on the other hand when
considering the specific opportunities of composite materials for construction applications and of
advanced (composite) materials with added functionality.
HApplied Mechanics, Professor De Boer
Consumer product development research can benefit from theory and methods developed in the
Applied Mechanics group. This could be a good base for valorisation. Acoustics is attracting a growing
interest in the circles of industrial designers. A product’s sound influences the overall experience of the
product considerably and sound also plays an important role in user interfaces. In the past, the research
of De Boer was mainly positioned in the area of mechanical engineering. Recently, several Master
projects have been carried out in the area of IDE.
I Biomechanical Engineering, Professor Koopman
Biomechanical Engineering applies a systems approach to the human locomotor apparatus and
combines fundamental research with the development of supporting devices. The group has developed
a coherent expertise with clear research lines, to which each staff member contributes. The vast
increase of educational tasks, with the development of three new educational programmes (IDE, BME
started in 2001, and TM in 2003) and the large increase of Master students, contributed to the growth
of the Biomechanical Engineering group and cooperation with IDE.
J Thermal Engineering, Professor Van der Meer
There are possibilities for research in the area of the 3TU Sustainable Energy Technology Master
programme. A joint project for fuel cell integration in consumer products is in preparation. A new
opportunity in cooperation is found in the new Master course for Architectural Building Components
Design and Engineering. A strong cooperation with Dr Reinders (Design Engineering) already exists
in the field of solar energy systems. Several Master projects are carried out in the field of solar energy
applications. Cooperation has now also started in the field of the application of phase change materials
in building components like dormers.
KElastomer Technology and Engineering, Professor Noordermeer
Elastomers are materials typically suitable for use in consumer products. This research group is unique
in the Netherlands. In the past, knowledge from this group was applied in several Master projects.
Especially interesting for future research is the application of elastomers in dynamic applications
in which products or components change form, influenced by human control or sensoring. Change
of form could be realised with technologies like memory metal and piezo, but also with traditional,
but integrated actuators. An example of a project proposed in the context of IMPACT (Institute of
Mechanics, Processes and Control, Twente) is Enriched Expression of Humanoids.
L Engineering Fibrous Smart Materials, Professor Warmoeskerken
Smart textiles are defined as textiles which adapt to circumstances. This can be realised by the material
itself or by integrating electronic devices into the fabric. Nanotechnology plays an important role, e.g.
inkjet printing of layers which can make textile hydrophobic on one side and hydrophilic on the other,
preventing moist penetrating in one direction. Smart textiles offer many challenges for new applications
for IDE as well as for the construction industry, where the application of textile in facades is growing.
Associated chairs outside the Faculty
M Philosophy, Professor Verbeek
Professor Verbeek’s research focuses on the social and cultural roles of technology and the ethical
and anthropological aspects of human-technology relations. He analyses how technologies mediate
human actions and experiences, with applications to industrial design. He studies the interaction
between technology and behaviour, and its relevance to technology design and environmental policy.
Currently, Verbeek is working on the project ‘Technology and the limits of humanity’, which deals with
the ethics and anthropology of post-humanism, about human enhancement technology and its ethical
and anthropological implications (NWO VIDI grant 2007). He recently completed the project Technology
and the Matter of Morality, concerning the moral significance of technologies, and its implications for
ethical theory and the ethics of technology design (NWO VENI grant 2003).
NAdvanced robotics, Professor Stramigioli
Robotics has not been an important issue in IDE yet, but it will be in the near future. The need for
intelligent mechanical devices for service purposes will grow considerably and in the design, the
emphasis will change from technology to functionality, utility and usability. As already indicated sub
K, one of the issues will be the improvement of the expression of the robot by form (face) speech and
gestures. New archetypes will be developed for robots in several application areas. The developments
will take place in a special lab which is a joint initiative of the chairs of Van Houten and Stramigioli.
OExperimental Psychology, Professor Verwey
Professor Verwey has already been involved in the research programme ‘Use Anticipation in Product
Design’. Experimental psychology is an important discipline for industrial design with respect to aspects
like the design of experience and forecasting of human behaviour as a result of new product functions.
One of the issues for the future will be the introduction of domotics and other technical conveniences
for elderly people. Simulations conducted in the Virtual Reality Lab will be an important research tool
for behavioural research.
PSafety Studies, Professor Junger
The research of Professor Junger is focussed on Crime Science. In this context, she has initiated an interfaculty research group with the same name. Poelman represents the Faculty of Engineering Technology
in this group and covers the subjects of vandal-proof design and influencing unwanted behaviour
by interactive technology. Design for crime prevention is an issue of growing interest. In London, a
specialised design school has been established and cooperation with this school will be aimed for.
QMarketing Communication and Consumer Psychology, Professor Pruyn
Marketing and communication are important issues for IDE. Professor Pruyn is involved in several
project proposals, e.g. in the field of interactive technology for crowd control, and has cooperated in the
human interaction research with Dr Van der Voort.
4 RESEARCHERS AND OTHER PERSONNEL
Table 1a Research staff at institutional level
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Sum
2003-08
2009
Tenured staff
3.96
4.65
5.01
5.02
6.22
8.03
32.89
8.94
Non tenured staff
0.08
0.28
0
0
0.27
1.67
2.30
1.74
PhD students
1.52
2.91
4.31
7.69
10.26
13.20
39.99
17.66
7.84
9.32
12.71
16.75
22.90
75.18
28.34
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Sum
2003-08
2009
3.50
3.45
3.41
4.98
21.37
5.08
0.87
1.23
1.24
Institute
Total staff
5.66
Table 1b Research staff at programme level
2003
Design Engineering
Tenured staff
2.83
3.20
Non tenured staff
0.08
0.28
PhD students
0.80
2.20
3.14
4.84
6.46
8.10
25.64
8.43
5.68
6.64
8.29
9.87
13.95
48.24
14.75
2.42
Total staff
3.71
Evolutionary Product Development
0.54
0.80
0.80
0.80
1.99
2.10
7.03
Non tenured staff
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PhD students
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.94
1.01
1.55
0.80
0.80
0.80
2.06
3.04
8.04
3.97
0.59
0.65
0.71
0.77
0.82
0.95
4.49
1.44
0
0
0
0
0.27
0.80
1.07
0.50
Tenured staff
Total staff
0.54
Product Realisation
Tenured staff
Non tenured staff
PhD students
0.72
0.71
1.17
2.85
3.73
4.16
13.34
7.68
Total staff
1.31
1.36
1.88
3.62
4.82
5.91
18.90
9.62
5 RESOURCES, FUNDING AND FACILITIES
Table 2a Funding and expenditure at institutional level
Funding (K euro)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Direct Funding
2.010
2.061
2.837
2.332
2.890
3.861
4
0
0
0
0
0
109
114
683
945
1.313
1504
Research Funding
Contracts including indirect funding
Other
14
27
19
30
37
27
Total including work in progress
2.137
2.201
3.540
3.307
4240
5.392
Expenditure (K euro)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Personnel costs
1.803
1.922
2.041
2.421
2.691
3.030
Other costs
130
234
244
404
326
350
Indirect Funding
240
287
1.015
821
531
2.579
2.137
2.443
3.300
3.646
3.548
5.959
Funding (%)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
94
94
80
71
68
72
Research Funding
0
0
0
0
0
0
Contracts including indirect funding
5
5
19
29
31
28
Direct Funding
Other
1
1
1
1
1
1
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Expenditure (%)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
83
79
62
66
76
75
6
10
7
11
9
9
11
12
31
23
15
16
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Personnel costs
Other costs
Indirect Funding
Table 2b Funding at research programme level
Funding (K euro)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Design Engineering
2.137
2.201
3.540
2.980
3.772
4.609
327
468
778
Product Realisation
5
Total
2.137
2.201
3.540
3.307
4.240
5.392
Funding (%)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
100
100
100
90
89
85
10
11
14
100%
100%
100%
Design Engineering
Product Realisation
Total
1
100%
100%
100%
6 PROCESSES IN RESEARCH, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
COLLABORATION
lnternal quality management and information exchange
As mentioned before, the Faculty of Engineering Technology has a Management Team, a Chamber of
Professors, and three Disciplinary Science Councils. The Dean chairs the meetings of the Management
Team with the Chamber and the Councils. The Council for Industrial Design Engineering meets every
month to discuss the research strategy and the curriculum.
Internal collaboration
At the University of Twente, collaboration, cohesion, quality and critical mass of research programmes
are realised by the establishment of research institutes (see also Section A2), which enhances the
cooperation across the boundaries of the individual faculties.
The research affiliations of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering Technology
(CTW) are mainly with the institutes IMPACT and IBR. The Biomechanical Engineering group fully participates
in MIRA. Furthermore, some research activities are part of the research programmes of CTIT and MESA+.
The research of IMPACT, the main partner of the IDE group, focuses on the mechanics of fluids, solids
and systems, on chemical reactions and process technology and on control. In these areas, the Institute
covers the full range from exploration and thorough understanding of the underlying principles of physics,
chemistry, mechanics and mathematics to the development of tools for practical applications.
The following statement captures the main mission of the Institute.
IMPACT generates technologically relevant knowledge to enable:
(i) Optimisation of products, processes and methods;
(ii) Improvement of sustainability;
(iii) Minimisation of the environmental imprints of processes and products.
External collaboration
At the national level, the Department operates in several formal research collaborations, the 3TU, the
research schools, the Leading Technological Institutes and the Large Technological Institutes. In addition,
there are international affiliations as described later.
1. The federation of the three technological universities
In February 2007, the three technological universities in the Netherlands established an alliance with the
aim to cooperate on education and research.
In order to enhance the cooperation, so-called Centres of Competence (CoC) were formed on the
following five subjects: (1) high-tech systems, (2) information and communication technology, (3)
sustainable energy, (4) application of nanotechnology and (5) fluid and solid mechanics. For Industrial
Design Engineering, the CoCs on high-tech systems, sustainable energy, information and communication
technology, and on fluid and solid mechanics are of interest.
In addition, six Centres of Excellence (CoEs) were formed to give an extra push to research in the fields of
(1) intelligent mechatronic systems, (2) dependable ICT systems, (3) sustainable energy technologies, (4)
multi-scale phenomena, (5) bio-nano applications and (6) ethics and technology.
A number of new professors in the mentioned CoE fields are being appointed within the framework of this
cooperation. For the Faculty, a chair on Multi-Scale Mechanics and a chair on Automation and Control
have been established.
2. Research schools
In the Netherlands, so-called national research schools were established with the aim to enhance the
cooperation between research groups of different universities. These research schools organise yearly
symposia and courses for PhD students, to introduce them to the most recent developments in their
discipline.
The Department is involved in several national research schools like DISC (Dutch Institute of Systems and
Control) and The Netherlands Research School of Integrated Design and Manufacturing (IPV), which is
currently in the process of being converted to a national research school on Industrial Design Engineering.
The University of Twente has recently started the Twente Graduate School, aiming at bundling research
programmes on specific topics; six programmes have been admitted in the first application round. A
programme on multi-functional integrated structures has been submitted by the Faculty of Engineering
Technology and another application on sustainability is under preparation.
3. Leading Technology Institutes (LTIs):
A substantial part of the research of the Dutch universities is carried out in the framework of one of the
four national so-called Leading Technology Institutes (LTIs).
These institutes were established by the Ministry of Economic affairs in 1997, with the aim of improving
the international competitive position of The Netherlands.
Typically, 25 percent of the research is paid by the industry and 50 percent by the government. The
remainder is matched by the universities. The actual research programmes are conducted mainly by PhD
students and post-doctoral researchers.
The Faculty participates in two of the LTIs, namely NIMR and DPI.
ffNetherlands Institute for Metals Research (NIMR)
NIMR initiates and coordinates academic research on metal production and forming processes. The
three Dutch Technical Universities, the University of Groningen, the German RWTH Aachen and
nearly all Dutch high-tech metal industries participate in NIMR. Professor Huétink, head of the group
Mechanics of Forming Technology, is one of the academic founders of NIMR.
NIMR conducts a focussed, application-oriented research programme supported by a more long-term
oriented strategic programme in which NIMR collaborates with other Dutch research organisations and
by participation in international programmes. NIMR has become the main platform for the interaction
between academia and the metals industry and forms an essential part of the knowledge infrastructure
of the Dutch metals industry.
ffDutch Polymer Institute (DPI)
DPI was founded in 1998 and set up to perform exploratory research in the area of polymer materials.
Its industrial partners and knowledge institutes are equally distributed over the Netherlands and
foreign (mainly European) countries. Professor Noordermeer has been a member of the board of DPI
since 2000, presently in his role as Scientific Programme Chairman for Rubber Technology.
DPI funds pre-competitive research and provides a unique platform for generating awareness of new
technology, in which participating industrial companies communicate on a pre-competitive basis to
trigger innovation. Since its start, DPI has been highly successful in integrating the scientific disciplines
and know-how of universities into what is called the chain of knowledge needed to create the
conditions for making breakthrough inventions and triggering industrial innovation.
4. Large Technological Institutes and TNO
In the Netherlands, the four so-called Large Technological Institutes (GTIs) and TNO form a bridge
between the development of new fundamental knowledge, mainly at the universities, and the further
development to actual products and processes by the industry.
For a number of disciplines, they prepare the step from fundamental knowledge to technology readiness.
The Department has links to the following organisations:
-- ECN (Energy Research Centre of The Netherlands);
-- MARIN (Maritime Research Institute Netherlands);
-- NLR (National Aerospace Laboratory);
-- DELTARES (Institute for Delta Technology), which was recently founded and includes the former Delft
Hydraulic Institute (WL) and the national institute for Geo-Engineering (GeoDelft);
-- TNO (Netherlands organisation for applied scientific research) which is the largest organisation in this
respect and has clustered a variety of disciplines into five core areas of which the area Science and
Technology is the obvious partner for our Department.
Three years ago, the government took a critical look at the functioning of the Large Technological
Institutes and TNO. One outcome is that the programming of these institutes should become more driven
by the demands of industry and society. Another outcome is the urgent recommendation to intensify the
collaboration between the universities and the Large Technological Institutes and TNO.
The Faculty of Engineering Technology has taken the lead to establish joint programmes between the
University of Twente and the above mentioned institutes. Emphasis will be put on long-term, more
fundamentally oriented types of collaborative programmes.
5. Structural linkages with industries
ffTenCate
The textile industry, formerly omnipresent in the Twente region, now serves a limited number of niche
areas, an approach that is highly successful on the global market: artificial grass, advanced textiles
and advanced composites. The Faculty is the natural research partner for these product developments.
Co-operative projects are performed in artificial grass (Design Engineering) and aerospace (Production
Technology) with various PhD projects completed and ongoing.
ffCorus
The cooperation with Corus (formerly Hoogovens) has existed for over two decades. Corus has financed
several PhD research projects, mainly in the field of numerical simulations of forming processes. After
the establishment of NIMR, the cooperation with Corus became part of the NIMR research programme
as Corus is the main industrial partner of NIMR. The cooperation was extended to the groups
Mechanical Automation, and Surface Technology and Tribology.
ffDaimler A.G.
For several years, intensive cooperation of the Design Engineering group with Daimler A.G. has led
to several PhD projects with the Daimler Research Lab in Ulm, Germany. During the review period,
five of these projects were completed. Meanwhile, additional projects with the product development
department of Mercedes Benz have started in the field of motion capturing, visualisation of non
geometric data, and template design.
ffThales
T-Xchange is a joint initiative of the Faculty of Engineering Technology and Thales.
T-Xchange carries out innovation projects on a commercial basis. T-Xchange staff is employed partly by
the University and partly by Thales Netherlands. This is a typical example of facility-sharing and intensive
industry-university cooperation. More information can be found in the B section under Design Engineering.
ffVDT/ Bosch
VDT has been producing continuous variable transmissions for decades. The research cooperation first
focused on improving the efficiency (friction and load-carrying capacity) for medium and high power
applications. Recently, the life time of the transmission became the mean research topic (Surface
Technology and Tribology).
ffProRail /NS Reizigers The AdRem project addresses problems of slippery tracks and the consequences for safety, punctuality
(corporate image) and technical issues like damage to rails and wheels. Several PhD projects are ongoing.
ffNedTrain
NedTrain finances a part-time chair in the field of Design for Maintainability. The first NedTrain
sponsored PhD project in the field of maintenance issues has recently started.
ffStork
Stork is a larger industrial conglomerate in the Netherlands, focusing on aerospace, food systems
and technical services. Various groups co-operate with Stork in aerospace (Mechanics of Forming,
Production Technology, Structural Dynamics and Acoustics) and technical services (Engineering Fluid
Dynamics) in a number of PhD projects.
6. International collaboration
Most of the international collaborations with other universities and research organisations are projectbased. A number of our groups participate in European Framework Programmes.
Our multidisciplinary approach makes us an interesting research partner, while this approach also requires
collaboration with other disciplines and other research groups. More details are given in the B3 parts of
the reports of the respective research groups.
7 ACADEMIC REPUTATION
Staff members of IDE are members of editorial boards of international refereed journals. In addition,
tenured staff and PhD students have presented their work in refereed journals and at numerous
international conferences. Several members have received personal grants to develop their scientific work.
The research groups have been successful in attracting research funds from national and international
scientific programmes and from the industry.
More details with respect to academic reputation can be found in the B sections, contributed by the
respective research groups.
Highlights of the past reporting period are:
- Appointment of Professor van Houten as Vice President Elect of the International Academy for
Production Engineering (CIRP) in 2008;
- Election of Professor van Houten as member of the German Academy of Science and Engineering
(acatech) in 2009;
- The Gold medal of the International Rubber Conference Organisation (IRCO) for Professor Noordermeer in
2005.
8 INTERNAL EVALUATION
Internally, projects are evaluated at several levels. The research groups are embedded in the institutes of
the University of Twente and large parts of the research are also positioned in national research schools.
These institutes and research schools have their own sets of criteria for output and quality and the
incorporation of our research can be regarded as an indication of recognition of its high standards.
Many of the research projects are externally funded, implying that the projects undergo an extensive
and thorough peer review procedure by the funding organisations such as STW, NWO and the EU.
Additionally, direct research contracts from the industry can be regarded as proven quality.
9 EXTERNAL VALIDATION
The research results of IDE are successfully implemented in practice. Knowledge transfer is an important
objective of the group and takes place in a number of ways:
-- Dissemination of results occurs at conferences and seminars, via guest lectures and in public media
(transparency is an important condition for quality).
-- A large number of projects are funded directly by users and practitioners.
-- Collaboration with institutes for applied research is a given.
-- There is involvement of users’ committees at the project level.
-- There is also involvement in several in-company courses and committees.
All groups have strong ties with the industry, institutes for applied science, societal organisations and
various Ministries; this contributes to the direct applicability of the research results. Collaboration with
the government and professional partners is strongly stimulated in order to disseminate research findings
and to gain insight in the knowledge demands from practice.
10 OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS
Table 3 Aggregated results of the institute
Academic
publications
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
a. PhD. Theses
+ external
2
2
1
0
1
1
5
11
1
3
b. In refereed
journals
1
10
4
7
2
17
41
28
c. Conference
Proceedings
5
13
16
24
32
1
64
153
32
d. Monographs and
editorial books
1
2
0
0
1
4
8
0
0
3
2
2
3
3
13
7
Total
9
30
22
33
41
93
228
71
Professional publications and products
5
18
12
9
12
38
93
15
Patents
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
e. Book chapters
Sum
2003-08 2009
2003
11 ANALYSIS, PERSPECTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS FOR THE
INSTITUTE
When looking critically at the research situation in the IDE field, we can identify several strong points.
For example within the University of Twente, the thresholds to other disciplines and also to companies
in the neighbourhood are low. Unique is that human sciences are present at the same university. From
the viewpoint of human resources, there is a good balance between senior and junior researchers and
generally spoken, they show an entrepreneurial attitude. IDE started with a limited budget in combination
with a heavy workload for educational tasks. The curriculum had to be developed first, at the cost of
research. Apart from the role the factor time plays, this is related to the fact that several of the new staff
members were recruited to fulfil educational tasks as the highest priority.
Focusing the research programme has been quite difficult because of the fact that the educational scope
intrinsically should be wide. However, this is not necessarily to be regarded as negative. The evolvement
of a research programme should be based on organic development. Research questions will have the
opportunity to emerge from industry and society.
The research programme of the Design Engineering chair has its roots in the mechanical engineering
domain. Since 2001, the programme has been extended and modified into the direction of subjects that
are relevant for IDE as well. As that group still also participates in the Mechanical Engineering curriculum
and in many research projects in that field, its profile is not as specifically dedicated to IDE as that of the
other two chairs.
The latter two chairs (Product Design and Product Realisation) had more freedom in formulating their research
agendas and it was decided to implement them in a dynamic way. A completely planned and fixed research
programme would prohibit the adaptability to changing circumstances. Because of this – what might, at first
sight, look like a disadvantage relative to established IDE research programs like the one at Delft University of
Technology – the University of Twente has the opportunity to jump into niche markets like the construction
industry and product life cycle engineering for consumer products and capital goods. Especially the focus on
research questions which are related to commercial issues is important in the programme.
In Route 14, the research policy that the University of Twente has developed for the coming years, further
merging between the social sciences and the natural and engineering sciences is stimulated. This offers
opportunities for IDE. As the research institutes are primarily organised by cluster of disciplines, IDEoriented research will by definition stimulate the integration of disciplines and therefore, will fully meet
the requirements of Route 14 policy.
All of the above will have to take place against the background of some constraints, such as severe
primary budget cuts and the extra attention that is still required for educational tasks. This is all
happening in a period in which one might expect less (financial) involvement of industry as a result of the
economic crisis.
Strengths
----------
Embedded in Faculty of Engineering Technology
Strong foundation with respect to technical aspects
Low threshold to other disciplines
Intensive cooperation with industry
Social sciences at same university
Good laboratory infrastructure, in particular for Virtual Reality
Good balance between junior and senior researchers
Entrepreneurial attitude
Strong regional links
Weaknesses
-- Limited primary budget in combination with heavy workload for educational tasks has consequences
for time available for research
-- Initially, additional manpower was recruited with education as main task
-- Complex matrix organisation demands a lot of time and attention
Opportunities
-- Young and flexible organisation
-- Low barriers between other disciplines within the University
-- Support from University’s Route 14 policy for integration of social sciences and natural and engineering
sciences
-- Niche market developments, like IDE for building industry
Threats
-- Primary funding cuts
-- Still a lot of extra attention required for educational tasks
-- Decrease of involvement of industry as a result of economic recession
Analysis
Three focal areas of research can be distinguished within the IDE research programme: Design
knowledge, product knowledge and manufacturing knowledge (see Fig. 5). In each of these areas,
research is carried out, as follows:
- Capability to design products:
design technology
- Capability to realise functions: product technology
- Capability to manufacture products: manufacturing technology
Technology has historically developed top-down. First, there were artefacts, made by handicraft. During
the Industrial Revolution, we learned to industrialise the manufacture of products. As products as well as
manufacturing processes became more complex, we needed new technologies to design those products:
CAD, computer simulation, rapid prototyping etc.
Figure 5 The relation between product knowledge,
design knowledge and manufacturing knowledge
Design
knowledge
New design
questions and
opportunities from
product technology
Product
knowledge
New design
questions and
opportunities from
manufacturing
New manufacturing
questions and
opportunities
Manufacturing
knowledge
However, we see a development in another direction too. Design technology (e.g. rapid prototyping)
enables new manufacturing technology (e.g. rapid manufacturing). New manufacturing technology (e.g.
miniaturisation) enables new product concepts (e.g. all kinds of portable equipment).
The combination of these technologies in one faculty is beneficial for the cooperation between the
research groups. Design technology research is mainly carried out by the chair for Design Engineering
(Van Houten). Research on the link between product functionality and user experience is carried out by
the chair for Product Design (Eger). Research on product technology is the domain represented by the
chair for Product Realisation (Poelman). Of course, potential product technology is also researched and
developed by many other chairs within the University, from informatics to nanotechnology. Manufacturing
technology research is mainly carried out by the chair for Production Technology (Akkerman), but also by
the chairs of Van Houten and Huétink.
The scenario for the further extension of IDE research is controlled growth based on the profile that has
been established until now. Scientific quality is an absolute premise both with respect to the acquisition
of new staff members as well as to their scientific output in the form of publications in international
high-ranking journals. As IDE is an engineering discipline, also other products of scientific work should be
taken into account. For engineers, the participation in conferences is very important. There they can test
their ideas and pick up new ones quickly by direct confrontation with their peers. In a fast-moving world,
it is extremely important to publish quickly. The Internet is a publication and communication medium
very suitable for engineers. Moreover, because it is officially possible to acquire a PhD on a design, this
needs to be stimulated in particular among industrial designers. Their quality should be judged against a
combination of papers and products.
The research policy for IDE should follow the priorities set by the University’s research agenda and the
needs of the customers. The customers consist of the following four groups:
- The students: The most important products of a University are knowledgeable and skilful people who
are capable of producing new knowledge. In other words, the prime objects of interest of a University
are its students. There should be a distinct relationship between the objects set for the curriculum and
the research topics being worked on. The prime research goal is education.
- The industry: The majority of students, including those who obtain a PhD, will finally acquire a job
outside academia. They should be capable of achieving breakthrough developments for society in the
form of new products and services. This will usually be done in an industrial context. The industry
needs good engineers and engineers need challenging jobs. Research project carried out with industry
give the students the feeling that they work on relevant problems. One should, however, be careful that
the industrial setting in terms of planning and control of PhD projects does not hamper creativity and
the emergence of original ideas.
- The universities: A minor fraction of the students with a PhD pursues a career in science. They should
be given the opportunity to develop the areas of research described above. It is important that they
get sufficient freedom to grow and become competitive in the international scientific arena. As a
consequence, sometimes the research policy of chairs has to be adapted to newly gained insights by
bright young researchers.
- Society: As mentioned in the mission statement, societal benefits are an explicit goal. In this context
cooperation with societal organisations, e.g. in the field of care and safety is regarded as important, as
well as cooperation with local governments.
As the research priorities set by the University are consolidated in the scientific agendas of the Research
Institutes, the further development of IDE research is very much dependent on their mid-term and longterm goals. Within the IMPACT institute, fundamental decisions about priorities are foreseen for the first
half of 2010. It is clear at the time of writing of this report that energy will be the main topic. Not only will
the production of energy be covered, but also energy transport, storage and use. The issue of availability
and utilisation of resources will also be taken into account. All of this has a strong link with all aspects
of life cycle engineering. These decisions will have a large impact on the future research portfolio of
IDE. At the time of writing it is not clear yet what kind of influence the future priorities of the Institute of
Behavioural Research will have on the research portfolio of the chair of Product Design. The same goes for
institutes like MIRA, CTIT and IGS to which some (smaller) research efforts are committed.
Adjusted goals
As this self-assessment is the first one for our research, there is no previous assessment to refer to and the
topic does not apply yet.
Adjusted strategy
There is no previous assessment, as this self-assessment is the first one for research. However, we can
refer to the first plans which were included in the ACO application in the year 2000. The introduction to
our research policy read as follows:
‘The IDE research is aimed at upgrading the discipline Industrial Design Engineering and the educational
programme in particular. The emphasis is on interdisciplinary and participative domain research, mainly
application-oriented, on integrative and organisational aspects of the product creation process and
on research in the field of better and faster disclosure of existing knowledge from varied disciplines
in the context of the Industrial Design Engineer as interdisciplinary knowledge integrator. Typical for
IDE research is the integration of technical-scientific domains to multi-disciplinary application areas.
Therefore, it is necessary to manoeuvre within the scientific area of tension of mono disciplines, while
gaps of knowledge between the discrete research domains have to be filled in.’
There is no need to adjust this strategy. All decisions taken from the start with respect to research are in
line with this intention.
RESEARCH PROGRAMMES
from left to right:
Prof dr ir Fred J.A.M. van Houten · programme leader Design Engineering
Prof dr ir Arthur O. Eger · programme leader Evolutionary Product Development
Prof dr ir Wim A. Poelman · programme leader Product Realisation
B1 RESEARCH PROGRAMME: DESIGN ENGINEERING
VR lab
B1 RESEARCH PROGRAMME: DESIGN ENGINEERING
Programme Leader: Prof dr ir Fred J.A.M. van Houten
Research Area
The research of the Design Engineering group focuses on understanding and improving design processes.
The group’s strategic goal is the development of methods and tools for scenario-based, user-oriented
product development against the background of the requirements and constraints of the entire product
life cycle.
Design Engineering covers the entire product development cycle, from studies concerning future customer
needs to process planning and manufacturing facility design. As the group was established in 1998 as a
spin-off of the former group of Design and Production Engineering within the Department of Mechanical
Engineering, it still has strong ties to production technology and equipment. This influences the way
in which methods and tools for design support are developed. By gradually shifting focus to the fuzzy
front end of the design cycle, new elements have been added to the group’s research portfolio, partly
also because of its strong involvement in the creation of an educational programme in Industrial Design
Engineering (IDE). The development of design tools requires a thorough basis in computer science, in the
areas of product modelling and visualisation (CAD-CAM, VR, etc.) as well as of mechatronics because
products to be developed do not only contain mechanical part. Systems Engineering is an important
field of Design Engineering research. It supports the development of highly complex products by
multidisciplinary teams of designers in often distributed environments. User-oriented design necessitates
B1 · DESIGN ENGINEERING 37 UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
a close cooperation with researchers from the behavioural science domain.
Integration and synthesis are keywords in design engineering research. The traditional approach in the
scientific community is to categorize research topics by discipline. This is not the appropriate angle of view
for research in design engineering. A wide scope in terms of research topics does not indicate a lack of
focus: Instead, the focus is on understanding and improving the design process irrespective of the product
(the object) or the disciplines involved. This horizontal, synthesis-based approach is increasingly gaining
interest in academia (staff and students) as well as among the customer base.
Engineering research should be based on a sound scientific approach against a background of societal
needs. As a consequence, the outcome should not be communicated just among scientists but also to a
broader public, and not only in the form of written material, but also in a variety of other appearances.
Mission
The Design Engineering group’s mission is: To operate at the forefront of fundamental research and
development in the integrated support of the product life cycle (from product and manufacturing facility
design to product and production management, maintenance and recycling) by focusing on the integrative
nature of this so-called horizontal discipline and to be part of the network of leading laboratories in this
field, both in academia as well as in industry.
Historical perspective
Several of the research topics described in this report are also partly related to Mechanical Engineering
because the Design Engineering group already existed before the educational programme in Industrial
Design Engineering was established. These topics should be evaluated against that background.
The University of Twente has bundled its research activities in research institutes for the past fifteen
years. From the beginning, the Design Engineering research activities have been embedded in the Centre
for Telecommunication and Information Technology (CTIT). This seemed quite logical because many of
the research activities were ICT-related. However, as the majority of research programmes in the Faculty
of Engineering Technology is embedded in the Institute for Mechanics, Processes and Control Twente
(IMPACT) and because of the Department’s wish to stimulate further collaboration between research
activities under that umbrella, the Design Engineering group formally transferred its research projects to
IMPACT on 1 January 2008. Although the group has fulfilled a significant and successful role in the CTIT - among other things the
(shared) coordinatorship of the CTIT Strategic Research Orientation (SRO) called NICE and participation
in the CTIT SRO of E-productivity/Industrial Engineering - it was considered that eventually, the majority
of the activities of the group would fit better within the renewed IMPACT profile. The activities of the
Design Engineering group comply with the corresponding SROs, in particular with Design of Mechatronic
Systems (High tech systems and Materials) and in the themes Energy and Sustainability.
Collaboration
Collaborative research is performed within the 3TU alliance, together with TU Eindhoven (Industrial
Design) and Delft University of Technology (Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Design), but also with
large technological institutes like ECN (Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands) and TNO (Organisation
for Applied Scientific Research).
An Innovative Research Programme (IOP) in the field of Integrated Product Creation and Realisation
(IPCR) was proposed to the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 2002 and was approved in 2004. The Design
Engineering programme leader is a member of the IOP advisory board. The programme was launched in
2005 and is organised by SenterNovem. In the first phase, two tenders were released and seven projects
with a total of 27 research positions were granted. The Design Engineering Group participates in four of
those projects, with five PhD students. A second IOP-IPCR programme phase with a comparable budget
38 B1 · DESIGN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
has been approved (2008-2012). The first tender of the second phase was issued in 2009. The IOP-IPCR
projects are primarily directed toward the front end of the Product Creation Process. The IOP projects
in which Design Engineering participates address the areas of scenario-based design, design synthesis
tools, design for usability and the automatic generation of control software for mechatronic systems.
The European (FP6) Network of Excellence (NoE) ‘Virtual Research Lab – Knowledge Community in
Production’ (VRL-KCiP) was established in June 2004 (25 partners with over 250 participants). The
Design Engineering Group is one of the five core members. In June 2008, the NoE was continued in the
form of the ‘European Manufacturing and Innovation Research Association: a cluster leading excellence’
(EMIRAcle), which comprises the most active partners of the VRL-KCiP NoE. EMIRAcle is now preparing
a new European infrastructures proposal called VISIONAIr The scope is to develop a high-bandwidth
3D-visualisation network for scientific cooperation. In addition, the Design Engineering group has participated in the European NoE ‘INTUITION’ in the area of
Virtual Reality.
The group works closely together with large international industrial partners like Daimler, Thales and
Philips.
The Design Engineering group is very active in several international scientific communities, in particular in
the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP)
1.1 LEADERSHIP
1.1.1 MANAGEMENT STYLE
The Design Engineering group has a flat organisational structure: One full professor, two associate
professors, 14 assistant professors and one part-time professor. The atmosphere in the group is
collegial and friendly. The senior staff members have their own fields of expertise and corresponding
responsibilities. The huge effort of creating and implementing a complete new Bachelor/Master
programme in Industrial Design Engineering in addition to carrying out research and teaching tasks in
Mechanical Engineering has created a strong bond between the people involved. The senior staff formally meets with the programme leader bi-weekly to discuss scientific and
organisational matters. The programme leader is also the chairperson of the research group Design, Production and Management
(comprising the full-time chairs in Design Engineering, Product Design, Product Realisation, Production
Technology, Surface Engineering and Tribology and the part-time chairs in Design History, Packaging
Design and Management, and Skin Tribology. Additionally, part-time chairs in Design for Maintainability
and Cradle-to-Cradle design will be established in 2010. The full professors of this group have formal
management team meetings on a bi-weekly basis as well as a formal meeting with all staff members and
PhD students.
1.1.2 MEANS OF MOTIVATION
The staff is highly motivated and cooperative. Their tasks are quite diverse as they have to contribute
to several teaching programmes (Industrial Design Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical
Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Creative Technology). They cooperate in several research
programmes. For many of them the workload has been extremely high because of their substantial
contribution to the instantiation of the new educational programme in Industrial Design Engineering.
The scientific careers of the staff members depend on scientific output but also on successful acquisition
of research projects. In the past, the group has been very successful in the area of automated process
planning (the PART system) and feature-based design. The focus has gradually shifted to the field of
scenario-based design and design synthesis, life cycle engineering, energy and sustainability and the area
of systems engineering and design of hybrid systems (mechatronics). Project acquisition in these fields has
been rather successful. The opportunity to establish very well equipped laboratories and the high level of
industrial interest are also very motivating for the research staff.
1.1.3 COMMUNICATION AND MONITORING
The research strategy of the group and its consequences for decision-making on the tactical and
operational levels are discussed on a regular basis. Apart from the formal management meetings, there
is daily informal contact between the project leaders and the programme leader. Project leaders keep
their colleagues and PhD students informed. The senior staff members carry out the daily supervision
of PhD students and PhD students are usually daily supervisors of Master students allocated to their
PhD projects. PhD students also fulfil minor teaching tasks in the regular Bachelor programme such as
assisting senior staff and acting as tutor or mentor (<10% of their time). Dedicated research meetings
with presentations by PhD students take place on a bi-weekly basis.
Externally funded projects (IOP-Innovative Product Creation and Realisation programme – where IOP
stands for Innovatiegerichte Onderzoeksprogramma’s – and industrial sponsors) also have formal progress
meetings with the project advisory boards (with academic and industrial members). However, intensive
monitoring of the progress is more difficult because of distance, frequency of meetings and/or priorities
set by company management. Video conferencing is used to reduce the need for travel.
1.1.4 PROCESS OF IMPROVEMENT AND INNOVATION
Because the visualisation is core business of Design Engineering, the group tries to goad and stimulate
the imagination of colleagues and business relations by making its research topics visible. An example of
a successful development is the implementation of a large-scale research facility for product and design
process development together with the Thales company in November 2005. In the group’s Virtual Reality
lab, an innovative product creation process called the Technology Exchange cell (T-Xchange) has been
implemented. This multimillion-Euro joint initiative is an excellent example of intensive industry-university
co-operation, both in terms of facility-sharing as well as common interest project execution.
1.2 STRATEGY AND POLICY
1.2.1 INTRODUCTION
The research policy of the Design Engineering group is to focus on the integrative aspects of product and
manufacturing facility design and to develop methods and tools which support design activities over the
total product life cycle: From the generation of ideas and concepts to implementation, realisation, use,
maintenance, repair and disposal.
On the strategic level, much effort is put into the following: Further strengthening of the already good position of the group in the international scientific community
(such as CIRP, which is the International Academy for Production Engineering: four of the group’s staff
are members) and to be part of the network of world-class researchers, for example evidenced by the
programme leader having been elected as member of the German Academy of Science and Engineering;
-- Visibility on the European level in the preparation process of upcoming European framework
programmes and to help ensure attention for the research field of design and manufacturing
(participation in EU FP7 High Level Group and contribution to Vision 2020 document);
-- Actively promoting and helping to establish national programmes and collaborations in the field of
design and manufacturing (such as IOP, High-Tech Systems and Materials, Creative Industry, National
Research School Industrial Design).
On the tactical level, the group’s policy is:
- To be present in European projects by being a member of research consortia and networks (such as
VRL-KCiP, EMIRAcle, Manufuture, NMP Factory of the Future, Infrastructures VISIONAIR);
- To remain successful in acquiring research projects funded by the national government (such as IOP,
NWO, STW);
- To maintain a good relationship with the industry (multinationals as well as SMEs).
On the operational level, the group wants to:
- Attract excellent PhD students;
- Acquire well funded (industrial) research projects;
- Invest in world-class research facilities;
- Stimulate multidisciplinary cooperation.
Research themes and projects
The Design Engineering research group contributes to the Bachelor and Master programmes in Industrial
Design Engineering as well as those of in Mechanical Engineering. A joint Master programme together
with Civil Engineering has been implemented in the area of product development for the building and
construction industry. The group also participates in the 3TU Master programme on Sustainable Energy
Technology.
Traditionally, the research domain of the group was feature-based design and manufacturing. Many of the
scientific ideas developed in that field during the period 1980-2000 have found their way to present-day
CAD systems. All CAD systems are now feature-based, do support tolerances and offer improved support
for the design-manufacturing chain.
Design Engineering currently has three research themes.
Research theme I: Design Methods and Tools
ffManagement of Product Development
Supporting the embodiment design phase (knowledge-based engineering) was the challenge for the
first decennium of the 21st century. For that reason, the research staff of the Design Engineering group
has worked on the development of evolutionary (dynamic) data structures for information management
in manufacturing integration. These ideas have also been the basis for prototype applications
developed for Daimler (ULEO and Connection Elements).
ffUse Anticipation in Product Design
The study of the interaction between the (future) user and a (future) product is a highly relevant
research topic within Design Engineering. Both the physical as well as the cognitive aspects are
studied. There is an obvious link with the domain of behavioural sciences related to physical and
cognitive ergonomics and usability research.
The use of synthetic environments (Virtual Reality) in SBPD has become a new subject of
multidisciplinary research. Immersive visualisation techniques such as 3D screens and new interaction
techniques such as haptics and multi-touch multi-user interaction surfaces have been combined in the
group’s VR lab.
ffComputational Synthesis
The development of a Smart Synthesis Tool Box has created a platform for configuration management
and geometry generation. On the embodiment level, geometry can be generated on the basis of explicit
(mating) and implicit (process) constraints. The ability to explore possible geometry solutions for
specific material and process combinations relieves the designer from the tedious work on the low-level
geometry input.
Research theme II: Energy and Sustainability
ffSustainable Energy Design
Energy production, transport and consumption as well as sustainability are becoming important
research subjects. Since the establishment of a new 3TU Master programme in Sustainable Energy
Technology, several research groups work on the topic together. The Design Engineering group focuses
on the improvement of photovoltaic technology both for large-scale solar plants as well as for smallerscale applications like building materials or even for consumer product integration. Another topic is
hydrogen fuel cell technology and its applicability in consumer products. In particular, reducing the use
of energy is an important area of research.
ffProduct Lifecycle Management
The Design Engineering group has a long tradition in life cycle management. Starting from life cycle
analysis and the determination of eco-indicators, the emphasis has shifted to product life cycle design
and management. The eco-effects during the use phase of the product and the possibilities for re-use
of modules, parts and materials are being studied.
Research theme III: Integration and Hybrid System Design
ffIntegrated Development of New Products and Processes
New materials and manufacturing/information technology can have a large influence on how products
will be designed. New paradigms like 24/7 web-based manufacturing and layer-based techniques
offer interesting opportunities for product designers to produce tailor-made products very quickly
in small quantities at an acceptable price. Design for X, where X stands for the various steps in the
manufacturing chain, aims at creating support for the designer with respect to manufacturability
and (dis)assemblability of parts, the use of consumables and energy, maintainability, reusability,
recyclability, etc.
ffDesign Support for Mechatronic Systems
Nearly all presently designed products are of a hybrid nature; they consist of (electro)mechanical parts,
electronics and software. The design of these products requires multi-disciplinary development teams
and a systems engineering approach. Coordination of collaborative work by experts from different
domains is a very relevant topic of research.
ffPackaging Design and Management
This part-time chair has been established on the basis of a grant by the Dutch Packaging Centre
(Nederlands Verpakkings Centrum, NVC). It is the only chair in Europe dedicated to packaging design.
The interaction of product and packaging as well as the interaction between customer and packaging
(user interface) are typical examples of hybrid systems that require a multi-disciplinary design
approach.
