Romania

Transcription

Romania

Project no.
015942
Project acronym
CEEC IST NET
Project title
SUPPORT TO ORGANISATIONS FROM THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN
COUNTRIES
Instrument
Specific Support Action
Thematic Priority
Information Society Technologies
Deliverable D 4.1.8 : NATIONAL MAPPING REPORT for ROMANIA
Due date of deliverable: 31st December 2005
Actual submission date: 31st January 2006
Start date of project: 01.02.2005
Duration: 24 months
Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable:
EFPConsulting
Revision:
v1.1
Authors:
FIMAN Development Services, Michael Remes (EFPConsulting Ltd)
Date:
20 April 2006
Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme
(2002-2006)
Dissemination Level
Public
PU
Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services)
PP
Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission
RE
Services)
X
CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission
Services)
CEEC-IST-NET
D4.1.8 Romanian national mapping report
CHANGE CONTROL
DOCUMENT HISTORY
Version
Date
Change History
Author
0.1
01.05.05
Mariana Chintoiu
0.2
17.10.05
Draft
Draft
Organisation
FIMAN
Mariana Chintoiu
FIMAN
0.3
15.11.05
Draft
Mariana Chintoiu
FIMAN
0.4
22.11.05
Draft
Mariana Chintoiu
FIMAN
0.5
29.11.05
Draft
Mariana Chintoiu
FIMAN
0.6
01.12.05
Draft
Mariana Chintoiu
FIMAN
0.61
08.01.06
QA
Michael Remes
EFPConsulting Ltd
0.62
08.01.06
QA
Dana Remes
EFPConsulting Ltd
0.63
08.01.06
QA
Myer Morron
EFPConsulting Ltd
0.7
15.01.06
Updated with ISTMentor Comparison
Michael Remes
EFPConsulting Ltd
1.0
22.01.06
Final
Michael Remes
EFPConsulting Ltd
1.1
30.03.06
Final
Mariana Chintoiu
FIMAN
1.1v1
20.04.06
Final QA’d
Michael Remes
EFPConsulting Ltd
Final
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Introduction
This report is one in a series of country reports that makes up deliverable D4.1 of the CEEC-IST-NET
Project. All the country reports have been produced as separate documents as indicated by the table
below:
Country
Report Number
Bulgaria
4.1.1
Czech Republic
4.1.2
Estonia
4.1.3
Hungary
4.1.4
Latvia
4.1.5
Lithuania
4.1.6
Poland
4.1.7
Romania
4.1.8
Slovakia
4.1.9
Turkey
4.1.10
This report is restricted for review by the consortium and the commission. The report will be
converted to HTML format and will be published for use by the general public in a format
which will be user friendly and can be accessed from a user’s browser.
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Summary
Summary.................................................................................................................................................................................4
Executive Summary...............................................................................................................................................................5
A1 – General Information regarding ICT in Romania .......................................................................................................8
A1.1 Summary of key country facts and figures............................................................................................................8
A1.2 Country SWOT Analysis........................................................................................................................................28
A1.3 Structure of Knowledge Map for National Mapping Reports............................................................................39
A2 – Themes ........................................................................................................................................................................41
A2.1 – Technology Pillars...............................................................................................................................................41
A2.2 – Multi-Technology, Multi-disciplinary Integration..............................................................................................63
A2.3 – Application Poles.................................................................................................................................................71
A3 – Activities.......................................................................................................................................................................78
A3.1 Technology Pillars ..................................................................................................................................................78
A3.1.1 – Nano-electronics, photonics and integrated micro/nano-systems ........................................................78
A3.1.1.1 – Micro/Nano Systems ............................................................................................................................84
A3.1.1.2 – Nano-Electronics ..................................................................................................................................90
A3.1.1.3 – Photonics ...............................................................................................................................................94
A3.1.2 – Unbiquitous and unlimited capacity communication networks..............................................................95
A 3.1.2.1 – Broadband ..........................................................................................................................................108
A3.1.2.2 – Mobile & Wireless ...............................................................................................................................121
A3.1.2.3 – NW Test beds......................................................................................................................................129
A3.1.3 – Embedded systems, computing and control ..........................................................................................129
A 3.1.4 – Software, Grids, trust and dependability ...............................................................................................138
A3.1.4.1 – Software & Services ...........................................................................................................................143
A3.1.4.2 – Grid .......................................................................................................................................................148
A3.1.4.3 – Dependability & Security ...................................................................................................................150
A3.1.5 – Knowledge, Learning and Cognitive Systems .......................................................................................153
A3.1.5.1 – Cognitive Systems..............................................................................................................................156
A3.1.5.2 – Semantic Systems..............................................................................................................................160
A 3.1.6 – Interaction, visualisation, simulation and mixed realities ....................................................................162
A3.2 Multi-technology, Multi-disciplinary Integration ................................................................................................166
A3.2.1 - Personal environments ..............................................................................................................................166
A3.2.2 – Home environments ..................................................................................................................................166
A3.2.3 - Robotic Systems .........................................................................................................................................168
A3.2.4 - Intelligent infrastructures............................................................................................................................170
A3.3 Application Poles ..................................................................................................................................................174
A3.3.1 – ICT for health ..............................................................................................................................................174
A3.3.2 – ICT for inclusion .........................................................................................................................................182
A3.3.3 – ICT for mobility ...........................................................................................................................................184
A3.3.4 – ICT for the environment ............................................................................................................................187
A3.3.5 – ICT for organisations and work ................................................................................................................193
A3.3.6 – ICT for manufacturing................................................................................................................................213
A3.3.7 – ICT for media, culture and entertainment...............................................................................................220
A3.3.8 – ICT for learning...........................................................................................................................................222
A3.3.9 – e-Government.............................................................................................................................................232
Comparative Analysis with IST-Mentor Reports ...........................................................................................................243
List of references ...............................................................................................................................................................244
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Executive Summary
The transition to Information Society is one of the strategic objectives of the Romanian Government
for current period and one of the EU pre-adhering conditions.
The actual government policies is in favour of the development of ICT and Information Society and for
the creation of the institutional framework (setting up of the Ministry of Communication and
Information Technology, setting up of the Advanced Technologies, Communications, and Information
Technology Commission at the level of the Romanian Parliament, setting up of the Information
Technology Promotion Group), of the regulatory framework (adoption of a series of regulations
specific to the field and in accordance with Acquis requirements), as well for the active presence of
the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) field in international co-operation development
and for the promotion of some facilities for ICT development.
Romania has resources and human potential of high quality, recognised at the international level
(general knowledge, creativity, foreign languages).
Relating consolidation and enhancement of the ICT community that can be noticed by a higher
involvement of the companies, experts and professional associations in the transition towards the
Information Society.
There are an increased rates of PC Acquisitions and increased number of mobile phone users during
the last 2-3 years, comparable or superior to the candidate countries. The average development of
ICT in Romania is of 15% in comparison with the world rate of 8%.
In the same time, exists the possibility of extending Internet access due to the large number of TV
cable subscribers (71%) and of the mobile telephony users.
Other important facts concerning current status of R&D and innovation in Romania are the
consolidation of the telecommunications operator market, the development of a national infrastructure
on optic fibre and the support granted by the state authorities for the investments in ICT field.
The evolution of governmental policies to develop the Knowledge Society in Romania has been
strongly influenced by the accession to EU in 2007. A significant body of legislation and initiatives
has been developed during 2001-2004 to stimulate and sustain the development of ICT sector.
The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) has elaborated a series of
strategies closely mirroring the ones set by the eEurope/+/2005 programmes. To satisfy the
requirements of the EU accession, between 2001 and 2004 the Group for Promoting the Information
Technology (GPIT) approved over 180 projects worth over 700 million Euros.
In the context of the Lisbon strategy and of the European regulation framework, the government
program mentions the following objectives concerning the development of KS over the period 2005 –
2008:
• Increase of the competitiveness of the Romanian economy by stimulating the use of the most
innovative information technologies;
• Consolidation of ICT industry;
• Increase of the public administration’s institutional performance by coherent and generalized
implementation of integrated informational systems;
• Improvement of the citizens’ living conditions.
The newly adopted Government Programme gives an increased interest to the RDI sector. Over the
period 2005 – 2008 the Romanian Government has the following strategic objectives:
• Elaboration and regulation of mechanisms that ensure the technological transfer to the industry
and to establish the long term connection between the RDI and economic sectors;
• Increase of the public expenditure for the RDI sector up to 1 % from GDP by 2007, complying
with the objectives established within Chapter 17 Science and Research negotiated with the EU;
• Stimulating the participation of the private sector in the RDI activities;
• Strengthening the institutional capacity for restructuring the RDI sector; and
• Strengthening the institutional capacity of public authorities to elaborate and implement the RDI
policies.
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Liberalization of the telecommunications market, preparations for EU accession, and improved
macroeconomic indicators are drivers that will influence the initiation of large IT services projects in
the telecommunications, utilities, banking, manufacturing, and government administration sectors of
the market.
Other important indicators could be:
1. High growth rate of the IT industry
2. Fast developing software industry
3. Initiation of e-government
4. Faster adoption of technologies based on mobile communications and cable TV
5. The ICT average growth rate of 19 percent in Romania (as against 8 percent in the world. The
total IT&C expenses in Romania have increased in the last years by an average annual rate of
18.8 per cent, being estimated at USD 1.9 bln in 2004, according to a survey drafted by Global
Insight for World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA)).
Romanian ICT sector offers a wide range of IT products and services whose potential has only
recently begun to be noticed by the world market. There are also important Romanian brands that
have acquired recognition at both national and regional level.
The ICT sector was growing at a rate faster than GDP and is expected to continue growing at this rate
for the near future. The Romanian software industry is one of the region’s fastest growing sectors,
with an average increase of 18.8% yearly during the period 2001-2004.
The Romanian ICT market features a good dynamic and high growth potential. For the period 20052007, ICT spending in Romania is expected to grow at 12,2% yearly. The EU enlargement process
constitutes a strong driver for this development pattern of the Romanian ICT sector since, on the one
hand, it increases political participation in the EU technology and communications policy debate and,
on the other hand, it requires adopting and implementing the EU regulations concerning the ICT
sector.
In terms of market share, the Romanian ICT market is still largely hardware oriented, but feature an
increasing share of spending on markets with the most added-value: software products and IT
services. The software market was worth 68 million EUR in 2004 and is estimated to double in 2008.
This trend is reflected in the recently launched report by the World Economic Forum where Romania,
“driven by strong across-the-board improvements, especially in the area of company sophistication”,
jumped 22 ranks in the Business Competitiveness Index.
The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCTI) is the authority for developing a
strategic orientation framework for guiding the ICT sector in Romania. The emerging ICT sector holds
substantial promise for expansion into the global marketplace. The MCTI is also developing the use
of ICT in the government and private sectors. Towards this end, a new organizational structure, the
role of various players and their relationships has been evolved. The policies are developed through
an industry-government consultative mechanism where the views of industry are taken into account.
The mechanism involves representatives of the government, academic institutions, industry and
trade. In Romania there are five main associations in the ICT sector, as well as a number of other
smaller associations.
The mission of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology is to create solid
premises that will ensure the transition to the Information Society in Romania.
With a view towards developing the ICT sector, the MCTI proposes to initiate the following measures:
• Stimulation of supply and demand of ITC products in accordance with the Information Technology
Agreement of the WTO1;
• Promotion and support of an open and competitive market for communication and IT services to
secure quality services at lower tariffs;
1
WTO – World Trade Organization
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Elimination of the legislative differences, in comparison with European Union requirements;
Reduction of the technological gulf through the development of new technologies and services;
Setting up a national telecommunications regulatory authority, so that consumers and operators
can enjoy homogenous, undiscriminating and equal treatment;
Development of “Internet” platforms and technologies to assist in building a digital economy at a
national level;
Improve the quality of ICT products and services by harmonizing standards with those of the EU
in order to increase exports;
To utilize IT to increase productivity and efficiency in the economy, particularly in SMEs;
Establish technology parks to facilitate the development of a modern infrastructure for
communications, computers, regulated power supply, and software development skills;
To ensure priority for electronic governance;
Locating Internet Kiosks in rural areas in order to integrate the rural economy with the national
economy and to bring the benefits of IT to the rural population.
The IT policy would aim to retain IT experts in Romania to deliver IT programs and services. To
achieve this objective, the government passed a law in July 2001 exempting IT Programmers from
income tax.
The National RTD Plan represents the major tool for the implementation of the national RTD and
innovation policies. It has 14 specific programmes but the most significant is INFOSOC – Information
Society Programme.
The organisation responsible for the administration of the programme is the National Institute for
Research and Development in Informatics-ICI Bucharest (programme duration: 2001-2006).
The main ICT technology areas in this programme are:
- Technologies and tools / equipments for new types of distance and network activities, specialized in
working in virtual spaces:
- Technologies and tools / equipments for advanced information and communication electronic
services;
- Technologies and standards for knowledge representation and administration based on context,
semantics and intelligent agents; instruments for creating, arranging, diving and disseminating the
digital content;
- Multimedia technologies, standards and equipments;
- Multisensors interfaces capable to understand and to perform natural human expression; the
development of virtual environments for the advanced human – machine interaction;
- Networks: structures and models. Technologies, equipments, systems and advanced
communication services.
- Technologies and equipments for the security of networks and electronic transactions, for the
improvement of the quality, accessibility, viability and security of the information and communication
technology systems;
- Technologies for the management and development of the software systems, of the technologies
based on components and adjustable dynamic
- Technologies and applications based on high performance calcul
- Technologies, models and equipments for management of information, knowledge and processes at
the company level;
- Architectures / structures for designing and implementing the open and interoperapable systems,
specialized technologies for databases for administration of distributed and heterogeneous
information.
Source: Survey on national public funding for Research in Information and Communication Technologies –
CISTRANA Project
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A1 – General Information regarding ICT in Romania
Back to Technology Sector Map
A1.1 Summary of key country facts and figures
The importance of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) in Romania
¾ In the context of the Lisbon strategy and of the European regulation framework, the government
program mentions the following objectives concerning the development of KS over the period 2005 –
2008:
¾ Starting from July 2001, the Romanian Government approved the income tax exception for the
software developers, which, in about a year had as effect an average increase of 40% of the
personnel engaged in these activities.
¾ The personnel migration decreased during this period from 15% to 2% and were registered
numerous cases of Romanian specialists who came back after few years spent abroad.
¾ The number of ICT specialists working in the private sector has increased during the last two
years with 82%.
¾ The newly adopted Government Programme gives an increased interest to the RDI sector. Over
the period 2005 – 2008 the Romanian Government has the following strategic objectives:
• Elaboration and regulation of mechanisms that ensure the technological transfer to the industry
and to establish the long term connection between the RDI and economic sectors;
• Increase of the public expenditure for the RDI sector up to 1 % from GDP by 2007, complying
with the objectives established within Chapter 17 Science and Research negotiated with the EU;
• Strengthening the institutional capacity of public authorities to elaborate and implement the RDI
policies.
Source: Future Prospects in Romania: Scenarios for the Development of the Knowledge Society in Romania –
Constantin Zamfirescu, Florin Filip, Boldur Barbat
Romanian ICT relevant statistics
¾ After the severe reduction suffered after 1989, the hardware industry in Romania managed to
restructure through the presence in the market of new producers which are currently dealing mainly
with the assembly of equipment imported from Asia. Foreign companies have an active presence,
with approximately 50% of the market share.
¾ The software industry had a remarkable development. There are over 4800 companies which
state software development as main activity.
¾ There are over 8.100 ICT companies with over 86.000 employees. Mainly due to the favourable
tax system for very small companies (profits tax of 25% is replaced with an income tax of 1.5%)
their number has increased representing 92% of the total number of companies in the sector.
¾ The sector has an important contribution to the national economy as its contribution to the
turnover of all businesses exceeds 4% and 7.6% to their profit, despite the fact that ICT companies
represent only 2% of the total number of active companies.
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¾ The Romanian IT market is in a continuous developing process. With a level of growth more than
12% in 2003, one of the highest in the Central and Eastern European countries becomes one of the
most attractive in the region.
¾ With a market value of a € 3.3 billion the Romanian ICT market remains small in comparison to
many other Central and Eastern European countries, but it is exhibiting some of the highest levels
of growth across the region.
¾ Due to the measures undertaken by the Romanian government such as the liberalization of
telecommunications market and also to the growth trend of the market for mobile and internet the
forecasts for the next few years indicate some of highest level of growth in CEE countries.
¾ In 2003 the Romanian IT market reaches a value of € 719 million. Even if the hardware
expenditure remains the main segment of IT Romanian market, the software and services become
to be more and more important. The estimations show an IT services market shared among:
project services (51%), hardware maintenance (35%) and outsourcing services (only 14%). The
main reason for this structure is referring to the fact that most of IT services will be provided in the
public sector which is targeted to hardware acquisition and to complex projects for systems
implementation for telecommunications, utilities, banking, manufacturing and government
administration.
¾ The rate of penetration for mobile communication is one of the greatest in the region in spite of
the fact that, quantitative speaking, the business lags behind other countries in the region.
¾The liberalization of the telecommunication sector was finalized in 2003 and the full
harmonization with the EU regulatory framework was finished by the end of 2004.
¾ Liberalization of the telecommunications market, preparations for EU accession, and improved
macroeconomic indicators are drivers that will influence the initiation of large IT services projects in
the telecommunications, utilities, banking, manufacturing, and government administration sectors of
the market.
Number of employees in the IT&C domain in Romania
¾ The total number of engineers working at the present time in Romania exceeds 70.000.
According to official statistics, at the end of the year 2002, Romania had approximately 68.000
IT&C specialists, approximately 5.000 more than at the end of the year 2001.
¾ At the end of the year 2002, from a total of 68.050 IT&C specialists, 10.770 specialists worked in
the Romanian IT industry (the rest worked in companies and institutions from the
telecommunication domain or in other domains of activity, other than IT), according to a recent
study by the ITC Institute from Bucharest.
¾ The numbers refer to “IT&C specialists” defined, according to the questionnaires from the
National Institute of Statistics from Romania (INS), as graduates of a higher education institutions
in a specialty like Automatics, Computers, Electronics, Telecommunications, Mathematics,
Cybernetics or Informatics and having “IT&C” activities defines themselves as one of the “activities
of programming, analysis and projecting systems, administration, consultancy, informatics project
management, telecommunications maintenance, etc.” or they correspond to activities of the
divisions CAEN: 72 (informatics), 30 (IT equipments), 32 (electronic equipments), 642
(telecommunication services).
ICT sector
¾ Romanian ICT sector offers a wide range of IT products and services whose potential has only
recently begun to be noticed by the world market. There are also important Romanian brands that
have acquired recognition at both national and regional level. The ICT sector was growing at a rate
faster than GDP and is expected to continue growing at this rate for the near future. Conversely,
the effort made to reform the RDI system was very weak. Due to a poor implementation of RDI
policies, the RDI system is at a very basic development stage. Institutional financing with its
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outdated structure is dominant, and only very recently there seems to be systematic attempts to
restructure the RDI system.
¾ According to WITSA’s study, global ICT spending is expected to grow faster than the global
economy at approximately 7.6 % yearly. Among world regions, Eastern Europe will grow fastest at
a pace of 11.9 % yearly. The Romanian software industry is one of the region’s fastest growing
sectors, with an average increase of 18.8% yearly during the period 2001-2004.
¾ The Romanian ICT market features a good dynamic and high growth potential. For the period
2005-2007, ICT spending in Romania is expected to grow at 12,2% yearly. The EU enlargement
process constitutes a strong driver for this development pattern of the Romanian ICT sector since,
on the one hand, it increases political participation in the EU technology and communications policy
debate and, on the other hand, it requires adopting and implementing the EU regulations
concerning the ICT sector.
¾ In terms of market share, the Romanian ICT market is still largely hardware oriented, but feature
an increasing share of spending on markets with the most added-value: software products and IT
services. The software market was worth 68 million EUR in 2004 and is estimated to double in
2008. This trend is reflected in the recently launched report by the World Economic Forum where
Romania, “driven by strong across-the-board improvements, especially in the area of company
sophistication”, jumped 22 ranks in the Business Competitiveness Index.
¾The ICT services market grew by 22.7% in 2004 to reach €2,202 million, led by a 39.0% growth in
mobile telephone services, a market that was worth €1,140 million in 2004. Forecasts for 2005 and
2006 indicate more modest, but still strong, growth rates, at 20.4% in 2005 (when the market will be
worth €2,651 million) and 15.3% in 2006 (when the market will be worth €3,056 million).
¾ Unlike the equipment market, the EITO2 forecasts growth prospects for all ICT services. The
traditional fixed-line telephony services market is expected to show small rates of growth, with 2.5%
forecast for 2005 and 2.2% in 2006; less than the 3.7% growth in 2004 and far stronger 6.2%
increase that had been witnessed in 2003. Growth in the mobile sector will still lead the services
market as a whole, but will slow to 33.4% in 2005 and 22.0% in 2006, when the market is expected
to have a value of €1,856 million. The fixed data market is expected to grow by 11.7% in 2005 and
9.4% in 2006, raising the market value to €82 million. Unlike in many other markets, the cable TV
sector has also seen, and is expected to continue to witness, relatively strong growth. The EITO
believes that Romania’s cable TV market rose by 11.1% in 2004 and will growth by a respectable
10.0% in 2005 and 8.9% in 2006, when it will be worth €289 million.
¾ In July 2005, Romania’s regulator, the ANRC3, announced that the turnover of the 987 providers
of public electronic communications networks and/or publicly available electronic communications
services which had provided their financial statements for 2004 amounted to €2,773 million. This
was an increase of 14.2% on the turnover of €2,428 million reported to the ANRC for 2003. The
total increase for 2004 is likely to be higher as an unknown number of providers had not submitted
their 2004 financial statements to the ANRC by June 30, 2005.
Software & Services Integrators
¾ Software companies such as Microsoft, Novell, SCO Unix and Oracle are all represented in
Romania. They utilize the services of local firms, as well as authorized resellers and distributors, for
marketing and application development based on their standard software. The local companies
develop applications using the standard packages to meet the requirements of their customers.
Localization and content creation are the main service areas for the local companies.
2
3
EITO – European Information Technology Observatory
ANRC – Romanian National Regulatory Authority for Communications
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¾ The Romanian IT market will increase by 12% in 2005 compared with last year, according to
officials from US software giant Microsoft, who quoted data from a recent survey by researcher
IDC. The same survey shows that the software market will double in size by 2008.
¾ The Romanian software market was worth 84 million dollars last year (68 million euros at the
average annual exchange rate), and will amount to 134 million dollars (103.7 million euros) by
2008, says IDC. It is expected to reach 95 million dollars (73 million euros) in 2005.
¾ Growth of the software market will also lead to an increase in the number of jobs in this sector,
Microsoft officials say. Software specialists will account for around 43% of total IT sector
employees in Romania in 2008.
Future Forecasts and Trends
¾ The future in software seems somewhat brighter and offers greater opportunities for the country.
Compared to hardware, Romania has built up and retained a greater depth and volume of software
production capabilities. Development of new capabilities is also easier since software has much
lower entry barriers than hardware production because it is less capital-intensive, more laborintensive, with a lower rate of obsolescence, and (at least for certain types of software) it has far
fewer economies of scale. All of these factors work in Romania's favor given its particular
macroeconomic circumstances. In addition, software has long been forming an increasing
component of overall value within information technologies and has become the "lifeblood" of
business, industry, and government.
Computer Software Industry
¾The computer software sector in Romania is vibrant, employing about 25,000 skilled software
professionals. The industry is delivering software and services worth about US$150 million per
year. There are a couple of large companies employing about 400 employees and many small
companies. But as a rule, a very large number of one- and two-person software firms with low
turnover typify the market. These are often set up by IT professionals who have left R&D
institutions, or by recent IT graduates.
¾ Larger Romanian companies offer services in all typical software development processes,
including consulting, modelling, development, implementation, integration, testing, re-engineering
and maintenance; web-based applications and tools; e-commerce / e-business applications;
design, development and deployment of distributed architecture applications; custom XML
application development; and SM/SGM standard implementation. These companies concentrate
on the major segment of software product development, IT services and IT-enabled services.
¾ In the last 4-5 years, a spectacular evolution had the development of applications for domains
with high growth rates, like the banking sector, mobile telecommunications and data security.
¾The development of e-government and e-administration applications represented an important
niche for many Romanian software producers and it is due to a very big investment program that
the public administration started in the year 2000.
¾The software industry in Romania is poised for exponential growth as many large corporations
are considering Romania as their offshore software development base. Microsoft, Cisco, Motorola,
Ericsson etc. are a few large corporations, which have established their subsidiaries in Romania to
take advantage of the low cost skilled software professionals.
¾ Official data offered by Ministry of Economy and Commerce indicate rates of annual growth of
over 30 %, much more than the rate of growth of the GDP (around 5%).
¾ Sector analysis show that the IT&C firms represent a percent of 1.96% out of the number of firms
from Romania, and they realize over 4 % of the turnover and 7.68 % of the total profit of the
economy.
¾ The number of Romanian companies which carry on activities in the software domain was, at
the end of the year 2003 (according to ARIES estimation) of about 6.500, 95 % of them being
companies of small and very small dimensions.
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¾ Still, the medium and large companies have a significant weight in the total turnover of the
sector, of over 30 %. In comparison to the year 2002, the total number of companies rose by more
then 1.000 new companies, the vast majority from them being named by the Romanian legislation
as “micro-enterprises” (companies with less then 10 employees and with an annual turnover of
less than 100.00 Euros).
¾ The cause of this growth is linked to the modifications of the Romanian legislation in the latest
years, which provide significant fiscal facilities for this type of companies (their income tax is only
of 1.5 % from their turnover and they don’t have tax for their profit in that period of time. We have
to say that in Romania the profit tax applied to all the other companies is 25 %).
¾ According to the Romanian legislation, the branch “Informatics and related activities – Division
CAEN 72” includes activities of consultancy in the hardware products domain, consultancy and
providing of software products, data processing, database linked activities, maintenance and
repairing of computers and other electronic bureau devices.
¾ There are over 8.100 ITC companies with over 86.000 employees. Mainly due to the favourable
tax system for very small companies (profits tax of 25% is replaced with an income tax of 1.5%)
their number has increased representing 92% of the total number of companies in the sector.
However their contribution is less than 10% of the sector turnover.
¾ After the severe reduction suffered after 1989, the hardware industry in Romania managed to
restructure through the presence in the market of new producers, which are currently dealing
mainly with the assembly of equipment imported from Asia. Foreign companies have an active
presence, with approximately 50% of the market share.
¾ The software industry had a remarkable development. There are over 4800 companies, which
¾ The IT&C sector has an important contribution to the national economy as its contribution to the
turnover of all businesses exceeds 4% and 7.6% to their profit, despite the fact that ITC companies
¾ The hardware production has a limited contribution to the sector performance. This can be
explained by the low appeal of the Romanian business environment, especially during the period
when such investment took place in other CEE countries (1994 – 1998), but also by the important
investment needed to start such an activity, beyond the possibilities of local investors.
¾ Such investments are intended for significantly larger markets (in terms of units sold) than
Romania, which requires the existence of export markets. A success story in this branch is the
investment of around USD 100 million of the US Company SOLECTRON, which, even if it deals
only with the assembly of equipment (mobile phones and IT hardware) has over 2,500 employees,
and exports the entire production to the European branches of the holding company.
The main local investments in assembly of PC’s are Flamingo, Ktech, Best Computers and
Comrace.
¾ Software has a more significant weight within the sector and is mostly represented by a large
number of very small businesses, due mainly to the tax advantages. The law in force at the end of
2003 allows tax exemptions only to the IT specialist employees that are graduates of at least one of
the four specialized universities (electronics and telecommunication, automatics and computers,
informatics, mathematics, cybernetics) and not to all people active in the field that have attended
specialized postgraduate courses.
¾ German software producer SAP will bring applications for the SME segment to the Romanian
market, through its partner on the local market, Business Consulting Services (BCS). The ALL-inone package provided by SAP is directed to the SME segment and its launch is part of SAP’s
strategy to address this segment as well. As a first step, the software package will be targeted to
the distribution segment and to production companies. German software producer SAP will bring
applications for the SME segment to the Romanian market, through its partner on the local market,
Business Consulting Services (BCS). The ALL-in-one package provided by SAP is directed to the
SME segment and its launch is part of SAP’s strategy to address this segment as well. As a first
step, the software package will be targeted to the distribution segment and to production
companies.
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¾ Romanian software developer, Akela Informatique, opened a representative office in New York.
The company is specialised in the development of software for company management and an
outsourcing provider. The first contracts were already signed. Akela's customers include France
Telecom, Paris City Hall, National Bank of Paris, Ubisoft, Danone, M6 television station, Lukoil and
Orange.
¾ Alcatel Romania expects an increase in its revenues by 12% this year, while the results
registered for the first quarter are in line with the company’s target for the year. The company has
recently signed two contracts for supply of communications equipment to two main electricity
retailers in Bulgaria and Macedonia, namely NEC and ESM. The value of the contracts was not
disclosed.
¾ In Romania, Alcatel has as clients Romtelecom, Orange Romania and Atlas Telecom. Lately, it
started to diversify its activity by contracting projects for development of telecom infrastructure in
fields like transportation and electricity.
Communication
¾The European Information Technology Observatory (EITO) 2005 estimated the information and
communications technology (ICT) market in Romania to have grown in value by 20.2%% to €3,637
million in 2004, following growth of 13.2% the previous year. The EITO expects the growth rate to
slow to a still respectable 14.2% in 2005 and 13.1% in 2006. Thus, Romania's ICT market should
be worth approximately €4,697 million by the end of 2006.
¾ The market for ICT equipment surged by 18.4% in 2004, but growth is expected to slow in 2005,
to 4.2%, before picking up again in 2006, at 9.1%. The two equipment sub-markets that witnessed
the highest rates of growth in 2004 were mobile phones, which rose by 50.6% after strong growth
of 28.0% in 2003, and the LAN hardware market, which increased by 43.9% in 2004 after growing
by 18.9% in 2003. Growth in both sectors is expected to fall off in 2005. The mobile phone submarket is expected to grow by only 1.5% in 2005, before picking up again in 2006 to grow by 21.7%
to €365 million. Two sectors of the ICT equipment market declined during 2004, ‘other’ end-user
equipment (which fell 2.0% to €82 million) and PBX, key systems, and circuit switching equipment
(which fell by 5.1% to €132 million). Both sectors are expected to continue to decline through to
2006.
¾The last stage of the telecommunications market liberalization took place in 2003, when,
starting January 1st, the fixed line telephony monopoly ended. The liberalization process started in
1991 and has covered the following markets:
•
•
•
•
•
Terminal equipment (liberalization in 1991; the devices have to gain a type authorisation);
Data transmission (liberalization in 1992; local loop belongs mainly to the incumbent operator);
Mobile radio-communication (liberalization in 1992; licensing are awarded based on the
available radio spectrum);
Satellite communication services (partially liberalized in 1992 for VSAT equipment and various
types of services and later on extended in 1996);
Broadcast of radio and TV programmes; (liberalized in 1992; the National Radio
communication Company provides services of transport of national radio and TV programs
produced by the Romanian Radio and Television Broadcasting Company an the Romanian
Television Company)
Telecommunications Policy
¾Romania is a signatory to the WTO’s Basic Telecommunications Services Agreement. Under the
WTO obligation, competitive regulatory principles were expected to be in place by 1st January
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1998. International services were to be open for international competition by 1st January 2003.
Romania, however, has yet to ratify the Basic Telecommunications Agreement. Administrative
reasons, according to MCTI, were the cause for the delay and these are now being gradually
removed.

¾The institutional framework necessary for the development of the telecommunications sector has
been evolved. Foremost amongst its features are the following:
Setting up a National Regulating Authority in Communications as a politically independent and
technologically neutral body, with responsibilities in the management of the spectrum, standards,
licensing, control and monitoring;
Securing the necessary legislative and organizational framework for the full liberalization of
telecommunications and postal services;
Preparing the operators for the full liberalization of communication services and to adapt the
existing licences of the national operators;
Creating an adequate legal framework for a free circulation of information and to define the legal
statute of the electronic document, the digital signature, electronic data bases and electronic
trade;
Promoting and supporting an open and competitive market for communication and IT services;
Defining a coherent and realistic tariffs policy, based on costs at national operator level;
Assuming responsibility for the privatisation of the commercial companies in the IT field, as well as
the acceleration of these processes by the Ministry of Communications and Information
Technology;
Creating a unified emergency call system - one of the measures necessary to increase the
security and protection of citizens and property;
Establishing a legislative and institutional framework to fight against electronic fraud and
unauthorized access to electronic information.
¾Implementation of the telecommunications policy was expected to lead to the improvement of
quality, the universal availability of services, tariff reductions, the upgrading of technology etc.
The policy will ultimately achieve the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Accelerated development of the public telephone network by securing an annual rate of at least
500,000 new telephone subscribers;
The introduction of new and state-of-the-art technologies to meet the challenge of globalization;
Securing universal coverage and an improvement in the quality of telecommunications services;
The promotion of multi-service technologies in a wide range of communications;
Harmonizing the use of the FM terrestrial radio broadcasting band, the VHF television bands and
harmonizing Romania’s radio spectrum with the European Allotment Table;
The stimulation of the local production of components and spare parts for the telecommunications
sector for a limited period, in order to nurture the SME sector by way of providing incentives;
The involvement of local private capital in the privatisation and licensing process.
¾The government is faced with the problem of a lack of telephone facilities in about three
thousand villages. This necessitates the development of an affordable telecommunications
infrastructure in order to facilitate Romania’s links with the emerging global economy in the future.
The Romanian telecommunications environment is characterized as being at the initial phase of
market liberalization, with some level of competition in place for mobile telephony and data
services, but with basic services still provided by a single monopoly.
The Fixed Telephony Sector
¾ With Romania's fixed-line telecommunications services market having been fully-liberalised only
in January 2003, there is - as yet - no substantial competition to incumbent operator ROM
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Telecom. Most of the companies that provide services in Romania make use of small privatelyowned networks (in the case of utilities) or ROM Telecom's own local loop and national backbone
(in the case of value-added service providers).
¾ The most significant threat to ROM Telecom is likely to come from the cable TV sector, which
has seen a large degree of consolidation in recent times leading to three large multiple-system
operators (MSOs): Astral Telecom, RCS & RDS, and UPC Romania. Astral and RCS & RDS
jointly acquired FX Communications in April 2004 although it is not known whether the company
continues to be operated independently or whether the operator’s 110,000 subscribers (at the end
of 2003) have been split between the two rivals. Astral consolidated its position as the largest
player in Romania through its January 2005 acquisition of Cable Vision of Romania (CVR),
majority owned by ROM Telecom. The latest subscriber figures available for CVR indicate a
customer base of nearly 41,000 at the end of 2001.
¾ However, in June 2005, Astral itself became the acquisition target of Liberty Media, the ultimate
parent company of UPC Romania. The deal is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2005 and
will create a MSO with 1,250,000 customers.
¾ The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) reported in November
2004 that over half of Romania’s 7.3 million households were connected to cable TV networks - a
captive audience of some 3.75 million households for the cable operators. Most households
connected to cable TV were in urban areas, where the penetration rate is four times higher than in
rural areas.
¾ ANRC data shows that there were 4,389,082 fixed telephony subscribers at the end of 2004,
giving a penetration rate of 20.24%. At that time, there were 424,825 requests for telephone
service where the technical conditions for installation had not been met, down from 464,966 at the
end of 2003.
¾ ANRC data indicates that total voice traffic originated in public telephone networks rose by was
voice traffic originated in the fixed public network sand 42.6% originated in mobile public
networks, including roaming. Of the total traffic volume of 11,083 million minutes in the fixed public
networks in 2004, 79.6% was voice traffic and 20.4% was Internet traffic.
¾ Nevertheless, it is expected that, within a short period, the number of the local fixed telephony
suppliers will increase significantly, considering that ANRC granted, after the 1st of January 2003,
over 40 licences for using the numbering resources. The stated objective of the authorities is
increasing the degree of fixed telephony penetration considering that the average rate of 21% of
the population recorded until December 2003 is quite low compared to the 36% rate in CEE
countries.
The Mobile Telephony Sector
¾ Mobile telephony has experienced an enormous development since 1995. Romania's mobile
communications market is now well-established, with four players providing services to some 11.4
million customers as of June 30, 2005. However, the two largest operators, Orange Romania and
MobiFon, account for approximately 96% of the market. Although the fortunes of the two smaller
operators, Cosmorom and Telemobil, are being turned around, it is unlikely that they will ever be
able to compete on an equal basis with their two established rivals.
¾ Orange Romania and MobiFon, which operates under the Connex brand, were both licensed in
November 1996 and launched GSM services in April 1997. In March 2001, MobiFon and Orange
Romania were authorised to use the 1800MHz range of the spectrum from January 1, 2003. The
two companies were the only bidders for the four 3G mobile licences made available in November
2004.
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¾ Despite the early launch of 3G services, MobiFon is beginning to lose market share to Orange
Romania. ITI estimated Orange’s market share at 47.1% at the end of 2003, with MobiFon
accounting for 49.1% of the market. By the end of 2004, according to their reported subscriber
figures, Orange Romania had some 28,000 subscribers more than its nearest rival. This trend
continued through the first half of 2005, with Orange signing up more than twice as many new
subscribers by June 30, 2005 than MobiFon, giving it a subscriber base of 5,724,000 and an
estimated market share of 50.4%.
¾ Mobile telephony will continue to be the engine of Romanian telecommunications. The
GSM900 operators, where Romanian state is not a shareholder, will continue to consolidate their
market positions, increasingly providing their clients with bundled services (voice, data, Internet fixed and mobile) to RomTelecom’s detriment, being in a better position for convergence.
¾ In 2004 mobile telephony will continue to have a two-digit growth - 15% - 25%, thus by the end
of the year the number of subscribers will be over 8m, while tariffs are expected to continuously
decrease. However, without a special interest in 3G, it is possible that in 2004 four 3G licenses
will be awarded. It is most probably that this will happen after the revitalization of CosmoRom in
order to have four mobile operators for the four licenses. In all likelihood GSM900 operators will
buy 3G licenses using UMTS technology, a technology without special results in region. Before
December 2003, Hungary postponed the award of 3G licenses for 2005. The reasons consisted in
lack of interest, unprepared market, and technological problems. Romania could also learn from
this experience. The electoral year could be a chance for the rescue of CosmoRom, but a
decision should be taken rapidly.
¾ Fixed telephony will continue its modest evolution with slight (<5%) increases in the number of
subscribers, while the industry turnover could continue to decrease. (Fig.6) Competition on the
international market will continue to be strong, while the arbitrage (between RomTelecom
unbalanced tariffs and VoIP tariffs), very attractive in 2003, will become less and less attractive,
due to increased competition. This could create problems, mainly for small companies (ISPs),
paving the way for failures, mergers, and acquisitions. At this time, competition on domestic long
distance market would be welcome. It would be time for Radio communication,
Telecommunication CFR, Teletrans to enter the market, and this could trigger tariffs reduction.
Once again RomTelecom could be in a delicate situation being forced to reduce its interurban
tariffs without increasing accordingly local tariffs.
¾ Probably, Telecommunication CFR and Teletrans will continue to develop their optical
backbone networks, even if the existing backbone network seems to be enough for current needs.
Already, one heard voices speaking on the surplus in transport capacity in Romania and even on
future failures. Bankruptcies in telecommunications throughout the world affected mainly carriers,
their effects being supported by private capital, not public funds. This scenario might not be
repeated in Romania, taking into account shareholders’ structure, namely the presence of the
state. Anyhow, the life on the long-distance market will not be easy, surprises can be expected,
and a solution to avoid them is privatization by attracting a strategic partner and investment funds.
Evolution towards a full service provider (local and long distance, data, voice, etc.) using low
investments technology could be another solution for risk reduction, but it assumes partnerships
with other competitors and thus requires time.
¾ Telecommunication CFR and Teletrans operate backbone networks providing a package of
services to a closed group of users. Restructuring these companies, transformation of network
administration into a business, is a complex process, which should be rapidly done. There is an
umbilical cord limiting evolution of these companies, while cutting it, by privatization via attracting
a strategic partner, could accelerate the companies’ evolution. A strategic partner will not only
bring the industry expertise, but also access to international finances. Presence of investment
funds in shareholders structure is guarantee for increasing the company’s market value on
medium term, while also acting as antibodies, both very important for a new entrant on liberalized
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market. Prior to privatization, Radio communication should be reorganized separating state
interests (TV and radio broadcasting) from the ones addressing the market.
¾ Atlas Telecom, Astral Telecom and RCS/RDS have commercially launched their services, thus
users have now the chance of an alternative to RomTelecom’s services and of comparing service
quality. Romanians have the opportunity to see how these technologies work, while Romania
could continue to be a trial field for new technologies (wireless/WLL mainly). So, new players
could enter the market using cheap access technologies (WLL), providing telephony with limited
mobility. In 2004 one could expect the boom of limited mobility telephony, a service placed
between fixed and mobile telephony, and which had a huge success in India. There, it was
launched as mobile telephony for poor population and thus it could be a solution for Romanians,
which also are not too rich.
¾ POSTelecom might enter the market this year too, the last announced deadline for commercial
launch being autumn 2004. POSTelecom could benefit from the presence of China Unicom in its
shareholders structure, having the advantage of a business built from scratch: using latest
technologies (IP centric network, lower investment/line comparing to classical telephony, lower
operational costs, etc.), hiring necessary personnel (number, skills, etc.), and building a marketoriented organization. POSTelecom has the disadvantage to have the Romanian state as a
(majority) shareholder. It is also interesting to see the impact of a Chinese product, 29% at the
beginning, on a price sensitive market using western products. Very important will be the
cooperation among shareholders. Success is also depending on the speed of network deployment
and business development, as well as on the package of provided services, quality, and tariffs,
but, for time being.
¾ In the conditions in which RomTelecom will not have permission to rebalance its tariffs its
revenues will continue to decrease. RomTelecom operates a ‘capital-intensive’ and ‘laborintensive’ network, a voice-centric network, with expensive operation and providing only a limited
package of services. This is a reason for RomTelecom to lose ground in favor of its competitors
using modern technologies.
¾ Another problem is a modest evolution of its mobile arm, CosmoRom, more precisely a too
much delayed restructuring. RomTelecom is a unique case in Europe, being the only national
operator without a strong mobile telephony arm - mobile telephony representing less than 2% in
total group turnover, compared to 40% in Hungary’s Matav, or OTE. CosmoRom needs a strategic
partner, a mobile telephony operator with at least a regional strategy, able to build a new business
model; an operator able to compete with Orange, Vodafone, TIW and to provide easy access to
international financing. The partner should bring affiliation to a strong telecommunications group.
The decrease in RomTelecom revenues could be compensated by costs cuts, as a result of
company’s restructuring, so an increase in company’s efficiency is expected.
¾ Due to delayed reform and lack of understanding of the telecommunications economics,
Romania has today one of the lowest fixed line penetration rates (20%) in Central Europe, even if
in 1998 it was ranked ahead of Hungary and Poland. In the rural areas, where 47% of the
population lives, the density is even lower – 10%.
¾ Romania’s main problem remains the local network. For bridging this digital divide large
investments are needed to be attracted from outside the industry.
¾ The fixed telephony must be regarded as business and not a social service. Political pressures
to reduce tariffs lead to a low quality of the service, waiting lists and a slower development of the
fixed local infrastructure – gradually placing Romania on the lowest rank, in what penetration rate
is concerned, among Central European countries. Liberalization, on January 1, 2003, lead only to
deregulation of the long distance tariffs. The local tariffs must also be freely established by the
market. This can act as means to unblock the local market and reduce the gap between
Romanian and the rest of Europe, while RomTelecom could rebalance its tariffs. The Law for
universal Service represents and excessive regulation for Romania, being in contradiction with the
practice of market liberalization.
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¾Legal framework for a fair competition. (1) In the competition with the mobile telephony, the fixed
telephony is technologically disadvantaged and also overregulated. Liberalizing the fixed phone
services could lead to a fair competition. (2) Placing the mobile tariffs on costs (following the LRIC
model, for example) will eliminate a barrier in the way of competition.
¾ Encouraging competition in mobile telephony. (1) Today the GSM900 operators have some
96% market share, which is a unique situation in Europe. Competition is absent in the presence of
a duopoly. (2) Even if investments in the mobile telephony are smaller than those in fixed
telephony, the services in the mobile network have much higher prices. High termination tariffs in
mobile networks discourage competition, and on a medium term, prevent small companies from
growing. In this direction, the mobile telephony tariffs should be put on costs. Also, until this is
attained, the tariffs for termination in mobile networks should be equal with those from the fixed
network: €cents2.55/minute, instead of US$ 0.10, as it is now. (3) CosmoRom needs a strategic
partner, one with at least regional ambitions, to rapidly construct a new business model; otherwise
we will make the Guiness Book of Records with the first bankrupcy of a GSM operator.
¾In the process of adopting EU laws in telecommunications, these should be adapted to the
national context, too – the macroeconomic and telecommunication ones. (1) The Universal
service was applied by prosperous nations to help minority groups (very few of citizens!) while in
Romania poverty is a mass phenomenon. Also, the amount proposed for financing the Universal
Service (1% of the turnover) is insufficient for Romania’s needs and it should not be taken from an
industry which, despite of its evolution much over the national economy, was not able to keep the
pace with the rest of Europe. Excessive regulations imposed by the law can make its
implementation difficult. (2) 20 years ago, when no alternative was available, the access to the
local loop of the incumbents was mean to spur competition. Today even the promoters of LLU are
reconsidering their position. LLU did not lead to competition even in the presence of a strong
infrastructure - 52%, the average of EU penetration rate. Romania’s penetration rate is at 20%,
thus the newly entered on the market do not have much to access. The rigurous implementation
of the LLU law in Romania can misdirect investment form increasing penetration.
¾For increasing penetration in rural areas other funding sources must be attracted, such as: (1)
Funding from telecommunications resulted after: awarding the 3G licenses (approx. US$140m),
selling shares of RomTelecom (IPO!), Radio communication, POSTelecom, or Telecommunication
CFR and Teletrans (over US$500m), taxes raised (frequencies usage, etc.), or privatizing the
operators Radio communication, Telecommunication CFR, Teletrans by raising their share capital;
(2) Funds from the state budget; (3) Funding from the European Union through ISPA, SAPARD,
PHARE or other specific programs for rural areas.
¾It is also necessary to raise the competitiveness of state companies Radio communication,
POSTelecom, or Telecommunication CFR and Teletrans, namely (1) emergency privatization
through attracting a strategic partner and investment funds, and (2) privatization through raising
the share capital. (Source: Policy Warning Report, June 2004)
Investments in the Electronic Communications Sector
¾ Starting 1990, investments attracted by the telecommunications sector recorded a boost
compared to the amount of investments driven by other sectors during the same period. The total
investments in the electronic communications market in 2002 amounted to USD 301.7 million, out
of which 36% were in the mobile telephony sector. Investments in the fixed telephony reached
USD 130 million.
¾ In 2002, foreign investments in Romania represented 2.4% of the GDP and the electronic
communications (especially the radio/mobile telephony networks segments) ranked among the
main beneficiary sectors, such as natural gas, transport, commerce, automotive industry, etc.
¾ Currently, the percentage of the private sector in the electronic communications sector is 70%
compared to 45.3% in 1995. The structure of the market is similar to that of other Candidate
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Countries and one of the common features is the larger market share of mobile telephony
compared to fixed telephony.
Authorised Providers
¾ The liberalisation of the electronic communications market and the rapid evolution of the
electronic communications sector generated a high level of optimism, leading to a boom of the
number of providers of electronic communications networks and services who are active in the
market. By December 31st, 2003, from the total of 1,809 companies that notified ANRC in order to
obtain the general authorisation for the provision of electronic communications networks or
services, 1,560 were authorised. A number of 905 companies were authorised to provide public
electronic communications networks.
¾ Among the companies authorised to provide telephony services through fixed public networks:
141 companies – provide local calls
149 companies – provide long distance calls
167 companies – provide international calls
75 companies – will install public payphones
67 companies – provide ISDN services.
¾ As regards the provision of other electronic communications services, ANRC authorised a total
number of 493 companies out of which 71% provide data transmissions services and 73%
Internet access services (Chart 5.6). Also, a large number of companies notified in order to obtain
the general authorisation for the provision of professional mobile radio communications and radiopaging services.
¾ By December 31, 2003, 905 companies were authorised to provide fixed public telephony
networks and 178 companies to provide telephony services through fixed public networks.
¾ The largest part of the providers newly entered in the market of telephony services provided
through fixed public networks started to offer telephony services on the international calls
segment. By the end of December 2003, over 30 operators were providing telephony services
through prepaid cards in the Romanian market.
Broadband Internet Access
¾ Between 2001 and 2002, the number of broadband Internet connections increased 21.8 times,
mainly due to the increase of the number of coaxial cable connections provided to residential
users.
¾ The percentage of broadband connections from the total number of Internet access connections
therefore increased from 10.48% in 2001 to 62.68% in 2002.
Narrowband Internet Access
¾ Even though the increase of dial-up connections is limited by the reduced number of personal
computers, a rapid development is estimated to take place during the next years. Also, the
growing Internet usage for a multitude of services creates the prerequisites for the development of
the Internet access services market. Thus, the percentage of Internet users from the total
population, 9% in 2001, even though reduced compared to other European countries, is estimated
to reach the level of 16% in 2003 according to data made available by the Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology.
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¾ As regards the prices, the level of tariffs for the dial-up access services provided through
metallic wires remains the smallest among the Candidate Countries and is ranked at the lowest
level among the EU Members States.
ICT for health
¾ The low penetration rate of ICT in the health sector creates an important potential for the
development of e-health applications. There are also some notable success stories of ICT
implementations in hospitals. The ambulance management system put into service in Bucharest
in 1996 has been extended later on in other seven cities. The system is covering a wide range of
ambulance activities from call centre activities to cost calculation. Developments of specialized
ERP systems - for the management of patients, observation sheets, medical investigations and
treatments, management of drug consumption, human resources, admin activities and accounting
etc. - exists in 60 out of 446 hospitals in Romania. In the past, the Ministry of Health had the
initiative to start ICT projects for the health sector. Currently, there are a high number of ERP
solutions for hospitals available on the market.
¾ Some projects dealt with standardization issues in order to assure a coherent integration of eservices. Under the VIASAN programme a database with national and international standards has
been developed in order to ensure compatibility with the integration process of statistical reporting
systems and healthcare services system65. In the international project EUPHIN – EAST,
Romania contributed to a statistical reporting system for medical indicators of the countries in the
European zone of World Health Organisation. The system maintains hundreds of health indicators
available for all the WHO European countries66. Romania also is involved in 2 projects within
eTEN framework programme aiming to provide e-services in the e-health field.
¾ The negative feature as regards the e-health development is, besides a somehow chaotic
development, the lack of a real market and the use of all kinds of software products (some
obtained through donations and not customized). In spite of the fact that many researchers are
partners in EU R&D projects, the developed products are not adopted by industry. Even projects
financed from EU funds “are forgetting” their existence. What is missing is a coherent strategy
between all stakeholders responsible for the development of e-health services in Romania (the
opinion of the author of the report on Romania in the “Telemedicine Glossary” IST EC).
Source: Future Prospects in Romania: Scenarios for the Development of the Knowledge Society in Romania,
EFFECTIVE DECISIONS
¾ Romania has the lowest percentage of GPs that have Internet access in their consulting rooms
in the CEE 10. However, 43% of hospitals have Internet access and 33% of health clinics (2002,
NRA and ITU). (2)
There are some achievements of the Ministry of Health and Family in the Information Society
implementation process:
- a database with national and international standards and regulations (definitions,
classifications, codifications etc.) was developed in order to ensure coherently statistical
reporting systems and healthcare services system. Public access to this database is provided
through the internet;
- IT systems for hospitals - development of IT systems for the management of patients,
observation sheets, medical investigations and treatments, management of drug consumption,
human resources, admin activities and accounting etc.;
- National Health Insurance Agency Information System, was implemented in 2000;
- The IT system for healthcare management - Ministry of Health, CNAS, Medical College.
¾ The IT pilot project for the sanitary sector has been achieved with World Bank support and was
implemented between 1997 and 1999. It has been installed over 1000 servers and computers,
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other equipment and the related software. The information systems has been installed to the
Ministry of Health, all the Public Health Services, 34 ambulance stations, 95 rural health.
ICT for organizations and works
¾ As part of the National Electronic System, launched in 2003, there is functioning the Electronic
Systems for the payment of local taxes.
¾ Current stage: 59 cities have implemented electronic payment systems, another 17 having
functional information systems and payment systems in process. These systems are presently
reaching the 4th level of e-government interaction, which allows the connection/integration
between information systems from the banks and city hall.
¾ Based on the National strategy for passing to the New Economy and implementing of the
NationalElectronic System, drawn up by the Ministry of Communication and Information
Technology, there have launched some e-government projects which offers public services
through electronic means.
These projects are available for public in the frame of e-government Centre inside of Ministry of
Communication and Information Technology. The projects e-government are:
The National Electronic System
Electronic system for public procurement - This project assures the transparency of the
procedures for the participants to the auctions, it offers the efficiency of the public funds
expenditure, the simplifying of the participation procedure to the auctions, it offers standard
working procedures for procuring agencies, it deliver public information about the public
procurement processes, it sets up fast auditing mechanisms of the public procurement processes,
it encourages the development of e-commerce. Otherwise, site www.e-licitatie.ro has an
international recognition, being considered best practice in the field of e-government.
¾ Present stage:
• saving medium percentage of: 22%
• saving achieved until now: 80 mil Euro
• transactions concluded in system of e-licitatie: 280000
• 10000 applications for registered in system;
• 1068 contracting authorities;
• over 80 categories of dealing products;
• 10 National Health Programmes unfolded through SEAP;
• 496 auctions finalized in the health field.
ICT for mobility
•
•
•
•
•
•
¾ The current use of telematic systems can be described as poor and the improvement of the
framework conditions for the use of ITC systems is urgently needed.
Telematics applications for traffic management, not widespread, but partly used exist in the
following areas:
Centralized traffic control;
Flexible signal plans;
Public transport priority and traffic sensors;
Variable message signs.
¾ Weaknesses
low level of expertise in applying telematics in the transport field;
insufficient public funds;
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•
•
the lack of data or information for new services;
internal problems such as institutional and inter-departmental co-operation.
ICT for manufacturing
Manufacturing - Facts & Figures
¾ About 50% of GDP;
¾ +0.4% Y/Y;
¾ CAGR 4% (2000-2003);
¾ Growth above average: means of transport on road and non-food goods;
¾ Low degree of processing (intermediate products make 41% of overall production and 46% of
direct exports).
ICT for media, culture and entertainment
¾ The number of Internet cafes has exploded since early 1999, particularly in Bucharest. Despite
the explosion, it is believed that the increased number of internet users resulted from increased
business investment in technology rather than the greater internet availability offered by the
increased number of internet cafes. The fact that less than one-third of the Internet users go
online from homes, while the majority surf at work supports this hypothesis.