1.2.2 SUB-PROGRAMME: MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Research theme I: Design Methods and Tools supervised by Dr ir D. Lutters
Scope of research area
‘Management of Product Development‘ (MOPD) aims at the adequate, effective and efficient improvement
of development cycles. In doing this, it does not aim at applying management book knowledge but
rather at proper synthesis, by integrating the expertise involved in the many domains and fields related
to product development cycles. It goes without saying that this integration relies on a thorough
understanding of – and an obvious relationship to – those domains and fields. 42 B1 · DESIGN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
Nevertheless, the finesses of the individual domains themselves need not necessarily be investigated
to their fullest extent to understand the way in which the domains interact. Rather, a number of areas
and aspects are selected to serve as extensive and directed application areas. This includes topics like
cost estimation, process planning, creativity techniques, various types of simulation, visualisation, and
packaging.
Relevance within industry
In order to ensure a focus on employable, useful and pioneering research, it is essential that the research
approach combines abstract and generic theoretical approaches with practical industrial relevancy
infused by projects, implementations and case studies. These projects are performed at and in cooperation with industrial partners. Obviously, the results must be to the benefit of both science and
industry. Because of this amalgamation, a specific research approach is chosen to avoid a bias towards being either
too abstract or too skill-oriented. In focusing on certain phases of development cycles and elaborating
them in case studies, methodological characterisations of the governance of development cycles are
developed in their practical and industrial context.
Perspectives within MOPD
Six different perspectives are elaborated to get an autarchic and objective grip on the research area to
serve both the research and practical context. Together, these perspectives give insight in the synergetic
solution space, irrespective of particularities in specific phases, aspects or realisations. The perspectives
are the following:
-- Fundamentals;
-- Life cycle;
-- Information and knowledge realm;
-- Design(er) support and development methods and methodologies;
-- Design visualisation and virtual product interaction;
-- Strategy and architectures.
Fundamentals
The fundamental axis addresses the theoretical developments that underlie development cycles. It aims
at the analysis and extension of existing knowledge and methodologies in fields like traditional product
development, aspects of development cycles, life cycle engineering, project management, supply chain
management and any other fields underpinning improvements of development cycles in general. Also,
fundamental issues concerned with the chosen application areas and aspects are studied.
All research projects that are executed within the field of management of product development find their
origin in this fundamental perspective. Additionally, they address all other perspectives, where each
project has its own emphasis. Ultimately, all projects have a distinct focus on strategy and architectures.
Life cycle
Different development cycles generally exhibit similar characteristics. These characteristics relate to
the concatenated life cycles of products, projects/programmes, companies and technologies involved.
Studying and modelling these life cycles – rather than enforcing them as management tools – engenders
better insight in mutual dependencies between events or activities. Although related to traditional life
cycle engineering and its derivatives, the life cycle axis of the framework extends well beyond sheer
analysis and feedback. If the basics are thoroughly understood, life cycle models give directives (instead
of edicts) for the governance of development cycles. The basics arise from the different (theoretical
and industrial) modelling tools for the specific life cycles and their aspects, but it requires quite some
conjoining effort to come to coherently applicable working methods and tools.
The examination of life cycle aspects contributes to the development of models for mutual dependencies
in development cycles, for workflow management models and for modelling, employing, and exploiting the
dependencies between life cycle phases and life cycle aspects.
Information and knowledge realm
The term expertise refers to the realm of data, information and knowledge that is employed to give
meaning to a specific viewpoint in a development cycle. It is this expertise that propels the evolution of
the projects, whilst simultaneously allowing the projects to remain within the (also evolving) requirement
specifications. The capacities and capabilities of all stakeholders involved are also addressed. Each
development cycle has its own apposite underlying manner for dealing with information and knowledge,
doing justice to the number and type of domains involved. In recognising that the underlying information
content can – in context – become the flexible instigator of development cycles, the importance of
structuring, employment and management of this information and knowledge content is apparent.
Prerequisite for this is the proper denotation of the content. A sizeable research effort is invested in the
relationships between the information and knowledge content and the evolution of development cycles.
These relationships are expressed in terms of e.g. conceptual frameworks and ontology as drivers of
project evolution.Design(er) support and development methods and methodologies
Although the environment in which development cycles are executed can be geared towards the
facilitation and initiation of evolutionary development, development cycles will always need control, in the
context of the strategies, life cycles and information realm involved. This renders many existing product
development methods and methodologies obsolete. Therefore new methodologies and methods are to
be developed that not only do more justice to the increasing complexity of development cycles, but that
also better exploit the increased understanding of the processes and fields of expertise involved. The
basis, however, always is the support of designers and engineers to enable them to reach better solutions
with less effort in less time. Real synthesis in development cycles is addressed by combining different
perspectives, from and on multiple domains at different levels of aggregation. An important example is what-if design. Its objective is to support the design(er) by taking care of
tasks that are considered more or less routinely, but also to help designers in quickly and effortlessly
investigating and resolving consequences of modified decision outcomes, surpassing individual domains.
Another example focuses on the way in which development cycles encompass multiple domains:
Mechatronic features represent behaviour and embodiment from the geometric, electrical and software
domains.
Design visualisation and virtual product interaction
In product development cycles, effective communication among product developers is increasingly based
on virtual-reality techniques. This relates to both formal review moments and more informal sessions
during development cycles. From a governance perspective, these visualisations and the corresponding
interactions are directly related to the cadence of the development. On the one hand, adequate (virtual)
product representations have to be available at the right moment. On the other hand, the observations
during the sessions should be processed in such a manner that they can be fully exploited. Therefore,
new tools and working methods need to be developed that more effectively and efficiently address the
integration of virtual reality techniques (in synthetic environments) in the product development cycle.
Here, especially the relation with what-if design is relevant. Examples of important topics are multi-user
interfaces, visualisation and interactive animation.
Strategy and architectures
Architectures are the liaison between theoretical insight and practical implementation. As such, they not
only provide sanity checks of the concepts and guidelines for implementations. More importantly, they
render ways for structuring development cycles in their context, are the binding factor between business
processes, and can be used as essential communication tools, including e.g. organisational aspects and
resources. The goal is to develop ways for compiling architectures taking into account the context and
the different life cycles involved. This aim is independent of the level of aggregation: From strategic to
operation levels, the architectures provide adequate support as well as interaction with other levels of
aggregation. This implies that the governance of development cycles has a two-way interaction at every
level: It is influenced by higher levels and will influence lower levels. This has implications for the way
dependencies and workflow are dealt with, but also yields improved methods for addressing e.g. risk
management and decision-making processes. If this is combined with the development and application
of tools and working methods (from e.g. roadmaps on strategy level, via capturing design rationale, to
production-scheduling approaches at operational level), a substantial contribution can be made to a firm
and comprehensive foundation for integrated development cycles.
For example, adequately relating architectures to strategy, dynamic project management enables a better
focus on controlling the scope, contingencies, risk management, portfolio establishment and overall
added project value.
Synthesis
Together, the six perspectives allow for well-founded and purposeful research in the field of product
development cycles and their governance. It is essential that this framework pays equal attention to the
domains and context involved, the approach chosen or enforced, the way development teams benefit
from it, and the impact on the different life cycles involved. However, the gained experience and the
acquired knowledge will foremost ensure the improved execution of subsequent development cycles, and
simultaneously increase the individual as well as the overall expertise.
The approach based on this framework ensures well-balanced research into the governance of product
development cycles, equally leading to better theoretical and methodological understanding and
modelling as well as to more apposite working methods and tools for application in practical situations.
Projects
ffCNC Worknet
The supply chain for manufacturing (simple) milled products is often unnecessarily complex, both for
producers and customers. In focusing on shoebox-type products, this supply chain can be made more
efficient and effective. The process chain can be shortened dramatically by the CNC Worknet portal,
which integrates and automates the steps from sales to process planning. Production and inspection are
integrated and standardised in a generic manufacturing facility called a McMill. This Internet portal deals
with all communication between the customer and the standardised fabrication facility. The research
project develops the backbone for the CNC Worknet system, focusing on the synthesis between the
quality and workflow management systems as well as on the effective and structured implementation
based on a transparent and flexible architecture.
Researcher: Ir D.C. ten Dam. Funded by the Solva Group.
ffInformation- and Knowledge-Based Support
This research project has its focus on the way in which knowledge and information-based techniques can
be used to support product development cycles. Not only the capturing and reuse of both structured and
unstructured information resulting from development trajectories is important for this purpose. Especially
information on this information (so-called meta-information) is able to provide support by giving insight in
the applicability of specific working methods. The research project attempts to develop a holistic approach
rather than dedicated information management tools. This approach aims at utilising the entire potential
of (meta)information to support product developers towards more effectively and efficiently executing
product development projects. Researcher: Ir W. Dankers. Primary funding.
ffIntelligent Clothing
Current technical and electronic products often force the user to interact using buttons, keyboard and
pointers. To let the product perform an action, the thoughts of the user have to be converted into the
language of the product: Buttons and clicks. This conversion can cause noise (translation errors), ignores
body language and emotions, and often results in interaction with a small piece of the human body,
mainly the hand. This causes a constant user awareness of the given input, resulting in interaction
possibilities limited to the translation skills of the user. New electronic technologies are capable of sensing
the environment and adapting to that information, leading to intelligent systems. Similar technological
developments in the textile industry make it possible to integrate these intelligent systems into clothing.
The goal of the project is to develop design strategies and guidelines to support designers in developing
new interactive products and services that aim to increase the use of human motion and a human’s
emotional state, and indicate to what extent the use of new interaction methods is desirable. Researcher: Ir R.G.J. Damgrave. Funding by IOP-IPCR.
ffStructuring Unstructured Information
Driven by increasing customer expectations and competition, the amount of information required and
generated by the business processes of a typical organisation is increasing at a startling rate. A great
challenge today is countering the effects of information overload in organisations in order for employees
to find the information appropriate to their needs without having to sieve through excessively large
quantities of information.
The project aims at developing a framework that can be used to provide a unified, dynamic view of an
organisation’s development-related information – of both the structured and unstructured kind. To ensure
the applicability of the project results, several subprojects are defined and executed to test the developed
tools and working methods. Moreover, these subprojects fuel the development of those tools and working
methods.
Researchers: Dr ir D. Lutters and Ir W. Dankers. Primary funding.
ffVirtual tools
A critical issue in current research and development projects is the information exchange and collaboration
between the team members. Current research tools do not support the possibility to have people from
different backgrounds work jointly and simultaneously on the same research items, whereas such multistakeholder collaboration is the key to synergy during any project. This project aims at project teams
consisting of people from different (educational) backgrounds working individually on different aspects of a
product at different places at the same time. The goal is to develop a framework that enables team members
to work together with multiple users on the same information at the same time, independent of their physical
location. The framework guides the development, implementation and use of virtual tools and methods in
research and development projects. It should also cover the version history and status management of the
project, while the project focus is on visualisation and interaction with virtual information.
Researcher: Ir R.G.J. Damgrave. Primary funding.
ffWhat-if design
In product development, many different aspects simultaneously influence the advancement of the
process. Many specialists contribute to the specification of products whilst in the meantime, the
consistency and mutual dependencies have to be preserved. Consequently, much effort is spent on
mere routine tasks, which primarily distract members from the development of their main task: Creating
the best solution for the design problem at hand. Many of these routine tasks can be translated into
problems with a more or less tangible structure; often it is in fact an attempt to assess the consequences
of a certain design decision for the rest of the product definition. What-if questions aim at structuring
the steps that lead to design decisions in such a way that the product definition evolves in a transparent
manner. As the structure of a what-if question is independent of the domain under consideration, what-if
questions can relate to any aspect in the information content at any level of aggregation.
Such a way of looking at products under development strongly binds different domains and downstream
processes under consideration, thus enabling a more integrated approach of the design process. Researchers: Dr ir D. Lutters and Ir W. Dankers. Primary funding.
ffHidden Health
Obesity is a growing problem in the Netherlands and the rest of the world. Medical Intervention is the
most common approach to change consumer behaviour, but in most cases, this doesn’t work. Given the
fact that most buying decisions are made in front of the shop shelves, these decisions can be influenced
by the design of the packaging on the shop shelves. The project aims at understanding the relation
between packaging design and shopping behaviour, so that it can be made easier for consumers to
choose healthier food. By analysing in various ways how consumers make buying decisions, the project
will engender tools and working methods to support packaging designers more effectively. The analyses
and the development of tools and working methods are performed simultaneously, to allow for maximum
synergy. This project is carried out in cooperation with Prof dr ir R. ten Klooster. Researcher: M. Zeko-Gelici MSc. Funding by PIDON.
1.2.2 SUB-PROGRAMME: USE ANTICIPATION IN PRODUCT DESIGN
Research theme I: Design Methods and Tools supervised by Dr ir M.C. van der Voort
Introduction
The research group Use Anticipation in Product Design (UAPD) focuses on supporting designers in
anticipating use within product design processes by means of the development of new design approaches
and tools with the aim to improve user – product interaction. Special attention is paid to the development
of scenario-based methods and tools.
The study of interaction between the (future) user and (future) product is a highly relevant research topic
within Design Engineering. Obtaining an accurate, comprehensive insight into how a product is used by its
users in practice is essential for designing products that meet user expectations. The physical as well as
the cognitive aspects are being studied. There is an obvious link with the domain of behavioural sciences
related to physical and cognitive ergonomics and usability research. The use of synthetic environments (virtual reality, VR) in Scenario-based product design (SBPD) has
become a new subject of multidisciplinary research. Immersive visualisation techniques like 3D screens
and new interaction techniques like haptics and multi-touch multi-user interaction surfaces have been
combined in the group’s VR lab.
Theme
Manufacturers of products are more and more confronted with complaints from customers that are
not related to technical or functional failures, but to an unexpected mismatch between actual product
use and intended use by the manufacturer. Improvement of user – product interaction, also referred to
as usability or the ease of use of a product, is therefore receiving more and more attention in product
development. Good usability can lead to increased customer loyalty, a decrease of product returns and
a decrease of call rates at customer service desks. However, usability is not a product quality that is
intrinsic to only that product. It is a quality attribute of the interaction between a product and its user in
a particular environment. Therefore, usability not only depends on the product characteristics, but on use
situation characteristics (user, goal, environment) as well.
As already mentioned, an accurate, comprehensive insight into how a product is used by its users in
practice is essential for designing products that meet user expectations. Obtaining insight in these
use situations is, however, complicated because the behaviour of users is never static or uniform and
increasingly, products have become adaptive, and thus exhibit unpredictable behaviour as well. Therefore,
in product development processes that take usability into account, there is a need for a frame of reference
for these use situations. Scenarios can serve as such a frame of reference. The application of scenarios in
the design process of (consumer) products is called scenario-based product design.
Scenario-based product design is a generic term for design approaches that apply scenarios in the design
process with the aim of achieving a high quality of product interaction. We define scenarios as explicit
descriptions of the hypothetical use of a product by a certain person under certain circumstances.
Scenarios can be applied throughout the design process. In the analysis phase, they can be used to
gather and represent user needs and wishes, in the concept phase they can be used to create and reflect
on concepts and in the prototyping phase they can be used as a frame of reference for user testing. In
all phases, they serve as a communication tool because they are very easy to understand (regardless of
background or training). For example, they can be used in the analysis phase to have users confirm the
current use situation and problem domain and in the concept phase, they can be used to discuss concepts
with users and other stakeholders. Instead of considering usability requirements with regard to users
and environments independently, scenarios integrate reflection on these elements. A scenario-based
approach has the advantage that a scenario can describe what happens in a particular situation without
committing to details on precisely how things happen. Furthermore, a scenario can be made deliberately
incomplete to help developers cope with uncertainty.
SBPD is not a single design method. Instead, it is a category of numerous approaches that apply scenarios
for different purposes, with different sources of inspiration and means of expression. As each design
problem is unique, each case needs a dedicated design approach which includes a structured application
of scenarios throughout the design phases.
The application of use-anticipating methodologies is supported by the development of a set of design
tools. Besides the development of tools for scenario generation, special focus is placed on the use of
virtual reality and gaming techniques as design tools. An important, defining property of synthetic or
virtual environments is that they are able to create an alternative reality in which objects and characters
can be experienced that may be impossible to realise and experience in real reality. Virtual reality allows
the creation of new objects, spaces, and interactions without the need for actual construction, thereby
providing the possibility to experience products even in the very early stages of the design process. By
employing simulation techniques, design information is made explicit and verifiable. Furthermore, all
actors in a design process (regardless of background or training) can be enabled to influence design
information directly and assess the consequences of their decisions. By allowing users to experience
products in the very early stages of the design process, insight in user requirements, the communication
within the design team, and innovation processes are enhanced. This, however, requires an environment
that evokes natural behaviour from its users and allows each user to interact intuitively.
Research projects
The UAPD research group incorporates 9 PhD research
projects, all developing new use-anticipating design methods
that, however, focus on different aspects.
ffIntegration of scenario-based design with the use of
virtual reality and gaming techniques
This approach enables future users to compose a product
according to their needs and directly evaluate this design
within expected use scenarios through simulation (see also
Figure 1), thereby revealing their actual needs and wishes to
the designer. Researcher: Ir M. Tideman. Completed: Spring 2008. Primary
funding.
ffSupporting designers in dealing with the dynamics of a
use situation
I.e. the variety of characteristics and goals of users as well
as variety of the circumstances in which a product is used,
in order to design a product that addresses the needs and
wishes of users in all situations. Researcher: Ir M. van der Bijl-Brouwer. Expected end date:
End 2010, part-time. Partly funded by IOP-IPCR project Design
for Usability.
ffSupporting the design process
By providing tools to investigate the interactions between
potential users and potential products by means of a synthetic
environment, in particular the requirements for such a synthetic (partly virtual, partly real) environment
and the way they should be incorporated in the design process in order to optimise the added value. Researcher: Ir J. Miedema. Completed: Autumn 2009. Funded by IOP-IPCR project ‘Synthetic
Environments’.
ffFormalisation of the definition of scenarios
In order to enable semi-automatic generation and selection of relevant scenarios by identifying the
relevant components of a scenario in each of its application forms and the criteria used for scenario
selection by designers in practice. Researcher: I. Anggreeni, MSc. Expected end date: Autumn 2010. Funded by Centre for Telematics and
Information Technology.
ffReducing usability problems with electronic consumer products
By developing and offering companies a coherent design methodology for anticipating the expectations
and needs of users on the one hand, and product influences on use practices on the other. The
methodology of scenario-based design is expanded to incorporate knowledge regarding the interaction
between product design, user characteristics, and user behaviour resulting from the research project
Design for Usability (involving the three Dutch Universities of Technology) as a whole.
Researcher: Ir F.W.B. Hoolhorst. Expected end date: Summer 2011. Funded by IOP-IPCR project Design for
Usability.
ffDeveloping a driver interface for transitions between automated and non-automated driving
Optimised for user acceptance and at the same time fulfilling requirements regarding safety and traffic
performance. In cooperation with the chair of Product Design. Researcher: Ir A.P. van den Beukel. Expected end date:
End 2012, part-time. Primary funding.
ffIncorporating human factors as an integral part of the design process of advanced driver
assistance systems.
Traditionally, human factors are only incorporated in the analysis and evaluation phases. Aim is to help
engineers also include human factors during synthesis activities. Researcher: Ir B.M. van Waterschoot. Expected end date: Spring 2012. Funded by AIDA.
ffFacilitating user participation in the design of medical appliances.
Aim is to improve the usability and ‘experience’ of complex medical appliances and treatment systems
through active involvement of users in problem-analysing, design-evaluating as well as design-generating
activities. Researcher: Ir J.A. Garde. Expected end date: End 2013, part-time. Primary funding.
ffDeveloping a surgical robotic manipulation system
For the new generation of flexible instruments that increases
the opportunities for minimal invasive surgery. Specific
attention will be paid to intuitive control by means of haptic
feedback, visual information and working posture. Together with Dr ir G.M. Bonnema. Researcher: Ir J.G. Ruiter, MSc. Expected end date: End 2012,
part-time. Funded by PIDON project ‘Teleflex’.
Cooperation
Due to the multi-disciplinary nature of the research topic, the
UAPD research group includes researchers from backgrounds
in industrial design engineering, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, computer science and
cognitive psychology and works closely together with researchers from disciplines as human – computer
interaction, ergonomics, psychology and philosophy.
The embedding of the research group in this multi-disciplinary environment is ensured by its participation
in national and international networks like the knowledge centre AIDA (Applications of Integrated
Driver Assistance) and the European Network of Excellence INTUITION. The knowledge centre AIDA
was initiated in cooperation with the Centre for Transport Studies of the University of Twente and the
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) in 2003. The UAPD research regarding
the design of driver support systems is incorporated within AIDA. As part of AIDA, the research group
also participated in the C,mm,n project, a large research project sponsored by the Netherlands Society for
Nature and Environment, which aims at developing the car of the future.
Within the research on the design of medical appliances, the research group collaborates closely with
several large hospitals (e.g. University Medical Centre Utrecht and Meander Medical Centre) as well as
manufacturers (Storz, Stöpler, Nucletron). There exists a structural cooperation agreement with Nucletron
in connection with the development of new cancer treatment systems. Furthermore, there is intensive
cooperation with the MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine.
Further cooperation with industry is realised by the group’s hosting of two research projects funded by the
Dutch Research programme IOP-IPCR, i.e. Synthetic Environments and Design for Usability. These projects
involve industrial partners such as Philips, Thales, Océ, PANalytical and Indes. These projects furthermore
include all relevant research groups of the University of Twente, Delft University of Technology and
Eindhoven University of Technology, thereby realising national platforms for these research topics.
The development of design tools is supported by the cooperation with TXchange. The high-tech virtual
reality lab, a joint venture between TXchange and the Laboratory of Design, Production and Management,
is an important asset in facilitating the development process. In addition, knowledge from research
projects and case studies as well as experience on the use of virtual reality as a design tool are intensively
exchanged.
Education
The knowledge generated within the ‘Use Anticipation in Product Design’ group also finds its way to
education through the involvement of the group in the courses related to user-product interaction within
the Bachelor programme in industrial design engineering and biomedical engineering. In addition, the
research group facilitates the SBPD course within the Master programme in Industrial design engineering.
Results and future work
Since its group in 2004, the research group has expanded rapidly. It is now a mature research group
consisting of 1 associate professor, 3 assistant professors and 5 PhD researchers.
Within the period of 2004-2009, 1 PhD research project and 12 Master research projects were completed.
In the same period, the research group applied successfully in cooperation with other research groups
for funding for 3.35 million Euros’ worth of research projects, of which € 730 K of external funding was
directly granted to the UAPD research group.
In August 2009, it was announced that a project on solving the paradox of user-centred design will be
funded. The REPAR project, as it is called, started on 1 October 2009. The project aims at the development
of virtual-reality tools to allow users to participate in the design process actively. (Total budget: 1.56
M euro. Involved partners: Industrial design TU/e, DAF Trucks, Philips research, Océ Technologies,
Rademaker)
1.2.3 SUB-PROGRAMME: COMPUTATIONAL SYNTHESIS
Research theme I: Design Methods and Tools supervised by Ir H. Tragter
Introduction
The research group Computational Synthesis is focussed on the development of a new generation of
Computer-Aided Design software, where the act of creating solutions is executed by the software tool.
Compared with traditional design tools, the user of such a system (a designer) specifies requirements
instead of the solution (what instead of how).
Theme
Product development practices have evolved over recent years, as product cost, quality and time-tomarket have each become progressively important. In parallel, the product complexity has increased and
the rapid pace of technology development has led to shorter product life cycles. Creating ‘a’ solution is not
good enough anymore. To be competitive, best-in-class companies need the best solutions fast.
Automating a design process is a proven way to address these goals. For routine design tasks, custombuilt synthesis software can be successfully used to generate optimal solutions. However, the required
development effort is so big that it seems interesting only for some of the largest companies. The net
result is many laboratory prototypes and very few applications in industry.
Generic synthesis technology
To solve the dilemma of promising technologies that see little application in real life, we are developing
techniques capable of solving design problems in an industrial context. At the same time, we seek
solutions so generic that they enable low-effort development of synthesis tools for a variety of application
domains (similar to the ‘geometric kernel’ idea that resulted in the availability of low-cost 3D modellers
nowadays).
Candidate solution generation
In our view, a Computational-Synthesis System (CSS) contains a model of the design, a synthesis
algorithm that generates candidate solutions and routines for the calculation of the behaviour and the
optimisation. These are augmented with a library containing building blocks that make up a design and a
user interface that enable specification of the design task and the viewing results. Within this setup, most
of our research attention goes to the part considered least understood, the generation of the candidate
solutions.
Research projects
Industrial involvement
Research in computational synthesis involves multiple domains. It integrates advances in the modelling
of designs and design knowledge, analysis techniques, the mathematics of constraint solving and
optimisation with interactive graphics for visualisation and user interaction. The realisation of prototypes
further expands this with the elicitation and modelling of knowledge from industrial experts (e.g.
on baggage-handling or X-ray machines). By involving a diverse set of companies in our prototypes
development, we are able to obtain the fundamental insights that enhance the generality of the
techniques we bring forward.
Smart-Synthesis Tools (SST)
The SST project is a joined effort of our research group and colleagues from Twente and Delft (see
Cooperation) plus four Dutch industries. Two of its four researchers are members of our group.
ffKnowledge engineering for design automation
This research concerns elicitation and modelling of knowledge from domain experts in technical
domains. It answers the questions 1) how can expert knowledge be used to in a CSS and 2) how can this
knowledge be acquired. Researcher: W.O. Schotborgh, MSc. Completed: April 2009. Funding: IOP-IPCR.
ffStructuring design problems for top-down and bottom-up approaches
Deals with the division of design problems in smaller parts and integrating partial solutions into overall
solutions (divide and conquer strategies). Like human designers, a CSS can be more efficient, when it
takes low-level constraints at the detail level into account for decisions at higher levels of abstraction.
Researcher: J.M. Jauregui Becker, MSc. Expected end date: Spring 2010. Funding IOP-IPCR.
Miscellaneous
ffFrom fuzzy requirements to clear solution spaces
Targets techniques that provide designers with insight in the
relations between the specification space and the solution
space. In traditional computation synthesis (CS) environments,
users are allowed to specify multiple constraints, but these
are hard-bordered. To support the ‘what happens if’ question
of a designer, we are working on a prototype that accepts
uncertain requirements. This CSS will give visual representations
of solution spaces, correlate specifications with results and
visualise the effects of uncertainties.
Researcher: Ir H. Tragter. Started: Winter 2008. Primary funding.
ffToward an effective shaping process is a hybrid research activity with roots both in VR and
synthesis
Current modelling systems are capable of creating geometrical models of high precision and great visual
appearance, but they require planning and long sequences of commands to reach these results. In this
project, we try to find more effective ways to shape products by investigating unorthodox paradigms. The
research has started with accumulation of statistical data on qualities of different shaping techniques.
The ultimate goal is an intelligent environment in which designers can be more efficient in obtaining
product shapes. In cooperation with the chair of Product Design. Researcher: Ir R.E. Wendrich, 0.4 fte assistant professor. Started: Spring 2009. Primary funding.
ffAutomatic generation of control software for mechatronics systems
In the Software Generation project, our group collaborates with three research groups from the Delft
University of Technology (see Cooperation). One PhD student is member of our group. There is close
cooperation with the group of Dr ir G.M. Bonnema.
ffDesign patterns in multi-domain design
The design of complex mechatronics systems involves multiple domain experts, models and tools. This
research tries to improve the efficiency of the design team by introducing the design patterns paradigm.
The patterns express structures of partial solutions and can coexist in multiple domains. Furthermore,
they can be set up to hold their own knowledge, which makes them suitable for CS. The integration
framework provides communication between the actors involved (people, models, CSS tools). In cooperation with Dr ir G.M. Bonnema. Researcher: Ir K.Woestenenk, MSc. Expected end date: Winter
2011. Funding from IOP-IPCR.
Cooperation
The CS group collaborates in two multi-group IOP research projects.
Smart Synthesis Tools (project leader H. Tragter)
The project is financed by the IOP/IPCR programme (Ministry of Economic Affairs). It started in July 2005
with four researchers plus a software developer. The total budget is € 1.1 M, of which € 0.64 M for the
CS group. Research partners: Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Delft University of Technology (Professor T.
Tomiyama), Discrete Mathematics and Mathematical Programming, University of Twente (Dr G. Steel).
Industrial partners: Océ Technologies (printers), Vanderlande Industries (baggage handling), Philips
(consumer products), PANalytical (X-ray analysis).
Automatic Generation of Control Software for Mechatronics Systems (project leader Professor T.
Tomiyama)
A project funded from within the IOP/IPCR programme, started mid 2007. The overall budget is € 0.96 M,
including € 0.24 M for our group. Research partners are Intelligent Mechanical Systems (Professor T.
Tomiyama), Aircraft Design (Professor M. van Tooren) and Systems Control (Professor R. Babuska), all at
Delft University of Technology.
Industrial partners: Philips Medical Systems, ASML (wafer steppers), Science & Technology (SME), Océ
Technologies (printers / photocopiers), Vanderlande Industries (logistic systems control).
Delivered in the period 2004-2009: 1 PhD, 3 Masters, 1 start-up company focusing on the development of
Design Synthesis Tools Kits.
Awarded research funding (together with other groups) is € 2.06 M of which € 0.89 M allocated for this
group.
After the start of the group in 2004 with 2 assistant professors (0.3 and 0.1 fte), there was a jump in
capacity when the SST project was granted in 2005. The group is working on proposals on the Dutch and
the European level.
It is expected that research in these areas will expand to creative design within the next five years. Within
the categories innovative, creative and routine design, the group started with the focus on the latter,
which typically covers 80% of the design activities in industry. In the future, the attention will increasingly
be shifted towards synthesis for creative design and multi-actor design.
Another goal is to increase the effectiveness of computational synthesis. In future projects, experiments
will be carried out in a controlled setup where the same design task is performed by designers equipped
with different types of computer support.
1.2.4 SUB-PROGRAMME: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DESIGN
Research Theme II: Energy and Sustainability supervised by Dr ir A.H.M.E. Reinders
Introduction
The research group Sustainable Energy Design (SED) focuses on the field of product design with
sustainable energy technologies. The research aims to better integrate sustainable technologies
in products by acquiring knowledge about the performance of the technologies in the field, by the
development of new products and new design approaches favouring product innovation in this field and
by the development of design tools which support designers in their design process.
Theme
Sustainable energy systems cover a broad range of technologies that can convert solar energy, wind energy,
geothermal energy, wave and tidal energy, and hydrogen energy into electricity and usable thermal energy.
Despite the Dutch national target to achieve 20% sustainable energy supply in 2020, the Netherlands lags
behind in the field of sustainable energy from an international perspective. For instance in the period 2004 to
the end of 2008, solar photovoltaic capacity increased six-fold, solar heating capacity increased twofold and
total power capacity from new renewable resources increased by 75 percent globally, whereas growth rates in
the Netherlands were close to stagnation.
This situation could become a missed opportunity because the potential of renewable energy resources and the
market for related products is enormous, i.e. the amount of power that can be produced by current sustainable
energy technologies could supply a total of 5.9 times the global demand for power of which solar power’s share
could be 3.8 times the global demand.
In our opinion, appropriate design and engineering of usable applications and systems of renewable energy
technologies could accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. To enable this transition, a balance of new
product and service design, infrastructure and policy is necessary in combination with changes in energyrelated user behaviour.
Not only sustainable development but also a growing need for security and autonomy of energy supply are
significant reasons to focus on renewable energy technologies in both the western world and developing
countries. However, up to date, the design of products based on sustainable energy technologies has only
been explored to a modest extent. The widespread application of photovoltaic cells (PV), fuel cells, LEDs,
biomass systems and other technologies is unusual, despite the fact that these technologies could be applied
in products for a wide variety of applications - i.e. consumer products, building components, space applications,
vehicles, robotics and business-to-business products - with a broad power range of milliWatts to kiloWatts.
Topics of interest for research in sustainable-energy design are given below in relation to other sub-programmes
of the IDE research programme:
-- Feasibility studies of sustainable energy systems and products using sustainable energy technologies
for specific circumstances of use regarding functionality, costs and environmental aspects. This topic is
connected to sub-programme B1.2.5 Product Lifecycle Management.
-- Industrial product design and prototyping of products using sustainable energy technologies. This topic
is related to the sub-programmes B3.2.3 Mobility, Sociality and Safetyand B3.2.6 Transformable Green
Buildings.
-- Human factors of product integration of sustainable-energy technologies such as experiences of users,
design and styling, regulations and marketing. This topic relates to the sub-programmes B1.2.2 Use
anticipation in product Design and B2.2.1 Evolutionary Product Development.
-- Simulation and optimisation of integrated power systems in a product context are connected to subprogramme B1.2.3. Computational Synthesis.
Research projects and cooperation
The SED research group has actively evolved since 2006. The research projects focus on different aspects
described above. At present, SED covers 2 PhD projects, several short projects and approximately 8
Master projects. A post-doc position was acquired for the year 2008. The projects will be described
hereafter.
PhD projects
ffExergetic system approach in the built environment
In this project, one PhD student is supervised by the Departments of DPM and CME of the University of
Twente. The project started in 2006 in a national project covering 3 PhD students in cooperation with
Delft University of Technology and Eindhoven University of Technology. Besides performance and financial
evaluations of sustainable energy options in the built environment, the research comprises experimental
research on the testing of phase changing materials in the built environment. The project is supported by
IEA Annex ‘Low Energy Systems for High Performance Built Environment’ and several suppliers for energysaving building components. Researcher: Ir A.G. Entrop. Expected end date: 2012. Funded by SenterNovem.
ffImproved mechanical design of PV modules
One PhD student focuses on the improvement of materials and
production processes in order to reduce costs of PV modules.
The project started in 2008 and is commissioned by the PV
module group of the Energy Centre Netherlands (ECN). The
project merges expertise of the sections of Design Techniques
and Production Technologies of DPM. Initially, the project
was funded by SenterNovem; at present (2009), funding is
arranged through the national ADEM programme. The project
is carried out in cooperation with T. Vaneker under research topic B1.3.1. Researcher: M. Rashid, MSc, initially, but at present, a vacancy. Expected end date: 2012. Funded by ECN.
Post-doc project
ffIntegration of thermal, irradiance and performance models for photovoltaic/thermal solar products
Funding for a post-doc position was acquired at IMPACT research institute covering the topic of modelling
of irradiance in arbitrary geometries with the purpose to better support for product designers in the
development of solar-powered products and building components. Cooperation took place between the
Departments of DPM and TE of the University of Twente. Other parties involved were the Departments of
STS of Utrecht University and the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in New Delhi. Researcher: A. Tiwari, MSc., PhD. Completed in 2008. Funded by IMPACT.
Education
The research of SED is embedded well in the educational programmes of the Faculty of Engineering
Technology. In the IDE Master programme Sources of Innovation, case studies of innovative product
design with sustainable energy technologies, such as fuel cells, photovoltaic cells and LEDs are carried
out each year, in cooperation with companies, yielding numerous product concepts and publishable
information about design processes. In a recently initiated course (2008) named Functional Prototyping,
these product concepts are realised and tested with regard to their functionality and performance.
Moreover, the IDE Master course Create the Future was directed towards SED in 2006 and 2007. In
academic year 2008, a new Bachelor course called Introduction to Sustainable Design was initiated.
Since 2007, the course Solar Energy has been incorporated in the 3TU Master of Sustainable Energy
Technology (SET). As a result, the number of students with an interest to complete the SET Master with
an assignment in solar energy is growing. Since 2008, there is also involvement in the Master of Industrial
Design for the Building and Construction Industry in which SED provides input in the field of sustainableenergy technologies in the built environment.
Scientific output of SED since 2005
The objective for the next years is to continue developing the research field by creating a relevant network
of interested parties, such as all levels of students, companies and research institutions, to set up joint
projects which can lead to significant scientific results and journal publications.
A collaboration between the University of Twente and ENEA (a public Italian research institute operating
in the fields of energy, the environment and new technologies) will be prepared with the support of a
recently received grant of the UT stimulation fund for international cooperation (2009). This plan will
involve Master and PhD students working in the field of solar energy and sustainable lighting. Another objective is to establish shorter communication lines with European research institutions and
major manufacturers of sustainable energy components with the purpose of staying informed about
the latest developments in technology, financing and policy regarding sustainable-energy systems and
creating better opportunities for participating in projects.
Projects of students in the Master programmes of SET and IDE will be continued as a satisfactory way to
conduct low-key research in conjunction with companies. For instance, cooperation with Dutch Space,
Philips and Kamworks will be continued by Master projects focussing on the integration of sustainable
technologies in a product context. Also, cooperation with design house DeMakersVan will be extended;
the intention is to inspire with regard to sustainability by confronting technological concepts with
imaginary concepts and to let these products find their way to a larger audience.
Steps for acquiring research funds for new PhD positions are in progress.
In the field of product design with solar technology, a PhD project will be funded by the Cartesius Institute
and NHL in Leeuwarden. If the cooperation is positively appreciated, the outlook is to extend this project
with a second PhD student.
In the field of energy transitions, a proposal has been submitted to NWO entitled ‘Accelerating the
transition to sustainable energy systems in the built environment -Finding linkages between policy design,
behavioural change and product innovation’ which covers a cooperation between the Delft University
of Technology (Design for Sustainability) and the University of Twente (Science, Technology, and Policy
Studies, DPM and CME) by three PhD students.
In the field of irradiance and performance models for photovoltaic/thermal solar products, the recently
initiated collaboration with IIT in India will be continued in joint writing and publishing of papers and in
Master projects.
1.2.5 SUB-PROGRAMME: PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT
Research Theme II: Energy and Sustainability supervised by Ir M. Toxopeus
Introduction
The research on Product Lifecycle Management focuses on the applicability of product lifecycle
assessment in design and product development processes. Considering design and development problems
from a product life cycle approach (LCA) could support development teams in tackling issues caused
by or related to the complete product lifecycle, although sometimes outside the direct influence of the
development team. This approach has a strong connection to sustainability and environmental sound
products. Within this general research subject several initiatives and directions are considered and
discussed.
Theme
The study of complete life cycles of products started at around 1950. Originally, this was done in a very basic
way to assess the possible impact a product might have on its surroundings, notably its environmental impact. Traditionally, product development only paid attention to clearly defined targets or problems and therefore
could create sub-optimal solutions that might prove useful to solving that specific problem, but might cause
other and possibly even larger problems in other domains. Considering the complete lifecycle, preferably
from a multidisciplinary viewpoint, might result in a better and overall more acceptable solution to the design
problem. Since the 1990s, there is a trend away from the original environmentally oriented life cycle assessment
towards analysis of existing products and simulation of the impact of their complete life cycles and towards a
more proactive approach in order to incorporate life cycle improvements at an early stage within the product
development process. Also, the interest in the product LCA from other engineering disciplines (besides the
traditional environmental and sustainability departments) is growing. Probably the best known alternative
subject for applying the LCA is economics, resulting in the growing popularity of life cycle costing. Within the research programme of Design Engineering, this sub-programme focuses on the current
developments about incorporating or applying the product LCA within the actual product development
process.
Research project
The PhD research focuses in particular on the problems with the LCA in relation to the innovative idea of
flexible building components. The current promising innovation in the building industry is the transition
from a very traditional in-situ product realisation process to a more industrial approach, and at the same
time, to develop and apply building components as building blocks instead of only using building materials
to be combined into building elements at the building site. A third and especially interesting development
is the notion of flexible building, resulting in buildings that can be relatively easily adapted and adjusted to
changing demands by its users. These innovative developments can benefit from or even depend on a just
and honest LCA. Currently, it is already possible to distinguish several different issues (perhaps even problems) that are
related to the LCA and need to be researched (and solved) for the described innovations to become
successful within the building industry. One of these issues are the dynamics involved in the notion of flexible buildings. In traditional LCAs, there
are no dynamics effects. Based on a predefined functional unit, the interventions caused by the product
life cycle were averaged over the complete life cycle. However, if the function (and therefore the allocation
to the functional unit) changes during the lifespan, dynamic effects are introduced within an LCA. Perhaps
this can be illustrated by considering that multiple buildings stages, use stages and even disposal stages
occur during a life cycle. This, in itself, could have implications for the notion of lifespan and life cycles,
possibly resulting in an almost philosophical discussion. A more practical issue to be researched is the development of a classification structure for those socalled building components. Dr E. Durmisevic already has done some research on this subject. This issue
also has some relation to the notion of roadmaps, especially considering the intension for flexibility.
Strongly connected to this classification is the structure and development of a usable database for those
components. The usability of that database should be focussed on architects, contractors, suppliers,
the building industry in general, but also on the owners, users, initiators and developers of these flexible
buildings.
Another interesting research subject connected to this database could be the development of a
systematic approach to determine the impact of those flexible buildings and components, for example the
impact on the environment and therefore to indicate a level of sustainability. It should be clear that the described research project has a strong relation with the research subject of
Green Building (Theme B3.2.6 by Dr E. Durmisevic) within the programme on product realisation by Prof dr
ir W.A. Poelman. Furthermore, this research subject is associated with the IDF workgroup and supported
by industry, local governments and housing associations participating in the pioneering project for
innovations in the building sector, initiated by the Innovation Platform Twente.
Cooperation
Apart from the obvious cooperation with Dr E. Durmisevic’s green building project (Theme B3.2.6 in the
programme of product realisation by Prof dr ir W.A. Poelman), there are more research subjects that have
a strong relation with the general research direction of product life cycle management. Cooperation with the research on Packaging Design by Professor Roland ten Klooster has already
been established on a practical level. Within packaging design, the so-called packaging chain plays an
important role. It is essential to consider the complete packaging chain, also from a more sustainable point
of view. Clearly, the notion of a packaging chain has undeniable similarities with the notion of product
life cycles. In fact, it could well be that the notion of a packaging chain is even more elaborate than just a
product life cycle. As described as one of the main issues within the research project, the changing and
dynamic behaviour of the function can cause unexpected difficulties, also in the packaging chain. Several
graduation projects at the chair of packaging design and management currently focus on applying the LCA
to study the impact of a complete packaging chain in order to support the development process of new
packaging concepts.
From the start of product life cycle management as a research direction, there has been cooperation with
the chair of Thermal Engineering by Professor Theo van der Meer. This long standing relationship has
resulted in cooperation at graduation level for projects by students of sustainable energy technology. For
example, the applicability of several sustainable energy sources often also depends on the possibility of
transforming, transporting and storing energy. It is only possible to support the necessary decisions during
the product development process by applying the product LCA to this chain of energy supply. Obviously, some cooperation occurs on the level of the exchange of ideas, discussion and debate with
the research of management of product development (B1.2.2) by D. Lutters (for example, regarding the
notion and applicability of roadmaps to support the flexible and dynamic behaviour of data structures).
Cooperation is also envisaged with T.H.J. Vaneker on design tools research (B1.2.6) and with H. Tragter on
computational synthesis research (B1.2.3).
Education
The subject of product life cycles is already embedded within the educational programme of the Master
programmes of Industrial Design Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. In the Master programme
for IDE, a course on product life cycles has been developed and is considered a basic necessity for most
tracks. A similar course is available for students of ME, IDM and SET (in a different setup due to their
clearly different backgrounds and Bachelor programmes). To elaborate even further on the subject, a more
voluntary research-oriented course is also available, LCA capita selecta, which requires more initiative
from students. These courses have already resulted in several students, with very different backgrounds, starting
graduation projects related to the subject of product life cycle management, although some of them
are supervised by colleagues from different research subjects, owing to the specific subjects of their
assignments or due to time constrains.
Although a great deal of time has been spent in the past to develop the Bachelor and Master courses in
the subject of product life cycles and a lot of input was generated for other research projects, the tangible
results directly related to this research theme are still somewhat limited. On the other hand, the described
research project is intertwined with more extensive research for the building industry concerning
innovations, especially the cooperation group IDF (industrieel duurzaam flexibel) which will partly fund the
research hours, based on funding made available by the Innovation Platform Twente.
1.2.6 SUB-PROGRAMME: INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS AND
PROCESSES
Research theme III: Integration and Hybrid System Design supervised by Dr ir T.H.J. Vaneker
Introduction
The recent financial crisis has emphasized once more that products and production processes cannot
be seen as separate knowledge fields. Many companies that had been developing successful products
for many decades find it difficult to deal with changing product demands and to adapt their supply chain
accordingly. This strengthens the notion that new production methods must be developed and utilised to
facilitate, for example, mass customisation and flexible supply chain reconfiguration. Product designers
have to be trained to develop a holistic view, enabling them to envisage the long-term effects of their
conceptual choices on all product features. In this light, the group of Integrated Development of New
Products and Processes focuses on research into the interdependencies between product design and
production processes. This will provide new design strategies, outlining a successful product development
process for future designers.
Theme
Within the scope of IDE, the group of Integrated Development of New Products and Processes directs its
focal point to the border of mechanical and industrial engineering. The research topics addressed within
the group deal with the various ways in which product design interacts with production processes. This
ranges from the definition of new products based on existing manufacturing processes (for example the
definition of new cooling concepts based on mainstream printed circuit board manufacturing techniques)
to the development of new production techniques that enable the production of required product
characteristics directly (for instance 3D printing of ceramic micro-reactors).
Research projects
Short descriptions of finalised, ongoing or awarded long-term research topics
ffMarket-Oriented Order Planning in the Automotive Industry: A Building Block for Support of
Efficient Order-Processing
To realise efficient order-processing in manufacturing companies in an increasingly dynamic environment
is a demanding goal. This is especially the case for highly customised products in a declining buyers
market. If efforts to increase customer demand fail and measures for capacity reduction are insufficient,
customer-neutral orders have to be planned to balance production to the difficult to forecast market
demands. Planning of customer-neutral orders goes beyond capacity-planning. At the start of the project,
no planning methods or support tools existed for this purpose. As a result of the PhD project, a planning
concept was proposed and tested that includes the number of producible orders of different product
configurations, the computation of achievable contribution margins, and the calculation of the expected
marketability of customer-neutral orders. The research was conducted in close cooperation with the
Department of Product, Process, and Resource Integration of the DaimlerChrysler Group in Germany. Researcher: B.M. Sailer, MSc., PhD obtained in November 2004. Funded by DaimlerChrysler.
ffInformational Integration of Product Development Software in the Automotive Industry: The ULEO
approach
To increase the effectiveness and efficiency of information-technological processes in automotive product
development a new approach to product and process information sharing has been developed. The
main goal of the research is to increase the level of support of development engineers by fusing isolated
information sources. The research itself focused on the development of a tailor-made framework that
enables all product development software to share information via a Global Information Space (GIS).
An Integrated Information Model (IIM) was developed that gives access to detailed information on
other applications information kind and meaning. A semantic kernel is used to define relations between
information sources and to navigate through the GIS.
This research was conducted in close cooperation with the Department of Product and Production
Modelling of the DaimlerChrysler Group in Germany. A software prototype has been further enhanced and
has been used productively since early 2005. Researcher: J.U. Zimmerman, MSc., PhD obtained in April 2005. Funded by DaimlerChrysler.
ffConnection Elements
The project focussed on the development and introduction of a new concept for information modelling in
automotive engineering. The present generation of tools to support the development of highly complex
mechatronic products like cars offers too limited functionality for dealing with all interactions between
parts. Geometric modelling tools like CAD systems cannot unite the mechanical and electrical domains.
The configuration of cars is becoming increasingly complex because of the large numbers of customerselectable options. Data structures in the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP) systems have to be extended and modified to support these requirements. Researcher: M. Groll, MSc., PhD obtained in January 2008. Funded by DaimlerChrysler.
ffIntegrated Cooling Concepts for Printed Circuit Boards
This research aimed at the development of innovative cooling concepts for electronic products. Thermal
design is considered during the conceptual design phase of electronic systems, in order to find more
integrated solutions. This multidisciplinary approach strives to develop improved thermal management
systems for electronic products, in terms of thermal performance, compactness and flexibility. To develop
a cost-efficient solution, the focus is on utilising standardised electronic manufacturing processes, such
as printed circuit bard (PCB) production technology. Researcher: W.W. Wits, MS., PhD obtained in December 2008. Funded by SenterNovem.
ffCAD Implementation of Design Rules for Aluminium Extrusion Dies
The flow of aluminium within the die is governed by tribo-mechanical and rate- and temperaturedependent effects that have not yet been fully mathematically modelled. As a result, it is difficult to
design the die geometry in such a way that the aluminium profile complies with high customer demands
regarding dimensional accuracy and surface quality. A design method was devised that balances the exit
velocity of flat dies by using a combination of variable sink-in and bearing geometry. Furthermore, design
tools were defined and built that led to a reduction of design time and an increase of the number of inhouse die designs. Since the majority of these new designs is yielding a significant performance increase,
overall productivity has increased while the labour and energy costs have decreased.
Researcher: Ir G. van Ouwerkerk, PhD obtained in April 2009.
ffWhat-if Design
What-if design attempts to support the designer by addressing design problems, both in his or her own
field of expertise, as well as from adjoining domains. To this end, what-if design research focuses on the
development of methods and tools for real-time, in-process design support in order to enhance the search for
optimal solutions. The main advantage of this way of designer support is that the design can be evaluated
continuously on numerous fields of expertise, enabling the optimisation of the search for design solutions.
Researcher: Ir T.H.J. Vaneker. Ongoing.
ff3D Printing of Ceramic Micro-Reactors
An evergreen challenge in chemical conversions is to achieve high selectivity when the product molecules
are converted far more easily than the reactant molecules. In many cases, no processes exist because the
combination of conversion and selectivity is much too low. Application of micro-reactors would become
extremely interesting if it would enable this type of chemistry; specific selective conversions would then
become possible but only by using micro-reactors. Within this research field, we want to explore if we
can build a similar micro-reactor via 3D printing. This micro-reactor will be used for high-temperature gas
phase operation for the selective oxidation of methane. The same technology may well be applicable for
many other selective oxidation reactions, including the production of fine chemicals. The research will
focus on realisation of a proof of principle by manufacturing, both simple and more complex, monolithic
ceramic devices. Various rapid manufacturing techniques, like selective laser sintering or inkjet printing,
as well as the powders, binders and dispersants used, will be investigated. Based on the outcome of the
research, a design of a catalytic-ceramic membrane reactor will be proposed. Researcher: Vacancy for a 1-year post-doc. Expected start date: Early 2010.
ffADEM
An improved ability to adapt to various applications and increase of manufacturing capacity are essential
for large-scale implementation of photovoltaic (PV) technology and a further reduction of costs. Thinfilm silicon technology is expected to play a substantial role in the required developments because of its
typical characteristics, allowing for reduced materials use for the active layers and in-line production
methods of complete interconnected monolithic structures. The manufacturing solutions presently
chosen rely on expensive and disproportionate measures on the cell level, and materials choices that
severely limit processing speed and flexibility. As a consequence, all manufacturers today use batch-wise
encapsulation – typically on a scale of 5 x 1 m2 – resulting in a half-product suitable for add-on rather
than for integration. Further, there are currently no developed (half) product concepts that can effectively
deal with a variety of application classes. The current product concept, materials and manufacturing
methods for thin film silicon module technology are not suited for optimal integration ability and mass
production, and therefore do not utilise the potential advantages of the technology. To overcome this, the
ADEM research will focus on new concepts for (half) products and their mass fabrication.
Researcher: Vacancy for a PhD student. Expected start date: Mid-2010.)
Cooperation
The research within the group of Integrated Development of New Products and Processes has a strong
focus on design, production and the integration thereof. Research focuses on the development of models
and tools that enable designers to incorporate the opportunities of new and existing production processes
into the design in an early stage. This requires a broad view on product realisation, which also reflects on
the range of research fields in where cooperation has been established. Within the University of Twente, cooperative links exist with the groups of Product Lifecycle Management,
Management of Product Design, Computational Synthesis, Production Technology, Mechanics of Forming
Technology, the Laser Application Centre, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Catalytic
Systems and Micro Devices and the Membrane Technology Group.
At the national level, the group is an active member of the RMCentre (research and educational centre on
rapid manufacturing techniques) and board member of the national Manufuture initiative (which supports
research and development for the Dutch knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry). At the global
level, the group is part of EMIRAcle (The European Manufacturing and Innovation Association), ETRIA
(European TRIZ Association of which the group leader is the current president) and CIRP (The international
Academy for Production Engineering). Furthermore, cooperation exists with large industrial companies
such as Thales Netherlands, Astron, Boal B.V., ECN, AWL, Bombadier, MAN, and DaimlerChrysler.
Education
The staff of the group of Integrated Development of New Products and Processes teaches courses and
projects in the curriculum of Industrial Design Engineering (Bachelor/Master), Mechanical Engineering
(Bachelor/Master), Sustainable Engineering Technology (Master) and Biomedical Engineering (Master).
Furthermore, the Industrial Design and Manufacturing Master track has been developed and organised.
This international Master is a cooperation between the Universities of Dortmund (Germany), Aalborg
(Denmark), Strathclyde (Scotland) and Twente. This Master programme focuses on all aspects of product
realisation, from initial product concepts to the industrial manufacturing of fully defined products. It is
open to both Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design Engineering students.
During the period this report covers, 22 students at the Bachelor and Master level graduated. Five PhD
students completed their research, which also led to the application of two worldwide patents. The
group participated in the organisation of two conferences: The CIRP Design Conference (2008) and the
TRIZFuture conference (2008). At the moment, the following research areas are identified as possible new areas of interest.
- Within the European Factories of the Future FP7 call, a proposal has been submitted that focuses on
condition-based supply chain configuration. The recent economic crisis has shown that in order for
companies to survive, they need the ability to reconfigure their supply chain rapidly and efficiently.
The purpose of this proposal is to integrate product design with the supply chain definition. The main
partners are the University of Aachen (Germany), University of Budapest (Hungary), MAN (Germany)
and Bombardier (Germany).
- A new concept for a plug-and-produce laser welding production line in which laser welding robots are
connected to a hub so that they are able to share laser sources. The effect on efficiency and flexibility
will be further explored in cooperation with AWL-techniek (NL) and the chair of Mechanical Automation
and Mechatronics (University of Twente).
- All extrusion dies are designed according to one, often company-specific, design method. Recent
research (CAD Implementation of Design Rules for Aluminium Extrusion Dies; see the section on
research) that benefits can be obtained when the shape of the die is optimised for production speed,
tolerances or/and shape complexity. The research will focus on the definition of these design rules and
on the design support of the die designer. This work is carried out in close cooperation with the chair of
Applied Mechanics.
- The ongoing miniaturisation and integration of electronics in products has raised the demand for
new, low-cost, flexible and accurate production technologies significantly. When creating metallic
connections within products especially the functionality (for instance conductivity, RF properties or
contact behaviour related to various plastics and metals) and geometrical constraints play an important
role, as well as the economics of the production process. Within this project, the use of inkjet printing
as a substitute for soldering and the effects thereof on the product design are investigated. (Thales NL,
Astron, Tycho Electronics, University of Twente.) This research is conducted in cooperation with the
chair of production technology.
- Upon successful completion of the 1-year post-doc project 3D printing of Ceramic Micro-reactors (see
research), a new project will be defined to utilise the identified rapid manufacturing techniques for
further optimisation of the design of chemical micro-reactors. (PhD project; in cooperation with the
groups Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Catalytic Systems and Micro Devices and the
Membrane Technology Group.)
1.2.7 SUB-PROGRAMME: DESIGN SUPPORT FOR MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS
Research theme III: Integration and Hybrid System Design supervised by Dr ir G.M. Bonnema
Introduction
Research on multidisciplinary design has already been a long-term focus of the chair on Design
Engineering. However, a specific group on systems engineering and multidisciplinary design of hybrid
products is only currently being formed. The group aims at developing methods and tools for successful
multidisciplinary cooperation. The main interest is in complex systems design, but other areas of
multidisciplinary cooperation are researched as well.
Theme
Presently, most products consist of a combination of integrated electronic, mechanical and software
modules. That is why they are called mechatronic systems. Integration occurs at nearly all levels of the
product architecture; only at the lowest levels, one can see monodisciplinary components. This means
that a design team should consist of designers from different disciplines. Each discipline has its own
way of working, language and focus. Also, each discipline has strengths and weaknesses. Software is
relatively flexible, dedicated electronics can provide faster computation, etc.
It is the system designer’s task to decide which function is performed by which (combination of)
disciplines, on the one hand. On the other hand, he or she also must make sure that the information during
the design process flows between all designers involved. In the context of industrial design engineering,
the products that are to be designed – consumer goods – will usually not be as complex as wafer steppers
or medical imaging devices. Nevertheless, the same issues occur, even more so because often, no system
designer was appointed. The industrial designer has to make sure all design effort results in a properly
composed and balanced product. In the group on design support for mechatronic systems, the focus is on multidisciplinary cooperation and
communication. There are different approaches to these issues.
Figure 1 Research directions in the Design Support for Mechatronic Systems group
Create
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Create high-level models: Creating an easy-to-use language that is understood by all disciplines involved.
The language should be able to convey customer interests, technical opportunities and limitations, and
result in simpler models that can be used by the more monodisciplinary designers.
Condense information: In contrast to the general idea, expert designers do not use models that are as
complete as possible. They use models that are as simple as possible. The issue is to find the essence
of the problem, and describe that as compactly as possible. The process of simplifying the model of the
problem is very useful in finding the parameters and processes that determine the actually achieved
performance.
Combine model types: As each discipline has its own set of frequently used models, it is necessary to
investigate a way of connecting these models. The goal is that each discipline can look at its own models
but use data, where needed, from other models, without noticing.
Different combinations of approaches are also possible, and thus investigated.
Research projects
ffFunKey Architecting – an integrated approach to system
architecting using functions, key drivers and system budgets
A method is developed that helps the designer to acquire
context information, and the system designer to track the detail
information. We use the combination of functional models, with
performance models in the form of system budgets. The interface
between the customer’s objects and the developer’s effort are
key drivers. The goal is threefold: Achieve insight, create and
maintain overview, and stimulate innovation. Researcher: Ir G. Maarten Bonnema. PhD obtained on 3 April 2008. Primary funding.
ffIntegrated Cooling Concepts for Printed Circuit Boards
This research aims to develop innovative cooling concepts for electronic products. Thermal design is
considered during the conceptual design phase of electronic systems, in order to find more integrated
solutions. This multidisciplinary approach strives to develop improved thermal management systems for
electronic products, in terms of thermal performance, compactness and flexibility. To develop a costefficient solution, the focus is on utilising standardised electronic manufacturing processes, such as
printed circuit board (PCB) production
technology. Joint project with Dr ir T. Vaneker.
Researcher: Ir W.W. Wits. PhD obtained
on 4 December 2008. Funding from
SenterNovem.
ffDarwin project - Evolvability in designing medical imaging devices
Many complex systems are developed incrementally. Each new generation is based on, and reuses, a large
portion of the components of previous versions. Moreover, the systems are part of product families with
common characteristics. By reverse architecting of the system design, and representing the information
as compactly as possible, the reusability of the architecture is improved. Researcher: D. Borches Juzgado, MSc. Expected end date: Summer 2010. Funding from Embedded
Systems Institute.
ffDesign Patterns in Mechatronics Design
The research will formulate a design architecture and a framework with which multi domain design
processes can be integrated. It aims at the definition of an abstract model layer that connects the various
domain specific models and design processes involved. This layer can, apart from integration, also be used
to maintain model consistency and to automate design tasks. We hypothesise that patterns can be found
in this abstract layer which can be reused in subsequent designs. These patterns will be called design
patterns. Researcher: Ir K. Woestenenk. Expected end date: Spring 2012. On this topic there is close cooperation
with the Computational Synthesis group of Ir H. Tragter. Funding from IOP-IPCR.
ffDeveloping a surgical robot manipulator system for the new generation of flexible instruments
(Teleflex)
This is a joint project with the UAPD research group of Dr ir M. van der Voort. For more information, see
Theme II.
ffAutonomous Litter-Collecting Robot
Litter is a problem in many urban areas. Litter leads to more litter, higher crime
rates, a lower feeling of safety. The expectations concerning cleanliness in town
centres are increasing. To assist the city cleaners, a robot is developed that can
autonomously find litter, manoeuvre towards it and collect it, while avoiding
obstacles. This project is performed by students from industrial design engineering,
mechanical engineering, electronic engineering and software engineering, under
supervision of Dr ir G.M. Bonnema, Dr ir J. Broenink of EEMCS and Ir J. Leideman
of Demcon. Funding: Foundation Nederland Schoon.
ffMechatronic Features
In many of today’s products, components stemming from the mechanical, electrical and/or software
domain are combined. Therefore, it is essential that the product development process can adequately
integrate those different domains. An example of the relation between domains is the association
between product functions and the solutions from the different domains. Such associations lead to
exponentially increasing complexity in product development processes. The reason for this lies in the fact
that the hierarchical decomposition of product functionality does not allow for a one-to-one mapping with
any hierarchical decomposition of the resulting solution for the overall problem. Mechatronic features are
depicted as a method to map m elements in one domain to n elements in another domain.
The introduction of mechatronic features results in adequately supporting the designer both in the
conceptual design phase as well as in later phases of the design process. Therefore, the designer can use
them as meaningful entities that aid in establishing purposeful product definitions. Researcher: Ir I.F. Lutters-Weustink. Funding from Daimler A.G.
Cooperation
As mechatronic design is, by nature, multidisciplinary, the group of people working on this topic consists
of mechanical, electrical, communication, and industrial design engineers. This is deliberately aimed at
in order to resemble the actual working environment of mechatronic system designers. Furthermore, the
group cooperates with several other institutions like the Control Engineering group at the Faculty of EEMCS
(Professor S. Stramigioli), and the Intelligent Mechanical Systems group at the Delft University of Technology
(Professor T. Tomiyama). The Darwin project is an initiative of the Embedded Systems Institute in Eindhoven.
In the Darwin project, the group cooperates with researchers from the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, Delft
University of Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Groningen. Furthermore, there is
an intensive contact with the Buskerud University College in Norway (Professor Gerrit Muller).
The biggest challenge for the group is to research and invent tools that actually work in an industrial setting.
For systems design, complexity and large search spaces are a fact of life. These cannot be simulated with
simple problems. Therefore, close contact and cooperation with industry is vital. Fortunately, there is a large
base of companies to cooperate with. The FunKey research was applied at Mapper Lithography in Delft, the
Darwin project has the MRI Department of Philips Medical Systems as industrial partner, and the integrated
cooling principles were developed in cooperation with Thales. Furthermore, parts of projects are executed
with ASML lithography, Océ, and Vanderlande Industries. Finally, the group works closely together with
Demcon, the Nederland Schoon Foundation and the Hako company (Germany) in the litter-collecting robot
project.
Education
The research of the group results in knowledge, tools and practical cases to illustrate courses in the
IDE programme. Contributions are made to courses like Introduction to Industrial Design, CAD/CAM 1
(process, principles and tools), Product Design, the Design of Mechatronics and Systems project, and the
Master track on Smart Environments in the Emerging Technology Design Master.
Outlook
Because the group is still rather young, the goal is to improve the coherence of its research portfolio. The
research area is extremely relevant for the Dutch metal-electro industry and therefore aims at an even
closer cooperation with industry.
1.2.8 SUB-PROGRAMME: PACKAGING DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
Research theme III: Integration and Hybrid System Design supervised by Prof dr ir R. ten Klooster
Introduction
The part-time chair of Packaging Design and Management was started on 1 May 2006 and is funded
by the Netherlands Packaging Centre (NVC). Initially, the chair was instantiated for a period of three
years, but NVC has decided to continue funding over a longer period. Because of the chair’s recent
establishment, no past performance but only research plans can be presented. However, ample chances
for funding (a.o. by the packaging industry) do exist. For the time being, Master students are carrying out
minor research assignments until PhD positions can be opened. A pilot project with a major meat supplier
(VION) was recently acquired. The first PhD project – Hidden Health – started in 2009.
Theme
The aim of the chair Packaging Design and Management is to raise professionalism in the world of
packaging. Many mistakes are made in this field of design. For example, many projects lead to designs
that are not producible, the total value of products being thrown away in the packaging chain exceeds by
far the cost of the packaging process and materials used. Another example: Many graphical packaging
designs cannot be realised. Therefore, several themes have been set up to overcome this problem.
The chair is paid by eleven companies (coordinated by NVC, as already mentioned). To ensure contact is
maintained with the market and related insights, a formal meeting is organised twice a year to discuss the
themes and the results with these companies.
Research projects
ffDesign methods of product packaging combinations
Product and packaging have to be designed together at the same time and in cooperation with each other.
This means that developers with different backgrounds have to communicate and have to know what
to bring to the discussion at what moment of the development process. This requires insights into the
development process, but also communications skills, the ability to understand and convince developers
of other fields like food technology, product design, pharmaceutics, etc. (The term products should
be understood as broad as possible: Food, non-food, fast-moving consumer goods, durables, medical,
industrial.) Functional specification is a way to overcome possible mistakes and to make it possible to
communicate with specialists involved in the development.
Differences in field of education, the educational level of product designers and packaging designers as
well as their language and terminology are also bottlenecks.
As packaging usually fulfils its functions over a shorter time span than the product itself, this asks for
modelling as well.
Researchers: Dr ir D. Lutters, Prof dr ir R. Ten Klooster. To be completed: 2013. Primary funding.
ffFood Supply Chain 2015
Food supply has changed considerably over the last fifteen years. Ready meals or partly prepared meals
have become popular; they only need finishing. Retailers and food services are increasingly operating on
the same markets. This leads to suboptimal chains with too many players. One of the results is that a lot of
food is spoiled as well in the chain as in households. The research project intends to gain insight in trends and developments in this field and wants to sketch
scenarios with solutions for food supply chain of the future. The use of software and intelligent and/or
active packaging can be part of the solution. Healthy food, in particular to reduce overweight, is becoming an important topic. People want to know
what they eat and what the possible consequences are. Packaging plays an important role in this. Finally,
design rules for food packaging have to be set up.
Researcher: Prof dr ir R. Ten Klooster. To be completed: 2013. Primary funding.
ffThe packaging line of the future
There is hardly any detailed knowledge about how to manage the design process of a packaging line. A
packaging line usually is a serial configuration of machinery with different performance parameters. In
between the machinery are buffers. Normally so called V-curves are used to set the speed over the line. In
practice, the design of the packaging plays a major role, but this usually is neglected or unknown. Packaging
line design processes can be optimised in many ways, for example with software. This research field aims to
develop tools (software programmes) to get a better grip on the design process of packaging lines.
The aims are to achieve higher overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), more innovation and higher flexibility.
Researchers: Prof dr ir R. Ten Klooster, Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. Van Houten. To be completed: 2013. Primary funding.
ffThe Intuitive Packaging
Packaging should not open spontaneously or be opened too easily, for instance to avoid transport damage
or because of the risk of shoplifting, but it should also not be too hard to open after the product has been
lawfully bought and is intended to be used. This research field aims to gain insight in design rules: How to
design a packaging which can be opened in a logical way. Research questions are for instance:
-- Why do consumers not understand many packaging designs?
-- What is the role of well known ways to open packaging?
-- What is the role of rituals?
-- Why are ergonomic design rules limited for packaging design?
Finally, design rules and a way how to test packaging designs will be developed. This project is strongly related to the theme Use Anticipation in Product Design, Dr ir M. van der Voort (see
B1.2.3)
Researcher: Ir N. Peeters. To be completed: 2013.
ffUnpredictable consumer behaviour
It is not known in detail how consumers are influenced by the design of the packaging in their decision
to buy a certain product. The question is: Which design parameters play a role and which are most
important? One could think about colour, typography, images, fonts, shape, material, etc. This research
theme focuses on shelf acceptance, which implies that emotional aspects that occur during use
experiences of the product are not taken into account.
Design rules will be developed, together with a method for testing the packaging design.
A PhD student is working on this subject in a project called Hidden Health. The project is funded by the
FrieslandCampina company and is executed in cooperation with the University of Utrecht. The visual
appearance of the packaging is analysed and design rules are tested to make sure that people see
packaging as predicted. Functional MRI scans will be made at the University of Utrecht of people who
have to make choices based on the designed packaging. Eventually, this will lead to a design method in
which the visual appearance of packaging can be designed with more predictable outcomes. This project
is carried out in close cooperation with the section Management of Product Development (see B.1.2.2) Researchers: M. Zeko-Gelici Msc., Prof dr ir R. ten Klooster, Ir N. Peeters,, Dr ir D. Lutters, Ir R. Damgrave,
Ir W. Dankers. To be completed: 2013. Funded by FrieslandCampina.
Cooperation
Clearly, cooperation with the eleven companies who are funding the chair, together with the Netherlands
Packaging Centre, is a premise. Many Master theses are carried out at these eleven companies, among
which are major players in their field. These eleven companies are FrieslandCampina, Grolsch (SAB Miller),
SmurfitKappa, Merck (Schering Plough – Organon), Heinz, Owens Illinois, Bosch Packaging Equipment,
Corus (Tata Steel), Container Central, Rexam Metal Packaging and Budelpack. Additionally, Master
theses are carried out for many other companies. There are good relationships with other universities.
Guest lectures are presented at the Universities of Wageningen and Gent as well as Delft University
of Technology. The project Hidden Health is executed in cooperation with FrieslandCampina and the
University of Utrecht.
Education
Packaging Design and Management I is a 5 EC subject in the Master programme in which the basic
aspects of packaging design are introduced. In Packaging Design and Management II, the aspects are
further elaborated together with the introduction of other aspects. Capita Selecta gives ample room for
additional subjects and research projects on packaging. The subject ‘Project K’ packaging is involved in
the second year. Support is given to students in the defining their assignments on packaging design. Results and future work
The outlines of the results are becoming clear now. In the future, this will lead to more publications about
packaging design and to a better understanding of the fundamentals of packaging design. To form a steady self-supporting group on Packaging Design, more PhD projects are needed. A problem
is that in this field the level of highly educated people is quite low, which makes it hard to find companies
who see the benefit of a scientific approach. At the moment, we have about 25 completed Master theses
on packaging; at least 6 of the graduates are working as packaging designer. It will take time, but the goal
is to lift the scientific level of this sector. Once this has been achieved, it will be easier to start research
projects. The group will therefore grow slowly but steadily.
1.3 PROCESSES IN RESEARCH, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
COLLABORATION
1.3.1 RESEARCH ATMOSPHERE
The University of Twente has created a matrix organisation: Educational programmes are the
responsibilities of Faculties while research activities are organised in Institutes. The research groups
have to work together in educational programmes and provide teaching capacity for the different
curricula of the Faculty. The Faculty of Engineering Technology comprises three educational programmes,
Industrial Design Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering. As the staff of the Design
Engineering group has been heavily involved in the preparation, launch and operation of the Industrial
Design Engineering curriculum, there is a strong bond between the staff members and their research
topics. Although the majority of the research topics are carried out under the flag of the IMPACT institute,
there are an increasing number of topics that also would fit in institutes like CTIT, MIRA, IBR and IGS. The
Faculty is sub-divided in departments, each consisting of at least one full-time chair and sometimes parttime chairs. The DPM Department comprises 5 full-time chairs and two part-time chairs.
Regular meetings of all chairs together with the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering Technology are
held in order to discuss the coherence and consistency of the research portfolios and plans of the
different groups. The research strategy of the Faculty is discussed in the Board of Professors (Kamer van
Hoogleraren) and per educational programme in the Disciplinary council Industrial Design Engineering
(Disciplineraad IO), the Disciplinary council Mechanical Engineering (Disciplineraad WB) and the
Disciplinary council Civil Engineering (Disciplineraad CiT). On the Institute level, research matters are
discussed in the Advisory board and the Strategic Board. There is a tendency towards institute research
programme strategy becoming more influential. This creates dilemmas for the research group and for its
individual staff members.
On the tactical level, the decisions about which research funding to go for and on which topics to submit
proposals is discussed by the head of the research departments, the full-time chairs and the senior staff
members. On the operational level, it is decided which opportunities should be followed up (industry
contacts, tenders, partner search requests etc.). It is important to have a proper mix between fundamental and applied projects, between industry
projects and collaboration with external research institutions, between large and small projects. Not all
opportunities are taken, but each one is rated against the strategic and tactical objectives of the group.
In order to facilitate ample possibilities for interaction with and among PhD students, their workplaces
are located as close as possible to the offices of the permanent staff, although the lack of space in
combination with increase of the number of (PhD) projects has been causing problems recently.
1.3.2 PROCESSES OF QUALITY CONTROL
In the structure of the IOP projects, quality control is intrinsically embedded. Each project is executed by
three or four PhD students from different universities and different research groups. They work closely
together and are monitored by a number of staff members of the participating groups. Furthermore, participating industry partners monitor progress through the executed cases and scheduled
project meetings. In the projects with larger companies or research institutions – like Daimler, Thales, NS/ProRail, TNO,
ECN – which accommodate several PhD students, quality control is implemented through (joint) project
meetings and informal contacts. In the projects with smaller companies, more frequent project meetings are held and regular telephone
contact is held. Monitoring of submission and acceptance of papers is another means of quality control.
1.3.3 SUPERVISION OF JUNIOR RESEARCHERS
PhD projects are monitored by internal and external review mechanisms that partly depend on the type
of project. Each student has a member of the permanent scientific staff as a supervisor. Apart from that,
there is a formal reporting structure which depends on the funding mechanism. In IOP projects, the
project management has to report on a half-yearly basis. Each project has an industrial advisory board
which meets several times per year with the project leaders and PhD students. Industrial PhD projects
have regular progress meetings with the academic and industrial supervisors. The programme leader has
regular meetings with all PhD students. The frequency of these meetings increases during the project;
in particular in the last year, during the writing of the thesis, the contact is intensive. PhD students
participate in presentation sessions for the group where they give research presentations. Every PhD
student has to write at least one scientific paper per year (position paper, concepts and preliminary results,
implementation and results, wrap up and dissertation). On the average each student presents at least two
papers at conferences and submits two papers to journals in total; some PhD students produce more.
1.3.4 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL COLLABORATION
Design Engineering is a multidisciplinary research field. Because all projects within a specific research
theme are closely related, there is intensive contact between PhD students and staff members. The group
works closely together with most of the other research groups in the Department. There are also close
collaborations and joint projects with research groups of other faculties. Formally, these collaborations
are implemented through participation in university research institutes like CTIT, IMPACT, MIRA (local),
ESI and 3TU (national) and national research institutes like TNO (several branches), ECN, Gastec, etc.
Apart from previously mentioned industrially funded PhD projects, there is cooperation with Philips
Consumer Lifestyle, Twente Cable Holding, Solva Group/ Somatech. Demcon, Ten Cate (Thiolon, advanced
composites and advanced textiles) and Mapper.
1.4 ACADEMIC REPUTATION
Memberships in scientific boards
-- Vice President of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP) (Van Houten,
2009-present)
-- Member of the German Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech) Van Houten, 2009-present)
-- Vice President-Elect of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP) (Van Houten, 20082009)
-- Member of the Council of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP) (Van Houten,
2006-present)
-- Fellow of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP) (Van Houten, 1994-present)
-- Corresponding member of the International Institution for Production Engineering Research (CIRP) (van
Houten, 1985-1994)
-- Member of the CIRP publishing committee. (Van Houten, 2006-present)
-- Chairman of the CIRP Scientific Technical Committee ‘Optimisation (van Houten,1997-2000)
-- Secretary of the CIRP Scientific Technical Committee ‘Design’ (Lutters 2008-present)
-- Associate Member of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP) (Lutters,
2005-present)
-- Associate Member of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP) (Vaneker,
2008-present)
-- Research Associate of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP) (Wits,
2009-present)
-- Chairman of IFIP working Group 5.3 (Computer Aided Manufacturing) (Van Houten, 2000-2006)
-- Member of IFIP TC5 Van Houten, 2000-2006)
-- Member of the Directory Board of EU NoE VRL-KCiP, ‘Virtual Research Lab, Knowledge Community in
Production’ (Van Houten, 2004-2008)
-- Vice President of the European Association EMIRAcle, (European Manufacturing and Innovation
Research Association, a cluster leading excellence (Van Houten, 2008-present)
-- Member of the Scientific Council of the INPG (Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble) (Van Houten
2008-present)
-- Member of the national IOP-IPCR programme advisory board (Van Houten, 2005-present)
Editorships and reviewing of academic journals
Editorial boards:
-- Chairman of the Editorial Committee of the CIRP Annals (Van Houten, 1999-2006)
-- Editor CIRP Annals (Van Houten,1995-1999)
-- CIRP International Journal on Manufacturing Science and Technology (Van Houten 2008-present)
-- CIRP Journal on Manufacturing Systems (Van Houten, 1998-2006)
-- International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (Van Houten, 2004-present)
-- Academic Journal of Manufacturing Engineering (Van Houten 2008-present)
-- Asian International Journal of Science and Technology (Van Houten 2008-present)
-- Journal of Machine Engineering (Van Houten 2006-present)
-- International Journal of Product Life Cycle management (Van Houten, 2006-present)
-- Computers in Industry, Advanced Engineering Informatics, WPG-Annals, ASME Journal of
Manufacturing Science and Engineering, National Research Foundation of South Africa (Lutters, 2008)
-- Pocketbook on Packaging (Zakboek Verpakkingen) Reed business information (Ten Klooster 2008)
Reviewing:
-- Computers in Engineering, Computers in Industry, International Journal of Computer Aided
manufacturing. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Journal of
Manufacturing Systems, Revue internationale de CFAO et d’infographie, ASME Journal of
Manufacturing Science and Engineering (Van Houten)
-- CIRP International Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology (Lutters)
Other proofs of academic reputation
Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van Houten
-- Appointment as Invited Full Professor at the University of Tokyo (Leader of JR-East Maintenance
Project) (1999)
-- External assessor for PhD defences (Van Houten: Germany (1), France (7), Belgium (5), UK (1), Singapore
(2), Sweden (1), South Africa (1)
-- Chairman/Examiner for international accreditations (France (4)
-- Member of review committees for University research programmes: (Van Houten: France (appointed by
French government: CNRS): INPG research institutes. (Grenoble: Laboratoire 3S, G-Scope), (Paris: LURPA)
-- Member of the jury for the best International Master’s programme (Germany DAAD 2006, 2007)
Expert assessor of research programmes:
-- The Modelling of Synthesis project, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research for the Future
Programme (JSPS-RFTF) (December 2000)
-- Laboratoire 3S, Université de Grenoble Membre du Comité Scientifique appointed by CNRS (1998, 2002
and 2006), conseil scientifique SWOT analysis (2009)
-- Bremer Institut für Betriebstechnik und angewandte Arbeitswissenschaft (BIBA) (2002) -- LURPA, ENS Cachan, Membre du Comité Scientifique appointed by CNRS (2005) and appointed by
Aeres (2009)
-- Elected as Expert Assessor for the Mission Scientifique, Technique et Pédagogique du Ministère de
l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, Departement Sciences Pour
l’Ingénieur (DSPT8) (2005)
-- Organiser of the EU Manufuture 2004 conference (under the Dutch EU presidency)
-- Co-author to the EU Manufuture Vision 2020 document (for FP7 DG3) (2005)
-- Board member of the Dutch Manufuture platform (2006-present)
-- Board member of the Rapid Manufacturing Centre (2009-present)
-- Board member of the LEO Centre for Service Robotics (2009-present)
-- Member of numerous international scientific committees of International conferences in the area of
Design and manufacturing
Dr ir M.C. Van der Voort
-- Member of the Management Team of the Centre for Telematics and Information Technology (CTIT) of
the University of Twente (position: coordinator SRO NICE) (2003-2007)
-- Member of Technical Programme Committee for 2008 IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium
-- Chair of the organisation of the CTIT symposium 2008 ‘Creative Industries
-- Chair of the organisation of the symposium on Design for Usability (June 2008)
-- Organiser of a special session on Scenario Based Product Design at the CIRP Design conference 2009.
-- Reviewer Cirp Design Conference 2008 and 2009
-- Reviewer Design Research Society conferences 2008 and 2010
Ir F.W.B. Hoolhorst
-- Member of the editorial board of the ‘Tijdschrift voor Ergonomie’ from fall 2009
Dr ir A.H.M.E. Reinders
-- Member of the advisory committee of research institute IMPACT of University of Twente
-- Sub-area chair of the international IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (2009)
-- Area chair of the international IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (2010)
-- Editor of a special issue of a scientific journal related to papers presented at this conference
-- Reviewer for the International journal on Solar Energy
-- Reviewer for International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
-- Associate member of the international Alliance for Rural Electrification
-- Advisor of the UT student solar team on photovoltaic technology. (The team participated in the World
Solar Challenge in Australia in 2005, 2007 and 2009)
Dr ir G.M. Bonnema
-- Co-chair First Workshop on Complex Systems Architecting June 22, 2009, Delft
-- Jury of the KIvI/Niria Thesis price 2008
-- Member of the Scientific committee of the TRIZ/Future conference 2008
-- Member of the Scientific committee of the CIRP Design conference 2008 Advisor of the World Solar
Challenge Team Twente 2008-2009
-- Member of committee for new curriculum ‘Creative Technology’ 2008
1.5 INTERNAL EVALUATION
The group has been quite successful in acquiring external funding, both from large international industries
like Daimler A.G., Thales and from SMEs on the national level (Boal, Solva Group, Stork/Fokker, Demcon
etc.). The group has also been successful in acquiring a leading position in the European Network of
Excellence VRL-KCiP (member of the board, and ample funding for project management). Also, the
preparations and applications for the IOP programme Integrated Product Creation and Realisation have
been very successful (participation in six projects out of ten granted, six PhD student positions). All
projects are intrinsically related and the involved PhD students work closely together. The projects fit well
within the group’s research strategy.
1.6 EXTERNAL VALIDATION
The group has a tradition in research in the area of feature-based design and manufacturing. A large
percentage of the software developed in research projects has been commercialised and distributed
worldwide. The most successful example is the PART system which is now sold by Siemens PLM software
under the name Tecnomatix ‘Machining Line Planner’. The most important users are the big players in
the automotive industry. This has resulted, among other things, in substantial research contracts with
Daimler (5 PhD students). Research projects with Thales have resulted in several patents in the area of
PCB design. Also in the field of production management a patent has been filed (Design of an Automatic
Warehouse System). Long-term research contracts with smaller companies like Boal (> 15 years) have
also proven that the outcome of the research is highly valued by the industry. The international scientific reputation of the group is high. This can also be concluded from the fact that
the programme leader is regularly invited to participate in review committees for research programmes of
renowned institutions. Important functions are fulfilled within the International Academy for Production
Engineering (CIRP) and the German Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech).
The Thales developed Effect Based Solution process is enhanced by advance simulation techniques
developed by the Design Engineering group. The University of Twente offers a unique combination
of technical and behavioural sciences to support these processes. The VR lab comprises advanced
technology for multi-modal interaction (large scale 3D visualisation, haptics, multi-user multi-touch
surfaces, full body motion capturing, 3D scanning and printing etc.). Copies under licence of the T-Xchange concept have recently been realised at the Paris Thales office at
the École Polytechnique (Palaisau), at the DECIS lab in Delft and in Singapore. In that sense the Design
Engineering group has already gained a worldwide reputation in innovative concepts for the engineering
of (material and immaterial) products. Many commercial customer contracts have been acquired and executed during the last four years, varying
from consumer product development, safety and security issues, infrastructure, construction, urban
development etc. Recently T-Xchange has won the KIVI-NIRIA Innovation Game award. The VR lab is a very practical environment for protocol studies (it is equipped with video/audio capturing
systems) and simulation studies. It is also the place to introduce and test ideas for new research projects,
together with stakeholders. The various IOP projects contribute to and gain from the use of the VR lab and
the participation in T-Xchange sessions. In that sense the T-Xchange forms the touchstone for the viability
of the results forthcoming from the various research projects. Apart from that the VR lab is in itself an
instrument for process improvement and innovation. Many ideas for new research projects emerge from
the VR lab sessions with leading people from industry and government.