¾ While Internet Cafes have already become a familiar presence in the big cities, it will be some
time before telecenters will be fully accepted and used by the rural population. Affordable prices
are important for strengthening the client base. As mentioned previously, WESTERN IQ Romanian Telework Informations, which offered the necessary equipment and space for individual
teleworkers and companies, failed because of a faulty pricing policy.
¾ Some of the websites are updated regularly, especially the news sites. Yet the vast majority is
static and rarely updated. Only around 3 websites out of 10 seem to carry updated information
relevant to various user groups. A certain degree of competition in building interactive and
updated websites was stimulated by the launch of the Romanian website Top100.com, which
offers the users the opportunity to vote for the website they consider useful.
¾ This has encouraged a large part of the organizations present in the Romanian virtual
environment to change their Internet website projects, in the sense of making them simpler, more
user-friendly, and more practical. This change in strategy has also significantly increased the
interactivity and design quality of the websites.
¾ The use of the Internet for the business sector revolves around its marketing needs. Internet
until recently was used only for displaying information about products or services, new product
developments, schedules, or information for finding new clients and/or suppliers (usually called
brochureware). E-mail is also used by businesses to formulate agreements with American and/or
European firms. On a national level, however, the fax and telephone are still the preferred medium
given the low penetration level of computers and Internet users in Romania. The business
community is still likely to be the first to adapt to new technological advancements, such as
videoconferencing, IP telephony, and Intranets.
¾ Two advertising agencies studied the emerging Internet businesses in Romania and tried to
discover Internet users and their receptivity to on-line advertising. Regardless of low penetration
of users, the Internet seems viable for selected upmarket audiences. For expensive products such
as cars, financial services, electronics or computers, the Internet is viewed as an attractive way to
obtain a link with potential customers.
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¾ Regarding advertising strategies, websites and online banner ads are treated as organic
extensions of a company's traditional advertising campaign (newspaper/radio/TV), using the same
concept and executed along similar lines, but tailored to the web environment. The report states
that the instant reaction from customers makes it possible to tailor advertising to suit the market.
¾ The popular local websites, mostly built as portals, contain entertainment information and news,
as well as choices for shopping online. They offer forum applications, free e-mail and chat rooms.
They also include directories with resources in any issue of interest, attracting a very diverse
group of users to their website. Often times, though, they are not continuously updated, and a
large part of the links to other organizations either cannot be opened or referred organizations are
no longer in existence. Other features like currency converters or banking information, weather
forecasts and news briefs, are typically updated daily.
Source: Harvard E-readiness Report
¾ Internet is mainly used for finding/posting information, communication, and downloading
software. The key factor seems to be the need for communication. E-mail and communication
services (chat, for example) seem to be widely popular. Recent research shows that Romanians
access the Internet mainly at the office (53%) or from school (28 %).
¾ As in most of the emerging markets, the profile of the first people to use the Internet in Romania
was those with high income and education. However, the situation was slightly changed in 1999.
Market analyses show that Internet users have become more diversified recently, with an increase
in, for example, the number of mid-educated users. The research profiled 300,000 Internet users
in Romania in 1999 with the following characteristics: 75% male, high income, aged 18-34,
graduates, living in urban areas. Women count not more than 30% of the market.
ICT for learning
¾ Enhancing education with information and communication technologies is a priority of the
Romanian Ministry of Education and Research.
¾ Due to several funding programs there are schools with hundreds of users at the moment.
Every high school in the country – numbering 1.500, except for the vocational ones -, have been
equipped with computers during the program called “Acceleration of Introduction of Computers
and of Internet Access in the Schools of Romania”, approved by the Government in September
2001, within the program “The e-Learning System” (SEI).
¾ The primary and vocational schools are less equipped. Even if the school has PCs, many of
them are not connected to the Internet and the access of pupils is restricted at the computer
usage lessons.
As a direct consequences, a lot of software applications and integrated systems are implemented
in the learning field and related areas.
¾ Financing sources:
- Romanian Government program SEI (The e-Learning System);
- Phare funds;
- EU Community programmes dedicated to learning (YOUTH, Leonardo da Vinci,
SOCRATES)
- Word Bank loans;
Other values regarding the number of employees and education
•250 research centres (universities and institutes)
•ROEDUNET - National Education Network
•ORACLE, CYSCO, IBM, Microsoft academic initiatives
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•30.000 engineering graduates yearly, of whom 5.000 graduates/year specialize in ICT
•The Brain Bench Global IT IQ Report 2001 places Romania on the 1st place in Europe, and
the 6th worldwide, in the classification of geographical areas with the highest concentration of
certified professionals in 30 of the most critical IT skill areas.
•100% income tax exemption for IT specialists – in force since the summer of 2001stimulates young specialists to work in their own country & incentive for companies who
employ highly qualified professionals
E-learning and distance learning (DE)
Several distance learning and e-learning projects have been undertaken in Romania. Since 1997,
through Socrates, Tempus and PHARE programs, together with the Ministry of Education, many
DE Centers exist in the important universities, within Erasmus-Socrates European-funded
projects. One of the most active is the Center for Multimedia and Distance Education from the
Technical University of Cluj.
Educational software
¾ Although major IT companies offer or sell to the software needed for equipping IT laboratories
to universities and schools educational software is only now starting to be in demand by the local
market, due to the general lack of presence of IT in the Romanian educational system.
¾ Smaller Romanian companies staffed with as little as 2-3 persons, have created educational
software especially for high schools, such as a tool designed for learning epidemiology and
biostatistics, or Mathematics on PC 1.0, designed to help high school students improve their math
scores. The administrative staff of schools is another group for which IT specialists design special
programs like Admission and Baccalaureate in high schools and vocational schools.
¾ Most educational packages offer foreign language courses: French, English, German,
Japanese, Spanish, etc, as well as meta-language courses: business English, super success for
the TOEFL test (Test of English as a Foreign Language), etc.
¾ GIS is imported and customized software, having had a successful penetration in the
educational software market within an Erasmus program for higher education funded by European
Union. The GIS programs can be downloaded by the students directly from the server.
¾ The Leonie Delphi survey confirms that the majority of the trends which effect the present and
future development of education and training in EU are present in Romania too. Among the trends
considered to have a strong influence on the development of elearning services in Romania are
the rise of knowledge economy, diffusion of new forms of media and the shift from a teachercentred to a learner-centred paradigm.
¾ During the past years e-Learning services have been developing in Romania at a swift pace.
There are already a large number of domestic e-learning solutions available on the market. Some
examples follow. AEL e-learning is a complex platform developed by SIVECO and offers support
for teaching and learning. AEL can be used for the learning process either assisted by the teacher
or for individual education. AEL is implemented in primary/secondary education system and in
some corporations for internal training. AEL received various international awards, among which
“The European IST Prize Nominee” from Eurocase. SOFTWIN is a very active company in
providing e-learning content for interactive courses, virtual libraries and electronic dictionaries.
MCIT reported that in Romania exist around 530 interactive learning materials. Together with an
American partner, SOFTWIN developed a complex mobile learning system for American students.
In 2003 the company lunched two educational portals for secondary school and currently is
participating in a consortium to implement the BBC's “digital curriculum service”.
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(Source: Harvard E-readiness Report)
e-Government
¾ Real e-government is not yet a reality in Romania, but initial progress has been made. Most of
the governmental institutions have a website and some of them regularly use communication tools
like e-mail.
¾ The type of information that can be found on governmental websites varies - ranging from
background information about the country (population, territorial -administrative units, economic
agents), to transportation maps (traffic networks), to history, organizational structure, or legislation
. As part of an institutional reform program, a gradual transition towards the electronic
transmission of documents between ministries/departments should be taking place in the near
future.
Internet based interaction between citizens or companies and the public sector is negligible. The
Ministry of National Education, for example, has its own website serving as a resource center for
students and parents. Relevant information about exams and admission procedures to public
schools can be found on the web. Yet the application forms must be collected and submitted in
person.
¾ Government entities may receive e-mails, but the communication usually takes place in a
traditional manner - via telephone, fax, or direct contact. No other on-line interaction takes place
between citizens and the government. However, in Bucharest a district mayor has the intention of
starting an e-government project, but at this point the most users can do is download various
documents. In the future, as a result of a partnership with a country portal (Romania Development
Gateway), users would be able to use real electronic government applications.
¾ A division of the Private Sector Institutional Development Program (PIBL) of the World Bank
(WB), negotiated a loan with the government for developing the Romania Gateway project, a
country portal designed to develop e-government applications. The website will facilitate access to
a series of directories and online resource collections. One of the goals of this project is to inform
and involve the public in main development issues like pension reform, social safety nets,
privatization, etc. Informational services dedicated to this program will include news, forums,
transaction centers, possibilities for professional orientation, and other necessary information.
¾ In the last years (especially after year 2000) was created the entire legislative framework
concerning the implementation of e-Government in Romania, but also, generally, for encouraging
the ICT, the use of Internet or e-commerce.
¾ Beside those regulations, the Government (the Ministry of Communications and Information
Technology) is preparing two very important projects of law, from the public administration’s point
of view: a standard for the public institutions’ web pages (design) and the framework for the
interoperability.
¾ Unfortunately, some of these regulations, that stipulated compulsory measures for local public
administration institutions did not included at the beginning also sanctions for not complying it.
¾ Several months after the deadline, a lot of local authorities did not complied the law and not
implemented the system. Only very recently, after repeated press signals, the Government issued
a new regulation, which included sanctions (fines) for the authorities that are not respecting the
law and does not offer fully functional e-tax systems.
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¾ As answer to eEurope+, Romania approved through Government Decision no. 1440/2002,
National Strategy for Promoting of New Economy and implementing of Information Society. This
document contains measures related to e-government, component that represents the offering of
public services in electronic form. Strategy for passing to e-government includes a combination of
the following elements: encouraging the competition on the telecommunication market, reform and
modernizing of central and local administration through information technology methods and also
through eadministratie sectoral strategy application and application of e-business and ecommerce principles.
¾ Through collecting statistic data electronic system (SIGMA), accessing to address www.estatistica.ro and http://e-statistica.e-licitatie.ro, it was launched 4 surveys having in view to
establish how many SMEs use PC, have Internet connection, have their web pages, how many
SMEs participate to on-line procurement, as well as the amount of the procurements or how many
SMEs make e-commerce operations. Romania signed the Action Plan eEurope+, assuming the
implementing of it.
¾ Beside the normative regulations, the National Trade Register Office initiated and collaborated
with the representatives of Ministry of Justice for the elaboration of: draft law regarding the
simplifying of the formalities at the registration in the trade register of natural persons, family
associations and legal persons, fiscal registration as well as legal persons licensing, approved by
Parliament, through which exist a separation between registration to the trade register and
traders’ licensing, the terms of registration will be diminished and will be regulated precisely and
detailed the proceedings that must be followed, therefore to facilitate the applicants access to the
offered services and to create the premises for transmitting the petitions by correspondence or by
electronic way.
¾ At the same time, the separation of responsibility in the administrative level of the trade register
offices to the one of licensing public institutions maintained.
Also, taking in consideration the large number of firms that does not need functioning licences at
the setting-up or by case during their life time, the licensing of functioning its made in the base of
applicant statement on own liability, although the legal term of emitting the annex that contains
these confirmations of the licensing institutions have not been modified.
¾ At the same time with the reason of simplifying the taxes and duties, the National Trade
Register Office created the possibility of using as payment method of the cards emitted by Visa or
Mastercard.
Source - European Charter For Small Enterprizes 2004 National Report – Romania
e-Procurement
¾ The Electronic System of Public Procurement (www.e-licitatie.ro), functional since 4th of March,
2002 based on Government Ordinance 20/2002 (public acquisitions through e-procurement) is the
most successful and most known Romanian e-Government project, appreciated not only by the
users, but also at international level.4 e-Procurement contributed at the simplification of the
contact between the business environment and the administration and allowed an efficient public
funds management.
Initiatives of Ministry of Communications and Information Technology:
- Since 16th of October 2003 the Academy of Economic Study hosts the Romanian-Korean
Internet Access Centre (IAC).
- On 22 October 2003 in the University Polytechnic of Bucharest was opened the Centre of
Competency Linux, destined to the students, business and governmental society. In October
2003 4 access centres to communication services, Internet and PC (located in Balasesti,
Frecatei, Iana and Rebricea villages) were opened.
- On 24 February 2004 was signed by MCTI, MEC and Microsoft the Memorandum regarding to
implementation of the Program “Partners for Education” as a part of the global program developed
by Microsoft Romania.
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- Another initiative is software parks that must be part of the Romanian even-tempered
development strategy.
- As priorities and initiatives to support the SMEs development we take into consideration the
change of the training sessions for the economic agents who put on-line the obligation to the
state, organised in common with Ministry of Communication and Information Technology and
National Agency of Fiscal Management from the Ministry of Public Finances and which were
carried on in a classic way, face to face, with remote training sessions from, e-learning type.
¾ Concerning e-Content, Romania is part of the last year eContent program, which gives the
Romanian companies the opportunity to submit projects in order to obtain part of the
approximately 27 millions euros offered by the European Union. Romania participates in the eContent Community program in the following fields:
- improving the access to information and extending the use of information in the public sector;
- stimulating the digital content production in a multicultural and multilinquistic environment;
- increasing the dynamism of the digital content market.
Source - European Charter for Small Enterprizes 2004 National Report – Romania
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A1.2 Country SWOT Analysis
Romanian ICT sector: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
The Information Society is an objective of the development and not a desideratum in itself; it is an
essential component of the politic and economic programme for development and a major condition
for integration of Romania in the Euro-Atlantic structures. The transition to Information Society is one
of the strategic objectives of the Romanian Government for the 2001-2004 periods and one of the EU
pre-adhering conditions.
Based on SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis concerning the
Information Society in Romania, the following results were obtained:
•
Strengths
1. The actual government policies in favour of the development of ICT and Information
Society: the creation of the institutional framework (setting up of the Ministry of Communication
and Information Technology, setting up of the Advanced Technologies, Communications, and
Information Technology Commission at the level of the Romanian Parliament, setting up of the
Information Technology Promotion Group), of the regulatory framework (adoption of a series of
regulations specific to the field and in accordance with Acquis requirements), the active presence of
the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) field in international co-operation
development, the promotion of some facilities for ICT development.
2. Resources and human potential of high quality, recognised at the international level (general
knowledge, creativity, foreign languages).
3. Consolidation and enhancement of the ICT community that can be noticed by a higher
involvement of the companies, experts and professional associations in the transition towards the
Information Society.
4. Increased rates of PC Acquisitions and increased number of mobile phone users during the last 23 years, comparable or superior to the candidate countries. The average development of ICT in
Romania is of 15% in comparison with the world rate of 8%.
5. The possibility of extending Internet access due to the large number of TV cable subscribers
(71%) and of the mobile telephony users.
6. Consolidation of the telecommunications operator market and development of a national
infrastructure on optic fibre (16.500 km in 2001 and predicted 19.570 km. in 2002)
7. Support granted by the state authorities for the investments in ICT field.
•
Weaknesses
1. Low level of the access to the communications and Internet services, due to price policies and to
the reduced level of the infrastructure investments.
2. Low level of the Gross Domestic Product indicator, that does not permit reaching high levels of
endowment (hardware, software, communication devices) to assure services and applications specific
to IS.
3. Business environment has insufficient incentive for using new information and communications
technologies and for opening to e-business.
4. Slow implementation of the legislation concerning copyright in ICT field, with consequences
on the level, still high, of software piracy.
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5. The average salary of ICT specialists is reduced, in comparison with developed countries.
6. The number of PCs and the penetration of the Internet in secondary and high schools are
still maintained at a low level in comparison with the average of the candidate countries.
7. Penetration rate of public telephony system is under 20% in comparison with an average of
36% for Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, placing Romania last but one in the
2001statistics.
8. The number of 4.5 Internet users/100 inhabitants in Romania at the end of 2001, in comparison
with an average of 14.5 in CEE countries.
•
Opportunities
1. The existence of a human, cultural potential and of a political decision to leverage the
opportunities offered by passing to the Information Society – a knowledge-based one - and to the new
economy.
2. The possibility to assure a sustainable economic growth, based on the new technologies, by
producing value-added products and services.
3. Obtaining external funds from the international organisms (mainly EU) for projects that will assure
the modernisation of public administration, citizens’ access to public information, development of
business environment and life quality improvement.
4. The possibility to attain the IS development pace requested by the integration in EU, based on
adopted action plans and policies (e-Europe 2002, e-Europe+, e-Europe2005).
5. Accelerated growth of the worldwide demand for ICT products and services.
•
Threats
1. The job market in the field, in the developed countries, leads to young specialists’ migration
towards these countries.
2. The reduced number of policies for the attraction of strategic partners and investors (with
capital, technology, market), to allow for the development of Romanian competence in the
implementation of systems and complex software packages and for the development of information
infrastructure, based on advanced technologies.
3. The existing technological discrepancy in comparison with developed countries in the
research and innovation field.
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Source: IT Opportunities in Romania – ITProvision Belgium/Romania
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The importance of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) in Romania
Romania has a high potential for developing the Information Society, based on the existence of a pool
of highly qualified experts in the IT field and on a software industry in full growth and supported by a
consistent governmental effort. The main condition in the process of capitalizing on this potential is to
continuously develop the information and communications infrastructure, together with increasing the
population skills in this field.
The evolution of the Knowledge System (KS) in Romania has been mostly influenced by four main
actors: public authorities, public and private consultative bodies, private companies and EU
institutions. Since 2001, the Romanian government has declared the development of the Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) sector as a strategic priority for the national economy. As a
result the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) has been invested with the
authority for developing the strategic policy for the ICT sector. It becomes the main actor in
implementing the Action Plan for the ICT sector in Romania.
The evolution of governmental policies to develop the KS in Romania has been strongly influenced by
the accession to EU in 2007. A significant body of legislation and initiatives has been developed
during 2001-2004 to stimulate and sustain the development of ICT sector. The Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) has elaborated a series of strategies closely
mirroring the ones set by the eEurope/+/2005 programmes. To satisfy the requirements of the EU
accession, between 2001 and 2004 the Group for Promoting the Information Technology (GPIT)
approved over 180 projects worth over 700 million Euros. In the context of the Lisbon strategy and of
the European regulation framework, the government program mentions the following objectives
concerning the development of KS over the period 2005 – 2008:
Starting from July 2001, the Romanian Government approved the income tax exception for the
software developers, which, in about a year had as effect an average increase of 40% of the
personnel engaged in these activities. The personnel migration decreased during this period from
15% to 2% and were registered numerous cases of Romanian specialists who came back after few
years spent abroad. The number of ICT specialists working in the private sector has increased during
the last two years with 82%.
The newly adopted Government Programme16 gives an increased interest to the RDI sector. The
primary objective is to help the Romanian economy obtain a durable competitive advantage as well as
to decrease the development gaps existing among Romanian regions. Over the period 2005 – 2008
the Romanian Government has the following strategic objectives:
• Elaboration and regulation of mechanisms that ensure the technological transfer to the
industry and to establish the long term connection between the RDI and economic sectors;
• Increase of the public expenditure for the RDI sector up to 1 % from GDP by 2007,
complying with the objectives established within Chapter 17 Science and Research negotiated
with the EU;
• Strengthening the institutional capacity of public authorities to elaborate and implement the RDI policies.
Source: Future Prospects in Romania: Scenarios for the Development of the Knowledge Society in Romania –
Constantin Zamfirescu, Florin Filip, Boldur Barbat
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The influence of ICT on Romania’s economy
In Romania, the ICT market must be evaluated in a 3-4 years perspective, in order to define the
orientations and strategic options associated with the action lines necessary to reach priority
objectives concerning the development of this field.
In 2001, the Romanian ICT market is evaluated (EITO-2002) at 2 627 million EURO and the Internet
services market is evaluated at 37.2 million EURO, with a trend to reach 38 million EURO in 2002.
Assuming 20% and, respectively 50% annual growth rates the figures are the following:
Growth rate
(no. /1000 inhabitants)
50%
20%
2001 2002
2003
2004
2001 2002
2003
2004
Registered Internet
addresses (Web sites)
1,2
1,44
1,73
2,08
1,2
1,8
2,7
4,05
Internet users
33
39,6
47,52
57,03
33
49,5
74,25
111,4
PCs
39
46,8
56,16
67,4
39
58,5
87,75
131,6
Telephone lines
177
212,4
254,9
305,9
177
265,5
398,2
597,3
Mobile telephones
162
194,4
233,3
279,96 162
243
364,5
546,8
Indicators
Source: IDC, World Bank, ANISP, and Roland Berger Study
Year
Growth rate
20%
50%
2001
2002
880
880
1056
1056
(thousands of PCs)
2003
2004
1237,2
1980
1485
2970
Source: IDC, World Bank, ANISP, and Roland Berger Study
The Government projects launched in 2001, associated with the foreseen legal and regulatory
framework and the economic growth for sectors that are big ICT consumers (industry, including
SMEs, finances - banks, trade etc.) can ensure high catch-up speed for most of the indicators. It can
be stated that electronic commerce will represent an important segment of domestic and international
market; firm action and concrete steps are recquired to support and stimulate this field.
If one takes into consideration the data included in Yearbook of World Electronic and those provided
by the Ministry of Industry and Resources for 2000 as well as the estimations for 2001, the following
dimensions of the offer in ICT field can be evaluated:
ICT products and services
Year and growth rate
Products and services
Computing equipment
Active components
Telecommunications equipment
Components and subsystems
Office equipment
Measure and control devices
Software and ICT services
TOTAL
Final
(mil. EURO)
2002
2001
460
16
570
711
24
132
200
2119
2003
2004
20%
50%
20%
50%
20%
50%
552
19,2
684
853,2
28,8
396
240
2773,2
690
24
855
1066,5
36
198
300
3169,5
662,4
23,4
820,8
1023,8
34,56
475,2
288
3328,2
1035
28,8
1282,5
1605
54
297
450
4752,3
794,9
28
984,9
1228,6
41,5
570,2
345,6
3993,7
1242
34,56
1923,7
1867,4
81
445,5
675
6269,16
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Taking into account a 50% annual growth rate and starting from the volume of products and services
estimated in 2001 at 2119 million EURO, in 2004 a total amount of 6269 million EURO will be
reached. For this domestic market size (about 6 300 million EURO) the value of exported products
and services, especially in the applications and software fields, must be of minimum 3 000 million
EURO (≈ 50%), in order to cover expenses made to develop the information and communications
infrastructure and to train EU level specialists.

After the severe reduction suffered after 1989, the hardware industry in Romania managed to
restructure through the presence in the market of new producers which are currently dealing mainly
with the assembly of equipment imported from Asia. Foreign companies have an active presence,
with approximately 50% of the market share.
The software industry had a remarkable development. There are over 4800 companies which
There are over 8.100 ICT companies with over 86.000 employees. Mainly due to the favourable
tax system for very small companies (profits tax of 25% is replaced with an income tax of 1.5%) their
number has increased representing 92% of the total number of companies in the sector.
The sector has an important contribution to the national economy as its contribution to the
turnover of all businesses exceeds 4% and 7.6% to their profit, despite the fact that ICT companies
Table: ICT sector analysis
Total ICT
No of
companies
No of
employees
Turnover
Net profit
Million Euro
Million Euro
Very
small
7,455
Small
Medium
Large
Total
550
88
24
8,117
% of total
business
1.96%
9,030
11,156
8,453
57,473
86,112
2.32%
286
63
406
40
311
28
2,367
205
3,370
335
4.02%
7.68%
The Romanian IT market is in a continuous developing process. With a level of growth more than
12% in 2003, one of the highest in the Central and Eastern European countries becomes one of the
most attractive in the region.
With a market value of a € 3.3 billion the Romanian ICT market remains small in comparison to many
other Central and Eastern European countries, but it is exhibiting some of the highest levels of growth
across the region.
Table: Overview of IT spending for CEE in 2003
IT spending (in € million)
Bulgaria
1.764
Czech Republic
6.549
Estonia
740
Hungary
5.957
Latvia
890
Lithuania
1.044
Poland
14.808
Romania
3.364
Slovakia
2.011
Slovenia
1.485
Total CEE
38.613
Share in %
4.6
17.0
1.9
15.4
2.3
2.7
38.4
8.7
5.2
3.8
100.0
Source: Assessment of the situation and development prospects of the IT sector, 2004 – ARIES
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Due to the measures undertaken by the Romanian government such as the liberalization of
telecommunications market and also to the growth trend of the market for mobile and internet the
forecasts for the next few years indicate some of highest level of growth in CEE countries.
In 2003 the Romanian IT market reaches a value of € 719 million. Even if the hardware expenditure
remains the main segment of IT Romanian market, the software and services become to be more and
more important. The estimations show an IT services market shared among: project services (51%),
hardware maintenance (35%) and outsourcing services (only 14%). The main reason for this structure
is referring to the fact that most of IT services will be provided in the public sector which is targeted to
hardware acquisition and to complex projects for systems implementation for telecommunications,
utilities, banking, manufacturing and government administration.
The rate of penetration for mobile communication is one of the greatest in the region in spite of the
fact that, quantitative speaking, the business lags behind other countries in the region. The
liberalization of the telecommunication sector was finalized in 2003 and the full harmonization with the
EU regulatory framework will be finished by the end of 2004. Liberalization of the telecommunications
market, preparations for EU accession, and improved macroeconomic indicators are drivers that will
influence the initiation of large IT services projects in the telecommunications, utilities, banking,
manufacturing, and government administration sectors of the market.
Table: Romania, ICT market value, € mill (EITO estimations for the rates of growth from the years to come)
Romania
Server systems
Workstations
PCs
Add-ons
Computer hardware
Copiers
Other office
equipment
Office equipment
Mobile telephone
sets
Other endcommunications
equipment
End user
communication
equipment
LAN hardware
PBX, key systems
and circuit switching
equipment
Cellular mobile radio
infrastructure
Packet switching &
routine equipment
Other dotcoms and
network equipment
Datacom and
network equipment
Total ICT equipment
System software
Application software
Final
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
92
0
256
100
437
24
35
2002/01
%
26.7
-20.4
21.5
12.7
20.2
-3.6
7.2
2003/02
%
7.8
-18.6
12.9
9.7
11.2
-0.4
8.2
2004/03
%
7.0
-11.4
5.7
9.5
6.8
3.8
7.6
2005/04
%
22.9
-12.9
5.6
8.1
9.4
4.6
7.3
51
1
160
68
280
23
26
65
0
194
77
336
23
28
70
0
219
84
374
22
30
75
0
232
93
399
23
32
49
147
50
161
52
172
55
179
59
182
2.1
9.9
4.4
6.4
6.0
4.6
6.2
1.3
100
101
100
98
97
1.2
-0.5
-2.0
-1.6
246
262
272
278
278
6.4
3.7
2.1
0.3
20
153
24
174
25
167
26
159
28
150
19.8
13.7
5.6
-3.8
5.4
-5.1
4.7
-5.1
235
257
263
269
273
9.5
2.3
2.1
1.6
38
50
56
63
70
31.6
12.5
11.7
11.7
13
16
17
18
18
19.8
5.6
5.4
4.7
458
520
528
534
539
13.5
1.5
1.1
1.0
1.033
29
31
1.169
33
336
1.226
37
42
1.266
41
46
1.313
45
52
13.1
14.9
17.5
4.9
12.1
16.0
3.3
10.4
8.5
3.7
9.3
14.2
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Software products
IT services
Fixed voice
telephone services
Fixed data services
Mobile telephone
services
CaTV services
Carrier services
Total ICT
Total IT
Total
telecommunications
60
101
591
70
105
65
79
124
679
87
143
694
97
171
701
16.2
4.0
12.5
14.2
18.8
2.2
9.4
15.1
2.1
11.9
19.2
1.1
87
663
120
774
161
834
203
1.011
257
1.175
37.7
16.7
34.0
7.8
25.7
21.2
26.8
16.2
208
1.549
2.743
553
2.190
232
1.790
3.133
642
2.491
260
1.934
3.364
719
2.645
289
2.196
3.692
782
2.909
318
2.451
4.032
870
3.162
11.3
15.6
14.2
16.0
13.8
12.1
8.0
7.4
12.0
6.2
11.1
13.5
9.7
8.8
10.0
10.0
11.6
9.2
11.2
8.7
Source: Assessment of the situation and development prospects of the IT sector, 2004 – ARIES
Other important indicators could be:
6. High growth rate of the IT industry (the Romanian IT industry rose by 10.7% to $109.27 million
in 2003 – according to a new IDC study, the continued economic expansion in the country should
result in a near doubling of the growth rate in 2004)
7. Fast developing software industry (in 2002, Romanian software exports went up to 130-140
million USD. ANIS estimates for 2003 indicate 160-180 million USD)
8. Initiation of e-government (in four areas: G2C, government - citizen interaction; G2B,
government - business interaction; G2E, government - civil servants interaction; G2G, government
- governmental institutions interaction) and especially the adoption of e-administration strategy in
September 2001)
9. Faster adoption of technologies based on mobile communications and cable TV (while the
mobile telephony growth rate of 108 percent exceeds the 73 percent average for EEC, the share
of mobile telephones in the number of conventional lines is 38 percent, similarly to EEC; Romania
is sixth in Europe in terms of cable TV subscribers i.e. 71 percent of TV set owners, adding to
whom are satellite aerial users that make up a further 9 percent )
10. The ICT average growth rate of 19 percent in Romania (as against 8 percent in the world The
total IT&C expenses in Romania have increased in the last 4 years by an average annual rate of
18.8 per cent, being estimated at USD 1.9 bln in2004, according to a survey drafted by Global
Insight for World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA)). Among the total
expenditures estimated for the period 2001-2004, those for IT are expected to grow by an average
rate of 8.4 per cent, while those for communication by 22.3 per cent. Communications will attract,
this year as well, the biggest share of the expenditures, meaning 79 per cent (USD 1.509 bln)
The turnover of companies in the communications branch is larger, showing that the sector is in full
growth, even if the consumption of individuals and businesses are still reduced. The significant
investments needed were performed by large international companies who have built the necessary
infrastructure and have employed a considerably larger number of people that the other two branches
of ICT.
The regional distribution of the companies’ active in the ITC sector shows that, in terms of turnover,
Bucharest owns the highest share in the country. This can be explained by the fact that the
headquarters of the main companies and especially those in the communications business are
located in the capital. The following graph is suggestive of this state of facts:

The total number of engineers working at the present time in Romania exceeds 70.000. According to
official statistics, at the end of the year 2002, Romania had approximately 68.000 IT&C specialists,
approximately 5.000 more than at the end of the year 2001.
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Table: The evolution of personnel from the IT&C industry in Romania
Thousands of
persons
Number of Personnel
20
15
11
10
5
18
16.5
1.7
13
16
19
4.2
4.4
2002
2003
0
2001
Year
Electronics/Telecom
Equipments(CAEN
32)
Hardware (CAEN 30)
Software and IT
services (CAEN 72)
Source: Assessment of the situation and development
prospects of the IT sector, 2004 – ARIES
At the end of the year 2002, from a total of 68.050 IT&C specialists, 10.770 specialists worked in the
Romanian IT industry (the rest worked in companies and institutions from the telecommunication
domain or in other domains of activity, other than IT), according to a recent study by the ITC Institute
from Bucharest.
The numbers refer to “IT&C specialists” defined, according to the questionnaires from the National
Institute of Statistics from Romania (INS), as graduates of a higher education institutions in a specialty
like Automatics, Computers, Electronics, Telecommunications, Mathematics, Cybernetics or
Informatics and having “IT&C” activities defines themselves as one of the “activities of programming,
analysis and projecting systems, administration, consultancy, informatics project management,
telecommunications maintenance, etc.” or they correspond to activities of the divisions CAEN: 72
(informatics), 30 (IT equipments), 32 (electronic equipments), 642 (telecommunication services).
•
Specialties structure
The analysis of the type of activities from the whole economy and administration shows the fact that
over half of the IT&C specialists (53%, 33.650 in 2001) are involved in software development
(products and services), while a quarter of them are involved in administration (system, data base,
network, Web), also shown in the ITC study. Hardware activities have 17 % of the specialists, while in
telecommunications only 6%.
It is also intereresting the detailed structure of software specialties. So, in 2001 there were 20.700
programmers (33% of the total), 9.320 analysts and system designers (15%) and 3.635 project
managers and consultants (6%).
All this data refer to the year 2001 because, unfortunately, the next year INS used another way of
classification for the activities, which doesn’t emphisise the specialties which we have refered to. Still,
if we try a comparisson between the two classifications, we can see that in the big categories
(software/administration, hardware, telecommunications), the structure from the year 2001 didn’t
change.
•
Specialties (IT Industry)
Programming
Analysis/ System design
Project management/ Consultancy
Administration
Other activities.(Hw)
Telecom
Total
Final
Hardware
18%
19%
7%
14%
32%
10%
100%
Software and services
52%
18%
8%
11%
9%
3%
100%
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Source: ITC4
•
Other statistics
As shown in above table, science and engineering courses together accounted for just over a quarter
of all tertiary studies in the EU in 2001, though engineering was marginally more popular at 14.5% of
all courses than science (11.8 %).
Source: Eurostat: Statistics on Science and Technology in Europe; Data 1991-2002. Part1
4
ITC – Romanian Institute for Computers
Final
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In the Acceding Countries, though four in ten science students were women in 2001, nearly half of all
science graduates were women (48%). In engineering, women represented 23% of Acceding Country
students yet 26% of graduates.
Final
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A1.3 Structure of Knowledge Map for National Mapping Reports
On the next page, there is the Romanian Technology sector map.
Please click on the different technology sectors represented in the knowledge diagram to reach the
parts of the report that interest you.
Please click the button at any point to get back to the Map.
Final
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Software &
services
Dependability
& security
Grid
Broadband
Cognitive
Systems
Micro/Nano
Systems
Interactive, visualisation,
simulation and mixed
realities
Knowledge, Learning and
Cognitive Systems
Software, Grids, Trust and
Dependability
Mobile &
Wireless
NW Test beds
Semantic
Systems
Embedded Systems,
Computing and Control
Technology Pillars
Ubiquitous and
Unlimited Capacity
Communication
Networks
Romania
ICT
Nano-Electronics,
Photonics and
Integrated
micro/nano-systems
ICT for
Health
ICT for
Mobility
Application Poles
ICT for the
Environment
Nano-Electronics
Photonics
Personal
Environments
Home
Environments
Multi-technology,
Multi-disciplinary
Integration
Robotic Systems
Intelligent
Infrastructures
e-Government
ICT for
organisations
and work
ICT for Learning
ICT for Media,
Culture and
Entertainment
NW Audio
Visual
Final
ICT for
Inclusion
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ICT for
Manufacturing
CEEC-IST-NET
A2 – Themes
A2.1 – Technology Pillars
These include the following activities:
9 Nano-electronics, photonics and integrated micro/nano-systems;
9 Unbiquitous and unlimited capacity communication networks;
9 Embedded systems, computing and control;
9 Software, Grids, trust and dependability;
9 Knowledge, Learning and Cognitive Systems;
9 Interaction, visualisation, simulation and mixed realities
•
The importance and relevance of “Technology Pillars” to Romania’s economy; relevant
statistics
The ICT industry
Romanian ICT sector offers a wide range of IT products and services whose potential has only recently
begun to be noticed by the world market. There are also important Romanian brands that have acquired
recognition at both national and regional level. The ICT sector was growing at a rate faster than GDP and is
expected to continue growing at this rate for the near future. Conversely, the effort made to reform the RDI
system was very weak. Due to a poor implementation of RDI policies, the RDI system is at a very basic
development stage. Institutional financing with its outdated structure is dominant, and only very recently
there seems to be systematic attempts to restructure the RDI system.
•
ICT sector
According to WITSA’s study, global ICT spending is expected to grow faster than the global economy at
approximately 7.6 % yearly. Among world regions, Eastern Europe will grow fastest at a pace of 11.9 %
yearly. The Romanian software industry is one of the region’s fastest growing sectors, with an average
increase of 18.8% yearly during the period 2001-2004.
ICT spending (millions USD)
Source: WITSA/IDC – “Digital Planet 2004- The Global Information Economy”
Final
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The Romanian ICT market features a good dynamic and high growth potential. For the period 2005-2007,
ICT spending in Romania is expected to grow at 12,2% yearly. The EU enlargement process constitutes a
strong driver for this development pattern of the Romanian ICT sector since, on the one hand, it increases
political participation in the EU technology and communications policy debate and, on the other hand, it
requires adopting and implementing the EU regulations concerning the ICT sector.
In terms of market share, the Romanian ICT market is still largely hardware oriented, but feature an
increasing share of spending on markets with the most added-value: software products and IT services.
The software market was worth 68 million EUR in 2004 and is estimated to double in 2008. This trend is
reflected in the recently launched report by the World Economic Forum where Romania, “driven by strong
across-the-board improvements, especially in the area of company sophistication”, jumped 22 ranks in the
Business Competitiveness Index.
ICT spending (millions USD)
Final
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The ICT services market grew by 22.7% in 2004 to reach €2,202 million, led by a 39.0% growth in mobile
telephone services, a market that was worth €1,140 million in 2004. Forecasts for 2005 and 2006 indicate
more modest, but still strong, growth rates, at 20.4% in 2005 (when the market will be worth €2,651 million)
and 15.3% in 2006 (when the market will be worth €3,056 million).
Unlike the equipment market, the EITO5 forecasts growth prospects for all ICT services. The traditional
fixed-line telephony services market is expected to show small rates of growth, with 2.5% forecast for 2005
and 2.2% in 2006; less than the 3.7% growth in 2004 and far stronger 6.2% increase that had been
witnessed in 2003. Growth in the mobile sector will still lead the services market as a whole, but will slow to
33.4% in 2005 and 22.0% in 2006, when the market is expected to have a value of €1,856 million. The
fixed data market is expected to grow by 11.7% in 2005 and 9.4% in 2006, raising the market value to €82
million. Unlike in many other markets, the cable TV sector has also seen, and is expected to continue to
witness, relatively strong growth. The EITO believes that Romania’s cable TV market rose by 11.1% in
2004 and will growth by a respectable 10.0% in 2005 and 8.9% in 2006, when it will be worth €289 million.
5
EITO – European Information Technology Observatory
Final
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In July 2005, Romania’s regulator, the ANRC6, announced that the turnover of the 987 providers of public
electronic communications networks and/or publicly available electronic communications services which
had provided their financial statements for 2004 amounted to €2,773 million. This was an increase of
14.2% on the turnover of €2,428 million reported to the ANRC for 2003. The total increase for 2004 is likely
to be higher as an unknown number of providers had not submitted their 2004 financial statements to the
ANRC by June 30, 2005.
• Innovativeness
With few exceptions, the current economic competitiveness of ICT sector in Romania is rather determined
by low wages than by innovation. There are many factors which could explain to a certain degree the low
interest of industry in RDI activities: absence of a competitive environment, lack of an innovation culture in
SME sector, absence of financial instruments etc.
6
ANRC – Romanian National Regulatory Authority for Communications
Final
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The lack of a consistent policy to promote an innovative culture is acknowledged in the EC’s last regular
report on Romania, and recommends that “the effort should now focus on reinforcing research-related
administrative capacity and infrastructures”. EU accession may slowly change this situation due to an
increase of competition and larger foreign investments. The increase in the state budget for research is
included in the current legislation, and Romania intends to achieve the target of 1% of GDP for research in
2007 and 3% by 2010.
While spending on ICT has grown remarkably over the last years, the relationship of IT expenditures to
GDP per-capita is still considerably lower than the EU25 average. In 2004 the gross domestic expenditure
on R&D (GERD) was 0.4% of the national GDP, much lower than in the EU25 (1.95%) or the other
countries. Business-financed R&D as a percentage of industrial output is the lowest in the EU and unable
to sustain competitive research projects. The situation is similar with regard to the number of researchers
and scientific publications and patents. Nevertheless, the share of the business sector in financing GERD is
close to the EU25 average.
RDI indicators
Electronic Data Processing
Hardware manufacturers fared badly during the transition from the COMECON regime to the free market.
As Romanian hardware was slower, had lower capacity, was harder to maintain, energy-inefficient, costlier
and generally out-of-date compared with Western hardware, which had suddenly become widely available,
the state companies came to the brink of closure. As state funding for mainstream computers also dried up,
demand for local hardware consequently imploded and local firms were forced to diversify or shut down.
There were three major players (Flamingo, K-Tech, Comrace) and a number of other small players in the
market. The quality products, efficient assembly process, smart thinking and design, resulted in reliable
and high performing machines and in a huge awareness on the Romanian market for these local brand
PCs. Many companies received ISO 9001 certification for their assembly activity including design. Local
manufacturing accounted for 48-50% of the EDP market and produced about 50,000 PCs annually.
System Integrators
There are a number of private sector system integration firms; the larger ones typically employ 30-60 staff.
These system integrators source hardware and related software from various vendors and provide total
service and support to customers. The activities of system integrators include:
•
•
•
•
Purchase of hardware;
Purchase of retail software packages covering accounts, purchasing, inventory, sales and MIS
reporting functions;
Installation of hardware systems;
Creation of customized links and a Romanian interface for software packages;
Final
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•
•
•
Installation of software systems;
Client staff training; and
Continuing support.
The work of such firms tends to be more software than hardware focused, and they represent an important
pool of Romania's current software capabilities. As the IT sector has grown, many existing companies have
been converting themselves into service providers for large corporations such as IBM, Compaq, HewlettPackard, Dell, Acer, Cisco, 3COM etc.
Software companies such as Microsoft, Novell, SCO Unix and Oracle are all represented in Romania. They
utilize the services of local firms, as well as authorized resellers and distributors, for marketing and
application development based on their standard software. The local companies develop applications using
the standard packages to meet the requirements of their customers. Localization and content creation are
the main service areas for the local companies.
The Romanian IT market will increase by 12% in 2005 compared with last year, according to officials from
US software giant Microsoft, who quoted data from a recent survey by researcher IDC. The same survey
shows that the software market will double in size by 2008.
The Romanian software market was worth 84 million dollars last year (68 million euros at the average
annual exchange rate), and will amount to 134 million dollars (103.7 million euros) by 2008, says IDC. It is
expected to reach 95 million dollars (73 million euros) in 2005.
Growth of the software market will also lead to an increase in the number of jobs in this sector, Microsoft
officials say. Software specialists will account for around 43% of total IT sector employees in Romania in
2008.
The computer software sector in Romania is vibrant, employing about 25,000 skilled software
professionals. The industry is delivering software and services worth about US$150 million per year. There
are a couple of large companies employing about 400 employees and many small companies. But as a
rule, a very large number of one- and two-person software firms with low turnover typify the market. These
are often set up by IT professionals who have left R&D institutions, or by recent IT graduates.
The Romanian language and the specific requirements of Romanian legal, government and business
practices have enabled the industry to develop local solutions or adapt standard software packages to
meet the demand.
The work of the smaller companies is related to:
- Custom-built software for SMEs and the SoHo segment.
- Through customizing existing software packages for SMEs and SoHo (building databases and
spreadsheets, using application programming languages like Visual Basic, and/or adding a Romanian
interface to the package),
- Trading imported software packages.
Larger Romanian companies offer services in all typical software development processes, including
consulting, modelling, development, implementation, integration, testing, re-engineering and maintenance;
web-based applications and tools; e-commerce / e-business applications; design, development and
deployment of distributed architecture applications; custom XML application development; and SM/SGM
standard implementation. These companies concentrate on the major segment of software product
development, IT services and IT-enabled services.
In the last 4-5 years, a spectacular evolution had the development of applications for domains with high
growth rates, like the banking sector, mobile telecommunications and data security.
Final
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The development of e-government and e-administration applications represented an important niche for
many Romanian software producers and it is due to a very big investment program that the public
administration started in the year 2000.
The software industry in Romania is poised for exponential growth as many large corporations are
considering Romania as their offshore software development base. Microsoft, Cisco, Motorola, Ericsson
etc. are a few large corporations, which have established their subsidiaries in Romania to take advantage
of the low cost skilled software professionals.
Official data offered by Ministry of Economy and Commerce indicate rates of annual growth of over 30 %,
much more than the rate of growth of the GDP (around 5%).
Sector analysis show that the IT&C firms represent a percent of 1.96% out of the number of firms from
Romania, and they realize over 4 % of the turnover and 7.68 % of the total profit of the economy.
Industrial Production
1000
890
Mil USD
800
600
686
576
430
400
200
232
50
Electronics/Telecom
Equipments(CAEN 32)
Hardware (CAEN 30)
317
110
130
2002
2003
Software and IT
services (CAEN 72)
0
2001
Year
Source: MEC7, 2004
The table below shows that the hardware production has a limited contribution to the sector performance.
This can be explained by the low appeal of the Romanian business environment, especially during the
period when such investment took place in other CEE countries (1994 – 1998), but also by the important
investment needed to start such an activity, beyond the possibilities of local investors. Such investments
are intended for significantly larger markets (in terms of units sold) than Romania, which requires the
existence of export markets. A success story in this branch is the investment of around USD 100 million of
the US Company Solectron, which, even if it deals only with the assembly of equipment (mobile phones
and IT hardware) has over 2,500 employees, and exports the entire production to the European branches
of the holding company. The main local investments in assembly of PC’s are Flamingo, Ktech and Best
Computers.
Software has a more significant weight within the sector and is mostly represented by a large number of
very small businesses, due mainly to the tax advantages. The law in force at the end of 2003 allows tax
exemptions only to the IT specialist employees that are graduates of at least one of the four specialized
universities and not to all people active in the field that have attended specialized postgraduate courses.
The turnover of companies in the communications branch is larger, showing that the sector is in full growth,
even if the consumption of individuals and businesses are still reduced. The significant investments needed
were performed by large international companies who have built the necessary infrastructure and have
employed a considerably larger number of people that the other two branches of ICT.
7
MEC – Romanian Ministry of Education and Research
Final
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Table: ICT sector analysis
Equipments
No of
companies
No of
employees
Million Euro
Turnover
Million Euro
Net profit
Very small
348
Small
51
Medium
11
Large
3
Total
413
418
993
1,272
1,506
4,189
31
3
90
4
61
1
98
7
280
15
Software
No of
companies
No of
employees
Turnover
Net profit
Very small
5,683
Small
339
Medium
46
Large
2
Total
6,070
6,449
6,711
4,005
732
17,897
173
44
202
28
173
19
16
2
564
92
Million Euro
Million Euro
Source: adapted from World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report, 2002-2003 and 2003-2004
Communication
The European Information Technology Observatory (EITO) 2005 estimated the information and
communications technology (ICT) market in Romania to have grown in value by 20.2%% to €3,637 million
in 2004, following growth of 13.2% the previous year. The EITO expects the growth rate to slow to a still
respectable 14.2% in 2005 and 13.1% in 2006. Thus, Romania's ICT market should be worth
approximately €4,697 million by the end of 2006.
The market for ICT equipment surged by 18.4% in 2004, but growth is expected to slow in 2005, to 4.2%,
before picking up again in 2006, at 9.1%. The two equipment sub-markets that witnessed the highest rates
of growth in 2004 were mobile phones, which rose by 50.6% after strong growth of 28.0% in 2003, and the
LAN hardware market, which increased by 43.9% in 2004 after growing by 18.9% in 2003. Growth in both
sectors is expected to fall off in 2005. The mobile phone sub-market is expected to grow by only 1.5% in
2005, before picking up again in 2006 to grow by 21.7% to €365 million. Two sectors of the ICT equipment
market declined during 2004, ‘other’ end-user equipment (which fell 2.0% to €82 million) and PBX, key
systems, and circuit switching equipment (which fell by 5.1% to €132 million). Both sectors are expected to
continue to decline through to 2006.
The last stage of the telecommunications market liberalization took place in 2003, when, starting January
1st, the fixed line telephony monopoly ended. The liberalization process started in 1991 and has covered
the following markets:
•
•
•
•
•
Final
Terminal equipment (liberalization in 1991; the devices have to gain a type authorisation);
Data transmission (liberalization in 1992; local loop belongs mainly to the incumbent operator);
Mobile radio-communication (liberalization in 1992; licensing are awarded based on the available
radio spectrum);
Satellite communication services (partially liberalized in 1992 for VSAT equipment and various
types of services and later on extended in 1996);
Broadcast of radio and TV programmes; (liberalized in 1992; the National Radio communication
Company provides services of transport of national radio and TV programs produced by the
Romanian Radio and Television Broadcasting Company an the Romanian Television Company)
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With Romania's fixed-line telecommunications services market having been fully-liberalised only in January
2003, there is - as yet - no substantial competition to incumbent operator ROM Telecom. Most of the
companies that provide services in Romania make use of small privately-owned networks (in the case of
utilities) or ROM Telecom's own local loop and national backbone (in the case of value-added service
providers). The most significant threat to ROM Telecom is likely to come from the cable TV sector, which
has seen a large degree of consolidation in recent times leading to three large multiple-system operators
(MSOs): Astral Telecom, RCS & RDS, and UPC Romania. Astral and RCS & RDS jointly acquired FX
Communications in April 2004 although it is not known whether the company continues to be operated
independently or whether the operator’s 110,000 subscribers (at the end of 2003) have been split between
the two rivals. Astral consolidated its position as the largest player in Romania through its January 2005
acquisition of Cable Vision of Romania (CVR), majority owned by ROM Telecom. The latest subscriber
figures available for CVR indicate a customer base of nearly 41,000 at the end of 2001. However, in June
2005, Astral itself became the acquisition target of Liberty Media, the ultimate parent company of UPC
Romania. The deal is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2005 and will create a MSO with 1,250,000
customers.
The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) reported in November 2004 that over
half of Romania’s 7.3 million households were connected to cable TV networks - a captive audience of
some 3.75 million households for the cable operators. Most households connected to cable TV were in
urban areas, where the penetration rate is four times higher than in rural areas.
ANRC data shows that there were 4,389,082 fixed telephony subscribers at the end of 2004, giving a
penetration rate of 20.24%. At that time, there were 424,825 requests for telephone service where the
technical conditions for installation had not been met, down from 464,966 at the end of 2003.
ANRC data indicates that total voice traffic originated in public telephone networks rose by over 50%
between 2002 and 2004, with 15,530 million minutes recorded in 2004. Of the total, 57.4% was voice traffic
originated in the fixed public network sand 42.6% originated in mobile public networks, including roaming.
Of the total traffic volume of 11,083 million minutes in the fixed public networks in 2004, 79.6% was voice
traffic and 20.4% was Internet traffic.
Nevertheless, it is expected that, within a short period, the number of the local fixed telephony suppliers will
increase significantly, considering that ANRC granted, after the 1st of January 2003, over 40 licences for
using the numbering resources. The stated objective of the authorities is increasing the degree of fixed
telephony penetration considering that the average rate of 21% of the population recorded until December
2003 is quite low compared to the 36% rate in CEE countries.
Mobile telephony has experienced an enormous development since 1995. Romania's mobile
communications market is now well-established, with four players providing services to some 11.4 million
customers as of June 30, 2005. However, the two largest operators, Orange Romania and MobiFon,
account for approximately 96% of the market. Although the fortunes of the two smaller operators,
Cosmorom and Telemobil, are being turned around, it is unlikely that they will ever be able to compete on
an equal basis with their two established rivals.
Orange Romania and MobiFon, which operates under the Connex brand, were both licensed in November
1996 and launched GSM services in April 1997. In March 2001, MobiFon and Orange Romania were
authorised to use the 1800MHz range of the spectrum from January 1, 2003. The two companies were the
only bidders for the four 3G mobile licences made available in November 2004.
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Despite the early launch of 3G services, MobiFon is beginning to lose market share to Orange Romania.
ITI estimated Orange’s market share at 47.1% at the end of 2003, with MobiFon accounting for 49.1% of
the market. By the end of 2004, according to their reported subscriber figures, Orange Romania had some
28,000 subscribers more than its nearest rival. This trend continued through the first half of 2005, with
Orange signing up more than twice as many new subscribers by June 30, 2005 than MobiFon, giving it a
subscriber base of 5,724,000 and an estimated market share of 50.4%.
Data Transmissions, Internet Access and Leased Lines Services
As of mid-August 2005, 1,063 companies were authorized to operate provide Internet access, nearly
double the number of ISPs a year earlier. A further 648 companies were authorized to offer data
transmission services, up from 494 a year earlier. It is not known how many of these companies were
actually providing services. According to the ANRC, 28.0% of Romania's ISPs (or 296 companies) were
providing access services via dial-up connections as of August 2005, while another 28.0% (295
companies) provided access via coaxial cable connections, 22.3% (236 companies) offered services via
leased lines, and 54.8% (579 companies) used radio access connections. The vast majority (91.0%) of
Internet companies had indirect access to international networks as of August 2005, while 5.6% (59
companies) had direct optical fiber connections, 4.4% (46 companies) used leased lines, and 2.3% (24
companies) used satellite connections.
Cable television
This market is in full consolidation, concentration and diversification of services process.The network
operators gradually changing their offer to the provision of data transport and internet services. The main 6
cable TV companies accounted for over 75% of the market in December 2003, the most important such
operators being: Astral Telecom Romania, Romanian Cable Systems (RCS), UPC and FX.
The cable operators are currently upgrading their networks, using fibre optics, in order to be able to provide
integrated communication services: TV broadcasts, data and voice transmission.
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Discussing on the cable TV market, the ministry of telecommunications indicated that the penetration
degree of cable TV in urban area is 78.5%, and of 17% in rural area. The cable TV is close to saturation in
the urban area. Besides the specific services, the mentioned companies have also provided Internet
access services for several years and, since H2, 2003, VoIP services (voice over Internet Protocol).
Postal Services Sector
The Romanian regulatory framework for postal services went through important changes during 2002 and
2003. The development of the economy as a whole resulted in the increase of the number of postal
services providers as well as in the appearance of new value-added services. Many of the postal services
providers operating in this market also carry out other economic activities, e.g. offering transport services.
Nevertheless, National Company “Posta Romana S.A.” is still the provider with the largest turnover, the
only company that offers a complete range of postal services.
Other services
The National Radio communication Company (SNR) operates a 2,500 km digital radio network, used for
the broadcast of the public national radio and TV programmes, for internet services and data transmission.
Until December 31st 2002, SNR was the sole provider of leased radio transmission for capacities over 2
Mbps.
SNR also operates a satellite communication centre and is part in the operational agreements for Eutelsat,
IMSO and ITSO. In 1999, the company has completed the digitisation process, and is therefore able to
provide higher quality satellite communication (TV, phone, VSAT services). In June 1999, SNR has
launched the largest national SDH network, with a capacity of 622 Mbps, with links in the 4, 6, 7 and 11
GHz frequencies, one of the most advanced networks in CEE in length and capacity.
During 2001 - 2002 SNR has extended the services offered, becoming from a carrier an end to- end
services provider. The company has obtained a licence for data services for end-users and a licence to
install and operate a national digital point-multipoint radio communication network in the 24.5 – 26.5 GHz
frequency bands. Using this network, SNR intends to build a national network by means of which it will
have direct access to consumers. The network will allow a direct digital connection with a band width
between 64 Kbps and 34 Kbps. The types of services that can be offered after implementing the radio
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access network for the local loop are: leased lines/broadband access and voice services, Internet, video
services, VPNs, added value services.