In addition, the visibility at the European Commission and the visits of many key persons from science and
industry visiting the VR lab make the group well known for its advanced ideas and projects. The group’s
sound scientific base on the one hand and the practical approach with respect to implementation in
combination with excellent research facilities and highly motivated researchers on the other hand make
this group a very attractive partner for the industry, both as a supplier of highly qualified personnel and as
partner in all kinds of joint research projects.
Two patents have been granted for inventions by one of the PhD students working on the Thales/Astron
PACMAN project, for a new type of heat sinks for printed circuit boards.
Present occupation of former PhD students (2003-2008)
Three PhD students stayed at the University of Twente as staff and one is now working at a large research
institution in Germany. Three have founded their own businesses. The other six work in the industry.
1.7 RESEARCHERS AND OTHER PERSONNEL
Table 4a Total research staff at programme level (in fte)
Design Engineering
Full professors
Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. v. Houten
Prof dr ir R. ten Klooster
Associate professors
Dr ir D. Lutters
Dr ir M.C. van der Voort
Assistant professors
Ir A.H. Streppel
Dr ir D. Lutters
Dr ir M.C. van der Voort
Dr ir G.M. Bonnema
Ir F.G.M. Kokkeler
Ir H. Tragter
Dr ir I.F. Lutters-Weustink
Ir T.H.J. Vaneker
Ir M. Van der Bijl-Brouwer
Dr A.H.M.E. Reinders
Ir M. Toxopeus
Ir R.G.J. Damgrave
Ir J.A. Garde
Dr ir W.W. Wits
Dr ir O.W. Schotborg
W. Dankers
Ir M.M. Olthof
Total tenured research staff
Non-tenured staff
Ir O.W. Schotborg
Ir M.Meulenbelt
Dr A. Tiwari MS
Ir M.M. Olthof
Ir N. Peeters
PhD students
R. de Jesus Silva
Ir O.W. Schotborg
Ir M. Tideman
Ir W.W. Wits
Ir J. Miedema
Ir J.M. Jauregui Becker
P.D. Borches Juzgado
I. Anggreeni
Ir A.G. Entrop
Ir D.C. ten Dam
Ir F.W.B. Hoolhorst
Ir K. Woestenenk
Ir B.M. van Waterschoot
M. Rashid MSc
Zeko Gelici, M.M., MSc
J.G. Ruiter
Ir T.D. Weidenaar
Total non-tenured staff Total research staff
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
3
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.05
0.25
0.08
0.40
0.08
1.45
0.21
0.40
0.08
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.40
0.30
1.10
1.50
2.00
1.80
1.70
1.90
1.62
1.90
2.14
2.06
1.33
0.13
0.40
0.13
0
0
0
21.37
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.40
0.34
0.38
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.21
0.32
0.33
5.08
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.30
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.13
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.36
0.34
0.20
0.10
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.32
0.38
0.20
0
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.32
0.36
0.20
0
0.20
0.20
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.32
0.40
0.34
0.38
0.40
0.13
0.40
0.13
2.83
3.20
3.50
3.45
3.41
4.98
3
3
3
3
1
0.08
0.28
CTIT
3
1
3
3
3
3
CTIT
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0.80
0.36
0.67
0.20
0.88
3.71
0.80
0.33
0.80
0.27
0.27
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.47
2.48
5.68
3.14
6.64
CTIT = UT Research Institute, T-Xchange staff not included
74 B1 · DESIGN ENGINEERING Sum
2003-08 2009
Funding
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.47
0.27
0.10
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.10
0.33
0.43
0.80
0.20
0.54
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.10
0.80
0.80
0.53
0.60
0.53
4.84
8.29
6.46 8.97
9.87 13.95
0.67
0.20
PM
0.13
0.80
0.31
1.87
3.53
3.40
3.21
2.87
0.80
2.40
0.80
2.07
0.80
1.87
0.80
0.40
0.10
1.13
0.80
1.23
0.80
0.53
0.80
0.60
0.80
0.53
0.40
0
0.73
0
0.67
0
0.13
26.87 9.67
48.24 14.75
Table 4b Total research staff at programme level (in fte)
Design Engineering
Sum
2003-08 2009
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Total research staff theme I
2.45
4.03
4.27
5.26
6.46
8.58
31.05
8.75
Total research staff theme II
0.50
0.57
0.61
0.75
0.74
1.54
5.38
1.54
Total research staff theme III
0.77
1.89
2.57
3.09
3.46
3.77
15.55
3.88
1.8 RESOURCES, FUNDING AND FACILITIES
Table 5 Funding at programme level
Funding in K euro
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Direct funding
2.010
2.061
2.837
2005
2422
3083
4
0
0
0
0
0
109
114
683
945
1.313
1.449
Research funding
Contracts incl. indirect funding
Other
14
27
19
30
37
27
Total (incl. work in progress)
2.137
2.201
3.540
2.980
3.772
4.709
Funding in %
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Direct funding
94
94
80
67
64
67
Research funding
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
19
32
35
33
Other
Total (incl. work in progress)
1
1
1
1
1
1
100
100
100
100
100
100*
* = rounding off
1.9 OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS
Key publications
-- Schotborgh, W.O., Kokkeler, F.G.M., Tragter, H., & Houten, F.J.A.M. van. (2005). Dimensionless design
graphs for flexure elements and a comparison between three flexure elements. Precision engineering,
29(1), 41-47
-- Bonnema, G.M., & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2006). Use of models in conceptual design. Journal of
engineering design and technology, 17(6), 549-562
-- Vaneker, T.H.J., & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2006). What-if design as a synthesizing working method in
product design. CIRP annals, 55(2), 131-134
-- Tideman, M., Voort, M.C. van der, & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2007). Using virtual reality for scenario based
product design. In Coutellier Fischer, X. (Ed.), Research in interactive Design. Berlin: Springer Verlag
-- Jauregui-Becker, J.M., Wits, W.W. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). Reducing design complexity of
multidisciplinary domain integrated products: a case study. In Proceedings of the 41st CIRP Conference
on Manufacturing Systems (pp. 149-154). Tokyo, Japan: University of Tokyo (ISBN 9781848002661).
Has won the Best Paper Award
Table 6 Programme results: outcome numbers
Design Engineering
Academic
publications
Sum
2003-08 2009
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
a. PhD. Theses
+ external
2
2
1
0
0
5
10
2
b. In refereed
journals
0
8
2
4
1
13
28
11
c. Conference
Proceedings
4
9
7
13
20
1
41
94
27
d. Monographs and
editorial books
1
1
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
2
0
2
1
2
7
2
Total
7
22
10
19
23
64
144
52
0
5
2
5
5
27
44
1
Patents
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
e. Book chapters
A full list of publications can be found at the end of this chapter.
1.10 ANALYSIS, PERSPECTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS FOR THE
RESEARCH PROGRAMME
Strengths
The research group Design Engineering:
-- Has an international reputation of being at the forefront of scientific developments in the field of usercentred, scenario based design, Virtual Reality and systems engineering;
-- Holds important positions in the International Academy of Production Engineering (CIRP);
-- Programme leader is member of the German Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech);
-- Has a substantial exposure on the organisational level of the European Union; (NMP, Manufuture);
-- Has a strong international reputation in the CAD-CAM industry;
-- Has substantial research contracts with large international companies (Daimler, Thales);
-- Has excellent large-scale laboratory facilities (VR lab, T-Xchange, RMcentre);
-- Has a broad spectrum of well focused supercritical research activities;
-- Is the nucleus of the Netherlands’ strongest academic group on Design and Production;
-- Trains Master and PhD graduates who are very much appreciated by industry and research institutions.
Weaknesses
The efforts to develop and teach several new educational programmes (Bachelor/Master, Industrial
Design Engineering, Creative Technology, International Master Industrial Design and Manufacturing,
Bachelor TOM, Master programme Architectural Building Components Design Engineering) have put a
heavy burden on the staff. The scientific output of some staff members might otherwise have been even
substantially higher during the assessment period. Most of the new staff members are young scientists
who need some time to explore and build up their research areas. Because of that, the scientific output
has been lagging somewhat behind, but is now up to standards again.
Opportunities
The euphoria about low-wage production in remote locations has been reduced to the right proportions
and the willingness to invest in improvement of local production facilities and product development has
substantially increased. High-level automation (24/7) is the new paradigm and the industry is in need
of bright ideas and practical implementation. This forms an excellent base for technologically oriented
research groups in the domain of design and manufacturing. The national IOP-IPCR programme has been extended with two additional tenders (2009, 2010).
The EU Manufuture initiative has been well received and a national Manufuture platform has been
established. Project proposals in the fields of Infrastructures and Factories of the Future are being prepared.
Several large international companies are becoming interested in the group’s scientific work.
Product Life Cycle issues are gaining increased interest in the industry, not only from an environmental
point of view. Maintenance is also becoming an important issue, particularly in the design phase of
infrastructure. A part-time chair on Design for Maintainability will be established. Research contracts in
the domain of maintenance engineering have been signed.
The T-Xchange concept has proven to work for product design issues, but also in a more general sense for
group decision-making processes.Several substantial research projects in the latter field are being carried
out and many new ones are in preparation. As the facility is also the main laboratory of the DE group, the
DE network is strengthened through cooperative research in this facility.
Threats
Local
Availability of floor space (accommodation) is becoming a problem (both labs and offices) and is
exceedingly costly. As a consequence, future expansion of research activities might become difficult.
For the T-Xchange personnel office space has been rented on the business and science park. At a nearby
Industrial park a building has been rented to accommodate the equipment of the Rapid Manufacturing
Centre. The additional office space in the building will be used by (PhD)students.
External
The manufacturing industry has been under severe financial pressure and the political agenda has
been adapted to that situation in a negative sense. For a while, it seemed that the support for design
and manufacturing research had diminished. As a result, technologically oriented research in the field
has been reduced quite dramatically at the sister universities of Delft and Eindhoven, at least in the
Mechanical Engineering departments. The national research school ‘Integrated Manufacturing’ (IPV) has
suffered substantially because of this. Most of the activities in the field of design and manufacturing have
been transferred to the departments of Industrial Design. Consequently, a National Research School on
Industrial Design will be established.
Analysis
After a period of change in research topics, moving from process planning and shop floor control towards
the very front end of the product creation chain, together with the tremendous efforts to implement
several new educational programmes, the situation of the group has now been stabilised.
The instantiation of the IOP-IPCR programme and the success in the acquisition of a substantial number
of IOP projects has provided the means for fundamental research in Design Engineering. The industry
sponsored research projects which have been acquired can be considered evidence of the relevance of the
group’s research. Large and small companies as well as national and international research institutions
consider their partnership with the Design Engineering group as very valuable. The group’s international
scientific position is very strong. It is quite remarkable that in the field of manufacturing there are no
substantial complementary activities at the sister faculties, but it makes the Design, Production and
Management group of the University of Twente by far the most important on the national level.
New initiatives recently started or under development
The cooperation with Thales under the T-Xchange flag has been further extended in the form of a five
years cooperation contract. Several large customer orders have been acquired and several substantial
subsidised projects have been granted (T-XChange infrastructure, T-Xchange ECOsystem, ISETI).
The IOP-IPCR programme will issue it fourth and last tender in 2010. The Design Engineering group is
preparing proposals, amongst others in the field of Computational Synthesis and Scenario based Design.
The interest in life cycle management of infrastructure is rapidly growing. This is complementary to
the activities in the Sustainable Energy Technology programme. A joint project in the field of product
development with integration of photovoltaic cells was recently acquired and another project, in the
field of development of products around fuel cells, is in preparation under the ADEM umbrella with ECN.
Energy and Sustainability will be one of the spearhead themes of the IMPACT research institute. The joint
Master programme Architectural Building Component Design Engineering (ABCDE) directs its research
activities towards Transformable Green Buildings (see B3.2.6: E. Durmisevic). A new externally funded
part-time chair on Cradle to Cradle design has recently been established.
Maintenance is an important aspect of Product Life Cycle Engineering. The Design Engineering group
has played an important role in the preparation of a research programme on World Class Maintenance,
amongst others by publishing a book on ‘Industrial Maintenance Requirements’. The next step is the
launch of a large national programme on Maintenance (€ 50 M).
Interest at several departments of the Dutch railways in maintenance issues is creating several
opportunities for extension of the research portfolio of the group in the direction of maintenance
engineering. The programme leader has experience in the field of maintenance engineering (joint
publications with several Japanese colleagues and a visiting professorship in that field at the University of
Tokyo). A PhD project on the operational consequences of slippery railroad tracks is currently underway.
Large companies (Asset owners) are getting interested and maintenance consortia are being formed. In
particular the design issues related to maintenance (model-based maintenance) are considered to become
very important. Recently an additional contract with NedTrain has been signed about a PhD project in
the field of Supportability Analysis. Additionally a new externally financed part-time chair Design for
Maintainability will be established soon.
In the area of mechatronics design and systems engineering there will be closer cooperation with other
research groups. Already several joint mechatronics design research projects are carried out together with
the Control Engineering Group of Professor Stefano Stramigioli: Teleflex: Control system and user interface
for laparoscopic operations with flexible tools and a project on an Autonomous Litter Cleaning Robot
(sponsored by the foundation Nederland Schoon and the Hako company). The research area Systems
Engineering will be further strengthened by cooperation with industry (Hako, Mapper, etc.). Another
activity of the Design Engineering Group is the participation in the IOP project Automatic Generation of
Control Software for Mechatronic Systems coordinated by Professor Tomiyama of Delft University.
To strengthen cooperation between the groups that are active in the field of mechatronics and systems
engineering, the LEO centre for service robotics research has recently been established. Within the centre
research is carried out in medical robotics, prosthetics, rehabilitation robotics, inspection and service
robotics for hazardous environments, personal service robotics and humanoids. Facility sharing with
industry provides a truly multidisciplinary research environment where prototypes can be built to prove
the concepts and to demonstrate the outcomes of research to the public.
Also recently the Rapid Manufacturing centre (RMcentre) has been established. Several partners from
industry and education have brought together knowledge and equipment for layered manufacturing.
Techniques like Selective Laser Sintering (3Dsystems), 3D printing (Objet, Zcorp), Fused Deposition
Modelling (Stratasys) and Laser Cusing (Concept laser). This facility sharing centre is used to increase
the awareness of the possibilities and its attractiveness for small series production, both for business to
business as well as for tailored consumer products. The RMcentre also renders services to industry. A joint
research project on printing of ceramics has been granted by IMPACT.
Under the umbrella of the European Manufacturing and Innovation Research Association (EMIRAcle) a
joint FP7 Infrastructures proposal has been prepared. The members will work together in establishing a
network of high level visualisation facilities to support collaboration between scientists. This Visionair
project will utilise holographic tables in combination with haptic devices which are connected over ultra
high bandwidth glass fibre connections. The Design Engineering Group is one of the core members of the
consortium.
In the area of user-product interaction, close cooperation with research groups in behavioural sciences
has been established. Projects, in particular in the cure and care domain are in preparation.
1.11 FULL LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
Academic publications - a. PhD. Theses + external
2003
Layer, A. (2003, September 24). Case-Based cost estimation. A building block for product cost management and designfor-x. University of Twente (141 pag.) (Enschede: University of Twente) (ISBN 90-365-1961-6). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir
F.J.A.M. van Houten & Prof dr ir H.J.J. Kals (ISBN 90-365-1961-6).
Wijnker, T. C. (2003, January 28). Integration of information in manufacturing by viscoelastic bearing supports. University of
Twente (150 pag.) (Enschede: University of Twente) (ISBN 90-365-1867-9). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van Houten &
Prof dr ir H.J.J. Kals (ISBN 90-365-1867-9).
2004
Mentink, R.J. (2004, February 20). Process management in design & engineering applying dynamic process modeling based
on envolving information content. University of Twente (192 pag.) (Enschede: University of Twente) (ISBN 90-365-2003-7).
Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir H.J.J. Kals & Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van Houten (ISBN 90-365-2003-7).
Sailer, B. M. Dipl-Ing. (FH) (2004, November 17). Market-oriented Order Planning in the Automotive Industry. A Building
Block for Support of Efficient Order Processing. University of Twente (133 pag.) (Enschede: University of Twente) (ISBN 90365-2087-8). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van Houten (ISBN 90-365-2087-8).
2005
Zimmerman, J.U. (2005, April 29). Informational integration of product development software in the automotive industry-the
ULEO approach. University of Twente (270 pag.) (Enschede: University of Twente) (ISBN 90-365-2164-5). Prom./coprom.:
Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van Houten (ISBN 90-365-2164-5).
2008
Bonnema, G.M. (2008, April 3). FunKey Architecting, an integrated approach to system architecting using functions, key
drivers and system budgets. University of Twente (136 pag.) (Enschede, The Netherlands: University of Twente) (ISBN 97890-365-2631-9). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van Houten (ISBN 978-90-365-2631-9).
Groll, M. (2008, March 13). Interconnection Based Product and Process Documentation. University of Twente (206 pag.)
(Enschede, The Netherlands: University of Twente) (ISBN 978-90-365-2630-2). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van
Houten (ISBN 978-90-365-2630-2).
Lingbeek, R.A. (2008, April 18). Virtual tool reworking. New strategies in die design using finite element forming simulations.
University of Twente (124 pag.) (Enschede, The Netherlands: University of Twente) (ISBN 978-90-77172-38-4). Prom./
coprom.: Prof dr ir J. Huetink, Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van Houten & Dr ir V.T. Meinders (ISBN 978-90-77172-38-4).
Tideman, M. (2008, March 28). Scenario based product design. University of Twente (180 pag.) (Enschede, The Netherlands:
University of Twente) (ISBN 978-90-365-2615-9). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van Houten & Dr ir M.C. van der Voort
(ISBN 978-90-365-2615-9).
Wits, W.W. (2008, September 4). Integrated cooling concepts for printed circuit boards. University of Twente (139 pag.)
(Enschede: University of Twente) (ISBN 978-90-365-2731-6). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van Houten & Ir T.H.J.
Vaneker (ISBN 978-90-365-2731-6).
2009
Ouwerkerk, G. van (2009, April 16). CAD implementation of design rules for aluminium extrusion dies. University of Twente
(126 pag.) (Enschede, The Netherlands: University of Twente) (ISBN 978-90-365-2814-6). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir F.J.A.M.
van Houten, Prof dr ir J. Huetink & Ir T.H.J. Vaneker (ISBN 978-90-365-2814-6).
Schotborgh, W.O. (2009, April 24). Knowledge engineering for design automation. University of Twente (137 pag.)
(Enschede, The Netherlands: University of Twente) (ISBN 978-90-365-2801-6). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir F.J.A.M. van
Houten (ISBN 978-90-365-2801-6).
Academic publications - b. In refereed journals
2004
Brinke, E. ten, Streppel, A.H., Lutters, D. & Kals, H.J.J. (2004). Cost estimation architecture for integrated cost control based on
information management. International journal of computer integrated manufacturing, (ISSN 0951-192X), 17(6), 534-545.
Kals, H.J.J., Mentink, R.J., Wijnker, T. C. & Lutters, D. (2004). Information management and process integration in
manufacturing. CIRP journal of manufacturing systems, Fertigungssysteme, systèmes de fabrication, (ISSN 1581-5048),
33(1), 1-10.
Lutters, D., Vaneker, T.H.J. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2004). ‘What-if’ design: a synthesis method in the design process. CIRP
annals, (ISSN 0007-8506), 53(1), 113-116.
Schotborgh, W.O., Kokkeler, F.G.M., Tragter, H. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2004). Dimensionless design graphs for flexure
elements and a comparison between three flexure elements. Precision engineering - Journal of the International Societies
for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, (ISSN 0141-6359), 29(1), 41-47.
Takata, S., Kimura, F., Houten, F.J.A.M. van, Westkämper, E., Shpitalni, M., Ceglarek, D. & Lee, J. van der (2004).
Maintenance: Changing Role in Life Cycle Management. CIRP annals, (ISSN 0007-8506), 53(2), 643-655.
Mentink, R.J., Lutters, D., Streppel, A.H. & Kals, H.J.J. (2003). Determining material properties of sheet metal on a press
brake. Journal of materials processing technology, (ISSN 0924-0136), 141, 143-154.
Mentink, R.J., Houten, F.J.A.M. van & Kals, H.J.J. (2003). Process management for engineering environments based on
dynamic process modelling. CIRP annals, (ISSN 0007-8506), 52, 351-354.
Reinders, A.H.M.E., Vringer, K. & Blok, K. (2003). The direct and indirect energy requirement of households in the European
Union. Energy policy, (ISSN 0301-4215), 31, 139-153.
2005
Heragu, S.S., Du, L., Mantel, R.J. & Schuur, P. C. (2005). Mathematical model for warehouse design and product allocation.
International journal of production research, (ISSN 0020-7543), 43(2), 327-338.
Schotborgh, W.O. & Kokkeler, F.G.M. (2005). Dimensionless design graphs for flexure elements and a comparison between
three flexure elements. Precision engineering - Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and
Nanotechnology, (ISSN 0141-6359), 29(1), 41-47.
2006
Bonnema, G.M. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2006). Use of models in conceptual design. Journal of engineering design and
technology, (ISSN 1726-0531), 17(6), 549-562.
Houtsma, J.A. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2006). Virtual reality and a haptic master¿slave set-up in post-stroke upper-limb
rehabilitation. DOI: 10.1243/09544119H06104. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. part H, Journal of
engineering in medicine, (ISSN 0954-4119), 22(6), 715-719.
De Jesus Silva, R. (2006). Integrated design decision support and logistics strategy. CIRP journal of manufacturing systems,
Fertigungssysteme, systèmes de fabrication, (ISSN 1581-5048), 35 (1), 23-30.
Vaneker, T.H.J. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2006). What-if design as a synthesizing working method in product design. CIRP
annals, (ISSN 0007-8506), 55 (2), 131-134.
2007
Mantel, R.J., Schuur, P. C. & Heragu, S.S. (2007). Order oriented slotting; a new assignment strategy for warehouses.
European journal of industrial engineering, (ISSN 1751-5254), 1(3/2007), 301-316.
2008
Anggreeni, I. & Voort, M.C. van der (2008). Tracing the Scenarios in Scenario-Based Product Design: A Study to Understand
Scenario Generation. Design principles and practices: an international journal, (ISSN 1833-1874), 2(4), 123-136.
Brouwer, M. & Voort, M.C. van der (2008). Designing for Dynamic Usability: Development of a Design Method that Supports
Designing Products for Dynamic Use situations. Design principles and practices: an international journal, (ISSN 1833-1874),
2(1), 149-158.
Jauregui Becker, J.M., Aalderink, B.J., Aarts, R.G.K.M., Olde Benneker, J. & Meijer, J. (2008). Design, implementation and
testing of a fuzzy control scheme for laser welding. Journal of laser applications, (ISSN 1042-346x), 20 (3), 146-153.
Jauregui Becker, J.M., Tragter, H. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). Structure and models of artifactual routine design problems
for computational synthesis. CIRP journal of manufacturing science and technology, (ISSN 1755-5817), 1(3), 120-125.
Lingbeek, R.A., Gan, W., Wagoner, R.H., Meinders, V.T. & Weiher, J. (2008). Theoretical verification of the displacement
adjustment. International journal of material forming, (ISSN 1960-6206), 1, 159-186.
Lingbeek, R.A., Meinders, V.T. & Rietman, A. (2008). Tool and blank interaction in the cross-die forming process.
International journal of material forming, (ISSN 1960-6206), 1(suppl. 1), 161-164.
Meinders, V.T., Burchitz, I. A., Bonte, M.H.A. & Lingbeek, R.A. (2008). Numerical Product Design: Springback Prediction,
Compensation and Optimisation. International journal of machine tools and manufacture, (ISSN 0890-6955), 48 (5), 499-514.
Lutters, D. & Klooster, R. ten (2008). Functional requirement specification in the packaging development chain. CIRP annals,
(ISSN 0007-8506), 57(1), 145-148.
Miedema, J., Voort, M.C. van der & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). Advantageous application of synthetic environments in
product design. CIRP journal of manufacturing science and technology, (ISSN 1755-5817), 1(3), 159-164.
Reinders, A.H.M.E., Jong, M. de, Kok, J.B.W. & Westendorp, G. (2008). Optimising a steam-methane reformer for hydrogen
production. International journal of hydrogen energy, (ISSN 0360-3199), 34, 285-292.
Vaneker, T.H.J., Koenis, P.T.G., Ouwerkerk, G. van, Nilsen, K.E. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). Integrated bottom up and top
down approach to optimisation of the extrusion process. CIRP annals, (ISSN 0007-8506), 57(1), 183-186.
Tideman, M., Voort, M.C. van der & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). A New Product Design Method based on Virtual Reality,
Gaming and Scenarios. International journal on interactive design and manufacturing, (ISSN 1955-2513), 2(4), 195-205.
Wits, W.W., Brok, G.J.H.M., Mannak, J. & Legtenberg, R. (2008). Novel cooling strategy for electronic packages: directly
injected cooling. CIRP journal of manufacturing science and technology, (ISSN 1755-5817), 1(3), 142-147.
2009
Anggreeni, I. & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). Bringing Scenario-Based Product Design into Practice: A Framework for Building
and Using Scenarios. Design principles and practices: an international journal, (ISSN 1833-1874), 3(2), 339-354.
Bijl-Brouwer, M. van der & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). Participatory Scenario Generation: Communicating Usability Issues in
Product Design through User Involvement in Scenario Generation. Design principles and practices: an international journal,
(ISSN 1833-1874), 3(1), 269-288.
Entrop, A.G., Brouwers, H.J.H. & Reinders, A.H.M.E. (2009). Evaluation of energy performance indicators and financial
aspects of energy saving techniques in residential real estate. Energy and buildings, (ISSN 0378-7788), in press. [on line].
Available from: [11-10-2009].
Hoolhorst, F.W.B. & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). Criteria for new-generation user-centered design methods. Design principles
and practices: an international journal, (ISSN 1833-1874), 3(1), 145-154.
Jong, M. de, Reinders, A.H.M.E., Kok, J.B.W. & Westendorp, G. (2009). Optimising a steam-methane reformer for hydrogen
production. International journal of hydrogen energy, (ISSN 0360-3199), 34 (1), 285-292.
Miedema, J., Voort, M.C. van der & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2009). Using Synthetic Environments to improve early product
development stages. CIRP journal of manufacturing science and technology, (ISSN 1755-5817), 1(3), 159-164.
Preez du, N.D., Lutters, D. & Nieberding, H. (2009). Tailoring the Development Process According to the Context of the
Project. CIRP journal of manufacturing science and technology, (ISSN 1755-5817), 1(3), 191-198.
Tomiyama, T., Gu, P., Jin, Y., Lutters, D., Kind, Chr. & Kimura, F. (2009). Design Methodologies: Industrial and Educational
Applications. CIRP annals, (ISSN 0007-8506), 58 (2), 543-565.
Voort, M.C. van der & Tideman, M. (2008). Combining Scenarios and Virtual reality into a New Approach to Including Users
in Product Design Processes. International journal of design, (ISSN 1991-3761), 7(4), 393-410.
Wendrich, R. E., Tragter, H., Kokkeler, F.G.M. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2009). Raw shaping form finding: tact tangible CAD.
Computer- aided design and applications, (ISSN 1686-4360).
Wits, W.W., Vaneker, T.H.J., Mannak, J.H. & Legtenberg, R. (2009). Novel cooling strategy for electronic packages: directly
injected cooling. CIRP journal of manufacturing science and technology, (ISSN 1755-5817), 1(3), 142-147.
Academic publications - c. Conference proceedings
2003
Bonnema, G.M. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2003). Conceptual design in high-tech environment, published on CD-rom. In S.
Tichkiewitsch & D. Brissaud, (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2003 CIRP International Design Seminar. Laboratoire 3S.
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Singh, M. Geiger, H.J.J. Kals & B. Shirvani (Eds.), Sheet Metal 2003, Proceedings of the International Conference (pp. 253262). Jordanstowns: University of Ulster (ISBN 1 85923 171 3).
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support and product variety - published on CD-rom. In S. Tichkiewitsch & D. Brissaud (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2003 CIRP
International Design Seminar. Grenoble: Laboratoire 3S.
Lutters, D., Tamminga, S., Streppel, A.H. & Kals, H.J.J. (2003). Material parameters and process control in air bending. In
U.P. Singh, M. Geiger, H.J.J. Kals & B. Shirvani (Eds.), Sheet Metal 2003, Proceedings of the International Conference (pp.
361-370). Jordanstown: University of Ulster (ISBN 1 85923 171 3).
2004
Basson, A.H., Bonnema, G.M. & Liu, Y. (2004). A flexible electro-mechanical design information system. In Horváth, I.;
Xirouchakis, P. (Ed.), Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering (TMCE 2004) (pp. 879-890). Rotterdam, Lausanne:
MIllpress, Rotterdam, Lausanne (ISBN 9059660188).
Eger, A.O., Lutters, D. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2004). Create the future: An environment for excellence in teaching futureoriented industrial design engineering. In Lloyd, P. Roozenburg, N. & McMahon, C. Brodhurst, L. (Eds.), The changing face
of design education (Proceedings of the second International Engineering and product design education conference (IEPDE)
(pp. 43-50). Delft, the Netherlands (ISBN 90-5155-020-0).
Hittorf, G., Vaneker, T.H.J. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2004). What-if design; A preliminary architecture and a survey of the
main constituting elements. In Horváth, I.; Xirouchakis, P. (Ed.), Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering (TMCE 2004),
Lausanne (pp. 453-464). Rotterdam, Lausanne: Millpress, Rotterdam, Lausanne (ISBN 9059660188).
Houten, F.J.A.M. van & Lutters, D. (2004). ‘What-if’ design as an integrative method in product design. In ElMaraghy, W.;
ElMaraghy, H. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International CIRP Design Seminar 2004, CIRP2004Dn. Cairo, Egypt: ElMaraghy,
W.; ElMaraghy, H. (Eds.). Available from: 2004 ElMaraghy, W.; ElMaraghy, H. (Eds.), Cairo, Egypt
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management. In Dimitrov, D. Du Preez, N. & Wijck, W. van (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on
Competitive Manufacturing (COMA’04) (pp. 119-124). Stellenbosch, South Africa (ISBN 0-7972-1018-0).
Lutters-Weustink, I.F., Lutters, D. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2004). Mechatronic features in product modelling, The link between
geometric and functional modelling? In Dimitrov, D.; Du Preez, N. & Wijck, W. van (Eds.), Proceedings of the International
Conference on Competitive Manufacturing (COMA’04) (pp. 125-130). Stellenbosch, South Africa (ISBN 0-7972-1018-0).
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assessment of gearshifting behaviour. In Proceedings of the 14th International CIRP Design Seminar 2004 (CIRP 2004
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field of mechanical design. In Dimitrov, D. Du Preez, N. & Wijck, W. van (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference
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2005
Bonnema, G.M., Lutters-Weustink, I.F. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2005). Introducing systems engineering to industrial
design engineering students with hands-on experience. In H. Selvaraj & V. Muthukumar (Eds.), Proceedings of Eighteenth
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Weingaertner & E. Westkaemper (Eds.), The 38st CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing Systems, May 16-18, 2005,
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Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2005, Barcelona, Spain. Barcelona: European Commission DG Joint Research
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engineering using a gender pattern analysis. In P. Rodgers, L. Brodhurst & D. Hepburn (Eds.), Crossing design Boundaries.
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Edinburgh, U.K. (pp. 145-150). UK: Routledge (ISBN 0-415391180).
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2006
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development. In J.R. Duflou & W. Dewulf (Eds.), Proceedings of the 13th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle
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relation to product design. In J.R. Duflou & W. Dewulf (Eds.), Proceedings LCE2006 (pp. 207-212). Leuven: KU Leuven (ISBN
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future scenarios. In J. Poortmans, H. Ossenbrink, E. Dunlop & P. Helm (Eds.), Proceedings 21st European Photovoltaic Solar
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2007
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specifications and scenarios in requirements specifications. In F.-L. Krause (Ed.), Proceedings of the 17th CIRP Design
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insulation materials and passive solar radiation in the built environment. In J. McCarthy & G. Foliente (Eds.), World
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philosophy, different implementation. In CIRP International Manufacturing Education Conference ‘08. Nantes, France.
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Reinders, A.H.M.E. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). How innovation methods contribute to product design with PEM fuel
cell technology for clean urban mobility. In Proceedings of NHA Annual Hydrogen Conference 2008. Sacramento, USA: The
National Hydrogen Association.
Reinders, A.H.M.E., Jong, M. de, Kok, J.B.W. & Westendorp, G. (2008). Optimising hydrogen production of a steam-methane
reformer by analytical modeling. In Proceedings of NHA Annual Hydrogen Conference 2008. Sacramento, USA: The National
Hydrogen Association.
Reinders, A.H.M.E. & Boer, A. de (2008). Product-integrated PV - Innovative design methods for PV-powered products. In
European Commission & DG Joint Research Center (Eds.), 23rd EU Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (pp.
3321-3324). Valencia, Spain: WIP Renewable Energies (ISBN 3936338248).
Schotborgh, W.O., Kokkeler, F.G.M., Tragter, H., Roring, M.H.L. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). Towards a development
method for computational synthesis systems. In D. Marjanovic, M. Storga, N. Pavkovi & N. Bojcetic (Eds.), 10th International
Design Conference DESIGN 2008 (pp. 665-671). Dubrovnik-Croatia: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval
Architecture, University of Zagreb, (ISBN 9536313901).
Schotborgh, W.O., Kokkeler, F.G.M., Tragter, H., Bomhoff, M. J. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). A Generic Synthesis
Algorithm for Well-Defined Parametric Design. In F.J.A.M. van Houten, J. Miedema & D. Lutters (Eds.), CIRP Design
Conference 2008. Enschede, the Netherlands: University of Twente (ISBN 9789036526340).
Tideman, M., Voort, M.C. van der & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). Development and evaluation of a scenario based method
for product design. In F.J.A.M. van Houten, J. Miedema & D. Lutters (Eds.), CIRP Design Conference 2008. Enschede, the
Tideman, M., Voort, M.C. van der & Arem, B. van (2008). A new scenario based approach for designing driver support
systems applied to the design of a lane change support system. In Proceedings 2008 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium,
Eindhoven, the Netherlands June 4-6 June, 2008 (CD-ROM). Eindhoven, The Netherlands: IEEE (ISBN 9781424425686).
Available from: 2008 IEEE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (ISBN 9781424425686) [06-04-2008].
Tragter, H., Schotborgh, W.O., Roring, M.H.L. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2008). Generic data architecture for parametric
synthesis system. In F.J.A.M. van Houten, J. Miedema & D. Lutters (Eds.), CIRP Design Conference 2008 (pp. 5pp.).
Enschede, Netherlands: University of Twente (ISBN 9789036526340).
Vreede, M. de & Lutters, D. (2008). A case-based comparison of four major creativity techniques for creative idea generating
in product design. In F.J.A.M. van Houten, J. Miedema & D. Lutters (Eds.), CIRP Design Conference 2008. Enschede, the
Netherlands: University of Twente (ISBN 9789036526340). Available from: 2008 University of Twente, Enschede, the
Netherlands (ISBN 9789036526340) [04-07-2008]
Vries, R. W. de, Vaneker, T.H.J. & Souchkov, V. (2008). Development of a framework for using TRIZ in a co-disciplinary
design environment. In T.H.J. Vaneker & D. Lutters (Eds.), TRIZ-Future Conference ‘08 Synthesis of innovation (pp. 49-56).
Enschede: University of Twente (ISBN 9789036527491)
Wang, H., Meijer, F., Miedema, J., Broek, E.L. Van den, Voort, M.C. van der & Vergeest, J.S.M. (2008). Applicability of
Synthetic Environments for Product Design. In X. Fischer & P. Ray (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on
Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering. Paris: Springer.
Wang, H., Vergeest, J.S.M., Miedema, J., Meijer, F., Voort, M.C. van der & Broek, E.L. Van den (2008). Synthetic
Environment as a Communication Tool for Dynamic Prototyping. In R. Rohatynski & P. Poslednik (Eds.), Proceedings of the
6th International Seminar and Workshop Engineering Design in Integrated Product Development (pp. 211-219). Gora, Poland:
University of Zielona Gora (ISBN 9788374811897)
Wits, W.W., Brok, G.J.H.M., Mannak, J. & Legtenberg, R. (2008). Novel cooling strategy for electronic packages: directly
injected cooling. In F.J.A.M. van Houten, J. Miedema & D. Lutters (Eds.), CIRP Design Conference 2008. Enschede, the
Netherlands: University of Twente (ISBN 9789036526340)
Wits, W.W., Legtenberg, R. & Mannak, J. (2008). Selecting capillary structures for heat pipes in multilayer printed circuit
boards. In G.G.M. Stoffels, T.H. van der Meer & A.A. van Steenh (Eds.), Proceedings Eurotherm 2008. Eindhoven: University
of Eindhoven (ISBN 9789038612744)
Wits, W.W. & Kok, J.B.W. (2008). Modelling the transient analysis of flat miniature heat pipes in printed circuit boards using
a control volume approacht. In A.A. van Steenhoven, T.H. van der Meer & G.G.M. Stoffels (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th
European Thermal Sciences Conference (Eurotherm 2008) (CD). Eindhoven: University of Eindhoven (ISBN 978-90-386-12744). Available from: 2008 University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven (ISBN 978-90-386-1274-4) [05-18-2008]
2009
Anggreeni, I. & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). Supporting Scenario-Based Product Design and Its Adapters: An informal
Framework for Scenario Creation and Use. In M.J. Smith & G. Salvendy (Eds.), HCI International (pp. 217-226). San Diego,
USA: Springer (ISBN 978-3-642-02555-6)
Anggreeni, I. & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). Supporting Scenario-Based Product Design: the First Proposal for a Scenario
Generation Support Tool. In R. Roy & E. Shehab (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th CIRP Design conference; Competitive Design
(pp. 475-482). Cranfield, UK: Cranfield University Press (ISBN 9780955743641)
Bijl-Brouwer, M. van der & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). Strategies to design for dynamic usability. In Proceedings of IASDR2009
Design Rigor & Relevance (pp. 245-254). Seoul, Korea: Korea Society of Design Science (ISBN 978-89-963194-0-5)
Borches Juzgado, P.D. & Bonnema, G.M. (2009). Coping with System Evolution: Experience in Reverse Architecting as
Means to Ease te Evolution of Complex Systems. In 19th International Symposium of Systems Engineering. Singapore:
INCOSE. Available from: 2009 INCOSE, Singapore [07-20-2009].
Dam, D. C. ten, Anema, H. F. A., Houten, F.J.A.M. van & Lutters, D. (2009). CNC Worknet: a network of flexible production
plants. In 42nd CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, Sustainable development of Manufacturing Systems. Grenoble,
France: G-Scop (ISBN onbekend). Available from: 2009 G-Scop, Grenoble, France (ISBN onbekend) [06-03-2009].
Damgrave, R. G. J. & Lutters, D. (2009). The Drift of the Xsens Moven Motion Capturing Suit during Common Movements in
a Working Environment. In R. Roy & E. Shehab (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th CIRP Design Conference Competitive Design
(pp. 338-342). Cranfield United Kingdom: Cranfield University Press (ISBN 9780955743641).
Eggink, W., Reinders, A.H.M.E. & Meulen, B.J.R. van der (2009). A practical approach to product design for future worlds
using scenario-development. In A. Clarke, P. Hogarth, B. Ion & C. McMahon (Eds.), The 11th International Conference on
Engineering and Product Design Education. Westbury, Wiltshire, UK: The Design Society and Institution of Engineering
Designers (ISBN 9781904670186). Available from: 2009 The Design Society and Institution of Engineering Designers,
Westbury, Wiltshire, UK (ISBN 9781904670186) [09-10-2009].
Entrop, A.G., Brouwers, H.J.H., Reinders, A.H.M.E. & Muntingh, F. (2009). Experimental research on the use of phase change
materials to come to passive solar energy concepts (cd-rom). In A. van den Dobbelsteen, A. van Timmeren, M. van Dorst & E.
Durmiscevic (Eds.), 3rd CIB international conferences on smart and sustainable built environments, 15-19 june 2009, Delft,
the Netherlands. Delft, the Netherlands: Delft University of Technology (ISBN 978-90-5269-373-6).
Garde, J.A. & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). The Procedure Usability Game: A Participatory Game for the Development of
Complex Medical Procedures & Products. In R. Roy & E. Shehab (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th CIRP Design conference (pp.
483-489). Cranfield, UK: Cranfield University Press (ISBN 9780955743641).
Gooijer, H. de, Reinders, A.H.M.E. & Schreuder, D. A. (2009). Solar power and LED lighting - New opportunities for affordable
indoor lighting for rural families in “Base of the Pyramid” circumstances. In Proceedings of CIE mid term meeting and the
light and lighting conference.
Gorter, T., Reinders, A.H.M.E., Pascarella, F., Merola, A. & Scognamiglio, A. (2009). LED/PV lighting systems for commercial
buildings design of a sustainable LED/PV symbiotic system. In W. Ossenbrink Sinke & P. Helm (Eds.), Proceedings of the 24th
EU Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (pp. 4250-4255). Munchen, Germany: WIP - Renewable Energies
(ISBN 3-936338-25-6). Available from: 2009 WIP - Renewable Energies, Munchen, Germany (ISBN 3-936338-25-6) [09-212009].
Hoolhorst, F.W.B. & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). A concept for a usability focused design method. In Proceedings of the
International Association of Societies of Design Research 2009 - IASDR’09 (pp. 285-294). Seoul, Korea: Coex, Seoul Korea
(ISBN 978-89-963194-0-5). Available from: 2009 Coex, Seoul Korea, Seoul, Korea (ISBN 978-89-963194-0-5) [10-18-2009].
Jauregui Becker, J.M., Tragter, H. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2009). From How Much to How Many: a Method to Develop
Representations for Computational Synthesis. In M. Norell Bergendahl, M. Grimheden, L. Leifer, P. Skogstad & U. Lindemann
(Eds.), ICED09 The 17th International Conference on Engineering Design, Vol 6 (pp. 6-359-6-370). Stanford, USA: The Design
Society (ISBN 9781904670100). Available from: 2009 The Design Society, Stanford, USA (ISBN 9781904670100) [08-24-2009].
Jauregui Becker, J.M., Tragter, H. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2009). Toward a Bottom-up Approach to Automate the Design of
Cooling Systems for Injection Molding. In L.A. Piegl, T. Kurfess, R.J. Arinyo & W. Ma (Eds.), 2009 International CAD Conference
and Exhibition. niet bekend: CAD Solutions LLC. Available from: 2009 CAD Solutions LLC, niet bekend [06-08-2009].
Klooster, R. ten & Lutters, D. (2009). Bridging the Gap between Design and Engineering in Packaging Development. In R.
Roy & E. Shehab (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th CIRP Design Conference Competitive Design (pp. 383-387). Cranfield, UK:
Cranfield University Press (ISBN 9780955743641).
Mackay, D., Wijlen, E.V. ter, Mendibil, K. & Mantel, R.J. (2009). Building dynamic capabilities through operations strategy:
an empirical example. In M. Johansson & P. Jonsson (Eds.), Conference Proceedings 16th International Annual EurOMA
Conference Ïmplementation-realising Operations Management knowledge”.. Goteborg, Sweden: Chalmers University of
Technology.
Olthof, M.M., Jauregui Becker, J.M., Tragter, H. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2009). Knowledge Aquisition of Routine
Design Problems in Industrial Settings. In E. Bolisani (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Knowledge
Management (pp. 597-608). Reading, UK: Academic Publishing International (ISBN 9781906638405). Available from: 2009
Academic Publishing International, Reading, UK (ISBN 9781906638405) [09-04-2009].
Reich, N. H., Sark, W. G.J.H.M., Wit, H. de & Reinders, A.H.M.E. (2009). Using CAD software to simulate complex
irradiation conditions: predicting the charge yield of solar cells incorporated into PV powered consumer products. In T.J.
Walters Anderson & R. Raffaelle (Eds.), Proceedings ot the 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (pp. 1291-1296).
Philadelphia, USA: IEEE and IEEE Electron Device Society (ISBN 978-1-4244-2950-9). Available from: 2009 IEEE and IEEE
Electron Device Society, Philadelphia, USA (ISBN 978-1-4244-2950-9) [12-01-2009].
Reinders, A.H.M.E., Wit, H. de & Boer, A. de (2009). Design of fibre reinforced PV concepts for building integrated
applications. In W. Ossenbrink Sinke & P. Helm (Eds.), Proceedings of the 24th EU Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
and Exhibition (pp. 3940-3944). Hamburg: WIP - Renewable Energies (ISBN 3-936338-25-6). Available from: 2009 WIP Renewable Energies, Hamburg (ISBN 3-936338-25-6) [09-21-2009].
Reinders, A.H.M.E., Boer, A. de, Winter, A. & Haverlag, M. (2009). Designing PV powered LED products - Integration of PV
technology in innovative products. In W. Ossenbrink Sinke & P. Helm (Eds.), Proceedings of 24th EU Photovoltaic Solar Energy
Conference and Exhibition (pp. 3179-3183). Munchen, Germany: WIP - Renewable Energies (ISBN 3-936338-25-6). Available
from: 2009 WIP - Renewable Energies, Munchen, Germany (ISBN 3-936338-25-6) [09-21-2009].
Reinders, A.H.M.E., Boer, A. de, Winter, A. & Haverlag, M. (2009). Designing PV powered LED products - Sensing new
opportunities for advanced technologies. In T.J. Walters Anderson & R. Raffaelle (Eds.), Proceedings of 34th IEEE
Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (pp. 415-420). Philadelphia, USA: IEEE and IEEE Electron Device Society (ISBN 978-14244-2950-9). Available from: 2009 IEEE and IEEE Electron Device Society, Philadelphia, USA (ISBN 978-1-4244-2950-9)
[12-01-2009].
Schotborgh, W.O., Kokkeler, F.G.M., Tragter, H. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2009). Analysis-Oriented Decomposition of Design
Processes. In E. Bolisani (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Knowledge Management (pp. 755764). Reading, UK: Academic Publishin International (ISBN 9781906638405). Available from: 2009 Academic Publishin
International, Reading, UK (ISBN 9781906638405)
Schotborgh, W.O., Kokkeler, F.G.M., Tragter, H. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2009). Why is design automation software not
everywhere? In M. Norell Bergendahl, M. Grimheden, L. Leifer, P. Skogstad & U. Lindemann (Eds.), ICED09 The 17th
International Conference on Engineering Design, Vol. 8 (pp. 8-1-8-10). The Design Society (ISBN 9781904670162). Available
from: 2009 The Design Society, (ISBN 9781904670162) [08-24-2009].
Timmerman, M., Bakker, M. & Reinders, A.H.M.E. (2009). A Plug-and-play liquid thermal panels - Integrated design for
easy manufacturing and installation. In T.J. Walters Anderson & RaffaelleR. (Eds.), Proceedings of 34th IEEE Photovoltaic
Specialists Conference (pp. 838-843). Philadelphia, USA: IEEE and IEEE Electron Device Society (ISBN 978-1-4244-2950-9).
Available from: 2009 IEEE and IEEE Electron Device Society, Philadelphia, USA (ISBN 978-1-4244-2950-9) [12-01-2009].
Tiwari, A. & Reinders, A.H.M.E. (2009). Modeling or irradiance in a CAD environment for the design of PV powered products.
In Proceedings of the 18th Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference.
Wendrich, R. E., Tragter, H., Kokkeler, F.G.M. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2009). Bridging the Design Gap: Towards an intuitive
Design Tool. In Proceedings of the 26th ICSID World Design Congress and Education Congress 2009. Singapore: ICSID.
Available from: 2009 ICSID, Singapore [11-25-2009].
Wits, W.W. (2009). Copper Foam for Capillary Structures in Heat Pipes. In N. Massarotti & P. Nithiarasu (Eds.), First
International Conference on Computational Methods for Thermal Problems (pp. 277-280). Napoli, Italy: niet bekend (ISBN
9788874314591).
Academic publications - d. Monographs and editorial books
2003
Singh, U.P., Geiger, M., Kals, H.J.J. & Shirvani, B. (Eds.). (2003). Sheet Metal 2003. Belfast: University of Ulster at
Jordanstown (ISBN 1 85923 171 3)
2004
Eger, A.O., Bonnema, G.M., Lutters, D. & Voort, M.C. van der (2004). Productontwerpen. Utrecht: Lemma BV (ISBN
9059313100)
2008
Lutters, D. & Miedema, J. (2008). Conference Proceedings CIRP Design Conference 2008. Enschede, the Netherlands:
University of Twente [CD ROM] (ISBN 9789036526340). Available from: 2008 University of Twente, Enschede, the
Netherlands (ISBN 9789036526340)
Lutters, D. (Ed.). (2008). Design of Sustainable Product Life Cycles. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Verlag (ISBN
9783540790815)
Vaneker, T.H.J. & Lutters, D. (Eds.). (2008). TRIZ-Future Conference ‘08 Synthesis of innovation. Enschede, the Netherlands:
University of Twente (ISBN 9789036527491)
Academic publications - e. Book chapters
2004
Bonnema, G.M. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2004). Conceptual design in a high-tech environment. In Tichkiewitch, S.; Brissaud,
D. (Ed.), Methods and Tools for Cooperative and Integrated Design. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers
(ISBN 1-4020-1889-4).
Geelkerken, R.H., Rodel, S. G. J., Kunst, E.E., Kommers, P.A.M., Miedema, H.A. Th. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2004).
Vascular Specialists Training, the Practise and the Future. In L. Bos, S. Laxminargyan & A. Marsh (Eds.), Medical and Care
Compunetics 1 Series: Technology and informatics no 103 (Studies in Health Technology & Informatics, Vol 103, 0926-9630)
(pp. 245-251).
2006
Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2006). What-IF-design as an integrative method in product design. In H.A. ElMaraghy & W.H.
ElMaraghy (Eds.), Advances in Design (pp. 37-48). Berlijn: Springer Verlag (ISBN 1846280044).
Tideman, M., Voort, M.C. van der & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2006). Haptic virtual prototyping for design and assessment of
gear-shifts. In H.A. ElMaraghy & W.H. ElMaraghy, (Eds.), Advances in Design (pp. 461-472). Berlin: Springer Verlag (ISBN
1846280044).
2007
Tideman, M., Voort, M.C. van der & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2007). Using virtual reality for scenario based product design.
Proceedings of Virtual Concept. In X. Fischer & D. Coutellier (Eds.), Research in interactive Design. France: Springer Verlag
(ISBN 2287287728).
2008
Preez, N.D. du, Louw, L. & Lutters, D. (2008). A knowledge network approach supporting the value chain. In A. Bernard &
S. Tichkiewitch (Eds.), Methods and Tools for Effective Life-Cycle-Management (pp. 159-168). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer
Verlag (ISBN 9783540784302).
Uys, W, Uys, E., Lutters, D. & Preez du, N.D. (2008). Improved Utilisation of Organisational Documents using a Conceptual
Framework. In A. Bernard & S. Tichkiewitch (Eds.), Methods and Tools for Effective Life-Cycle-Management (pp. 347-361).
Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Verlag (ISBN 9783540784302).
2009
Anggreeni, I. & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). Supporting Scenario-Based Product Design and Its Adapters: An Informal Framework
for Scenario Creation and Use. In M.J. Smith & G. Salvendy (Eds.), Human Interface and the Management of Information
(Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5617) (pp. 217-226). Heidelberg Germany: Springer (ISBN 978-3-642-02555-6)
Waterschoot, B. M. van & Voort, M.C. van der (2009). Implementing Human Factors within the Design Process of Advanced
Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (Lecture Notes in Computer
Science) (pp. 461-470). Germany: SpringerLink (ISBN 978-3-642-02727-7).
Professional publications (including reports)
2004
De Jesus Silva, R. & Morabito, R. (2004). Optimising the scheduling of furnace loadings in an inox-steel foundry. Gestão e
produção, (ISSN 0104-530X), 11(1), 135-151.
Garde, J.A. (2004). Vormgeving op het witte doek. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 12(3), 14-16.
Stevens, J.H. W., Schippers, D. & Reinders, A.H.M.E. (2004). Corporate design: zonder onderscheid geen identiteit. Product,
(ISSN 0929-7081), 12(1), 22-25.
Tideman, M. (2004). Afstelbare versnellingsbak. Ingenieur, (ISSN 0020-1146), 116 (3), 34-35.
Winden, E.E. van (2004). De waarde van symboliek en vormgeving in Ghana. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 12(1), 38-40
2005
Tideman, M. & Klerkx, R.T. (2005). Gevoel wordt tastbaar. Machinebouw, (ISSN 1572-4980), 23, 36-38
Tideman, M. & Klerkx, R.T. (2005). Product assembleren dat niet bestaat. Metaal en techniek, (ISSN 0026-0479), 50, 14-15
2006
9059314786)
Klooster, R. ten (2006). Het ontwerpen van verpakkingen, het ondergeschoven kindje. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 14 (6), 12-14
Mantel, R.J. (2006). meer actie in orderpicken. EVO logistiek, (ISSN 1570-1360), 5, 25.
Mantel, R.J. (2006). Zoektocht naar de inrichting. Logistiek actueel, (ISSN 0929-1008), 1(8), 3-4.
Tideman, M., Klerkx, R.T., Vis, R., Pardijs, M. R., Hartman, M. A. & Huizenga, B. (2006). Gaming als ontwerpgereedschap scenario gebaseerd product ontwerpen in spelvorm. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 14, 16-18.
2007
Kals, H.J.J., Buiting-Csikos, Cs., Luttervelt, C.A. van, Moulijn, K., Ponsen, J.M. & Streppel, A.H. (2007). Het productiebedrijf.
In H.J.J. Kals & C.S. Buiting-Csikos (Eds.), Industriele productie (pp. 375-395). Den Haag: SDU Uitgevers (ISBN
9789039525296).
Kals, H.J.J., Buiting-Csikos, Cs., Luttervelt, C.A. van, Moulijn, K., Ponsen, J.M. & Streppel, A.H. (Eds.). (2007). Industriele
Productie. Den Haag: SDU UItgevers, (ISBN 9789039525296).
Klooster, R. ten (2007). Verpakking buitenstebinnen (2007, June 14). Enschede: Universiteit Twente.
Lutters, D. (2007). Product- en productieontwikkeling. In H.J.J. Kals & C.S. Buiting-Csikos (Eds.), Industriele productie (pp.
427-448). Den Haag: SDU uitgevers (ISBN 9789039525296).
Streppel, A.H. (2007). Scheiden. In H.J.J. Kals & C.S. Buiting-Csikos (Eds.), Industriele Productie (pp. 129-145). Den Haag:
SDU Uitgevers (ISBN 9789039525296).
2008
Borches Juzgado, P.D. (2008). Rationale RS: Independent Coil Releases. Eindhoven: Philips Healthcare.
Borches Juzgado, P.D. (2008). RS: Independent Coil Releases. Eindhoven: Philips Healthcare.
Eger, A.O., Bonnema, G.M., Lutters, D. & Voort, M.C. van der (2008). Productontwerpen. Den Haag: Lemma (ISBN
9789059312494).
Klooster, R. ten (Ed.). (2008). Zakboek Verpakkingen. Doetinchem: Reed Business.
Klooster, R. ten (2008). Belang en aard van verpakkingsbeleid. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 133-143). Doetinchem: Reed
Business (ISBN 9789062286058).
Klooster, R. ten (2008). Enkele trends in de verpakkingsinnovatie. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 59-66). Doetinchem: Reed
Klooster, R. ten, Lox, F. & Wijnsma, E. H. (2008). Flexibele kunststof verpakkingen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 363-377).
Doetinchem: Reed Business (ISBN 9789062286058).
Klooster, R. ten & Lox, F. (2008). Glas. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 290-322). Doetinchem: Reed Business (ISBN
9789062286058).
Klooster, R. ten, Schaik, J. van & Bezemer, L. (2008). Hechten, verbinden, lijmen en conditioneren. In Zakboek Verpakkingen
(pp. 448-462). Doetinchem: Reed Business (ISBN 9789062286058).
Klooster, R. ten, Lox, F. & Wijnsma, E. H. (2008). Kunststoffen algemeen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 323-362).
Klooster, R. ten, Goor, A. R. van & Dirken, J.M. (2008). Logistiek: ontwerpen, plannen en sturen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen
Klooster, R. ten, Lox, F. & Schilperoord, A.A. (2008). Natuurwetenschappelijke grondbegrippen en toetsingsmethoden. In
Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 102-123). Doetinchem: Reed Business (ISBN 9789062286058).
Klooster, R. ten (2008). Ontwerpmethoden voor verpakkingen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 713-741). Doetinchem: Reed
Klooster, R. ten (2008). Opdelen van de verpakkingswereld in sectoren en goederen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 71-86).
Klooster, R. ten (2008). Opzetten van een verpakkingslijn. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 467-474). Doetinchem: Reed
Klooster, R. ten, Dirken, J.M. & Lox, F. (2008). Overzicht van verpakkingsvormen en optimalisatie. In Zakboek Verpakkingen
Klooster, R. ten & Dirken, J.M. (2008). Pictogrammen en iconen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 778-789). Doetinchem: Reed
Klooster, R. ten, Lox, F. & Wijnsma, E. H. (2008). Rigide en semi-rigide kunststof verpakkingen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp.
377-392). Doetinchem: Reed Business (ISBN 9789062286058).
Klooster, R. ten, Dirken, J.M. & Lox, F. (2008). Statistische data over de verpakkingseconomie. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp.
Klooster, R. ten, Lox, F. & Colenbrander, W. H. (2008). Textiel, keramiek en kurk. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 438-447).
Klooster, R. ten & Lox, F. (2008). Verpakken en mechanisch bufferen van duurzame goederen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp.
Klooster, R. ten & Stadt, K.E. C. (2008). Vouwkartonnen verpakkingen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 480-485). Doetinchem:
Reed Business (ISBN 9789062286058).
Klooster, R. ten & Schilperoord, A.A. (2008). Wetgeving en normering. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 144-167). Doetinchem:
Reed Business (ISBN 9789062286058).
Klooster, R. ten & Dirken, J.M. (2008). Winkelverblijf, handling en verkoopbevordering. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 637650). Doetinchem: Reed Business (ISBN 9789062286058).
Klooster, R. ten (2008). Zakboek Verpakkingen. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 475-480). Doetinchem: Reed Business (ISBN
9789062286058).
Lutters, D. (Ed.). (2008). Productontwerpen. Utrecht: Lemma (ISBN 9789059312494).
Lutters, D. (2008). Prominenten aan het woord: Eric Lutters. Pakblad, (ISSN 1389-7381).
Klooster, R. ten (2008). Aluminium. In Zakboek Verpakkingen (pp. 282-289). Doetinchem: Reed Business (ISBN
9789062286058).
2009
Hoolhorst, F.W.B. (2009). Ergonomie: gevaarlijke situatie door onduidelijke informatieborden. Tijdschrift voor ergonomie,
(ISSN 0921-4348), 34 (6), 42-43
Patents
2003
Leerintveld, P.A.L. & Mantel, R.J. (01-28-2003). Automated warehouse system. no 1018629.
2006
Wits, W.W., Legtenberg, R., Mannak, J. & Zalk, B. van (02-22-2006). An apparatus of planar heat pipe embedded in circuit
board for cooling of heat-dissipating components. no 1031206.
B2 RESEARCH PROGRAMME: EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
VR lab
B2 RESEARCH PROGRAMME: EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
Programme leader: Prof dr ir Arthur O. Eger
Introduction
The chair Product Design was established in 2003 two years after the start of the Bachelor programme
in Industrial Design Engineering (IDE). This programme originated from existing courses at the University
of Twente in the fields of mechanical engineering and human sciences. Product design was regarded as
a complementary discipline for realising a complete Bachelor and Master programme in the field of IDE.
A few years later, the chair Product Realisation was added to the Faculty. This chair is aimed at improving
the connection between technology development and industrial design and engineering. From the
beginning, the chair of Product Design opted for a specific approach to research in which the dynamics of
the role of products play in society or on the market are the starting point. These dynamics are regarded
as an evolutionary process, which resulted in the name of the research programme: Evolutionary Product
Development. Within this theme, not only research is carried out with respect to the evolution of product
development in general, but also other research with a historical dimension and related to the dynamics of
society.
Until the late 1980s, product development was generally considered a linear proces. Successful new
(versions of) products were considered to be the next logical step in the continuous improvement of the
B2 · EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 95 UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
product with regard to the price and performance. The basic thought behind this idea was based on the
– in practice non-existing – principle of perfect competition, a term derived from neoclassical economic
theory. According to this theory, a product can only survive in a market if it has an improved performance/
price ratio, relative to its predecessors.
In the last quarter of the previous century, this principle received a great deal of critique: Development
processes (e.g. product development) seemed to be much less predictable and unambiguous than the
linear progress model suggested. In different fields of interest where innovation processes are studied,
such as economics and technology studies, research was initiated to find new explanatory models that
are concerned with the complicated way that innovation progresses. It is striking that this research, which
has very different points of view due to the many research backgrounds, ended with the same type of
explanations: Evolutionary models. Also in the field of product development, several authors – such as
Steadman, Petroski and Norman – suggested an evolutionary process, but the practical consequences of
this point of view remained unnoticed for many years. The linear model remained the general accepted
theory in studies of product development and innovation management, as can be seen for instance in the
approach followed in almost all introductory texts on design methodology. Despite of this, those practical
implications are far-reaching: A number of economic phenomena, such as partial path dependency,
embeddedness and technological lock-in, cannot be explained by the linear model and are therefore
traditionally considered anomalies. However, they can be explained when an evolutionary product
development model is used as a framework. This forms an important reason to further investigate the
possibilities of an evolutionary vision on product development and innovation.
A first step was made in the study by Eger, who started from the well known six phases of the economic
product life cycle (development, pioneering, penetration, growth, maturity, saturation), and combined
these phases with a qualitative model of six product phases (performance, optimisation, itemisation,
segmentation, individualisation and awareness). The most important conclusion of this study is that the
type of the dominant product development is also influenced by the place the product occupies in its
life cycle. The main practical implication is that one needs to consider this relationship when deciding
on specific product development activities explicitly, while the chance of success during the product
development process can be enhanced when the life cycle is considered.
The educational activities of the chair of Product Design are concentrated around the track Design
& Styling. In industrial design engineering, a designer has to play several roles. Sometimes the most
important part of industrial design is the application of a new technique. Other times, the development
of a better user interface is more important. Most times, design combines and integrates many of these
aspects. However, styling always plays an important role. In the Master track Design & Styling, attention
is given to all aspects of product development, but the main points are evolutionary product development,
styling and the design of emotional benefits.
Four courses form the continuous thread through the Master track Design & Styling. In the first course,
Past Futures, the history of style is the main theme. Design styles are placed in the context of the society
of their times. The manifestos, pamphlets and other texts that propagate a certain style always have a
utopian character. Nearly always, there is an idealistic vision about how society should be changed and
the role the designer ought to play in that. In the second course, Evolutionary Product Development, the history of a chosen existing product is
studied. An example of the product has to be bought and will be dismantled during a practical. The
product is analysed with special attention to the used production methods (forming, separating and
joining processes), materials and surface treatments (coatings). In the second part of this course, a
redesign has to be made for the product. This design has to be a small next logical step based on the
history of the product.
The importance of emotional benefits has substantially increased over the past decades. Therefore, in the
third course in this series, Design & Emotion, special attention is paid to this subject. 96 B2 · EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
In the fourth and final course of this series, Create the Future, an effort has to be made to develop a
product for the longer term, e.g. ten years or more. To realise this, several future scenarios have to be
written first.
Mission
The chair of Product Design aims to develop qualitative and – if possible – quantitative methods for the
analysis of the history of products and for the development of new products. The product phase model
that Eger has designed (see Introduction) plays a key role and serves as a guideline in the research plan
for the chair of Product Design. Research areas are Evolutionary Product Development, Gender and
Design and Co-Creation. The research of the History of Product Design is concentrated on two aspects:
The product and the organisation. In this research, the notion of a product is a broad one; it can also be a
service. Finally, in close cooperation with the chairs of Design Engineering, Packaging Design, and Product
Realisation, the sub-programmes ‘Use anticipation in Product Design’ and ‘Sustainable Energy Design’ are
offered.
The programmes are embedded in two institutes: The Institute of Behavioural Research (IBR) and the
Institute of Mechanics, Processes and Control, Twente (IMPACT).
Please note that this chapter differs in some places from the SEP protocol. This was done because
the chair of Product Design was established in 2003 and the research started a few years later. As a
consequence there is not much “past performance”, which is an important part of the SEP protocol.
2.1 LEADERSHIP
2.1.1 ORGANISATION
The chair of Product Design, headed by Professor Eger, is a young chair in the Faculty of Engineering
Technology. The chair also hosts the part-time chair of Design History of Professor Drukker. Besides the
two professors, the staff consists of fourteen members, of whom three are full-time in education, six
divide their time (50/50) between research and education, and the remaining five are either internal or
external PhD students. The number of graduating MSc students is currently around twenty per year.
2.1.2 MOTIVATION
The educational and scientific staffs have combined weekly meetings to exchange information and
discuss upcoming events. The entire staff of the chairs Product Design and Design History meets every
four weeks. In these meetings, both educational and research subjects are discussed.
2.1.3 COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL
Every four weeks, the researchers and the professors meet in a Research Forum (Promotiekring). In
this meeting, the progress of the research is discussed, new conference papers and journal papers are
presented and discussed, and possible new projects are presented.
As time is sometimes too short in the Research Forum, there are also individual meetings on a regular
base between PhD students and their supervisors.
To monitor and improve the research of the chair of Product Design, a Research Advisory Committee has
been formed. The Research Advisory Committee meets once a year with the research group. In between,
members are individually consulted by researchers. The composition of the Research Advisory Committee
for the research plan of the chair Product Design is as follows:
- Dr J.M. Dirken EUR Ing., professor emeritus in Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of
Technology;
- Ir drs Jeroen Verbrugge, managing director and co-founder at Flex/the INNOVATIONLAB, Delft;
- Hollis Kurman, MSc, independent innovation consultant; former managing director and founder at
Auberon Consultants, Amsterdam.
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
The chair of Product Design was established in 2003. Its staff consists of mainly young people with a
broad experience in industry and at design bureaus. In the first years, the focus of the staff was mainly on
developing courses in design education as a Bachelor and Master programme had to be developed first.
Only during the last few years, more time has become available for research activities.
The chair of Product Design focuses on the following research themes:
- Evolutionary Product Development;
- History / Design History.
Further research themes of members of the chair of Product Design are carried out in cooperation with
other research programs, including:
- Use anticipation in Product Design (Van den Beukel);
- Sustainable Energy Design (Meulenbelt).
Note: This research programme clearly attempts to link theory to practice. The central research themes,
as described above, are initially purely scientific, but almost everywhere, there is a clear link to design
practice (key phrases: Innovation tool for SMEs; learning organisation; co-creation).
2.2.2 SUB-PROGRAMME: EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Sub-programme leader: Prof dr ir A.O. Eger
ffEvolutionary Product Development
The model developed by Eger in its current form is suitable for further improvement, through finding a
better foundation in the recent literature about evolutionary technological development and by further
empirical testing through historical case studies (working title: Evolutionary Product Development).
Another aspect of the research on evolutionary product development is the possibility to apply the theory
in other disciplines. Themes like the history of the University of Twente and of NEMO (see section B2.2.3)
offer an opportunity to do so.
Researchers: Eger and Drukker, ongoing.
ffAn Innovation Tool for the SME
The small and medium enterprises (SMEs, MKB in Dutch) in the Netherlands form a large group of
businesses with an enormous innovation potential. In spite of this, just a small group of the SMEs is truly
innovative. Innovations from SMEs seem to be limited by the gap between the generation of knowledge
98 B2 · EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
and the implementation of this knowledge by the businesses: the so-called innovation paradox. After a
while, not innovating will lead to a company’s demise. With the help of evolutionary product development,
it is possible to make overall predictions for the development of a product after its market introduction.
The model of evolutionary product development (product phases) can be translated into a tool to help a
designer or a company in creating the next generation of a product. Researcher: Vermeulen. Started: 2008. Expected end date: 2012.
ffDesign by men and women - Gender differentials in the way products are designed and styled
This research can be brought under the scope of the product phase model by considering ‘design by men
and women’ a form of segmentation, individualisation and awareness. Designers have a large influence on
product designs and 2D design research has shown that a ‘mirroring principle’ or an ‘own-sex preference’
exists, in that women prefer designs made by women and men those by men. The approach of this
research is to analyse the influence of the female designer versus the male designer on consumer product
designs that are three-dimensional and analysing differences in the products designed by men and
women to show the gender differentials in the way products are designed and styled.
Researcher: Stilma. Started: 2005. Expected end date: 2011.
ffDesign for women - How to design products with more
attractiveness to female consumers, based on the gender
differences
This research can be brought under the scope of the
product phase model by considering ‘design for women’ a
form of segmentation. The central question of the research
is: How can we apply the differences between men and
women in a new product design? Design guidelines will be
developed based on research into the biological and social
inner differences between men and women, focused on the
differences in experiencing, interacting and buying consumer products. The design guidelines will be
tested and evaluated by applying them in different case studies. The goal of this research is to offer a new
design approach to design products with more attractiveness to female consumers.
Researcher: Raven. Started: 2008. Expected end date: 2014.
Co-Creation
ffDo-It-Yourself and Co-creation: representatives of a democratising tendency
Co-creation can very well be regarded as a new type of DIY, adapted to modern times: (1) In both cases,
the user takes part in the (product) development process, formally done by a professional, (2) people’s
reasons to do things themselves or to co-create are alike (e.g. joy, a sense of democratisation and control:
‘being your own boss’), and (3) both phenomena have always been preceded by the availability of the
right tools, toolkits, and mediation, (technologically) allowing us to do the trick ourselves: Consumer power
tools and kits in the 1950s, and today’s internet and web applications. Literature research seems to validate the assumption that people would rather design their own products,
if only there is a possibility to do so. What are the implications of these DIY developments, which product
categories do they concern and how should today’s suppliers and designers respond to the changes in the
traditional structures of product design and development? Researcher: Hoftijzer. Started: 2007. Expected end date: 2012.
2.2.3 SUB-PROGRAMME: HISTORY / DESIGN HISTORY
Sub-programme leader: Prof dr J.W. Drukker
Design is an important aspect of, and embedded in, material culture. Therefore, it is important to pay
attention to the role of culture in design, which is best understood in a historical perspective. It is
interesting that explanation in cultural history is nowadays strongly influenced by evolutionary models.
So design history, as one of the pillars of the Product Design group, acts as a ‘servant of two masters’. On
the one hand, it tries to provide a cultural basis to the research, carried out by Eger, aimed at the further
elaboration, testing and refinement of his model of evolutionary product development. On the other hand,
a small number of independent PhD projects in design history and institutional history are carried out:
Unruly Product Design, History of the University of Twente, and History of the Science Centre NEMO.
Finally, Drukker has started a research project during the last quarter of 2009, aimed at a reformulation of
basic principles of design history in an evolutionary perspective. Publications, stemming from this project,
will be published in a series of articles in international journals, and will finally be summarised in a book,
planned for publication in 2011.
ffUnruly Product Design
The focus of product design is shifting from primarily offering
functionality towards experience and emotion-driven product
characteristics. According to the theory of product phases,
products will end in a phase characterised by individualisation
or awareness in which the affective, emotional and abstract
product values become more and more important. Different
authors have different ideas about how to implement this
emotion and affection in product design. Some of them even
argue that affectivity is not influenced by the design at all, but only through the meaning that the user
attaches to the product.
When we can no longer infer the design of the product from its (technical) function, the contemporary
designer has to look for other practices for the materialisation of his or her ideas. In view of the earlier
successes of movements like Memphis and more recently, the Droog Design, an unruly or non-rational
approach to product design might play an important role here. Hume stated: ‘No reasoning can ever give
us a new, original simple idea‘. A history of unruly product design will be documented. Placed in a historic
cultural context, this will lead to a history of unruly design ideas that will be the basis for identifying
common unruly design practices, thus providing strategies for implementing emotion and affection into
product concepts. In the future, the set of unruly design practices will be analysed for its use possibilities
within other common design theories, especially the Evolutionary Design theory of Eger. In addition, the
derived theory will be used for further exploration of the human-product relationships in cooperation with
the groups of Peter Paul Verbeek and Mascha van der Voort.
Researcher: Eggink. Started: 2007. Expected end date: 2011.
ffHistory of the University of Twente
In 2011, the University of Twente (UT) will celebrate its fiftieth foundation day.
This calls for reflection on the history of this university. Traditionally, the history of
universities has been studied from an institutionalism perspective and later also
from a social-historical perspective. Although both approaches have their merits,
they also tend to overlook certain aspects of the history of universities. However,
an approach emanating from the history of ideas may shed an interesting light
on the history of the UT. Considering the (establishment of the) UT as a specific answer to a specific
situation will help elucidate this institution’s unique nature. For what purpose was the UT established?
What was the idea behind the experiment with the residential system and the deviating curriculum? How
did the UT fare during the social upheaval of the 1960s and the 1970? How did the UT respond to the
severe austerity policy of the government during the 1980s? And what where the consequences of the
internationalisation of higher education? The research will produce detailed documentation of the history
of the UT. Although the main structure of the document will be chronological, several aspects will receive
attention. Education, research, the campus and its architecture, the administration and the management
of the university are recurrent themes. Researcher: De Boer. Started: 2007. Expected end date: 2011.
ffHistory of the Science Centre NEMO
Science centre NEMO started as Museum van den Arbeid in 1923 and continued as NINT in 1954
and as newMetropolis in 1997. During these 90 years, it has evolved to become the largest science
centre in the Netherlands. This evolutionary development is moving parallel to the increasing effects of
technological change (industrialisation, mechanisation, electricity, and ever increasing computerisation)
on Dutch society. One can read this history as an example of the way society thinks about technology, the
promotion and education of science and technology and the role that museum visitors play. NINT outlived
the Evoluon in Eindhoven and reopened in 1997 in a new building and with a new name: newMetropolis,
National Centre for Science and Technology. NewMetropolis wanted to be a fourth-generation science
centre with technological culture as starting point, without a collection, and aiming beyond mere
attention for contemporary science and technology. The project NEMO 90 will write the history of NEMO
from 1923 to 2013 by means of PhD research. Judith Gussenhoven has started with this research in 2008
and intends to finish it in 2013. The project is structured around the following viewpoints:
a)Museum as product: importance of the analysis of the use of technology and the interaction with users
and creator(s);
b)Co-creation and co-evolution: The phenomenon that brings customers and producers together as coworkers during product development;
c)Museum as communication instrument: Research of the effect of exhibitions on visitors and analysis of
the effectiveness of the exposition ’instrument’.
Researcher: Gussenhoven. Started: 2008. Expected end date: 2013.
ffThe experience of touring in its material and spatial aspects in the 19th century
Did the experience of the material and spatial aspects of touring change throughout the nineteenth
century? In this question, three issues come together in a novel way. First, there is subjective, real-time,
on-the-spot experience: The stream-of-consciousness, so to speak, of each human being. Long ignored,
its primacy as a historical concern is now beginning to be recognised. Secondly, next to human relations,
health, mentality and identity, the lived experience of materiality, although crucial, remains underresearched. Until today, students of material culture have been more occupied with the symbolism of
things than with their physicality, more with communication, identity, social structure and ideology than
with the direct experience of objects themselves. Those that have been interested in physicality often
focussed on changes in human psychic makeup, or mentality, brought about by technical innovation,
rather than changes in how objects directly impressed humans. Thirdly, travel and tourism are becoming
fashionable academic topics and yet again, the literature emphasises intercultural contact, identity
formation and the tourist’s preoccupation with authenticity, while how tourists deal with issues like
speed, comfort, fatigue and mobility receive little interest.
If we take experience - pay attention to physicality, material culture - but focus on its direct impact on
the human user and observer, and tourism - yet with an interest in the act of the moving about itself – a
whole new research spectre opens up, propelled by our conception of the nineteenth century as one of
rapid technical change.
Researcher: Geurts (joint project with Faculty of History, University of Oxford). Started: 2009. Expected
end date: 2013.
2.2.4 CONNECTION TO THE EDUCATION PROGRAMME
The research programme has a clear connection to education: The evolutionary approach naturally
emphasises the importance of the historical component in product design processes (partial path
dependency is sometimes clearly described using the phrase ‘history matters’). Within the Master
curriculum, the significance of evolutionary product development and history as leading elements
in product development processes are emphasised in the following courses: Evolutionary Product
Development, Past Futures, Design & Emotion, and Create the Future.
COLLABORATION
2.3.1 RESEARCH ATMOSPHERE
The research programme is carried out in an open-minded and critical atmosphere in which collaboration
is explicitly encouraged, both among team members (e.g.: co-authored publications by Eger & Drukker and
Stilma & Raven) and between team members and the outside world.
2.3.2 PROCESSES OF QUALITY CONTROL
Internal exchange and intra-group reviewing of preliminary research results is standard practice in the
group. The quality of the research programme as a whole is discussed during an annual meeting between
the members of the group and the (external) research advisory council.
2.3.3 COMMUNICATION
Members of the group are explicitly encouraged to submit their research results to international
conferences and refereed journals. Conference attendance is encouraged, but strictly on the basis of
active participation, that is, travel and housing expenses for conference attendance are only provided by
the organisation for applicants with a submitted and accepted conference paper. This is standard practice
for all team members. Beginning in 2008, a yearly exchange programme has been set up for students
and staff with the Department of Architecture and Art Design of Jiaotong University (Beijing, China).
Beginning in 2009, a joint PhD project (Geurts) was set up with the Faculty of History of the University
of Oxford. Also starting in 2009, Product Academic Issues, the only Dutch-based international academic
platform in the field of industrial design engineering, was founded at the joint initiative of Poelman and
Eger. Institutionalised collaboration between Product Academic Issues and Zhuangshi Magazine, the
leading Chinese journal on Art and Design, ensures a regular exchange between Western and Chinese
publications in the field of industrial design: Selected and refereed articles, originally published in Chinese
(Zhuangshi), are published in English (Product Academic Issues), and vice versa.
Regular collaboration with a number of private and semi-public companies and organisations has been
established during the past years (for details: See B2.3.5, External collaboration).
2.3.4 SUPERVISION OF JUNIOR RESEARCHERS
Supervision of PhD projects is restricted to chair holders (Eger and Drukker). There is no delegation of
supervision of PhD projects to Associate or Assistant Professors, because we think it is important that
they first concentrate on their own PhD research. Supervisors and junior researchers meet formally on a
monthly basis. At the core of these monthly sessions is always a written document produced by the junior
researcher. In between these sessions, supervisors and junior researchers can (and do) meet each other
as frequently as is considered desirable by one of the parties. The same applies to informal advice from
senior researchers to junior researchers, regardless their formal relation.
2.3.5 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL COLLABORATION
Internal collaboration
See Summary of Research Projects
External collaboration
Educational and governmental organisations
Financing:
- Board of the University of Twente (financing the History of UT project)
- Cartesius Institute, Leeuwarden
- STW, Utrecht
Reviewing:
- N.W. Posthumus Institute for Social and Economic History
- Qatar National Research Fund (Member of Qatar Foundation)
- Zhuangshi, the leading Chinese journal on Art and Design, published by Tsinghua University, Beijing
Cooperation:
- Department of Architecture and Art Design, Beijing Jiaotong University
- Board of the University of Twente (financing the History of UT project)
- Cartesius Institute, Leeuwarden
- Faculty of History, University of Oxford
- Zhuangshi, the leading Chinese journal on Art and Design, published by Tsinghua University, Beijing
Companies
Cooperation:
-- Avions Voisin, Enschede
-- BNC distribution, Groningen
-- Donkervoort, Lelystad
-- Fever Solutions, Leiden
-- Recreatiecentrum it Fliet, Witmarsum
-- FrieslandCampina, Veenendaal
-- Philips DAP, Amsterdam
-- Rabobank Nederland
-- Soundprojects, Almere
-- TukTukfactory, Amsterdam
-- VPinstruments, Delft
As the chair of Product Design was established quite recently, it does not have a long track record yet,
although individual members of the group have a good academic record.
The individual reputations of the group members are clarified below.
Prof dr ir A.O. Eger
Editorial boards:
-- Chief Editor of Product Magazine, Journal of Industrial Design Engineering, a publication of Media
Business Press, Rotterdam (since 2000)
-- Corresponding editor of Zhuangshi, the leading journal on Art and Design in China, published by
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (since 2009)
Reviewing:
-- IEPDE conference ‘The Changing Face of Design Education’, 2004
-- Design History Conference ‘Evolution & Design’, 2006
Other evidence of academic reputation:
-- Member of the jury of the Design for All award (part of the Nederlandse DesignPrijzen) from 2003 until 2006
-- Member of the Board of the Department of Industrial Design Engineering of KIVI NIRIA, the Royal
Institution of Engineers in the Netherlands (since 2004), Chairman of the Board (since 2009)
-- Co-chair at the IEPDE conference ‘The Changing Face of Design Education’, 2004
-- Chair of the jury Professional Products of the Nederlandse DesignPrijzen, 2006
-- Chair of the jury of the ESEF Engineering Award in 2006, 2008 and 2010
-- Member of the main jury of the Nederlandse DesignPrijzen, 2007
-- Guest lecturer at the Beijing Jiaotong University (2008)
-- Key note speaker at the PVT conference ‘ Van Technologie naar Psychologie’ (From Technology to
Psychology) May 2009
-- Chair of the jury of the Shell LiveWIRE Young Business Award 2009
Prof dr J.W. Drukker
Editorial boards:
-- Co-organiser (together with Timo de Rijk) of the International Design History Conference ‘Evolution &
Design’, Delft University of Technology, 2006
-- Fellow of the KNAW-licensed N.W. Posthumus Institute for Social and Economic History
Reviewing:
-- Peer reviewer for the National Qatar Research Fund (Member of Qatar Foundation)
-- Peer reviewer for Product Academic Issues
-- Guest lecturer at Beijing Jiaotong University, China (2008)
-- Guest lecturer at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (2008)
-- Professor Emeritus, Delft University of Technology
-- ‘Best Teacher of the University’ Award, University of Twente (2009)
Ir A.P. van den Beukel
Reviewing:
-- IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2008, Eindhoven
-- Patent, DE 10341471: Innenausstattungsteil für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.
Ir W. Eggink
Reviewing:
-- Reviewer for Design IX conference Berlin - Design Principles and Practices - Common Ground Publishing
Pty. Ltd.
-- Reviewer for Journal of Engineering Design, Taylor and Francis
-- Abstract Reviewer for International Association of Societies of Design Research – IASDR 2009
conference Rigor and relevance in design – October 18-22 – Seoul, South Korea
-- Member of Selection Committee of Dutch Design Awards, Rado Young Designer Award, 18 October
2008, Eindhoven
Ir M.Meulenbelt
Evidence of academic reputation:
-- From 2005 onward, Meulenbelt developed a LED-based efficient and uniform lighting system for
internally illuminated displays, such as poster boxes. Royal Philips Electronics markets the patented
system nationally since 2008 and globally since 2009.
Ir Margot D.C. Stilma
Reviewing:
-- Reviewer for the 5th NVvE conference ‘Ergonomie in Uitvoering 2009’ (Ergonomics in Practice 2009).
-- Reviewer for the KEER10 conference: the International Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion
Research 2010, organised by Arts et Métiers ParisTech and the Japan Society of Kansei Engineering
(JSKE). Reviewing: November 2009
Ir F.G.A. Vermeulen
Editorial board:
-- Executive board of the Dutch Ergonomics Society (since May 2009)
This is the first self evaluation of the chair of Product Design. Hence, there are no previous assessments
for comparison. Other aspects of internal quality control are described in B2.1.4.