•
Key players
The key players on this sector are represented by research institutes and SMEs. Please find below a list
with relevant organisations:
1. National Institute For Research And Development In Microtechnologies (IMT- Bucharest)
2. National Institute For Lasers, Plasma And Radiation Physics
3. National Institute Of Materials Physics, Laboratory Of Low-Dimensional Systems
4. NATIONAL INSTITUTE for COMMUNICATION RESEARCHES and STUDIES - INSCC - Bucharest
5. The National Institute for Design in Telecommunications – TELEROM PROIECT S.A. – Bucharest
6. SIAT S.A. - Bucharest
7. ASTRAL TELECOM
8. ICI – National Institute for R&D in Informatics, Bucharest, Romania
9. Institute for Computation Technique Networks
10. NEW ELECTRONIC ARHITECTURES CENTER – Bucharest
11. ALCATEL ROMANIA - The Software Development Center
12. SIVECO Romania SA
13. SOFTWIN SA
14. GeCAD Software
15. FINSIEL Romania
16. CENTER for ADVANCED RESEARCH in AUTOMATIC LEARNING, NATURAL LANGUAGE
PROCESSING and CONCEPTUAL MODULATION - Bucharest
17. Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence
18. Centre for Education and Research in Fuzzy Systems and Artificial Intelligence, Iasi, Romania,
19. INSTITUTE of THEORETICAL INFORMATICS – Iaşi
20. DEUROMEDIA - Development Division Brasov, Romania
•
Educational institutions
The main institution governing the field of education in Romania is the Ministry of Education, Research and
Youth, that also has the responsibility of ensuring new and efficient structures and mechanisms as
framework for implementing the acquis communitaire in the Romanian education system.
The Romanian educational system comprised five main levels in December 2004, as follows:

Final
Pre-school – for children aged 3 to 6/7;
Primary school – grades 1 thru 4;
Secondary school:
o Inferior secondary school – grades 5 thru 8;
o Superior secondary school (high-school, professional schools, apprentice schools etc.) –
grades 9 thru 12/13;
College (1- 3 years, for specializations established by the Ministry of Education, Research and
Youth in cooperation with the Ministry of Labour, Social Solidarity and Family);
High education: university and post-graduate education (DEA8, master’s, postgraduate academic
studies, doctorate, postgraduate specialist courses, specific forms of postgraduate medical
education).
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ICT in the Romanian Education System
When assessing e-readiness in the Romanian Education system, there are a number of specific aspects to
consider, such as: the number and training level of ICT specialists that the education system is able to
generate, the mobility of labour in the field of ICT, ICT education programs conducted, the level of access
to ICT in the education system.
•
ICT at primary school level
ICT disciplines are not compulsory in the Romanian Syllabus at primary school level. However, statistics
show a number of schools connected to the Internet, which proves that, although ICT related subjects are
not taught as distinct curricular disciplines in all primary schools, there are a number of such institutions
where IT Laboratories are in place and pupils are offered access to computers as well as some basic IT
knowledge.
•
ICT at secondary school level
According to the Curriculum for superior secondary schools established by Order of the Ministry of
Education and Research no. 3670/2001, IT is a compulsory distinct discipline for all the categories of such
institutions in the Romanian education system. Generally, there is a tradition of excellence in the ICT
education among Romanian high-school students confirmed by the remarkable results in the international
IT competitions. However, many students with aptitudes in the field are recruited by foreign universities that
offer a far more stimulating academic environment and, after graduation, more attractive employment
opportunities in the respective countries than could be found in Romania.
•
ICT at higher education level
One of the most important transformations that occurred after 1990 impacted mostly the higher education
system and referred to the introduction of private education, which has led to a gradual and significant
increase in the number of universities in Romania. Thus, according to the Ministry of Education, Research
and Youth, there are currently 49 civil public universities in Romania, 18 licensed private universities and 8
military universities.
The explosion in the number of academic centres has implicitly led to an increase in the number of
universities offering ICT specialization and to a more uniform geographical distribution of such universities.
Thus, academic centres located in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Brasov, Constanta, Iasi, Alba-Iulia, Bacau,
Craiova, Pitesti, Galati, Arad, Baia Mare, Oradea, Petrosani, Ploiesti, Sibiu, Suceava, Targoviste,
Timisoara etc. ensure an almost complete and uniform territorial coverage of Romania in terms of high
education institutions providing ICT specialization.
There are several approaches as to which universities are capable of generating ICT specialists. Thus,
Order no. 132/2002 of the Ministry of Labour and Social Solidarity, Order no. 76/2002 of the Ministry of
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology and Order no. 352/2002 of the Ministry of Public
Finance regarding the inclusion in the computer programming activities mentions the following universities
that the graduates of which can benefit from the salary tax facilities provided by law:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Final
Automatics and Industrial Informatics
Computers, Electrican Engineering and Computers
Electronics, Applied Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications, Communications
Mathematics, Informatic Mathematics
Informatics, Economics Informatics and Applied Informatics
Cybernetics and Economic IT, Cybernetics and Economic Forecast, Accounting and
Bookkeeping Information Systems.
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At the same time, although the quantitative aspect of ICT work force is adapted to the current needs of the
economy, the main concern in the process of harmonization to EU directives in this field is related to the
qualitative aspect of the academic and professional training of ICT specialists. Within this context, Romania
undertook the engagement of harmonizing the Romanian curricular content in order to achieve the
recognition of Romanian university degrees and diplomas by 2007, which is the expected accession date
for this country. At the same time, Romania has adhered to the principles of the “Joint Declaration of the
European Ministers of Education Convened in Bologna in the 19th of June 1999”, aimed at achieving a
unique European space in the field of higher education by the year 2010.
Thus, one of the important steps in the process of harmonization in the education system was the
introduction of the transferable credit system in Romanian high education institutions starting with the
academic year 1998/1999. Since its introduction, the European Community Course Credit Transfer System
(ECTS) has been the base of all student exchange programs.
ECTS is a decentralized system based on mutual trust and confidence between the participating high
education institutions, as well as on unitary assessment of student workload. Its rules are defined in terms
of Information (syllabus courses available), Agreement (between host and home institutions) and Use of
Credit Points (to indicate the student’s workload).
The Council of each faculty sets the maximum number of transferable credit points. If a student follows
study periods in other universities/faculties (domestic and/or abroad), the credits obtained will be
recognized by the home faculty. The total number of credits associated to a university education
programme in Romania is set by Government Decision no. 693/2003 to 180 for short-term university study
programmes, and 240, 300 or 360 for long-term university study programmes such that, one year of day
course study receives an average of 60 credit points.
Thus, ECTS is a tool of validation for each university when comparing its activity to the education process
in other universities from Romania and abroad and it ensures a certain level of comparability to European
universities. However, the system is still in the process of improvement in order to achieve full
comparability of the national and European credit systems.
The participation of Romanian students and members of the teaching staff in international mobility
programs starting with the academic year 1990/1991 has also brought an important contribution to the
improvement, harmonization and increase in comparability of the Romanian education system in the field of
ICT. Mobility programs as TEMPUS, SOCRATES, Leonardo da Vinci, ERASMUS have brought significant
benefits to the Romanian education system, both through students and teaching staff that have been part
of study programs abroad and through foreign students and teaching staff that have come to Romania.
However, the ultimate quality certification regarding the ability of the Romanian education system to
generate ICT specialists would be represented by the recognition of Romanian ICT diplomas abroad, which
should represent, at the moment, one of the most important objectives of the reform and harmonisation
process in the education system.
In practice, ICT Romanian diplomas currently have limited recognition among foreign universities. The main
issues regarding the achievement of harmonization in the field of diploma recognition are related to the
structure and content of the ICT university syllabus. More specific, the structure still differs from that of
most universities abroad in that the five compulsory years of university for technical specializations in
Romania, followed by a large variety of post-graduate forms of study should be adapted to the structure
stipulated in the Bologna Declaration i.e., a “three cycle” system (the sequence of degrees being Bachelor,
Master, Doctor in Science), in which the fist cycle would only represent 180 – 240 credit points (3 to 4
years) and the main postgraduate education forms would be: DEA, master’s, postgraduate academic
studies and doctoral programs.
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As far as content of the ICT syllabus is concerned, the main difference between the Romania and EU
countries is the balance between theoretical and practical curricular activities. Thus, in Romania, most
University Councils set an approximate number of 28 – 30 hours of lecture per week, leaving little room for
practical classes, laboratory hours and study cases, whereas in most European countries, theoretical
classes are limited to a maximum of 20 hours, the rest being dedicated to practical application and
individual study.
This situation is mainly caused by the reduced financial sources available for the technical endowment of IT
laboratories in most universities, as compared to higher education institutions in developed countries.
Moreover, there are still significant differences in terms of content of the ICT curricula in Romanian
universities and universities abroad. Romanian curricula tend to be much broader in terms of
encompassing disciplines auxiliary to ICT (such as Physics, Special Mathematics etc.), whereas
universities abroad tend to be more focused on the strict scope of ICT achieving a higher degree of
specialization of their graduates in various niches of the ICT field, which allows them to achieve good
results in a shorter period of time at their future workplaces.
Practice shows that, due to reasons as the ones mentioned above, there is not a standard approach for the
recognition of Romanian diplomas, but rather this process takes place on a “case-by-case” basis, within the
legal framework of ECTS based bilateral agreements between certain universities in Romania and abroad.
•
Government policy
The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCTI) is the authority for developing a
strategic orientation framework for guiding the ICT sector in Romania. The emerging ICT sector holds
substantial promise for expansion into the global marketplace. The MCTI is also developing the use of ICT
in the government and private sectors. Towards this end, a new organizational structure, the role of various
players and their relationships has been evolved. Details of this are given in the below figure.
Romania: New organizational structure – Ministry of Communication and Information Technology
GPTI
Information Technology Promotion Group Integrator and Co-ordinator
National Strategy for
the New Economy and
the implementation of
the Information
CO-ORDINATION
INTEGRATION
Report
PROGRAM
Private Sector
CITIZEN
Private Sector
IMPLEMENTATION
Investment
Recovery
INVESTORS
(Public Sector, Private Sector, Civil Society, Investment Societies)
Source: Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, 2001
The policies are developed through an industry-government consultative mechanism where the views of
industry are taken into account. The mechanism involves representatives of the government, academic
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institutions, industry and trade. In Romania there are five main associations in the ICT sector, as well as a
number of other smaller associations. These five main associations are:
•
Information Technology (IT) Policy
The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCTI) is the authority for
developing a strategic orientation framework for guiding the ICT sector in Romania.
The mission of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology is to create solid
premises that will ensure the transition to the Information Society in Romania.
The transition to the Information Society was a strategic objective for the Romanian Government
for 2001 - 2004 and one of the conditions for the Romania's accession to the European Union.
Information Society means an economy and a society in which the access, acquisition, storage,
process, transmission, propagation and use of knowledge and information plays a capital role.
In Romania there are five main associations in the ICT sector, as well as a number of other
smaller associations. These five main associations are:
· Romanian Association for Electronic and Software Industries (ARIES) - www.aries.ro
· National Association of Internet Providers from Romania (ANISP) - www.anisp.ro
· National Association for Software Companies (ANIS) - www.anis.ro
· Association for Information Technology and Communication – Romania (ATIC) - www.atic.org.ro
· Association for Producers of Electrical and Electronics Industries (APREL) - www.aprel.ro
The associations provide inputs for policy formulation relating to tariffs, industry competitiveness, the needs
of the domestic IT industry, participation in fairs and conferences, infrastructure and attracting foreign
investment.
The MCTI aims at creating a conducive environment for the implementation of the Information Society by
launching the privatisation, liberalisation and development process in the ICT sector.
With a view towards developing the ICT sector, the MCTI proposes to initiate the following measures • Stimulation of supply and demand of ITC products in accordance with the Information Technology
Agreement of the WTO9;
• Promotion and support of an open and competitive market for communication and IT services to secure
quality services at lower tariffs;
• Elimination of the legislative differences, in comparison with European Union requirements;
• Reduction of the technological gulf through the development of new technologies and services;
• Setting up a national telecommunications regulatory authority, so that consumers and operators can
enjoy homogenous, undiscriminating and equal treatment;
• Development of “Internet” platforms and technologies to assist in building a digital economy at a
national level;
• Improve the quality of ICT products and services by harmonizing standards with those of the EU in
order to increase exports;
• To utilize IT to increase productivity and efficiency in the economy, particularly in SMEs;
• Establish technology parks to facilitate the development of a modern infrastructure for communications,
computers, regulated power supply, and software development skills;
• To ensure priority for electronic governance;
• Locating Internet Kiosks in rural areas in order to integrate the rural economy with the national economy
and to bring the benefits of IT to the rural population.
The IT policy would aim to retain IT experts in Romania to deliver IT programs and services. To achieve
this objective, the government passed a law in July 2001 exempting IT Programmers from income tax.
9
WTO – World Trade Organization
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The Government funding schemes in Romania
• The National Plan for R&D and Innovation
The National RTD Plan represents the major tool for the implementation of the national RTD and
innovation policies. It has 14 specific programmes but the most significant is INFOSOC – Information
Society Programme (www.infosoc.ro)
Organisation responsible for the administration of the programme:
National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics-ICI Bucharest
Programme objectives/short summary:
- The achievement and the consolidation of the necessary condition for the development of the Information
Society in Romania.
- The development of the scientific and technological background for the implementation of the specific
structures and services of the Information Society.
- The improvement of the usability and of impact of the structure and service specific to the Information
Society on the economic sectors as well as on the entire society including the citizen level.
Programme duration: 2001-2006
CISTRANA Project
Main ICT technology areas in this programme:
- Technologies and tools / equipments for new types of distance and network activities, specialized in
working in virtual spaces:
- Technologies and tools / equipments for advanced information and communication electronic services;
- Technologies and standards for knowledge representation and administration based on context,
semantics and intelligent agents; instruments for creating, arranging, diving and disseminating the digital
content;
- Multimedia technologies, standards and equipments;
- Multisensors interfaces capable to understand and to perform natural human expression; the
development of virtual environments for the advanced human – machine interaction;
- Networks: structures and models. Technologies, equipments, systems and advanced communication
services.
- Technologies and equipments for the security of networks and electronic transactions, for the
improvement of the quality, accessibility, viability and security of the information and communication
technology systems;
- Technologies for the management and development of the software systems, of the technologies based
on components and adjustable dynamic
- Technologies and applications based on high performance calcul
- Technologies, models and equipments for management of information, knowledge and processes at the
company level;
- Architectures / structures for designing and implementing the open and interoperapable systems,
specialized technologies for databases for administration of distributed and heterogeneous information.
CISTRANA Project
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• CORINT Programme - CORINT is dedicated to the stimulation and support of the Romanian
participation in international S&T cooperation initiative, including the IST Programme;
• Program of Grants for scientific research (http://www.cncsis.ro/granturi.php);
• INFRATECH Programme / ITC-related initiatives (www.mct.ro);
• National Programme "Relansin" (2001-2004);
• Based Educational System (SEI) (http://portal.edu.ro/) – 500,000 computers in schools with Internet
access. The program provided: hardware and communication infrastructure; software support; evolution
of educational curricula and methodology; training for teachers; new teaching instruments.
Other related programmes:
• Multi-annual funding programmes for SMEs (http://www.mimmc.ro/imm/programe_imm/)
• TransIno Programme for technology transfer and innovation through public-private partnerships
(www.mimmc.ro/imm/protocol_apart/)
Telecommunications Policy
Romania is a signatory to the WTO’s Basic Telecommunications Services Agreement. Under the WTO
obligation, competitive regulatory principles were expected to be in place by 1st January 1998. International
services were to be open for international competition by 1st January 2003. Romania, however, has yet to
ratify the Basic Telecommunications Agreement. Administrative reasons, according to MCTI, were the
cause for the delay and these are now being gradually removed.
The institutional framework necessary for the development of the telecommunications sector has been
evolved. Foremost amongst its features are the following:
Setting up a National Regulating Authority in Communications as a politically independent and
technologically neutral body, with responsibilities in the management of the spectrum, standards,
licensing, control and monitoring;
Securing the necessary legislative and organizational framework for the full liberalization of
telecommunications and postal services;
Preparing the operators for the full liberalization of communication services and to adapt the existing
licences of the national operators;
Creating an adequate legal framework for a free circulation of information and to define the legal statute
of the electronic document, the digital signature, electronic data bases and electronic trade;
Promoting and supporting an open and competitive market for communication and IT services;
Defining a coherent and realistic tariffs policy, based on costs at national operator level;
Assuming responsibility for the privatisation of the commercial companies in the IT field, as well as the
acceleration of these processes by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology;
Creating a unified emergency call system - one of the measures necessary to increase the security and
protection of citizens and property;
Establishing a legislative and institutional framework to fight against electronic fraud and unauthorized
access to electronic information.
Implementation of the telecommunications policy was expected to lead to the improvement of quality, the
universal availability of services, tariff reductions, the upgrading of technology etc. The policy will ultimately
achieve the following:
•
•
•
•
•
Accelerated development of the public telephone network by securing an annual rate of at least
500,000 new telephone subscribers;
The introduction of new and state-of-the-art technologies to meet the challenge of globalization;
Securing universal coverage and an improvement in the quality of telecommunications services;
The promotion of multi-service technologies in a wide range of communications;
Harmonizing the use of the FM terrestrial radio broadcasting band, the VHF television bands and
harmonizing Romania’s radio spectrum with the European Allotment Table;
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•
•
The stimulation of the local production of components and spare parts for the telecommunications
sector for a limited period, in order to nurture the SME sector by way of providing incentives;
The involvement of local private capital in the privatisation and licensing process.
The government is faced with the problem of a lack of telephone facilities in about three thousand villages.
This necessitates the development of an affordable telecommunications infrastructure in order to facilitate
Romania’s links with the emerging global economy in the future. The Romanian telecommunications
environment is characterized as being at the initial phase of market liberalization, with some level of
competition in place for mobile telephony and data services, but with basic services still provided by a
single monopoly.
•
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
Romanian ICT sector: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
The Information Society is an objective of the development and not a desideratum in itself; it is an essential
component of the politic and economic programme for development and a major condition for integration of
Romania in the Euro-Atlantic structures. The transition to Information Society is one of the strategic
objectives of the Romanian Government for the 2001-2004 periods and one of the EU pre-adhering
conditions.
Based on SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis concerning the Information
Society in Romania, the following results were obtained:
•
Strengths
1. The actual government policies in favour of the development of ICT and Information Society: the
creation of the institutional framework (setting up of the Ministry of Communication and Information
Technology, setting up of the Advanced Technologies, Communications, and Information Technology
Commission at the level of the Romanian Parliament, setting up of the Information Technology Promotion
Group), of the regulatory framework (adoption of a series of regulations specific to the field and in
accordance with Acquis requirements), the active presence of the Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) field in international co-operation development, the promotion of some facilities
for ICT development.
2. Resources and human potential of high quality, recognised at the international level (general
knowledge, creativity, foreign languages).
3. Consolidation and enhancement of the ICT community that can be noticed by a higher involvement
of the companies, experts and professional associations in the transition towards the Information Society.
4. Increased rates of PC Acquisitions and increased number of mobile phone users during the last 2-3
years, comparable or superior to the candidate countries. The average development of ICT in Romania is
of 15% in comparison with the world rate of 8%.
5. The possibility of extending Internet access due to the large number of TV cable subscribers (71%)
and of the mobile telephony users.
6. Consolidation of the telecommunications operator market and development of a national
infrastructure on optic fibre (16.500 km in 2001 and predicted 19.570 km. in 2002)
7. Support granted by the state authorities for the investments in ICT field.
•
Weaknesses
1. Low level of the access to the communications and Internet services, due to price policies and to the
reduced level of the infrastructure investments.
2. Low level of the Gross Domestic Product indicator, that does not permit reaching high levels of
endowment (hardware, software, communication devices) to assure services and applications specific to
IS.
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3. Business environment has insufficient incentive for using new information and communications
technologies and for opening to e-business.
4. Slow implementation of the legislation concerning copyright in ICT field, with consequences on the
level, still high, of software piracy.
5. The average salary of ICT specialists is reduced, in comparison with developed countries.
6. The number of PCs and the penetration of the Internet in secondary and high schools are still
maintained at a low level in comparison with the average of the candidate countries.
7. Penetration rate of public telephony system is under 20% in comparison with an average of 36% for
Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, placing Romania last but one in the 2001statistics.
8. The number of 4.5 Internet users/100 inhabitants in Romania at the end of 2001, in comparison with
an average of 14.5 in CEE countries.
•
Opportunities
1. The existence of a human, cultural potential and of a political decision to leverage the opportunities
offered by passing to the Information Society – a knowledge-based one - and to the new economy.
2. The possibility to assure a sustainable economic growth, based on the new technologies, by
producing value-added products and services.
3. Obtaining external funds from the international organisms (mainly EU) for projects that will assure the
modernisation of public administration, citizens’ access to public information, development of business
environment and life quality improvement.
4. The possibility to attain the IS development pace requested by the integration in EU, based on
adopted action plans and policies (e-Europe 2002, e-Europe+, e-Europe2005).
5. Accelerated growth of the worldwide demand for ICT products and services.
•
Threats
1. The job market in the field, in the developed countries, leads to young specialists’ migration towards
these countries.
2. The reduced number of policies for the attraction of strategic partners and investors (with capital,
technology, market), to allow for the development of Romanian competence in the implementation of
systems and complex software packages and for the development of information infrastructure, based on
advanced technologies.
3. The existing technological discrepancy in comparison with developed countries in the research
and innovation field.
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•
Trade and Industrial Associations
· Romanian Association for Electronic and Software Industries (ARIES) - www.aries.ro
· National Association of Internet Providers from Romania (ANISP) - www.anisp.ro
· National Association for Software Companies (ANIS) - www.anis.ro
· Association for Information Technology and Communication – Romania (ATIC) - www.atic.org.ro
· Association for Producers of Electrical and Electronics Industries (APREL - www.aprel.ro
•
Summary of research and development activities
Research and development activities through MATNANTECH Programme – “New materials, micro
and nanotechnologies”. This is managed and financed by the Romanian Ministry of Education and
Research.
150 organizations are involved in the researches financed under this programme, out of which: 54 research
institutes, 16 universities, 13 large enterprises and 42 SMEs.
Specific research objectives:
• development of new technologies
- photonic micro and nanostructures for communication;
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•
- nanostructured nanoparticles and composite nanostructures with selective properties;
- nanostructures and nanostructured materials with application in electronics, mechanics,
metallurgy;
- nanostructured materials for biomedical use;
development of new materials
- smart materials with application in electronics, biomedicine and building;
- functional and multifunctional advanced materials;
- stable and biocompatible materials, useful for diagnose and therapy
At national level, there are acting the following networks in Nanotechnologies
1. NANOTECHNET- Network of Research Laboratories in Nanotechnology
2. BIONANONET – Bionanotechnology Network
3. CENOBITE - Research Centre in Nanobiotechnologies
4. 3N - Consultancy Centre in Nanotechnologies, Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
FP6 support schemes in Romania
There are also some specific measures co-financed by the European Commission through the 6th
Framework Programme in order to support the ICT sector. These measures are running with organisation
from Romania acting as coordinator or partner within European consortium. Please find below some of
these:
• EUROPEAN IST (www.european-ist.net)
Enhancing the participation of research organizations from New Member States and Candidate
Countries to the 6th Framework Programme; Project co-financed by DG Research/ IST Thematic
Priority; Period: 2005 – 2006. This project is coordinated by FIMAN Development Services – Romania
(www.fimands.ro)
• CEEC IST NET (www.eu-istcommunity.net)
Supporting IST organisations from Central & Eastern Europe; Project co-financed by DG Research/
IST Thematic Priority; Period: 2005 – 2006. This project has FIMAN Development Services as partner from
Romania (www.fimands.ro)
• STARNET (www.project-starnet.com)
Support to Associated Countries and New Member States; Project co-financed by DG Research/ IST
Thematic Priority; Period: 2005 – 2006; This project has FIMAN Development Services as partner from
Romania (www.fimands.ro)
• IST-MENTOR/IST MENTOR + (www.istmentor.net)
Mentoring of IST-Multipliers in the NAS. The Romanian partner in this project consortium is Ministry of
Education and Research.
• IDEAL-IST (www.ideal-ist.net)
The IST partner search network. The Romanian partner in this project consortium is ICI – National Institute
for Research and Development in Informatics.
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A2.2 – Multi-Technology, Multi-disciplinary Integration
9 Personal Environments
9 Home Environments
9 Robotic Systems
9 Intelligent Infrastructures
•
The importance and relevance of “Multi-Technology, Multi-disciplinary Integration” to
Romania’s economy; relevant statistics
No available data
•
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
Concerning Intelligent Infrastructures, the main problems with inland transport connections among BSEC10
countries, including Romania, can be classified as follows:
Hardware:
· Differing types of road networks, and national roads of insufficient quality and capacity.
· Poor transborder connections.
· Few and poorly located terminals for combined transport.
· Differing standards of weights and dimensions for goods vehicles.
· Lack of standardisation of railway traction, signalling and telecommunication devices,
track gauge, voltages and clearances.
· Lack of storage equipment at main railway stations.
· Incompatibility between freight and passenger transport by rail.
· Insufficient capacity and growing inefficiency on inland waterways.
· Lack of direct, multimodal links between seaports and the hinterlands.
· Not enough high capacity, high quality, reliable information and telecommunications
systems.
Software:
· Inadequate route planning systems on road networks.
· Low level of traffic management and control.
· Poor railway management and poor service quality.
· Unsatisfactory and unreliable statistics on trade flows.
· Lack of informatics in general and EDI systems in particular.
Institutions:
· Insufficient communication among participating countries.
· Too much bureaucracy.
· Lack of interchange agreements for wagons and other special equipment.
· Uncertainty on future transport fees.
Finance:
10
Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) was signed in Istanbul on June 25, 1992, by the heads of state of Albania,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine
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· Insufficient public budgets to finance investments.
· Lack of private sector investment in infrastructure.
· Long planning, construction and investment periods.
Environment:
· Growing pollution — air, water, noise and visual — caused by transport systems.
· Resistance to new investment in roads and terminals.
Source - Trends in Transport in the Black Sea Region - Haluk GERÇEK - Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey,
1998
•
Government policy
Inter-ministerial Council for Road Safety - I.C.R.S. was establish through Government Decision No.
437/06.20.1995, as a Government consultative body. I.C.R.S. provide the general conception and national
wide co-ordination, based on a national priority actions plan, of the traffic fluency and road safety
improving activities, carried on by the public administrations specialized bodies and by the other institutions
and organizations which have attributions in this field.
Through Government Decision No. 750 / 14 July 2005 regarding the establishing of permanent interministerial councils, ICRS will be coordinated under the frame of Inter-ministerial Council for Regional
Development, Infrastructure and Turism.
I.C.R.S.s main fields of activity are:
¾ Modernization and development of the road infrastructure, especially of the road marking and
signalization;
¾
Improving traffic flow and road safety on the Romanian public roads including Bucharest and
adjacent entry and exit capital areas, which constitute a pilot centre for implementing the qualitative
improvement of transport and road safety measures to the European standards;
¾
Development of road vehicles passive and active safety;
¾ Traffic participants nurture and education, and public informing;
¾
Harmonization of the domain legislation with European regulations especially EU regulations from
the field.
I.C.R.S. current activity is managed by the Minister of transportation.
Minister of transportation is the president of I.C.R.S..
In I.C.R.S. structure perform the following specialty commissions:
1. Commission for Road Traffic Surveillance;
2. Commission for Road Infrastructure and Signalization;
3. Commission for Goods Transportation, Passengers Transportation and Combined Road Transport;
4. Commission for Road Vehicles;
5. Commission for Human Factor in Road Safety;
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Source - Inter-Ministerial Council for road safety - Ministry of transport, construction and tourism, Romanian road
transport authority, Inter-Ministerial Council for road safety
•
ICI – National Institute for R&D in Informatics, Bucharest, Romania is member of NEM technology
platform.
Leading European players in the telecom, consumer electronics and media industry launched a joint
industrial initiative for the accelerated development of Networked and Electronic Media (NEM) technologies
and services in Europe. The main objective of the NEM initiative is to foster the development and
introduction of novel audiovisual and multimedia broadband services and applications to the benefit of
citizen, enterprises and with significant impact on the European economy in the context of the Lisbon
objectives and bearing in mind the renewed goals as set up by the Commission Communication i2010.
In relation to NEM field of activity, i2010 specifically identifies one important objective to which NEM can
contribute and simultaneously benefit from such related European Commission activities.
i2010
NEM
Rich media content is becoming available in √√
new, diverse formats and can be delivered
independent of location or time, personalised
to individual citizens’ preferences or
requirements
Rich media content and media formats are assumed by
NEM as SRA goals
In technical terms, communication networks, √√
media, content, services and devices are
undergoing digital convergence
NEM assumes convergence at several levels: content,
services, networks and terminals.
√√
Improvements in networks, combined with
new compression techniques, create new and
faster distribution channels and trigger new
content formats and services (e.g. Voice over
IP, Web TV, on-line music).
Services and Applications enabled by new faster
distribution channels are a significant part of the NEM
goals. In particular, NEM targets the definition of new
Multimedia ready broadband networks as well as new
network architectures suitable to respond to the
reliability and performances targeted by the new
services and applications
New content creation, services and √√
business models are driving growth and
jobs. For example, Western European online
content markets are expected to triple by
2008 (with the consumer part growing
tenfold).11 These developments are expected
to multiply across the sector, today already
accounting for 8% of EU GDP
NEM is aware on the importance of the Media related
industries contribution to the European GDP and this is
why the federation of European media related activities
around NEM is crucial for Europe. Among targets
pursued by NEM are:
oo Content adaptation: creation, management,
indexation, storage
oo Identification and foster the availability of new
business models
oo Ensure the availability of services and
applications for the smooth transition from
current analogue broadcasting to digital
broadcasting
oo The analysis of the value chains surrounding
the
networked
media
area
initially
categorised into entertainment, business and
11
Final
European Information Technology Observatory (EITO) 2005
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public sector
oo
oo
oo
oo
New
eServices.
The
new
services
environment has to be driven by the following
two scenarios:

Personal environments.

Home environments
Gaming and Pervasive gaming
3D multilingual
Digital Cinema
Source: The NETWORKED and ELECTRONIC MEDIA technology platform as a tool to achieve the 2010
ambitions, June 2005
•
Romanian Railway Infrastructure Database Management
Romanian Railway Infrastructure Database Management - USTDA12 has approved in 2004 a feasibility
study in the amount of $194,000 for the Romanian National Railway to support a pilot project that will focus
on the development and implementation of the Infrastructure Management Database in a problematic
region of the Romanian railways. The U.S. firm Zeta-Tech Associates of Cherry Hill, New Jersey, was
selected competitively to perform this study.
Romania Positive Train Control System - USTDA provided a $250,000 grant to the Ministry of
Transportation for a feasibility study to develop a business case study on the implementation of a Positive
Train Control (PTC) system for Romania. The Seneca Group LLC of Washington, DC, will conduct this
study.
Source: USDA by Region&Sector - Working to Promote U.S. Exports in the Rail and Mass Transit Sector – March
2004
•
G.R.S.P. ROMANIA
Global Road Safety Partnership is one of the four World Bank Business Partners for Development
programs and its general secretariat is in Geneva at the Red Cross and Red Crescent International
Federation headquarter.
Global Road Safety Partenership is an informal partnership between governmental and non-governmental
organizations, international organizations (including the financing ones), research field and business
environment.
In 2000, G.R.S.P. has selected, at international level, three pilot countries for each continent. For Europa
Romania, Poland and Hungary were selected.
G.R.S.P. Romania Secretariat activity was assured by Secretariat of I.C.R.S.
In 2005, it was decided to transform G.R.S.P. Romania into a NGO
Activities carried out by Secretariat of I.C.R.S:
Programs financed with PHARE funds:
- PHARE 1998 098-0297 Multi-Country Transport Programme PHARE 2001 RO 01.07.11- Twinning
Component PHARE RO 2001 / IB / TR-01- between Romania and France for road safety reinforcement
12
U.S. Trade and Development Agency
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- PHARE 2001 RO 01.07.11 – Subproject „Traffic and Accidents Database”
- PHARE 2001 RO 01.07.11- Subproject „Road Safety Audit and Liniar Villages”
- PHARE 2001 RO 01.07.11 - Subproject „Strenghteneing of the Administrative Capacity of Ministry of
Transport”
- PHARE/2003/005-551.04.03 Subproject 3: „Improvement of control activities and procurement of
mechanical devices for reading and interpreting tachograf disks” (include a Twinning light component for
inspectors training -RO03/IB/TR/01-TL)
- Phare 2004 2004/016-772.03.14 Strengthening of A.R.R., I.C.R.S. and Secretariat of I.C.R.S.
- Phare 2006- Establishing/Strengthening of the National Institute for Research and Development in Road
Safety
Involvement in programs financed by World Bank:
- National Roads Rehabilitations Programes – Map of the black spots on national roads, analysis, design
and constructing solutions
- Road Safety Pilot Project, National Road 1 Bucureşti-Braşov
- Road safety Pilot Project, Linear Village Buşteni
- Road safety measures implementation in Baloteşti-Săftica sector
- The Seminar ‘Revising of Road Safety Management Capacity’, seminar organized by I.C.R.S. and World
Bank in 27 th May 2005
I.C.R.S. (Inter-Ministerial Council for road safety) Action Plan
-
Negotiations for selecting the road safety projects to be financed from World Bank or other UE
funds
-
Strengthening the relation between ICRS and local authorities through Romanian Local Authorities
Federation – F.A.L.R.
-
Establishing of a National Institute for Road Safety Research
-
Strengthening the Romanian Auto Register – R.A.R. technical capacity
-
Enforce the standard registration and signaling of the horse carts by the local administration
-
Reflecting contour marking for all the vehicles with mass over 7,5 tones
-
Setting up a national program for the surveillance of urban road traffic
TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE
- Traffic and accidents database - TRADB development and re-enforcement. TRADB affiliation with UE
traffic and accident database by taking following measures:
a. TRADB online uploading with basic data from the accident scene.;
b. TRADB development by adding in local roads digital maps (county, rural and urban);
c. Allow the access to TRADB of the insurance companies and provide technical assistance for
implementation of a ‘bonus-malus’ system;
d. Allow the access of the research sector to TRADB.
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- Mobile office equipment „Remote Office and Dispatch System" - ROADS in order for the road police to be
able to connect with person-vehicle database.
- National Road 1 traffic surveillance Section 1- Bucureşti-Ciolpani and 2- Româneşti-Ploieşti interlinking to
assure a unitary monitoring.
- Establish a National Traffic Information Center, including Road Police Directorate., Company for
Motorways and National Roads and mass-media representatives.
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND SIGNALIZATION
Elaborate new regulations and normative regarding integrated urban development correlated with road
infrastructure network development so that the urban development does not have any conflict with the road
category and role, according whith PHARE 2001, sub-project ‘Safety audit and linear villages’ and World
Bank road safety projects.
- Create a database with road - railway crossing points and with the accidents produced in these points,
and that elaborate a complete study.
- Creating a pilot sector local road parallel with the transit national road, meant to absorb local traffic (farm
equipment, horse carts and bicycles).
- Elaborate a road traffic study for Bucharest and metropolitan area.
- Finalize and implement the road safety audit law project.
- Setting up speed restriction perimeters in residential areas with high pedestrian traffic and install traffic
calming devices in important locations (schools, kindergartens, crowded pedestrian crossings, etc).
ROAD TRANSPORT
- Inter-institutional coordination of road transport of dangerous goods
- Strenghtening the control capacity of the Romanian Road Transport Authority-ARR
- Establishing an MetropolitanTransport Authority
- About the ISPA Implementing Agency
Through the Minister’s Order No. 525/2004, the Ministry of Transport, Constructions and Tourism was
established as ISPA Implementing Agency in order to ensure the preparation, contracting and monitoring of
the project for the improvement of the navigation conditions on the Danube.
In the next years, the Ministry of Transport, Constructions and Tourism will act as Implementing Agency for
all the projects financed by the European Union under the ISPA Facility in the transport field, others than
road and rail projects or for the projects with more than one Beneficiary.
In this context, the ISPA Implementing Agency prepares the ISPA Applications in order to obtain the ISPA
financing from the European Commission, organises the entire tendering process, signs the contract (as
Contracting Authority) and ensures the proper implementation of the contract. In same cases, the technical
aspects relted to the contract are delegated to the Final Beneficiary of the project.
Source - Government of Romania, Ministry of Transports, Constructions and Tourism
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Ongoing Projects
• Technical Assistance for Danube
In December 2002 the European Commission approved the first ISPA measure to be implemented through
the new ISPA Implementing Agency: ISPA 2002/RO/16/P/PA/011 “Technical Assistance for the
Improvement of the Naveigation Conditions on the Danube”.
- TRACECA Programm (Transport Corridor Europe Caucasus Asia) - Reconstruction of the
historical Silk Road
TRACECA Program has been created as an intergovernmental program, as a component of the financing
program TACIS European Commission program for C.I.S. (Community of Independent States, divided from
the former U.S.S.R.), equivalent to the financing program PHARE for the states of Central and East
Europe.
To date, the European Union (EU) has spent 57.4 million EUR on 39 consulting projects and 52.3 million
EUR on 14 investment projects for “The New Silk Road” TRACECA program. The focus of attention is road
and rail networks. A list of technical assistance and investment projects are at the link:
http://www.tacistm.org/Traceca/Traceca%20table%20of%20projects1.htm
Romania became member state of the TRACECA program at the Tashkent Conference from 24 – 25 April
2002.
Source - Government of Romania, Ministry of Transports, Constructions and Tourism
•
Key players
•
R&D unit in information technology (IT) field since 1970
•
Ranked first on a "top-nine" R & D Romanian organizations
(Coopers & Lybrand, a survey for the European Comission, 1998)
•
"The largest R&D institution for software" and "centre for excellence in IT for this country"
(Romanian Hardware and Software Industry, Development Informatics, Working Paper Series,
IPDM, University of Manchester, April 1998, http://www.man.ac.uk/idpm)
•
International Gold Star of Quality
(awarded by the Business Initiative Directions, Madrid 1998)
•
9 Romanian Academy Awards since 1972
•
National operator of The Romanian Computer Network for Research and Development (RNC)
2. Robotic Research Group - Technical University of Cluj-Napoca –
Faculty of Automation and Computer Science
Their key research areas are:
- autonomous mobile robots
- intelligent software agents
- world mapping and exploration using various algorithms such as D*
A list of scientific research projects of the Robotics Research Group at the Faculty of Automation and
Computer Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca follows:
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•
Autonomous multirobot cooperating systems. CNCSIS13
•
Developing nagivation systems for mobile robots in dynamic environments - stage III. CNCSIS
•
Developing nagivation systems for mobile robots in dynamic environments - stage II. CNCSIS
•
Developing nagivation systems for mobile robots in dynamic environments - stage I. CNCSIS
•
Control systems for mobile robots (Space orientation using active/passive beacons. CNCSIS)
•
Vision-based positioning systems. CNCSU
•
Modular architectures and control structures for mobile robots - stage IV (communication protocols.
CNCSU)
•
Modular architectures and control structures for mobile robots - stage III (MAURO - obstacle
avoidance module)
•
Modular architectures and control structures for mobile robots - stage II ((locomotion module)
•
Modular architectures and control structures for mobile robots - stage I
3. Center for Research & Training in Industrial Control, Robotics and Materials Engineering CIMR , Politechnica University Bucharest
4. Electronics and Telecommunication Faculty of Timisoara, Applied Electronics Department Research Center ESII (Integrated Intelligent Electronic Systems Research Center)
5. Minister of Transport, Constructions and Tourism
- PRESIDENT OF I.C.R.S.: Gheorghe Dobre, Minister of M.T.C.T.
38. Dinicu Golescu Blvd., sector 1, cod 77113, Bucharest
Tel: +4021 222 36 36, Fax: +4021 312 07 72
e-mail: [email protected]
Website:www.mt.ro
6. Romanian Road Transport Authority
SECRETARIAT OF I.C.R.S.: Ioan Tătar, General Director of A.R.R.
38. Dinicu Golescu Blvd., sector 1, cod 77113, Bucharest,
Tel: +4021 212 64 51, +4021 212 64 52, Fax: +4021 312 10 81
•
No available data
•
Trade and industrial Associations
No available data
The National University Research Council is the main Romanian funding organisation for university and
postgraduate research programmes.Decided by the Ministry of National Education and approved by the
Romanian Government, the creation of the National University Research Council in late 1994 represented
an essential component of the ongoing reform of the higher education reform.
13
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A2.3 – Application Poles
9 ICT for health
9 ICT for Inclusion
9 ICT for Mobility
9 ICT for the Environment
9 ICT for Organisations and Work
9 ICT for Manufacturing
9 ICT for Media, Culture and Entertainment
9 ICT for Learning
9 e-Government
•
The importance and relevance of “Application Poles” to Romania’s economy; relevant
statistics
ICT Education facilities
When assessing e-readiness in the Romanian Education system, there are a number of specific aspects to
consider, such as: the number and training level of ICT specialists that the education system is able to
generate, the mobility of labour in the field of ICT, ICT education programs conducted, the level of
access to ICT in the education system.
a. ICT Education and Research Programs
In order to facilitate the implementation of ICT and to promote the introduction of the IS in the educational
system, MECT has supported, in recent years, a series of programs, part of which are described below:
a.1. The SEI (the Computerized Education System) Program
SEI is a program initiated by MEC in order to offer an alternative of carrying out the educational process in
high schools. Over 90% of high schools have been endowed with IT laboratories with 25 workstations –
corresponding to the number of student in a class. For this project, a software application was developed in
order to support the teaching process and in order to assist in the development of new educational
modules by assembling the existing modules or by integrating new ones. The project is in process since its
final purpose is to ensure the endowment of all high schools with such laboratories.
The SEI program has also ensured educational software, apart from endowment with IT platforms in high
schools. For this purpose a favourable environment for alternative computer assisted methods of teaching
was created. At the same time, over 250 lessons have been developed, covering subjects from 8
disciplines of the high-school syllabus. Communication between MEC and the educational institutions and
inspectorates is carried out by means of the www.portal.edu.ro portal.
a.2. Computerized admission into high schools and art and apprentice schools
Starting 2001, the Ministry of Education and Research (MEC) has developed a computerized system of the
candidates in high schools and art and apprentice schools. The system has continually been improved and
has generated good results until present. During 2001 – 2003, the system has been undergoing a
continuous process of improvement. The personal information of the candidates is introduced at the
subscription centres, validated and signed through the witness copy by the candidate, parent, coordinating
professor and principal. A candidate may state up to 350 options of education institutions in the county
where he or she subscribes. With the assistance of county school inspectorates, the information is sent on
line to MEC. The distribution of candidates is made according to performance results in order of options.
Advantages:
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•
•
•
•
The possibility for each candidate to reach a place that matches his/her qualification and
performance;
Reduction of waiting time for subscription and ruling out the need for students to make a trip to the
education institution;
Posting results over the Internet;
Easy access to statistics regarding the remaining vacancies.
Application designed for filling out vacancies in primary and secondary schools and high schools.
During 2003, the application for filling out vacancies was by unique national contest. The distribution
principle is similar as the one for the admission application. The application is based on web technology.
The data are introduced in the system by the county inspectorates based on the on-line nomenclatures
supplied by MEC. In order to ensure data accuracy, the system operators are identified by means of smart
cards.
The advantages are similar to the ones of the computerized admission application.
a.3. Cisco Networking Academy Program
In 1993, Cisco initiated a project of design and installation of a practical and efficient computer network for
various institutions in the education system. However, the setting up of such a network soon generated a
need for network administration specialist, which Cisco attempted to cover by setting up a training program
in network administration for teaching staff and, later on, for students. The success of these student
workshops on network administration determined Cisco to develop a training curriculum that was to be
taught in detail, as a new discipline and thus, in 1999 the Cisco Networking Academy Program came into
being.
Current Cisco statistics show that Romania ranks 8th of the 100 countries where the Cisco Networking
Academy is in place in terms if number of institutions participating in the program. In Romania there are
currently 11 regional and 84 local academies in covering a large number of cities and towns as: Bucureşti,
Alba Iulia, Bacău, Baia Mare, Bârlad, Bistriţa, Braşov, Buftea, Călăraşi, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, ClujNapoca, Constanţa, Craiova, Focşani, Galaţi, Iaşi, Năsăud, Oradea, Piatra Neamţ, Piteşti, Ploieşti, Roşiorii
de Vede, Sfântu Gheorghe, Sibiu, Sighetu-Marmaţiei, Sighişoara, Sinaia, Suceava, Târgu-Mureş,
Timişoara şi Valsui.
Starting 2003, a similar program has been put into place in cooperation with Oracle (Oracle Internet
Academy), generated by the success of the Cisco program, but also by the remarkable performances of
the Romanian team during the Work Shops organized in the United States of America.
Additionally, The Ministry of Education and Research supports a number of programs as ThinkQuest, an
educational competition in the field of web page design, Info-Educatie, a national competition dedicated to
students with special aptitudes in the ICT field, as well as programs as EOS (Educating for an Open
society) or Procter & Gamble 2000, which are mainly sponsorships aimed at increasing the ICT
infrastructure in educational institutions.
b. Access to ICT in the Education System
The adoption by Romania of the eEurope+ represents, among others, an engagement to adopt important
measures regarding the increase of access to ICT in the education system. Some of the specific actions
assumed recommended by the eEurope+ program and assumed by Romania refer to: stimulating the use
of Internet in the institutions of the education system, ensuring cheaper and faster Internet access for
researchers and students, as well as supporting all Romanians to participate and work in the knowledgebased economy.
Some of the concrete measures to be undertaken in order to achieve these objectives refer to:
• Working towards upgrading national research networks to ensure that researchers and students
benefit from powerful networks;
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•
Establishment of high speed Internet access and Intranets in universities and making available
research networks, where appropriate, for use by schools, museums and libraries;
Additionally, in response to the eLearning initiative undertaken by EU countries, the Candidate Countries
established measurable, specific objectives to be attained by 2003, some of which are mentioned below:
• Provide all schools with convenient access for teachers and students to the Internet and multimedia
resources;
• Ensure availability of support services and educational resources on the Internet, as well as elerning platforms, for teachers, pupils and parents;
• Provide trainig for all teachers, in particular adapt teacher curricula and offer incentives to
teachers to use and apply new technologies for developing innovative, practical teaching
methods;
• Ensure that pupils have the possibility to be digitally literate by the time they leave school;
• Give the labour force the chance to become digitally literate through life-long learning;
• Significantly increase IT training places and courses;
• Encourage the dissemination of a European diploma for basic IT skills;
• Set up public Internet access points in public spaces etc.
Although during the last 2 years, the pace of endowing educational institutions in Romania with ICT
infrastructure has recorded a significant increase – currently there are 175,000 PC units reported for the
Romanian educational institutions, as compared to 38,000 units in 2001 (according to WB statistics) – the
current level of ICT infrastructure penetration in Romanian schools has only reached a value comparable to
the 2001 level of this indicator in CEE countries.
c. eLearning
eLearning is a teaching method that combines learning with modern technology to facilitate the learning
process. It generally involves the delivery of learning and training using electronic media, such as
computers, the Internet and intranets, with learning materials accessed from the Web or from a CD via a
computer. Typically, tutors and learners communicate with each other using e-mail or discussion forums.
Practically, one of the most widely spread forms of eLearning is distance learning.
During the past years, eLearning has also been developing in Romania, as there are currently a number of
functional applications in the field, as follows:
• The Virtual Business University (Universitatea Virtuala de Afaceri), available over the Internet at
www.uva.ro - an application developed by the National School of Political and Administrative
Studies;
• www.academiaonline.ro - an eLearning portal build in partnership by the Institute of Educational
Sciences, InsideMedia SRL and the Association for Career Excellecy.
Moreover, many higher education institutions have already adapted to the new tendencies of eLearning by
having opened distance-learning centres in the towns and cities where such courses could be organized in
an appropriate manner. An example in this field is the Academy of Economic Studies in Bucharest
(www.ase.ro) that has already 17,000 students enrolled in Open Economic Distance Learning, which is
present in 17 towns and cities.
d. Other values regarding the number of employees and education
•250 research centres (universities and institutes)
•ROEDUNET - National Education Network
•ORACLE, CYSCO, IBM, Microsoft academic initiatives
•30.000 engineering graduates yearly, of whom 5.000 graduates/year specialize in ICT
•The Brain Bench Global IT IQ Report 2001 places Romania on the 1st place in Europe, and the 6th
worldwide, in the classification of geographical areas with the highest concentration of certified
professionals in 30 of the most critical IT skill areas.
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•100% income tax exemption for IT specialists – in force since the summer of 2001 - stimulates young
specialists to work in their own country & incentive for companies who employ highly qualified professionals
•
Key players
There are research institute, SMEs, hospitals, agencies active and interested on ICT sector for various
applications:
2. INSTITUTE for COMPUTATION TECHNIQUE - ITC S.A. - Bucharest:
3. IPA S.A. - Research, Development and Production of Automation Equipment and Installations –
Bucharest
4. SIVECO ROMANIA SA
5. ROMSYS
6. Romanian Space Agency – ROSA
7. ALCATEL Romania
8. Polytechnic University of Bucharest
9. RASCO
10. TRANSINFO S.A
11. INSTITUTE for COMPUTATION TECHNIQUE - ITC S.A. - Bucharest
12. INCERTRANS
13. SIAT S.A.
14. IPA S.A.
15. ITS ROMANIA
16. ICE S.A
17. Danube Delta Institute for Research & Development-Tulcea
18. ICIM - The National Research-Development Institute for Environmental Protection
19. IPA CIFATT, Institute for Automation Engineering
20. BITNET Cluj, Romania
•
Currently, the total number of education istitutions connected to the Internet of the total number of such
institutions is as follows:
Total No. of Connected Educational Institutions
County inspectorates
Universities
High-schools
Schools
Education
institutions
connected to the
Internet
47
75
927
1243
Total number of
education
institutions
47
75
1,365
12,627
% of education institutions
connected to the Internet
from the total number of
education institutions
100%
100%
68%
9.8%
Source: the Ministry of Education and Research (latest statistics)
Additionally, the eEurope and eEurope+ programs recommends that Member and Candidate State quantify
a set of indicators that can be considered relevant in the process of assessing the access of the
educational system to ICT (at each educational level), follows: number of computers per 100 pupils,
number of computers connected to the Internet per 100, number of computers with high speed connections
to the Internet per 100 pupils.
The current level of these indicators in Romania is described in the following table:
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No of computers/100 students and no. of connected computers/100 students
Number of computers per 100
students
Number of computers connected to
the Internet pe 100 students
University
16.7
High-school
11
School
Estimated to be over 2
12
7.5
Estimated to be over 1
Source: The Ministry of Education and Research (latest statistics)
•
Government policy
Governmental or other financing sources:
a) MENER programme – Environment, energy and resources, part of the National Plan for R&D and
Innovation, financed by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research;
b) Romanian Government program SEI (The e-Learning System);
c) Phare funds;
d) The National Programme for Research, Development and Innovation funds the Romanian research
activities. Its components in relation with Intelligent Transport Systems – ITS are:
– AMTRANS (Land Planning and Transport) http://www.ipa.ro/
– INFOSOC (Information Society) http://www.ici.ro/
–
VIASAN (Life and health)
–
RELANSIN (Economical Re-launching) http://www.amcsit.ro/
–
CERES (Fundamental and Pre-competition Research) http://alpha1.infim.ro/ifa/
9 EU Community programmes dedicated to learning (YOUTH, Leonardo da Vinci, SOCRATES)
9 Word Bank loans;
•
The RTD system in Romania can be characterized as a predominantly applied research oriented system,
which:
- has more than 23,000 researchers, in a total of about 37,000 RTD personnel;
- has about 600 research organisations, out of which
• 300 RTD institutes and research centres;
• 53 public universities;
• about 250 companies, in both public and private sectors, developing RTD activities.
The Ministry of Education and Research is the specialized body of the Romanian central public
administration, whose mission is to formulate, apply, monitor and assess RTD and innovation policies.
In Romania, public financing sources are still limited, as can be observed from the following table:
Table: Comparative Values of the Weight of R&D Expenses in GDP
Romania Bulgaria
Population in 2002
21.8
7.2
(million)
Research expenses
0.4
0.6
(% of GDP)
Source: The World Bank – ICT at a glance 2003
Poland
38.6
0.7
The Czech Republic
10.2
1.4
Greece
10.6
Ireland
3.9
0.7
1.2
Starting 2001, the National Institute for Research – Development in Informatics, in a consortium with the
University of Bucharest, the Academy of Economic Studies (ASE) – Bucharest and the Center for Training
in Informatics – SC CPI SA Bucharest, coordinates the National R&D and Innovation Program “INFOSOC –
the Information Society”, a component of the National R&D and Innovation Plan for the period 2001 – 2005.
The program represents the framework within which the research units and the businesses in the
Romanian ITC industry may carry out large-size projects designed to support the IS in Romania.
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The program is meant to be correlated with the Romanian National Economic Development Strategy on
Medium Term and with the National Strategy for Introducing the IS, on the one hand, and with the recent
EU documents regarding the eEurope+ program.
Within this context, the program is set to achieve the following overall objectives:
1. Achieving and consolidating the conditions necessary for developing the IS in Romania:
2. Developing the scientific and technological support necessary to achieve the structures and
services specific for the IS;
3. Increasing the degree of utilization and the impact of structures and services specific to the IS
upon the sectors of the economy, as well as upon the society in general, even at citizen level.
The main results estimated to be obtained by the InfoSoc program are represented by:
• High quality instruments, information systems and services, based on multimedia technologies, on
new/improved software methods and models;
• Network structures, services, systems, equipment, advanced communication models and technical
prescriptions;
• Instruments, systems and applications based on high quality calculus;
• High speed national network for R&D and Technological Transfer.
The total budget planned for the INFOSOC Program by 2005 is of ROL 350 billion, of which, for the period
2001 – 2003, projects in the amount of ROL 214 billion have been contracted.
Research activities within research projects finalized/on-going:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ELIAS-HIS system integrate the hospital activities in an working electronic environment that offers a
high level of security on data, an access in real time and authorised to data and a rapid communication
in / from its interior / exterior.
Telematic Systems for Healthcare Monitoring: Distributed national system for TB monitoring
Knowledge Based Systems for Medical Decision, including Expert Systems
Telematic Systems as Support for Cooperative Work of Healthcare Professionals
Computer-assisted Systems for Medical Decision Making
CARDIOCARD - Smart card based interoperable system for healthcare insurance and services with
applicability in cardiology.
ASISTASTM - Computer-assisted system for pediatric bronchial asthma
ASISTARS - Computer-assisted system for emergency medical activity in plastic and reconstructive
surgery laboratory.
INTOX - Diagnosis and Therapy System for emergency medical situations with regard to toxi-infections
at children
INTERMED - Computerized system for consultancy in the medicine interactions domain
SIAMS - Information system for management assisting of The National Neonatal Screening Program
TelMed - Internet Based System for Remote Medical Assistance
The National Health Insurance House (CNAS) - Integrated Information System for managing the
activities within CNAS - project achieved by a consortium and HP as an integrator.