This is the first research assessment of the chair of Product Design. To monitor and improve the research
of the chair of Product Design, a Research Advisory Committee has been formed. The Research Advisory
Committee meets once a year with the research group. In between, members are individually consulted
by researchers. See also Part A.
Table 4 Total research staff at programme level (in fte)
Evolutionary Product Development Funding
Sum
2003-08 2009
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.27
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
2.27
0.40
0.16
0.16
0.32
0.16
0.40
Full professors
Prof dr ir A.O. Eger
1
Prof dr J.W. Drukker
1
Ir M.D.C. Stilma
1
0.40
0.40
2.27
Ir A.P. van den Beukel
1
0.40
0.40
0.80
0.40
Ir W. Eggink
1
0.28
0.34
0.62
0.34
Ir J.W. Hoftijzer
1
0.35
0.40
0.75
0.40
Ir R.M. Waanders
3
1.99
2.10
7.03
2.42
0.27
0.40
0.40
0.32
0.54
0.40
0.80
0.80
0.80
Non-tenured staff
Ir F.G.A. Vermeulen
3
PM
A.P.H. Geurts MPhil
3
PM
Ir J. Gussenhoven
3
PM
PhD students
J.J. de Boer MA
1
Ir A. Raven
1
M. Pepping, MSc
3
0.07
0.87
0.14
0.14
0.32
0
0.43
0.80
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.94
1.01
1.55
0.54
0.80
0.80
0.80
2.06
3.04
8.04
3.97
0.80
*/PM = not on UT payroll, T-Xchange staff not included
Funding in K euro
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
468
778
Research funding
0
0
Contracts
0
0
Other
0
0
PM
PM
468
778
2007
2008
100
100
100%
100%
Direct funding
Indirect funding
Total
Funding in %
2003
2004
2005
2006
Direct funding
Research funding
Contracts
Other
Indirect funding
Total
106 B2 · EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 100%
100%
100%
100%
Key Publications
-- Eger, A.O. (2007, May 29). Evolutionaire productontwikkeling. (267 pages) (Den Haag: Lemma) (ISBN
9789059310544)
-- Eggink, W. A chair to look to the moon: What we can learn from irrational design history for
contemporary design practice. Design Principles and Practices: an International Journal, (ISSN: 18331874), 3(1), 103-114
-- Drukker, J.W. & Velzen, Marjolein van (2009), ‘Overseas Trend: 19 世纪与20 世纪末的反技术先锋
设计-艺术与手工艺运动和荷兰后现代主义: Anti-technological avant-garde design in the 19th and
late 20th century: Arts & Crafts and Dutch Post modernism (Part 1 & 2)’, ZHUANGSHI, (August 2009),
pp. 51-59 & (September 2009), pp. 44-53, ISSN 0412-3662
-- Eger, A.O & Drukker, J.W. (2010), ‘Phases of product development: A qualitative complement to the
product life cycle’, Design Issues, 26, 2, pp. xxx-yyy
Academic
publications
Sum
2003-08 2009
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
a. PhD. Theses
+ external
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
b. In refereed
journals
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
8
c. Conference
Proceedings
0
2
2
2
1
2
9
4
d. Monographs and
editorial books
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
4
Total
0
3
2
2
4
3
14
16
5
9
7
4
6
7
37
7
Patents
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
e. Book chapters
A full list of publications can be found at the end of this chapter.
RESEARCH PROGRAMME
Strengths
The research group Product Design has a national reputation of being on the forefront of scientific
developments in the field of Evolutionary Product Development and Design History. The group has
substantial and growing exposure in the fields of Gender & Design and Co-Creation. In cooperation with
the research group Use Anticipation in Product Design and the new Dutch car manufacturer in Enschede
– Avions Voisin – promising research has been started up in the field of automotive design.
Weaknesses
Because of the strong focus on the educational programme in both the Bachelor and the Master of IDE,
research activities could only start after a few years. A consequence of this is that the group has not
been able to put much effort into building an international network and reputation. In 2008, a start was
made with this, via an exchange programme with the Beijing Jiaotong University, and contacts were also
developed with the Tsinghua University, which resulted in cooperation with their Zhuangshi Magazine.
Also in 2009, a joint project with Oxford University was started. In 2009, contacts were made with the
Institute Technology and Education (ITB) of the University of Bremen and the Technical University of
Berlin.
Opportunities
The theory of Evolutionary Product Development can not only be used to give direction to new product
development, it can also steer research activities. The research directions of Co-Creation and Gender &
Design were started based on this model. In the strong competition with low-wage production in the Far
East, these two research directions make it possible to create added value and keep production in the
Netherlands and in Europe. Also, Co-Creation will play an important part in the newly started research
field in Automotive Design, for instance in the design of the AJT-1, the new car of Avions Voisin.
Threats
Funding of research in the fields of the group Product Design has proven to be difficult. It seems that the
projects are not technical enough for STW, and too technical for NWO.
Perspectives and expectations
After a slow start of the research activities, 2009 has shown a strong growth, both in funding (Cartesius
Institute, a first STW Valorisation Grant) as well as in the output of the group. The expectation is that
with the growing reputation of the group, funding will become easier as well. The new strategy of the
University of Twente, as described in Route 14, will also offer possibilities for the group, since merging
between social sciences and the natural and engineering sciences is exactly what IDE is all about.
Academic publications - a. PhD. Theses + external (prepared at UT)
2007
Eger, A.O. (2007, May 29). Evolutionaire productontwikkeling. Delft University (267 pages) (Den Haag: Lemma) (ISBN
9789059310544). Prom./coprom.: J.A. Buijs & Prof dr J. W. Drukker (ISBN 9789059310544)
2010
Eger, A.O & Drukker, J.W. (2010), ‘Phases of product development: A qualitative complement to the product life cycle’,
Design Issues, 26, 2, pp. XXX – YYY
2009
Drukker, J.W. & Velzen, Marjolein van (2009a), Overseas Trend: 19 世纪与20 世纪末的反技术先锋设计-艺术与手工
艺运动和荷兰后现代主义: Anti-technological avant-garde design in the 19th and late 20th century: Arts & Crafts and
Dutch Post modernism (Part 1), Zhuang Shi magazine, (ISSN 0412-3662). 2009(8), 51-59
Drukker, J.W. & Velzen, Marjolein van (2009b), ‘Overseas Trend: 19 世纪与20 世纪末的反技术先锋设计-艺术与手工
艺运动和荷兰后现代主义: Anti-technological avant-garde design in the 19th and late 20th century: Arts & Crafts and
Dutch Post modernism (Part 2), Zhuang Shi magazine, (ISSN 0412-3662). 2009(9), 44-53.
Eger, A.O. (2009), ‘Overseas Trend: 产品的演化发展. Evolutionary product development. Zhuang Shi magazine, (ISSN
0412-3662) 51(2), 56-63
Eggink, W. (2009). A practical approach to teaching abstract product design issues. Journal of engineering design, (ISSN
0954-4828), 20(5), 511-521
Eggink, W. A chair to look to the moon: What we can learn from irrational design history for contemporary design practice.
Design Principles and Practices: an International Journal, (ISSN: 1833-1874), 3(1), 103-114
Hoftijzer, J. W. (2009). DIY and Co-creation: Representatives of a Democratizing Tendency. Design principles and practices:
an international journal, (ISSN 1833-1874), 3(6), 69-82. [on line]. Available from: ijg.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.154/
prod.300 [11-01-2009]
Raven, A. (2009). A new way of designing feminine products: Tough, but sensitive, a perfect balance. Design Principles and
Practices: an international journal, (ISSN 1833-1874), 3(3), pp 355-370
Stilma, M.D.C. & Vos, O. (2009). Gender Based Product Design Research: Is there an Indicating difference in Product Design
made by Male and Female Design Graduates. Design principles and practices: an international journal, (ISSN 1833-1874),
3(1), 425-438
2008
Drukker, J. W. (2008). Knel in het model: commentaar op Frankema & Smits en Touwen. Tijdschrift voor sociale en
economische geschiedenis, (ISSN 1572-1701), 5(2), 151-159
Academic publications - C. Conference proceedings
2009
Beukel, A.P. van den (2009). Evaluation of ADAS with a supported-driver model for desired allocation of tasks between
human and technology performance. In G. Meyer & J. Valldorf (Eds.), Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications;
Smart Systems for Safety, Sustainability and Comfort (pp. 187-208). Berlin, Germany: AMAA (ISBN 9783642007446)
Eggink, W. - A Chair to Look to the Moon: What We Can Learn from Irrational Design History for Contemporary Design
Practice. Presented at Design IX; Design Principles and Practices – 15-17 February 2009 - Berlin
Eggink, W., Reinders, A.H.M.E. & Meulen, B.J.R. van der (2009). A practical approach to product design for future worlds
using scenario-development. In A. Clarke, P. Hogarth, B. Ion & C. McMahon (Eds.), The 11th International Conference on
Engineering and Product Design Education 10-11-September 2009, Brighton, UK. Westbury, Wiltshire, UK: The Design
Society and Institution of Engineering Designers (ISBN 9781904670186). Available from: 2009 The Design Society and
Institution of Engineering Designers, Westbury, Wiltshire, UK [09-10-2009]
Hoftijzer, J.W. (2009). The Collaborative Design Lab (The future designer). In Proceedings MCPC 2009. Helsinki, Finland:
Aalto University (ISBN onbekend). Available from: 2009 Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland [10-04-2009]
2008
Eggink, W. (2008). A practical approach to product design from a philosophical perspective. In A. Clarke, M. Evatt, P.
Hogarth, J. Lloveras & L. Pons (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Engineering and Product Design Education International
Conference (pp. 25-30). Wiltshire UK: Institution of Engineering Designers (ISBN 1904670040)
Stilma, M.D.C. (2008). The influence of the designer’s gender (a study analysing similar products designed by male and
female designers). In D. Marjonovic, N. Pavkovic, N. Bojcetic & M. Storga (Eds.), Design 2008 Conference (pp. 1065-1070).
Dubrovnik, Croatia: The Design Society (ISBN 9789536313914)
2007
Eger, A.O. (2007). Evolutionary product development: how ‘product phases’ can map the status quo and future of a product.
In Proceedings of the Design History Society Conference ‘Design and Evolution’. Delft: Design History Society (ISBN
9789051550320). Available from: 2007 Design History Society, Delft (ISBN 9789051550320)
2006
Reinders, A.H.M.E., Meulen, B.J.R. van der & Eger, A.O. (2006). Development of PV powered consumer products using
future scenarios. In J. Poortmans, H. Ossenbrink, E. Dunlop & P. Helm (Eds.), Proceedings 21st European Photovoltaic Solar
Energy Conference and Exhibition, 4-8 September 2006, Dresden (pp. 3251-3254). Munich: WIP-Renewable Energies (ISBN
3936338205)
Stilma, M.D.C. (2006). Product design for women - How can product appearance match to the diversity of women and
their preferences. In: Karlsson, MA, Desmet, P., and van Erp, J. (Eds.), Proceedings from the 5th Conference on Design and
Emotion 2006’ (paper number 204) (ISBN: 91-975079-5-4)
2005
Eger, A.O. & Boer, A. de (2005). Emerging Technology Design: A new master course at bringing emerging technologies its
break through applications. In P. Rodgers, L. Brodhurst & D. Hepburn (Eds.), Proceedings of the Engineering and Product
Design Education, 15-16 September 2005, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK , Vol 1 part 4 (pp. 121-126). UK: Routledge (ISBN 978-0415-39118-4 ()
Stilma, M.D.C., Oost, E.C.J. van, Reinders, A.H.M.E. & Eger, A.O. (2005). A study into students’ interests in industrial design
engineering using a gender pattern analysis. In P. Rodgers, L. Brodhurst & D. Hepburn (Eds.), Crossing design Boundaries.
Proceedings of the 3rd engineering & product design education international conference, 15-16 September 2005, Edinburgh,
UK (pp. 145-150). UK: Routledge (ISBN 0-415391180)
2004
Eger, A.O., Lutters, D. & Houten, F.J.A.M. van (2004). Create the future: An environment for excellence in teaching futureoriented industrial design engineering. In Lloyd, P. Roozenburg, N. & McMahon, C. Brodhurst, L. (Eds.), The changing face
of design education (Proceedings of the second International Engineering and product design education conference (IEPDE)
(pp. 43-50). Delft, the Netherlands (ISBN 90-5155-020-0)
Stilma, M.D.C., Stevels, A.L.N., Christiaans, H.H.C.M. & Kandachar, P.V. (2004). Visualising Green! - Visualising the
Environmental Appearance of Audio Products. In Potter,.H. Reichl, H.; Griese, H. (Ed.), Driving forces for future Electronics
(Proceedings of the Joint International Congress and Exhibition ELCTRONICS GOES GREEN 2004+ (EGG) (pp. 865-870).
Berlin (Germany): Fraunhofer IRB verlag (ISBN 3-8167-664-2)
2007
Drukker, J.W. & Rijk, T.R.A. de (Eds.) (2007). Design and Evolution, Proceedings of the Design History Society Conference
2006, Faculty of Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, August 31-2 September 2006, Henri Baudet Institute,
Delft (CD: ISBN 978-90-5155-032-0)
2004
9059313100). Eger, A.O., Bonnema, G.M., Lutters, D. & Voort, M.C. van der (2nd Printing 2006, 3rd Printing 2008).
Productontwerpen. Den Haag: Lemma (ISBN 9789059312494/9059314786)
2010
Drukker, J.W. (2010). Macropolis en micropolis: de stad als vormmetafoor voor een Personal Computer, In: C.
Collenteur, Duijvendak, M., Paping, R. & Vries, H. de (Eds.), Stad en platteland: artikelen aangeboden bij het afscheid
van Pim Kooij als hoogleraar Economische en Sociale Geschiedenis aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (Serie: Historia
Agriculturae),Nederlands Agronomisch Historisch Instituut: Groningen/Wageningen (ter perse)
2009
Drukker, J.W. (2009), De demografische component in de economische crisis van de jaren dertig: een correctie op het
bestaande beeld, In: J. van Bavel, & Kok, J. (Eds.), De levenskracht der bevolking’: Sociale en demografische kwesties in de
Lage Landen tijdens het interbellum, Universitaire Pers Leuven: Leuven, Belgium. (ISBN: 978 90 5867 789 1)
Drukker, J.W. & Rijk, T.R.A. de (2009), American influences on Dutch material culture and product design during the
interwar years, in: H. Krabbendam, Minnen, C.A. van & Scott-Smith, G. (Eds.) (2009), Four Centuries of Dutch-American
Relations,1609-2009, (pp. 442-456), Boom and Albany & State University of New York Press: Amsterdam & New York.( ISBN:
978 90 8506 653 8)
Eger, A.O. (2009). Evolutionary product development in working class housing. In L. Lee & P. van Lombaerde (Eds.),
Comparative methodologies: The world into culture. Liber amicorum Richard Foqué (UPA Editions) (pp. 298-317). Antwerp,
Belgium: University Press Antwerp (ISBN 978 905487 630 4)
Raven, A. (2009). Trends in Design for Women. In Fe-Male – new lifestyle consumer. In: Pink: Grotesque, Trendbook Dutch
Design Week Eindhoven 2009 (pp. 110-111). Eindhoven, the Netherlands: Design Platform Eindhoven, Lecturis (ISBN
9789490395018)
2007
Stilma, M.D.C., Stevels, A., Christiaans, H., & Kandachar, P. (2007). Visualising the Environmental Appearance of Audio
Products. In:A. Stevels (Ed.), Adventures in EcoDesign of Electronic Products, 1993-2007 (pp. 288-295). Delft: Taylor&
Francis Group plc. (978-90-5155-039-9)
Professional publications
2009
Eger, A.O. (2009). Designprijzen: de meest bekroonden. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 17(1), 22-23
Eger, A.O. (2009). Leesvoer! Basisvaardigheden voor de productvormgever. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 17(1), 29-29
Eger, A.O. (2009). Productgrafiek. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 17(3), 6-8
Eger, A.O. (2009). Zhuang Shi Magazine en Product. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 17(1), 20-20
Eger, A.O. (2009). Leesvoer! Het Ontwerpproces in de Praktijk. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 17 (5) p., 26
Eger, A.O. (2009). Leesvoer! Integrated Design and Engineering. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 17 (4),p. 21
Drukker, J.W. (2009), Things to come: een economisch-historische visie op de toekomst van het industrieel ontwerpen,
Rede uitgesproken bij het aanvaarden van het ambt van hoogleraar Designgeschiedenis aan de faculteit Construerende
Technische Wetenschappen van de Universiteit Twente op donderdag 3 december 2009, Universiteit Twente: Enschede
2008
Drukker, J. W. (2008). Behuizing voor een Supercomputer: vormgeving van de Corbu !pet Powerplant. Hoogeveen/
Groningen: !pet Automatiseerders
Eger, A.O. (2008). Designprijzen: de meest bekroonden. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 16, 28-29
Eger, A.O. (2008). Productontwikkeling: zelf ontwikkelen of uitbesteden? Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 16, 6-8
Eger, A.O. (2008). Adding value by design. Plastics innovations, (ISSN 1876-8369), 2(1), 24-33
Hoftijzer, J.W. (2008), Co-creation: het nieuwe Doe-Het-Zelf?, Product, (ISSN 0929-7081) 16(5) 12-14
Raven, A. (2008). Ontwerpen voor vrouwen - Het roze tijdperk voorbij. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 16 (6), 8-11
Stilma, M.D.C. (2008). Gender en ontwerpen - verschillen in ontwerpaanpak bij mannen en vrouwen. Product, (ISSN 09297081), 16(6), 14-16
2007
Eger, A.O. (2007). De Nederlandse designprijzen. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 15(6), 18-19
Eger, A.O. (2007). Evolutionaire productontwikkeling (deel 1). Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 15(4), 24-26
Eger, A.O. (2007). Evolutionaire productontwikkeling (deel 2). Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 15(5), 20-22
Eger, A.O. (2007). Wordt het nog wat met mass customisation en co-creation? Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 15(3), 12-13
Raven, A. (2007). Marketingkans: vrouwen zijn anders dan mannen. Tijdschrift voor Marketing, (ISSN: 0165-1439), 12 (41),
35-36
2006
Eger, A.O. (2006). De Nederlandse Designprijzen. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 14(6), 7-8
Eger, A.O. (2006). Designprijzen; de meest bekroonden. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 14(1), 13-14
Eger, A.O. (2006). Keuzegids Hoger Onderwijs 2005/2006. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 14(2), 34-35
Eger, A.O. (2006). Leesvoer. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 14(2), 34-35
2005
Eger, A.O. (2005). Ben van Berkel: architectuur en industrieel ontwerpen. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 13(2), 28-31
Eger, A.O. (2005). De Gulden Snede en het Kindchenschema. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 13(1), 23-25.
Eger, A.O. (2005). Frans van der Put. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 13(3), 9-13
Eger, A.O. (2005). International Design Yearbook 2005. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 13(5), 39-40
Eger, A.O. (2005). Jan Lucassen. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 13(6), 12-14
Eger, A.O. (2005). Keuzegids Hoger Onderwijs. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 13(1), 12-13
Eger, A.O. (2005). Morf: een klein, onooglijk monster. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 13(2), 13
2004
Eger, A.O. (2004). 35 jaar. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 12(4), 11-11
Eger, A.O. (2004). Boeken: Vision & Precision en Bright Minds, Beautiful Ideas. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 12(2), 40-41
Eger, A.O. (2004). Designprijzen: De meest bekroonden. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 12(6), 14-15
Eger, A.O. (2004). Het laatste woord is aan Jan Jacobs. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 12(3), 36-39
Eger, A.O. (2004). Stopping Power - Nieuwe uitgaven van boeken Dutch design. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 12(6), 30-33
Eger, A.O. (2004). Wim over Wim en Wim. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 12(1), 34-37
Eger, A.O. (2004). Create the future. Inaugurale rede (2004, September 30). Enschede: Universiteit Twente
Eger, A.O. (2004). Van het eerste uur. Grondleggers van de faculteit Industrieel Ontwerpen. Delft, The Netherlands: TU Delft,
75 pp.
2003
Eger, A.O. (2003). Aat Marinissen. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 11(2), 24-27
Eger, A.O. (2003). Gerard van Eyk. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 11(3), 34-38
Eger, A.O. (2003). Johannes Eekels. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 11(1), 21-23
Eger, A.O. (2003). Product publieksprijs. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 11(4), 6-7
B3 RESEARCH PROGRAMME: PRODUCT REALISATION
caption
B3 RESEARCH PROGRAMME: PRODUCT REALISATION
Programme leader: Prof dr ir Wim A. Poelman
The chair Product Realisation was founded in December 2008 with the appointment of Dr Wim A.
Poelman as the first professor and is still in its start-up period.
The chair is positioned between the so-called soft and hard aspects of industrial design engineering
(IDE). Design and styling as well as ergonomics and design history are regarded as soft aspects, while e.g.
construction, material sciences and mechatronics are regarded as hard aspects.
In the context of industrial design engineering, a distinction is made between three types of technology,
namely product technology (aimed at the functioning of products), manufacturing technology (aimed at
the parts production and assembly) and design technology (aimed at the methods and tools for design).
Manufacturing Technology and Design Technology are well covered by existing chairs. That is why the
chair for Product Realisation will mainly focus on product technology.
At this moment, the scope of the research has to be kept wide, as the research has to be funded mainly by
tertiary sources (the so-called third money stream). However, the research projects will have to fit within
three main research areas: Technology diffusion, mobility, sociality and safety, and industrial building
innovation. These areas are determined as a result of a vision of the future, reflected in the following three
propositions.
Technology diffusion in product design is an opportunity for the University of Twente because of the
unique excellent communication between the social sciences and the natural and engineering sciences
B3 · PRODUCT REALISATION 115 UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
that exists here and the entrepreneurial orientation of the university.
Mobility, sociality and safety are subjects for which many new products still can or should be realised and
for which the University of Twente has a lot of knowledge to offer. Industrial building innovation research can learn a lot from research carried out in the field of IDE. Many
building components and systems can or should be realised in favour of a more user-friendly, affordable
and sustainable built environment.
Mission
The mission of the research programme of Product Realisation is to develop and transfer knowledge
related to the optimal use of product technology in the industrial design engineering process and to apply
this knowledge in product design.
The objective is to build up a research and education activity with relevance for the University of
Twente as well as for society and businesses. The aim is to make a contribution toward the valuable and
sustainable application of technology in society.
The programme is mainly embedded in the Institute of Mechanics, Processes and Control, Twente
(IMPACT). The link to this institute will be explained in the more detailed description of our research. With
respect to the subject of “mobility, sociality and safety” cooperation within the institutes of IBR and IGS is
growing.
3.1 LEADERSHIP
3.1.1 ORGANISATION
As mentioned before, the chair for Product Realisation started its activities in December 2008. Priority
of the chair was the contribution to the curriculum of Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) and to the
development of a new Master track for Architectural Building Components Design and Engineering
(ABCDE). Parallel to these activities, a research policy and programme were developed which are
presented in this report. Initially, capacity was created by hiring expertise from outside the university as
well as hiring student assistants. Although the chair for Product Realisation is self-supporting, there is a strong cooperation with the two
other IDE chairs, Design Technology and Product Design, which meet in the Disciplinary Council for IDE.
However, the chair for Product Realisation is also represented in Disciplinary Council of Mechanical
Engineering. Both Councils are part of the Faculty of Engineering Technology.
3.1.2 MOTIVATION
The chair is highly dependent on goodwill from other chairs owing to the fact that the Department is
set up as a matrix organisation in which education is on a different axis than research. It is important
to notice that Product Realisation is not a monopoly for this chair One of the Master tracks of Industrial
Design Engineering is Emerging Technology Design, coordinated by Professor André de Boer. He
frequently refers students to the chair of Product Realisation for technology-driven projects. Crossreference between chairs within and outside the Department is of great importance. Therefore, much
attention is paid to creating more goodwill for this new chair This is realised by, e.g., a presentation of
the chair to which the entire Faculty community was invited and by participation in a conference and an
exhibition on Materials Engineering to which colleagues were invited to present their research.
116 B3 · PRODUCT REALISATION UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.
3.1.3 COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL
Research plans and activities are intensively communicated in the Disciplinary Councils.
Furthermore, communication takes place in meetings of research institutes and new taskforces like the
interfaculty taskforce for Crime Science in which the chair for Product Realisation represents the Faculty
of Engineering Technology. Also, intensive communication takes place within the context of IMPACT, for which a proposal was written
on the subject of Enriched Expression of Humanoids. This proposal was accepted which probably will result
in the appointment of a post-doc for one year to develop a research programme and acquire funding.
Together with the chair for Product Design (Eger), we are editors of the professional magazine ‘Product’.
Publication of academic issues will be realised in 2010.
This self-assessment is part of the usual process of quality improvement. Next year, an external
committee will be invited to review the research activities related to the chair for Product Design. This
committee will meet at least once a year to discuss research plans and practice.
3.2.1 INTRODUCTION
The research projects and plans of the chair Product Realisation are a result of three parameters:
-- Interpretation of the concept of product realisation;
-- Context within the organisation;
-- Context outside the organisation.
After discussing these parameters, a description will be presented of the ongoing and planned activities.
The interpretation of the concept of product realisation
In industrial design engineering works, several different subdivisions of the discipline are used. A well
known partition is into ergonomics, product design, engineering and management. At Delft University of
Technology, this partition was initiated in 1969, but later ergonomics and product design merged into one
department. In Twente, a different choice was made, based on the fact that IDE was not planned as a self-supporting
Faculty but was regarded as part of the Department for Design, Manufacturing and Management (OPM).
The question was what disciplines should be introduced to complement the existing disciplines to be able
to educate industrial design engineers. Engineering knowledge was more than sufficiently available and management of product development
was also already a point of attention. Product design was still missing as was ergonomics. Therefore, both
disciplines were filled in by appointing specialists and establishing a new chair. Although the educational programme was assessed positively, there turned out to be a need for a special
chair with, on the one hand, an integrating function for the various IDE sub-disciplines and on the other
hand, a specialised function in the translation of technology into product functions.
This chair received the name ‘Product Realisation’, while remaining aware of the fact that this is not a
univocal concept. However, ‘Product Realisation’ fits better in this stage of societal development in which
the primary question is no longer ’how do we design products’ but ‘which product will we design’ and
‘how do we deal with the available technology’. The new order of product realisation is:
- Determining product functions;
-- Determining technologies to realise product functions;
-- Design, testing and production;
-- Sales, services and recovery.
The traditional approach of industrial design engineering was focused on the third item on this list.
In Twente, all four items receive attention. Determining product functions has become a subject of
research in which scenario-based design plays an important role (Mascha van der Voort). Selecting which technologies to use has become an issue, as a result of the exponentially growing amount
of available technology, combined with all the side effects of these technologies; this is one of the topics
the chair for Product Realisation will focus on.
Design, testing and production are well developed in Twente.
Sales, services and recovery are subjects which have become more and more issues for industrial
designers. New sales systems (internet), new service systems (ownership versus availability) are emerging
and recovery of products at the end of life cannot be ignored anymore. Recovery will be an integral aspect
of product realisation.
Organisational context
As already mentioned, the chair for Product Realisation aims to play a role in determining technologies for
realising product functions and in the recovery of resources at the end of life. This implies close cooperation
with providers of technology in other chairs and institutes within the university. In order to make
technology available for new product development, the chair intends to play a central role in the diffusion
of technology to designers, through the initiation of a product knowledge database system, as a corporate
memory for the University of Twente. This project will be carried out in close cooperation with the Faculty
of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) and is very much embedded
in education. The aim is to develop an interactive database system in which input as well as output is
facilitated by highly interactive systems. This project is initiated from the supply side of technology.
On the demand side of technology, several research activities are planned. A representative example is
Crime Science, a programme initiated by Professor Marianne Junger of the Faculty of Management and
Governance. The role of the chair for Product Realisation is to investigate and apply technology which
could influence the situation of crime occurrence in such a way that crime decreases. One of the responsibilities of the chair is setting up a Master programme and a research programme in the
field of industrial design for the building industry (ABCDE). Here as well, the application of new technology
will be an important issue. Examples of research activities in this field are the integration of phase change
materials in building components and the application of advanced technologies for the re-use of building
components.
Broader context
The chair of Product Realisation aims to play a role in society. Close cooperation with external parties
is crucial. These parties are local governments, companies (Twente Innovation Platform) and other
educational institutes in the region (Saxion). Close cooperation within the 3TU context is intended as well; we currently participate in the Delft project
Concept House Village, for example.
Research programme
As explained, the research programme is built up with projects launched within the chair of Product
Realisation and IDE-related projects initiated by other chairs. Four sub-programmes are distinguished within the chair:
-- Technology diffusion in design as the core research issue (Poelman and Beusenberg);
-- Mobility, sociality and safety (Poelman);
-- Industrial Building Innovation (Poelman);
-- Cradle to Cradle (Poelman).
Outside the chair, five sub-programmes are presented as part of this research programme:
-- Transformable Green Buildings (Durmisevic);
-- Materials Engineering (Akkerman);
-- Biomedical Product Development (Koopman);
-- Sound Design and Perception (De Boer);
-- Friction and Tactility in Product-User Interactions (Schipper).
These sub-programmes are discussed in the following sections.
3.2.2 SUB-PROGRAMME: TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION
Sub-programme leader: Dr M. Beusenberg
Introduction
The programme focuses on the role of the industrial design engineer as an intermediary between research
and market. Results from research find their way to the market through product design in many cases.
Theme
The issue of technology diffusion as an aspect of product design is represented by the scheme below.
Figure 1 Productrealisation as an association between functionalities and potentialities
Strategic product plan
objective
functions
functionalities
potentialities
functionalities
potentialities
functionalities
functionalities
product to
design
functionalities
objective
functions
functionalities
functionalities
functionalities
association process
potentialities
properties
potentialities
technology
potentialities
potentialities
properties
potentialities
potentialities
Operational product plan
In this model of product realisation, the process is regarded as an association process between desired
functionalities and available potentialities. Potentialities are defined as performances of a technology out
of the context of an application.
In technology diffusion, the following three problem areas are distinguished:
-- The definition of functionalities, which is a goal of e.g. scenario based design;
-- The definition and representation of potentialities of available technologies;
-- The association process itself as an aspect of design methodology.
Research in the context of technology diffusion could in principle be related to each of the three problem
areas. The research can be regarded as a follow-up of the thesis of Poelman (Technology Diffusion in
Product Design). There are many research questions to be formulated and answered with respect to the
process of technology diffusion.
The main research question is how the interface between supply and demand should be organised in
general. Many aspects play a role, such as identification of technology, representation, selection and
evaluation, applied media, and cooperation. Whereas a lot of work is carried out with respect to the organisation of the design process, hardly any
work is carried out with respect to the technology diffusion aspect. Designers are dependent on their
directly evocable knowledge and on knowledge which they are able to attain from their specific situation.
The first project, Technology Representation Tools, is focussed at the way potentialities are presented to
designers in the most efficient (as well as effective and inspiring) way.
Other research questions are related to specific cases which could tell us more about diffusion processes
and about the assessment of technologies.Such projects are the ECC (Engineered Cementitious
Composites) project and the project Enriched Expression of Humanoids.
Research projects
The Technology Diffusion research group incorporates one assistant professor for the time being with the
dual task of carrying out the technology presentation tools project and initiating new research projects.
ffTechnology presentation tools
The development of a physical browser (objects) electronically linked to a database, and the investigation
of the functionality, utility, and usability aspects of the system as a design tool which will be realised
in the Faculty of Engineering Technology. This so-called Technotheque is intended to play a role as a
corporate memory for the Faculty in which physical results of student work will be made accessible. Researcher: Beusenberg, start January 1st 2010, primary funding.
ffSteering adoption of innovative materials with material properties (ECC as a case study)
The project concerns the investigation of the potentialities of Engineered Cementitious Composites and
the realisation of projects as a participative research activity to learn about the specific application of the
material, but also about technology diffusion processes in general.
Interesting about the project is the fact that what was originally building material is now interesting for
industrial design projects because of its improved flexibility. The impact resistance of thin-walled products
becomes much better.
Researcher: Hoitink, start January 1st 2010, financed by HBO funding.
Cooperation
The Technotheque project is intended as a national initiative in which not only the three technical
universities, but also the Hogescholen will participate. Cooperation with the Faculty of EEMCS is being
initiated for the development of software. Several companies have expressed interest to supply samples
and knowledge and several design agencies and departments are interested in using the tool in the
future.
Education
The project has a direct link to education. In the course Manufacturing III in the second year of the
Bachelor, students are involved in the acquisition of knowledge for the Technotheque. In design projects,
they are invited to use the Technotheque as a source for design information. A course called Technology
Gatekeeping is initiated as part of the Master programme.
The result of the work done so far is visible in the site www.technotheek.nl. A paper was presented in
2004, titled Technology Management in Product Design, Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering
(Millpress, Rotterdam). The Thesis Technology Diffusion in Product Design is partly based on this subject.
3.2.3 SUB-PROGRAMME: MOBILITY, SOCIALITY AND SAFETY
Sub-programme leader: Prof dr ir W.A. Poelman
Introduction
Product Realisation is an issue which plays a role in many areas of industrial activity. In this research
programme, we focus on areas with a societal emphasis: Mobility, sociality and safety. New products
could be realised enabling people to move from one place to another, inside as well as outside the home.
New products could also be realised that would allow people to socialise with other people or to allow
people to be and feel safe in their activities. Many products in these areas have been realised with
technological possibilities as a starting point. This research programme is aimed at the creation process
of new products with human behaviour as a starting point in the expectation that new opportunities will
occur.
Theme
The research is based upon a model for value realisation depicted in the figure below.
function
properties functionalities
function
function
function
function
needs
value
function
Product value is realised from left to right and needs are generally the starting point. Value for people,
however, is not realised by fulfilling needs, but by realisation of values. Standards play an important,
underestimated role in this process. New products may change standards, but many products are not
successful because they obstruct standards. Products which have changed standards may decrease the
quality of life. E.g., modern entrance control systems have resulted in a lower feeling of safety and fewer
social contacts of elderly people.
The sub-programme Mobility, Sociality and Safety aims at building up knowledge with respect to the
development of new products based upon human values and standards. The main question is: ‘How would we design products when we take standards and values of people really
as a starting point?’
Research projects
ffMobility conveniences for elderly people
A substantial development effort has gone towards solving mobility problems for elderly people.
These efforts are aimed at physical needs, rather than at mental values. This has resulted in many,
stigmatising products like walkers and elevator chairs. Conveniences for elderly people should be
developed from the point of view of an inclusive design, in
which products for elderly should be interesting for younger
people as well. The research project will be built up with
some cases in which this approach is tested. One of the first
cases is the step lift, in which each step of a stairway is a
small elevator in itself. Other cases are in development now.
Another project concerns the application of an electric car
for regional transport of elderly people, in cooperation with
Eindhoven University of Technology and the Cartesius Institute
in Leeuwarden.
Researcher: Beusenberg, started September 1st 2010, financed by regional funding.
ffDomotics in co-housing communities
The influence of technological and physical functions on social interactions in co-housing communities Co-housing has gained renewed interest in the Netherlands, especially for populations of over 50 years
of age and as an alternative for professional and family care, in combination with living independently. In
a co-housing community people have the possibility to share daily life activities in a specially developed
facility. This project presents the relation between changes in technical and physical characteristics and
social interaction in a co-housing community. Research question: Which conditions can be put towards
the technical and physical context of a co-housing community in such a way that an optimum base is
developed for social interactions of the dwellers?
Researcher: Bouma, continued in Twente 1st of January, expected PhD: 31st December 2011, financed by
HBO funding.
ffInteractive technology for crime prevention
Information and communication technology is, in the context of criminality, generally applied separated
from the context of entertainment and wellbeing. In the same public spaces you might find technology
for safety purposes such as camera’s and access control, developed and supplied by completely different
companies, you may also find technology intended for entertainment and wellbeing like lighting, music
playback, and video screens. In the context of vandalism and criminality, we could categorise these technologies as re-active and proactive. Although a camera can have a certain proactive function, its main goal is being able to react to
certain incidents. Although music in a shopping centre has mainly a pro-active function – to make people
feel happy – music could be applied re-actively in order to distract the attention from less wanted activities.
This project is under development in close cooperation with the Crime Science Research Group, initiated
by Professor Marianne Junger of the Faculty of Behavioural Sciences. Researcher: vacancy for PhD student, project proposal is pending at NWO in programme Complexity.
ffEnriched expression of humanoids
Man-made objects increasingly combine physical functions with Information technology. Humanoids
probably form the most representative example of this phenomenon. However, in the wide range from a
toaster to a humanoid there are many examples of products that have one thing in common: Together with
the user, they form a man-machine system in which the correct exchange of information is indispensable. Generally spoken, objective information is exchanged, for which traditional technologies for perception
and expression are applied. Looking at the machine part of the system, mostly simple physical controls
(keys) and sometimes touch screens and also voice input are used. For expression, mainly sound
generators and visual displays are applied.
Especially in the field of humanoids, we nowadays see that not only objective, but also subjective
information is communicated between humans and machines. This type of information could also be
characterised as implicit or tacit, but regardless of what we call it, the expression technology currently
used for machines is not suitable for this kind of information. Hence, the capability of expression of
machines is still poor and should be enriched.
The project will be carried out in close cooperation with Professor Stefano Stramigioli of the Faculty for
Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS)
Researcher: Vacancy for postdoc, project will start as soon as postdoc is recruited, financed by Impact.
Cooperation
For this research, there is a strong cooperation with the following:
-
-
-
-
-
The chair of Advanced Robotics of Stefano Stramigioli at (EEMCS);
The chair of Experimental Psychology and Ergonomics of Willem Verwey at BS;
The chair of Applied Mechanics (sound research) of André de Boer at ET;
The chair of Surface Technology and Tribology (tactile experience) of Dik Schipper at ET;
The chair of Elastomer Technology and Engineering of Jacques Noordermeer at ET.
Education
The investigation of usable technologies is integrated in the Bachelor courses Manufacturing 3 and
Technology Gatekeeping, both under responsibility of this chair. Jantine Bouma contributes to courses for marketing concerning user investigation and student design
projects.
There are no results to be mentioned yet.
3.2.4 SUB-PROGRAMME: INDUSTRIAL BUILDING INNOVATION
Introduction
As explained a research programme is under construction in the context of the new Master programme
ABCDE. This sub-programme will be closely related to the other sub-programmes to achieve synergy.
Within the ABCDE programme, a great deal of attention will be paid to subjects like new materials and
domotics, which will be dealt with in other sub-programmes too.
There will be less focus on building systems, as this issue is covered in the programme Green
Transformable Buildings of Elma Durmisevic. Our starting point will be technological opportunities and
add-ons to buildings to enable several functions in the field of ergonomics, comfort, energy saving and
climate improvement.
Theme
The theme of the sub-programme for Industrial Building Innovation is the application of the technology
diffusion model (see above) to the building industry, with a strong industrial design approach. User
functions of buildings will be fundamentally analysed and technological opportunities will be explored
in all fields of research. The focus is on matching user needs with technological opportunities and on
developing new materials, components, products and knowledge for industry.
Research projects
ffIntegral foam application in concrete
Concrete plays a substantial role in the worldwide CO2 emissions. There are several strategies for
decreasing these emissions, for example, the use of alternative materials or the application of lower wall
thickness. Another strategy is the application of foam which is practiced in a growing extent. Problems
with foamed concrete are the assimilation of water and the vulnerability of the surface. This objective of this research project is to develop a so-called integral foaming system in which the
exterior of the product is solid and rigid and the inside is foam. Several companies are involved in this
research project.
Researcher: Alkema, PhD project started 1st of January 2010, project proposal for funding is pending at
Pioneering.
ffSmart wall systems for climate control
In this project, the central research question is ‘How to keep the temperature in a box of 3x3x3 meters,
standing unobstructed in the Dutch climate, at exactly 20 degrees Celsius, only applying techniques of
heat exchangers, heat storage, pumps and measurement and control, thus without explicit heating or
cooling equipment?’
The principle to be researched is based on an insulating sandwich wall system with heat exchangers
outside and inside. These heat exchangers are connected to two water tanks, one with cold water and
one with warm water. A computer system uses the input from heat sensors to control valves and pumps
circulating warm and cold water. The goal of the project is to minimise the parameters in energy management so as to optimise the design
of the smart wall. The question is: How far we can go with equalising the temperature based on this
technology? Other parameters like ventilation systems, windows, doors and the presence of people are
added in a later stage to be able to adapt the system systematically to these practical circumstances. The perspective of the project is to be able to design buildings in which temperature is regulated without
having to add energy from other sources than the direct environment. A new wall system could be
developed with these research results as a starting point. Researcher: Poelman, Project proposal for funding pending at Oost N.V.
Cooperation
For the subject of Industrial Building Innovation cooperation is initiated with universities, research
institutes and companies. Since the project leader worked for the chair of Product Development (Eekhout) of the Faculty of
Architecture in Delft in the recent past, contacts with that group do not still have to be established.
Cooperation with the chair of Product Development in Eindhoven (Lichtenberg) has already existed for
many years as well. Depending on the subject, cooperation also takes place with several companies like
Hurks Beton for ECC. A regional project called Pioneering is aimed at stimulating the construction industry. Through Pioneering,
funding is possible for innovative research projects in which industry is involved. The research programme
is developed in close cooperation with Pioneering.
Education
In all the research projects, students are involved as much as possible to realise synergy between
education and research. The individual courses are set up in a way that opens the opportunity to integrate
work for research projects.
The work has only just started and no results can be presented yet.
3.2.5 SUB-PROGRAMME: CRADLE TO CRADLE
Cradle to Cradle is a subject which will receive much attention in the coming years, partly because
of intensified cooperation with Professor Michael Braungart who was one of the two initiators of the
concept. That is why research in this field is presented in a separate sub-programme, which does not
mean that sustainability aspects do not receive attention in other sub-programmes.
Introduction
The starting point of cradle-to-cradle design is the principle that waste should not exist. Waste should be
raw material for new products.Several aspects of cradle-to-cradle design need a research effort:
-- Chemistry for upgrading waste;
-- Logistics for managing waste;
-- Design methodology to apply waste materials and components;
-- Manufacturing technology to process waste;
-- Quality control for waste materials to be reused.
This research programme will pay attention to each of these aspects.
Theme
The theme of the sub-programme Cradle to Cradle is based on the relationship with the discipline of
Industrial design engineering. The discipline will be considerably influenced by this cradle-to-cradle
paradigm. Until now designers were used to obtaining materials and components from a market in which
virgin materials prevailed. The designer was not involved in the origin of the materials and did not have to
deal with the constraints connected with these materials. The discipline of industrial design engineering
has become more complex because of the cradle-to-cradle approach and more creativity is asked for.
Research projects
ffApplication of recycled polypropylene in building components
Polypropylene is one of the materials that are suitable for cradle-to-cradle application. Recycled
polypropylene is frequently used in, e.g. bumpers of cars. Waste polypropylene generally stems from
production waste. The amount of waste polypropylene entering the market is growing so fast that more
applications should be developed. One of the fields of application is the building industry. Applications could be found in replacing materials in existing components or in designing new
components. This research project is aimed at exploring the possible applications in building industry.
At this moment, PVC is frequently applied in building components. In many cases, use of polypropylene
would be possible, but the specifications of PVC are generally spoken more appropriate. New
manufacturing technology could be developed to extend the options. Especially foaming technology and
(co-) extrusion will be subject of research.
The perspective of the project could be a more efficient use of recycled polypropylene. As plastic waste is
collected separately in a growing number of countries these days, the developed technology could lead
to new applications of this waste too. With the fact in mind that this material is even more contaminated
with other materials, this research project could learn how to deal with that.
Researcher: Bolink, started 1st September 2009, research financed from “Kenniswerkersregeling”.
ffSupply-Driven Architecture
Supply-driven architecture, also called supply-driven design (SDD), is design in which the availability of
reusable components forms an explicit factor in the design process and in the decision making.
Questions to be answered are the following:
-- Could the supply side be able to offer enough options for the designer to be interesting? (What are the
experiences with existing databases like the Reststoffenbeurs?)
-- Could software help, and in what way, offer opportunities from the database to find the optimal
components for the designer’s assignment?
-- Could a database inspire the designer or will SDD decrease the creativity?
-- Is the quality control problem solvable, as it is in automotive where databases for re-usable components
are widely accepted?
The perspective of this research is enabling a considerable reducing of carbon emission in building industry.
Researcher: Poelman, started with papers for several conferences, funding is still point of attention.
Cooperation
In this project, the chair cooperates with the Cradle to Cradle centre in Venlo and Saxion in Enschede.
For supply-driven architecture, cooperation is planned with the recycling company Gansewinkel and for
polypropylene with AKG.
Education
Supply-driven architecture is integrated in the courses presented by Poelman, especially for the ABCDE
Master track.
One paper was presented on the subject of ECC and one about Supply Driven Architecture in Enschede
at CMS 2009. A paper has been accepted for the TMCE (Tools and Methods for Competitive Engineering)
conference in Ancona in May 2010.
3.2.6 SUB-PROGRAMME: TRANSFORMABLE GREEN BUILDINGS
Sub-programme leader: Dr ir E. Durmisevic
Introduction
The aim of this sub programme is to create a research platform for design of industrial, green and
transformable buildings at the Faculty of Engineering Technology. The core of this platform is formed by
a research group, an experimental building site on the campus and the new Master programme ABCDE.
There are a number of research projects (PhD and Master research) around this core. The research
platform has a direct relationship with Innovation Platform Twente The objective of the centre is to position Twente as a centre for transformable green design and
engineering debate in the Netherlands and internationally and to set a roadmap for the building
construction in the 21st century. Participating researchers are: Prof. dr ir J.I.M. Halman (CM&E, chair
in Innovation processes in construction), Prof. dr ir A.G. Dorée (CM&E, Market and Organization in
construction), Dr E. Durmisevic (DPM), Ir E. Hofman (PhD), Ir J. Nijs (PhD), Ir B. Van Westerlo (PhD) and Ir
K. Coucheir (PhD).
Theme
The need to conserve our environment for future generations is one of the greatest challenges that
humankind must address. The way further is to rethink the way we make and use things and to develop
more intelligent and sustainable solutions to treat material and energy resources The most compelling
question for any designer today is: How do we design for a sustainable future? But it is also a question
that concerns industries that seek to understand the environmental consequences of their current
activities and how they can adopt sustainable business models.
Research projects
ffPlatform based development in the housing industry (2007-2010)
The aim of this PhD research project is to develop models to map (1) the relation between customer
requirements and product architecture designs and; (2) the relation between product architecture design
and supply chain structure. The indicated models will be developed and validated within the specific
setting of the construction industry. Budget: Tertiary money, funding provided by PSIBouw (Centre for Innovation in Construction). Responsible researcher and supervisors: Hofman (PhD student) Voordijk and Halman.
ffPhD research project: Interface design for open building systems (2009-2013)
The aim of the research is to develop flexible interfaces for open system building concepts.Such interfaces
will support individual development and manufacturing of building systems by different producers. At the
same time, such a development would provide easier and faster construction and assembly on site and
more designer freedom. Budget: Tertiary money, funding provided by the working group Industrial Demountable Flexible (IDF)
buildings of Innovation Platform Twente. Responsible researcher and supervisors: Nijs (PhD student), Durmisevic and Halman.
ffPhD research project: Implementation of the IDF concept (2010-2014)
The aim of this project is to develop and test alternative strategies that secure a wide adoption of the
IDF (Industrial Demountable and Flexible design) concept in the design and manufacturing practice. The
research will be focused primarily on leaders in this field including architectural offices, clients (housing
corporations, developers) and manufacturing companies. Examples of good implementation of the IDF
concept will be analysed as well as the bottlenecks for the further successful implementation of IDF. Budget: Tertiary money, funding provided by the working group IDF from Innovation Platform Twente. Responsible researcher and supervisors: PhD (vacancy), Durmisevic and Halman.
ffPhD research project: Development of flexible building systems for emergency relief in central
Africa (2009-2013)
The aim of this project is to develop green building methods for emergency housing in central Africa. The
main focus of the research is on use of local materials, adaptability, disassembly and reuse of building
materials.
Budget: Tertiary money, funding provided by the Hogeschool Antwerpen. Responsible researcher and supervisor: Couscheir (PhD student), Durmisevic and Halman.
ffPhD research project: C2C implementation of C2C principles in construction (2010-2014)
The aim of this project is to develop and test an approach to successfully implement Cradle to Cradle (C2C)
principles in the construction industry. The research project will conducted on the base of three building
projects in the Venlo C2C area.
Budget: Tertiary money, funding provided by the Venlo Municipality. Responsible researcher and supervisor: Van Westerlo (PhD student), Durmisevic, Braungart and Halman.
Other research projects:
ffLife cycle design of building and systems
This research deals with a number of key elements of sustainable building technology such as design for
disassembly, transformation design decision support models and assessment tools, disassembly potential
of buildings and their impact on the environment.
Budget: Tertiary funding and primary funding. Researchers: Durmisevic and Toxopeus.
ffC2C implementation in construction
The aim of the research is to provide a definition for Cradle-to-Cradle approach in construction and to
propose an application of Cradle-to-Cradle principles into a building systems and building projects.
Budget: Tertiary money, funding provided by VROM/TNO and Housing Corporation De Woonplaats. Responsible researcher: Durmisevic.
ffSystems Design Integration
The aim of this project is to create a platform for experiment in green and transformable buildings together
with construction industry, Innovation Platform, students of the new Master ABCDE and researchers
at the University of Twente. A dynamic and transformable building structure will be constructed on the
university campus with exchangeable modules. The building will transform from year to year so that new
insights in C2C material, flexible and demountable building techniques and reuse of materials as well as
adaptability to the changing climate conditions, water treatment systems and energy/climate concepts
can be developed and tested. The kick-off with a mini symposium took place on 20 November 2009.
Budget: Tertiary money and primary money. Project leader: Durmisevic.
Cooperation
The above mentioned research projects are conducted in close cooperation with the Innovation Platform
Twente and the workgroup IDF. The C2C research is conducted in close cooperation with the Venlo C2C
valley, TNO, Housing Corporation de Woonplaats, Delft University of Technology, and Eindhoven University
of Technology. Besides the cooperation on the regional and national level, this group also cooperates internationally,
with CIB and working commission W115 Construction, Material Stewardship, W104 Open Building, Yldiz
University from Istanbul, University Sarajevo, Penn State University in the US, and Brussels University.
In order to promote the objectives of the group, an international CIB conference was organised at the
University Twente in June 2009 entitled Life Cycle Design of Buildings, Systems and Materials.
Education
The above mentioned research results are being directly coupled to the new Master ABCDE, Students
from the Master ABCDE together with Industrial partners are involved in the design and construction
project of green flexible systems. The development will take place in international composed
multidisciplinary teams with students from the universities of Sarajevo and Istanbul. Results and future work
In order to promote this new development at the University Twente an international CIB conference has
been organised in June 2009. The participants came from fifteen different countries all over the world,
interviews were given to journalists, scientific papers were written for the conference and for scientific
journals, and a number of invited lectures have been given worldwide.
3.2.7 SUB-PROGRAMME: MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Sub-programme leader: Prof dr ir R. Akkerman
Introduction
Part of the activities of the chair Production Technology of professor Akkerman is of importance in the
IDE context. For this reason several research projects are presented in this evaluation. The research in
the field of materials engineering in the Production Technology group addresses technical issues of new
products and new processes. The group’s mission is to develop methods for optimisation of manufacturing
processes and the resulting product performance. We aim to operate at the forefront of research, and
have an innovative impact on the industry. This helps the industry compete on the global market, while
the findings and expertise are transferred into the education of young engineers at the same time.
Theme
‘Processing’ and ‘Product performance’ of lightweight materials in structural applications are the key
phrases of the main research themes of the Production Technology group. Processing and performance
can be optimised after thorough analysis and modelling in combination with a robust experimental
programme. An integral approach is pursued, taking into account the relationships between geometric
design, production process and material properties. We are in the process of developing new research on non-reinforced plastics and light metals within
these research themes. At the same time, we see a growth in applications by extending the group’s scope
to industrial design engineering, considering society’s needs for safety and sustainability as well as the
specific opportunities of composite materials for construction applications and of composite materials
with added functionality.
Research projects
ffMaterials for Safety
Personal safety is a subject with many aspects. Production Technology concentrates on personal protection
by means of absorption of impact energy. Applications can be e.g. in professional life and in sports. Design of
energy-absorbing products for personal use is often based on heavy and bulky materials. Modern materials
based for example on textiles offer good performance at a low weight and volume. Think for example of
Aramide textiles for body armour. Also, these materials can combine flexibility at low rates of deformation and
stiffness and corresponding load distribution over a larger area at high rates of deformation.
The design of products with these modern materials is often based on trial and error methods due to
their often complex behaviour. Production Technology studies the detailed deformation characteristics by
means of experiments and numerical analysis, in order to develop and implement appropriate constitutive
models. With those, design tools and methods are developed and used, specifically to optimise impact
energy absorption and injury prevention at minimum weight and maximum wearability.
Researchers: Siahaya, Warnet en Ten Thije. The project started in 2008 and is ongoing. It is financed by
direct and contract funding.
ffSmart Composites
The increasing use of composite materials is mainly due to the combination of high stiffness and strength,
good corrosion resistance and excellent formability with low density. The use of composites can be
optimised by taking advantage of their possibilities for creating tailor-made items. The layered structure of
the materials provides excellent opportunities for function integration by means of embedding thin layers
or fibres. Optical fibres can be embedded to measure local strains or temperatures. Piezoelectric fibres
can be used for similar purposes and for mechanical actuation. Thin layers can be deposited by e.g. inkjet
printing to integrate printed conductors, resistors, semiconductors and photovoltaics, adding a wide range
of functionalities to composite structures. Mechanisms can even be devised to make the materials selfhealing. Various projects are ongoing in this innovative area.
An application of embedded sensing is condition (or structural health) monitoring. The structural integrity
of composite components and structures is often inspected on a regular basis. This can be replaced by an
embedded sensing network, recording the dynamic behaviour of the structure. By means of modelling the
dynamics and developing inverse methods, the occurrence of damage can be monitored and localised,
and therefore the health of the structure can be monitored. This emerging technology of embedded
sensing and inkjet-printed electronics is explored for design of novel multifunctional applications. Researchers: Sridhar and Ooijevaar. The project started in 2007 and is ongoing. Funded by direct funding
and EU.
ffConstruction Application of Composites
The physical properties of composite materials provide good opportunities for current and novel
constructive applications. The combination of high strength and low density can be exploited in
constructions of large span. The corrosion resistance is advantageous compared with steel constructions,
in terms of lifetime and required maintenance.
The materials provide great freedom of design for e.g. blob-like structures with a pronounced double
curvature. Composite laminates offer good possibilities for function integration; e.g., thermal insulation
and translucence can be inherent properties of load-bearing composite structures. Renovation of bridges and viaducts is another important theme. Ample experience in e.g. the US for
composite repair of infrastructure provides a good starting point for the Dutch situation. Large-scale
inspection of the Dutch bridges and viaducts teaches that also here, damage occurs earlier than
predicted, partially caused by the increasingly higher traffic loads. Repair using concrete materials (even
high-strength concrete) causes additional mass and hence even higher loads on the original structure.
Light corrosion resistant materials have obvious benefits in this respect.
The new branch of activities will be focused on materials, design and certification, as the specific
constraints of civil and architectural applications (e.g. in terms of environmental conditions, dimensions
and quantities as well as cost) require specific solutions (e.g. materials and manufacturing processes). Researcher: Vacancy.
ffEcodesign / Green Materials and Processes
Society, individuals, customers and companies are becoming increasingly environmentally aware and
appreciate ‘green’ concepts. Environmental aspects are expected to play an increasingly important role
throughout society, in many aspects of engineering and the related activities in this sub-programme. In
this context, Production Technology focuses on the environmental aspects of the product and product
development process, from design, materials, processing and use to end-of-life.
Design: Ecodesign involves life cycle analyses in the design process. Environmental development methods
are evaluated (such as eco-efficiency and eco-effectivity or C2C) and guidelines are developed for a green
development process for structural components. Sustainable energy is a second branch of this activity.
Production Technology is involved in the design and manufacturing of wind turbine blades. Materials: Biocomposites - more specifically, natural fibres and bioresins, either or not biodegradable - are
attracting increased attention. Processes: Thermoplastic materials have an advantage over thermoset materials involving chemical
reactions with possible undesired emissions. Methods are developed to minimise the energy required for
processing, using accurate process modelling for process optimisation.
Use: Smart maintenance enables optimum use of resources. By means of structural health monitoring,
service and repair can be scheduled on an as-needed base rather than too late or too early and too often.
Methods are developed for in situ detection of damage evolution in composite structures and for in situ
detection of residual life of gas and water distribution systems. Self-healing materials are being developed
for extending the products’ lifetime.
Researchers: Grouve and Visser. The project started in 2008 and is financed from direct funding and EU
funds.
Cooperation
The Production Technology group has a wide range of academic and industrial partners, on the national
and international level. Examples are Ten Cate for materials, Thales for inkjet-printed electronics, Suzlon
for wind turbines, gas network operators Liander, Cogas Infra & Beheer BV, Enexis and Stedin, water
network operator Vitens for residual life time assessment and various international partners via the EU
funded Joint Technology Initiative ‘Clean Sky’ for EcoDesign. Apart from this, the group hosts the TPRC,
an open innovation centre founded together with Boeing, Ten Cate and Stork Fokker with the aim to
accelerate the developments in thermoplastic composites throughout a range of value chains.
Education
The group is active in the Industrial Design Engineering curriculum, by means of the regular Bachelor
materials courses and the regular Master courses on composites and on the interdependencies of design,
production and materials. Research-related education is found in the emerging technology design courses
and the Master projects.
The group’s main outcome is a combination of design tools and methodologies with actual product
designs demonstrating this knowledge based engineering methods. Examples cover a wide range of
applications, such as Aramide personal protection, hip protection for the elderly, printed radar antennas,
structural health monitoring of composite constructions, a rapid prototyping system for the hot wirecutting process, design and manufacturing of light weight structures (wind turbine blades) and functional
and self-healing materials. In the near future, we will further develop methods and explore the application
of emerging technologies concerning new materials and processes. We expect growth of the IDE-related
activities in all of the four activities listed above.
3.2.8 SUB-PROGRAMME: BIOMEDICAL PRODUCT DESIGN
Sub-programme leader: Prof dr ir H.J.F.M. Koopman
Introduction
The sub-programme Industrial Design and Biomechanical Engineering is managed by Professor Bart
Koopman. The focus of the research initiatives is on synergy between the expertise contained in the
disciplines of biomedical engineering and industrial design engineering. Biomechanical engineering has a thorough knowledge of the functioning of the human body and
industrial design engineering has profound knowledge concerning the development of professional and
consumer products.
Key question is whether the biomechanical engineering knowledge, which is now applied to specific cases
in the fields of rehabilitation, orthopaedics and neurology, can be translated to products for a larger group
of users.
Theme
Examples of technologies are:
-- Use of external skeletons to support body functions;
-- Control of mechanisms by selected muscle groups with feedback;
-- Mobility support devices;
-- Safety features to prevent falls of elderly people.
This research cooperation with the chair of Biomechanical Engineering was initiated after the start of the
chair for Product Realisation in December 2008, but before that start the chair was already involved in
several Master projects of Industrial Design Engineering such as:
-- Design of a wearable exoskeleton;
-- Design of a suit for inertial motion capturing;
-- Beating Headaches | Product analysis and development for Philips Consumer Health & Wellness.
The research cooperation between the chairs fits excellently in the general research policy of Industrial
Design Engineering, especially with respect to the following:
Translation of advanced technology into products for people;
-- Transition of products to a higher level in the evolutionary product development model;
-- Integration of knowledge by interdisciplinary research.
Research projects
We are currently defining research projects, of which examples are given hereafter.
ffArm support systems, the design of an active and
wearable arm orthosis
Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive
disease diagnosed in childhood. After affection of the
muscles in the lower extremities, muscles of the shoulder
zone and arms follow. At some point, independent execution
of daily tasks like eating becomes impossible without
supporting devices. Due to medical developments, people with Duchenne are surviving longer and longer. However,
participation in society is challenging owing to the social barrier which is often experienced in relation
to all devices attached to the wheelchair With currently available technologies, it should be possible to
develop new devices that have a much lower social impact.
The project is divided in three phases. First, a passive weight-compensating support will be developed,
which can be used by people with some remaining muscle function. In the second phase, actuation will
be added to develop an electrically driven orthosis, which can be used for rehabilitative patients. Due
to passive balancing of the arm, just a small amount of energy is required to move the arm. In the third
phase, the focus will be on motion intention control to support people with no remaining muscle power.
Researcher: Koopman, in initiating phase.
ffMan machine interfaces in prosthetics
Storing mechanical energy when available and releasing it
when necessary for each joint is one of the main functions of
the actuator. On the other hand, to provide sufficient mobility
for various motions, the actuator should adjust the dynamics
of the prosthesis. In the scientific literature and on the market, lower limb
prostheses are mainly classified into two groups, i.e. passive
and active prostheses. Passive prostheses are designed to exploit the dynamics of walking thanks to
their special kinematic configuration. However, these types of prostheses are characterised by constant
stiffness and inability to adapt to various conditions. Moreover, with this kind of prosthesis, the gait
becomes unnatural and the amputee consumes a large amount of metabolic energy to compensate for
the lack of energy transfers from the lost muscles. On the other side, active prostheses have internal
actuators which can be controlled during gait. Even though they can provide better gait and reduce the
needed extra metabolic energy by power injection, this type of prosthesis has several drawbacks such as
energy consumption, weight, cost, and perception. Therefore, they are far removed from having a similar
performance as the biological leg.
The main goal is to design an actuation system with the following properties;
-- Ability to store and release the energy;
-- Provision of energy exchange between knee and ankle joints;
-- Continuously controllable stiffness and torque for providing different tasks in daily activities.
Researcher: Koopman, in initiating phase.
Cooperation
The project Flextension is a cooperation between the international interest group for Duchenne patients
and researchers of the University of Twente, Delft University of Technology, VUmc and UMC St. Radboud.
The purpose is to develop a new wearable arm orthosis which is invisible and able to support the users’
arm actively. The reflex leg project for the development of the new leg prosthesis is a cooperation
between groups of the University of Twente, Roessingh Rehabilitation Centre and the Icelandic prosthesis
manufacturer Ossur. Education
The Biomechanical Engineering Group offers Master courses in Biomechanics, Human Movement Control,
Biomechatronics, Rehabilitation Technology, and the Design of Biomedical Products.
3.2.9 SUB-PROGRAMME: SOUND DESIGN AND PERCEPTION
Sub-programme leader: Prof dr ir A. de Boer
Introduction
Sub-programme leader for Sound Design and Perception is Professor André de Boer who holds the chair of
Applied Mechanics. André de Boer is also coordinator for the Master track Emerging Technology Design.
The research in this group is in the field of Structural Dynamics and Acoustics.
Theme
Sound is an underestimated aspect of product design. Some large companies in automotive industry and
consumer goods (Philips) have integrated sound design in their design activities, but in general there is a
lack of knowledge in this field. This sub-programme will pay attention to the integration of sound design
in the design process by the development of tools. Attention will also be paid to the perception of sound
caused by products or human beings in order to track the direction from which the sound is generated.
Research projects
The following projects are initiated in this research plan.
ffHearing your Design
Nowadays, it is possible to analyse the sound emitted by a product. However, one usually needs to build
a prototype and perform acoustic measurements in an anechoic chamber. If the sound is not according to
specifications (it may e.g. be too loud or too ‘tonal’), one then changes the design but can only analyse the
result of that change after building another prototype, a process which is both time-consuming and costly.
Although this is rarely done, one can also simulate the sound emitted by a product. In fact, it is possible to
include the surroundings in which the product is intended to be used. (An electric shaver sounds different in
a bathroom than it does in a living room.) Usually, the result of such an analysis is only given to the designer
as a single number (the sound pressure level in decibels) or as a graph of the sound spectrum (sound as a
function of frequency). Although the sound pressure level indicates the loudness, it does not give any clue
as to the perception (colour) of sound, i.e. whether the sound is ‘comfortable’, ‘robust’, ‘cheap’ or ‘sportive’.
This information should somehow be contained in the spectrum but even experts cannot deduce this from a
graph. The problem is thus the inability of the designer to hear the product he or she is designing.
The objective of this research programme is to develop a design environment in which the designer can
hear the actual simulated sound and can quantify the (customer’s) perception of sound. Only then can the
designer change the design and influence the sound that is emitted by the product in its surroundings in a
virtual environment. Researcher: De Boer, in initiating phase.
ffActively Steered Perception
Acoustic source localisation concerns a combination of measuring with a lot of sensors (e.g. microphones)
and numerical analysis methods with the goal of detecting the location of a noise source. This method is
successfully applied to localise the parts of a structure that are responsible for the generation of noise.
Another interesting application area for noise source localisation is the tracking of objects that make
noise. One can think of the detection of people who display socially unacceptable behaviour (fighting,
shouting, vandalism). Once the source has been localised, a camera can be directed in that direction
automatically. The scientific challenge is to localise with much fewer sensors, in real time and on the mm
scale, the way an animal or a human being can. The objective of this project is to develop such a noise-tracking method and demonstrate it on the
Intelligent Robot that is developed in the framework of a Strategic Integration Programme (SIP) within
the University of Twente’s research institute IMPACT. For this development, knowledge is required in
the fields of (acoustic) sensors, noise source localisation, control and actuation, signal processing and
interpretation of sound quality. Most of the basic knowledge in these fields is present within the research
groups of IMPACT and other institutes at the University. This project will combine this knowledge, which
opens possibilities for acquiring external funding for research on monitoring and tracking of objects that
generate and/or radiate sound. Researcher: Vikas Arora, started January 1st 2010, Financed by Impact.
Cooperation
For this research there is a strong cooperation with the following chairs:
- Advanced Robotics of Stefano Stramigioli at EEMCS;
- Product Realisation of Wim Poelman at Engineering Technology (ET);
- Surface Technology and Tribology (tactile experience) of Dik Schipper at ET;
- Elastomer Technology and Engineering of Jacques Noordermeer at ET;
- Control of Anton Stoorvogel at EEMCS.
Education
The Applied Mechanics group offers the IDE Bachelor courses in statics, strength of materials, and
structural dynamics and among others, the Master courses in engineering acoustics, computational
structural optimisation and advanced dynamics. The engineering acoustics course is an important course
for the Sound design and Perception programme, as it makes new research developments in this field
directly available to the Master students.
3.2.10 SUB-PROGRAMME: FRICTION AND TACTILITY IN PRODUCT-USER
INTERACTIONS
Sub-programme leader: Prof dr ir D.J. Schipper
Theme
The theme Friction and Tactility at the Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology was defined
in 2004. In 2006, an assistant professor (1.0 FTE) was appointed on the subject of tribology of the
human skin. Currently, two PhD research project grants have been awarded, one by TNO and one by
the Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI). Furthermore, J. van Kuilenburg, an expert in the field of skin friction
with approximately 10 years of experience in the field of tribology of the human skin at Philips AppTech
and TNO is working on a PhD thesis in cooperation with TNO, Philips, Lightmotif and M2i (the Materials
to Innovate Research Programme). In 2009, research on the subject of friction and tactility was further
expanded by establishing the chair of Skin Tribology; Van der Heide was appointed as a part-time
professor for 0.2 fte.
Research projects
ffFriction and tactility in product-user interactions
The importance of the surface finish of products is well recognised. The selection of a surface finish may
be made on the basis of the optimal economic manufacturing process that will produce a surface that is
adequate for the application. This research focuses on the design and manufacturing of surfaces with
enhanced tactile feel. The following scientific and technological objectives are identified in order to reach the technological progress:
- Establishing a relationship between surface geometrical features and human touch. This relationship
serves as basis for the design and development of surfaces with a predefined touch.
- Establishing process windows for surface texturing in manufacturing processes, e.g. injection moulding
and sheet rolling. New tactile surface qualities must be produced in an economic, clean and safe way.
Tactility is assessed by tribological measurements with a dedicated tribometer. This tribometer measures
the frictional aspects of surfaces in combination with the human skin, in vivo. This is of great importance
as friction and wear characteristics depend on the actual system. Results of the friction measurements
are combined with dynamic touch experiments using panel testing and touch-related questionnaires.
Researchers: Masen and Van der Heide. Research started in 2006 and ongoing, direct funding.
ffSkin tribology and comfort
The look and feel of a surface are the result of the finish of the product. A surface is characterised by its
surface features: The geometry, density and distribution of these features. During touch, surface features in contact with the skin cause a load distribution at the skin surface and
thus a stress and strain distribution within the skin. Stresses and strains at mechanoreceptor locations
within the skin evoke responses of the receptors, which are sent to the brain through the nerves. The
activity of the central nervous system then produces a sensation which can be quantified in terms of
perceived magnitude: The descriptive level. Finally, a value judgement of the sensation, a perceived
quality of feel can be made: The emotional level. A mechanistic approach was adopted in which the stimuli at the skin, arising from product-user
interaction, are translated into a perceived quality of feel. This touch-feel perception is evaluated through
self-report experiments in which feelings are reported in terms of preselected word pairs. Using multivariate data analysis, feelings are related to surface feature parameters and frictional behaviour.
The aim of this project is to develop a methodology based on state-of-the-art knowledge, which can be
used in industry to predict and optimise the emotional qualities and expectations associated with specific
surface finishes.
Researcher: Van Kuilenburg. Research started in 2008 and ongoing, research funding by M2i/TNO.
ffFunctional Surfaces
Slip incidents account for a large proportion of serious injuries occurring on the work floor. British research
has indicated that slip accidents:
- Account for 33% of all reported major incidents on the work floor;
- Cause one in five of over-three-day injuries to employees;
- Result in two known fatalities per year in the UK.
Friction (and therefore properties such as grip, slip resistance and slipperiness) is a system parameter and
not a material property. This means that the frictional behaviour is the result of the interaction of the shoe,
the floor and possible lubricants and contaminants (such as water, oil and sand particles) as well as the
environment.
The research will focus on slip prevention by advanced control of friction in the contact between the shoe
and the floor. This will be done in four consecutive steps:
1.Analysing the mechanics of the contact between the shoe and the floor, including materials and
surface properties;
2.Modelling the friction behaviour of the contact;
3.Validating the developed calculation models using laboratory experiments;
4.Applying these models and the obtained knowledge to develop a shoe-floor friction measurement
system that will give reliable, meaningful and quantitative results.
Researcher: Masen. Research started in 2008 and ongoing, direct funding.
ffModelling contact in user-product interaction
The tactile interaction between a user and a product is determined by the contact between the human
skin and the surface texture of the product. The behaviour of human skin is visco-elastic and the skin’s
properties are anisotropic. Therefore, the contact between human skin and product surfaces cannot
simply be described using traditional engineering relations, such as Hertz’ equations for elastic contact.
Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the human skin depend on the environment: wet skin has a
much lower Young’s modulus than dry skin. The aim of the proposed work is to model and predict the tribological response of the interface between
human skin and the product. A model of a single rigid asperity in sliding contact with an anisotropic,
visco-elastic body, such as human skin will be made. This model will be experimentally validated using the
nano-tribometer and the inference microscope. Subsequently, the single asperity model will be extended
to describe the tribological response of human skin in contact with rough surfaces. This extended model
will be validated using a range of surface finishes.
Researcher: Rodriguez. Research started in 2008 and ongoing, research funding by DPI.
ffIn vivo measurement of skin friction
Friction in human-product interfaces is considered to be of high importance in
controlling comfort and, even more important, in controlling the perception of
comfort as the result of the interaction between product and user. Experience has shown that sliding contact is one of the main causes of skin
damage and irritation in object-skin interactions. This may involve a burning
sensation and reddening of the skin or actual damage to the skin. Predicting and
optimising friction starts with measuring it, at the proper scale, with reasonable operational conditions
and most importantly: At the human skin. Applications can be found in decubitus ulcer prevention, sports
floor design and skin care (such as shaving). The project focuses on the design and construction of a tribo-sensor for in vivo measurement of friction
at a random spot at the human skin. Ideally, this friction sensor is: Small, i.e. handheld, portable and
wireless, and able to evaluate a range of materials
Knowledge question: How to measure friction, in vivo, with one apparatus, independent of the position at
the human body?
The project will be concluded by a PhD Thesis that describes a friction sensor for human skin and that
elaborates on the different design parameters, operational conditions, and quality of measurements on
several persons and the validity of friction models from literature.
Researcher: Veijgen. Research started in 2008 and ongoing. Funded by TNO.
Cooperation
Cooperation with groups of other institutes, universities and companies takes place in the running
projects and initiated projects, as follows:
- Tactile Properties of Stainless Steel Sheet, in cooperation with Spanish partners Tekniker and Arcerinox;
- Design of Adaptive Prosthesis: Improved Friction and Wear Performance, in cooperation with Academic
Medical Centre Groningen;
- Slip and Grip - Shoes and Floors, in cooperation with Bata Industrials (safety shoes), AkzoNobel (floors
and floor coatings), DeltaRail (knowledge centre on floors for Dutch Railways), TCKI- Technical Centre
for the Ceramics Industry (floor tiles) and the Dutch Standardisation Agency NEN.
Education
A course has been developed for the IDE Master track Emerging Technology Design that is directly linked
with the research that is carried out at the University of Twente. In this way, Master students are directly
familiarised with the newest technology and methods to introduce new technologies in society. As a
result, new developments in research in this field come immediately available to the Master students.
Friction and tactility has been integrated in the educational programme in this course, called Surface
Engineering for Look and Feel. This course focuses on the ‘Look and Feel’ of products from a surface
engineering point of view: How the surface determines the visual appearance as well as the tactile
properties of products. These look and feel properties are explained using surface roughness, contact
mechanics, skin characteristics, manufacturing processes and surface treatments. Possibilities to change
the look and feel of products are discussed.
COLLABORATION
The research atmosphere is that of a starting, motivated group with many challenges for the future. Quality control processes are in the initiating phase and experience of other existing groups will be used. Communication lines are short because of the small number of group members. Supervision of junior researchers takes place on a daily basis. Fixed schemes for meetings with junior
researchers are not necessary yet. With respect to internal and external collaboration, we can conclude that this is the basis of the research
policy. All projects can be regarded as multidisciplinary and other chairs within the Faculty are involved in
all projects. In many projects, cooperation also takes place with researchers from outside the Faculty and
also from outside the University.
3.4.1 MEMBERSHIPS IN SCIENTIFIC BOARDS
Akkerman
-- 2006-now: European Association of Material Forming ESAFORM
De Boer
-- 2003-now: Netherlands representative in the Programme Committee of ICAS (International Counsel of
Aerospace Sciences)
-- 2004-now: Member of the Scientific committee of ISMA (International Seminar on Modal Analyses), KU
Leuven
-- 2007-now: Member of Advisory committee IOP ‘Self Healing Materials’
-- 2008-2013: Workpackage Leader of Netherlands/Belgium consortium IGOR within European JTI
Cleansky ‘Green Rotor Craft’ programme
-- 2009-2013: Member of steering committee TAPAS (Thermoplastic Affordable Primary Aircraft
Structures). Large research programme of Dutch consortium in collaboration with Airbus.
Doree
-- 2002 -now: Member of the Advisory Board of the Institute for Construction Law
Halman
-- 2000-2009: External member of the Scientific Research Committee at the Department of Architecture
of Delft University of Technology
-- 2000-now: Chairman of the Board of the Institute for Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Intent
(Foundation promoting research and education in the field of Technology and Innovation processes)
-- 2008-now: Chairman of the Scientific Committee of PRIMO: Public Risk Management Organisation
-- 2008-now: Member of the Board for Post Academic Education (PATO) of the Royal Institute of
Engineers, section Industrial Engineering and Management Science
Van der Heide
-- 2009-now: CapTech Governent Expert, European Defence Agency, Brussels
Koopman
-- 1999-now: Member of the management team of the CeRT (Centre for Rehabilitation Technology), since 1999)
Masen
-- 2008-now: Committee Member of the Institute of Physics Tribology Group
-- 2008-now: Member CEN ISO TR 11811 Guidance on Conducting NanoTribology Experiments
Poelman
-- 2007- 2008: Member of the board Cityports Academy Rotterdam
-- 2005- 2008: Member advisory board Knowledge Circulation Utrecht University for Professional Education
Schipper
-- 1992-2000: Secretary International Research Group on Wear of Engineering Materials (IRG-OECD)
-- 2000-now: National representative International Research Group on Wear of Engineering Materials
(IRG-OECD)
-- 2000- now: University Grants Committee UGC, CERG (Competitive Earmarked Research Grants), Hong Kong
-- 2003-now: EU - ENIWEP (European Network for Industrial Wear Prevention, follow-up of Virtual
Tribology Institute).
3.4.2 EDITORSHIPS AND REVIEWING OF ACADEMIC JOURNALS
Akkerman
Editor:
- Composite Structures
Reviewing:
- Composites A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Composites B: Engineering, Composite Structures,
Composite Science and Technology, Transport in Porous Media, International Journal of Forming
Processes, Dutch Technology Foundation (STW), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
(EPSRC, UK)
De Boer
Reviewing:
- International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Journal of
Mechanical Engineering Science
- Proposals for Dutch Technology Foundation (STW), Flanders Science and Technology Institute (IWT),
Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)
- Member of committee for the assessment of VIDI proposals (STW, 2004)
- Member of committee for the assessment of Casimir proposals (STW, 2006)
Doree
Editor:
- Member of Editorial Board Construction Management & Economics
Reviewing:
- Building Research and Information, Construction Innovation, Construction Management & Economics,
Engineering, Construction and Architectural management, Journal of Construction Procurement, R&D
Management
Durmiscevic
Editor:
- Conference Proceedings of the CIB W115 Construction Material Stewardship group Life cycle design of
buildings systems and materials, June 2009, University of Twente, ISBN 978-90-9024420-4
- Book of Abstracts of the CIB W115 Construction Material Stewardship group Life cycle design of
buildings systems and materials, June 2009, University of Twente
- Book in English International Design Studio, Design for Disassembly, June 2009, University of Twente,
ISBN 978-90-365-2859-7
Halman
Editor:
- Member of Editorial Board of the International Journal of Project Management
- Member of Editorial Board of the International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJTM)
- Area editor Risk and Uncertainty Management
Reviewing:
- Creativity and Innovation Management, Housing Studies, IEEE Engineering Management, International
Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, International Journal of Project Management,
Journal of Product Innovation Management, Supply chain Management: An International Journal
Van der Heide
Reviewing:
- Wear, Tribology International, Journal of Materials Processing Technology and Surface and Coatings
Technology
- Reviewing of proposals for Dutch Technology Foundation (STW) and The Israel Science Foundation (ISF)
Koopman
Reviewing:
- Journal of Biomechanics, Clinical Biomechanics, Biological Cybernetics, Journal of Neuroscience
Methods, Experimental Brain research, Journal of Physiology, IEEE/Transactions on Neural Systems &
Rehabilitation
- Proposals for Dutch Technology Foundation (STW), Flanders Science and Technology Institute (IWT),
Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)
Masen
Reviewing:
- Journal of Tribology, Wear, Tribology International
Poelman
Editor:
- Product, Academic Issues
Reviewing:
- International Conference on Tools and Methods for Competitive Engineering
- International Conference on Design Education
- Book: The Future Envelope 3
Schipper
Editor:
- Lubrication Science, ISSN 0954-0075
- TriboTest, ISSN 1354-4063
- Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, ISSN 0036-8792
Reviewing:
- Frequently for:
Journal of Tribology, Tribology Letters, Wear, Tribology International, Lubrication Science, TriboTest and
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology
- Less frequently for:
Tribology Transactions, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal of Engineering
Manufacture, Journal of Engineering Tribology
3.4.3 OTHER PROOFS OF ACADEMIC REPUTATION
Akkerman
- External assessor for academic promotions in the UK
- Examiner for international PhD students (Sweden, South Africa)
- Member of the Koninklijke Hollandse Maatschappij der Wetenschappen
- Member of the organising committee of the Composites symposium within the yearly Esaform
conference (Akkerman, since 2002)
- Member of the organising committee of the Esaform 2009 conference (Akkerman)
De Boer
- Local director of the Dutch graduate school Engineering Mechanics
- Member of the accreditation committee for the Departments of Electrical-Mechanical Engineering at
the Flemish universities of Brussels, Gent and Leuven. (De Boer, in 2004)
- Member of Organizing committee of International Forum on Aero-elasticity and Structural Dynamics
2003, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Chairman of PATON committee “Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design” and member of
Advisory board of PATON
Doree
- Member of Scientific Advisory Board of the “Revaluing Construction” conference 2005
- Member of the program board, examination committee of the part time MBA for construction industry;
TSM Business School
Major Research Programs:
- Co-initiator (and Scientific Chairman) BSIK program PSIBouw, total budget € 34 M
- Co-initiator IPT Research Program on Construction, budget € 30 M
Awards:
- Best scientific paper Award (2007) at 1st Manubuild International Conference Rotterdam, The
Netherlands
Durmiscevic
Chairs:
- Co-chair of International CIB conference on Smart and Sustainable built environment held at Delft
University of Technology 15-20 June 2009. www.sasbe.com
- Chair of International CIB conference on Life cycle Design of Buildings systems and Materials held at
University Twente 12-15 June 2009. www.cms2009.net
- Chair of Sarajevo Design Week – Green Design held at University Sarajevo 04-11 September 2009.
www.sarajevodesignweek.com
Invited lectures:
- Twents Museum of Technology HEIM in Hengelo, 11 January 2009: Lecture Potential of Individual
Sustainable and Flexible Buildings
- Jerusalem Seminar in Architecture January 2009: Green Design from Theory to Practice ‘Green Design
and Assembly of Buildings’
- Penn State University, US 15 February 2009: Seminar to discuss green assembly/disassembly of
buildings
- RecyclArt Brussels: NO SPEED TO WASTE - SUSTAIN DYNAMICS
- Sarajevo Design Week September 2009: Design for Transformation and Disassembly of Buildings and
Systems
Halman
Awards:
- Best scientific paper Award (2007) at 1st Manubuild International Conference Rotterdam, The
Netherlands
- Best scientific paper Award (2006) at 6th International research conference in the built and human
environment, 6-7 April 2006, Delft, The Netherlands, 1st prize
Other:
- Visiting professor at University of the Netherlands Antilles, chair Technology & Sustainable development
- Visiting professor at University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics
Van der Heide
- Member of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (since 2008)
- Member Board Dutch Tribological Society of the Bond voor Materialenkennis (since 2007)
- Senior Scientist / Leading Technologist Dutch organisation for applied scientific research TNO (since 2008)
Koopman
- Session/symposium organiser and chair at different international conferences
Masen
- Conference Chair Tribology for Energy Generation and Efficiency, London, UK, 17 Feb 2010
- Invited lecture: Tribology of the Human Skin, National Centre for Advanced Tribology (nCATS),
Southampton University, United Kingdom, 21 Feb 2010
- Visiting Scientist, TNO Science & Industry, 2007-present
- Visiting Researcher, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan – 2003
- Winner Young Investigators Award – International Tribology Conference Austrib’02, Perth, Australia,
Dec 2002
Poelman
- Board member Royal Institute of Engineers, Department of Industrial Design Engineering 1983-1998.