The Ministry of Health in Croatia (HZZO) - an information system which centralizes the data received
by all the medical cabinets in Croatia.
Nepenthes Group France (Concentrateur Global Nepenthes) - a system for managing the invoice flow
between the French Health Ministry and the health insurance houses.
Research projects financed under VIASAN programme:
•
•
•
Information system for emergency medical assistance – SATURG
TECRON Telematic system for home monitoring of the patient with cronic deseases
Tele-diagnose for patients with angiogenesis.
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Research projects in progress:
•
•
•
Convergent solutions for limiting the congestion and the traffic pollution in urban
agglomerations financed under AMTRANS PROGRAMME of National research Agency, project
coordinator: Polytechnic University of Bucharest
Traffic and environment monitoring system – Bucharest, financed under AMTRANS PROGRAMME
of National Research Agency, partners: P.U.B, I.C.I., RASCO
TRANSnet - Virtual Transport Market, an application regarding demand and offer management (ecommerce) for inner freight transport (pilot stage), Performed by TRANSINFO S.A.
•
No available data
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A3 – Activities
A3.1 Technology Pillars
A3.1.1 – Nano-electronics, photonics and integrated micro/nano-systems
To push the limits of miniaturisation, integration, variety and density of nano components and systems with
the aim of increasing performance at lower prices and to facilitate the incorporation of ICT in a wider range
of products and services.
•
The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
No available data
•
Relevant statistics and economic indicators
No available data
•
RTDs and SMEs conducting R&D activities
Key players:
1) National Institute For Research And Development In Microtechnologies (IMT)
General manager: Prof. Dan Dascalu ([email protected])
Address: Erou Iancu Nicolae 32 B, 72996, Bucharest,
Phone +40-21-4908412
Fax: 40-21-4908238
Website:www.imt.ro
• Centre Of Nanotechnology
Centre affiliated to the Romanian Academy (of Sciences) and financed by the National Programme
"Relansin" (2001-2004) as a Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnologies; Head of the centre: Dr. Irina Kleps
([email protected])
Main activity: Theoretical studies and experimental technologies in nanomaterials and nanostructures, with
main areas of expertise: silicon nanoelectrode arrays, low-frequency noise in nanostructured materials;
porous silicon layers; field emission nanostructures; biofunctional nanostructures and interfaces.
Partner in national networks: NANOTECHNET and BIONANONET (2001-2004);
Member of the Virtual centre of research in nanobiotechnologies CENOBITE (2002-2005);
Contractor of the Consultancy Centre in nanotechnologies, nanostructures and nanomaterials, (20012004);
Partner in international networks: "Network of Excellence on Nanoelectronics (Phantoms)";
Member of the thematic network entitled S-E Europe Regional "Network of Excellence: Nanosciences and
Multifunctional Materials".
•
Centre For Microstructures And Microsystem For Bio-Medical And Environmental
Applications
Head of the centre: Dr. Carmen Moldovan ([email protected])
Design and manufacturing of micro sensors for biomedical and environmental applications and
development of new micromachining technological processes for research and optimization of
micromachining technologies for customers.
Development of microstructures and Microsystems dedicated to complex determination in vivo, in situ and
in vitro of biological activity, with regard both to living systems and technological systems using biomimetic
principles.
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2) National Institute For Lasers, Plasma And Radiation Physics
Address: PO Box MG-54, RO-76900, Bucharest-Magurele;
Phone: +40-21-4574491,
Fax: +40-21-4574243, +40-21-4574467
• Laser Photochemistry Laboratory (Lpl)
Deputy General Director: Dr. Ion Morjan ([email protected])
Laser pyrolysis technique applied to the synthesis of nanopowders and thin films, produced by induced
reactions in the gas phase/on a substrate: experimental work, characterization, physical interpretation and
applications of the obtained nanostructures. Presently, the main interest is focused on iron oxides and
composites (Ti and Mo doped), iron and titanium carbides and carbonaceous nanostructures (including
fullerenes). More recently, one of the main research directions of the LPL has been the preparation of
carbon nanotubes produced by laser irradiation from the gas phase.
• Laser-Surface-Plasma Interactions Laboratory
Laboratory head: Prof. Ioan N. Mihailescu ([email protected])
The activity is focused on laser-synthesis and deposition of compound thin films of biocompatible and
bioactive materials, refractory, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and optical coatings. Biomedical implants are 3-D
nanoscale laser machined. The manufacture of biocompatible structures is aimed to substantially improve
the quality of existing implants both in orthopaedic and dental surgery. Another purpose is to create new
advanced functional materials able to trigger and control cells differentiation.
3) National Institute Of Materials Physics, Laboratory Of Low-Dimensional Systems
Head of Laboratory: Dr. Magdalena Lidia Ciurea ([email protected]), Contact person: Dr. CristianMihail Teodorescu ([email protected])
Address: Bucharest-Magurele P.O.Box MG 07, 76900 Romania,
Phone +40-21-4930047
Fax +40-21-4930195
Experimental facilities: thin film growth; melt spinning alloy elaboration; x-ray diffraction; x-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy; transport measurements; magneto-optical measurements; band structure
calculations.
Collaborative facilities: molecular beam epitaxy; CVD and PVD; EXAFS and XANES; high-resolution
photoemission; x-ray absorption and x-ray magnetic dichroism; electron microscopy.
Research interests: surfaces and interfaces; nanostructured quasicrystals; metal-fullerene thin films;
metal-semiconductor interfaces; oxide and nitride layers; nanocrystalline silicon; low-dimensionality
magnetism and electronic structure.
4) Advanced Research Institute for Electrical Engineering (SC ICPE-CA)
General Manager: Dr. Phys.Wilhelm Kappel ([email protected])
Address: 313 Splaiul Unirii, 74204 Bucharest 3,
Phone: +40-21-3467231
Fax: +40-21-3468299
• Department for Micro And Nano-Structured Materials And Their Applications
Contact person: Dr. Phys. Jenica Neamtu ([email protected])
• Magnetic Materials and Electrical Engineering Applications Department
Contact person: Eng. Ion Ivan ([email protected])
Researches on nanostructured composite magnetic materials of (Nd,Pr)FeB/a Fe for obtaining of
permanent magnets were developed. For these materials, the magnetic hardening phenomena is
depending on exchange interactions between hard magnetic phase (Nd2Fe14B) and soft magnetic phase
(a Fe).
•
Final
Ceramic Department
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Contact person: Dr. Phys. Gheorghe Gavriliu ([email protected])
Researches on nano-materials and nano-ceramics based on alumina and composite.
• Carbon Materials Laboratory
Contact person: Phys. Ana Maria Bondar ([email protected])
5) University “Politehnica” – Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Bucharest
Post: C.P. 12-134, 78100 Bucharest 1
Tel: +40-1-650 3298 / 225
Fax: +40-1-312 9647
E-mail: [email protected]
Website:www.oxy.pub.ro
6) Microelectronics R&D Centre
P.O. Box 57-112, Bucharest, ROMANIA
Tel.: +40-1-4024834, Fax: +40-1-4113193
Contact person:
Prof. Dr. Eng. Marcel D. Profirescu
Tel/Fax: +40 21 4113193
Website:www.edit.pub.ro
Areas of Expertise
• e-Learning and e-Training, including courses, applications, virtual laboratory and final examination
• Applied ICT (Web, OOP, Java)
• Education in microelectronics, electrical and electronic engineering, numerical methods, information
sciences, technology computer aided design (TCAD)
• Modeling, simulation, design and optimization of microelectronic processes, devices and ICs
• Simulation and design in Microelectromechanical Systems and Nanotechnology
- Some of the recent projects:
European Union funding:
- RSM – SIFP - Optimization of Electronic Devices Using Response Surfaces Constructs with the
Statistical
Interpolation and Fokker-Planck Learning Machines (project partners: IMEC
Leuven/Belgium, KUL Leuven/Belgium)
- TRAMIS - Transistor Mismatch for Analog Design from a TCAD Perspective (project partners: IMEC
Leuven/Belgium, KUL Leuven/Belgium)
- VLSI – Analysis and Modelling of VLSI
World Bank funding:
- MODEH - Modelling, Simulation and Characterization of Advanced Heterostructure System
- EDIT - Continuing Education Network in Information Technology and Microelectronics
- INTERNET - International Network for Interdisciplinary PhD Studies
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National funding:
• BIMOSS - A 2D Device Simulator for Submicron Devices Based on Hydrodynamic Equations
• IM3C - Integrated Magnetic Micro Sensors Modeling and Characterization (project partner: Lehrstuhl für
Technische Elektrophysik, Technical University Münich (Germany))
• SOLAR - Design of a cheap c-Si solar cell using a combination of SOD Impurity Sources and New RTD
Technique (project partners: Democritos University of Thrace, Greece and INTRACOM Greece)
• MCN - Particle Transport Modeling in Nanostructures Using Monte Carlo Method (project partner: IEMN
Villeneuve D'Ascq (France)
Results
• BIMOSS - Device simulator based on hydrodynamic model for submicron devices
• BIMOSS-MAG2D - Module for electromagnetic simulation used in design and optimization of integrated
magnetic sensors.
• PRISM-EM - Module for the simulation of electromigration and stressmigration effects in the metal paths
from integrated circuits
• SIFP - Optimization environment for device and circuit design
•
Government Policy
At national level is acting the National Plan for R&D and Innovation and for “Nano-electronics, photonics
and integrated micro/nano-systems” is dedicated the sub-programme MATNANTECH – “New materials,
micro and nanotechnologies”. This is managed and financed by the Romanian Ministry of Education and
Research. Overall budget for 2001-2005: 6,5 M Euro.
Programme manager:
(www.oxy.pub.ro)
University
“Politehnica”
–
Faculty
of
Chemical
Engineering,
Bucharest
150 organizations are involved in the researches financed under this programme, out of which: 54 research
institutes, 16 universities, 13 large enterprises and 42 SMEs.
Specific research objectives:
• development of new technologies
- photonic micro and nanostructures for communication;
- nanostructured nanoparticles and composite nanostructures with selective properties;
- nanostructures and nanostructured materials with application in electronics, mechanics,
metallurgy;
- nanostructured materials for biomedical use;
• development of new materials
- smart materials with application in electronics, biomedicine and building;
- functional and multifunctional advanced materials
- stable and biocompatible materials, useful for diagnose and therapy
Networks within MATNANTECH National Programme provide networking opportunities and centres of
excellence that bring together researchers, business people and investors:
-
Network of research laboratories in the field of micro and nano-bioengineering (14 organizations)
Network of research laboratories in the field of nano-technologies (13 organizations)
Network of laboratories for characterization of materials and structures for micro and nanoengineering (7 organizations)
Network of research laboratories in the field of tough materials (6 organizations).
MATNANTECH components:
-
Final
1. Composite material
New materials with applications in transport, energy and biomedicine
Advanced materials for buildings and environment
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2. Smart materials
Smart materials with applications in building, biomedicine and electronics
Memory – shape alloys
Intelligent composites
Chemical and biochemical sensors
3. Biomaterials and biosubstances
New / advanced materials which are stable, biocompatible and useful for diagnose and
therapy
Biomaterials for implants and stomatology
4. Advanced materials with electrical, optical, magnetic and thermo mechanic properties
Functional and multifunctional advanced materials
5. Micro and nanoelectronics and optoelectronics
Photonic micro and nanostructures for communications
Microelectronic, microphotonic and microwave integrated subsystems
New materials, microsystems and microstructures for communications and radiolocation in
centimetric, millimetric and submillimetric wave bands.
6. Micro and nanotechnologies for interfaces, transducers and microsystems
New materials and technologies for electrooptical and mechanical microstructures and
microsystems for intelligent processing
Intelligent Microsystems
Computational techniques, hardware architectures, biological (biomimetic) microrobotic
element
7. Nanostructured materials, micro and nanostructures
Nanostructured materials for biomedical use
Nanostructured nanoparticles and composite nanostructures with selective properties
Nanostructures and nanostructured materials for applications in electronics, mechanics,
metallurgy
8. Centres of Excellence, Thematic Networks
-
•
Related National and EU projects in which your country is participating
Within the framework of MATNANTECH Programme a total of 108 collaborative projects, 3 single
beneficiary projects and 7 priority projects, were approved and financed by August 2001 involving 134
Partners and a funding R&D budget of 6.530 MEuro. About 49 % of the beneficiaries are from the
institutional sector, 13 % from large enterprises and 38 % from small and medium-sized enterprises.
At national level, there are acting the following networks in Nanotechnologies:
1) NANOTECHNET- Network of Research Laboratories in Nanotechnology
A national (Romanian) network, set-up in October 2001 with 13 partners, as a more focused structure (on
nanotechnologies) arisen from the existing network Micronanotech. One must know that the network
Micronanotech was among the 20 European networks selected for the workshop "Networking of
Nanotechnology in Europe" (Brussels, June 6th 2001), organized in the context of the "Survey of Networks
in Nanotechnology" carried out jointly by the EC programmes "Quality of Life", "Information Society
Technologies" and "Competitive and Sustainable Growth". The workshop follows the first public release of
survey results, which contains information on 54 European networks.
The main objectives of Nanotechnet are to stimulate multidisciplinary education and training by research in
interdisciplinary field and to improve the links between fundamental and engineering science, between
research, academics and industrial media. to promote and co-ordinate research programmes in micro and
nanotechnologies. The network Nanotechnet has a truly multidisciplinary character; grouping scientists
specialized in physics, microelectronics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, etc. Also, multiple forms of
organizing the research are involved: the participants are national research institutes, research institutes of
the Romanian Academy, research centers form universities and small companies involved in research
activities. The representatives of all participants form a virtual steering committee. The activity of
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Nanotechnet is mainly supported by a project (2001-2004) from the national program MATNANTECH. After
the first year, Nanotechnet already has 18 partners from six Romanian cities.
Contact persons: Prof. Dan Dascalu, General Manager of IMT-Bucharest ([email protected]), Dr. Marius
Bazu ([email protected]).
2) BIONANONET – Bionanotechnology Network
It is a national network bringing together R&D, clinics, SMEs groups involved in biomedicine. This approach
evolves as a result of the decision to take into consideration the main EU RTD (research and technological
development) trends and to concentrate on specified areas in the national science policy. The network
focuses on synergistically catalyzing different competences (micro engineering, physics, biology,
chemistry) in Romania, with a view to integrate the ‘science without borders’ initiative, according to
European science policy. Starting as an institutional nucleus (R&D institutes, Academy centers,
universities, administrative and commercial groups), it will constantly develop to create a wide specialized
database containing scientific research and technological development projects and trends, information on
new approaching and activities, existing facilities and infrastructure. The mean way to reach the strategic
goal of integrating the national research groups into the ‘European Research Area’ is represented by the
ability: i) to join and stir up human resources (mainly youngsters), ii) to develop intensive and
comprehensive electronic communication among professional groups. The network activity is supported by
a MATANANTECH project co-ordinated by IMT-Bucharest.
Contact persons: Prof. Dan Dascalu, General Manager of IMT-Bucharest ([email protected]), Biol. Roxana
Vasilco ([email protected])
3) CENOBITE - Research Centre in Nanobiotechnologies
A virtual centre at the national level (a brand-new concept for Romania), based on a network of research
groups. The model used for conceiving Cenobite is the Excellence Network as planned for the 6th
Framework Programme, adapted for Romania by taking into account the strategic lines of the European
integration.
A MATNANTECH project initiated in October 2002 will support this centre, the contractor being IMTBucharest. Almost all members of Cenobite are participants in one or two infrastructure projects (research
networks and centre of services) financed by MATNANTECH from 2001. Most of them are already
cooperating in common research projects. Cenobite is financing purchasing of equipments, visits of foreign
scientists and organization of scientific events. This is complementary to the financing from the
infrastructure projects, which is focused mainly on multidisciplinary training (courses, short stages),
exchange of information etc.
Contact persons: Prof. Dan Dascalu, General manager of IMT-Bucharest ([email protected]), Dr. Marius
Bazu ([email protected]).
4) 3N - Consultance Centre in Nanotechnologies, Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
The activity of the Consultancy Centre is supported by a MATNANTECH project, with the following
objectives:
The Elaboration of "3N" Data Bases for Romanian Activities with the following structure:
experts groups;
services on "request-offer" principle;
jobs announcements;
on-line courses;
maps of: groups with "3N" scientific activities; equipment for nanomaterials and nanostructures
fabrication / characterisation; results: patents, published papers, applied technologies.
Accumulation of information and technical data from Romanian research institutes, universities and
SMEs;identifying the end-users in order to apply the research results in industrial area.
Organisation of a paid services module:
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nanomaterials fabrication and characterisation;
advanced technological solutions (design, modelling) related to the nanomaterials integration in
complex microsystems for applications in priority fields: environment, biology, medicine, agriculture.
Establishing of the multidisciplinary collaboration at national and international level.
Other projects:
- ROMNET-ERA (www.romnet.net)
The estimated results of the project ROMNET-ERA (2004-2006) will be the integration of the target group
(the Romanian scientific community network organised on FP6) into ERA.
ROMNET-ERA is supporting four networks made of research centres, which are active in the fields
corresponding to the four FP6 priorities chosen for this project:
1) New materials and technologies for health (priority 1)
2) Micro and nanotehnologies (priorities 2 si 3)
3) New materials and production processes (priority 3)
4) Tehnologies for the quality of food and security (priority 5)
- MINAEAST: Micro and Nanotechnologies going Eastern Europe through Networking (FP6),
www.minaeast.net ;
- MINOS: Micro and Nanosystems European Network pursuing the integration of NMS and ACC in ERA
(FP6)
•
No available data
•
Trade Associations and Institutes
No available data
A3.1.1.1 – Micro/Nano Systems
•
The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
No available data
•
No available data
•
RTDs (CEEC IST NET data base)
1) University of Bacau
University of Bacau has almost 3000 students, the academic staff has more then 200 persons and there
are 26 research laboratories. The university offer academic programs in engineering, humanities,
economics and science.
Contact person: Gheorghe Brabie, Vice - rector
Address: 157, Marasesti - 600115 Bacau - Romania,
Phone: + 40234542411
Fax: +40234545753
Website: www.ub.ro/ub/
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2) University of Petrosani
University of Petrosani has more than 6000 students and the academic staff includes almost 200 persons.
The university has three faculties and offer 25 long term academic programs and seven short term
programs in mine engineering, electrical & mechanical engineering, end science.
Contact person: Emil Pop, research vice-rector
Address: 20, Universitatii - 332006 Petrosani - Romania,
Phone: +40254546112
Fax: +40254543491
Website: www.upet.ro
3) University of Craiova
University of Craiova has 16 faculties delivering long and short term academic programs.
The Computational Biomechanics Group at the University of Craiova, Romania is dedicated to develop
computational, experimental and clinical technology to study the biomechanics behavior of anatomical
structures and evaluate physiologic responses of the human body under normal, diseased, and surgicallyaltered states.
Contact person: Doina Ungureanu, Head of the Scientific Research Departament
Address: 13, A.I.CUZA - 200585 Craiova
Phone: +40251413844
Fax: +40251418803
Website: www.central.ucv.ro
4) National Institute of materials physics (NIMP)
The National Institute of Materials Physics (NIMP) Bucharest (Romania) is one of the physics institutes
belonging to Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA-Bucharest-Magurele), a major research center in Romania.
The general goal of the NIMP is to conduct high level basic and applied research in some selected areas of
Solid State Physics and Materials Science. With a high qualified personnel (14 PhD supervisors, 89
Doctors, 54 PhD students), the NIMP is implied an important number of national and international R &D
projects.
Contact person: Florin Vasiliu, Scientific Director
Address: 105, Atomistilor Str. - 077125 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40214930195
Fax: +40214930267
Website: www.infim.ro
5) Politehnica University of Timisoara
The "Politehnica" University of Timisoara has 9 faculties delivering the academic programmes such as:
Automation and Computer Science and Engineering; Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering;
Electrical Engineering; Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Civil Engineering and
Architecture; Hydrotechnical Engineering; Mechanical Engineering.
In the recent years, the University through its Regional Centre for Open and Distance Learning has begun
to offer open and distance education in different areas and in different languages, supported by new
technologies. They also offer continous education in Education Department and through their centers.
Contact person: Radu Vasiu, Scientific Director
Address: 2, Pta Victoriei - 300006 Timisoara - Romania,
Phone: +40256403005
Fax: +40256403028
Webiste: www.utt.ro
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6) "1 Decembrie 1918" University of Alba Iulia
University December 1st 1918 was launched in 1991 in Alba Iulia with two long-term and three short-term
specializations. Beginning with 1998/1999, the credit system is introduced.
The university has four departments and two research centres: "Iuliu Maniu" Political and Historical
Research Centre and Excellency Centre in Scientific Research.
Contact person: Kadar Manuella, Director
Address: 11, Nicolae Iorga - 510009 Alba Iulia - Romania,
Phone: +40258806270
Fax: +40258806260
Website: www.uab.ro
7) University Politehnica of Bucharest
University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest (UPB) is the most important technical university in Romania. With
more than 180 years of existence, UPB represents one of the fundamental and prestigious institutions of
Romanian higher education, being the main source for the technical specialists of Romania.
Specializations offered by "Politehnica": Electical & Power Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer
Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, Mechanical Engineering, Engineering and Management of
Technological Systems, Biotechnical Systems, Transports Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Material
Science and Engineering, Industrial Chemistry, Engineering Science.
All faculties are engage in scholarly research, most often in association with graduate students.
Contact person: Andrei Szuder, Chairman / Dean / Rector
Address: 313, Splaiul Independentei - 060042 Bucuresti - Romania,
Phone: +40213169575
Fax: +40213169576
Website: www.pub.ro
8) Ovidius University of Constanta
Ovidius University has 9 faculties and 2 colleges with 36 specializations in medicine, engineering, sciences,
economics. More than 12000 students are included in the academic programs and the academic staff has
almost 700 persons.
Contact person: Constantin Popa, Scientific Director
Address: 124, Blvd. Mamaia - 900527 Constanta - Romania
Phone: +40241618070
Fax: +40241618372
E-mail : [email protected]
Website: www.univ-ovidius.ro/default.htm
9) Valahia University of Targoviste
At present VALAHIA University of Targoviste now comprises 8 faculties (long-term courses of 3 or 4 years),
3 university colleges (short-term 3 - year courses), 40 university specialisations, 6 departements (including
the University VALAHIA of Targoviste library), postgraduate courses (Master's degree courses), teacher
training courses and distance learning courses. Contact person: Calin Oros – Rector
Address: 2, Regele Carol I Blvd., 130024, Targoviste – Romania
Phone/Fax: +40-245-213382
Website: http://www.valahia.ro
10) University of Pitesti, Faculty of Electronics and Electromechanics
The University of Pitesti is a young, dynamic, modern and flexible institution of high education.
It offers large educational possibilities to the young people from Romania and from other regions in the
world. The priorities of the University of Pitesti are directed towards the development of a high quality
scientific research activity, the training of the young people as future high specialists, able to find a proper
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job in the Romanian and European labor market, which becomes more and more saturated and
demanding.
Contact person: Silviu Ionita – Scientific Director
Address: 1, Targu din Vale Str., 110040, Pitesti – Romania,
Phone: +40-248-222949
Fax: +40-248-216448
Website: www.upit.ro
11) Technical University “Gh. Asachi” Iasi
From among the 56 institutions of higher state education in Romania, The "Gh.Asachi" Technical University
of Iaşi has the oldest tradition in engineering education and is highly ranked among the Technical
Universities.
Contact person: Luminita Saruleanu – University Secretary
Address: 67, D Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi – Romania,
Phone: +40-232-212324
Fax: +40-232-211667
Website: http://www.tuiasi.ro/index.php
12) Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad
Faculty of Engineering, Automatisation and Software
Contact person: Valentina E Balas – Scientific Director
Address: 41, Aurel Vlaicu Blvd., 310141, Arad – Romania,
Phone: +40-257-250389
Fax: +40-257-250389
Website: www.uav.ro
13) University of Dentistry of Timisoara
Contact person: Cosmin Sinescu – Scientific Director
Address: 1, Iuliu Maniu Blvd., 300188, Timisoara – Romania,
Phone: +40-722-280132
Fax: +40-722-280-132
RTD Labs (CEEC IST NET data base)
1) System Control and Computer Engineering – University of Petrosani
System Control, software engineering, digital systems, database systems, inteligent control, data
acquisition, modeling and simulation, robot control, monitoring systems
Contact person: Nicolae Patrascoiu – Research Group Leader
Address: 20, Universitatii Str., 332006, Petrosani – Romania
Phone/Fax: +40-254-542580
2) Physics Department – Faculty of Science – University of Targoviste
Contact Person: Dr. Claudia Stihi – Head of Physics Department
Address: 18, Unirii Blvd., 130024, Targoviste – Romania
Phone: +40-245-213382, Fax: +40-245-213382
Wedsite: http://www.valahia.ro
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3) Electronics and Telecomunications - Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
– Politehnica University of Timisoara
Contact person: Mircea Ciugudean – Research Group Leader
Address: 2, Vasile Parvan Str., 302223, Timisoara – Romania,
Phone: +40-256-403335
Fax: +40-256-403333
4) Center of Research “Managerial and Technological Engineering” – University of Bacau
Contact person: Gheorghe Brabie – Dean
Address: 157, Marasesti, 600115, Bacau – Romania,
Phone: +40-234-542411, Fax: +40-234-545753
5) Faculty of Engineering – University of Bacau
Contact person: Valentin Nedeff – Research Group Leader
Phone: +40-234-580170
Fax: +40-234-580170
SMEs (CEEC IST NET data base)
1) IP Devel
IP Devel is a leader in the Romanian software outsourcing market IP Devel provide complex and strategic
outsourcing solutions that stretch from IT services and consultancy to BPO, from remote team to R&D.
Dynamic and flexible, the company has successfully penetrated challenging markets, such as Japan and
Hong Kong in Asia, together with traditional ones in Europe and the USA. Since 2000, IP Devel has
delivered to its clients in Asia, North America, and Europe over 300 customized software solutions,
registering significant growth yearly. Well established yet seeking to improve its professional practices
constantly, IP Devel has received a number of internationally recognized certifications and initiated the
process of being recognized as a CMM Level 3 organization.
Contact person: Octavian Cristea, Business Development Manager
Address: 1, Vasile Milea - 061341 Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-724567470
Fax: +40212127030
Website: www.ipdevel.net
RTD user
2) SC COMMON SRL
COMMON is a hardware & software provider and offer a range of network services and Internet access.
Contact person: Nicusor Moise, Managing director
Address: 15, Barbu Vacarescu - 020271 Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: + 40212107976
Fax: +40212103905
Website: www.common.ro
Distributor, Supplier
3) S.C. OPTOELECTRONICA 2001 S.A.
S.C. OPTOELECTRONICA 2001 S.A is a stock company.
The main activity object is research and technological development in physics, advanced electronics,
optoelectronics, image processing for medical geographical and military applications.
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The Company also has fabrication lines for optoelectronic devices (night vision devices, lasers and laser
devices, physical protection systems, piezoceramic transducers)
Quality system ISO 9001 / 2001 is implemented and certified by accredited certification authorities.
Contact person: Teodor Necsoiu, Managing director
Address: 409, Atomistilor - 077125 Magurele - Romania,
Phone: + 40214574498
Fax: +40214574204
Website: www.optoel.com
RTD Provider
4) Mobile Media Company SRL
Contact person: Ion Vaciu – General Manager
Address: 9, Magheru Blvd. – 010323 Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-3152042
Fax: +40-21-3152042
Supplier
5) S.C. Industrial Engineering and Technology VTC SRL
Research, design and execution regarding complex installations with graphic interfaces for: electric,
electronic, hydraulic and pneumatic industrial automation. Calculus technique, electric drives for low and
middle tension (flow sheet control and command, process parameters control, weighing / proportioning in
flux, drives for water supply and water treatment) are developed.
Contact person: Luigi Vladareanu – Managing Director
Address: 24 Burla Vasile Str., Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-744-756005
Fax: +40-21-3157478
RTD user
6) SC SINTEX45 SRL
Contact person: Dumitru Ulieru – Managing Director
Address: 93 Ghica Tei Blvd., 023705, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-743-219756
Fax: +40-21-3468177
Supplier
7) Rogers Technologies SRL
Contact person: Ion Druta – Scientific Director
Address: 2, Victoriei Plaza, 330085, Deva – Romania,
Phone: +40-722-790605
Fax : +40-254-235115
Supplier
•
Government Policy
At national level is acting the National Plan for R&D and Innovation and for “Nano-electronics, photonics
and integrated micro/nano-systems” is dedicated the sub-programme MATNANTECH – “New materials,
micro and nanotechnologies”. This is managed and financed by the Romanian Ministry of Education and
Research. Overall budget for 2001-2005: 6,5 M Euro. Programme manager: University “Politehnica” –
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Bucharest (www.oxy.pub.ro)
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•
Research.
Other projects
-
ROMNET-ERA (www.romnet.net)
MINAEAST: Micro and Nanotechnologies going Eastern Europe through Networking (FP6),
www.minaeast.net ;
MINOS: Micro and Nanosystems European Network pursuing the integration of NMS and ACC in ERA
(FP6)
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.1.1.2 – Nano-Electronics
•
The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
No available data
•
No available data
•
programs in mine engineering, electrical & mechanical engineering and science.
Contact person: Emil POP, research vice-rector
Address: 20, Universitatii - 332006 Petrosani – Romania
Phone: +40254546112
Fax: +40254543491
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Address: 13, Al. I.Cuza - 200585 Craiova,
Phone: +40251413844
Fax: +40251418803
projects.
Phone: +40214930195
Fax: +40214930267
The Politehnica University of Timisoara has 9 faculties delivering the academic programmes such as:
technologies. They also offer continuous education in Education Department and through their centres.
Phone: +40256403005,
Fax: +40256403028
Website: www.utt.ro
5) Politehnica University of Bucharest
Specializations offered by "Politehnica": Electrical & Power Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer
Contact person: Andrei SZUDER, Chairman / Dean / Rector
Phone: +40213169575
Fax: +40213169576
Website: www.pub.ro
6) University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa” – Iasi
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The university, located in Iasi, northeast of Romania, is a complex higher education institution with of six
faculties: Medicine, Pharmacy, Dental Medicine, Medical Bioengineering, Midwifery, Physiokinesitherapy,
and eight colleges: Nursing, Dental Technique, Audiology, Balneophysiokinesitherapy and Rehabilitation,
Cosmetics, Pharmaceutical Technique, and Hygiene and Public Health.
The faculties offer six-year-courses and the colleges organize three-year-courses, the students having to
take a license examination at the completion of their studies.
Contact person: Cristian Marius Toma, Director of National and European Programme’s Depart.
Address: 16, Universitatii - 700115 Iasi - Romania,
Phone: +40232264670
Fax: +40232264670
Website: www.umfiasi.ro
7) Hyperion University
University Hyperion of Bucharest is functioning with 10 faculties and 21 specialisations authorised or
accreditated.
Contact person: Ion Spanulescu – Rector
Address: 169, Calarasilor Way, 030165, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-3234167
Fax: +40-21-3216296
Website: www.hyperion.ro
Address: 20, Universitatii Str., 332006, Petrosani – Romania,
Phone/Fax: +40-254-542580
2) Physics Department – Faculty of Science – University of Targoviste
Contact Person: Dr. Claudia Stihi – Head of Physics Department
Address: 18, Unirii Blvd., 130024, Targoviste – Romania,
Phone: +40-245-213382
Fax: +40-245-213382
3) Laboratory of Low Temperature Physics and Superconductivity – National Institute of Materials
Physics
Contact person: Lucica Miu – Research Group Leader
Address: 105, Atomistilor Str., 077125, Magurele – Bucuresti – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-4930047
Fax: +40-21-4930267
4) Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Complex Heterostructures – National Institute of
Materials Physics
Contact person: Dr. Ioana Pintilie – Research Group Leader
Address: 105, Atomistilor Str., 077125, Magurele – Bucuresti – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-4930047
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Fax: +40-21-4930267
Phone: +40-744-756005
Fax: +40-21-3157478
RTD user
Phone: +40-722-790605
Fax : +40-254-235115
Supplier
•
Government policy
No available data
•
Research.
The programme aims to develop and support the research focused on advanced materials, nanomaterials
and nanotechnologies. Since 2001, when it was created, the programme managed to gather the
representative Romanian research and to finance interesting projects on new materials, nanomaterials and
nanotechnologies, being more and more involved in developing the strategy of research in this field.
The national Programme MATNANTECH is financing projects in nanotechnologies, such as:
Bionanotechnology network (BIONANONET) – Biol. Roxana Vasilco, IMT-Bucharest
Characterization of Materials and Structures for Micro and Nanonengineering MINAMAT-NET) – Dr.
Raluca Muller, IMT-Bucharest
Network of Research Laboratories in Nanotechnologies (NANOTECHNET) – Dr. Marius Bazu, IMTBucharest
Consulting Centre in Nanomaterials, Nanostructured and Nanotechnology (3N) – Dr. Irina Kleps, IMTBucharest
Nanostructured silicon matrix for applications in biology and controlled drugs supply – Eng. Anca
Angelescu, IMT-Bucharest
Noise measurements in nanomaterials: a new investigation method – Dr. Mihai Mihaila, IMT-Bucharest
Centre for Researches in Nanobiotechnologies (CENOBITE) – Dr. Marius Bazu
•
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No available data
•
No available data
A3.1.1.3 – Photonics
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
projects.
Address: 105, ATOMISTILOR Str. - 077125 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40214930195
Fax: +40214930267
2) Politehnica University of Bucharest
Phone: +40213169575
Fax: +40213169576
Website: www.pub.ro
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devices, physical protection systems, piezoceramic transducers).
Phone: + 40214574498
Fax: +40214574204
RTD user, RTD provider
•
Government policy
No available data
•
- MINAEAST-NET Project (Micro and Nanotechnologies going Eastern Europe through Networking)
- The aim of the network MINAEAST-NET is to prepare the participation of organisations from associated
candidate countries (ACCs) for projects in FP6 in the area of Micro and Nano Technologies (MNT). The
main objective is networking on micro and nanotechnologies, according to priority thematic areas 2 (IST)
and 3 (NMP) from FP 6. The MINAEAST-NET project will develop a network of networks, called also
MINAEAST-NET, which will be composed of networks of micro and nanotechnologies from ACC. Core
members of this MINAEAST-NET network of networks originating during the duration of the project will be
the project partners (from both ACC and MS), as well as the coordinators or contact points of the above
existing or emerging networks in micro and/or nanotechnologies.
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.1.2 – Unbiquitous and unlimited capacity communication networks Back to Sector Map
To offer ubiquitous access over heterogeneous networks - fixed, mobile and broadcasting networks
spanning from the personal area to the regional and global area - allowing the seamless delivery of ever
higher volumes of data and services anywhere, anytime.
•
•
Due to delayed reform and lack of understanding of the telecommunications economics, Romania has
today one of the lowest fixed line penetration rates (20%) in Central Europe, even if in 1998 it was
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•
•
ranked ahead of Hungary and Poland. In the rural areas, where 47% of the population lives, the density
is even lower – 10%.
Romania’s main problem remains the local network. For bridging this digital divide large investments
are needed to be attracted from outside the industry.
The fixed telephony must be regarded as business and not a social service. Political pressures to
reduce tariffs lead to a low quality of the service, waiting lists and a slower development of the fixed
local infrastructure – gradually placing Romania on the lowest rank, in what penetration rate is
concerned, among Central European countries. Liberalization, on January 1, 2003, lead only to
deregulation of the long distance tariffs. The local tariffs must also be freely established by the market.
This can act as means to unblock the local market and reduce the gap between Romanian and the rest
of Europe, while RomTelecom could rebalance its tariffs. The Law for universal Service represents and
excessive regulation for Romania, being in contradiction with the practice of market liberalization.
•
Legal framework for a fair competition. (1) In the competition with the mobile telephony, the fixed
telephony is technologically disadvantaged and also overregulated. Liberalizing the fixed phone
services could lead to a fair competition. (2) Placing the mobile tariffs on costs (following the LRIC
model, for example) will eliminate a barrier in the way of competition.
•
Encouraging competition in mobile telephony. (1) Today the GSM900 operators have some 96%
market share, which is a unique situation in Europe. Competition is absent in the presence of a
duopoly. (2) Even if investments in the mobile telephony are smaller than those in fixed telephony, the
services in the mobile network have much higher prices. High termination tariffs in mobile networks
discourage competition, and on a medium term, prevent small companies from growing. In this
direction, the mobile telephony tariffs should be put on costs. Also, until this is attained, the tariffs for
termination in mobile networks should be equal with those from the fixed network: €cents2.55/minute,
instead of US$ 0.10, as it is now. (3) CosmoRom needs a strategic partner, one with at least regional
ambitions, to rapidly construct a new business model; otherwise we will make the Guiness Book of
Records with the first bankrupcy of a GSM operator.
•
In the process of adopting EU laws in telecommunications, these should be adapted to the national
context, too – the macroeconomic and telecommunication ones. (1) The Universal service was applied
by prosperous nations to help minority groups (very few of citizens!) while in Romania poverty is a
mass phenomenon. Also, the amount proposed for financing the Universal Service (1% of the turnover)
is insufficient for Romania’s needs and it should not be taken from an industry which, despite of its
evolution much over the national economy, was not able to keep the pace with the rest of Europe.
Excessive regulations imposed by the law can make its implementation difficult. (2) 20 years ago, when
no alternative was available, the access to the local loop of the incumbents was mean to spur
competition. Today even the promoters of LLU are reconsidering their position. LLU did not lead to
competition even in the presence of a strong infrastructure - 52%, the average of EU penetration rate.
Romania’s penetration rate is at 20%, thus the newly entered on the market do not have much to
access. The rigurous implementation of the LLU law in Romania can misdirect investment form
increasing penetration.
•
For increasing penetration in rural areas other funding sources must be attracted, such as: (1) Funding
from telecommunications resulted after: awarding the 3G licenses (approx. US$140m), selling shares of
RomTelecom (IPO!), Radio communication, POSTelecom, or Telecommunication CFR and Teletrans
(over US$500m), taxes raised (frequencies usage, etc.), or privatizing the operators Radio
communication, Telecommunication CFR, Teletrans by raising their share capital; (2) Funds from the
state budget; (3) Funding from the European Union through ISPA, SAPARD, PHARE or other specific
programs for rural areas.
•
It is also necessary to raise the competitiveness of state companies Radio communication,
POSTelecom, or Telecommunication CFR and Teletrans, namely (1) emergency privatization through
attracting a strategic partner and investment funds, and (2) privatization through raising the share
capital. (Source: Policy Warning Report, June 2004)
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•
The Romanian electronic communications market registered a sustained growth during the last years. The
value of EUR 3.236 billion in 2002 ranks Romania on the 4th place among the European Union Candidate
Countries (Turkey not included) (see table below).
Comparative analysis of EUCC's telecommunications market value
(EUR billion)
12
10.956
10
8
6
4.201
3.82
4
3.236
1.567
2
1.387
1.178
0.825
0.718
0.561
0
Poland
Hungary
Czech Romania
Republic
Slovakia
Bulgaria
Slovenia Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Source: EITO Edition 2003 Book
For 2003, the year following the liberalisation, a positive trend was estimated for all the segments of the
electronic communications market. According to EITO estimations for this year, the Romanian electronic
communications market will reach by the end of the year the value of EUR 3.6 billion and this increase will
be reflected by all sectors (see Charts below).
Romanian electronic communications market structure - 2003
40%
2%
8%
23%
27%
Telephony services (including Internet and on-line services)
Mobile telephony services
Data transmission and leased lines
CaTV services
Communication equipments
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Romanian electronic communications market structure,
2000-2003
4,000
1.84%
1.6%
3,500
34,16%
3,000
2,500
1.82%
1.46%
38,2%
24,18%
2,000
58,46%
41%
1,500
37%
42%
1,000
500
27%
24%
33%
30%
23%
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Data transmission and leased lines
Other communications equipments
Mobile telephony services
Telephony services (including Internet and on-line services)
Investments in the Electronic Communications Sector
Starting 1990, investments attracted by the telecommunications sector recorded a boost compared to the
amount of investments driven by other sectors during the same period. The total investments in the
electronic communications market in 2002 amounted to USD 301.7 million, out of which 36% were in the
mobile telephony sector. Investments in the fixed telephony reached USD 130 million.
In 2002, foreign investments in Romania represented 2.4% of the GDP and the electronic communications
(especially the radio/mobile telephony networks segments) ranked among the main beneficiary sectors,
such as natural gas, transport, commerce, automotive industry, etc.
Currently, the percentage of the private sector in the electronic communications sector is 70% compared to
45.3% in 1995. The structure of the market is similar to that of other Candidate Countries and one of the
common features is the larger market share of mobile telephony compared to fixed telephony.
Authorised Providers
The liberalisation of the electronic communications market and the rapid evolution of the electronic
communications sector generated a high level of optimism, leading to a boom of the number of providers of
electronic communications networks and services who are active in the market. By December 31st, 2003,
from the total of 1,809 companies that notified ANRC in order to obtain the general authorisation for the
provision of electronic communications networks or services, 1,560 were authorised. A number of 905
companies were authorised to provide public electronic communications networks.
Companies authorised to provide public networks
C ompa ni e s a ut hor i s e d t o pr ov i de ot he r c ommuni c a t i ons s e r v i c e s
400
350
300
250
354
362
200
1 50
1 00
50
0
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82
5
Data transmissions services
Internet access
Mobile professional radio-communicatio
Radio-paging
Source: ANRC
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Telephony services through fixed public networks
Telephony services through terrestrial public mobile networks
Telephony services through satellite
178
76
10
Among the companies authorised to provide telephony services through fixed public networks:
141 companies – provide local calls
149 companies – provide long distance calls
167 companies – provide international calls
75 companies – will install public payphones
67 companies – provide ISDN services.
Companies authorised to provide telephony services
170
16 7
160
150
14 9
14 1
140
130
120
Local calls
Long distance calls
International calls
Source: ANRC
As regards the provision of other electronic communications services, ANRC authorised a total number of
493 companies out of which 71% provide data transmissions services and 73% Internet access services
(Chart 5.6). Also, a large number of companies notified in order to obtain the general authorisation for the
provision of professional mobile radio communications and radio-paging services.
Companies authorised to provide other communications services
C om pa ni e s a ut h or i se d t o p r ov i d e o t he r c o m m un i c a t i on s se r v i c e s
400
350
300
250
354
362
200
150
100
50
0
82
5
Data transmissions services
Internet access
Mobile professional radio-communications
Radio-paging
Source: ANRC
By December 31, 2003, 905 companies were authorised to provide fixed public telephony networks and
178 companies to provide telephony services through fixed public networks.
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Companies which provide fixed telephony services
- December 2003 10%
21%
9%
12%
22%
26%
local calls
long distance
international calls
voice mail
telephone books
ISDN
Source: ANRC
The largest part of the providers newly entered in the market of telephony services provided through fixed
public networks started to offer telephony services on the international calls segment. By the end of
December 2003, over 30 operators were providing telephony services through prepaid cards in the
Romanian market.
Providers of public mobile networks in Romania
Band
Technology Operators
Mobifon S.A.
900 MHz
Shareholders
54.76% Mobifon Holdings B.V., The
Netherlands
20.1% Vodafone Europe B.V., The
Netherlands
GSM
Orange România S.A.
51% Orange France (strategic investor)
10.62% Norington Ent., Cyprus
1800 MHz
DCS
Cosmorom S.A.
100% Romtelecom S.A.
450 MHz
CDMA2000
Telemobil S.A.
100% Inquam
Source: Operators
Romania is one of the few countries where the segment of telephony services provided through fixed public
networks follows a positive trend between 2002 and 2003: the value of the fixed telephony market
estimated for 2003 is 10% higher than in the previous year.
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Value of market of fixed telephony services
(includes Internet and on-line services)
- EUR million 900
800
831
739
700
600
772
642
500
400
300
200
100
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Since 1997, the telephony services provided through public mobile telephony networks have known a
spectacular increase in Romania. In 2003, the value of the telephony market showed a 20% increase
compared to the previous year.
Value of mobile telephony market (EUR million)
1,600
1493
1,400
1203
1,200
1,000
946
800
600
578
400
200
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Investments
In 2002, the total investments in the market of telephony services provided through public mobile networks
amounted to approximately ROL 3,600 billion (EUR 115 million), representing 36% of the total investments
in the telecommunications market (total value of investments also includes investments in buildings and
lands).
Data Transmissions, Internet Access and Leased Lines Services
The data transmissions, Internet access and leased lines services represent approximately 1.6% of the
Romanian electronic communications market. The value of this market increased with 12% in 2003
compared to 2002 (Chart below).
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The value of the data transmissions and leased lines services market
Value of the data transmission and leased lines services market
(EUR million)
(Internet dial-up services not included)
80
67
70
60
52
50
41
40
32
30
20
10
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Source: EITO Edition 2003 Book (statistics for 2003 are estimated)
By means of the regulatory measures applied on these markets, ANRC intends to accomplish the following
main objectives:
- to promote the broadband electronic communications services by facilitating access of the new
providers to the end users;
- to stimulate competition by eliminating the entry barriers of the data transmissions, Internet access
and leased lines services markets;
- to protect the interests of the end users by ensuring the accessibility of internet access and data
transmissions services.
Prior to December 31, 2003, a number of 354 companies were authorised to provide data transmission
services and 362 to provide internet access services. The main services provided on the retail market are:
VPN, Internet access, VoIP, etc.
The entry into force of the new general authorisation regime and the regulation of the conditions for access
and interconnection to the network operated by S.C. Romtelecom S.A. facilitated the entry of new providers
on the market.
Thus, by December 31, 2003, a number of 362 companies were authorised to provide internet access
services. 77% of these reported the provision of access services through twisted metallic pair (dial-up
services), 60% through coaxial cable, 77% through leased lines, and 72% using radio access (Chart
below).
Connection means used by providers of internet access services
300
279
279
264
250
216
200
150
100
50
0
Dial-up
Final
Cable
Leased lines
Radio
Source: ANRC
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Broadband Internet Access
Between 2001 and 2002, the number of broadband Internet connections increased 21.8 times, mainly due
to the increase of the number of coaxial cable connections provided to residential users.
The percentage of broadband Internet access connections provided
through the access networks owned by providers calculated from the total Internet connections, by
type of connection, 2001 and 2002
60.00%
51.96%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
0.56%
10.00%
1.05%
2.62%
0.00%
T
pa ir s
b le
tal li c
e
ial ca
m
d
Coax
wis te
2001
4.88%
4.63%
3.55%
0.25%
2.16%
o
Radi
re
al fi b
tion s
O ptic
nnec
o
c
f
so
r type
O the
2002
1.72%
2002
2001
Source: ANRC, Study on the wholesale electronic communications markets aimed at identifying the relevant
markets for the access to the local loop, to the leased lines, and to the associated facilities, September 16, 2003
The percentage of broadband connections from the total number of Internet access connections therefore
increased from 10.48% in 2001 to 62.68% in 2002.
The percentage of number of Internet broadband connections from the total number of
connections, by type of access networks, 2001 and 2002
300
250
62.68%
200
10.48%
150
100
89.52%
37.32%
50
0
2001
Narrowband
2002
Broadband
Source: ANRC, Study on the wholesale electronic communications markets aimed at identifying the relevant
markets for the access to the local loop, to the leased lines, and to the associated facilities, September 16, 2003
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Narrowband Internet Access
Even though the increase of dial-up connections is limited by the reduced number of personal computers, a
rapid development is estimated to take place during the next years. Also, the growing Internet usage for a
multitude of services creates the prerequisites for the development of the Internet access services market.
Thus, the percentage of Internet users from the total population, 9% in 2001, even though reduced
compared to other European countries, is estimated to reach the level of 16% in 2003 according to data
made available by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.
As regards the prices, the level of tariffs for the dial-up access services provided through metallic wires
remains the smallest among the Candidate Countries and is ranked at the lowest level among the EU
Members States.
Postal Services Sector
The Romanian regulatory framework for postal services went through important changes during 2002 and
2003. The development of the economy as a whole resulted in the increase of the number of postal
services providers as well as in the appearance of new value-added services. Many of the postal services
providers operating in this market also carry out other economic activities, e.g. offering transport services.
Nevertheless, National Company Poşta Română S.A. is still the provider with the largest turnover, the only
company that offers a complete range of postal services.
Postal services market evolution (number of companies, December 31, 2003)
120
118
100
80
60
67
40
20
0
1999
5
1999
7
2000
2000
8
2001
2002
2001
2003
2002
Source: ANRC
•
Key players
1) The National Institute for Design in Telecommunications – TELEROM PROIECT S.A. - Bucharest
General Manager: Eng. Valeriu LEFTER
Address: Bd. Dinicu Golescu, nr 38, Bucharest, Romania, Zip code 77113
Phone: +4021 613 2604; +4021 400 3406
Fax: +4021 312 4203
Website: www.telerom.ro
Development studies, projects and documentation regarding telecommunication networks. Technical
assistance also included in International Communication Union and another telecommunication
international organizations.
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2) SIAT S.A. - Bucharest
General Manager: Eng. Alexandru MARINESCU
Address: Calea Floreasca, nr 169, Bucharest, Romania, Zip code 72321
Phone: +401 232 13 53; +401 232 10 40; +401 232 27 97
Fax: +401 232 29 29
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Website: www.siat.ro
R&D regarding data transmission in computer networks, information systems, via satellite and computer
network telecommunication services. Computation technique, computation and peripheral automation
systems, electronic, electrotechnic and communication equipment are produced. Expertise and certification
for computation technique, automation, electronics and informational products are developed. Normative,
standard and methodological documents, technical assistance and consulting are realized.
3) ASTRAL TELECOM
Address: Sos. Mihai Bravu 223, Optidol Center, Bucharest, Romania
Phone: +40 21 3226196
Fax: +40 21 3226197
E-mail: [email protected];
Management: Aurel Costea
Category: Comercial company
Activities: Telecommunications, Telecommunications equipments, ISP, CaTV, Internet Cafes
Services and software products, Solutions integrators, Electronic commerce
www.astral.ro
•
Government Policy
Two acts with a special impact on industry were passed in 2002, and could be enacted this year. These
laws are applied in the EU, a region with much more developed economies and telecommunications
compared to Romania.
Universal Service Obligation (USO)
One of these acts is the law of universal service (directive 2002/22/EC), which could be enforced this
year, and for which 1% of the operators’ turnover was proposed to ensure resources. According to directive
2002/22/EC, member states shall ensure that telephony services are available to all end-users in their
territory, independently of geographical location and at affordable price.
Countries have put USO in practice after reaching a certain level of development, in order to benefit
specific low-income social groups, or groups living in remote areas (insular, mountain, or rural). Universal
service was provided in education, health, water, railroads, etc. in order to create a level playing field for a
minority of disadvantaged citizens. What constitutes a minority in prosperous countries is a majority in
Romania, poverty being a widespread phenomenon.
The funds raised from the 1% turnover contribution are too low to meet the Romania’s needs; additional
sources must be found within and outside the industry.
Local Loop Unbundling (LLU)
Another law, probably coming into force this year, is ‘Local Loop Unbundling’ (European directive
2002/19/EC), according to which new entrants will have access to RomTelecom ’local loop’ - circuits
connecting exchanges with customers.
20 years ago, LLU was meant to spur competition; today in Romania it may detour investments from
increasing penetration rate.
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•
RNC is a national project co-ordinated and established by Department of Research, Ministry of Education
and Research targeted on the objectives related to research and development activity.
ROMANIAN NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NETWORK RNC is a national project coordinated and established by the Ministry of Education and Research targeted on the following main
objectives:
• Setting up technical and organizational infrastructure meant to provide national and international
services for the Romanian scientific research community;
• Providing a rapid and competitive tool for the exchange of information in the framework of R&D
community;
• Using the scientific and technical data bases available in the country and offered by the national
networks from other countries through international networks;
• Providing a support for information, documentation and scientific and technical co-operation
considering research teams and topics and R-D programs.
RNC is a member of the following European organizations:
- TERENA (Trans European Research and Education Networking Association)
- CEENet (Central and Eastern European Networking Association)
•
Mobile telephony will continue to be the engine of Romanian telecommunications. The GSM900
operators, where Romanian state is not a shareholder, will continue to consolidate their market positions,
increasingly providing their clients with bundled services (voice, data, Internet - fixed and mobile) to
RomTelecom’s detriment, being in a better position for convergence.
In 2004 mobile telephony will continue to have a two-digit growth - 15% - 25%, thus by the end of the year
the number of subscribers will be over 8m, while tariffs are expected to continuously decrease. However,
without a special interest in 3G, it is possible that in 2004 four 3G licenses will be awarded. It is most
probably that this will happen after the revitalization of CosmoRom in order to have four mobile operators
for the four licenses. In all likelihood GSM900 operators will buy 3G licenses using UMTS technology, a
technology without special results in region. Before December 2003, Hungary postponed the award of 3G
licenses for 2005. The reasons consisted in lack of interest, unprepared market, and technological
problems. Romania could also learn from this experience. The electoral year could be a chance for the
rescue of CosmoRom, but a decision should be taken rapidly.
Fixed telephony will continue its modest evolution with slight (<5%) increases in the number of
subscribers, while the industry turnover could continue to decrease. (Fig.6) Competition on the international
market will continue to be strong, while the arbitrage (between RomTelecom unbalanced tariffs and VoIP
tariffs), very attractive in 2003, will become less and less attractive, due to increased competition. This
could create problems, mainly for small companies (ISPs), paving the way for failures, mergers, and
acquisitions. At this time, competition on domestic long distance market would be welcome. It would be
time for Radio communication, Telecommunication CFR, Teletrans to enter the market, and this could
trigger tariffs reduction. Once again RomTelecom could be in a delicate situation being forced to reduce its
interurban tariffs without increasing accordingly local tariffs.
Probably, Telecommunication CFR and Teletrans will continue to develop their optical backbone networks,
even if the existing backbone network seems to be enough for current needs. Already, one heard voices
speaking on the surplus in transport capacity in Romania and even on future failures. Bankruptcies in
telecommunications throughout the world affected mainly carriers, their effects being supported by private
capital, not public funds. This scenario might not be repeated in Romania, taking into account shareholders’
structure, namely the presence of the state. Anyhow, the life on the long-distance market will not be easy,
surprises can be expected, and a solution to avoid them is privatization by attracting a strategic partner and
investment funds. Evolution towards a full service provider (local and long distance, data, voice, etc.) using
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low investments technology could be another solution for risk reduction, but it assumes partnerships with
other competitors and thus requires time.
Telecommunication CFR and Teletrans operate backbone networks providing a package of services to a
closed group of users. Restructuring these companies, transformation of network administration into a
business, is a complex process, which should be rapidly done. There is an umbilical cord limiting evolution
of these companies, while cutting it, by privatization via attracting a strategic partner, could accelerate the
companies’ evolution. A strategic partner will not only bring the industry expertise, but also access to
international finances. Presence of investment funds in shareholders structure is guarantee for increasing
the company’s market value on medium term, while also acting as antibodies, both very important for a
new entrant on liberalized market. Prior to privatization, Radio communication should be reorganized
separating state interests (TV and radio broadcasting) from the ones addressing the market.
Atlas Telecom, Astral Telecom and RCS/RDS have commercially launched their services, thus users have
now the chance of an alternative to RomTelecom’s services and of comparing service quality. Romanians
have the opportunity to see how these technologies work, while Romania could continue to be a trial field
for new technologies (wireless/WLL mainly). So, new players could enter the market using cheap access
technologies (WLL), providing telephony with limited mobility. In 2004 one could expect the boom of limited
mobility telephony, a service placed between fixed and mobile telephony, and which had a huge success in
India. There, it was launched as mobile telephony for poor population and thus it could be a solution for
Romanians, which also are not too rich.
POSTelecom might enter the market this year too, the last announced deadline for commercial launch
being autumn 2004. POSTelecom could benefit from the presence of China Unicom in its shareholders
structure, having the advantage of a business built from scratch: using latest technologies (IP centric
network, lower investment/line comparing to classical telephony, lower operational costs, etc.), hiring
necessary personnel (number, skills, etc.), and building a market-oriented organization. POSTelecom has
the disadvantage to have the Romanian state as a (majority) shareholder. It is also interesting to see the
impact of a Chinese product, 29% at the beginning, on a price sensitive market using western products.
Very important will be the cooperation among shareholders. Success is also depending on the speed of
network deployment and business development, as well as on the package of provided services, quality,
and tariffs. But, for time being.
In the conditions in which RomTelecom will not have permission to rebalance its tariffs its revenues will
continue to decrease. RomTelecom operates a ‘capital-intensive’ and ‘labor-intensive’ network, a voicecentric network, with expensive operation and providing only a limited package of services. This is a reason
for RomTelecom to lose ground in favor of its competitors using modern technologies. Another problem is a
modest evolution of its mobile arm, CosmoRom, more precisely a too much delayed restructuring.
RomTelecom is a unique case in Europe, being the only national operator without a strong mobile
telephony arm - mobile telephony representing less than 2% in total group turnover, compared to 40% in
Hungary’s Matav, or OTE. CosmoRom needs a strategic partner, a mobile telephony operator with at least
a regional strategy, able to build a new business model; an operator able to compete with Orange,
Vodafone, TIW and to provide easy access to international financing. The partner should bring affiliation to
a strong telecommunications group. The decrease in RomTelecom revenues could be compensated by
costs cuts, as a result of company’s restructuring, so an increase in company’s efficiency is expected.
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Fig. 7. Telephony users in Romania (millions)
18
16
Mobil
14
Fix
15.4
17.2
14.2
13.0
11.4
12
9.3
10
7.9
8
6
16.4
6.3
3.6
4.2
5.1
4
2
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
0
Source:
Report
“Romanian
European
(June
2004)
1997
1998
1999
2000 Telecommunications
2001 2002 2003 and
2004
2005 Integration”
2006 2007
2008
•
- National Association of Internet Services Providers – ANISP (www.anisp.ro)
A 3.1.2.1 – Broadband
•
Romania, a country rich in professional resources, is striving to build its Information Society. Romania's
ambitious eGovernment project has stimulated the use of the Internet, the creation of content and the
growth of broadband using a variety of technologies. Mobile service, with several competing technologies, is
growing far more quickly than fixed service. Romania is letting the market decide which technologies each
service will use, is eliminating market entry barriers and creating equal conditions for all operators to
compete.
In the last two years, Romania has made significant progress consolidating its Information Society. This can
be seen, as well, in an international context. Of the projects, for example, submitted for a competition for eGovernment awards, 33 of the 357 came from Romania and two of them were among the 65 projects
considered to be examples of European best practice. The selection of two Romanian projects is an
international acknowledgement that the projects deployed by Romania's society, using solutions based on
new technologies, are correct, work well and should be continued. The Romanian Government's projects
are important because they encourage the use of new technologies and encourage efficient use of already
available technologies. Online public information and services for citizens and companies has stimulated the
creation of digital content and motivated an increase in the number of communications service users. The
goal is to increase the usage of broadband in Romania and to become a regional leader in the promotion of
new technologies, particularly in those fields cited in the e-Europe+ Plan (administration, public services,
commerce).
Romania's new anti-corruption law was approved and put into effect in 2003. The law, among its many
measures, sets rules that insure the accessibility, on line, of all public information and creates the prospect
that complete governmental services, even complex one, will be made available on line. The law clearly
establishes the legal obligations of the central and local public administration authorities with regard to
providing functional systems that effectively allow all citizens to access public information and services beginning with the filling in of any of the many existing forms and then terminating by having them
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processed on line. This is what the “desk reform” announced by Romania's Prime Minister means; as a
result, any Romanian citizen will be able to access the Internet, from home, office or public facility and
interact fully with governmental agencies and administrative sectors. The initiative is meant to improve the
access to the information and services of public administration authorities and to simplify the bureaucratic
procedures by standardizing the procedures. This national electronic system follows the successful
implementation of the electronic system for public acquisitions, which prepared the ground for the continuing
digital transformation of Romanian society.
Because of the government's projects in this field, the demand for broadband electronic communications
services increased considerably in the past years, especially for Internet access. In order to supply
broadband communications services, the providers need access to the local loop, or leased line services,
between their points of presence and the end-user. For this reason, the regulation of access to the essential
facilities, among which the most important is the local loop, was given long and careful consideration.
Between 2001-2002, demand for Internet access services increased. There was, in particular, intense
development of both “cable Internet” and xDSL technologies. The state aimed to increase the offer
broadband Internet access services, to give the provider flexibility in his choice of support and technological
alternatives, and to give end-users a greater number of options with regard to quality, diversity and price.
The dramatic mutations of Romania’s telecom market during the last few years will ensure the successful
implementation of our Information Society. Following the dominant international trends, Romania has gone
digital. Romania has a 76% digitalisation rate. More than 3.2 million of its 4.2 million telephone lines are now
digital. This digitalisation gives subscribers the option to obtain ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
services, which provides simultaneous access to voice, video, text and data transmission.
Since the full liberalization of Romania's telecom market, over 1500 companies have announced their
intention to provide telecommunications services. VoIP (voice over IP) - especially for international calls using prepaid cards is one of the most popular services offered by the new operators. Since international
VoIP tariffs cost 40% less, the incumbents that benefited from the monopoly had to lower their prices to hold
its customers. Fostering competition proved, as always, a reliable recipe to decrease tariffs and increase the
quality of service.
Although full liberalization of the telecommunications market only took place took place on January 1, 2003,
the mobile telephony market, with four major companies, has been very competitive since 1997.
One company is offering services based on CDMA 2000 technology; it is the first integrated mobile voice
and high-speed data transmission service based on this technology in Europe.
By yearend, POSTelecom, a new operator using Chinese technology, will begin commercial operation using
SoftSwitch NGN technology for flexible and swift voice, data and value-added services.
CATV has gained importance in recent months as the big players try to consolidation their market positions
with new services packages combining TV access and the Internet. The CATV network is scheduled to
launch of the voice services in the autumn and other operators plan to roll out LMDS and DECT based
services. One mobile operator is already testing 3G terminals and EDGE is expected to be deployed shortly
to provide high-speed data on the GSM network. There are also plans to launch IP based Telephony. The
recent Universal Service Law defines how high quality, affordable, communications services are to be made
available to all citizens independent of their location.
WiFi, a technology that should develop rapidly in Romania, will provide wireless access to the Internet at our
airports, hotels and business centres. WiFi was used, for example, during the Pan-European Regional
Ministerial Conference on Information Society, in preparation for the World Summit on Information Society
(WSIS), November 2002, at the Palace of Parliament in Bucharest; delegations from the 55 member states
of the UN Economic Commission for Europe participated. WiFi, with its easy set up, portability, broadband
access and low cost, solves many access difficulties for Internet users on the go.
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Source: Building Romania's Information Society, Dan Nica (Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
Romania
•
Broadband is not only a faster way to connect to the Internet, it changes the way the Internet is used, as
information is able to be rapidly downloaded. As broadband is considered to be a necessary infrastructure
on which to base ICT applications, policy measures in eEurope 2005 include targets such as connecting
public administrations, schools and health care to broadband and removing obstacles to the deployment of
broadband networks. The ICT surveys measure broadband use in households and enterprises, shown
below.
Table: Proportion of households and enterprises with a broadband/ISDN connection using the Internet, 2004 (%)
Source: EUROSTAT
The ANRC believes that there were 382,783 broadband connections at the end of 2004, all of which were
provided by alternative operators, up from 196,106 a year earlier. However, the number of narrowband
connections also continues to grow strongly, rising from 313,202 in 2003 to 597,581 at the end of 2004;
thus, the number of broadband connections as a percentage of total Internet access connections is growing
only marginally.
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In addition to the 980,364 broadband and narrowband Internet access connections at the end of 2004,
there were 156,811 dedicated connections, growth of over 150% on a year earlier. In 2004, 57% of
dedicated connections were provided through coaxial cable connections.
The ANRC has not been able to determine the total number of Internet users in Romania. However, the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) claims that there were as many as four million regular
Internet users in the country at the end of 2003, up from 1.8 million at the end of 2002, 1.0 million at the
end of 2001, and 800,000 at the end of 2000. The National Association of Internet Service Providers
(ANISP - see section on Industry Associations) was unable to provide any data relating to the Romanian
Internet market for use in this report.
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Referring to Internet traffic, the ministry of telecommunications indicated that the Internet traffic increased
by three times y/y in Q1, 2004. The interconnection centre, RoNIX, announced that total traffic in 2003 was
88,873GB compared with 39,420GB in 2002. The mentioned dynamics underlines the increase in the
usage degree of Internet and its attractiveness on the local market. An important contribution to the
increase in Internet usage was the increase in the number of Romanian sites to 62,000 as of the end of
March 2004.
The data transmissions, Internet access and leased lines services represent approximately 1.6% of the
Romanian electronic communications market. The value of this market increased with 12% in 2003
compared to 2002.
ISPs are currently in a consolidation process. The national providers are private companies, the most
important of which, in December 2003, being: Equant Romania (previously named Global One
Communications Romania) Romania Data Systems (RDS), FX, Internet, TCM, PC Net, Kappa, Xnet,
Euroweb, Astral Telecom, EasyNet etc. It is estimated that the liberalization of the fixed telephony market,
the increase in mobile communication and cable networks will all contribute to the increase in the use of the
Internet on the short and medium term.
•
Address: 13, Al. I. Cuza - 200585 Craiova - Romania,
Phone: + 40251413844
Fax: +40251418803
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projects.
Phone: + 40214930195
Fax: +40214930267
technologies. They also offer continous education in Education Department and through their centres.
Phone: +40256403005
Fax: +40256403028
Website: www.utt.ro
4) NATIONAL INSTITUTE for COMMUNICATION RESEARCHES and STUDIES - INSCC
Development of studies and researches regarding: modernisation, digitalisation and development of
communication network (radio communications, radio diffusion, telephony, telegraphs, data transmissions).
Testing for authorisation and certifications of communications utilised products; expertise’s. Studies
regarding: frequency spectre administration and new telematic and diffusion services for the satellite
communications updating. Develops single and small series of equipment for telecommunication and
devices for postal mechanisms.
Contact person: Ion Stanciulescu, Mioara Sraer, Research group leader
Address: 6, Preciziei - 062203 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40213189571
Fax: +40213189575
Website: www.cnscc.ro/
5) ”Petru Maior” University
University “Petru Maior” delivers long and short term academic programs and has 16 research
departments.
Contact person: Klein Viorica, responsible of research management in the university
Address: 1, N. Iorga - 540 088 Targu Mures - Romania,
Phone: +40265211838
Fax: +40265262275
Website: www.uttgm.ro
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6) „Dunarea de Jos” University – Galati
The University of Galati consists of twelve faculties and two colleges with more than thirty departments.
Contact person: Luminita Moraru, Research Group Leader
Address: 47, Domneasca Str., 800008, Galati – Romania,
Phone: +40-236-413602
Fax: +40-236-461353
Website: http://www.rectorat.ugal.ro/
7)Land Forces Academy „Nicolae Balcescu” Sibiu
The "Nicolae Bãlcescu" Land Forces Military Academy is the main educational institution in the service,
founded in 1995 as a result of the armed forces reform in Romania, and in the whole military educational
system.
Contact person: Stefan Demeter – Professor
Address: 3, Revolutiei Str., 550189, Sibiu – Romania,
Phone: +40-269-432990
Fax: +40-269-215554
Website: www.actrus.ro
8) Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania
The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania (CCIR) is the strongest business environment
association in Romania, bringing together the whole network of 42 territorial chambers of commerce and
industry, as well as others bilateral chambers of commerce, some branch professional associations and
companies.
Contact person: Constantin Surdu – Business Information Analyst
Address: 2, Octavian Goga Blvd., 030982, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-722572108
Fax: +40-21-3190159
Website: http://www.ccir.ro
9) National Institute of Earth Physics
Contact person: Mircea Radulian – Scientific Director
Address: 12, Calugareni Str., 077125, Magurele – Bucuresti – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-4930118
Fax: +40-21-4930052
10) Technical University of Cluj - Data Processing and Security Research Centre
Nowadays the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca trains specialists in the technical field (mechanical,
electrical and civil engineering as well as architecture) through long and short term education programmes,
postgraduate and PhD studies. It has over 12,000 students. Scientific research has been an essential
preoccupation of the academic and research staff of the TUCN. The scientific potential of the University
made it capable of organizing a series of outstanding scientific events attended by a large number of
Romanian and foreign specialists. The practical results of the research activity are reflected in numerous
contracts and projects with domestic and international financing. The most important projects are those
with CNCSIS, ANSTI, and PNCDI as well as those financed by the European Union Commission:
EUREKA, COPERNICUS, COST, FP5 and FP6.
Contact person: Monica Elena Borda – Managing Director
Address: 15, C. Daicoviciu Str., 400020, Cluj-Napoca – Romania,
Phone: +40-246-401575
Fax: +40-246-101575
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Website: http://www.utcluj.ro
1) Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications – Faculty of Electronics and Telecomunication
and Engineering – Politehnica University of Timisoara
The Faculty provides specialized training of engineers and research in electronics and
telecommunications. The faculty has three departments: Applied Electronics,Telecommunications,
Measurements and Optical Electronics. The teaching is based on modern methods especially with respect
to practical activities. Special attention is paid to applied informatics. The faculty provides postgraduate
programs for specialists working in research, industry and education.
Contact person: Dr. Marius Otesteanu – Dean
Address: 2, Vasile Parvan Blvd., 300223, Timisoara – Romania,
Phone: +40-256-403291
Website: http://www.etc.utt.ro
1) DotCommerce LTD
Contact person: Madalin Matica, Director of European Operations
Address: 18 Juvara - 07000 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: + 40213150215
Fax: +40213150215
RTD provider
2) OnlineSolutions Media srl
OnlineSolutions provide consulting and comprehensive software solutions, WEB design, multimedia
applications, edit services.
Contact person: Dan Vizitiu, Managing director
Address: 27, Cristian Tell - 010383 Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
Website: www.onlinesolutions.ro
Supplier
3) Donna Maria srl
Donna Maria srl provides IT&C consultancy and research, top IT&C equipments and services, WEB
applications, scientific research & engineering in physics and electronics.
Contact person: Vlad Valeanu, Managing director
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
Website: www.donnamaria.ro
RTD user
4) UTI SYSTEMS
UTI cover the whole area of security and the related sectors.
By its four specialized divisions (Security Systems and Services, Information Technology and
Communications, Military Systems, Installations and Constructions), UTI provides turnkey solutions
designed for the entire range of civil and industrial sites.
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Contact person: Mihai Ianciu, Managing director
Address: 39, Filipescu - 020961 Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40212012330
Fax: +40212012330
Website: www.uti.ro
Manufacturer
5) S.C. Informatica S.A.
S.C. Informatica Oradea S.A. is member of BRIMEL Group. Over 30 years of activity S.C. Informatica
Oradea S.A. is the oldest and prestigious informatics based company from Bihor County. Its main activities
are: to realize, provide and implement of software programmes, accredited training and qualification in IT
and economic management domains, software and hardware consultancy, IT sales, etc.
The company is authorized, as “Training and Testing Centre”, by the National Council of Professional
Training for Adults (CNFPA), IT Training Centre of Bucharest (CPI-Bucharest), as well as by the ECDL
Romania.
In 2003, the company is rewarded with “Diploma of Excellency” for its remarkable results in IT training
domain, classify at national level to 4th place.
Contact person: Szel Alexandru, Researcher and engineer
Address: 1, Szigligeti Ede - 410008 Oradea – Romania
Phone: +40-259-239251
Fax: +40-259-231306
Website: http://www.informaticaoradea.ro
RTD provider
6) Euromed S.R.L.
Contact person: Romulus Dogaru, Chairman
Address: 9, Marasesti - 600018 Bacau – Romania
Phone: +40-234-543499
Fax: +40-234- 543449
RTD user
Supplier
Address: 9, Magheru Blvd. – 010323 Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40-21-3152042
Fax: +40-21-3152042
Supplier
8) PROCONS SRL
Contact person: Marius Gaitan – Director
Address: 18 Independentei Blvd., 810003, Braila – Romania
Phone: +40-239-612230
Fax: +40-239-619578
Supplier
9) Inthelrom Technology SRL
Contact person: Florin Gherghe – T&Software Development Responsible
Address: 27 Magura Vulturului Str., 021701, Bucharest-Romania
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Phone: +40-21-2501125
Fax: +40-21-2505384
Supplier
10) BITNET Research Centre on Sensors&Systems SRL - Cluj, Romania
Contact person: Octavian Cristea (Mr.), Director
Address: 6 Madach Imre, 400464, Cluj-Napoca – Romania,
Phone: +40-722-859286
Fax: +40-264-595040
Website: www.bitnet.info
Supplier
11) Active Power Solutions
Combining strategical visions, technical experience and a professional design in order to find the best
solutions, Active Power Solutions helps its clients define clearly their needs, and helps them implement the
chosen solutions.The company has started its activity as an IT consultancy firm. Our clients' needs have
extended our area of expertise to: software development, hardware solutions, CAD solutions,
communication strategies, document management.
Contact person: Elisabeta Chira – Manager Assistant
Address: 1, Mogososia Str., 400652, Cluj-Napoca – Romania,
Phone: +40-726-446382
Fax: +40-264-458054
Website: www.aps.ro
Supplier
12) Interglob LTD
Interglob's main
target
is
to
become
an
important
participant in the convergent
communications technology domain and to introduce the latest electronic communication services.
Interglob proposes to develop strategic alliances with the important international participants from the
electronic communication services industry.
Contact person: Anca Bieru – European Financiang Consultant
Address: 121, Dudesti Way, 031083, Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40-21-3206905
Fax: +40-21-3206905
Website: www.interglob.ro
Supplier
13) Radio Internet SRL
Contact Person: Darius Matiuta – Director
Address: 7, Motilor Str., 420091, Beius – Romania
Phone: +40-722-556168
Fax: +40-259-320567
Supplier
14) PRO SYS SRL
In 1995 was founded PRO SYS Hardware, and our target was, from the very begining, to became a well
known name on the market. In our begigning period we succeded in signing a partnership with Intel.
Contact person: Petrisor Barbieru – Managing Director
Address: 108, Pache Protopopescu Blvd., 021409, Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40-21-2524232
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Fax: +40-21-2524232
Supplier
15) vocaINET SRL
vocalNET is a new company in Romanian IT industry that offers its clients complete IT security services.
The technological environment's aggressiveness created the necesity to accomodate the security, stability
and scalability requirments for any company that relies, directly or indirectly, on the IT technology.
Contact person: Cristian Vasiliu – Managing Director
Address: 15, Drumul Taberei Str., 061416, Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40-788-401422
Fax: +40-21-7255117
Supplier
16) ONTIU ELECTRONIK
Contact person: Cristina Codrean – Marketing Director
Address: 1/43, G. Cosbuc Str., 430283, Baia Mare – Romania,
Phone: +40-262-211438
Fax: +40-262-227888
Supplier
17) MASS AGE MEDIA
MASS AGE MEDIA is a company that offers IT&C consultancy, it delivers full key solutions, service,
security solutions, data recovering and backup solutions.
Contact person: Nicolae Stanciu – Managing Director
Address: 22, Amiral Balescu Str., 011954, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-722-605560
Fax: +40-21-2309201
Website: www.massagemedia.ro
Supplier
Address: 2, Victoriei Plaza, 330085, Deva – Romania
Phone: +40-722-790605
Fax : +40-254-235115
Supplier
•
Government Policy
Broadband communications in Romania
Objective:-the development of communications broadband through:-projects/ pilot projects-wireless
broadband (Wi-Max) services-public-private partnership for the development of local loop
•2008–Lawregarding the access to broadband services to national level, having in mind the European
Commission interest to extend broadband services by creating a European legislative framework
3G –ThirdGeneration Mobile Telephony
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In Romania, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology issued two 3Glicenses-The first
3G services have been launched in April 2005-3G technology offers conditions for providing broadband
services-Two more 3G licenses to be issued by the end of this year
The evolution of Internet connections in Romania
(Source - Broadband implementation progress in Romania - Zsolt Nagy – Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology, 2005)
•
Broadband infrastructure – projects
-
-
City Net - Development of“Digital Cities”, basedon metropolitan network: municipality services,
residents, commercial services -12 cities –over 200.000 inhabitants
Pilotproject regarding the implementationof Power Line Communications (PLC) technology in
Romania Alternative of access to communications in rural areas, thus reducing the digital
devidebetween rural and urban areas.It creates solid premises for providing Universal Service to a
fixed point.
Knowledge Based Economy - Citizens’access to information in digital format. It reduces the
education differences in ITC to national level through Electronic Networksof Local Communities
(RECL). The networks will insure, through broadband connections, the access to information and
electronic services for the main institutions of those certain communities –the school, the city hall,
the library, etc.
Source - Broadband implementation progress in Romania - Zsolt Nagy – Ministry of Communications and Information
Technology, 2005
•
Telecommunications market value
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Source - Broadband implementation progress in Romania - Zsolt Nagy – Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology, 2005
Romanian ITC market value
Source - Broadband implementation progress in Romania - Zsolt Nagy – Ministry of Communications and Information
Technology, 2005
•
Final
• Trade and Industrial Associations
Romanian Association for Electronic and Software Industry – ARIES (www.aries.ro)
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A3.1.2.2 – Mobile & Wireless
•
The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; Relevant statistics and
economic indicators
The latest data provided by the telecom market regulator (ANRC) and the ministry of telecommunications
(MCTI) have indicated that the mobile telephony has outpaced the fixed wire telephony in terms of number
of users. The trend started in 2002 and has been sustained since then. As of Q1, 2004, the number of
mobile telephony users reached 7.45mn, significantly more than the number of fixed wire telephony users,
which stood at 4.33mn, as of the same date. Romania ranked 3rd in the CEE region in terms of mobile
telephony users.
The studies have revealed that the highest penetration degree of fixed wire telephony was registered in
Bucharest, followed by Sibiu county (26.12%), Timis county (24.94%), Brasov county (24.28%) and
Constanta county (23.70%). On the other hand, the lowest penetration degree of fixed wire telephony was
registered in Ilfov County (9.02%). In addition, the largest number of cities with no access to landline
services was registered in Vilcea County, followed by Hunedoara, Vaslui, Alba, Dolj, Suceava, Caras
Severin and Cluj counties.
Out of a total of 7.38mn households (as per data provided by the National Institute for Statistics), more than
half, 52.5%, use their own landline and one third, 33.3%, were using pre-paid cards for fixed wire
telephony. The mobile telephony was used by more than one third of the households (41.5%).
The telephony services are more developed in the urban areas and include more households (as many as
3.99mn). The percentage of households which hold a telephony line is higher in the urban area (82.8%),
than in the rural area (16.8%). As regards the mobile telephony, it is used by 68.7% of the households in
the urban area.
•
Address: 13, Al.I. CUZA - 200585 Craiova - Romania,
Phone: + 40251413844
Fax: +40251418803
projects.
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Phone: + 40214930195
Fax: +40214930267
Phone: +40256403005
Fax: +40256403028
Website: www.utt.ro
4) University of Agricoles Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara
The Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences in Timisoara has a didactic, research and consulting
mission. Its main task is to form specialists capable of getting rapidly integrated into the agricultural and
food system as well as into other connected systems, to be compatible in a competitive enviroment,
capable
of
adjusting,
open
to
innovation,
competitivity
and
change.
Each year new study programmes were adopted so that, at present, students may choose between 16
study programmes, 13 study programmes for postgraduated studies and 25 ones for doctoral studies.
Contact person: Corina Georgeta BARNA (International Relations Secretary)
Address: Timisoara - Romania,
Phone: +40256277060
Fax: +40256200296
Website: www.usab-tm.ro
Phone: +40213189571
Fax: +40213189575
Website: www.inscc.ro
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Contact person: Cristian Marius Toma, Director of National and European Programme’s Department
Phone: +40232264670
Fax: +40232264670
7) Land Forces Academy „Nicolae Balcescu” Sibiu
The "Nicolae Bãlcescu" Land Forces Military Academy is the main educational institution in the service,
founded in 1995 as a result of the armed forces reform in Romania, and in the whole military educational
system.
Contact person: Stefan Demeter – Professor
Address: 3, Revolutiei Str., 550189, Sibiu – Romania
Phone: +40-269-432990
Fax: +40-269-215554
Website: www.actrus.ro
8) Valahia University of Targoviste
At present VALAHIA University of Targoviste now comprises 8 faculties (long-term courses of 3 or 4 years),
3 university colleges (short-term 3 - year courses), 40 university specialisations, 6 departements (including
the University VALAHIA of Targoviste library), postgraduate courses (Master's degree courses), teacher
training courses and distance learning courses.
Contact person: Calin Oros – Rector
Address: 2, Regele Carol I Blvd., 130024, Targoviste – Romania
Phone/Fax: +40-245-213382
companies.
Address: 2, Octavian Goga Blvd., 030982, Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40-722572108
Fax: +40-21-3190159
Website: http://www.ccir.ro
10) International Multimedia Institut
International Multimedia Institut is a center of IT professional training competences and multimedia web
services. Its entire development is based on innovative politics made to fulfillthe needs of a modern society.
It contributes to the challenging economical and intellectual life of Hunedoara County, as well to upraise
this experience all over the country.
Contact person: Daniela Mihet – Managing Director
Phone: +40-254-206211
Fax: +40-254-206210
Website: http://www.iim.ro
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Universities.
Phone: +40-232-212324
Fax: +40-232-211667
Phone: +40-256-403291
Fax: +40 256 403295
2) Technical Science Department – Land Forces Academy Sibiu
Contact person: Prof. Ghita Barsan – Research Group Leader
Phone: +40-269-432990
Fax: +40-269-436362
1) DotCommerce LTD
Phone: + 40213150215
Fax: +40213150215
Website: http://www.procesor.ro
RTD provider
ONLINESOLUTIONS provide consulting and comprehensive software solutions, WEB design, multimedia
applications and editing services.
Address: 27, Cristian Tell - 010383 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
RTD provider
3) IP Devel
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Phone: +40-724567470
Fax: +40212127030
RTD user
4) Alfa Global Solutions
AGS was founded in 1997 and is headquartered in Cluj-Napoca. AGS offers IT software services
specialized in development, testing and technical support. We know that for our partners and clients,
success means: lower costs, outstanding services and excellent solutions. Therefore we are here with the
best offshore outsourcing experiences.
Contact person: Oana Bunau, Marketing Assistant
Address: 134, Calea Turzii - 400501 Cluj-Napoca - Romania,
Phone: +40264429026
Fax: +40264429027
Website: www.ags.ro
Supplier
5) WSA Pacific GeoTech IT Services SRL
Contact person: Anton Lang, Managing director
Address: 13, Str. 13 Decembrie - 500173 Brasov - Romania,
Phone: +40368401390
Fax: +40368401391
Website: www.pacificgeotech.com / www.fuelplus.de
RTD provider
6) METROUL SA
Metroul SA is a design & consultancy company. The services offered are design, research and engineering
and consultancy for construction investment projects.
Due to its numerous specialists and its scope of activities, Metroul has been co-opted as a member in
numerous Romanian and international associations, as follows: International Association of Public
Transport - associated member class I since May 1996; Cooperation for the Continuing Development of
Urban and Suburban Tranportation - member in the 3rd college since April 1999; International Tunnelling
Association - affiliated through the Romanian Tunnelling Association.
Contact person: Bogdan Spiridon, Business Development Manager
Address: 3, Gutenberg - 050027 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40213157784
Fax: +40213124335
Website: www.metroul.ro
RTD provider, RTD user
7) Donna Maria srl
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DONNA MARIA provides IT&C consultancy and research, top IT&C equipments and services, WEB
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
RTD user
8) UTI SYSTEMS
Address: 39, Filipescu - 020961 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40212012330
Fax: +40212012330
Website: www.uti.ro
Manufacturer
9) Euromed S.R.L.
Address: 9, Marasesti - 600018 Bacau – Romania,
Phone: +40-234-543499
Fax: +40-234- 543449
RTD user
Supplier
Phone: +40-21-3152042
Fax: +40-21-3152042
Supplier
Phone: +40-744-756005
Fax: +40-21-3157478
RTD provider
12) PROCONS SRL
Address: 18 Independentei Blvd., 810003, Braila – Romania,
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Phone: +40-239-612230
Fax: +40-239-619578
RTD provider
Address: 27 Magura Vulturului Str., 021701, Bucharest-Romania,
Phone: +40-21-2501125
Fax: +40-21-2505384
Supplier
14) BITNET Research Centre on Sensors&Systems SRL - Cluj, Romania
Contact person: Octavian Cristea, Director
Address: 6 Madach Imre, 400464, Cluj-Napoca – Romania
Phone: +40-722-859286
Fax: +40-264-595040,
Website: www.bitnet.info
RTD provider
15) TOPEX Public Switching SA
TOPEX is a group of Romanian companies, founded in 1990, by ten enthusiastic engineers experienced in
telecommunications. Its activity is directed to the research, development and production of telecom
equipment as well as service. Very quickly, TOPEX become the most important manufacturer of
communications solutions for small to large companies as well as for telecommunications operators and
providers in Romania. The company designs equipment for all existing mobile systems (GSM, CDMA),
including 3G technology. TOPEX is represented all over Romania by a wide network of local distributors
through which the promotion, administration and product maintenance are running.
Contact person: Gabriel Ionescu – Deputy General Director
Adress: 10, Feleacu Str., 014186, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-2320424
Fax: +40-21-2323156
Website: www.topex.ro
Manufacturer, Supplier
chosen solutions.The company has started its activity as an IT consultancy firm. Areas of expertise:
software development, hardware solutions, CAD solutions, communication strategies, document
management.
Address: 1, Mogososia Str., 400652, Cluj-Napoca – Romania,
Phone: +40-726-446382
Fax: +40-264-458054
Website : www.aps.ro
Supplier
17) Interglob LTD
Interglob's main
target
is
to
become
an
important
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Address: 121, Dudesti Way, 031083, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-3206905
Fax: +40-21-3206905
Supplier
18) Radio Internet SRL
Contact Person: Darius Matiuta – Director
Address: 7, Motilor Str., 420091, Beius – Romania,
Phone: +40-722-556168
Fax: +40-259-320567
Supplier
Phone: +40-262-211438
Fax: +40-262-227888
Supplier
20) MASS AGE MEDIA
MASS AGE MEDIA is a company that offers IT&C consultancy; it delivers full key solutions, service,
security solutions, data recovering and backup solutions.
Contact person: Nicolae Stanciu – Managing Director
Address: 22, Amiral Balescu Str., 011954, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-722-605560
Fax: +40-21-2309201
Website: www.massagemedia.ro
Supplier
21) DaSoft SRL
The firm was founded at the end of 1995, beginning it’s activity immediately. It focused especially on IT
activities.
Contact person: Daniel Dirlau – Director
Address: 135, Calea lui Traian Str., 240000, RamnicuValcea – Romania,
Phone: +40-250-733960
Fax: +40-250-733960
Website: www.dasoft.ro
Supplier
Phone: +40-722-790605
Fax: +40-254-235115
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Supplier
23) FV Agency
FV Agency is a software development company that offers a vast array of services from simple logo design
to sophisticated web site development and e-commerce solutions.
Contact person: Adrian Sofronie – Managing Director
Address: 18, Cugir Str., 300637, Timisoara – Romania,
Phone: +40-745-610212
Fax: +40-256-462689
Website: www.fv.ro
Supplier
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
Romanian Association for Information Technology & Communication – ATIC www.atic.org.ro
A3.1.2.3 – NW Test beds
No available data
A3.1.3 – Embedded systems, computing and control
To strengthen capabilities to design and build computing and communication systems that are embedded
in objects and artefacts and that can control and adapt to the constraints imposed by their physical
environments.
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
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Phone: +40254546112
Fax: +40254543491
Phone: +40256403005
Fax: +40256403028
Website: www.utt.ro
Phone: +40258806270
Fax: +40258806260
Website: www.uab.ro
Phone: +40232264670
Fax: +40232264670
5) University of Pitesti, Faculty of Electronics and Electromechanics
The University of Pitesti is a young, dynamic, modern and flexible institution of high education.
It offers large educational possibilities to the young people from Romania and from other regions in the
world. The priorities of the University of Pitesti are directed towards the development of a high quality
scientific research activity, the training of the young people as future high specialists, able to find a proper
job in the Romanian and European labor market, which becomes more and more saturated and
demanding.
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Contact person: Silviu Ionita – Scientific Director
Address: 1, Targu din Vale Str., 110040, Pitesti – Romania,
Phone: +40-248-222949
Fax: +40-248-216448
Website: www.upit.ro
Universities.
Phone: +40-232-212324
Fax: 0040-232-211667
7) Institute for Computer Science Iasi
The Institute is involved as a co-organiser of European Conference on Intelligent Systems and
Technologies" (ECIT). In 1990-1996 it organised a number of 5 international conferences and symposiums.
In 2002-2004 the institute participated as principal contractor for 2 European Projects on FP5 JENET (Joint
European Network on Internet Embedded Technologies - IST 2000 28422 - www.eurojenet.com) si INES
(Industrial Embedded Systems - IST 2001 32316 - www.euroines.com).
Contact person: Dan Galea – Director
Address: 8, Carol I Blvd., 700505, Iasi – Romania,
Phone: +40-722-701605
Fax: +40-232-211150
Website: http://www.iit.tuiasi.ro
Phone/Fax: +40-254-542580
2) Faculty of Automatics, Computers and Electronics – University of Craiova
Faculty of Automatics, Computers and Electronics has academical collaborative relations with many
Universities and Research Institutes inside and outside Roomania’s borders. This made possible activities
aiming teaching plans actualising, modernising the labs. Every year, more than 20 students obtain
scolarships at Universities in Germany, France, Greece, Portugal, Italy, USA, Holland, Belgium.
Contact person: Dr. Mircea Ilie Mihaiu - Scientific Director
Address: 107, Decebal Blvd., 200440, Craiova – Romania,
Phone: +40-251-435724
Fax: +40-251-438198
http://ace.ucv.ro
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Phone: +40-256-403291
Fax: +40256403295
4) Automatisation Equipment – Centre of Metal Forming – Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
Contact Person: Prof. Bogdan Laurean
Address: 4, Emil Cioran, 550025, Sibiu – Romania,
Phone: +40-269-217871
Fax: +40-269-217871
5) Electronics and Telecomunications - Faculty of Electronics nad Telecommunication Engineering
– Politehnica University of Timisoara
Contact person: Mircea Ciugudean – Research Group Leader
Address: 2, Vasile Parvan Str., 302223, Timisoara – Romania,
Phone: +40-256-403335
Fax: +40-256-403333
1) EDCG INFORMATICA SRL
EDCG-Informatica is an IT services company that provides consulting and comprehensive software
solutions to foreign and Romanian companies. Their services include: software development; outsourcing;
personnel delegation; subcontracting; software distribution and maintenance.
Contact person: Costin Mihai, Managing director
Address: 121, Tepes Voda - 021524 Bucuresti - Romania,
Phone: + 40212555731
Fax: +40212555732
Website: www.edcgi.ro
Supplier
2) DotCommerce LTD
Phone: + 40213150215
Fax: +40213150215
Supplier
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Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
RTD provider, RTD user, Manufacturer
4) SC. ELECTROMAGNETICA SA.
ELECTROMAGNETICA offers a package of integrated products and services in the electric field as:
electronic meters, centralized system for remote meter reading and management of residential electric
consumptions, electricity supply services for eligible consumers, software and hardware services of
collection, processing and transmission of records concerning the industrial electric power consumptions.
Contact person: Stanca Octavian, Researcher / engineer
Address: 266, Calea Rahovei - 050912 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40214042113
Fax: +40214042190
Website: www.electromagnetica.ro
Manufacturer
devices, physical protection systems, piezoceramic transducers)
Phone: + 40214574498
Fax: +40214574204
Manufacturer
6) Donna Maria srl
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
7) UTI SYSTEMS
UTI cover the whole area of security and the related sectors. By its four specialized divisions (Security
Systems and Services, Information Technology and Communications, Military Systems, Installations and
Constructions), UTI provides turnkey solutions designed for the entire range of civil and industrial sites.
Phone: +40212012330
Fax: +40212012330
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Website: www.uti.ro
Manufacturer
Romania.
Contact person: Szel Alexandru, Researcher, engineer
Address: 1, Szigligeti Ede - 410008 Oradea - Romania,
Phone: +40-259-239251
Fax: +40-259-231306
Website: http://www.informaticaoradea.ro
RTD provider, Manufacturer
9) Euromed S.R.L.
Address: 9, Marasesti - 600018 Bacau – Romania,
Phone: +40-234-543499
Fax: +40-234- 543449
RTD user
Supplier
Phone: +40-21-3152042
Fax: +40-21-3152042
Supplier
11) PROCONS SRL
Address: 18 Independentei Blvd., 810003, Braila – Romania
Phone: +40-239-612230
Fax: +40-239-619578
RTD provider
12) Asymetrix SRL
Contact person: Mihai Horea – Chairman
Address: 1 Ostasilor Str., 400402, Cluj-Napoca – Romania
Phone: +40-744-399418
Fax: +40-264-416992
RTD provider
Supplier
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13) Soft Powers SRL
Contact person: Gabriela Paun – Director
Addess: 3 Penes Curcanu Str., 300123, Timisoara – Romania
Phone: +40-256-406120
Fax: +40-256-406120,
Website: http://www.softpowers.ro
Supplier
14) TOPEX Public Switching SA
TOPEX is a group of Romanian companies, founded in 1990, by ten enthusiastic engineers experienced in
telecommunications. Its activity is directed to the research, development and production of telecom
equipment as well as service.
Very quickly, TOPEX become the most important manufacturer of communications solutions for small to
large companies as well as for telecommunications operators and providers in Romania. Our company
designs equipment for all existing mobile systems (GSM, CDMA), including 3G technology.
TOPEX is represented all over Romania by a wide network of local distributors through which the
promotion, administration and product maintenance are running.
Contact person: Gabriel Ionescu – Deputy General Director
Adress: 10, Feleacu Str., 014186, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-2320424
Fax: +40-21-2323156
Website: www.topex.ro
15) Interglob LTD
Interglob's main
target
is
to
become
an
important
Phone: +40-21-3206905
Fax: +40-21-3206905
Webmail: www.interglob.ro
Supplier
16) PRO SYS SRL
Address: 108, Pache Protopopescu Blvd., 021409, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-2524232
Fax: +40-21-2524232
Supplier
17) vocaINET SRL
vocalNET is a new company in Romanian IT industry that offers its clients complete IT security services.
Contact person: Cristian Vasiliu – Managing Director
Address: 15, Drumul Taberei Str., 061416, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-788-401422
Fax: +40-21-7255117
Website: www.vocalnet.ro
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Supplier
Phone: +40-262-211438
Fax: +40-262-227888
Supplier
19) Western Service LTD
Western Service SRL is a private company, with exclusive Romanian capital, whose objective is to provide
to customers and partner companies services at western standards, putting above all the provision of those
services and products that fully comply with the customers´ needs and add up to their professionalism,
image and profitability.
Contact person: Gabriel Saftescu
Adress: 225, Oltenitei Way, 041309, Bucharest-Romania,
Phone: +40-21-3321556
Fax: +40-21-3321557
Website: www.westernserv.com
Supplier
Phone: +40-722-790605
Fax: +40-254-235115
Supplier
Other Key players
1) ICI – National Institute for R&D in Informatics, Bucharest, Romania
RTD regarding information technologies: software instruments (artificial data base intelligence, computer
networks and data base processing, mathematics modulation); information systems for management
administration, economical balance, complex information systems architecture, integrated methods and
technologies for information systems development; complex information systems security; methods and
techniques for management and marketing assistance; assisted engineering on computer of the non
industrial systems; industrial informatics (designing and assisted engineering by computer, CAD/CAE,
process planning computer assisted, assisted computer fabrication CAP, quality assisted control by the
computer CAO, integrated production systems by the computer CIM).
General Manager: Doina BANCIU
Address: Bd. Mareşal Averescu, nr 8 – 10, Bucharest, Romania, Zip code 71316
Tel: +4021 222 3778; +4021 665 6060; +4021 230 0824; +4021 665 2660
Fax: +4021 223 3060; +4021 224 1030; +4021 312 8569
Website: www.ici.ro
•
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CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR COMPLEX REAL TIME SYSTEMS
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Real time system is a domain by which communities seek economic development approaches that also
benefit the local environment and quality of life. It has become an important guide to many communities
that have discovered that traditional approaches to planning and development are creating, rather than
solving, societal and environmental problems. Where traditional approaches can lead to congestion,
sprawl, pollution and resource overconsumption, real time systems domain offers real, lasting solutions that
will strengthen our future.
Real time systems domain provides a framework under which communities can use resources efficiently,
create efficient infrastructures, protect and enhance quality of life, and create new businesses to strengthen
their economies.
The Center of Excellence for Complex Real Time Systems (CESCTR) was established in 2000 to promote
excellence in development of new distributed systems for real time monitoring and diagnosis, using tools
for industrial environments.
>From the beginning, the CESCTR has engaged in a variety of initiatives beginning with the Real Time
Systems Laboratory activities as :
- New architectures and structures for distributed process control systems based on use of process
control intelligent equipment
- Communication protocols
- Development of new distributed systems for real time monitoring and diagnosis, using tools for industrial
environments
- Develop client/server architecture
- Buildings automation and Intelligent Building
- Develop a generator of real-time applications capable of integrating the Matlab, dSPACE and VXWORKS
environments
The CESCTR has continued to develop and expand upon the mission in order to be involved in :
e-commerce
e-government
e-learning
- Objectives
The main objectives covered basic and applied researches, technology transfer and applied systems
development in the field of industrial environment, e-commerce, e-learning, e-government.
- Expertize:
- Real-time applications
- Computer-aided design of automatic systems and associated techniques
- Hierarchical intelligent control
- Training for operating systems, databases, programming languages
- Object-oriented databases
- High -level interfaces to relational databases
- Distributed and heterogeneous databases analysis, design and integration techniques
- Ecological Systems and Environment Protection
- Information Systems and Real Estate Publicity
- Data Security Systems
- Information Systems for Small and Medium Enterprises
- Distance Learning
- Public Administration
- New architectures and structures for distributed process control systems based on use of process
control intelligent equipment
- Communication protocols
- Development of new distributed systems for real time monitoring and diagnosis, using tools for industrial
environments
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- Develop client/server architecture
- Buildings automation and Intelligent Building
- Develop a generator of real-time applications capable of integrating the Matlab, dSPACE and VXWORKS
environments
- Take over new adjustment methods for non-linear systems, dead time systems, adaptive and optimal
systems
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
Romanian Association for Electronic and Software Industry – ARIES (www.aries.ro)
A 3.1.4 – Software, Grids, trust and dependability
To strengthen capabilities to develop and manage dynamic, adaptive and trusted knowledge-intensive
software and services and their provision as a utility.
•
At first sight, an export-oriented strategy seems highly attractive. Romania has been successfully exporting
software and has the advantages of a cheap and skilled workforce, virtually all of whom speak at least one
foreign language. Software exports have also brought a number of developmental benefits. However, there
are serious barriers that will constrain Romania's ability to become a major player in software exports. The
barriers include:
• Lack of infrastructure. The software export trade increasingly demands a sizeable installed computer
base; reliable and pervasive telecommunications links both domestically and internationally; and reliable
electricity supply. Romania cannot yet claim to provide this except, perhaps, in parts of Bucharest.
• Lack of market information. Exports are based on understanding your export market and having trading
contacts in that market. Such information is not readily available within Romania.
• Domestic market limitations. The present state of Romania's domestic market for
software constrains exports in two ways. First, a sizeable and demanding domestic market can be the
springboard from which to launch into exports by providing a base of relevant skills, experience, user
feedback on products, and track record. Second, a sizeable domestic market will draw large numbers of IT
multinationals into collaborative relationships with local partners in order to serve that market.
Unfortunately, Romania's domestic market cannot yet be described as either sizeable or demanding.
• The business environment. There are still a number of factors within the business environment that
make exports difficult in some way or which put off potential clients. These include regulatory barriers,
legislative deficiencies, and problems of arranging finance and financial transactions, and perceptions of
Romania's political context.
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• Being a late-comer. A number of developing countries – such as India and Singapore – arrived on the
export scene many years ago. So, too, some of the other transitional economies – particularly Hungary and
Russia – have been software export bases since the early 1990s. These countries have already built up
contacts, policies, infrastructure, working methods, track records, etc. that Romania is yet to develop
•
The computer software sector in Romania is vibrant, employing about 25,000 skilled software
professionals. The industry is delivering software and services worth about US$150 million per annum,
which is expected to increase to US$200 million in 2001. There are a couple of large companies
employing about 400 employees and many small companies. But as a rule, a very large number of oneand two-person software firms with low turnover typify the market. These are often set up by IT
professionals who have left R&D institutions, or by recent IT graduates.
The Romanian language and the specific requirements of Romanian legal, government and business
practices have enabled the industry to develop local solutions or adapt standard software packages to
meet the demand. The work of the smaller companies is related to:
• Custom-built software for SMEs and the SoHo segment.
• Through customizing existing software packages for SMEs and SoHo (building databases and
spreadsheets, using application programming languages like Visual Basic, and/or adding a Romanian
interface to the package),
• Trading imported software packages.
Larger Romanian companies offer services in all typical software development processes, including
consulting, modelling, development, implementation, integration, testing, re-engineering and maintenance;
web-based applications and tools; e-commerce / e-business applications; design, development and
deployment of distributed architecture applications; custom XML application development; and SM/SGM
standard implementation. These companies concentrate on the major segment of software product
development, IT services and IT-enabled services. Box 3 details the software products developed,
services offered and IT-enabled services
Table: Software products developed, services offered and IT-enabled services in Romania
Products
IT services
IT enabled services
On line web reporting
Web enabling legacy
B2b electronics
Offshore data processing
systems
transactions;
Call centre applications
AVX Virus Scanner,
E-commerce / extended
Web site maintenance
AVX System Security etc.
enterprise applications
Content creation
RAV Anti virus,
Standards based
GeCAD Fast Commander
application integration
BitDefender
Secondment of IT
PRAXIS – Legal Electronic
professionals
Advocate;
Software development
LITERATURE –
projects across the
Bibliography of Romanian
industry spectrum
Literature
Source: Romanian Association for Electronic and Software Industries, 2001
The software industry in Romania is poised for exponential growth as many large corporations are
considering Romania as their offshore software development base. Microsoft, Cisco, Motorola, Ericsson
etc. are a few large corporations, which have established their subsidiaries in Romania to take advantage
of the low cost skilled software professionals. A success story of developing software is Siveco, a software
company in Romania.
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Another example of success in the software segment is Softwin Consulting Inc., that has emerged as a
leading software service and product company operating in Sweden, the United Kingdom, the USA,
France, Finland, Germany and many other countries. Their success has been in developing cutting-edge
technology products, managing technology and co-operation with leading players overseas.
Both the SIVECO and Softwin models could be replicated for developing Romania into an attractive
software development and services base.
Software companies such as Microsoft, Novell, SCO Unix and Oracle are all represented in Romania.
They utilize the services of local firms, as well as authorized resellers and distributors, for marketing and
application development based on their standard software. The local companies develop applications using
the standard packages to meet the requirements of their customers. Localization and content creation are
the main service areas for the local companies.
“Country Export Potential Profile: Romania – Information Technology” published by the International Trade
Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) as a contribution to the national business roundtable on “International Market
Prospects for Information and Communications Technology Industry from Romania” organized on 8-9
March 2002.
GRID Initiative in National Centre for Information Technology
“Politehnica” University of Bucharest and its National Center for Information Technology is one of the
most active factors in establishing a national "technical and scientific culture" on the subjects related to
parallel and distributed computing. The curricula for short time education related to Parallel and Distributed
computing was established and many course support materials have been produced.
Despite the important results obtained in the domain of parallel and distributed computing by Romanian
research and education, very few steps were realised to develop the necessary infrastructure to support
these activities.
In 1997, the National Commission for Academic Scientific Research had the initiative to use World Bank
funds in order to finance some multi-user research bases (BCUM). The aim of this initiative was to enhance
the support for advanced research in key research areas for the future development of Romania and the
implication of MSc and PhD students in this research. Under BCUM was financed CoLaborator, a multipurpose virtual laboratory that supports the education and research in the area of High Performance
Computing (HPC).
A very important service offered by CoLaborator is the easy access to the HPC server. Its integration in the
RoEduNet network makes the resource available to a large number of users, geographically distributed all
over the country. From their local desktop facilities, all users can submit jobs to be run on the HPC server
and all can get back the results.
•
Key players
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Tel: +4021 222 3778; +4021 665 6060; +4021 230 0824; +4021 665 2660
Fax: +4021 223 3060; +4021 224 1030; +4021 312 8569
Website: www.ici.ro
2) NEW ELECTRONIC ARHITECTURES CENTER – Bucharest
Researches regarding: parallel architecture with minimum granulation, interconnecting networks hypercube
type and neural networks, dual risk processor and lambada architecture, grid systems.
Honorary Manager: PHD Gheorghe ŞTEFAN
Address: Bd. Iuliu Maniu nr. 1-3, Bucharest, Romania, Zip code 77202
Phone: +401 410 5400 / 314
3) Institute for Computers - ITC S.A. - Bucharest
“SOFTWARE“ ITC S.A.- Bucharest
R&D regarding IT technologies (multimedia interactive technologies, open systems and etherogen
networks, internet technologies, software engineering, geographical data bases, integrated enterprises
management, ID cards and sensorial systems, information medicine). Fundamental research regarding
artificial intelligence, TIC services (software development, CD – ROM titles, multimedia presentation
applications, internet services, ID cards systems and services, economic application development).
General Manager: Matematician Lucia POPESCU
Phone:: +401 232 19 80; +401 232 03 40; +401 232 00 40
Fax: +401 230 52 12
Website: www.itc.ro
4) ALCATEL ROMANIA - The Software Development Center
ALCATEL ROMANIA, subsidiary of Alcatel Group, is one of the first direct investments in the Hi-Tech
industry in Romania. The company started off in 1991, and in the long run were made investments worth
more than 100 MEURO. Alcatel Romania employs now approximately 1000 people, 90% of them with
university degrees. The company exports 40% of its turnover (development of telecommunications
software, telecommunications engineering, dedicated services for telecommunications, electronic
equipments for telecommunications and IT), about 60 MEURO.
The Software Development Center (which employs 450 software engineers) develops solutions for the
entire Alcatel Group, and it is one of the largest software development group activating actually in
Romania. The software developed in Romania is included in Alcatel products sold worldwide. Alcatel
Romania supplies equipments and services for Romanian companies such as RomTelecom, Orange
Romania, CN CFR, Transelectrica, RCS, Atlas Telecom, Metrou etc, but also for clients in Balkan Region,
like Mobil Tel (Bulgaria), Voxtel and Mold Telecom (Moldavia) and other operators from Kosovo,
Macedonia, Serbia. Romanian engineers are also involved in telecommunications projects in more than 70
countries allover the world.
Address: Str. Gh. Lazar Nr. 9, Timisoara
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5) SIVECO Romania SA
It is one of the most important producer and software integrators of ERP, eLearning, eHealth, eBusiness,
eGovernment global solutions and turnkey projects from Romania.
Siveco (Romania), began operations in 1992 and employs around 50 people. It is a joint venture between
a group of Romanian businessmen and Siveco (France). Activities include custom-building, customization,
conversion work, design and development, QA and QC maintenance and training in line whole line of
products implemented by the SIVECO group world wide. SIVECO ROMANIA SA
ROMANIA, BUCHAREST, 011455, 8-10, Maresal Averescu Bd.,
Phone: +40 (21) 224 25 31, 224 25 77
Fax: +40 (21) 224 41 08
Website: www.siveco.ro
6) Kepler-Rominfo (Software Development and Services)
Kepler-Rominfo is a French-Romanian IT company providing development and services within more
than 30 countries across 5 continents.
Kepler-Rominfo brings to its clients the most efficient combination of offshore and on site services in order
to reach the best quality / price level, at the right moment and place.
With a 25% yearly increase of the turnover since its creation, Kepler-Rominfo has reached today a number
of more than 300 high-level software consultants, able to satisfy a large area of technical and functional
needs.
Genovel Iovu
Bucharest, Bd. Dimitrie Pompei nr. 3, 020335, District 2
Phone: + 4021 233 10 80
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.kepler.ro
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
The future in software seems somewhat brighter and offers greater opportunities for the country. Compared
to hardware, Romania has built up and retained a greater depth and volume of software production
capabilities. Development of new capabilities is also easier since software has much lower entry barriers
than hardware production because it is less capital-intensive, more labor-intensive, with a lower rate of
obsolescence, and (at least for certain types of software) it has far fewer economies of scale. All of these
factors work in Romania's favor given its particular macroeconomic circumstances. In addition, software
has long been forming an increasing component of overall value within information technologies and has
become the "lifeblood" of business, industry, and government.
•
- Employers’ Association of the Software and Services Industry – ANIS www.anis.ro
- Romanian Association for Electronic and Software Industry – ARIES www.aries.ro
- Romanian Association for Information Technology & Communication – ATIC www.atic.org.ro
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A3.1.4.1 – Software & Services
•
Romania’s competitive advantage in software is its highly qualified, cost-effective human resources. These
specialists have a high level of mobility and are willing to relocate within Romania, which ensures human
capital will be available for IT development across the country.
High mobility is also a double-edged sword, as recent IT graduates often choose to work abroad. While
there is a significant “brain drain” of IT specialists, there may be ways to stem the flow. Last year the
number of IT specialists emigrating declined due to the worldwide decline in ‘.com’ business. Also, the
government tax concessions for software programmers may decrease the wage differential between
Romania and Western Europe, enticing more IT professional to stay in the country.
To maintain and enhance its human capital advantage, Romania needs to tackle two key issues:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Train over 200,000 highly qualified employees in software and related areas as a matter of urgency.
Ensure that the workforce has the right mix of technical, business and functional skills to meet the
challenges of business and customers.
21,000 employees in Software and Services Industry (2003)
50,000 IT professionals in other sectors (industry, finance, administration)
6,000 new university graduates with IT profile every year
IT professionals / 1000 inh.