Honorary member from 2000 onward
- Member Pato section mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design, 1988-1998
- Member General Board of Bond voor Materialenkennis 1998-2003
- Member assessment committee HBO Mechanical Engineering, 1999
Chairs:
- Nationaal Kunststoffencongres 2009
- Conference Materials Engineering 2009 Eindhoven
Juries:
- GIO Erkenningen 2008/2009 (chair) (Dutch Design awards)
- PRS prize for ergonomics
- Materials Engineering Prize 2009
Schipper
- Examiner for international PhD students (Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden)
- Member STW jury’s
- Chairman and secretary of the Dutch Tribological Society, Bond van Materialen Kennis
- Member of the programme committee of several symposia, including:
- International Symposium on “Friction, Wear and Wear Protection”, Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Materialkunde, 9-11 April 2008, Aachen, Germany
- International Conference on “Advanced Concepts in Mechanical Engineering‘, 11-13 June 2008, Iasi,
Romania
Sridhar
Awards:
- Best Poster Award 2nd Int. Conference on Print & Media Technology 2007 (Sridhar)
Warnet
- Member of the organising committee of the ESIS TC4 Conference on the Fracture of Polymers,
Composites and Adhesives 2005, 2008 (Warnet)
Wijnant
- Course on Acoustic Source Identification as part of the VKI lecture series on aero-acoustics
One of the pitfalls of a new chair can be an overload of initiatives. However, in the beginning an
abundance of initiatives is also necessary because of the fact that not all initiatives will lead to funding.
Within the context of the research programme Product Realisation, some results can be already been
mentioned after one year.
A research policy was developed.
An assistant professor (Beusenberg) was hired and given the task to acquire his or her PhD in technology
diffusion among other things.
Two PhD students have started, financed by the Universities of Professional Education. (Sociality and ECC).
One PhD student is on regional funding through the Cartesius Institute (Mobility).
One post-doc is on a grant from the research institute Impact (enriched expression of humanoids).
Several applications for funding are pending, which could lead to:
One PhD student funded by the NWO programme Complexity on Crime Science;
-- One PhD student from Pioneering, on foamed concrete);
-- Two PhD students within the STW programme (Creative Industry) on mobility;
-- One PhD student within the STW programme (Creative Industry) on robotics and design;
-- One researcher within the Kenniswerkers programme (pp recycling for construction).
Another result is the intensive cooperation with several chairs (also presented in this evaluation).
As Product Realisation is interpreted as bridging technology and product design, this cooperation is of
great importance.
In the one-year period, the chair was involved in several international activities, such as juries,
organisation commissions and as chair at conferences.
One special activity is the initialisation of an academic issue of the professional magazine Product, of
which the chair holder will be chief editor.
A project management structure is indispensable for the successful development of the group. This is one
of the reasons for hiring an assistant professor with a great deal of experience in this field and who has
the potential to grow to an associate professor level.
Until this evaluation, there has been no formal external validation by means of an assessment e.g.
However, a lot of value is attributed to industry. Continuous validation of research activities takes place
through intensive contacts with companies.
As explained before, the research group Product Realisation has just started and counts, besides the
professor, only one staff member, Marc Beusenberg. However, much effort is put into the involvement of
other chairs in the research programme: This is considered to be part of the task of the group.
Therefore, we have integrated those projects of other chairs in our programme that could be of importance
for the realisation of future products. Such projects can be identified in the chairs of professors Akkerman,
Schipper, De Boer, Halman, Dorée, Koopman and Van der Heide.
Discussion takes place on a regular basis. Therefore, we decided to include these chairs in Table 4, but
only for a limited amount of research fte.
Table 4 Total research staff at programme level (in fte)
Product Realisation
Full professors
Prof dr ir W.A. Poelman
Prof dr ir R. Akkerman
Prof dr ir D.J. Schipper
Prof dr ir A. de Boer
Prof dr ir J.I.M. Halman
Prof dr ir A.G. Dorée
Prof dr ir H.J.M. Koopman
Prof dr E. van der Heide
Associate Professors
Dr ir H.J.M. Koopman
Dr ir L. Warnet
Dr ir Y.H. Wijnant
Dr ir M.A.Masen
Dr E. Durmisevic
Dr M. Beusenberg
Non-tenured staff
Dr ir R.H.W. ten Thije
Ir L. Hoiting
Ir J.C. Alkema
Ir B. Bolink
Ir K. Couscheir
Ir R. Unal
PhD students
Ir M.A. Masen
Ir R.H.W. ten Thije
Ir H.A Visser
A. Sridhar MSc
Ir W.J.B. Grouve
Ir E. Hofman
Ir N. Veijgen
N.V. Rodriguez Pareja MSc
Ir J.T. Bouma
V. Arora, MSc
Ir J. van Kuilenburg
P.L. Siahaya MSc
Ir T. Ooijevaar
Ir J.C. Nijs
Ir A. Bergsma
144 B3 · PRODUCT REALISATION 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.07
0.10
0.10
0.02
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.06
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.07
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.07
0.10
1
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.07
1
1
1
1
3
0.10
0.05
0.10
0.05
0.10
0.05
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.10
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.59
0.65
0.71
0.77
0.82
0.27
Funding
1
1
1
1
1
1/3
1
?
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0.10
0.62
0.72
1.31
0.10
0.61
0.71
1.36
0.10
0.80
0.27
0.05
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.40
1.17
1.88
2.85
3.62
0.53
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
4.00
4.82
Sum
2003-08 2009
0.03
0.57
0.60
0.60
0.47
0.37
0.13
0
0.40
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.07
0.10
0.02
0.47
0.95
0.60
0.30
0.25
0.10
0
4.49
0.10
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.10
1.44
0.80
1.07
0.50
PM
PM
PM
PM
PM
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.67
0.13
0.09
0.07
4.96
5.91
0.35
3.36
2.67
2.40
2.00
1.60
0.67
0.13
0.09
0.07
0
0
0
0
0
14.41
18.73
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.09
0.80
0.73
0.73
0.13
0.20
0.20
7.98
9.62
It is important to notice that, in the tables below, funding is restricted to the chair which is directly related
to IDE. The reason is that there recently evaluations have been carried out of the research in mechanical
and civil engineering. Double evaluation is avoided by leaving them out.
Funding in K euro
2007
2008
Direct funding
0
0
Research funding
0
0
0
5
Other
0
0
Total
0
5
Funding in %
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2005
2006
2007
2008
Direct funding
2006
0
0
Research funding
0
0
0
100
Other
0
0
Total
100%
100%
Key Publications
-- Poelman, W.A. & Keyson, D. (Eds.). (2008). Design Processes, What Architects & Industrial
Designers can teach each other about managing the design process. Amsterdam: IO Press BV (ISBN
9781586039455)
-- Masen, M.A., (2010) A system based approach to tactile friction”, Journal of Mechanical Behaviour of
Biomedical Materials.(Accepted for publication)
-- Nijhof, M.J.J., Beltman, W.M., Wijnant, Y.H., & Boer, A. de (2005). Structural and acoustic noise
radiated by CD drives. In NOISE-CON 2005. Minneapolis, USA: NOISE-CON 2005
-- Hofer, A.P. & Halman, J.I.M. (2005). The potential of layout platforms for modular complex products and
systems. Journal of engineering design and technology, (ISSN 1726-0531), 16(2), 237-258
-- Durmisevic, E. (Ed.). (2009). CMS 2009 conference on lifecycle design of buildings, systems and
materials, CIB W115 construction materials stewardship, 12-15 June 2009, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Enschede, the Netherlands: CIB (ISBN 978-90-9024420-4)
-- Forner Cordero A., Koopman H.F.J.M., Helm F.C.T. van der (2006): Inverse dynamics calculations during
gait with restricted ground reaction forces information from pressure insoles. Gait and Posture 23,
pp.189-199
Product Realisation
Academic
publications
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
a. PhD. Theses
+ external
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
b. In refereed
journals
1
2
2
3
1
3
12
9
c. Conference
Proceedings
1
2
6
9
11
21
50
1
d. Monographs and
editorial books
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
2
0
1
1
5
1
Total
2
5
10
12
14
26
70
13
0
5
3
0
1
4
12
7
Patents
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
e. Book chapters
Sum
2003-08 2009
2003
RESEARCH PROGRAMME
Future Perspective
Product Realisation refers to one of the most challenging questions of modern society. Within the
context of Industrial design engineering it could be regarded as the third wave. In the first wave the
manufacturing problem was the starting point. In the second wave the design problem was the starting
point and in the third wave the relation of technology to human values has become the starting point. This third wave has just started, however, several chairs are direct or indirect involved in this issue, in
contexts such as robotics, ethics and care. The choice, to have society pull as a starting point, promises to open the road to a lot of interesting
research. However, new technology as a starting point should not be forgotten. Many new, unexpected
opportunities arise from the potentialities resulting from research, inside and outside the university.
Strengths
The strengths of the research group can be mainly found in the existence of a lot of technical research
groups in the close neighbourhood, and in the availability of gamma sciences within the university.
Also a solid, mainly national, network helps with setting up interdisciplinary research projects
Weaknesses
Weaknesses are the small scale of the research programme and little academic reputation till now.
Opportunities
An opportunity is the relative newness of the research topic. There is still the possibility to acquire an
international position in this area.
Another opportunity is a growing awareness of the threats of a fast growing industrialisation and
informatisation of our society. This is reflected in the title of Poelman’s oration of 8 october 2009, titled
“Product Realism”. Research is necessary with respect to the unlimited process of product realisation.
Threats
An important threat is the decreasing availability of funding for research. Another threat is the difficulty of explaining the mission of the program in general, which implies a variety
of subjects.
External
The cooperation with the other two industrial design departments in Delft and Enschede will be of great
importance for the development of the research program, but also cooperation with other research
institutes and business organisations.
Analysis
It can be concluded that a lot of activities are initiated in one year. This is enabled by the “flying start”
resulting from existing activities in the faculty and from former activities of the new professor. After one year we are at the point of making an inventory of all the research (and funding) opportunities.
Next year a program will have to be consolidated. Weak initiatives will be skipped and strong initiatives
will receive a lot of attention from the point of management.
Academic publications - a. PhD. Theses + external
2007
Thije, R.H.W. ten (2007, September 21). Finite element simulation of laminated composite forming processes. University of
Twente (128 pag.) (Enschede: University of Twente) (ISBN 978-90-365-2546-6). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir R. Akkerman and
Prof dr ir J. Huetink (ISBN 978-90-365-2546-6)
2009
Geffen, P. van (2009, May 14). Dynamic sitting. University of Twente (208 pag.) (Enschede, The Netherlands: University of
Twente) (ISBN 978-90-365-2840-5). Prom./coprom.: Prof dr ir H.F.J.M. Koopman and Prof dr ir P.H. Veltink (ISBN 978-90365-2840-5)
2003
Halman, J.I.M., Hofer, A.P. & Vuuren, W. (2003). Platform driven development of product families: Linking theory with
practice. Journal of product innovation management, (ISSN 0737-6782), 20(2), 149-162
2004
Doree, A.G. & Holmen, E. A. K. S. (2004). Achieving the unlikely : innovating in the loosely coupled construction system. DOI1
0.1080/01446190420001290225. Construction management and economics, (ISSN 0144-6193), 22(8), 827-838
Halman, J.I.M. & Hofer, A. (2004). Complex products and systems: potential from using lay out platforms. Artificial
intelligence for engineering design, analysis and manufacturing, (ISSN 0890-0604), 18(1), 55-69
2005
Hofer, A.P. & Halman, J.I.M. (2005). The potential of layout platforms for modular complex products and systems. Journal of
engineering design and technology, (ISSN 1726-0531), 16(2), 237-258
Pries, F. & Doree, A.G. (2005). A century of innovation in the Dutch construction industry. Construction management and
economics, (ISSN 0144-6193), 23(6), 561-564
2006
Akkerman, R., Lamers, E.A.D. & Wijskamp, S. (2006). An integral model for high precision composite forming. Revue
européenne de méchanique numérique = European journal of computational mechanics, (ISSN 1250-6559), 15(4), 359-377
Hofman, E., Halman, J.I.M. & Ion, R.A. (2006). Variation in housing design: Identifying customer preferences. Housing
studies, (ISSN 0267-3037), 21(6), 931-945
Veenstra, V., Halman, J.I.M. & Voordijk, J. T. (2006). A methodology for developing product platforms in the specific setting
of the housebuilding industry. Research in engineering design, (ISSN 0934-9839), 17(3), 157-173
2007
Thije, R.H.W. ten, Akkerman, R. & Huetink, J. (2007). Large deformation simulation of anisotropic material using an updated
Lagrangian finite element method. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, (ISSN 0045-7825), 196(3334), 3141-3150
2008
Geffen, P. van, Molier, B.I., Reenalda, J., Veltink, P.H. & Koopman, H.F.J.M. (2008). Body segments decoupling in sitting:
control of body posture from automatic chair adjustments. Journal of biomechanics, (ISSN 0021-9290), 41(16), 3419-3425
Grouve, W.J.B., Warnet, L., Boer, A. de, Akkerman, R. & Vlekken, J. (2008). Delamination detection with fibre Bragg gratings
based on dynamic behaviour. Composites science and technology, (ISSN 0266-3538), 68(12), 2418-2424
Halman, J.I.M., Voordijk, J. T. & Reymen, I. M.M. J. (2008). Modular Approaches in Dutch House building: An Exploratory
Survey. Housing studies, (ISSN 0267-3037), 23(5), 781-799
2009
Bruijn, H.P. de, Thije, R.H.W. ten & Johannes, S. (2009). Mastopexy with mesh reinforcement: The mechanical characteristics
of polyester mesh in the female breast. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, (ISSN 0032-1052), 124(2), 364-371
Durmisevic, E. & Yeang, K. (2009). Designing for disassembly (DfD) (Special Issue: Patterns of architecture). Architectural
design, (ISSN 0003-8504), 79(6), 134-137
Hofman, E., Voordijk, J.T. & Halman, J.I.M. (2009). Matching supply networks to a modular product architecture in the
house-building industry. Building research and information, (ISSN 0961-3218), 37(1), 31-42
Rutten, M.E.J., Doree, A.G. & Halman, J.I.M. (2009). Innovation and interorganisational cooperation: a synthesis of
literature. Construction innovation, (ISSN 1471-4175), 9(3), 285-297. [on line]. Available from: www.emeraldinsight.
com/1471-4175.htm [04-01-2009]
Sridhar, A., Dijk, D.J. van & Akkerman, R. (2009). Inkjet printing and adhesion characterisation of conductive tracks on a
commercial printed circuit board material. Thin solid films, (ISSN 0040-6090), 517(16), 4633-4637
Sridhar, A., Reiding, J., Adelaar, H., Achterhoek, F., Dijk, D.J. van & Akkerman, R. (2009). Inkjet-printing- and electrolessplating- based fabrication of RF circuit structures on high-frequency substrates. Journal of micromechanics and
microengineering, (ISSN 0960-1317), 19(8)
Stienen, A.H.A., Hekman, E.E. G., Helm, F.C.T. van der & Kooij, H. van der (2009). Self-Aligning Exoskeleton Axes Through
Decoupling of Joint Rotations and Translations. IEEE transactions on robotics, (ISSN 1552-3098), 25(3), 628-633
Thije, R.H.W. ten & Akkerman, R. (2009). A multi-layer triangular membrane finite element for the forming simulation of
laminated composites. Composites Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, (ISSN 1359-835X), 40(6-7), 739-753
Visser, H.A., Warnet, L. & Akkerman, R. (2009). An attempt to use scratch tests to predict the residual lifetime of
unplasticised poly(vinyl chloride) pipes,. Engineering fracture mechanics, (ISSN 0013-7944), 76(18), 2698-2710
Academic publications - C. Conference proceedings
2003
Thije, R.H.W. ten, Loendersloot, R. & Akkerman, R. (2003). Material characterisation for finite element simulations of draping
with non-crimp fabrics. In V. Brucato (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming
(pp. 859-862). Salerno, Italie (ISBN 88-7676-211-6)
2004
Hofer, A.P. & Halman, J.I.M. (2004). The potential of layout platforms for modular complex products and systems. In I.
Horváth & P. Xirouchakis (Eds.), Tools and methods of competitive engineering. Proceedings of the fifth international
symposium on tools and methods of competitive engineering, Lausanne, Switserland,13-17 April 2004, Vol II (pp. 573-585).
Rotterdam. The Netherlands: Millpress (ISBN 90-5966-018-8)
Wang, Q., Chai, K.H., Brombacher, A.C. & Halman, J.I.M. (2004). Managing risk in modular product development. In M. Xie,
T.S. Durrani & H.K. Tang (Eds.), IEMC 2004 Innovation and entrepreneurship for sustainable development, Proceedings of
the IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, Vol. 2, 18-21 October 2004, Singapore, Thailand (pp. 815-819).
Singapore: IEEE (ISBN 0-7803-8519-5). Available from: 2004 IEEE, Singapore (ISBN 0-7803-8519-5)
2005
Eger, A.O. & Boer, A. de (2005). Emerging Technology Design: A new MSc course at bringing emerging technologies its
break through applications. In P. Rodgers, L. Brodhurst & D. Hepburn (Eds.), Crossing design boundaries. Proceedings of
the Engineering and Product Design Education, 15-16 September 2005, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Vol 1 part 4 (pp. 121-126).
USA: Routledge (ISBN 978-0-415-39118-4)
Hofman, E. & Halman, J.I.M. (2005). Identifying customer preferences for housing projects. In A.C.J.M. Eekhout (Ed.),
Proceedings of Concept House 1, Towards customised industrial housing, Delft, The Netherlands, 22 June 2005 (pp. 111125). Delft (ISBN 90-5269-328-5)
Nijhof, M.J.J., Beltman, W.M., Wijnant, Y. H. & Boer, A. de (2005). Acoustic modelling of fan noise generation and scattering
in a modular duct system. In ICSV 2005. Lisbon
Nijhof, M.J.J., Beltman, W.M., Wijnant, Y.H., & Boer, A. de (2005). Structural and acoustic noise radiated by CD drives. In
NOISE-CON 2005. Minneapolis, USA: NOISE-CON 2005
Thije, R.H.W. ten, Loendersloot, R. & Akkerman, R. (2005). Drape simulation of non-crimp fabrics. In D. Banabic (Ed.),
Proceedings of the 8th Esaform Conference on Material Forming, 27-29 April 2005, Cluj-Napoca, Rumania (pp. 991-994).
Bucharest, Rumania: The Publishing House of the Romanian Academy (ISBN 973-27-1175-2)
Thije, R.H.W. ten & Akkerman, R. (2005). Finite element simulation of draping with non-crimp fabrics (cd-rom). In V.E.
Verijenko, S. Adali, E. Morozov & C.J. von Klemperer (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th ICCM Conference (ICCM-15) 27 June-1
July 2005, Durban, South-Africa. Oxford, UK: Elsevier (ISBN 1-86840-589-3). Available from: 2005 Elsevier, Oxford, UK (ISBN
1-86840-589-3)
2006
Caerteling, J.S., Halman, J.I.M. & Doree, A.G. (2006). Determinants in the process of technology development and adoption
in the public domain: a multiple case study. In D. Amaratunga, R. Haigh, R. Vrijhoef, M. Hamblett & C. van den Broek (Eds.),
Proceedings of the 6th International postgraduate research conference in the built and human environment. Delft, The
Netherlands, 6-7 April 2006 (pp. 608-618). Salford, UK: SCRI (ISBN 0 902896962)
Caerteling, J.S., Halman, J.I.M. & Doree, A.G. (2006). Technology commercialisation in the public sector: a multiple case
study. In R. Verganti & T. Buganza (Eds.), Proceedings of 13th International Product Development Management Conference,
Milan, Italy, 12-13 June 2006 (pp. 217-231). Milan, Italy: EIASM
Caerteling, J.S., Halman, J.I.M. & Doree, A.G. (2006). Technology commercialisation in the public sector: how government
affects the variation and appropriability of technology. In M. Song & R. Litan (Eds.), Conference Proceeding for the 2006
Kauffman Foundation and IEI Research Conference on Technology Commercialisation and Entrepreneurship, Kansas City
(Missouri), USA, 2-3 November 2006. Kansas City, USA: IEI / Kauffman foundation
Halman, J.I.M., Gehner, E. & Jonge, H. de (2006). Risk management in the Dutch real estate development sector: a survey.
In D. Amaratunga, R. Haigh, R. Vrijhoef, M. Hamblett & C. van den Broek (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International
postgraduate research conference in the built and human environment. Delft, The Netherlands, 6-7 April 2006 (pp. 541552). Salford, UK: SCRI (ISBN 0 902896962)
Hofman, E. & Halman, J.I.M. (2006). Variation in housing design: Identifying customer preferences. In D. Amaratunga, R.
Haigh, R. Vrijhoef, M. Hamblett & C. van den Broek (Eds.), 6th International Postgraduate Research Conference, Salford
University & TU Delft, International Built & Human Environment research week, 6-7 april 2006. (pp. 351-368). Salford, UK:
SCRI (ISBN 0 90289662)
Stienen, A.H.A., Helm, F.C.T. van der, Prange, G.P., Jannink, M.J.A. & Kooij, H. van der (2006). Effects of Gravity
Compensation on the Range-of-Motion of the Upper Extremities in Robotic Rehabilitation after Stroke (CD-ROM). http://isg.
case.edu/isg2006. In J Dewald (Ed.), Proceedings of 2006 ISG meeting. Chicago, Ill, USA: NU-PT-HMS. Available from: 2006
NU-PT-HMS, Chicago, Ill, USA [10-09-2006]
Thije, R.H.W. ten, Akkerman, R. & Huetink, J. (2006). Large deformation simulation of anisotropic material. In N. Juster &
A. Rosochowski (Eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International ESAFORM conference on Material Forming, 26-28 April 2006,
Glasgow, UK (pp. 803-806). Glasgow, UK: Publishing House Akapit (ISBN 83-89541-68-8)
Wang, Q., Brombacher, A.C., Halman, J.I.M. & Chai, K.H. (2006). Managerial practices in platform based modular
product development: An exploratory study. In R. Verganti & T. Buganza (Eds.), Proceedings of 13th International Product
Development Management Conference, Milan, Italy, 12-13 June 2006 (pp. 1537-1555). Milan, Italy: EIASM
Warnet, L., Hulskamp, A. W. & Akkerman, R. (2006). Damage development around moulded-in holes in flat braided
composites (CD-ROM). In A. Long (Ed.), In 8th International conference on Textile Composities, TEXCOMP-8, 16-18 October
2006, Nottingham, UK. Nottingham, UK: University of Nottingham
2007
Akkerman, R. & Villa Rodriguez, B. H. (2007). Braiding simulation and slip evaluation for arbitrary mandrels. In E. Cueto & F.
Chinesta (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th International ESAFORM conference on Material Forming (pp. 1074-1079). Zaragoza,
Spain: American Institute of Physics (ISBN 978-0-7354-0414-4)
Halman, J.I.M. (2007). Industrial building systems design and engineering: Accelerating change through research and
education. In U. Knaack & T. Klein (Eds.), The Future Envelope, Will the future create the façade or will the façade create the
future? Symposium, 11 June 2007 Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands (pp. 97-109)
Hofman, E., Voordijk, J. T. & Halman, J.I.M. (2007). Aligning product architecture design and sourcing decisions in the
house building industry. In R. Lemming (Ed.), Purchasing & supply research: practice makes perfect. 16th annual IPSERA
conference, 1-4 April 2007, Bath, UK (pp. 1-12). Bath, UK: CIPS. Available from: [04-01-2007]
Hofman, E., Halman, J.I.M. & Voordijk, J. T. (2007). Aligning product architecture design and sourcing decisions in the
house-building industry. In M. Sharp (Ed.), The transformation of the Industry - Open building manufacturing. Proceedings of
the first international Manubuild conference. 25-26 April 2007, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (pp. 323-333). Londen, UK: Ciria
(ISBN 978-0-86017-710-4)
Hofman, E., Halman, J.I.M. & Voordijk, J. T. (2007). Design by sourcing, how to create variety economically. In M Garvin, F.
Edum Fotwe & P. Chinowski (Eds.), Proceedings of ASCE Construction Research Congress, Grand Bahama island, May 6-8,
2007 (ISBN 0-9707869-1-3)
Huerne, H.L. ter, Miller, S. R. & Doree, A.G. (2007). New technologies in the paving process need to be based on ‘common
practice’ and ‘operator’s heuristics’. In H.D. Lee & M.A. Bhatti (Eds.), 5th International Conference on Maintenance and
Rehabilitation of Pavements and Technological Control (Mairepav5), park City, Utah, USA, 8-10 August 2007 (pp. 109-114)
Kampinga, W. R., Wijnant, Y. H. & Boer, A. de (2007). The coupling of a hearing aid loudspeaker membrane to visco-thermal
air layers. In B. Randall (Ed.), 14th International Congres on Sound Vibration. Cairns, Australia
Miller, S. R., Huerne, H.L. ter & Doree, A.G. (2007). Understanding asphalt compaction: An action research strategy. In D.
Amaratunga, R. Haigh, L. Ruddock & M. Alshawi (Eds.), 7th International Postgraduate Research Conference, 28 -29 March
2007, Salford, UK (pp. 456-466). Salford, UK: Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment, University of Salford
(ISBN 978-10905732-22-7)
Rutten, M.E.J., Doree, A.G. & Halman, J.I.M. (2007). Interorganisational cooperation in innovation: the role of systems
integrators (Best paper award winner). In M. Sharp (Ed.), The Transformation of the Industry - Open building manufacturing.
Proceedings of the 1st Manubuild International Conference, 25-26 April 2007, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (pp. 1-13). London,
UK: Ciria (ISBN 978-0-86017-710-4). Available from: 2007 Ciria, London, UK (ISBN 978-0-86017-710-4) [04-25-2007]
Visser, H.A., Engels, T.A.P., Govaert, L.E. & Bor, T.C. (2007). A new engineering approach to predict the hydrostatic strength
of uPVC pipes (CD-rom). In M Rigdahl (Ed.), Proceedings of PPS E/A 2007. Gotenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of
Technology (ISBN CD-Rom)
Wang, Q., Chai, K.H., Halman, J.I.M. & Brombacher, A.C. (2007). Risk and risk management strategies in product platform
development. In Proceedings of the R&D management conference, Risk and uncertainty in R&D management, 4-6 July,
Bremen, Germany. Bremen, Germany: Radma (ISBN 0-9549916-9-9.). Available from: 2007 Radma, Bremen, Germany (ISBN
0-9549916-9-9.) [07-04-2007]
2008
Avendano Castillo, J., Al-jibouri, S.H.S. & Halman, J.I.M. (2008). Conceptual model for failure costs management in
construction. In 5th international conference on innovation in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), 23-25 June
2008, Antalya, Turkey
Doree, A.G. & Miller, S. R. (2008). Is technology a new challenge for the field of construction management? In A. Dainty
(Ed.), Proceedings 24th ARCOM Conference, 1-3 September 2008, Cardiff, UK (pp. 175-184). Reading, UK: Arcom (ISBN
0-9552390-1-X). Available from: 2008 Arcom, Reading, UK (ISBN 0-9552390-1-X)
Duren, J. van & Doree, A.G. (2008). An evaluation of performance information procurement system (on cd-rom). In B.A.
Allen, L. de Boer & L. Gormley (Eds.), Enhancing Best Practices in Public Procurement. 3rd International public procurement
conference, 28-30 August 2008, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Zoetermeer: Nevi. Available from: 2008 Nevi, Zoetermeer
[08-28-2008]
Entrop, A.G., Brouwers, H.J.H., Dewulf, G.P.M.R. & Halman, J.I.M. (2008). Decision making processes and the adoption of
energy saving techniques in residential and commercial real estate. In J. McCarthy & G. Foliente (Eds.), World Sustainable
Building Conference 2008, September 21-25, Melbourne, Australia (pp. 1 (1461)-8). Rotterdam: CIB
Geffen, P. van, Molier, B.I., Reenalda, J., Veltink, P.H. & Koopman, H.F.J.M. (2008). A System That Adjusts Chair Configuration for
Desired Postural Change (CD-rom). In Proceedings RESNA 2008 Annual Conference. Washington DC, USA : RESNA
Geffen, P. van & Reenalda, J. (2008). DYNASIT: An Assistive Seating System that Controls Sitting Posture and Regulates
Body Load Associated with Sitting Related Mobility Problems (CD rom). In Proceedings RESNA 2008 Annual Conference.
Washington DC, USA : RESNA
Grouve, W.J.B. & Akkerman, R. (2008). An idealised BC for the meso scale analysis of textile impregnation (CD-rom). In F.
Trochu (Ed.), 9th International Conference on Flow Processes in Composite Materials. Montreal, Canada: Réseau Matériaux
Québec
Grouve, W.J.B., Akkerman, R., Loendersloot, R. & Berg, S. van den (2008). Transverse permeability of woven fabrics (CDrom). In P. Boisse (Ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International ESAFORM conference on Materials Forming. Lyon, France:
Springer Verlag. Available from: 2008 Springer Verlag, Lyon, France
Haanappel, S.P. & Akkerman, R. (2008). Non-Crimp Fabric Permeability Modelling (CD-rom). In F. Trochu (Ed.), 9th
International Conference on Flow Processes in Composite Materials. Montreal, Canada: Réseau Matériaux Québec
Hoezen, M.E.L. & Doree, A.G. (2008). First Dutch competitive dialogue projects: a procurement route caught between
competition and collaboration. In A Dainty (Ed.), Proceedings 24th ARCOM conference, 1-3 September 2008, Cardiff, UK
(pp. 535-543). Reading, UK: Arcom (ISBN 0-9552390-1-x). Available from: 2008 Arcom, Reading, UK (ISBN 0-9552390-1-x)
[01-01-2008]
Hofman, E., Halman, J.I.M. & Voordijk, J. T. (2008). Architectural innovation in a loosely coupled network, how to
compensate for loose-coupling and inertia. In H. Koller, C. Herstatt & T. Teichert (Eds.), 15the EIASM international product
development management conference, 30 June-1 July 2008, Hamburg, Germany Vol. 2008. EIASM international product
development management conference, (ISSN 1998-7374) (pp. 1 (75)-23). Brussels: EIASM
Hermkens, R.J.M., Wolters, M., Weller, J. & Visser, H.A. (2008). PVC pipes in gas distribution: still going strong! In Z.
Davidovski, P. Belloir & J. Fumire (Eds.), Proceedings Plastic Pipes Symposium XIV. Budapest, Hungary
Miller, S.R., Doree, A.G., Huerne, H.L. ter & Sluer, B. (2008). Paving the way forward: A case study in innovation and process
control. In E. Beuving (Ed.), Asphalt - roads for life. proceedings 4th Eurasphalt and Eurobitume Congress, 21-23 May 2008,
Copenhagen, Denmark (pp. 204-208). Copenhagen, denmark: Eurasphalt (ISBN 978-90-802884-5-4). Available from: 2008
Eurasphalt, Copenhagen, denmark (ISBN 978-90-802884-5-4) [05-21-2008]
Parlapalli, M.S.R. Pathi, Bor, T.C., Warnet, L. & Akkerman, R. (2008). Damage healing in thermoplastic composite plates by
employing shape memory alloy wires (on USB stick). In Leif Asp (Ed.), Proceedings of ECCM13- 13th European Conference on
Composite Materials. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Institute of Composites; Royal Institute of Technology
Reinders, A.H.M.E. & Boer, A. de (2008). Product-integrated PV - Innovative design methods for PV-powered products. In
European Commission & DG Joint Research Center (Eds.), 23rd EU Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (pp.
3321-3324). Valencia, Spain: WIP Renewable Energies (ISBN 3936338248)
Rutten, M.E.J., Doree, A.G. & Halman, J.I.M. (2008). How companies without the benefit of authority create innovation
through collaboration. In A. Dainty (Ed.), Proceedings 24th ARCOM conference, 1-3 September 2008, Cardiff, UK (pp. 557-566).
Reading, UK: Arcom (ISBN 0-9552390-1-x). Available from: 2008 Arcom, Reading, UK (ISBN 0-9552390-1-x) [01-01-2008]
Rutten, M.E.J., Halman, J.I.M. & Doree, A.G. (2008). Fostering commitment to cooperate when leading interorganisational
innovation. In H. Koller, C. Herstatt & T. Teichert (Eds.), 15the EIASM international product development management
conference, 30 June-1 July 2008, Hamburg, Germany Vol. 2008. EIASM international product development management
conference, (ISSN 1998-7374) (pp. 183-193). Brussels: EIASM
Sridhar, A., Dijk, D.J. van & Akkerman, R. (2008). Inkjet printing of functional inks on PCB materials. In John Ling (Ed.), EIPC
Winter Conference. Rome, Italy: Circuit World
Thije, R.H.W. ten, Akkerman, R., Meer, L. van der & Ubbink, M.P. (2008). Tool-ply friction in thermoplastic composite forming
(CD-rom). In P. Boisse (Ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International ESAFORM conference on Materials Forming. Lyon-France:
Springer Verlag. Available from: 2008 Springer Verlag, Lyon-France
Visser, H.A., Wolters, M., Bor, T.C., Engels, T.A.P. & Govaert, L. E. (2008). A new engineering approach to predict the longterm hydrostatic strength of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) pipes. In S. Patrick (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10th International
PVC Conference (pp. 377-387). Brighton, UK: IOM Communications, Brighton, UK
Visser, H.A., Hermkens, R.J.M., Wolters, M., Weller, J. & Warnet, L. (2008). Excellent impact performance of PVC pipeline
materials in gas distribution networks after many years of service (CD-rom). In C. Beckervordersandforth, G.H.B. Verberg & M.
Kramer (Eds.), Proceedings of International Gas Union Research. Paris, France: IGRC. Available from: 2008 IGRC, Paris, France
2009
Poelman, W.A. (2009). Supply driven architecture (SDA). In E. Durmisevic (Ed.), CMS 2009 conference on lifecycle design
of buildings, systems and materials, CIB W115 construction materials stewardship, 12-15 June 2009, Enschede, The
Netherlands (pp. 110-117). Enschede, the Netherlands: CIB (ISBN 978-90-9024420-4)
2008
Poelman, W.A. & Keyson D. (Eds.). (2008). Design Processes, What Architects & Industrial Designers can teach each other
about managing the design process. Amsterdam: IO Press BV (ISBN 9781586039455)
2009
Durmisevic, E. (Ed.). (2009). CMS 2009 conference on lifecycle design of buildings, systems and materials, CIB W115
construction materials stewardship, 12-15 June 2009, Enschede, The Netherlands. Enschede, the Netherlands: CIB (ISBN
978-90-9024420-4)
2004
Verkerke, G.J., Mahieu, H. F., Geertsema, A.A., Hermann, I.F., Horn, J. R. van, Hummel, J.M., Loon, J. P. van, Mihaylov, D.,
Plaats, A. van der, Schraffordt Koops, H., Schutte, H.K., Veth, R. P.H., Vries, M.P. de & Rakhorst, G. (2004). Medical Devices.
In Biomedical Devices and their Applications (pp. 119-200). Berlin: Springer-Verlag (ISBN 3-540-22204-9)
2005
Doree, A.G. & Pries, F. (2005). Construction industry paradigm: the final frontier. In R. Shields & A. Manseau (Eds.), Building
tomorrow: Innovation in construction and engineering (pp. 139-156). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate publishing Ltd (ISBN 978-0754-6437-8-6).
Halman, J.I.M., Hofer, A.P. & Vuuren, W. (2005). Platform-driven development of product families, linking theory with
practice. In T.W. Simpson, Z. Siddique & R. Jiao (Eds.), Product Platform and Product Family Design: Methods and
Applications (pp. 27-49). New York, USA: Springer Science + Business media (ISBN 0-38-7257-21-7)
2007
Boisse, P., Akkerman, R., Cao, J., Chen, J. & Long, A.C. (2007). Composites forming. In P. Chinesta & E. Cueto (Eds.),
Advances in material forming (pp. 61-79). Paris, France: Springer Verlag (ISBN 978-2-287-72142-7)
2008
Halman, J.I.M. (2008). Industrial building systems design and engineering: accelerating change through research and
education. In U. Knaack & T. Klein (Eds.), T he Future Envelope, A multidisciplinary approach ( Research in Architectural
Engineering series, Vol. 8, 1873-6033) (pp. 111-121). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS press (ISBN 978-1-58603-827-4)
2009
Poelman, W.A. & Keyson, D. (2008). Technology diffusions and design. The metabolism of knowledge. In W.A. Poelman & D.
Keyson (Eds.), Design processes. What Architects & Industrial Designers can teach eachother about managing the design
process (pp. 90-107). Amsterdam: IOS Press (ISBN 9781586039455)
Professional publications
2004
Boes, J., Doree, A.G. & Veen, B.T.M. van (2004). Grote ingenieursbureaus op zoek naar perspectief. Building business, (ISSN
1567-9381), 6(5), 16-19
Halman, J.I.M. & Keizer, J.A. (2004). Platform gedreven ontwikkeling van productfamilies. In P.C. de Weerd-Nederhof, B. Van
Looy & K. Visscher (Eds.), Innovatie(f) organiseren (pp. 71-95). Deventer: Kluwer (ISBN 90 13 01782 7)
Halman, J.I.M. (2004). Onderzoek naar platformgedreven innoveren in de bouw. ConcepTueel, (ISSN geen), 13(5), 18-20
Halman, J.I.M. (2004). Platformbenadering voor innovatie in de bouw. Building business, (ISSN 1567-9381), 6(10), 59-59
Halman, J.I.M. (2004). Platformgedreven innoveren in de bouw / Platform driven development in construction. rede
uitgesproken bij het aanvaarden van het ambt van hooglerraar Bouw/infra; innovatie in de bouw (2004, April 8). Enschede:
2005
Doree, A.G. (2005). De bouw innovatiever? InterVisie, (ISSN 1572-204X), 3(4), 10-12
Doree, A.G. (2005). Bouwen aan positieve dynamiek. Verkenningen bouw proces innovatie en bouw informatisering, (ISSN
1871-207X), 2005(12), 3-9
Verkerke, G.J. (2005). Ontwerpen van biomedische producten: over de ruimte, brede blik (2005, May 19). Enschede:
2007
Kampinga, W. R., Wijnant, Y. H. & Boer, A. de (2006). Modelling of a hearing aid receiver. 9th Engineering Mechanics
Symposium: Lunteren (2006, October 26-2006, October 27)
2008
Durmisevic, E. (2008). Introduction - Multi-criteria design matrix. In E. Durmisevic (Ed.), International workshop
Transformable multipurpose pavilion design and construction with the industry (pp. 8-13). Enschede/ Sarajevo/Istanbul:
University of Twente/ University of Sarajevo/Yildiz Technical University (ISBN 978-90-902-3281-2)
Durmisevic, E. (Ed.). (2008). International workshop Transformable multipurpose pavilion design and construction with the
industry. Enschede/ Sarajevo/Istanbul: University of Twente/ University of Sarajevo/Yildiz Technical University (ISBN 97890-902-3281-2)
Doree, A.G. & Caerteling, J.S. (2008). Het renderen van innoveren. Asfalt, (ISSN 0376-6977), 35, 22-24.
Hofman, E. (2008). Keuzevrijheid voor consumenten. Cobouw, (ISSN 0010-0064), 24(10), 1-1
2009
Durmisevic, E. (2009). Bouwen van de toekomst. ConcepTueel, (ISSN geen), 18(1), 14-16
Durmisevic, E. (2009). Introduction to the workshop framework - Design for disassembly of buildings
Multi-criteria design matrix. In E. Durmisevic (Ed.), International design studio 2009.Design for disassembly: Design and build
multipurpose transformable pavilions (pp. 14-21). Enschede/Sarajevo/Istanbul: University of Twente (ISBN 978-90-365-2859-7)
Durmisevic, E. (Ed.). (2009). International design studio 2009. Design for disassembly: Design and build multipurpose
transformable pavilions. Enschede/ Sarajevo/Istanbul: University of Twente/University of Sarajevo/Yildiz Technical
University (ISBN 978-90-365-2859-7)
Hofman, E. (2009). Modulaire bouwsystemen relatief onbekend, systeemontwikkeling vraagt nieuwe regels. Bouwformatie,
(ISSN 1876-8822), 2(1), 12-13
Koopman, H.F.J.M. (2009). De menselijke maat. Aanvaarding van het ambt van hoogleraar biomedische werktuigbouwkunde
(2009, February 12). Enschede: University of Twente
Poelman, W.A. (2009). Haal het maximum uit uw vakantie. Product, (ISSN 0929-7081), 17(5), 4-6
Poelman W.A. (2009) De zes geboden van goed Industrieel Ontwerp. Catalogus Erkenningen Goed Industrieel Ontwerp,
Design Link, Amsterdam, ISBN 978-90-79791-02-6
Publications Wim Poelman Delft
2005
Poelman, W.A. (2005) Design for living. In: M. van Land & L.G.A.J. Reinders (Eds.) International Conference: Doing, thinking,
feeling home. The mental geography of residential environments. (11 pp.) Delft: Onderzoeksinstituut OTB
Poelman, W.A. (2005) & Keyson, D. Eds. (2008) Design processes Amsterdam: IOS press.
Poelman, W.A.(2006) De Mep 2005. Product 13(4) 19-19
2006
Poelman, W.A. (2006) Domotica, technology push or market pull. Product 13(6) 18-19
Poelman, W.A. (2006) De tweede kamer als ontwerpbureau. Product 13(1) 27-27
Poelman, W.A. (2006) Design pressure cooker. Product 13(4) 33-34
2007
Lelieveld, C.M.J.L., Voorbij A.I.M. & Poelman W.A (2007). Adaptable Architecture. In Y. Kit5sitaka (Ed.) Building stock
activation 2007 (pp. 245-252) Tokyo: TAIHEI Printing Co. Ltd.
Poelman, W.A.(2007) Creatief met magnesium. Product 14(5) 14-15
Poelman, W.A. (2007) Design methodology and open building. In: M. Sharp (Ed.) Manubuild. Proceedings of the first
international conference. The transformation of the industry – open building manufacturing. (12 pp.) London: CIRIA
2008
Poelman, W.A, (2008) Productfunction Analysis for the design of goals. TMCE 2008 April 21-25, 2008 Ishmir, Turkey
Poelman, W.A. (2008) Materiaaltechnologie en inclusive design. In: Langdurige zorg en technologie, H.Kort, A. Cordia & L.
de Witte (Eds.) Lemma Den Haag ISBN c)
Poelman, W.A., Robers, K. (2008) Jongens denken in vectoren en meisjes in bitmaps. Product 16 (6) 12-13
Poelman, W.A. (2008) de beleving van mobiliteit. Product 17(6) 2-3
154 B3 · PRODUCT REALISATION

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