Net salaries from 300 to 1500 USD / month
Fluctuation rate 5-10%
Emigration / brain drain - decreasing
The Romanian software and IT services industry is centred on Bucharest, where more than 60% of the
total turnover is made
The most important exporters are IBM Romania, KEPLER, RDS, ITC NETWORKS, SIVECO, SOFTWIN,
FINSIEL, DEUROMEDIA and the software department of ALCATEL ROMANIA, SIEMENS AUTOMOTIVE
ROMANIA, MOTOROLA, UBI SOFT.
The Romanian IT market will increase by 12% in 2005 compared with last year, according to officials from
US software giant Microsoft, who quoted data from a recent survey by researcher IDC. The same survey
shows that the software market will double in size by 2008.
The Romanian software market was worth 84 million dollars last year (68 million euros at the average
annual exchange rate), and will amount to 134 million dollars (103.7 million euros) by 2008, says IDC. It is
expected to reach 95 million dollars (73 million euros) in 2005.
Growth of the software market will also lead to an increase in the number of jobs in this sector, Microsoft
officials say. Software specialists will account for around 43% of total IT sector employees in Romania in
2008.
Softwin Software Solutions Company calculated that spam causes annual damages of USD 269mn to the
Internet users in Romania. That estimate takes into account the fact that there are 3.13mn Internet users
currently (according to data provided by the ministry of telecommunications). In addition, an international
study indicated that the damages per user amount to USD 86 for 2004. Then the resulting total damage is
USD 269mn per year. The same international study indicated that the unsolicited electronic messages
represent half of all emails received by a company.
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•
The number of Romanian companies which carry on activities in the software domain was, at the end of
the year 2003 (according to ARIES estimation) of about 6.500, 95 % of them being companies of small
and very small dimensions.
Still, the medium and large companies have a significant weight in the total turnover of the sector, of over
30 %. In comparison to the year 2002, the total number of companies rose by more then 1.000 new
companies, the vast majority from them being named by the Romanian legislation as “micro-enterprises”
(companies with less then 10 employees and with an annual turnover of less than 100.00 Euros).
The cause of this growth is linked to the modifications of the Romanian legislation in the latest years,
which provide significant fiscal facilities for this type of companies (their income tax is only of 1.5 % from
their turnover and they don’t have tax for their profit in that period of time. We have to say that in Romania
the profit tax applied to all the other companies is 25 %).
According to the Romanian legislation, the branch “Informatics and related activities – Division CAEN 72”
includes activities of consultancy in the hardware products domain, consultancy and providing of software
products, data processing, database linked activities, maintenance and repairing of computers and other
electronic bureau devices.
There are over 8.100 ITC companies with over 86.000 employees. Mainly due to the favourable tax system
for very small companies (profits tax of 25% is replaced with an income tax of 1.5%) their number has
increased representing 92% of the total number of companies in the sector. However their contribution is
less than 10% of the sector turnover.
After the severe reduction suffered after 1989, the hardware industry in Romania managed to restructure
through the presence in the market of new producers, which are currently dealing mainly with the assembly
of equipment imported from Asia. Foreign companies have an active presence, with approximately 50% of
the market share.
The software industry had a remarkable development. There are over 4800 companies, which state
software development as main activity.
The IT&C sector has an important contribution to the national economy as its contribution to the turnover of
all businesses exceeds 4% and 7.6% to their profit, despite the fact that ITC companies represent only 2%
of the total number of active companies.
The hardware production has a limited contribution to the sector performance. This can be explained by the
low appeal of the Romanian business environment, especially during the period when such investment took
place in other CEE countries (1994 – 1998), but also by the important investment needed to start such an
activity, beyond the possibilities of local investors.
Such investments are intended for significantly larger markets (in terms of units sold) than Romania, which
requires the existence of export markets. A success story in this branch is the investment of around USD
100 million of the US Company SOLECTRON, which, even if it deals only with the assembly of equipment
(mobile phones and IT hardware) has over 2,500 employees, and exports the entire production to the
European branches of the holding company.
The main local investments in assembly of PC’s are Flamingo, Ktech, Best Computers and Comrace.
Software has a more significant weight within the sector and is mostly represented by a large number of
very small businesses, due mainly to the tax advantages. The law in force at the end of 2003 allows tax
exemptions only to the IT specialist employees that are graduates of at least one of the four specialized
universities (electronics and telecommunication, automatics and computers, informatics, mathematics,
cybernetics) and not to all people active in the field that have attended specialized postgraduate courses.
•
Key players
1) SOFTWIN
Founded in 1990, SOFTWIN is a leading Romanian producer/provider of computer software and services.
The company has a strong presence on the US and European Union IT markets and develops along four
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interlinked business lines: eContent, Data Security, Business Solutions and Customer Relationship
Management. SOFTWIN is headquartered in Bucharest, Romania and has offices in Tettnang, Germany
and Barcelona, Spain. SOFTWIN has 4 divisions, which also define the company's main business lines:
Customer Relationship Management, Business Information Solutions, eContent Solutions and Data
Security Solutions.
Over 90% of the company's turnover is achieved from exports to the US and European Union. Using
cutting edge technologies, SOFTWIN successfully developed over 500 software development projects,
over 3,500 content structuring projects for international partners, having over 43 million data security
solutions users in 80 countries worldwide and more than 1,500,000 client calls handled annually for CRM
services.
Str. Fabrica de Glucoză nr. 5, District 2, CP 52-93, Bucharest, ROMANIA
Telephone: +(40) 21 233 0780 ; Fax: +(40) 233 0763
Website: www.softwin.ro; www.helpdesk.ro
2) GeCAD Software
Bd. Mihai Bravu 223, et. 2, sect. 3, Bucuresti, România
Tel./Fax: +40 21 321 78 03; Hotline: +40 21 321 78 59
Website: www.gecad.ro
3) FINSIEL Romania
Established in 1994, as a joint venture between Finsiel SpA and the Romanian company, Altius Urban
Management International Services, Finsiel Romania is Finsiel's main reference in Eastern Europe.
Finsiel Romania has a staff of about 70 employees and a turnover of more than 66 billion ROL, equivalent
to EUR 1,764,000 representing a growth of about 25% compared to 2002. With those dimensions and
level of competence, Finsiel Romania is a strategical partner for Public Administration, central and local,
and a prospective solution provider for European customers.
Bd. Ficusului 44A
Corp B, et. 1 + 2, 013975 Bucharest, Sector 1, Romania
Telephone: +40-21-2320193/4/5; Fax: +40-21-2329807
Website: www.finsiel.ro
4) ADCOS Romania
Founded in 1996, ADCOS is providing software/web products/IT services.
Areas of expertise:
- Outsourcing of custom software development
- Web Development (E-commerce/ E-Procurement , other B2B, B2C web based
- applications)
- Onsite Programmer Placement at Client’s location
- Databases / Software systems integration and conversion to new languages
- ERP development ( having 4 distributors within Romania and over 40 clients)
- CRM / SFA / E-learning solutions
- E-Project Management solution
ADCOS has gained important clients from Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, USA, Romania,
either directly or by sub-contracting from the German partners: INNOP – Saarbrucken, FUCHS TEAM
Germany, SoftTech Consulting - Bad Homburg.
78, Unirii Bvd., Bl. J2, 2nd Staircase, Suites 43 – 44, Bucharest 3, Romania
Intercom / Speaker: 44C or 43C
Phone: 004-021-320.01.08, 004-021-320.01.27
Website: www.adcos.ro
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5) DEUROMEDIA (Development Division Brasov, Romania)
Deuromedia is an international software and solutions provider, with a proven end-to-end software
platform for broadband transmission of multimedia data. These software solutions allow the seamless
combination of video, radio, TV and multimedia applications based on broadband technology. Contents can
be sent in the unicast and multicast mode with an individualised conveyance of data to the TV and/or PC
user. In addition broadband network operators are enabled to broadcast digital content applying DVB-S,
DVB-C, and DVB-T and/or DSL standards. With the help of diverse clients and receiver applications for set
top boxes and PCs based on Linux-, Microsoft or embedded operating systems the transmitted data can be
received.
Str. Dorobantilor 4B, RO-500009 Brasov, Romania
Phone: +40-268-411911
Fax: +40-268-412059
6) UBISOFT Romania
Ubisoft is one of the leading publishers of game software worldwide. The industry definition of publisher
includes three core activities: development (i.e. the creation of game software), publishing (i.e. the
acquisition of rights to games and of external licenses as well as product marketing) and distribution (i.e.
the physical delivery of the final product to all types of retailers). Founded in Bucharest in 1992, the
Romanian efficiency subsidiary is the second most ancient of the group. Currently, the Romanian
subsidiary counts more than 100 collaborators. Ubi Soft SRL is the leader of the Romanian multimedia
market
Siret str, nr. 95, sector 1, Bucuresti, Romania
Phone: +40 021 305.21.72
Fax: +40 021 305.21.74
Website: www.ubisoft.ro
•
Government policy
No available data
•
FP6 projects:
1) Agent Link – an european network for research coordination within IST. The network includes
researchers and specialists in software development having a common interest: multi-agent technology.
2) KoBas - Knowledge Based Customize Services for Traditional Manufacturing Sectors Provided by a
Network of High Tech SMEs – a research network, aiming for intelligent production system development.
National project:
Petroleum and Gas University from Ploiesti – Hipermedia Statistic Software for assisting in multidisciplinary
research
•
German software producer SAP will bring applications for the SME segment to the Romanian market,
through its partner on the local market, Business Consulting Services (BCS). The ALL-in-one package
provided by SAP is directed to the SME segment and its launch is part of SAP’s strategy to address this
segment as well. As a first step, the software package will be targeted to the distribution segment and to
production companies. German software producer SAP will bring applications for the SME segment to the
Romanian market, through its partner on the local market, Business Consulting Services (BCS). The ALLin-one package provided by SAP is directed to the SME segment and its launch is part of SAP’s strategy to
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address this segment as well. As a first step, the software package will be targeted to the distribution
segment and to production companies.
Romanian software developer, Akela Informatique, opened a representative office in New York. The
company is specialised in the development of software for company management and an outsourcing
provider. The first contracts were already signed. Akela's customers include France Telecom, Paris City
Hall, National Bank of Paris, Ubisoft, Danone, M6 television station, Lukoil and Orange.
Alcatel Romania expects an increase in its revenues by 12% this year, while the results registered for the
first quarter are in line with the company’s target for the year. The company has recently signed two
contracts for supply of communications equipment to two main electricity retailers in Bulgaria and
Macedonia, namely NEC and ESM. The value of the contracts was not disclosed.
In Romania, Alcatel has as clients Romtelecom, Orange Romania and Atlas Telecom. Lately, it started to
diversify its activity by contracting projects for development of telecom infrastructure in fields like
transportation and electricity.
•
There are important organisations supporting the ICT sector in Romania such as:
• Employers’ Association of the Software and Services Industry – ANIS (www.anis.ro)
• Romanian Association for Electronic and Software Industry – ARIES (www.aries.ro)
ARIES aims at promoting and protecting the Romanian IT and electronic business environment, as well as
the professional and commercial interests of its members. ARIES has more then 280 members and is the
largest IT&C association in Romania. The Association has 6 working groups: for Health, for Educational
Software, for public administration, for Electronic Industry, for RFID and for Intelligent Transport.
• Romanian Association for Information Technology & Communication – ATIC (www.atic.org.ro)
ATIC aims to be involved in the debates regarding the national strategy regarding the field TI&C, to
participate in drafting the legislative initiatives and to support the development of the IT&C domain. ATIC is
member of the World Information Technology Software Alliance (WITSA) and the Council of European
Professional Societies (CEPIS).
• National Association of Internet Providers from Romania (ANISP) (www.anisp.ro)
• Romanian Association of Telecommunications' Engineers - AITR (www.aitr.ro)
•
List of the expositions in the concerned field
The main IT&C expositions in Romania are CERF (general IT&C – B2C oriented) and BINARY
(professional solutions – B2B oriented).
Moreover, there are a number of local, lower extent expositions.
CERF (www.cerf.ro) (Computers & Electronics Romanian Fair)
Organizer: Expotek
Time: end of April
Place: Romexpo Exhibition Center
65-67, Marasti Blvd. sect. 1, Bucharest
BINARY (www.aries.ro) (Romanian Electronic and Software Fair)
Organizer: ARIES
Time: end of September
Place: Romexpo Exhibition Center
65-67, Marasti Blvd. sect. 1, Bucharest
Two other B2B conferences complete the list of major manifestations dedicated to the IT domain.
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Romanian Computers Show (ROCS)
Organizer: IDG Romania
Time: November
Soft21
Organizer: ANIS
Time: April
A3.1.4.2 – Grid
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
Key players
Tel: +4021 222 3778; +4021 665 6060; +4021 230 0824; +4021 665 2660
Fax: +4021 223 3060; +4021 224 1030; +4021 312 8569
Website: www.ici.ro
2) "POLITEHNICA" University of Bucharest
Automatic Control and Computer Faculty,
National Centre for Information Technology Splaiul Independentei 313, sector 6, Bucuresti 77206,
Romania (www.upb.ro)
Contact person: General Manager Nicolae Cupcea
Phone: +40 21 402 91 81
Fax: +40 21 410.10.44
•
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No available data
•
RO GRID Initiative in National Center for Information Technology
GRID Initiative in National Center for Information Technology
In 1997, the National University Research Council - CNCSIS had the initiative to use World Bank funds in
order to finance some multi-user research bases (MURC). After a rigorous selection, CNCSIS approved the
financing of the project CoLaborator.
CoLaborator is a multi-purpose virtual laboratory that supports the education and research in the area of
High Performance Computing (HPC).
The perspective of the Gridware technology in our country, by presenting the activities related with this
subject in the National Center for Information Technology, and some suggestions for implementing a
national scale Grid, with the associated infrastructure and computing resources. We propose the
integration of the Romanian Grid-to-be in the existing European and international Grids.
CoLaborator is a multi-purpose virtual laboratory that supports the education and research in the area of
High Performance Computing (HPC).
CoLaborator develops a new paradigm for intimate collaboration among computer scientists,
computational scientists and researchers from a diversity of domains. For them, CoLaborator provides a
coherent system of material, informational, and methodological resources and knowledge that will facilitate
the enhancement of scientific research. This will accelerate the research and dissemination of basic
knowledge, and will minimize the time between scientific discovery and its application. Promoting advanced
and interdisciplinary research will have an impact on Romanian industry and society (“national challenge
problems”), by the activity of the Romanian research teams and/or by international cooperation.
Onother main goals is to provide wide shared access, for the Romanian academic community, to a HPC
server, usually very expensive, by its integration into a collaborative network and by its efficient shared use.
This will provide the Romanian academic community with a powerful resource, able to support the solving
of a variety of research problems that require intensive computation.
Supporting the transfer of technology in the field of high-performance computing will be a major benefit
for Romanian industry, for national research institutes, as well as for research, design and development
centers. An important side effect will be the increase of the national industry competitiveness.
Supporting the transfer of technology in the field of high-performance computing will be a major benefit for
Romanian industry, for national research institutes, as well as for research, design and development
centers. An important side effect will be the increase of the national industry competitiveness.
CoLaborator is a complex environment that provides shared remote access, for a large research
community, to an expensive HPC server, but also to scientific information repositories, to distant learning
tools, and to cooperative work supporting tools. The foreseen features of the CoLaborator services are
tailored in accordance with the characteristics of the available resources and with their evolution on short
term.
In order to be able to implement a national – scale Grid, one of the main prerequisites would be the
upgrade of the metropolitan networks, and then the communication pathways among the central Grid
nodes around the country. The metropolitan network in Cluj has already been upgraded, but the campus
networks should be upgraded to 34, and eventually to 155 Mbps, while the .ro channel should be upgraded
to 2.5 Gbps, supplying enough bandwidth to support quality access to Grid applications and services.
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Another issue would be the creation of a multidisciplinary community, that will include universities, research
institutes, and applications beneficiaries, that will both offer support for the available services and
applications, and work towards the development and further improvement of the existing technologies.
This will be related to international similar efforts, directed at infrastructure, middleware, security, resource
management, or any other of the several fields that are continuously researched and developed in
researching the Grid technologies, or to the development of grid-aware applications or the transformation of
non-grid-aware applications to grid-aware ones. Some of the more widely known efforts in these directions
would be CERN and GriPhyN for the applications part, and Globus and Condor-G for the Grid
technologies.
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.1.4.3 – Dependability & Security
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
Phone: +40254546112
Fax: +40254543491
Address: 13, A.I.CUZA - 200585 Craiova - Romania,
Phone: + 40251413844
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Fax: +40251418803
Phone: +40256403005
Fax: +40256403028
Website: www.utt.ro
Phone: +40258806270
Fax: +40258806260
Website: www.uab.ro
Address: 6, PRECIZIEI - 062203 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40213189571
Fax: +40213189575
1) IP Devel
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Phone: +40-724567470
Fax: +40212127030
RTD user
2) DotCommerce LTD
Phone: + 40213150215
Fax: +40213150215
Distributor
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
4) SC. ELECTROMAGNETICA SA.
ELECTROMAGNETICA offers a package of integrated products and services in the electric field as:
electronic meters, centralized system for remote meter reading and management of residential electric
consumptions, electricity supply services for eligible consumers, software and hardware services of
collection, processing and transmission of records concerning the industrial electric power consumptions.
Contact person: Stanca Octavian, Researcher / engineer
Address: 266, Calea Rahovei - 050912 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40214042113
Fax: +40214042190
Website: www.electromagnetica.ro
Manufacturer
S.C. OPTOELECTRONICA 2001 S.A is a stock company. The main activity object is research and
technological development in physics, advanced electronics, optoelectronics, and image processing for
medical geographical and military applications. The Company also has fabrication lines for optoelectronic
devices (night vision devices, lasers and laser devices, physical protection systems, piezoceramic
transducers). Quality system ISO 9001 / 2001 is implemented and certified by accredited certification
authorities.
Phone: + 40214574498
Fax: +40214574204
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RTD provider
6) Donna Maria srl
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
RTD user
7) UTI SYSTEMS
Phone: +40212012330
Fax: +40212012330
Website: www.uti.ro
Manufacturer
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
• Trade Associations and Institutes
- Employers’ Association of the Software and Services Industry – ANIS www.anis.ro
- Romanian Association for Electronic and Software Industry – ARIES www.aries.ro
- Romanian Association for Information Technology & Communication – ATIC www.atic.org.ro
A3.1.5 – Knowledge, Learning and Cognitive Systems
To capture knowledge embedded in web and multimedia content, making information understandable to
people and machines and to develop artificial systems that perceive, understand, learn and evolve, and act
toward achieving goals.
•
No available data
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•
No available data
•
Key players
1) CENTER for ADVANCED RESEARCH in AUTOMATIC LEARNING, NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
and CONCEPTUAL MODULATION - Bucharest
Researches regarding: natural language modelling, methods and algorithms for automatic processing, multi
strategic learning and knowledge acquisition, computational cognitive modelling in the assisted by
computer training systems.
Manager: PHD Eng. Dan TUFIŞ – Corresponding Member Of The Romanian Academy
Address: Calea 13 Septembrie, nr. 13, Bucharest, Romania, Zip code 76117
Phone: +401 410 4113; +401 410 3210 / 2131
Fax: + 401 411 3916
E-mail: tufiş@valhalla.răcai.ro
2) National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics
Profile: The National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics - ICI Bucharest is not funded
through the state budget and has been set up mainly to carry out scientific research activities and
technological development in Information and Communications Technology by accomplishing the scientific
and technological objectives of the Scientific Research and Technological Development National Plan, and
by taking part in the elaboration of the development strategy of the IT field in Romania.
ICI's main object of activity consists in the elaboration of scientific research works and technological
development in the area of information technology and data communications, a vital support for the
development of the information society.
8-10 Averescu Avenue, 011455 Bucharest 1, Romania
Phone: +40 -21-224 52 62; Fax: +40-21-224 10 30
Website: www.ici.ro
Technologies and Support Tools concentrated in 4 Centres of Excellence in the following areas:
•
Artificial intelligence
•
Complex real-time systems
•
Advanced modeling and optimization
•
Advanced information technologies for the information society - networks and data base systems
- International projects:
SIMILAR The European Task Force creating human machine interfaces SIMILAR to human-human
communications.
SIMILAR – is a Network of Excellence on "Multimodal User Interfaces" funded by the EU Commission
under FP6-507609.
- National projects:
ExClaim - A Hybrid Software Environment for Knowledge-Based Systems Development
INTERACTIV-ROMp - based on National Curriculum Learning Programs is an e-Learning tool for
elementary education (6 to 10 years old students). Its target is computer-assisted learning of the Romanian
language using multimedia facilities.
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INTERACTIV-ROMg - based on National Curriculum Learning Programs - is an e-Learning tool for
gymnasium education (11 to 15 years old students). Its target is computer-assisted learning of the
Romanian language using multimedia facilities.
3) Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence
The Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence has been established in 1994. It has a core of
permanent staff (22 researchers, 3 of them Members of the Romanian Academy; 5 associated members
from abroad) and a variable number of temporary (contract-based) collaborators, mainly MSc. or PhD.
students.
The Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence is member of the European Network of Excellence in
Human Language Technologies.
The main research projects of the Institute are in the areas of natural language processing, machine
learning and knowledge acquisition, computer-aided instruction and structural-phenomenological
modelling. The activities of the Institute also include know-how dissemination, education in artificial
intelligence, and organisation of national and international conferences, summer schools, and seminars.
Director: Prof. Dan Tufis
Calea 13 Septembrie, No. 13
CASA ACADEMIEI, Rooms 1236 – 1245
Bucharest 050711, ROMANIA
Voice: +(40 21) 410-2953
Fax: +(40 21) 411-3916
Website: www.racai.ro
4) Center for Education and Research in Fuzzy Systems and Artificial Intelligence, Iasi, Romania,
“Gh.Asachi” Technical University Iasi, Romania, Polytech Research Center,
Information Technology and Communication Center is a department of "Gh. Asachi" Technical University of
Iasi. The main goal of CCTI is to offer all Internet capabilities to all users from The Technical University of
Iasi and, secondary, to other users. Every faculty has Internet connections with CCTI via Ethernet, radio
link or leased line. CCTI is developing a project for a 'full-Internet' over the entire academic centre of Iasi.
prof.dr.ing.Horia
Nicolai Teodorescu ([email protected])
Address.: Bd. Dimitrie Mangeron nr. 67, 700050 Iasi IS, Romania
Phone: +40-232-272636/extension 1340
Website: http://ccti.tuiasi.ro/
5) SOFTWIN
Founded in 1990, winner of the IST Prize 2003, SOFTWIN is now considered to be one of the technological
leader of the East-European software and services industry. With a team of over 500 qualified
professionals, and over 10000 projects managed so far, SOFTWIN focuses on providing complex software
solutions and services enabling organizations to solve critical business challenges and to take advantage
of new business opportunities.
SOFTWIN develops on 4 interlinked business lines:
•
eContent Solutions;
•
Customer Relationship Management services;
•
Business Solutions;
•
Data Security Solutions
Address: 5, Fabrica de Glucoza Street
Sector 2, Bucharest, Romania
Phone: +40 (21) 233 07 80
Fax: +40 (21) 233 07 63
Website: www.softwin.ro
http://www.econtent-solutions.com
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- Products:
Interactive education content for Romanian high school students.
Objective: Introducing computer-based learning in Romanian high schools. The interactive lessons are
being implemented in over 1500 high schools in Romania.
Electronic Dictionaries on CD-ROM Editions
SOFTWIN specialists produced a dictionary application for a series of bilingual dictionaries (EnglishRomanian, Romanian – English, French – Romanian, Romanian – French, German – Romanian,
Romanian – German, Italian – Romanian, Romanian – Italian) available to users on CD-ROM editions.
6) CONEURAL – Centre for Cognitive and Neural Studies
Coneural is a private, non-profit centre for research in cognitive science, biologically-inspired artificial
intelligence and computational neuroscience, located in Cluj, Romania
Center for Cognitive and Neural Studies (Coneural)
Str. Saturn 24, 400504 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Website: http://www.coneural.org
7) INTERDATA, Natural Language and Multimedia Department
INTERDATA is a young software company which produces high-quality software and offers good quality
expertise in the domain of software design. The NPL and Multimedia Department of INTERDATA provides
software for teaching foreign languages involving Natural Language Processing techniques.
13, Armeana Street, Iasi 6600 Romania
Phone: 40-32-213532
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Contact Person: Professor Antonio Zampolli
Additional Info: 3. Address: 8, Copou Avenue, Iasi, 6600, Romania
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.1.5.1 – Cognitive Systems
•
No available data
•
No available data
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•
1) University of Agricoles Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi
Department of Agricoles Researches
The University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi is a specialized institution of superior
agronomic and veterinary medicine training, financed by the state and having as mission the formation of
agricultural, horticultural and animal husbandry engineers, economic engineers in agriculture and
veterinary surgeons.
The university represents a serious partner, recognized by many European universities with more than 200
persons representing teaching staff and researchers, almost 3500 students and four faculties and Master
courses: Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Faculty of Animal Husbandry; Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine.
Contact person: Samuil Costel, Scientific Director
Address: 3, Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu - 700490 Iasi - Romania,
Phone: +40232260650
Fax: +40232260650
Website: www.univagro-iasi.ro
2) Danubius University from Galati
The university is specialized in economics, law and communication science and provides in these areas
short and long term graduate programs. All faculties engage in scholarly research, most often in
association with graduate students or advanced undergraduates.
Contact person: Viorel Ariton, Director
Address: 3, Lunca Siretului - 800416 Galati - Romania,
Phone: +40236460366
Fax: +40236460038
E-mail: mailto:[email protected], [email protected]
Website: www.univ-danubius.ro/cond.html
Phone: + 40251413844
Fax: +40251418803
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Phone: +40256403005
Fax: +40256403028
Website: www.utt.ro
5) Petroleu-Gas University, Ploiesti
The university has 5 faculties and 3 colleges with specializations in oil & gas engineering, electrical &
mechanical engineering, informatics, economics and literature and science. The scientific researches are
undertaken in 9 research centres.
Contact person: Mihaela Oprea, research group leader
Address: 39, Bd. Bucuresti - 100680 Ploiesti - Romania,
Phone: +40244575059
Fax: +40244575847
www.upg-ploiesti.ro
Address: 16, Universitatii - 700115 Iasi – Romania
Phone: +40232264670
Fax: +40232264670
1) Department of Agricoles Researches – University of Agricoles Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
Iasi
Contact person: Constantin Samuil – Research Group Leader
Address: Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu nr. 3, Iasi, 700490, Romania
Phone: +40 232 274933
Fax: +40 232 260650
2) Technical Science Department – Land Forces Academy Sibiu
Contact person: Prof. Ghita Barsan – Research Group Leader
Phone: +40-269-432990
Fax: +40-269-436362
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Romania.
Contact person: Szel Alexandru, Researcher
Phone: +40-259-239251
Fax: +40-259-231306
http://www.informaticaoradea.ro
RTD provider, Manufacturier
Phone: +40-21-3152042
Fax: +40-21-3152042
Supplier
3) Grup Invest SRL
Contact person: Daniel Emil Gherghel Musat – Researcher/Engineer
Address: 16-18 Unirii (Centre) Blvd., 120013, Buzau – Romania,
Phone: +40-745-182312
Fax: +40-238-716416
Supplier
4) Advanced Technology Systems – ATS
Contact person: Veronica Stefan – Managing Director
Address: 222 Calea Domneasca, 130016, Targoviste – Romania,
Phone: +40-245-620620
Fax: +40-245-211727
Supplier
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
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A3.1.5.2 – Semantic Systems
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
Medicine.
Address: 3, Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu - 700490 Iasi - Romania,
Phone: +40232260650
Fax: +40232260650
Website: www.univagro-iasi.ro
Phone: + 40251413844
Fax: +40251418803
3) “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi
The Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi is a Romanian Academy excellence centre, set up in 1949
and devoted to basic and applied research in organic and inorganic chemistry, and polymers physics. The
institute has 12 departments and undertake fundamental programs of Romanian Academy.
Contact person: Teodora Rusu, Head of Project Coordination Office
Address: 41, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda - 700487 Iasi,
Phone: + 40232217454
Fax: +40232211299
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Website: www.icmpp.ro
Address: 39, Bd. Bucuresti - 100680 Ploiesti - Romania,
Phone: +40244575059
Fax: +40244575847
Website: www.upg-ploiesti.ro
Medicine.
Phone: +40232264670
Fax: +40232264670
1) Department of Agricoles Researches – University of Agricoles Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
Iasi
Contact person: Constantin Samuil – Research Group Leader
Address: Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu nr. 3, Iasi, 700490, Romania
Phone: +40 232 274933
Fax: +40 232 260650
2) Automatisation Equipment – Centre of Metal Forming – Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
Contact Person: Prof. Bogdan Laurean
Phone: +40-269-217871
Fax: +40-269-217871
3) Material Science – Centre of Metal Forming – Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
Contact Person: Prof. Valeriu Deac
Phone: +40-269-217871
Fax: +40-269-217871
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1) HoliSun SRL
HoliSun is positioned to support today’s needs of professional and reliable IT solutions. Through his
robotics department they deliver best-in-class software solutions for robots. Their experience covers the
design and development of three robots.
Contact person: Oliviu Matei – Managing Director
Addess: 12 Traian Blvd, 430212, Baia Mare – Romania,
Phone: +40-262-226778
Fax: +40-262-226778
Website: http://www.holisun.com
RTD provider
RTD user
Phone: +40-21-3152042
Fax: +40-21-3152042
Supplier
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
A 3.1.6 – Interaction, visualisation, simulation and mixed realities
To foster creativity and innovation in products, services and interactive and rich digital content, and to
develop natural ways to interact with technology, machines, devices, and other artefacts.
•
No available data
•
No available data
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•
technologies. They also offer continous education in Education Department and through their centres.
Phone: +40256403005
Fax: +40256403028
Website: www.utt.ro
communications updating.Develops single and small series of equipment for telecommunication and
Phone: +40213189571
Fax: +40213189575
1) DotCommerce LTD
Phone: + 40213150215
Fax: +40213150215
Manufacturer
OnlineSolutions provide consulting and comprehensive software solutions, WEB design, multimedia
applications, editing services.
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
RTD user
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3) Donna Maria srl
Donna Maria srl provides IT&C consultancy and research, top IT&C equipments and services, WEB
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
4) UTI SYSTEMS
Phone: +40212012330
Fax: +40212012330
Website: www.uti.ro
Manufacturer
5) iQuest Technologies
With an outstanding and motivated team in several European offices, the aim is to re-define the meaning of
Quality in the software development and consulting industry. Company’s mission is to provide best-in-class
software products, as well as development and consulting services for clients worldwide.
Contact person: Mihaela Ordean, Scientific director
Address: 6, Calea Motilor - 40001 Cluj-Napoca - Romania,
Phone: +40264592531
Fax: +40264599584
Website: www.iquestint.com
RTD provider
Other key players
1) INSTITUTE of THEORETICAL INFORMATICS - Iaşi
Researches regarding: uni and bi dimensional signal processing, fuzzy systems and parallel calculus,
image processing and forms reconnaissance, artificial intelligence, multi media systems.
Manager: PHD Eng. Dan GÂLEA
Address: Bd Copou nr. 8, Iaşi, Romania, Zip code 6600
Tel: +4032 14 6534
E-mail: [email protected]şi.ro
2) ICI - National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics
8-10 Averescu Avenue, 011455 Bucharest 1, Romania
Tel: +40 -21-224 52 62
Fax: +40-21-224 10 30
Website: www.ici.ro
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3) DEUROMEDIA - Development Division Brasov, Romania
Deuromedia is an international software and solutions provider, with a proven end-to-end software platform
for broadband transmission of multimedia data. These software solutions allow the seamless combination
of video, radio, TV and multimedia applications based on broadband technology. Contents can be sent in
the unicast and multicast mode with an individualised conveyance of data to the TV and/or PC user. In
addition broadband network operators are enabled to broadcast digital content applying DVB-S, DVB-C,
and DVB-T and/or DSL standards. With the help of diverse clients and receiver applications for set top
boxes and PCs based on Linux-, Microsoft or embedded operating systems the transmitted data can be
received.
Str. Dorobantilor 4B, RO-500009 Brasov, Romania
Phone: +40-268-411911
Fax: +40-268-412059
4) SOFTWIN
5, Fabrica de Glucoza Street
Sector 2, Bucharest, Romania
Phone: +40 (21) 233 07 80
Fax: +40 (21) 233 07 63
Website: www.softwin.ro
http://www.econtent-solutions.com
- Products:
The First Romanian Digital Library -The Digital Library brings online for the first time over 100 000 pages
of the Romanian Classics in electronic format:
• the normal version, Internet oriented (intended for ordinary users)
• the enhanced version, respecting the original edition pagination and line numbering. In this way
Romanian literature specialists can easily use the online material for further reference. This
enhanced version integrates critical resources and additional material.
Mobile learning solution for American students
SOFTWIN was contracted by goReader Inc., eBook Devices Producer, an American company to provided
a stable and integrated solution.
5) INSTITUTE for Computers - ITC S.A. - Bucharest:
Multimedia Department represents the ITC vector towards fields traditionally separated from the IT industry
– culture, the national patrimony, etnos. It also constitutes the research laboratory of certain applications
related with to “new media” mobile communications, within which the multimedia content is the key
element. The CD-ROM development within rich media, informatic kiosks, educational applications,
company presentations and art catalogues editing are only a few activities this department.
Calea Floreasca 167, sector 2, Bucharest, 014459 Romania
Phone:021/232 1948
Fax: 021/233 0966
Website: www.itc.ro
6) UBISOFT Romania
Ubisoft is one of the leading publishers of game software worldwide. The industry definition of publisher
includes three core activities: development (i.e. the creation of game software), publishing (i.e. the
acquisition of rights to games and of external licenses as well as product marketing) and distribution (i.e.
the physical delivery of the final product to all types of retailers). Founded in Bucharest in 1992, the
Romanian efficiency subsidiary is the second most ancient of the group. Currently, the Romanian
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subsidiary counts more than 100 collaborators. Ubi Soft SRL is the leader of the Romanian multimedia
market.
Siret str, nr. 95, sector 1, Bucuresti, Romania
Phone: +40 021 305.21.72
Fax: +40 021 305.21.74
Website: http://www.ubisoft.ro
7) SOFTLIFE
Marketing & Public Relations
Phone: 0040 723 590387
Fax: 0040 268 312314
Website: www.softlife.ro
Softlife offers:
• Consultancy in multimedia development
• Project management
• Interactive training products
• Multimedia presentations
• Interactive desktop applications
• Internet / Intranet Multimedia Development
• Flash Development
•
Government policy
No available data
•
•
•
•
ORIZONT-2000 National Research - Development Program
Information Society National Project INFOSOC 3 - Technologies
FP5&6
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.2 Multi-technology, Multi-disciplinary Integration
A3.2.1 - Personal environments
No available data
A3.2.2 – Home environments
•
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No available data
•
No available data
•
Key players
Romania’s economic growth over the last decade has increased demand for security equipment and
services.
Analysts put the value of the safety and security market at $100 to $150million, with an expected annual
growth rate of 15-20%.
UTI SYSTEMS provides complex integrated solutions related to security, as well as access control,
intrusion detection, traffic management systems and detection elements, in favor of a wide range of
customers, covering almost every market area.
The main areas of home environment specialization are: security systems, building management,
information security, voice/data/radio networks.
UTI represent the main player who has a wealth contribution in the market regarding education in using
and administrating the security solutions. UTI concentrate the development solutions in two directions:
COTS solutions and customized complex security solutions compliant with the customer needs. The main
products developed in-house are: shellSAVE, certSAVE and gateSAVE.
UTI Systems is part of UTI Group. In 2004, the Group's turnover increased to EUR 47.5 million. The still
increasing turnover, as well as market expansion and diversification were indicated also by the increasing
number of staff that counted 2,700 persons, at the end of 2004.
UTI GROUP / UTI SYSTEMS / UTI INTERNATIONAL - Bucharest Branch / INFCON / FIREX
Address: 39-41 Nicolae Filipescu Street, Sector 2, Bucharest
Phone: +40 21 2012300
Fax: +40 21 2110542
Website: www.uti.ro
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
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A3.2.3 - Robotic Systems
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
Phone: + 40234542411
Fax: +40234545753
Website: www.ub.ro/ub
Phone: +40254546112
Fax: +40254543491
Phone: + 40251413844
Fax: +40251418803
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Phone: +40258806270
Fax: +40258806260
Website: www.uab.ro
Phone/Fax: +40-254-542580
1) HoliSun SRL
Founded in 2001, HoliSun appeared on the Romanian market as a response to the constant demand of
high quality IT products. As the geographical frontiers tend to disappear and the business partners come
from various locations, HoliSun has adapted to this trend by developing businesses with companies from
the Netherlands, Germany, Spain and US.
Contact person: Oliviu Matei, Managing director
Address: 12, Bd. Traian - 430212 Baia Mare - Romania,
Phone: +40262226778
Fax: +40262226778
Website: www.holisun.com
RTD provider,
Manufacturer
2) Donna Maria srl
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
RTD provider,
RTD user,
Manufacturer,
Supplier
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Other key players
1) Robotic Research Group - Technical University of Cluj-Napoca - Faculty of Automation and Computer
Science
Research projects: autonomous mobile robots; intelligent software agents; world mapping and exploration
using various algorithms
This research group is affiliated with the Automation and Industrial Computing department, Faculty of
Automation and Computer Science at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The department's
webpage is http://aut.utcluj.ro or the university's webpage at www.utcluj.ro
2) Centre for Research & Training in Industrial Control, Robotics and Materials Engineering - CIMR ,
Politechnica University Bucharest
Webpage: http://www.cimr.pub.ro
3) Electronics and Telecommunication Faculty of Timisoara, Applied Electronics Department Research Centre ESII (Integrated Intelligent Electronic Systems Research Centre)
The Research Team for Robotics (RTR) is lead by Mr. prof. dr. Tiberiu Muresan and Mr. prof. dr. Ivan
Bogdanov.
The members of the RTR are members of the Romanian Robotics Association.
In the last years the main subjects of research were:
- Pilot intelligent production systems,
- Research upon passive systems and active intelligent systems interaction,
- Microcontroller control of electrical drives,
- Interpolation in robot control,
- Mobile robots control,
- Sensors for robotics,
- Equipments for leading the welding heads.
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.2.4 - Intelligent infrastructures
•
No available data
•
No available data
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•
Key players
Phone: +4021 222 3778; +4021 665 6060; +4021 230 0824; +4021 665 2660
Fax: +4021 223 3060; +4021 224 1030; +4021 312 8569
Website: www.ici.ro
2) University Politehnica of Bucharest
Phone: +40213169575
Fax: +40213169576
Website: www.pub.ro
3) SIAT S.A. - Bucharest
General Manager: Eng. Alexandru MARINESCU
Phone: +401 232 13 53; +401 232 10 40; +401 232 27 97; Fax: +401 232 29 29
E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]; Web site: www.siat.ro
R&D regarding data transmission in computer networks, information systems, via satellite and computer
network telecommunication services. Computation technique, computation and peripheral automation
systems, electronic, electrotechnic and communication equipment are produced. Expertise and certification
for computation technique, automation, electronics and informational products are developed. Normative,
standard and methodological documents, technical assistance and consulting are realized.
4) Rassco Traffic Company
Rassco Traffic is the main supplier on Romanian market in the field of equipments and services for urban
traffic signal controllers.
Calea 13 Septembrie 168-184
Sector 5, Bucharest
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ROMANIA
Phone: +40 (21).411.18.30
Fax: +40 (21).411.18.30
5) Bucharest Autonomous Transport Authority - RATB
B-dul Dinicu Golescu nr.1, sector 1 - Bucharest
Phone: +40 21 314 71 30
Fax: +40 21 311 05 95
Website: www.ratb.ro
•
Government policy
No available data
•
On January 1999 was created a non-governmental organization for the Implementation of Intelligent
Transport Systems (ITS Romania).
This organization aims to encourage, promote, assist, co-ordinate, and integrate intelligent transport
systems in Romania. The mission of ITS Romania is the development of Intelligent Transport Systems in
Romania.
•
ITS Projects in Romania
- Advanced Telematic System for Urban Transport Management – INFOSOC program, 2001-2003,
200.000 EUR, partners: SIAT-SA, PUB-TTRC, RASSCO and Bucharest Road Authority
- ITS Handbook – AMTRANS program, 2001-2002, 25.000 EUR, partners: ICI, PUB-TTRC, ITS Romania
http://www.district1.ro/manual ITS/
- Advanced telematic system for public transport traveler information-pilot system AMTRANS
program, 2002-2005, 200.000 EUR, partners: PUB-TTRC, Rassco and RATB
- Intelligent equipment for location and identification of tramway wagons RELANSIN program, 20042005, 50.000 EUR, partners: SIAT SA, PUB-TTRC and RATB.
- PEGAS - Pilot System Intelligent Road
PEGAS system:
• Coordinates the road traffic;
• Guaranties the mobility (possibility of movement anytime when the user wants, anywhere where the
user wants) and the movement commodity (comfort and safety);
• Is structured depending on the application fields: nature of movement and covered space.
PEGAS system is dedicated to the participants to the traffic and offers information regarding:
Meteorological state; Environment parameters state; Road state; Traffic state; Traffic directing
PEGAS system was finalised in 2000 and it is under implementation on DN1 in Bucuresti - Tancabesti.
Area.
Producer Consortium: INCERTRANS, SIAT S.A., National Institute for Research and Development in
Informatics (ICI) Romania, IPA S.A., ITS ROMANIA, ICE S.A
- Software application for travelers' guidance and orientation within public transport networks
The application is devoted to:
• urban public transportation - Interactive graphic guide RATB-METROU
• railway transportation - CFR Information kiosk
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CFR information kiosk
The information kiosk (touch screen version) allows travelers' direct access to information regarding:
• trains scheduling: departures, arrivals, routes, prices, etc
• the public transportation vehicles' routes
• hotel addresses, restaurants, etc
The application permits two ways of searching: by using a graphical map of the railway network in
Romania, or by using the list of the destination stations.
The program is to be implemented at the Bucharest, North Station in a few information kiosks.
Producer: INSTITUTE for COMPUTATION TECHNIQUE - ITC S.A. - Bucharest
- TELLUS (Transport & Environment aLLiance for Urban Sustainability) Under the umbrella of the CIVITAS
initiative, brings together five European cities which want to demonstrate that integrated urban transport
policies can improve the traffic: Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Berlin (Germany), Bucharest (Romania),
Gdynia (Poland) and Goteborg (Sweden). TELLUS aims at increasing the modal share in favour of public
transport. TELLUS produces clear recommendations for the modernisation of the organisational and
financial frameworks for future urban public transport in Europe. In order to reach a maximum improvement
of future transport policies across Europe, TELLUS performs integrated evaluations of all its initiatives
showing the impacts on the quality of life, air quality, noise pollution, the modal split, congestion, energy
use, land use and the attractiveness of public transport.
- MOSES (MObility SErvices for Urban Sustainability) was conceived in order to develop new mobility
services by reducing car dependency on a European scale, without any mobility and access restrictions.
The developing economies of the East-European countries are characterized by a fast growth of the air
pollution in urban areas, caused mainly by the increased number of cars. In this regard, car sharing could
be a mobility solution that has already proved its positive impact both on the environment and on citizens'
lifestyle alike. MOSES is a project that studies the possibility to develop the car sharing concept in West
European countries such as Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium, Italy but in Romania as well,
thus being the first East-European country interested in implementing the system. The project's outcomes
will be disseminated throughout all East-European countries for a better implementation of the new mobility
solutions.
- TOSCA (Technological and Operational Support for Car shAring) was a research project in the transport
domain, financed by EU within the Fifth Framework programme, which studied the car sharing concept.
The goal of the project was the promotion of up-to-date technologies unsufficiently exploited, as well the
implementation and integration of the car-sharing concept, as an important element of door-to-door
services. The European experience in the field was used in order to fulfill the objectives of the project.
RATB studied the possibility to implement the car sharing system in Bucharest by carrying out a qualitative
and quantitative research and a feasibility study.
- BESTRANS (BEnchmarking of Energy and EmiSsion Performance in Urban Public TRANSport
Operations) is a project that is willing to develop a methodolog for internal and external benchmarking,
especilly for energy consumption and polluting emissions in the urban public transport domain and to carry
out a benchmarking exercise with the attendance of the public transport operators from all over Europe.
The synthesis of the project's results would become a valuable promotional tool, together with the
benchmarking guide that will be issued at the end of the project.
- CAPTURE (CArs to Public Transport in URban Environment) was a 3-year research project financed by
EU which assessed the implementation of 11demonstrations designed to influence the modal shift (from
cars to public transport). The studied measures included the improvements of the mobility on the main
roads especially in the city centres. All these measures were designed to influence the modal shift. The
public transport operators and consultants from London, Manchester and Oxford (United Kingdom),
Tampere (Finland), Rome, Orvieto (Italy), Copenhagen (Denmark) and Bucharest (Romania) were part of
this consortium. The project's results were presented within the final conference held in Bucharest with a
large international attendance.
- DANTE (Designs to Avoid the Need to Travel in Europe) was an 18-month research project having a
consortium set up by representants from 6 European countries. The consortium made a summary of the
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data from the transport domain obtained at local and national levels in order to determine the latest
tendencies in transport behaviour, and particulary to identify those journeys that are the most important
factors for general mobility. This can create an evaluation framework which could provide more information
to the decision-makers in urban and regional transportation in order to set up the most suitable strategies to
avoid the need to travel. A Good Practice Guide was the outcome of the project which summarised those
strategies designed to avoid the need for travel.
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.3 Application Poles
A3.3.1 – ICT for health
•
Romania has the lowest percentage of GPs that have Internet access in their consulting rooms in the CEE
10. However, 43% of hospitals have Internet access and 33% of health clinics (2002, NRA and ITU). (2)
There are some achievements of the Ministry of Health and Family in the Information Society
implementation process:
- a database with national and international standards and regulations (definitions, classifications,
codifications etc.) was developed in order to ensure coherently statistical reporting systems and
healthcare services system. Public access to this database is provided through the internet;
- IT systems for hospitals - development of IT systems for the management of patients, observation
sheets, medical investigations and treatments, management of drug consumption, human
resources, admin activities and accounting etc.;
- National Health Insurance Agency Information System, was implemented in 2000;
- The IT system for healthcare management - Ministry of Health, CNAS, Medical College.
The IT pilot project for the sanitary sector has been achieved with World Bank support and was
implemented between 1997 and 1999. It has been installed over 1000 servers and computers, other
equipment and the related software. The information systems has been installed to the Ministry of
Health, all the Public Health Services, 34 ambulance stations, 95 rural health centres and to all
medical institution from Neamt county – the pilot faze.
Funding sources in Romania:
The National Plan for R&D and Innovation, financed by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research
include the following programmes dedicated to health:
- VIASAN – “Life and Health”
- INFOSOC – “Information Society Romanian Project”
- AEROSPACE program financed by the Romanian Government – related goals: earth
observation, global positioning and navigation, space communications applied to telemedicine,
precision farming, disaster monitoring, global information systems
•
The reform in the medical system is lagging much behind. The health budgetary allocations that place
Romania on the last rank among the candidate countries to the EU have a strong impact on the ICT
penetration in the health sector. Due to insufficient financing and lack of strategic policies between the main
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actors (MCIT, MER and the Ministry of Health), ICT plays a minor role to the quality of health care and of
people’s access to these services. However, 43% of hospitals and 33% of health clinics have Internet
access. In 2004, MCIT launched a project to deliver a health portal as a unique access point to the
information regarding services in the health sector. In the first phase the portal will be used to supply
medical information by electronic means and to assure on-line presence of the institutions from the sanitary
field.
•
1) National Centre for Studies in Family Medicine
The Centre for Studies in Family Medicine seeks to enhance family medicine and primary health care
practice which will reflect a partnership of the community and interdisciplinary teams committed to proactive
patient-centred care.
Contact person: Marius Marginean, President
Address: 227, Calea Mosilor - 020868 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40212115927
Fax: +40212115927
Website: www.uwo.ca/fammed/csfm/about.html
2) University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca
The university has 4 faculties, each of them with short and long term graduate programs, advanced studies
and post graduate studies.
Contact person: Liviu Alexandru Marghitas, Rector
Address: 3, Manastur - 400372 Cluj Napoca - Romania,
Phone: +40264595825
Fax: +40264593792
Website: www.usamvcluj.ro
3) Institute of Virology
The Institute of Virology was established as an excellence centre of Romanian Academy to develop
fundamental and applied researches focusing on chronic viral diseases.
Contact person: Cernescu Costin, Managing Director
Address: 285, Mihai Bravu - 030304 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40213242590
Fax: +40213241471
Website: www.ihv.org
capable
of
adjusting,
open
to
innovation,
competitivity
and
change.
Contact person: Corina Georgeta Barna, International Relations Secretary
Phone: +40256277060
Fax: +40256200296
Website: www.usab-tm.ro
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Phone: +40232264670
Fax: +40232264670
Phone: +40-256-403291
Fax: +40 256 403295
2) Department of Building Services – Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture – Politehnica
University of Timisoara
Contact person: Adrian Retezan -Research Group Leader
Address: 2, Traian Lalescu, 300223, Timisoara -Romania,
Phone: +40-256-403991
Fax: +40-256-403987
3) Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Enviroment – University of Bacau
Contact person: Necula – Research Group Leader
Phone: +40-745-302970
Fax: +40-234-512285
4) Service and Technological Transfer – National Institute sor R&D in Informatics
Objectives: consultancy, expertise and certification of software technologies and applications, design and
development of different types of Decision Support Systems, design and development of multimedia
applications for culture and education .
Projects and services: Data Base Systems for central/local administration (accounting, personnel,
materials, projects), industry, agriculture, education, culture, health, Web sites for cultural heritage
dissemination, e-learning systems for different levels of basic education, highly interactive interfaces for
different types of DSS, methodologies and recommendations to design multimedia applications and
software interfaces.
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Contact Person: Gabriela Rodica Hrin – Research Group Leader
Address: 8, Maresal Averescu Blvd., 011455, Bucharest- Romania,
Phone: +40-744777729
Fax: +40-21-2241030
Website: http://www.ici.ro/ici/organizare/edep09.html
5) Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Laboratory – Institute for Computer Science Iasi
Contact person: Silviu Ioan Bejenariu – Research Group Leader
Adress: 8, Carol I Blvd., 700505, Iasi – Romania,
Phone: +40-232-241708
Fax: +40-232-211150
6) Education – National Centre of Studies in Family Medicine
Contact person: Dr. Iuliana Popa – Research Group Leader
Phone: +40-232-274955
Fax: +40-232-274955
•
Government Policy; Related National and EU projects in which your country is participating
The low penetration rate of ICT in the health sector creates an important potential for the development of ehealth applications. There are also some notable success stories of ICT implementations in hospitals. The
ambulance management system put into service in Bucharest in 1996 has been extended later on in other
seven cities. The system is covering a wide range of ambulance activities from call centre activities to cost
calculation. Developments of specialized ERP systems - for the management of patients, observation
sheets, medical investigations and treatments, management of drug consumption, human resources,
admin activities and accounting etc. - exists in 60 out of 446 hospitals in Romania. In the past, the Ministry
of Health had the initiative to start ICT projects for the health sector. Currently, there are a high number of
ERP solutions for hospitals available on the market.
Some projects dealt with standardization issues in order to assure a coherent integration of e-services.
Under the VIASAN programme a database with national and international standards has been developed in
order to ensure compatibility with the integration process of statistical reporting systems and healthcare
services system65. In the international project EUPHIN – EAST, Romania contributed to a statistical
reporting system for medical indicators of the countries in the European zone of World Health Organisation.
The system maintains hundreds of health indicators available for all the WHO European countries66.
Romania also is involved in 2 projects within eTEN framework programme aiming to provide e-services in
the e-health field.
The negative feature as regards the e-health development is, besides a somehow chaotic development,
the lack of a real market and the use of all kinds of software products (some obtained through donations
and not customized). In spite of the fact that many researchers are partners in EU R&D projects, the
developed products are not adopted by industry. Even projects financed from EU funds “are forgetting”
their existence. What is missing is a coherent strategy between all stakeholders responsible for the
development of e-health services in Romania (the opinion of the author of the report on Romania in the
“Telemedicine Glossary” IST EC).
Source: Future Prospects in Romania: Scenarios for the Development of the Knowledge Society in Romania, EFFECTIVE
DECISIONS
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•
No available data
•
HISRo - Health Information Systems group Romania is a Romanian Cooperation Group of Companies
under the umbrella of non-profit professional associations:
- ARIES (Romanian Association of Electronic Industry and Informatics www.aries.ro) and
Telemedicine Centre Romania, a WHO/EUROPE collaborating centre on Clinical Engineering and Medical
Computing (www.telemed.ro)
Key activities:
- Analysis, design, development and implementation of HIS systems in Romania and region
- Supply and installation of information systems
- Computer systems and network integration
- Research, development and clinical implementation of information systems
- Technology assessment
- Create national or regional (Black Sea area) IT infrastructure
- Information system maintenance and support/Training
Coordinator: Simion Pruna, PhD
I.L. Caragiale, No 12, Sect. 2,
70208, Bucharest, Romania
Phone: +40 21 212 3217
Fax +40 21 330 3769
Website:www.telemed.ro
SRIM – Romanian Society of Medical Informatics - SRIM: Timisoara,
Spl. T. Vladimirescu nr. 14
Telefon/Fax: +40256-490288
http://medinfo.umft.ro/rsmi/index.htm
Other key players
Contact persons: Elena Jitaru
Bd. Maresal Averescu Nr. 8-10, RO - 71316 Bucuresti, 1 ROMANIA
Phone: +40-1-224.12.59 ext 224; Fax: +40-1-224.05.39
Website:www.ici.ro
Other projects:
• ELIAS-HIS system integrate the hospital activities in an working electronic environment that offers a
high level of security on data, an access in real time and authorised to data and a rapid communication
in / from its interior / exterior.
ELIAS-HIS system allow to:
• Patients to communicate with the hospital even from their home;
• Doctors to inform themselves about the evolution of the patient health state and to determine
the diagnoses and treatments both from the compartment in which they work and from
anywhere they would be in Romania or abroad. Destination, utilization field ELIAS-HIS system
can be implemented in any hospital from Romania. The first page of the ELIAS-HIS project
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presentation site allows the access to six Web pages that contain information regarding the
project.
ELIAS-HIS system is implemented at the "C.F. Witing Universitary Hospital".
http://www.district1.ro/eliashis_en/
Producer consortium: National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics (ICI) Romania,
Familia M H Elias Foundation.
•
Telematic Systems for Healthcare Monitoring: Distributed national system for TB monitoring. It
consists of a distributed database containing data of all TB patients. It contains also the associated
procedures for data handling with remote facilities.
•
Knowledge Based Systems for Medical Decision, including Expert Systems. EXAMPLES: A KBS
for hydro-elecrolytic balance disturbance diagnose and treatment; Cognitive process modeling using
complex-image evaluation
•
Telematic Systems as Support for Cooperative Work of Healthcare Professionals: National site in
European Health Telematics Observatory network
•
Computer-assisted Systems for Medical Decision Making: Catheterism and angiography
investigations assisted by computer; Medical images management.
2) INSTITUTE for Computers - ITC S.A. - Bucharest:
Calea Floreasca 167, sector 2, Bucharest, 014459 Romania
Phone: 021/232 1948; Fax: 021/233 0966
Website: www.itc.ro
ITC is the Romanian co-ordinator within the bilateral cooperation Italy-Romania:
• 1998-2000, "Scientific and Technologic Cooperation in the Medical Informatics and
epidemiology field between Italy and Romania" project undertaken in cooperation with CNRInstitute of Advanced Biomedical Technology of Milan.
• 2000-2004, "Scientific and technological cooperation in the preventive medicine, medical
informatics and telemedicine fields between Italy and Romania" project in cooperation with
CNR-Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technology of Milan.
Other projects:
• CARDIOCARD - Smart card based interoperable system for healthcare insurance and services with
applicability in cardiology.
• Beneficiary:
UMF
"Carol
Davila"
Bucharest
Cardiology
Department
Experimental exploitation: Cardiology Clinic of "Bagdasar-Arseni" Emergency Hospital, Bucharest
• ASISTASTM - Computer-assisted system for pediatric bronchial asthma
• ASISTARS - Computer-assisted system for emergency medical activity in plastic and reconstructive
surgery laboratory.
• INTOX - Diagnosis and Therapy System for emergency medical situations with regard to toxiinfections at children
• INTERMED - Computerized system for consultancy in the medicine interactions domain
• SIAMS - Information system for management assisting of The National Neonatal Screening
Program
• TelMed - Internet Based System for Remote Medical Assistance. The application is financed
under the national program for research projects The system allows: tele-consultation, patient
orientation towards the best place of treatment, medical care and recovery; reservations for periodic
checkups,
laboratory
tests
or
hospitalization;
monitoring
the
patients.
,
Producers: Software ITC Bucharest, Romania , Institute for Computers, National Center for Health
Statistics, Ambulance Service of the city of Bucharest
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3) IPA S.A. - Research, Development and Production of Automation Equipment and Installations –
Bucharest
RTD regarding self managing systems for technological processes. Automation systems and equipments,
electric devices and power electronic systems, numeric signal processing systems, sensors are produced.
Engineering and key delivery for process management systems, security and burglarproof systems are
delivered. Consulting, technical assistance, quality certification.
General Manager: Eng. Florin UDRESCU
Address: Calea Floreasca, nr 169,
Bucharest, Romania, Zip code 71295
Phone: +401 232 00 69; +401 230 76 16; +401 230 18 79
Fax: +401 230 70 63; +401 230 18 79
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Website:www.ipa.ro
Projects financed under VIASAN programme:
• Information system for emergency medical assistance – SATURG, 18 months, (2001 - 2003)
• TECRON Telematic system for home monitoring of the patient with cronic deseases, 14 months
(2003 - 2004)
• Telediagnose for patients with angiogenesis.
4) SIVECO ROMANIA SA
ROMANIA, BUCHAREST, 011455
8-10, Maresal Averescu Bd.
Phone: +40 (21) 224 25 31, 224 25 77
Fax: +40 (21) 224 41 08
Website: www.siveco.ro
SIVECO e-Health projects:
• The National Health Insurance House (CNAS) - Integrated Information System for managing the
activities within CNAS - project achieved by a consortium and HP as an integrator.
• The Ministry of Health in Croatia (HZZO) - an information system which centralizes the data
received by all the medical cabinets in Croatia.
• Nepenthes Group France (Concentrateur Global Nepenthes) - a system for managing the invoice
flow between the French Health Ministry and the health insurance houses.
5) ROMSYS
169A, Calea Floreasca Street, Bucharest, Romania
Phone: +40 (0)21. 208.07.00
Fax: +40 (0)21. 208.07.15
Website:www.romsys.ro
Projects:
• The epidemologic surveillance of tuberculosis in Romania, in the benefit of "Marius Nasta"
Institute. The solution allows even the most outlaying sanitary units to provide data and to have access
to the analysis result.
• Informatic Inregrated System DISPEC BEMSSY offers the automation of dispatching activities in
Emergency Medical Services, 7 days per week, 24 hours per day. The solution has been succesfully
implemented in Bucharest and other 12 counties.
• REMSSy – Regional Emergency Medical Services System aims at optimizing resource, materiel,
specialists and ambulance administration. REMSSY assigned to Emergency Medical Services in 7
counties: Craiova, Cluj-Napoca, Constanţa, Iaşi, Timişoara, Târgu Mureş and Oradea.
• Starting with 2004 Romsys has began the integration of the unique call system 112.
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6) Romanian Space Agency – ROSA
Contact:
E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]
www.e-medicina.ro (link ARTASS) Medicine & Welfare Excellence Center
www.rosa.ro
ROSA is financed under National Aerospace Program has as a strategic goal e-Health / Telemedicine and
Life Support & Protection Applications such as the Excellence Centre for Space Applications in Medicine
and Human Biological Welfare.
The Excellence Centre Mission, a project of ROSA is to be a prolific context for telemedicine and welfare
applications development, beneficial for health care, health preservation, and human life protection within a
clean environment
The Excellence Centre Partnership Status:
Telemedicine partners:
• The Fundeni Telemedicine Pilot (strategic)
• The Danube Delta Mobile Telemedicine Pilot (strategic)
• Clinic Departments in Romania
• Virginia Commonwealth University – USA
• Human biological welfare partners
• IT&C applications partners
Strategic efforts in progress:
• National Telemedicine System expansion and advocacy;
• Mobile Telemedicine for remote areas integration;
• Human health protection and recovery applications;
• National Human Performance Network establishment;
• ARTASS Association
e-Health Projects financed under AEROSPATIAL Program:
• 2001-2003 Fundeni Telemedicine Pilot
• 2001-2003 Sportsmen Position Real Time Tracking System
• 2002-2003 The Excellence Centre for Space Applications in Medicine and Human Biological Welfare
• 2002-2004 Demonstration Pilot for Humans Monitoring in High Risk Conditions - SMOPERR
• 2004-2006 The Danube Delta Mobile Telemedicine Pilot - mobile telemedicine services in remote,
infrastructureless areas;
• 2004-2006 InGRID, HUP-GRID
• 2004- EXTREM-GRID (ROSA-leader, financed under INFOSOC program)
Mobile Telemedicine Resources:
•
Practice in “classical telemedicine” such as tele-diagnostics, tele-radiology, tele-consulting and
continuous distance medical education;
•
Rescue, Critical & Trauma Services;
•
Integrated Medical Procedures & Protocols;
•
IT&C infrastructure and know-how;
•
Wireless Data Communication resources including Mobile Telephony and Satellite Data
Communications;
•
WEB based technology and applications.
7) ALCATEL Romania
National Network of Traumatology - RNT is public-private initiative, the core of the Information System of
Romanian Health Services. ALCATEL Romania was the leader with the partners: Orange Romania,
Romania Data Systems, Microsoft Romania, Hewlett Packard Romania, InfoWorld, Asociatia Medicala
Romana, Omnis Group, Business Relation, Avitech Co.
RNT implementation steps:
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2004
2005
- National Network of Traumatology – Pilot project
- Regional National Network of Traumatology includes all the Romanian Medical Universitary
Centers
2006 - County National Network of Traumatology – International highways
2007 - Information System of the Integrated system of Medical Services
2008 - Romanian Integrated Systems of Health Services
RNT – the pilot station – is a data, voice & images integrated system, working as an intranet network, and
connecting the following medical units:
• Bucharest (Floreasca – Emergency Hospital; Euroclinic Private Hospita)
• Timisoara (County Hospita; Austria Home Hospita; Ortopedy Hospita)
• Târgu Mures (County Hospita; Medical Emergency Mobile Unit – SMURD);
• Chilia Veche (Village Surgery)
A3.3.2 – ICT for inclusion
•
e-Inclusion is one of the key objectives of the Romanian Government. A range of projects were
implemented with the financial support of the Romanian Government, EU Phare fund, and US Agency for
International Development and US Department of Health and Human Services.
•
No available data
•
c) Key players
1) ICI – National Institute for R&D in Informatics, Bucharest (www.ici.ro)
2) ULBS – “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Romania
3) INDACO Systems
78 Izvor Street, sector 5, Bucharest, Romania
Phone/fax: (40 21) 411 9711
E-mail [email protected]
Website:www.indaco.ro
Sample of projects for inclusion:
•
InHand – Development of information services for persons with special needs. The site
http://www.anph.ro/ is dedicated to all initiatives related to social, professional and cultural integration,
acting as a center against exclusion.
The site design was coordinated by the National Authority for Persons with Handicaps and realised by:
ICI – National Institute for R&D in Informatics, Bucharest (www.ici.ro) and
ULBS – “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Romania (www.ulbsibiu.ro)
• Telecenters
Until today 36 telecenters were opened around the country, in rural and remote communities or
disadvantaged regions that have been left behind in terms of educational and technological equity and
access. They are located in a specified site that provides public access to ICT resources and its aim is to
provide wide access to information and knowledge. From October 2003 to January 2004 these telecenters
were used by a number of 3,500 inhabitants and this number increase from day to day.
The telecenters' purposes are to:
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• expand access to ICT-based services for all citizens;
• extend the access of public services such as education, health and social services;
• provide information of general interest to the local community, including government information;
• provide information of general interest to the specific groups such as farmers, local businesses and nongovernmental organisations;
• provide access to infrastructure, technology support and advice for the development of businesses.
• The Citizens Advice Bureaux network
The Citizens Advice Bureau is an independent service, designed specifically to address the clear need in
Romania for improved access to information, advice and support for ordinary citizens to enable them to
solve problems and to exercise their social and civil rights and duties.
This is achieved through the establishment of a national network of locally based citizens advice and
information services, developed by non-governmental organisations in close partnership and co-operation
with local authorities. There are 55 Citizens Advice Bureaux (CAB) all over the country, in big and small
cities and rural remote areas.
CABs use an informational system along with its content as an essential tool in providing advice services to
citizens, in various domains: social assistance, social insurance, labour relations, consumer protection, civil
rights and obligations, property, taxes, education, notary procedure, child protection, public services. This
informational system also monitors the activity of the advice bureaux.
INDACO was the company that design and implemented the information system.
• CWMTIS project
It was initiated by the Romanian National Authority for the Child Protection and Adoption in partnership with
US Agency for International Development and US Department of Health and Human Services.
Indaco Systems was chosen to develop the informational system devoted to monitoring and tracking all the
children included in the Romanian Child Protection System. The main objective of the system was to keep
records about all the events/changes affecting the child situation. The system stores complete information
about the child from the beginning to the end of each episode and provides complex, easy to access
information to manage child cases.
CWMTIS was designed to:
- provide national registration and inquiry function about children and families providing child welfare
services;
- provide basic cost tracking capabilities for services to children;
- provide enhanced reporting capabilities in support of local and national program administration;
- establish network connectivity facilitating local access to national data and synchronization of local and
national databases.
This national wide system was designed as an on-line, web application.
The complete communication infrastructure was installed from scratch and a national VPN (48 locations)
was configured on top of public Internet, since transmission security was mandatory.
Microsoft .NET was chosen in order to build a scalable, easy to develop solution. The database
management system is based on SQL Server that provides a facile administration environment alongside
with the required strength.
•
Government policy
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
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•
No available data
A3.3.3 – ICT for mobility
• The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
The current use of telematic systems can be described as poor and the improvement of the framework
conditions for the use of ITC systems is urgently needed.
Telematics applications for traffic management, not widespread, but partly used exist in the following areas:
• Centralized traffic control;
• Flexible signal plans;
• Public transport priority and traffic sensors;
• Variable message signs.
Weaknesses
• low level of expertise in applying telematics in the transport field;
• insufficient public funds;
• the lack of data or information for new services;
• internal problems such as institutional and inter-departmental co-operation.
•
No available data
•
RTD/SMES involved in research activities on mobility
1. Polytechnic University of Bucharest
2. ICI – National Institute for R&D in Informatics, Bucharest
3. RASCO
4. TRANSINFO S.A
5. INSTITUTE for COMPUTATION TECHNIQUE - ITC S.A. - Bucharest
6. INCERTRANS
7. SIAT S.A.
8. IPA S.A.
9. ITS ROMANIA
10. ICE S.A
•
Government Policy
Transport Restructuring Project
The Government of Romania has defined a strategy for the transport sector that is primarily aimed at
improving the efficiency of the railways and road sectors, and thereby reducing the overall costs of
transportation. The project has the following three components: Component 1) The activity consists of
technical cooperation and training to improve efficiency of road management and administration targeted at
the Romania National Company for Motorways and National Roads Project Appraisal Document
(RNCMNR). Road safety improvements, and construction of bypasses to selected cities. Component 2)
Technical cooperation and training for the commercialization of the railway industry. Completion of the
Integrated Railway Information System (IRIS) Hardware and communications network. Infrastructure
maintenance, power supply and signaling equipment. Systems for quality and environmental management.
Component 3) Provision of technical assistance to support institutional development for Ministry of
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Transport. Construction and Tourism (MTCT) and Metrorex , consisting of: (i) organizational development
of the urban transport planning and management unit within MTCT, and establishment of the Bucharest
Metropolitan Transport Authority; (ii) reorganization of the Metrorex institutional structure to improve
efficiency and effectiveness; (iii) feasibility studies for extensions to the Metrorex commuter services within
Bucharest metropolitan districts, and (iv) provision of consultant services for audit of the Project accounts
covering the financial years during project implementation.**
Implementing Agency – NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF ROADS AND STATE RAILWAYS CFR-INFRA
Closing Date: 31-JUL-2009
•
1) Road Weather Information Systems
Location: DN1 Bucharest – Brasov – 160 Km
Structure: 17 Intelligent road whether stations, 5 Data Collection Stations, 12 Variable massage panels, 2
info-Kiosks, 1 Central Station; 5 Work Stations
Functions:
- Measurement of road weather parameters
- Local data processing and collecting
- Shot term (2 hours) and medium term (24 hours) road weather forecast
- Issuing warning and alarms
- Information of the users through variable message panels
- Data transfer between all stations and to info-kiosks
- Road weather data recording and dissemination
2) UNIQUE EMERGENCY CALL 112
Location: one district – Mures District
Actors involved: ambulance, fire brigade and police
Central dispatcher wit five operators; sub- dispatchers
Fleet management (50 ambulance and police cars with location and route optimisation)
3) ROKFIND - FLEET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Designed and developed by ROKURA Company.
Commercial system of localization of mobile assets, bi-directional messaging, monitoring of different
operational parameters, leading finally to a more efficient management of a company infrastructure.
ROKFIND services are based on data communications using several platforms: GSM, geo-stationary or
low-earth-orbit satellites, depending on the type of the fleet (ships, barges, trucks, trailers, reefers, rail
wagons, oversized vehicles, special transports) and the area covered by the vehicles (maritime, land,
domestic, international).
The functional unit can be easily installed and adapted to any kind of vehicle.
Its large interfacing capacity to different types of sensors and transducers makes it extremely versatile for
application development.
Data are available to the final user through a server connected to Internet, so the vehicle fleet can be
monitored from the office, home or any other place by a simple Internet connection. The software is friendly
and easy to use without requiring special computer operating abilities.
4) SOMCET-NET- Integrated Electronic System for transport optimisation and monitoring support
for e-business in transport area
SOMCET-Net is a integrated, intelligent and interactive support for vehicle monitoring, route optimization
and an interactive tool for electronic commercial transaction.
The system allows transport demands, offers and orders management and finding based on selection keys
created dynamically by the user, supports the negotiation process and transport contact set up between the
business partners, automatic route optimization with route visualization on the digital map, location and real
time survey of means of transport and its principal characteristics using GPS, GSM, and GIS technologies.
The use of the digital maps to represent the locations associated with characteristic descriptive information
offers more visibility to the information.
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National Institute for Research and Development - ICI (coordinator), CEPETET - research center for
electronics in transport area from "Politehnica" have developed the system having as user National Union
of Road Transport from Romania, that represents more than 1800 carriers.
5) VTS -01 – VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM
The equipment VTS-M was designed and realized by NEURON in co-operation with UTI Grup.
It determines the vehicle position using the information supplied by the GPS system “Navstar”, memorizes
the route and the speed, makes comparisons with pre-defined routes for approx. 10,000 km, acquires
information regarding vehicle condition and executes independent or assisted commands.
VTS-M can transmit these information to a computer using various communication channels: GSM, PRM
(Private Radio Mobile), Satellite.
The system of programmes VTS-D is composed by:
- Message Modem that realizes the bi-directional communication, using the VTS-M equipments
- Configurator that defines each vehicle registered in the system
- VTS that offers the graphic interface for real time visualization of vehicles shifting, generate files
recording the tracks, events or alarms and the operators’ activity.
Applications: Fleet management, fast interventions (ambulance, fire, police), dispatching and protection for
important transports (values, toxic substances, VIP).
6) Road Freight Transport Demand And Supply Information (Fretris)
Partners: Databank (Greece), OCTOCON Ltd. (England), GLOSSY S.A.(Romania), Institute of Computer
Systems (Bulgaria). I.C.I. (Romania)
Development of a pilot information system, providing reliable information on the supply and demand for
road freight transport in the Balkan corridor (Romania, Bulgaria, Greece) and being accessible by all the
Transportation related Community in the mentioned countries.
Implementation of available communications and telematic. State of the art technologies are exploited and
client-server applications are available in the form of on-line services.
Design and implementation of a distributed information system. It consist a distributed database fulfilled
with transportation data of demands and offers of transport services. The FRETRIS technical system
constitutes 3 nodes situated in Romania, Bulgaria and Greece.
This distributed database is accessible through Internet. The users and of the system applying http protocol
can register in the database demands for transportation of goods and/or offers of transportation services.
7) PEGAS - Pilot System Intelligent Road
PEGAS system:
• Coordinates the road traffic;
• Guaranties the mobility (possibility of movement anytime when the user wants, anywhere where the
user wants) and the movement commodity (comfort and safety);
• Is structured depending on the application fields: nature of movement and covered space.
PEGAS system is dedicated to the participants to the traffic and offers information regarding:
Meteorological state; Environment parameters state; Road state; Traffic state; Traffic directing
PEGAS system was finalised in 2000 and it is under implementation on DN1 in Bucuresti - Tancabesti.
Area.
Producer Consortium: INCERTRANS, SIAT S.A., National Institute for Research and Development in
Informatics (ICI) Romania, IPA S.A., ITS ROMANIA, ICE S.A
8) Software application for travelers' guidance and orientation within public transport networks
The application is devoted to:
• urban public transportation - Interactive graphic guide RATB-METROU
• railway transportation - CFR Information kiosk
CFR information kiosk
The information kiosk (touch screen version) allows travelers' direct access to information regarding:
• trains scheduling: departures, arrivals, routes, prices, etc
• the public transportation vehicles' routes
• hotel addresses, restaurants, etc
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The application permits two ways of searching: by using a graphical map of the railway network in
Romania, or by using the list of the destination stations.
The program is to be implemented at the Bucharest, North Station in a few information kiosks.
Producer: INSTITUTE for Computers - ITC S.A. - Bucharest
9) Integrated system for positioning, following and management of vehicles, using GPS-GSM
technologies
The integrated system for positioning and following comprises mainly the AVL mobile units (Auto Vehicle
Location) - which will be installed on monitored vehicles - the GSM communication network or a VHF radio
network and the monitoring equipment.
The monitoring software permits:
- the location and viewing of the last position for one or more vehicles
- the online following and route marking of a certain vehicle
- the short messages sending and receiving from and towards the vehicle driver
- maps light-hachuring for certain areas of importance (the maps of certain towns, parking areas, etc)
- the storing of all received positions, of the sent and received messages from drivers, in a database, etc.
- the virtual displacement on a geographic graphical map and the calculation of displacement parameters
(the optimal distance, speed, etc)
Producer: INSTITUTE for Computers - ITC S.A. - Bucharest
Research projects in progress:
• Convergent solutions for limiting the congestion and the traffic pollution in urban
agglomerations financed under AMTRANS PROGRAMME of National research Agency, project
coordinator: Polytechnic University of Bucharest
• Traffic and environment monitoring system – Bucharest, financed under AMTRANS PROGRAMME
of National Research Agency, partners: P.U.B, I.C.I., RASCO
• TRANSnet - Virtual Transport Market, an application regarding demand and offer management (ecommerce) for inner freight transport (pilot stage), Performed by TRANSINFO S.A.
Networks:
• Intelligent Transport Systems - ITS Romania & European Projects
ITS Romania is associate member of FRAME-Net, National ITS Associations Platform (ERTICO initiative),
is involved in COMPRIS programme and participated to World and European ITS Congress
Funding sources:
•
The National Programme for Research, Development and Innovation funds the Romanian research
activities. Its components in relation with Intelligent Transport Systems – ITS are:
– AMTRANS (Land Planning and Transport) http://www.ipa.ro/
– INFOSOC (Information Society) http://www.ici.ro/
–
RELANSIN (Economical Re-launching) http://www.amcsit.ro/
–
CERES (Fundamental and Pre-competition Research) http://alpha1.infim.ro/ifa/
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.3.4 – ICT for the environment
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•
No available data
•
No available data
•
Phone: + 40234542411, Fax: +40234545753
Website:www.ub.ro/ub
Address: 13, Al.I. CUZA - 200585 Craiova - Romania,
Phone: + 40251413844, Fax: +40251418803
Website:www.central.ucv.ro
3) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOECOLOGY - GEOECOMAR
GeoEcoMar is a governmental research-development institution, coordinated by the Romanian Agency for
Science and Innovation with 105 scientific and technical personnel working in Bucharest and in a branch in
Constantza.
The scientific departments are: Marine Geology and Sedimentology Laboratory, Laboratory for Seismoacoustics and Physics of the Sea, Marine Gravimetry and Magnetometry Laboratory,
Laboratory of
Marine Geo-ecology and Biogeochemistry, GIS and DataBases Group.
Contact person: Dr. Dan Secrieru, Research group leader
Address: 23, Dimitrie Onciul - 024053 BUCHAREST - Romania,
Phone: + 40212522594
Fax: +40212522594
Website:www.geoecomar.ro
1) Department of Geology and Sedimentology part of NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MARINE GEOLOGY
AND GEOECOLOGY - GEOECOMAR
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GeoEcoMar is a governmental research-development institution, coordinated by the Romanian Agency for
Science and Innovation with 105 scientific and technical personnel working in Bucharest and in a branch in
Constanta.
The scientific departments are: Marine Geology and Sedimentology Laboratory, Laboratory for Seismoacoustics and Physics of the Sea, Marine Gravimetry and Magnetometry Laboratory,
Laboratory of
Marine Geo-ecology and Biogeochemistry, GIS and DataBases Group.
Contact person: Dr. Silviu Radan, Research group leader
Phone: + 40212094983, Fax: +40212522594
2) Seismo-acoustics GIS and Digital Cartography Laboratory - NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MARINE
GEOLOGY AND GEOECOLOGY - GEOECOMAR
Contact person: Gabriel Ion – Head of Seismo-Acoustics, Gis and Digital
Phone: + 40212094982
Fax: +40212522594
3) Department of Building Services – Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture – Politehnica
University of Timisoara
Contact person: Adrian Retezan -Research Group Leader
Address: 2, Traian Lalescu, 300223, Timisoara -Romania,
Phone: +40-256-403991
Fax: +40-256-403987
Phone: +40-744777729, Fax: +40-21-2241030
http://www.ici.ro/ici/organizare/edep09.html
5) Power Engineering and Enviromental Systems – Politehnica University of Bucharest
The Power Engineering Faculty has been founded in 1950, being now the largest in the country among
other eight similar faculties. During its half-century activity, the Power Engineering Faculty (PEF)
continuously shaped its training system, according to the needs of modern power engineering and to its
environmental and economical aspects.
Contact person: Tiberiu Apostol – Research Group Leader
Address: 313, Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-744-306966
Fax: +40-21-4029675
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http://www.pub.ro/English/Faculties/energ.htm
6) Knitting & Ready Made Clothes Department – Technical University “Gh. Asachi” Iasi
Contact person: Carmen Loghin – Associate Professor
Address: 53, D. Mangeron, 700050, Iasi – Romania,
Phone: +40-232278683
Fax: +40-232-278683
7) Education – National Centre of Studies in Family Medicine
Contact person: Dr. Iuliana Popa – Research Group Leader
Phone: +40-232-274955
Fax: +40-232-274955
Romania.
Contact person: Szel Alexandru, Researcher, engineer
Phone: +40-259-239251
Fax: +40-259-231306
Website: www.informaticaoradea.ro
•
Government Policy; Related National and EU projects in which your country is participating
Governmental programs:
MENER programme – Environment, energy and resources, part of the National Plan for R&D and
Innovation, financed by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research
1) Danube Delta Institute for Research & Development-Tulcea
Address:165, Babadag Street, 820112 Tulcea, Romania
Phone : + (40- 240) 531520/ 524546
Fax : + (40- 240) 533547
Website:www.indd.tim.ro
The project Land Cover Romania, financed by Phare Programme, started in 1994 within the framework of
the CORINE programme (Coordination of information on the environment).
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The Romanian Ministry of Water and Environmental Protection as National Focal Point and co-financing
organization has appointed the Danube Delta National Institute ( DDNI) as National Reference Centre
(NRC) for conducting the Romanian part of the CLC 2000 inventory.
The information obtained within the project, as digitized land cover maps at 1:100 000 scale for the year
1990 and 2000 and for whole Romanian territory represents a reference data set for spatial and territorial
analysis for different territorial levels.
Corine Land Cover database provide the support for creation of Romanian hydrological network in GIS
format and for assessment of land use upstream the hydrological monitoring stations of Romanian rivers in
order to implement the monitoring and information network EUROWATERNET program designed by the
European Topic Centre on Inland Waters (ETC/IW). It also provided useful basic information for the
development of the project “National grassland inventory – Romania”) that is an integrated part of a PanEuropean programme, for grassland inventory, dealing with their protection, conservation and
management process, in the framework of EU regulations (SAPARD).
The CLC2000 data base is also requested in some national research projects in the framework of
implementation of biodiversity convention, habitat and birds directive (NATURA2000). Integration of the
national CLC database to the European CLC database will provide the bases for spatial analysis at
European level.
2) ICIM - The National Research-Development Institute for Environmental Protection
Spl. Independentei no 294, sector 6, Bucharest 78, cod 060031
ROMANIA
Phone: (40-1) 318 20 10 / 318 20 57; Fax: (40-1) 318 20 01
Implemented projects:
- The Environmental Information System and Data Management: - project on environmental
indicators for Romania in 1999, from local level to national level.
- PHARE - CORINAIR PROGRAM - Management of a national network of information on pollutants
emission into the atmosphere.
- Monitoring air quality at national and local level, project financed under MENER – national C&D
progamme for environment and energy
3) IPA CIFATT, Institute for Automation Engineering
Craiova, Romania,
Phone: +40-51-418882
Email: [email protected]
IPA CIFATT Craiova is involved in two European projects related with the development of regional
environmental monitoring centers.
The heart of each centre is a real time system for monitoring and detection of noxis, for prognosis and
assisted decisions based on information about factors of industrial risks and meteorological conditions. The
system will use fuzzy methods and neural networks for decisions and data mining for data analysis.
The development of the centers is done within two EU-cooperation projects: the INCOT and the MONITOR
and they will be used by the Agencies of Civil Protection and Environment Protection in Romania in the
Oltenia, Iasi, Arges regions.
4) BITNET Cluj, Romania
BITNET CCSS / Public Communication Office:
Ady Endre 24, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Contact person: Octavian Cristea (Mr.), Director
Fax: +40-264-595040
Mobile: +40-722-859286
Website:www.bitnet.info
Projects implemented by BITNET:
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TELSAT: A joint research project targeting the development of a facility that will disseminate through a
satellite platform regional real-time data concerning vegetation indexes and meteo. The project will be
supported
through
the
Romanian
AEROSPACE
program
and
private
companies.
STATUS: contracted in October 2003.
STAR: A contracted joint research project focused on the development of a highly automatic facility for
real-time monitoring Romania’s environment through satellites belonging to the North American Earth
Observing System and the future European GMES.
Agricultural Pollution Control GEF Project
The Agricultural Pollution Control Project for Romania aims to increase significantly the use of
environment-friendly agricultural practices in the project area and thereby reduce nutrient discharge from
agricultural sources in Romania to the Danube River and Black Sea. There are three main components.
The first has four sub-components: it 1) provides incentives for the installation of improved manure storage
facilities and equipment for manure collection and application in the seven comunas; 2) promotes the
adoption of better agricultural practices to improve agricultural production while reducing nutrient discharge
pollution for agriculture; 3) develops and supports a specific land use management plan for the BoianuSticleanu Polder and ecological restoration of the Calderasi-Raul Polder; and 4) strengthens capacity in
Calarasi Judet and the public health directorate to monitor soil and water quality and environmental
impacts. The second component strengthens national policy and regulatory capacity. The third component
finances a broad public information campaign of the project's activities and benefits at the local, national,
and regional levels to achieve replicability of project interventions.**
Implementing Agency - MINISTRY OF WATERS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Closing Date - 30-JUN-2007
Forest Development Project
The Forest Development Project will improve the environmentally sustainable management of the State
and private forests, in an effort to increase benefits to the national, and rural economies, derived from the
country's forest resources. To this end, project components will: 1) Establish new systems to ensure
sustainable management of private forest lands, by strengthening the Department of Forests, specifically,
the Forest Inspectorate and Support Service within the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forests (MAFF).
Supervisory, regulatory, and monitoring activities in forest management, will be supported, as will the
provision of extension, and advisory services. Furthermore, support will be provided for the development of
national, and local associations of private forest owners, which includes assistance for business
development plans, service delivery, and capacity building in financial, and procurement management. In
addition, a national forest management information, and monitoring system will be established to integrate
cadastre, forest inventory, and biodiversity data. 2) Mitigate the State's forests management restitution, and
its consequences, by supporting reform, and strategic development of the National Forest Administration,
and, through the rehabilitation, and extension of the forest road network. 3) Support the increased
productivity, and competitiveness of forest industries, through the establishment of the Forest Sector
Business Information Center, to coordinate, and assist timber, and related forest industries. 4) Build public
support for sustainable forest management, through public awareness campaigns. 5) Support project
management, and financial activities, and oversee monitoring and evaluation aspects.**
Implementing Agency - MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND FORESTS
Closing Date - 30-JUN-2009
Mine Closure, Environment & Socio-Economic Regeneration Project
The Romania Mine Closure, Environmental and Scio-Economic Regeneration Project aims to strengthen
the Government's ability to undertake mining sector reform by (1) building the capacity of the Ministry of
Economy and Commerce for closing uneconomic mining enterprises through support for closing complex
mines and ancillary enterprises in an environmentally sustainable manner; and (2) providing support to the
National Agency for Development and Implementation Reconstruction Programs for the Mining Regions,
local communities, and other agencies for community-based planning and socio-economic regeneration of
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the mining regions. The project consists of two components: Component A, Mine Closure and Environment
Improvements, and Component B, Socio-Economic Regeneration of Mining Communities.**
Implementing Agency - MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND COMMERCE
Closing Date: 31-MAY-2010
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.3.5 – ICT for organisations and work
•
The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; Relevant statistics and economic
indicators
As part of the National Electronic System, launched in 2003, there is functioning the Electronic Systems
for the payment of local taxes.
Current stage: 59 cities have implemented electronic payment systems, another 17 having functional
information systems and payment systems in process. These systems are presently reaching the 4th level
of e-government interaction, which allows the connection/integration between information systems from the
banks and city hall.
Based on the National strategy for passing to the New Economy and implementing of the National
Electronic System, drawn up by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, there
have launched some e-government projects which offers public services through electronic means.
These projects are available for public in the frame of e-government Centre inside of Ministry of
Communication and Information Technology. The projects e-government are:
The National Electronic System
Electronic system for public procurement - This project assures the transparency of the procedures for
the participants to the auctions, it offers the efficiency of the public funds expenditure, the simplifying of the
participation procedure to the auctions, it offers standard working procedures for procuring agencies, it
deliver public information about the public procurement processes, it sets up fast auditing mechanisms of
the public procurement processes, it encourages the development of e-commerce. Otherwise, site www.elicitatie.ro has an international recognition, being considered best practice in the field of e-government.
Present stage:
• saving medium percentage of: 22%
• saving achieved until now: 80 mil Euro
• transactions concluded in system of e-licitatie: 280000
• 10000 applications for registered in system;
• 1068 contracting authorities;
• over 80 categories of dealing products;
• 10 National Health Programmes unfolded through SEAP;
• 496 auctions finalized in the health field.
Electronic System for assigning of the international transport authorisations (SIAE)
www.autorizatiiauto.ro simplifying and fastening the process for getting of transport authorization, and
through its transparency restrict the possibility of corruption
Present stage:
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•
•
1698 transporters have digital certifications for authetification;
about 96231 electronic authorizations allocated.
Participation of Romania to EU Programmes:
• E-Ten is an EU programme, which supports the development of electronic services (eservices).
The programme promotes the public interest services that create the opportunity for every citizen, company
or administration to benefit from the advantages of the information society.
The programme started in 2003 and will close in 2006 with a total budget of 172.5 million euros. During the
2003 call for proposals there were registered over 1000 participants from 27 countries. The budget for the
2004 eTEN programme is of approximately 43 million euros.
Two Romanian applications have already been registered at the European Commission and other
companies have requested MCTI counselling services in order to prepare their applications.
Similar to other EU programmes, participation to eTEN is subject to the obligatory rule of the collaboration
with other partners from another country associated to the programme. Up to now, ten foreign firms are
interested in collaboration with Romanian companies within the framework of eTEN programme.
On June 2, 2004 the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology has organized „e-TEN
Informing Day in Romania”. John Beale, Project Officer from the European Commission, has participated to
this training session.
In order to offer protection to Information Society services providers and consumers, to consolidate the
trust of companies in the use of electronic means and to respect the regulations in force, MCTI has initiated
actions for preventing and fighting against cyber crimes, as follows:
• Creating the „Abuzuri.ro” web page on the MCTI website which allows the interested persons to
send notifications regarding:
- the use of personal identification data in order to access certain services, without the user’s prior
consent;
- the delivering unsolicited commercial messages (without the consent of the receiver);
- the deliberate and repeated transmission of virus infected messages;
- unauthorized actions of data monitoring and storage;
- the violation of the copyright and of the industrial property right;
- blocking services or a server through DoS (Denial of Service) attacks.
• Introducing the [email protected] for the notification of the cyber crimes.
• Establishing the Security Incidents Response and Expertise Centre (CERIS). Security Incidents
Response and Expertise Centre (CERIS), launched at the end of 2003, is the place where IT staff
within organizations could call for receiving guidance and solutions in IT security events they deal
with. Services delivered by this centre will be in the field of protection means of systems against to
potential problems, helping to anticipating incidents as well as to solve them. Having in view an
affiliation of the centre to the international network of similar centres, in SPAS system space.
• Drawing up eFrauda.ro portal for reporting on line of the electronic frauds. Through functioning of
this electronic centre it follows the suppliers and consumers protection of services of informatics
companies, respecting the regulations, diminishing the bureaucracy, preventing and combating
informatics crimes, protecting the copy rights, growth the transparency in relation citizen – public
administration. Portal users can find a special agency, they can consult the instructions for filling
the application form, and they can fill and send the application form in electronic mean to
answerably agency for providing of services.
Other projects:
•
eMarket
Electronic System for Public Acquisitions for Standard Products – www.e-licitatie.ro
The system was launched on March, 2002. The project provides an effective way to save both the time of
involved users and public money, also eliminating the bureaucracy and lowering the corruption. The system
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has more than 1,800 registered users with digital certificate. Until now, more than 19,000 auctions have
been closed in the system, issuing an average cost reductions to public acquisitions of 20%.
The Electronic System for Public Acquisitions was launched on March 4th, 2002, with 159 public authorities
using the system, for 7 categories of goods. Today, 1050 governmental agencies and over 8000 providers
have asked to use the system, there are 80 categories of goods involved, comprising thousands of
individual products, and the results are 75 million euro savings and over 250 000 closed transactions.
Interactivity level: The eMarket system recognizes 3 sorts of users: buyers (Acquiring Agencies), sellers
(suppliers) and administrators, each of them with specific rights and personalized pages. The system
allows a two-way online interaction with the users and a good response time.
•
e-Banking
Twenty banks in Romania have acquired at least one type of authorization from the Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology for 27 distance access payment instruments of various types.
The Ministry issued 12-month valid licenses in order to monitor how the banks used this instrument.
Long distance access payment instruments usage:
2
12
Home banking
Internet banking
17
Mobile Banking
In the first three trimesters of the year 2004, 22 banks used 29 Internet banking or home banking
instruments. 32.869 users performed 5.574.386 transactions through long distance access payment
instruments. The value of transactions in lei exceeded 700 thousand billion, and those in foreign currency
6, 9 billion euro (6).
• Junior Achievement Romania is part of Junior Achievement Worldwide, US and Junior
Achievement –Young Enterprise Europe
Junior Achievement is active in 112 countries worldwide. Local, regional and multinational companies
recognize the need for market economics education and support the quality of the Junior Achievement
programs.
Junior Achievement-Young Enterprise programs have been offered in Romania since 1993. All programs
have been translated and adapted, are available in Romanian and are implemented according to the
agreement signed with the Romanian Ministry of Education, Research and Youth.
More than 250,000 students attended JA-YE programs till 2003. JA Romania strategic plan, ACCESS
TO SUCCESS, is to reach at least one of four Romanian students by 2005. JA Romania provides training,
materials, service and technical support to the schools that have chosen to implement JA programs as
optional curriculum. Romanian JA students benefit of “Junior Achievers” scholarships and participate every
year at International Student Conferences, Contests and Trade Fairs.
The mission of JA Romania is to serve all schools that develop and implement economic education
programs for young people through a partnership between business and education. JA programs are
helping students to gain an understanding of:
- The importance of market-driven economies
- The role of business in a global economy
- The commitment of business to environmental and social issues
- The commitment of business to operate in an ethical manner
- The relevance of education in the workplace
- The impact of economics on their future
JA programs currently running in Romania:
- A,b,c- economy : - Me and My World (Elementary School Programs) Ourselves, Our Families,
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Our Community, Our City
- ABC of Business (Middle Grade Programs) Personal Economics, Enterprise in Action
- d-economy: - Business World (High School and University Programs) Student Company,
Applied Economics, Business Ethics, Stock Market
- Connections (High School and University Programs) Success Skills, Workplace Internships, To be
leader!
- Business Class (Programs in English) GLOBE, Student Company, YE Cambridge Examination,
- Fundamentals of Market Economy (University & Adults Programs)
- Economics for Leaders (University & Adults Programmes) My Money Business
- e-economy: - Management and Strategy Games, CAPS (Middle Grade Programs), MESE,
BIA (High School and University Programs) SMG (High School and University Programs)
National Agency for SME and Co-operatives initiated and unfolded the following programmes:
Programme for the development of the entrepreneurial abilities among young people and for facilitating the
access of these to financing – Youth and business – START
Objective: promotion of a training system which will facilitate the mobility of the young between the
educational system and the labour market, as well as the development of the entrepreneurial skills of the
young in order to get the young people in contact with the private economic organizations, which
represents a priority of the National Action Plan for Youth in Romania. The Programme has 2 phases:
Phase I – organization and development of entrepreneurial training courses for the Programme
beneficiaries;
Phase II – financing the first selected 100 business plans, through granting microcredits in very good
conditions, by the Romanian Commercial Bank, according to the credit conditions specified.
The entrepreneurial training courses will take place in: Bucharest, Brasov, Constanta, Craiova, Iasi
and Timisoara. These entrepreneurial training courses will be organized on modulus. These courses will
result in elaborating a business plan by each eligible beneficiary, in a period of 10 days from the end of the
course. Through these courses 600 young people (possible entrepreneurs) will get trained.
(Contact person: Carmen TRIFU, Expert, Department for Elaboration, Implementation and Monitoring
Programmes for SMEs and International Co-operation, phone: +4021-3361467, fax: +4021-3361843, email: [email protected])
• The Fair for the SMEs –TIMM 2003 “Start and performance”, both at national level in Bucharest and also
at regional level in 5 most important and representatives cities from the country: Piatra –
Neamt, Brasov, Deva, Timisoara, Cluj–Napoca, being held in collaboration with German Society for
Cooperation, through Program IBD/WBF, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania and
Bucharest, county prefectures, and territorial Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Romexpo and SC
Promotion Company (the procedure of this programme was approved by order no. 114/26.05.2003 ).
The TIMM objective was to promote the entrepreneurial spirit and employment in the SMEs sector.
The target segment of this fair was represented by the already established SMEs, the persons that
have business initiatives and ideas and who are looking technical and financial support and means to
achieve them.
NASMEC has supported the regional editions with information and promotion materials about the fair and
the programmes for supporting the SMEs, unfolded by the Agency (brochures – Financial
Programmes for SMEs, The Guide for Young Entrepreneur, Business Plan, leaflet and personalized
posters for each edition). The financial contribution for each regional edition was of 89.726.000 ROL
(2.000 EUR + VAT)
The services categories offered by the participants within 2003 TIMM fair were: financial and banking
activities, insurance, leasing, investments funds, education and professional training, legal and economic
consultancy, accountancy, labour employment, ITC, publicity and advertising, office furniture and
accessories, specialized printing houses, courier services, real estate, transport and deposit services,
protection equipment, other institutions (Indicators: 300 exhibitors, 197 events: seminars, workshops, round
tables, 21.900 visitors).
At the second edition of the National SMEs Top, 63 SMEs were awarded.
In 2004, the TIMM fair was organized at Piatra –Neamt (17-19 June 2004) and Cluj –Napoca (15-17
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September 2004); the next edition will be organized at Bucharest (21-23 October 2004). This event is
organized according to the President Order of NASMEC No. 143/2004. The main objectives are:
promoting the entrepreneurial spirit and labour employment in the field of SMEs, this fair being a way of
stimulating business development in the private sector and facilitating the contacts between the SMEs and
firms that offer a varied range of services for this sector. The present exhibitors are firms, public and private
institutions that offer services for start up and develop a business, mainly regarding legal and economic
consulting, marketing, financial, insurance and leasing activities, education and professional training, as
well as a series of specific products and services, needed for the good operation of each firm: office
supplies, information and communication technologies etc.
The particularity of this event is the organization of interactive events: seminars, round tables, work
shops regarding start-up, business development, staff training, all these by the participation of public and
private institutions representatives from the country and also from international organizations interested in
the development of the SMEs sector in Romania.
(Contact person: Mr. Ciprian Mihalceanu, Department of Elaborating, Implementing and Monitoring
Programmes for SMEs and International Cooperation, tel.: 004021-3361467, fax: 0040213361843,
Email:[email protected])
• NASMEC has continued to develop EMPRETEC programme, as partner of United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and co-financing body of the program.
EMPRETEC is an international program for developing and supporting the entrepreneurs that unfold the
activity under the aegis of UNCTAD.
Romania is the first country in Europe where the programme is put into place.
The programme is aimed to: identifying potential entrepreneurs, developing their abilities and business
potential, providing support and quality consulting services for increasing productivity and growth,
development of modern business methods, encouraging exchange of experience and developing business
relationships both locally and internationally, establishing partnerships with foreign companies, export
development.
In 2003, the programme has been focused mainly on the following components:
•
Business Development – 32 actual and potential entrepreneurs benefited by consulting services in
fields such as: financial management, quality, market opportunities, human resources, market studies,
and information technology.
Financing - 21 of EMPRETEC trainees have been supported in acceding the financing sources. 12 of them
have finally obtained the necessary funds for their businesses development (8 trainees) and for starting up
a new business (4 trainees).
Export – the Lombardia Region – Italia, has financed the courses. They were developed in partnership with
the Italian company Co. Export and the Foreign Trade Promotion Centre of the National Association of
Romanian Exporters and Importers (ANEIR).
Four courses and tutoring meetings have been held in the following periods: 14-30 July 2003, 8-26
July 2003, 8-26 September, 3-21 November 2003, 8-12 December 2003. 117 persons, out of which 66
women and 51 men, both business owners and employees with firms having export potential, have
attended these courses. 30% of the trainees were from Bucharest, 70% were from outside Bucharest;
111 persons finalized export business plans.
In the first 9 months of 2004, the following activities were unfolded within the Empretec programme:
planning and publicity for 6 seminars „Entrepreneurial Training Workshop” in Bucharest (3), Timisoara (2),
Piatra Neamţ (1) intend to train at least 120 persons.; two seminars have already been taken place, in
Bucharest (19–31.01.2004 and respectively 21.06–02.07.2004), Timisoara (15–26.03.2004) and Piatra
Neamt, by which 90 persons were trained.
At the present, the registration, evaluation and selection of potential participants for the next 4 seminars
take place.
(Contact person: Florin Roşu, Deputy Director, Strategies and Policies for SMEs and European
Integration Department, phone: +4021-336.14.51; fax: +4021-3361843, e-mail: [email protected])
NASMEC web site as well as web site Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania has pages
regarding „Business Opportunities”. These sites could be access by Romanian or foreign
entrepreneurs/investors.
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In 2003, it has been launched on web site of Euro Info Centres Romanian the page “Business
Opportunities in context of enlargement of EU”. This web site contains general information, useful for
businessmen as well as data with business opportunities and financing sources.
Euro Info Network Romania organizes trainings regarding e-commerce, European standards, quality
certification, project management, quality management models, export in EU.
- Most of SMEs use their web site for promotion their business, due to low costs and information circulation
rapidity to potential customers or business partners.
There is not an evaluation of the turning degree by SMEs of supporting services in electronic means but
one can appreciated the growth of interest for training of SMEs personnel in this field.
NASMEC in accordance with „Governmental Strategy for Supporting SMEs development during 2004
- 2008” will unfold the following programmes:
- Programme regarding intensifying the focus measures for awareness and training in the field
of communication and IT.
- Programmes regarding encouraging and promotion of success e-business models;
- Programmes regarding promotion of e-commerce within SMEs and facilitating their access to European
electronic network.
•
The National Multi-annual Programme for Establishment and Development of Business
Incubators in Romania:
• It was adopted the GD no. 173/2004 (OJ no.193/03.04.2004) regarding the approval of
Memorandum of Understanding and the Cost-sharing Agreement between The National Agency for
Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and Cooperatives in Romania and The United Nations
Development Programme in Romania regarding the Multi-Annual National Programme covering the
period 2002-2005 for the establishment and the development of Business Incubators.
It was adopted GD no.1232/2004 regarding the approval of Protocol between The National Agency for
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Cooperatives in Romania and The United Nations
Development Programme, signed in Bucharest on April 23, 2004 for modification of Memorandum of
Understanding between The National Agency for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises And
Cooperatives In Romania and The United Nations Development Programme on the 2002-2005 MultiAnnual National Programme for the establishment and development of business incubators and of the
Cost-Sharing Agreement between the National Agency For Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and
Cooperatives in Romania and the United Nations Development Programme, signed on October 14, 2003 in
Bucharest and approved by the Government Decision no. 173/2004, published in the Official Gazette no.
193 on March 4, 2004
The project will start with a pilot phase, by means of establishing Business Incubators (BI) in:
Hunedoara, Brasov and Alba. The project will be expanding in the next years in the counties of Iasi
and Dolj.
The development objective of the project is to contribute to fostering sustainable livelihoods in Romania
through SME development and job creation. The project will achieve this by establishing new Business
Incubators in Romania that will provide subsidized support services to SMEs.
The expected impact of the network of Business Incubators to be created and made operational in
Romania is as follows:
- Establishing and developing innovating SMEs, able to efficiently utilise existing resources in
the research and technology system and create jobs;
- Developing efficient relations between the technological and entrepreneurship potential;
- Using the results in research and technology for business development;
- Improving access of incubated SMES to business information, consultancy, financing sources, as well as
specific research services and equipment;
- Increasing the number of jobs and economic development in the target areas;
- Using the facilities, human resources and materials existing in the area;
- Correlating the activity of the incubator with those of the existing enterprises in the area, by either
supplying products, or utilising their products.
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The following initiatives of Ministry of Communication and Information Technology will ensure the
development of a more powerful and more efficient representation of the enterprises interests at national
level and at the European Union level:
- Portal for the access to e-government services. This project consists in having a “one-stopshop”
portal, which ensures the access to the e-government services, as well as the exchange of information and
documents in electronic form between the governmental institutions.
- The development of the electronic system of collecting the statistical data for the institutions of the central
and local administration and increasing the quality of this data for a better information and dissemination of
those data among the public opinion and the reducing of the budgetary costs of the statistical research.
- Launching the project “Transparency in the administration and promoting the information and
public services by electronic means” aimed at improving the access to information and services offered
by the public administration, the quality of this information and the decreasing of bureaucracy by
simplification of the working procedures.
- Elaboration and updating the National Strategy for Transition to the New Economy and the
Implementation of the Information Society in Romania are based on the consultation between
the representatives of the public sector and the private sector, academic environment
Source – European Charter for Small Enterprizes 2004 – National Report– Romania
•
Address: 20, Universitatii - 332006 Petrosani – Romania
Phone: +40254546112
Fax: +40254543491
Website:www.upet.ro
Address: 13, Al.I. CUZA - 200585 Craiova – Romania
Phone: + 40251413844
Fax: +40251418803
technologies. We also offer continous education in our Education Department and through our centers.
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Phone: +40256403005
Fax: +40256403028
Website:www.utt.ro
Phone: +40258806270
Fax: +40258806260
Website:www.uab.ro
5) Ovidius University of Constanta
Ovidius University has 9 faculties and 2 colleges with 36 specializations in medicine, engineering, sciences,
economics. More than 12000 students are included in the academic programs and the academic staff has
almost 700 persons.
Contact person: Constantin Popa, Scientific Director
Address: 124, Blvd. Mamaia - 900527 Constanta - Romania,
Phone: +40241618070
Fax: +40241618372
Website:www.univ-ovidius.ro
capable of adjusting, open to innovation, competitivity and change.
Phone: +40256277060
Fax: +40256200296
Website:www.usab-tm.ro
communication network (radio communications, radio diffusion, telephony, telegraphs, and data
transmissions). Testing for authorisation and certifications of communications utilised products; expertise’s.
Studies regarding: frequency spectre administration and new telematic and diffusion services for the
satellite communications updating. Develops single and small series of equipment for telecommunication
and devices for postal mechanisms.
Phone: +40213189571
Fax: +40213189575
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Website:www.inscc.ro
8) ”Petru Maior” University
University “Petru Maior” delivers long and short term academic programs and has 16 research
departments.
Contact person: Klein Viorica, responsible of research management in the university
Address: 1, N. Iorga - 540 088 Targu Mures - Romania,
Phone: +40265211838
Fax: +40265262275
Website:www.uttgm.ro
9) Romanian-American University
The Romanian American University was founded in 1991 and is specialized in marketing, management,
law, tourism and banking
Contact person: Maria Moise, Vice President with research activity
Address: 1, Expozitiei - 012101 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40212029504
Fax: +40212223566
Website:www.rau.ro
Address: 39, Bd. Bucuresti - 100680 Ploiesti - Romania, Phone: +40244575059, Fax: +40244575847
Website:www.upg-ploiesti.ro
11) University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca
Contact person: Adrian Mircea – Vice-Rector
Address: 13, Emil Isac Str., 400023, Cluj-Napoca – Romania,
Phone: +40-264-597256,
Fax: +40264-597257
12) MINESA – Mining Research and Design Institute
R&D regarding non metallic and salt exploitation, preparing and capitalisation; mechanical researches for
geo technical rocks, chemical - physical rocks and salt mineralogy, non metallic and useful rocks; develops
technical and execution documentation's for equipment's, installations and mining devices.
Contact person: Emil Gherman – Senior Researcher
Address: 15, Tudor Vladimirescu Str., 400225, Cluj-Napoca – Romania
http://www.mct.ro/web/2/institute/domCD/C-MIN.HTM
13) National Institute for R&D in Informatics
National Institute for R&D in Informatics has over 30 years of tradition in Romanian Informatics and it
represents the most important R&D and innovating center in Communication and Information Technologies
in Romania.
Contact person: Florin Hartescu – Director of Complex Real Time System Excellence Centre
Address: 8, Maresal Averescu Blvd., 011455, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-744-777553
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Fax: +40-21-3160539
E-mail:[email protected]
http://www.district1.ro/manual%20ITS/RO/ici.htm
companies.
Address: 2, Octavian Goga Blvd., 030982, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-722572108
Fax: +40-21-3190159
Website:www.ccir.ro
15) International Multimedia Institut
International Multimedia Institut is a center of IT professional training competences and multimedia web
services. Its entire development is based on innovative politics made to fulfillthe needs of a modern society.
It contributes to the challenging economical and intellectual life of Hunedoara County, as well to upraise
this experience all over the country.
Contact person: Daniela Mihet – Managing Director
Phone: +40-254-206211
Fax: +40-254-206210
Website:www.iim.ro
16) Universitatea din Oradea
The University of Oradea accommodates 18 faculties with a total of 105 fields of study (long-term and
short-term university education) and 165 post-university specializations. The headquarters of the
International Academy of Cybernetics "Stefan Odobleja" (invitation 2004) can also be found here, at the
University of Oradea.
Contact person: Rodica Deac – FP6 Institutional Contact Point
Address: 5, Armatei Romane, 410087, Oradea – Romania,
Phone: +40-259-408215
Fax: +40-259-408216
Website:www.uoradea.ro
17) Eftimie Murgu University
The value and the good name of “Eftimie Murgu University” are results of the very severe selection of
professors and students, the profound and complex bounds with industry and and the socio-economic
enviroment at local and national level.
Contact person: Mirela Minica – Scientific Director
Address: 1, Traian Vuia Str., 320085, Resita – Romania
Website:www.uem.ro
18) Tibiscus University of Timisoara
Founded in 1991, sustained by Augusta Foundation Union, Tibiscus University of Timisoara is working
following the structure of European Universities, having as a mission forming and promoting the cultural
and human civilisation values, science development and it’s application.
Contact person: Laurentiu Dan Lacrama – Head of Computer Science Department
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Address: 1, Daliei Str., 300558, Timisoara – Romania,
Phone: +40-256-203658
Fax: +40-256-203658
Website:www.tibiscus.ro
19) Dragan European University of Lugoj
Contact person: Nicu Trandafir – Rector
Address: 2, Ion Huniade Str., 305500, Lugoj – Romania,
Phone: +40-256-359198
Fax: +40-256-359198
Website:www.deu.ro
RTD Labs
1) Textile Chemical Processing and Enviroment Protection Department – R&D National Institute for
Textile and Leather
The Research-Development National Institute for Textile and Leather was founded in 1996, by fusion of
The Textile Research Institute and of The Shoes&Leather Research Institute.
Contact person: Alina Popescu – Research Group Leader
Address: 16, Lucretiu Patrascanu, 030508, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-3402000
Fax: +40-21-3405515
Website:www.certex.ro
2) R&D Manufacture Department for Textile Apparate, Devices and Machine – R&D National Institute
for Textile and Leather
Contact person: Radu Radulescu – Research Group Leader
Address: 16, Lucretiu Patrascanu, 030508, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-3404928
Fax: +40-21-3405515
3) Faculty of Electromechanical Engineering- Faculty of Electromechanics – University of Craiova
The Faculty of Electromechanics represents the base of the Electromechanical universitary education in
Romania, being the bigger and the oldest institution with this profile and coordonating the educational plans
for this sector.
Contact person: Dr. Alexandru Bitoleanu – Dean
Address: 105, Decebal Blvd., 200440, Craiova, Romania
Phone: +40-251-435255
Fax: +40-251-435255
http://em.ucv.ro
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Phone: +40-744777729
Fax: +40-21-2241030
5) Informatics and Automatisation Research Department – R&D National Institute for Textile and
Leather
The Research-Development National Institute for Textile and Leather was founded in 1996, by fusion of
The Textile Research Institute and of The Shoes&Leather Research Institute.
Contact person: Mihai Stan – Research Group Leader
Address: 16, Lucretiu Patrascanu, 030508, Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40-21-3404928
Fax: +40-21-3405515
6) Data Processing and Security Research Centre – Technical University of Cluj-Napoca
The Research Centre was established in 2000, relying on professional experience of a group of professors,
engineers and mathematicians, from Electronics and Telecommunications and Computer Science
Faculties. In May 2002, the Center acquires national certification from the Ministry of Education and
Research.
Contact person: Monica Elena Borda – Managing Director
Address: 15, C. Daicoviciu, 400020, Cluj-Napoca Romania,
Phone: +40-264-401575
Fax: +40+264-401575
Website:http://ares.utcluj.ro/
1) SC SIVECO Romania SA
SIVECO is one of the most important providers and software integrators of ERP, eLearning, eHealth,
eBusiness, eGovernment global solutions and turnkey projects from Romania. Due to its geographical
position and its multi-lingual facilities, SIVECO Romania can offer IT solutions for international markets.
Contact person: Lucretia Maiorescu, Director other
Address: 8, Maresal Averescu - 011455 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40212242577
Fax: +40212244108
Website:www.siveco.ro
RTD provider
Address: 121, Tepes Voda - 021524 Bucuresti – Romania
Phone: + 40212555731
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Fax: +40212555732
Website:www.edcgi.ro
3) SC COMMON SRL
COMMON is a hardware & software provider and offer a range of network services and Internet access.
Contact person: Nicusor Moise, Managing director
Address: 15, Barbu Vacarescu - 020271 Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: + 40212107976
Fax: +40212103905
Website:www.common.ro
Supplier
4) DotCommerce LTD
Phone: + 40213150215
Fax: +40213150215
RTD provider
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
Website:www.onlinesolutions.ro
RTD user
6) Alfa Global Solutions
AGS was founded in 1997 and is headquartered in Cluj-Napoca. AGS offers IT software services
specialized in development, testing and technical support. We know that for our partners and clients,
success means: lower costs, outstanding services and excellent solutions. Therefore we are here with the
best offshore outsourcing experiences.
Contact person: Oana Bunau, Marketing Assistant
Address: 134, Calea Turzii - 400501 Cluj-Napoca - Romania,
Phone: +40264429026
Fax: +40264429027
Website:www.ags.ro
Supplier
7) WSA Pacific GeoTech IT Services SRL
Contact person: Anton Lang, Managing director
Address: 13, Str. 13 Decembrie - 500173 Brasov – Romania
Phone: +40368401390
Fax: +40368401391
Website:www.pacificgeotech.com / www.fuelplus.de
RTD provider
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8) METROUL SA
Metroul SA is a design & consultancy company. The services offered are design, research and engineering
and consultancy for construction investment projects.
Due to its numerous specialists and its scope of activities, Metroul has been co-opted as a member in
numerous Romanian and international associations, as follows: International Association of Public
Transport - associated member class I since May 1996; Cooperation for the Continuing Development of
Urban and Suburban Tranportation - member in the 3rd college since April 1999; International Tunnelling
Association - affiliated through the Romanian Tunnelling Association.
Contact person: Bogdan Spiridon, Business Development Manager
Address: 3, Gutenberg - 050027 Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40213157784
Fax: +40213124335
Website:www.metroul.ro
9) HoliSun srl
Address: 12, Bd. Traian - 430212 Baia Mare – Romania
Phone: +40262226778
Fax: +40262226778
Website:www.holisun.com
10) Associations of Telecommunications Engineeres from Romania
Founded on February 24th 2003, by a group that includes well-known personalities in the Romanian
communications industry, the Association aims at representing and supporting the interests of Romanian
experts on national as well as international level, to initiate partnerships for country-wide and pan-European
projects, to offer consultancy and training for telecommunications employees development, in a few words,
to promote science and technology development, and close cooperation within the communications
industry.
Contact person: Maiorescu Lucretia, General Secretary
Address: 3, Spatiului - 011565 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40766505820
Fax: +40212244108
Website:www.aitr.ro
RTD user
11) CG&GC IT&C
The company was born in 1990 as a supplier of top IT&C equipments and services and it has rapidly grown
national. The current branches cover about 80% of the country.
In 2001, CG&GC IT SA creates a Software Division to develop professional integrated software solutions.
In 2005 the company has over 5000 clients, three departments within the software division and numerous
prizes and certificates of competence.
Contact person: Andreea Gatman, Director
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Address: 105, Oltenitei - 041303 Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40213322424
Fax: +40213322727
Website:www.cg-gc.ro
Manufacturer
12) NET CLIP
Since 1999 our experts have provided Romanian and world wide organizations with tools, information &
advices on best practice online marketing and e-commerce. Our strategies would not tell clients how to run
their businesses, but empower them to maximize and amplify the strengths they already possessed.
Fields of expertise:
• e-Consultancy & Audit
• e-Business & Internet Marketing
• Web Design and e-Communication
• DB Integration & Programming
• Web-based Applications
• Content Management Systems
• Customized Software Solutions
• Graphic Design & DTP Services
• Small & Large IT Projects Management
In our company unlimited creativity has priority in favour of the result. This applies to the idea of the project
as well as for the realization.
Contact person: Vlad Dulea, Managing director
Address: 19, LOTRIOARA - 032167 Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40746382547
Fax: +40212229520
Website:www.netclip.ro
Supplier
Address: 6, Calea Motilor - 40001 Cluj-Napoca – Romania
Phone: +40264592531
Fax: +40264599584
Website:www.iquestint.com
RTD provider
Romania.
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Phone: +40-259-239251
Fax: +40-259-231306
Website:www.informaticaoradea.ro
15) Multimedia SRL
Contact person: Nicolae Sfetcu – Managing Director
Address: 84 Crisan Str., 220071, Drobeta-Turnu-Severin, Romania,
Phone: +40-745-526896
Fax: +40-252-314063
Supplier
Address: 121, Tepes Voda - 021524 Bucuresti - Romania,
Phone: + 40212555731
Fax: +40212555732
E-mail: [email protected]; Website:www.edcgi.ro
Supplier
Address: 27 Magura Vulturului Str., 021701, Bucharest-Romania,
Phone: +40-21-2501125
Fax: +40-21-2505384
Supplier
18) Asymetrix SRL
Contact person: Mihai Horea – Chairman
Address: 1 Ostasilor Str., 400402, Cluj-Napoca – Romania,
Phone: +40-744-399418
Fax: +40-264-416992
RTD provider
Supplier
19) Soft Powers SRL
Contact person: Gabriela Paun – Director
Addess: 3 Penes Curcanu Str., 300123, Timisoara – Romania,
Phone: +40-256-406120
Fax. +40-256-406120
Website:www.softpowers.ro
Supplier
20) Associations of Telecommunications Engineers from Romania
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projects, to offer consultancy and training for telecommunications employees development, to promote
science and technology development, and close cooperation within the communications industry.
Contact person: Lucretia Maiorescu – General Secretary
Address: 3 Spatiului Str., 011565, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-766-505820
Fax: +40-21-22444108
Website: www.aitr.ro
RTD user
21) Pandora Soft
Pandora Soft is an IT society that offers informatical services, proffesional web sollutions, performant
computers, high-fidelity electronics.
Contact person: Marius Fatacean – Managing Director
Adress: 5, C-tin Brancoveanu Str., 551022, Medias – Romania,
Phone: +40-723-530844
Fax: +40-269-806812
Website: www.pandora.xro.us
Supplier
22) Crisdesign SRL
Crisdesign builds fast loading web-sites, PhP + My SQL programming. They also integrate a content
management system that makes possible the refreshment of the site by mouse clicking.
Contact person: Cristian Varvaroi – Director
Adress: 16, Hlincea Str., 700715, Iasi – Romania,
Phone: +40-724-275455
Fax: +40-232-401342
Website:www.crisdesign.ro
Supplier
23) Districtual Association of SMEs
Contact person: Mihai Manoila – Managing Director
Adress: 21, Dobosari Str., 710200, Botosani – Romania,
Phone: +40-742-543913
Fax: +40-231-516931
Manufacturer, Suppllier
24) ETTA AUTO SRL
The mission is to create a framework and a simple, fast, efficient and honest working instrument used by
those who want and can buy bearings.
By using the Internet, they developed a national virtual market, functioning on stock exchange principles,
where people wanting to do bearing business can do that openly and have a wholesome and real image of
the market status. Using this instrument, marketing costs are cut down, efficiency becomes widespread
and quality imposes itself.
Contact person: Dionisie Lefter – Chairman/Dean
Adress: 5, Orfelinatului Str., 700350, Iasi – Romania,
Phone: +40-744-501422
Fax: +40-232-218543
Supplier
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chosen solutions.The company has started its activity as an IT consultancy firm. Areas of expertise:
software development, hardware solutions, CAD solutions, communication strategies, document
management.
Address : 1, Mogososia Str., 400652, Cluj-Napoca – Romania,
Phone : +40-726-446382
Fax : +40-264-458054
Website :www.aps.ro
Supplier
26) Interglob LTD
Interglob's main
target
is
to
become
an
important
Phone : +40-21-3206905
Fax : +40-21-3206905
Supplier
27) ERANI SRL
Contact person: Costin Dorin – Administrator
Address: 31, Nordului Str., 540128, Targu-Mures – Romania,
Phone: +40-265-306690
Fax: +40-265-306692
Website:www.erani.ro
Supplier
28) PRO SYS SRL
In 1995 was founded PRO SYS Hardware, and our target was, from the very begining, to became a well
known name on the market.
Address: 108, Pache Protopopescu Blvd., 021409, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-2524232
Fax: +40-21-2524232
Website: www.prosys.ro
Supplier
Phone: +40-262-211438
Fax: +40-262-227888
Supplier
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30) Realmedia Romania
Specialised software development, databases programming, internet applications, interactive web design.
Contact person: Adrian Erimescu – Managing Director
Address: 22, Madrid Str., 300391, Timisoara – Romania,
Phone: +40-744-702061
Fax: +40-256-495294
Website: www.realmedia.ro
Supplier
31) Western Service LTD
Western Service SRL is a private company, with exclusive Romanian capital, whose objective is to provide
to customers and partner companies services at western standards, putting above all the provision of those
services and products that fully comply with the customers´ needs and add up to their professionalism,
image and profitability.
Adress: 225, Oltenitei Way, 041309, Bucharest-Romania,
Phone: +40-21-3321556
Fax: +40-21-3321557
Website: www.westernserv.com
Supplier
32) BIT SOFTWARE
Established in 1993. Since 1994 they started to develop the integrated ERP system – Socrate. Since 1997
they are part of the Dutch Profuse Holding. Since 1997 they develop CRM and Knowledge Management
systems - CC Assistant. In 1998 they have been pioneers in implementing data replication on Microsoft
technology. In 1999 they were pioneers in OLAP implementation: decisional analysis. Since 2003 they are
authorized distributors of Cordys (The Netherlands) ProClarity (SUA). We are founding members of ITComfort Institute.
Contact Person: Remus Cazacu – Managing Director
Address: 4, Zambilelor Str., 500381, Brasov – Romania,
Phone: +40-268-314446
Fax: +40-268-314447
Website: www.bitsoftware.ro
33) DACOMY
It is an Eastern-European software company with a high level of professionalism gifted with very well
trained people, ready to satisfy any European request from the IT area.
Contact person: Catalin Stef – Director
Address: 83, Popa Lupu Str., 435500, Sighetu Marmatiei – Romania,
Phone: +40-742-001383
Fax: +40-742-001383
Website: www.dacomy.ro
Supplier
34) CTTC SRL
Contact person: Adrian Tita – Management Consultant
Address: 186, Mamaia Blvd, 900540, Constanta – Romania,
Phone/Fax: +40-241-554388
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RTD provider
35) COMIS IND
Contact person: Sorin Cojocarasu – Managing director
Address: 47, Orizontului Str., 820020, Tulcea – Romania,
Phone: +40-788-393451
Fax: +40-240-513167
Supplier
36) TELEOR SOFTWARE
Contact person: Florin Dragnea – Director
Address: 3, Liviu Rebreanu Str., 031783, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-723-250121
Supplier
37) DELTA Electronic
Contact person: Vasile Ghitun
Address: 5, Libertatii Str., 401185, Turda – Romania,
Phone: +40-744-760268
Fax: +40-264-315727
Supplier
38) Neo-Soft
Contact Person: Csabai Levente – Managing Director
Address: 104, Calea Bucuresti, 500418, Brasov – Romania,
Phone: +40-744-383458
Fax: +40-268-329837
Supplier
39) Business Information Systems (BIS)
BIS company is a Romanian capital based company, offering leading edge solutions to the financial
community, based on best of the bread information technology and on its employees skills, in depth
understanding of the financial market and information technology, and ability to timely answer to market
trends with class innovative products.
Contact person: Rasvan Stanescu – Director
Address: 14, Lucretiu Patrascanu Str., 030508, Bucharest – Romania,
Phone: +40-21-2554577
Fax: +40-21-2554578
Website:www.bisnet.ro
Manufacturer, Supplier, RTD Provider
Phone: +40-722-790605
Fax : +40-254-235115
Supplier
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41) FV Agency
FV Agency is a software development company that offers a vast array of services from simple logo design
to sophisticated web site development and e-commerce solutions.
Contact person: Adrian Sofronie – Managing Director
Address: 18, Cugir Str., 300637, Timisoara – Romania,
Phone: +40-745-610212
Fax: +40-256-462689
Website: www.fv.ro
Supplier
•
Government policy
No available data
•
Relevant National and EU projects in which your country is participating
No available data
•
No available data
•
No available data
A3.3.6 – ICT for manufacturing
•
While the western economies are relying heavily on the service industry, in Romania an obsolete
manufacturing industry is still bearing the burden of Romania’s productivity. The two industries have
different implications in terms of labor force. For a high-tech, competitive, service-based economy there is a
highly skilled labor force that receives high wages/salaries. In addition this type of economy has a
customer-related culture. In manufacturing industries there is high demand for basic skills; wages are low,
and there is little need to develop communication skills. Romania excels in developing the latter, and this
will most likely have a negative impact on the development of the ICT sector.
The project “Clustering and Upgrading Romanian Automotive Suppliers” - CURAS, has been
established within the Co-operation Agreement between Romanian and Flemish Governments. It has been
approved through Government Decision no. 1243/2003. The CURAS project, started in January 2003, is
implemented by the National Agency for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and Cooperatives and CKZ
Limburg (ALLANTA) - the Flemish promoter which runs the Automotive Support and Management Centre
in Genk, and it will be developed for 24 months (January 2003-December 2004).
The project aim: consists in upgrading the quality level and the efficient utilisation of resources of SMEs in
the automotive sector. The project outcome consists in clustering of the local suppliers dealing with the
automotive sector; in this way they will be able to consolidate and even enforce their position vis-à-vis the
Romanian carmakers or their major first tier suppliers in the first place, and later on, live up the
expectations of becoming international suppliers and subcontractors.
The value of the project: 211705.43 Euro, from which 85% represents the contribution given by the Flemish
Government and 15% the Romanian Government contribution.
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In 2003, 10 representatives of the enterprises in automotive sector attended the " train the trainer" courses
in "Product Quality Management" (8-12 September 2003 – Pitesti) and " Process Quality Management" 1st part (6-12 December - Genk). At the same time they started implementing the knowledge gained in
their own enterprises. In March 2004 the 10 representatives participated to the second part of "Process
Quality Management" (15-19 March 2004, Bascov-Pitesti). In 2004, with the help of CKZ Limburg
(ALLANTA), ACAROM experts and 2 teachers from Pitesti University, it starts the dissemination of
information gained to the suppliers of the first 10 participants and to other SMEs in the auto sector (AprilOctober 2004). The dissemination is made to other (about) 40 SMEs in auto sector.
December 2004: setting-up of the cluster in the Romanian auto industry
(Contact persons: Marius Nicolae BITA, Head of Unit and Ioana Hristu, Expert - Department of
Elaboration, Implementation and Monitoring Programs for SMEs and International Co-operation,
NASMEC, phone: 004021-3361467; e-mail: [email protected] and [email protected])
Beginning with 2003, Ministry of Education and Research launched in the framework of RELANSIN
National Programme, programme for financing the research activity, sub programme “1 SMEs”. SMEs can
apply on the programme only together in a consortium with a research institute and/or a university. In 2003,
in the framework of the sub programme “1 SMEs” have been financed 310 projects, in amount of 158 bills.
ROL, out of which 235 of them have been finalized. The weight of the financed projects in 2003 within the
frame of the sub programme “1 SMEs” is: new products (155 projects – means 50% of the total number of
the projects), modernized products (48 projects), new technologies (71 projects), modernized technologies
(28 projects), services (8 projects).
In the framework of this sub programme, it will be financed, in 2004, 75 projects, as well as in the
framework of the others research programmes will be financed projects that involve SMEs. That means
that the number of the projects that involve SMEs is 350.
National programme INVENT is an other component of National programme for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation, programme unfolded also by the Ministry of Education and Research, that is
dedicated to the financing the application of patents. The projects drawn up during 2001 – 2003 periods
have been finalized with: drawn up of an experimental model, 8 products and 5 new technologies.
The structure of the partnership in the framework of this programme was: 2 universities, 18 research
institutes and 10 enterprises out of which 8 were SMEs. The projects that involved SMEs have been
finalized with 8 new products implemented in the current production.
Through National Plan for Research - Development and Innovation, have been financed 3500 projects,
during 2003 – 2004, out of which 200 priority projects requested by the ministries for realizing the economic
environment, much of them representing new or modernized products or technologies.
Within 2004 RELANSIN competion has been laid about 830 applications, out of which 400 have as partner
and SME.
The partnership structure within framework of the programme, during 2001-2003, has composed of 2
universities, 18 research institutes and 8 SMEs.
In the same time, in Romania functions „Innovation Relay Centre”, developed through Community financing
in the framework of “5 Frame Programme”. This centre achieves the connection between demand and offer
of the research results.
The main obstacles are:
- the early stage of organization and functioning of the new entities with a role in promoting and carrying out
the technology transfer;
- insufficient level of implementation of the tools and actions aimed at information dissemination and
technology transfer;
- the relatively high costs of the new technologies, while there is a scarcity of the financial resources of the
SMEs;
- the insufficient development of the financial market in order to deal with specific financial tools such as:
venture capital and equity funds.
In order to solve these problems, the following measures have to be undertaken:
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- Multi-annual National Programme for setting up and development of business and technological
incubators;
- Programme for stimulating and development of the national network of business incubators;
- Stimulating the development of innovation and technological transfer infrastructure (centres and services
specialized for assistance and scientific and technological information, technological and business
incubators, scientific and technological parks);
- Continuously development of electronic services for spreading and presenting research results, obtained
through programmes financed from public funds (web sites, designing of databases for recording of their
results, as well as patents).
- Stimulating and development of absorption capacity and spreading R&D results in economic environment
through facilitating the SMEs access to the National and International Programmes (for instance
RELANSIN, INVENT etc).
•
Manufacturing - Facts & Figures
- About 50% of GDP;
- +0.4% Y/Y;
- CAGR 4% (2000-2003);
- Growth above average: means of transport on road and non-food goods;
- Low degree of processing (intermediate products make 41% of overall production and 46% of direct
exports).
Manufacturing structure and links (2003 – year base)
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Evolution of manufacturing industry
Forecast in manufacturing industry
Other statistics
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Above figure shows the distribution of employment in the EU and Candidate Countries by selected sectors in 2002.
Source: Eurostat: Statistics on Science and Technology in Europe; Data 1991-2002. Part 2
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Above tables provide the breakdown of the percentage of employment accounted for by medium-high tech
manufacturing sectors on the one side, and high tech manufacturing sectors on the other.
Source: Eurostat: Statistics on Science and Technology in Europe; Data 1991-2002. Part 2
The evolution of employment in high tech and medium-high tech manufacturing sectors is considered in
below table.
•
No available data
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•
Government policy
No available data
•
KoBas - Knowledge Based Customize Services for Traditional Manufacturing Sectors Provided by a
Network of High Tech SMEs – a research network, aiming for intelligent production system development.
•
Future Forecast and Trends
No available data
•
No available data
A3.3.7 – ICT for media, culture and entertainment
•
The number of Internet cafes has exploded since early 1999, particularly in Bucharest. Despite the
explosion, it is believed that the increased number of internet users resulted from increased business
investment in technology rather than the greater internet availability offered by the increased number of
internet cafes. The fact that less than one-third of the Internet users go online from homes, while the
majority surf at work supports this hypothesis.
While Internet Cafes have already become a familiar presence in the big cities, it will be some time before
telecenters will be fully accepted and used by the rural population. Affordable prices are important for
strengthening the client base. As mentioned previously, WESTERN IQ - Romanian Telework Informations,
which offered the necessary equipment and space for individual teleworkers and companies, failed
because of a faulty pricing policy.
Some of the websites are updated regularly, especially the news sites. Yet the vast majority is static and
rarely updated. Only around 3 websites out of 10 seem to carry updated information relevant to various
user groups. A certain degree of competition in building interactive and updated websites was stimulated
by the launch of the Romanian website Top100.com, which offers the users the opportunity to vote for the
website they consider useful.
This has encouraged a large part of the organizations present in the Romanian virtual environment to
change their Internet website projects, in the sense of making them simpler, more user-friendly, and more
practical. This change in strategy has also significantly increased the interactivity and design quality of the
websites.
The use of the Internet for the business sector revolves around its marketing needs. Internet until recently
was used only for displaying information about products or services, new product developments,
schedules, or information for finding new clients and/or suppliers (usually called brochureware). E-mail is
also used by businesses to formulate agreements with American and/or European firms. On a national
level, however, the fax and telephone are still the preferred medium given the low penetration level of
computers and Internet users in Romania. The business community is still likely to be the first to adapt to
new technological advancements, such as videoconferencing, IP telephony, and Intranets.
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Two advertising agencies studied the emerging Internet businesses in Romania and tried to discover
Internet users and their receptivity to on-line advertising. Regardless of low penetration of users, the
Internet seems viable for selected upmarket audiences. For expensive products such as cars, financial
services, electronics or computers, the Internet is viewed as an attractive way to obtain a link with potential
customers.
Regarding advertising strategies, websites and online banner ads are treated as organic extensions of a
company's traditional advertising campaign (newspaper/radio/TV), using the same concept and executed
along similar lines, but tailored to the web environment. The report states that the instant reaction from
customers makes it possible to tailor advertising to suit the market.
The popular local websites, mostly built as portals, contain entertainment information and news, as well as
choices for shopping online. They offer forum applications, free e-mail and chat rooms. They also include
directories with resources in any issue of interest, attracting a very diverse group of users to their website.
Often times, though, they are not continuously updated, and a large part of the links to other organizations
either cannot be opened or referred organizations are no longer in existence. Other features like currency
converters or banking information, weather forecasts and news briefs, are typically updated daily.
•
Internet is mainly used for finding/posting information, communication, and downloading software. The key
factor seems to be the need for communication. E-mail and communication services (chat, for example)
seem to be widely popular. Recent research shows that Romanians access the Internet mainly at the office
(53%) or from school (28 %).
As in most of the emerging markets, the profile of the first people to use the Internet in Romania was those
with high income and education. However, the situation was slightly changed in 1999. Market analyses
show that Internet users have become more diversified recently, with an increase in, for example, the
number of mid-educated users. The research profiled 300,000 Internet users in Romania in 1999 with the
following characteristics: 75% male, high income, aged 18-34, graduates, living in urban areas. Women
count not more than 30% of the market.
•
Key players
1) INSTITUTE for CULTURAL MEMORY – IMEC - Bucharest
Manager: Dan MATEI
Address: Piaţa Presei Libere, nr1, PO Box 33 – 90, Bucharest, Romania, Zip code 71341
Phone:+401 224 37 42; Fax: +401 224 37 42
Website: www.cimec.ro
Research regarding cultural patrimony: capitalisation of the mobile and stable cultural patrimony; library
information; museum informatics; culture history, data information base for cultural data’s.
The main projects in 2004: Main operator and adviser in two major national projects of the Ministry of
Culture and Religious Affairs:
• National Cultural Heritage Catalogue - the development of a data model and of a pilot system for the
integration and the interoperability of the heritage databases and of the authority files (Developer:
SoftWin Company, financed by a loan from the World Bank)
• Digital Library of Rare Books and Manuscripts (Developer: StartPrint Company, financed by a loan from
the World Bank)
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•
Government policy
No available data
•
- INSTITUTE for CULTURAL MEMORY – IMEC – Bucharest
The main projects in 2004:
- National Cultural Heritage Catalogue - (Developer: SoftWin Company, financed by a loan from the
World Bank)
- Digital Library of Rare Books and Manuscripts (Developer: StartPrint Company, financed by a loan from
the World Bank)
•
Future Forecast and Trends
No available data
•
No available data
A3.3.8 – ICT for learning
•
Enhancing education with information and communication technologies is a priority of the Romanian
Ministry of Education and Research.
Due to several funding programs there are schools with hundreds of users at the moment. Every high
school in the country – numbering 1.500, except for the vocational ones -, have been equipped with
computers during the program called “Acceleration of Introduction of Computers and of Internet Access in
the Schools of Romania”, approved by the Government in September 2001, within the program “The eLearning System” (SEI).
The primary and vocational schools are less equipped. Even if the school has PCs, many of them are not
connected to the Internet and the access of pupils is restricted at the computer usage lessons.
As a direct consequences, a lot of software applications and integrated systems are implemented in the
learning field and related areas.
Financing sources:
- Romanian Government program SEI (The e-Learning System);
- Phare funds;
- EU Community programmes dedicated to learning (YOUTH, Leonardo da Vinci, SOCRATES)
- Word Bank loans;
E-learning and distance learning (DE)
Several distance learning and e-learning projects have been undertaken in Romania. Since 1997, through
Socrates, Tempus and PHARE programs, together with the Ministry of Education, many DE Centers exist
in the important universities, within Erasmus-Socrates European-funded projects. One of the most active is
the Center for Multimedia and Distance Education from the Technical University of Cluj.
DE programs in Romania:
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• CODECS and the Open University
• The Academy for Economic Studies
• The Cluj-Napoca Open and Distance Education Study Center
• The Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication Studies from University of Bucharest
• The School of Communication and Public Relations "David Ogilvy", Bucharest. The school also offers to
its student’s free e-mail and chat
• The Romanian Group of Research & Actions in Rromani Linguistics in cooperation with the Ministry of
National Education, started a program of distance learning for Rromani language
• The US Embassy in Romania and 3Com announced in 2000 the Internet Teaching Project. The program
supports a partnership between Romanian and American professors from University of Maryland, and
consists of courses on UNIX and Shell taught by Romanian professors for American and Romanian
students.
• International Correspondence Institute
• Pedagocica on-line - project aiming to offer a systematic view of the distance education field
• Bucharest University, the Department for Distance Education
• The virtual Schools of the Young Mathematician
• The School of Architecture and Urban Planning
Educational software
Although major IT companies offer or sell to the software needed for equipping IT laboratories to
universities and schools educational software is only now starting to be in demand by the local market, due
to the general lack of presence of IT in the Romanian educational system.
Smaller Romanian companies staffed with as little as 2-3 persons, have created educational software
especially for high schools, such as a tool designed for learning epidemiology and biostatistics, or
Mathematics on PC 1.0, designed to help high school students improve their math scores. The
administrative staff of schools is another group for which IT specialists design special programs like
Admission and Baccalaureate in high schools and vocational schools.
Most educational packages offer foreign language courses: French, English, German, Japanese, Spanish,
etc, as well as meta-language courses: business English, super success for the TOEFL test (Test of
English as a Foreign Language), etc.
GIS is imported and customized software, having had a successful penetration in the educational software
market within an Erasmus program for higher education funded by European Union. The GIS programs can
be downloaded by the students directly from the server.
Academic training opportunities
Technical schools (such as the Institute of Polytechnics) offer a good opportunity for training in ICT, but
mainly at the university level. Institutions of higher education have somewhat better resources and are
more focused on IT.
There are three main types:
- Polytechnic Institutes: provide hardware-related skills and cover areas such as electronics, computer
science and automation
- University Institutes of Economic Science: provide software-related skills for applied work and cover areas
such as cybernetics or informatics
- University Institutes of Mathematics: provide software-related skills for an academic or research career
and cover areas such as mathematics or informatics
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Private sector training opportunities
Partially due to the constraints on IT resources in education, training companies in IT had the chance to
mushroom in the last ten years. Some companies established private schools, like Cisco Systems, which
started an IT education program called Cisco Networking Academy.
There are two main types of training companies: those that focus on training almost exclusively and those
which use training as a way of making ends meet when their other activities (often software development or
selling foreign software packages) fail to do so. IT training courses are in high demand, particularly among
those who graduate from a school or university, because they increase the chances of getting a job.
Parents are therefore willing to pay the high fees in the hopes that it will give their child an advantage in the
competitive labor market.
Usually IT training offerings are typically PC-oriented and cover package skills (especially use of MS Office)
and programming courses (e.g. FoxPro and Turbo Pascal). They also provide related courses in
management topics such as MIS (management of information systems) and systems analysis and design.
•
Due to the lack of financial resources, universities are unable to use advanced e-learning tools in
education. Beside complex software tools and high-speed Internet connections, universities should hire
specialists to maintain the e-learning software tools and a multidisciplinary team to design the course’s
content for an ICT mediated learning process. This transformation is still too expensive for the educational
sector in Romania.
Instead, all universities and some high schools have web sites including their curricula, online courses and
other research materials and references.
Educational institutes connected to Internet:
Most universities have partially adapted to e-learning phenomenon by opening distance learning centres.
With few exceptions, they follow the model of correspondence course rather than e-learning paradigm.
Most applications used in the distance learning centres are limited to material based training and e-mail
communication.
Since it is expected that universities and other organised forms of lifelong learning will adopt e-learning
paradigm in the near future, the MER developed a set of criteria to evaluate the universities’ capacity to
perform Computer Based Training and Web Based Training. “The primary condition for extending elearning applications in Romanian is the availability of a proper communication infrastructure. Potential
users should be able to cover their communication costs and to support the implementation of high speed
communication services”.
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•
1) Danubius University from Galati
The university is specialized in economics, law and communication science and provides in these areas
short and long term graduate programs. All faculties engage in scholarly research, most often in
association with graduate students or advanced undergraduates.
Contact person: Viorel Ariton, Director
Address: 3, Lunca Siretului - 800416 Galati - Romania,
Phone: +40236460366
Fax: +40236460038
Website:www.univ-danubius.ro/cond.html
capable
of
adjusting,
open
to
innovation,
competitivity
and
change.
Phone: +40256277060
Fax: +40256200296
Website:www.usab-tm.ro
3) National Centre for Studies in Family Medicine
The Centre for Studies in Family Medicine seeks to enhance family medicine and primary health care
practice which will reflect a partnership of the community and interdisciplinary teams committed to proactive
patient-centred care.
Contact person: Marius Marginean, President
Address: 227, Calea Mosilor - 020868 Bucharest - Romania,
Phone: +40212115927
Fax: +40212115927
www.uwo.ca/fammed/csfm/about.html
Address: 13, Al.I. Cuza - 200585 Craiova - Romania
Phone: + 40251413844
Fax: +40251418803
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Medicine.
Address: 3, Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu - 700490 Iasi – Romania
Phone: +40232260650
Fax: +40232260650
Website:www.univagro-iasi.ro
Address: 20, Universitatii - 332006 Petrosani - Romania
Phone: +40254546112
Fax: +40254543491
7) University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca
The university has 4 faculties, each of them with short and long term graduate programs, advanced studies
and post graduate studies.
Contact person: Liviu Alexandru Marghitas, Rector
Address: 3, Manastur - 400372 Cluj Napoca - Romania,
Phone: +40264595825
Fax: +40264593792
Website: www.usamvcluj.ro
Phone: +40-256-403291
Website: www.etc.utt.ro
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2) Seismo-acoustics GIS and Digital Cartography Laboratory - NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MARINE
GEOLOGY AND GEOECOLOGY - GEOECOMAR
Contact person: Gabriel Ion – Head of Seismo-Acoustics, Gis and Digital
Phone: + 40212094982
Fax: +40212522594
Website: www.geoecomar.ro
3) Faculty of Automatics, Computers and Electronics – University of Craiova
Faculty of Automatics, Computers and Electronics has academical collaborative relations with many
Universities and Research Institutes inside and outside Roomania’s borders. This made possible activities
aiming teaching plans actualising, modernising the labs. Every year, more than 20 students obtain
scolarships at Universities in Germany, France, Greece, Portugal, Italy, USA, Holland, Belgium.
Contact person: Dr. Mircea Ilie Mihaiu - Scientific Director
Address : 107, Decebal Blvd., 200440, Craiova – Romania,
Phone : +40-251-435724
Fax: +40-251-438198
http://ace.ucv.ro
Address: 8, Maresal Averescu Blvd., 011455, Bucharest- Romania
Phone: +40-744777729
Fax: +40-21-2241030
1) SC SIVECO Romania SA
SIVECO is one of the most important providers and software integrators of ERP, eLearning, eHealth,
eBusiness, eGovernment global solutions and turnkey projects from Romania. Due to its geographical
position and its multi-lingual facilities, SIVECO Romania can offer IT solutions for international markets.
Contact person: Lucretia Maiorescu, Director other
Address: 8, Maresal Averescu - 011455 Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40212242577
Fax: +40212244108
Website:www.siveco.ro
RTD provider
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Address: 121, Tepes Voda - 021524 Bucuresti – Romania
Phone: + 40212555731
Fax: +40212555732
E-mail: [email protected]; Website: www.edcgi.ro
Distributor, Supplier
Phone: +40216653504
Fax: +40216653504
RTD provider
4) HoliSun srl
Address: 12, Bd. Traian - 430212 Baia Mare - Romania,
Phone: +40262226778
Fax: +40262226778
Website: www.holisun.com
5) UTI SYSTEMS
Address: 39, Filipescu - 020961 Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40212012330
Fax: +40212012330
Website: www.uti.ro
RTD provider
6) Associations of Telecommunications Engineers from Romania
projects, to offer consultancy and training for telecommunications employees development, in a few words,
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to promote science and technology development, and close cooperation within the communications
industry.
Contact person: Lucretia Maiorescu, General Secretary
Address: 3, Spatiului - 011565 Bucharest – Romania
Phone: +40766505820
Fax: +40212244108
Website: www.aitr.ro
RTD provider
Address: 6, Calea Motilor - 40001 Cluj-Napoca – Romania
Phone: +40264592531
Fax: +40264599584
Website: www.iquestint.com
RTD provider
Romania.
Phone: +40-259-239251
Fax: +40-259-231306
Website: www.informaticaoradea.ro
Other key players
Bd. Maresal Averescu Nr. 8-10, RO - 71316 Bucuresti, 1 ROMANIA
Phone: +40-1-224.12.59 ext 224
Fax: +40-1-224.05.39
Website: www.ici.ro
2) SIVECO Romania SA one of the most important producer and software integrators of ERP, eLearning,
eHealth, eBusiness, eGovernment global solutions and turnkey projects from Romania.
One of its products is AEL. AEL e-learning platform is an integrated teaching/learning program and
content management system.
SIVECO ROMANIA SA
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ROMANIA, BUCHAREST, 011455; 8-10, Maresal Averescu Bd.,
Phone: +40 (21) 224 25 31, 224 25 77
Fax: +40 (21) 224 41 08
Website: www.siveco.ro;
The AEL e-Learning platform offers support for teaching and learning, for tests and evaluations, for
managing the educational content, for monitoring the educational system and creating the curricula.
AEL can be used for the learning process assisted by the teacher/trainer or for individual education. AEL is
implemented at undergraduate and graduate levels of the educational system, as well as in corporations,
for internal employee training.
Technical features:
For portability and maintenance reasons, AEL was created as a multi-layer system - using a web client
connected at a Java-based application server. We use Enterprise Java Beans, Jdbc, Java servers, JSP,
Java applets and XML. The need for inter-operable content has also been taken into account; XML is
basically used, but the support for standard format for interoperability content packaging, such as SCORM
and IMS, has also been implemented.
AEL learning solution was nominee at The European IST Prize.
3) SOFTWIN
Since 1993, SOFTWIN has been delivering intelligent content solutions designed to improve quality and
innovation of the teaching/learning process.
eContent Solutions has one of the largest teams in the eContent sector of Eastern Europe, comprising
over 100 highly experienced XML/SGML specialists.
eLearning products:
• Intuitext™ Interactive Lessons
• Encyclopedia Universalis - interactive education resources to be included in the 8th DVD edition of
Encyclopedia Universalis.
• Educational Material in Electronic Format - a vast library in electronic format, with dynamic,
personalized and accessible content.
• Mobility and Unlimited Access to Information Through Mobile Learning - SOFTWIN together with its
American partner, goReader, have developed a complex mobile learning system for American
students. By using mobile learning, the students have access to information and learning
materials in electronic format from anywhere and at any time.
• Electronic Dictionaries
• RoDactilo™ a tutorial in Romanian dedicated to the initial development of PC skills.
4) Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence
uniSMART an eLearning project developed by the Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, “Marea
Neagra” University Foundation and SNSPA - National School of Political Studies and Public Administration.
http://www.unismart.ro
•
Government Policy
In 2001 the Romanian Government approved through Governmental decision the introduction of 500,000
computers in all Romanian schools and high schools, accompanied by the provision of Internet connection
and educational software. The value of the project is about USD 260 million and it is expected to be
finalized until end of 2004.
Romania has yearly about 5,000 students graduating in ICT’s specialties, among the over 30,000
engineers. Romania is the first country in Europe, and the sixth worldwide, in the classification of
geographical areas with the highest concentration of certified professionals in 30 of the most critical
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information technology skill areas. The total number of ICT specialists is 63,600 of which 45,444 are
working in the private sector, of which 18,800 are software developers. Estimates indicate that 21.5% of the
employees in the public sector use ICT tools in their work.
In Romania there are about 40 CISCO Academies, Oracle Academic Initiative comprising about 28
universities, Microsoft Education Initiative, Auto CAD Academic Initiative, etc.
Governmental plans in education
A decree made in 1998 by the Ministry of National Education includes provisions regarding special training
for teachers and professors to use ICT in schools, universities and high schools. A wide range of ICT
curricula for both under- and post-graduate training is used in major public and private universities (mostly
polytechnics) in the main urban areas. The integration of ICT in the learning process included the
introduction of ICT exams for admission to higher education schools. This became a requirement as a
result of policies delineated in 1999. Average computer skills are likely to become a pre-condition for
admission to university.
Source: LOCAL E-GOVERNMENT IN ROMANIA. A SURVEY -Ovidiu Stoica, Gheorghe Filip
•
Based Educational System (SEI) (http://portal.edu.ro/) - 500.000 computers in schools with Internet
access. The program provided: hardware and communication infrastructure; software support; evolution of
educational curricula and methodology; training for teachers; new teaching instruments.
The Educational Informatised Program A.E.L.
The national governmental program “Educational Informatised Program” was started by the Romanian
government in year 2001, targeting multiple objectives: to increase the PCs penetration in schools and the
degree of schools’ Internet connection, to eliminate the digital divide between pupils and offer knowledge in
using computers for all and a base for the future university training, but especially to use the computer as a
tool in the teaching process.
Until now, the program means 1,220 highschools endowed with performant IT equipment (we reached he
EU 15 average of 11 PCs per 100 pupils valid at the beginning of 200210) and 610 highschools already
endowed with the educational software A.E.L. - Educational Assistant for Schools and Highschools. The
financial effort, 4,000 billions lei investments engaged for the period 2001-2005 (about 100 millions of euro)
does not represent only the hardware, but also the software (A.E.L.), already being realised 100 computer
assisted lessons, reaching 430 in the next year, in mathematics, physics, informatics, biology, chemistry,
Romanian language and literature, dictionaries, economy.
The program is implemented in collaboration with a private consortium made by well-known international
companies (SIVECO Romania, IBM Romania, HP Romania, Fujitsu Siemens Computers Romania) under
the coordination of the Ministry of Education, Research and Youth. As shortcomings, the evaluation made,
revealed the reduced number of professors included in training (only 13,000 until now) the still reduced
utilisation of computer as teaching method and the fact that still not all the schools have Internet
connection.
•
The Leonie Delphi survey confirms that the majority of the trends which effect the present and future
development of education and training in EU are present in Romania too. Among the trends considered to
have a strong influence on the development of elearning services in Romania are the rise of knowledge
economy, diffusion of new forms of media and the shift from a teacher-centred to a learner-centred
paradigm.
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During the past years e-Learning services have been developing in Romania at a swift pace. There are
already a large number of domestic e-learning solutions available on the market. Some examples follow.
AEL e-learning is a complex platform developed by SIVECO and offers support for teaching and learning.
AEL can be used for the learning process either assisted by the teacher or for individual education. AEL is
implemented in primary/secondary education system and in some corporations for internal training. AEL
received various international awards, among which “The European IST Prize Nominee” from Eurocase.
SOFTWIN is a very active company in providing e-learning content for interactive courses, virtual libraries
and electronic dictionaries. MCIT reported that in Romania exist around 530 interactive learning materials.
Together with an American partner, SOFTWIN developed a complex mobile learning system for American
students. In 2003 the company lunched two educational portals for secondary school and currently is
participating in a consortium to implement the BBC's “digital curriculum service”.
•
No available data
A3.3.9 – e-Government
•
Real e-government is not yet a reality in Romania, but initial progress has been made. Most of the
governmental institutions have a website and some of them regularly use communication tools like e-mail.
The type of information that can be found on governmental websites varies - ranging from background
information about the country (population, territorial -administrative units, economic agents), to
transportation maps (traffic networks), to history, organizational structure, or legislation . As part of an
institutional reform program, a gradual transition towards the electronic transmission of documents between
ministries/departments
should
be
taking
place
in
the
near
future.
Internet based interaction between citizens or companies and the public sector is negligible. The Ministry of
National Education, for example, has its own website serving as a resource center for students and
parents. Relevant information about exams and admission procedures to public schools can be found on
the web. Yet the application forms must be collected and submitted in person.
Government entities may receive e-mails, but the communication usually takes place in a traditional
manner - via telephone, fax, or direct contact. No other on-line interaction takes place between citizens and
the government. However, in Bucharest a district mayor has the intention of starting an e-government
project, but at this point the most users can do is download various documents. In the future, as a result of
a partnership with a country portal (Romania Development Gateway), users would be able to use real
electronic government applications.
A division of the Private Sector Institutional Development Program (PIBL) of the World Bank (WB),
negotiated a loan with the government for developing the Romania Gateway project, a country portal
designed to develop e-government applications. The website will facilitate access to a series of directories
and online resource collections. One of the goals of this project is to inform and involve the public in main
development issues like pension reform, social safety nets, privatization, etc. Informational services
dedicated to this program will include news, forums, transaction centers, possibilities for professional
orientation, and other necessary information.
In the last years (especially after year 2000) was created the entire legislative framework concerning the
implementation of e-Government in Romania, but also, generally, for encouraging the ICT, the use of
Internet or e-commerce. Here there are the most significant regulations in the field:
• Law no. 455/2001 on electronic signature;
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Law no. 291/2002 for the approval of the Government Ordinance no. 24/2002 concerning
electronic payment for local taxes;
Law no. 365/2002 on the electronic commerce;
Law no. 468/2002 for the approval of the Government Ordinance no. 20/2002 concerning
public acquisitions by means of electronic bids;
Law no. 161/2003 (Anticorruption Law) - that includes stipulations concerning the
transparency in information management and public services’ administration through
electronic means, eprocurement and also stipulations for preventing and fighting cyber
crime;
Law 202/2003 for the approval of the Government Ordinance 19/2003 concerning the
obligation of using the electronic system for data collection;
Law 250/2003 for the approval of the Government’s Emergency Ordinance no. 193/2002 for
introducing modern payment systems;
Government Decision no. 1173/2003 concerning the electronic assignment and distribution
of authorisations for international road transport of merchandise;
Government’s Emergency Ordinance no. 93/2003 for voting through electronic means at the
national referendum for Constitution’s revision;
Beside those regulations, the Government (the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology) is
preparing two very important projects of law, from the public administration’s point of view: a standard for
the public institutions’ web pages (design) and the framework for the interoperability.
Unfortunately, some of these regulations, that stipulated compulsory measures for local public
administration institutions did not included at the beginning also sanctions for not complying it. For
example, as we will see, according to the Law no. 291/2002 (regarding the electronic payment of local
taxes), the local public administration authorities had to implement the e-tax system until certain dates.
Several months after the deadline, a lot of local authorities did not complied the law and not implemented
the system. Only very recently, after repeated press signals, the Government issued a new regulation,
which included sanctions (fines) for the authorities that are not respecting the law and does not offer fully
functional e-tax systems.
As answer to eEurope+, Romania approved through Government Decision no. 1440/2002, National
Strategy for Promoting of New Economy and implementing of Information Society. This document contains
measures related to e-government, component that represents the offering of public services in electronic
form. Strategy for passing to e-government includes a combination of the following elements: encouraging
the competition on the telecommunication market, reform and modernizing of central and local
administration through information technology methods and also through eadministratie sectoral strategy
application and application of e-business and e-commerce principles.
Through collecting statistic data electronic system (SIGMA), accessing to address www.e-statistica.ro and
http://e-statistica.e-licitatie.ro, it was launched 4 surveys having in view to establish how many SMEs use
PC, have Internet connection, have their web pages, how many SMEs participate to on-line procurement,
as well as the amount of the procurements or how many SMEs make e-commerce operations. Romania
signed the Action Plan eEurope+, assuming the implementing of it.
Improving the regulation framework for stimulating the establishment and development of small and
medium-sized enterprises and simplifying in the domain of registration and authorising of firms, natural
persons and family associations have continued. Also, were initiated a series of measures for simplifying
the administrative procedures in the relationships between SME and central administrative authorities for
actions of e-government type.
In 2003 were adopted the following normative regulations, with implications on the registration activity in
the trade register and of authorising the activity:
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- Law no. 486/18.11.2003 for approving the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 27/2003 regarding the
tacit approval procedure published in the Official Gazette no. 827/22.11.2003 through which the precise
terms are established for the involved public authorities and the judge instance in the framework of
authorisation procedure;
- Law no. 505/26.11.2003 regarding the approval of Government Emergency Ordinance no.
129/2002 for the modification of the Law no. 26/1990 regarding the trade register and of
Government Emergency Ordinance no. 76/2001 regarding the simplification of some administrative
formalities for traders’ registration and authorisation, published in the Romanian Official Gazette no.
857/3.12.2003 through which the term in which one can obtain the unique registration code from the
Ministry of Public Finances was reduced and was foreseen the compulsoriness of data’ electronic
transmission between this one and the National Trade Register Office. This law foresaw the National Trade
Register Office obligation for the trade register offices that in 24 hours from the date when the delegate
judge finished the activity, to transmit on electronic way to the Ministry of Public Finances the data from the
type registration request for the assigning of unique registration code. The Ministry of Public Finances
assigns in maximum 24 hours the unique registration code and in 3 days after receiving the code, the trade
register offices through the National Trade Register Office (NTRO) transmit to the Ministry of Public
Finances on electronic way all the traders’ data that stayed on theregistration to trade office bases;
- Also, Law no. 505/2003 comprises the provisions regarding the NTRO possibility of granting the
applicants, before laying down the registration request, assistance services for the registrations of which
they are interested about;
- Government Ordinance no. 29/29.01.2004 regulating some financial measures, published in the Official
Gazette of Romania, no. 90/31.01.2004, through which was modified the Government Ordinance no.
75/2001 on the structure and functioning of the fiscal identification record published in the Official Gazette
of Romania Part I no. 540/1 September, 2001, approved with modifications and completed subsequently by
Law no. 410/2002 with modifications and completed subsequently, in the way of renouncing to the request
of fiscal identification record for foreigners that lay down a statement on own liability as well as simplifying
the procedure of obtaining the statement by the Romanian citizens, in the base of a protocol concluded
between Ministry of Public Finances and National Trade Register Office;
- Law no 149/2004 for amending and completing Law 64/1995 concerning the judicial reorganization and
bankrupting, republished with the ulterior modifications, through which the procedure of market exit of the
societies being under insolvency its simplifying, precise obligations are established regarding the
registration of regulations and facts tied of bankruptcy in the trade register and the Bulletin of judicial
reorganization and bankrupting procedures its established, printed and published by National Trade
Register Office
- Law no. 300/2004 regarding the licensing of natural persons and family associations that unfolds
economic activities independently, through which the formalities of licensing for these categories of traders
are simplified;
- Government Decision no. 913/2004 for approving taxes and duties for operations made by the trade
register offices nearby courts, through which the unique tax its been setting-up, in view of facilitation the
calculation of taxes without specialized assistance, and creation of the premises for transmitting the
petitions by correspondence or by electronic way. Practically, any interested person can calculate the
registration tax owned and to pay the tax through any methods foreseen by law, not being necessary the
presence of applicant to the pay desks of the trade register offices nearby courts. The National Trade
Register Office puts at the applicant disposal the guide of completing, and in this way creating the
possibility of traders’ accommodation with the requests on on-line registration.
- GD no. 991/2004 for establishing the model of the licensing petition and of licensing certificate in the trade
register, through which the forms used for the registration in the trade register are modified, with the aim of
facilitation the completing of the forms and correlate the taxes for the forms, maintaining the separation
between the registration petition in the trade register and licensing petition; the guide of completing the
registration petition, emitted by the National Trade Register Office was place to the traders’ disposal in the
same day in which GD appeared;
- Law no. 346/2004 regarding the stimulation of establishing and developing small and mediumsized
enterprises, through which facilities are granted (access to utilities, access to public procurement and
transfer of business) and a fund of 0,2%GDP is allocated from the State
Budget for programmes in the Strategy of SME approved by the GD no.1280/2004.
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Beside the normative regulations, the National Trade Register Office initiated and collaborated with
the representatives of Ministry of Justice for the elaboration of: draft law regarding the simplifying of
the formalities at the registration in the trade register of natural persons, family associations and legal
persons, fiscal registration as well as legal persons licensing, approved by Parliament, through which exist
a separation between registration to the trade register and traders’ licensing, the terms of registration will
be diminished and will be regulated precisely and detailed the proceedings that must be followed, therefore
to facilitate the applicants access to the offered services and to create the premises for transmitting the
petitions by correspondence or by electronic way.
At the same time, the separation of responsibility in the administrative level of the trade register offices to
the one of licensing public institutions maintained.
Also, taking in consideration the large number of firms that does not need functioning licences at the
setting-up or by case during their life time, the licensing of functioning its made in the base of applicant
statement on own liability, although the legal term of emitting the annex that contains these confirmations of
the licensing institutions have not been modified.
At the same time with the reason of simplifying the taxes and duties, the National Trade Register
Office created the possibility of using as payment method of the cards emitted by Visa or Mastercard.
•
e-Government and e-Administration
The sector is dominated by global or regional leaders like IBM, Microsoft, HP, Oracle, SAP, S&T, Intrarom.
We can also see a good presence of the Romanian firms which activate as subcontractors or, in some
cases, even as main contractors. The most important Romanian companies: Forte, Softwin, Siveco,
Totalsoft, QCT, ASE Soft.
A great success can be noted for the Advanced Technology Systems firm, which managed to gain the
Pirelli grand prize for best e-Government application.
The number and value of the governmental initiatives for the administration sector rose in a spectacular
way, especially in the last 2 years and were awarded, in many cases, international recognition.
9
The National Electronic System (www.e-guvernare.ro) was the only European e-Government
application that received the World Summit Award (WSA) at the World Summit for Information
Society (WSIS), which takes place in Geneva between 10 and 12 December 2003.
9
Romania and Japan received The Global Information Technology Excellence Award for the “eGovernment Initiative”. The distinction was awarded by WITSA (World Information Technology
and Services Alliance) during the World Congress on Information Technology, on Thursday, May
20, 2004.
Source: ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF THE IT SECTOR, 2004 –
ARIES
•
Key players
1) SOFTWIN, SOFTWARE AND SERVICES
Founded in 1990, SOFTWIN is a leading Romanian producer/provider of computer software and services.
SOFTWIN's 500-strong team of qualified professionals has managed over 10,000 projects so far. The
company has a strong presence on the US and European Union IT markets and develops along four
interlinked business lines: eContent, Data Security, Business Solutions and Customer Relationship
Management. SOFTWIN is headquartered in Bucharest, Romania and has offices in Tettnang, Germany
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and Barcelona, Spain. Over 90% of the company's turnover is achieved from exports to the US and
European Union.
Achievements:
12.11.2003, Bucharest - The national eGovernment system launched by the Romanian Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology in September 2003 - www.e-guvernare.ro - received the
"Best Digital Content" Award of the eGovernment section at the Geneva World Summit on the Information
Society.
In 2003, the Romanian eAuction portal was nominated as an European best practice example in the
European eGovernment Conference in Italy.
Str. Fabrica de Glucoză nr. 5, Sector 2, CP 52-93, Bucharest, ROMANIA
Phone: +(40) 21 233 0780
Fax: +(40) 233 0763
Website: www.softwin.ro; www.helpdesk.ro
•
Government Policy
Since 2001 the Romanian Government has become a champion in promoting egovernmental services. The
extensive use of ICT in e-governance is expected to add transparency in the relationship between citizens
and the Romanian state. An entire list of ambitious e-Government projects are intended to offer access to
information and standardized forms, transaction of e-procurement, tax payment, etc. In September 2003
MCIT launched the National Electronic System (NES) as a unique agora to public information and services
for citizens and businesses. Since it was launched nine eservices have been available and 172 standard
forms covering areas of general interest have been accessible for download. In December 2003, the egovernment portal received the “best e-government digital content” award at the World Summit of
Information Society. At present, MCIT is organizing a national competition to select the best econtent
application for “The International Contest of e-Content and Creativity within World Summit Award”.
An important step was made when the use of e-procurement became compulsory for public acquisitions of
some products and services. In addition, all major city halls were required to offer e-services for tax
payment over Internet. Besides the fact that the “cash culture” is still dominant in Romania, due to an
underdeveloped e-banking system the number of users is virtually inexistent59. To be more effective, egovernment applications need to be integrated into local available services.
Nevertheless e-government impact goes beyond some improvements of government productivity. Despite
these encouraging signs, low average incomes, inadequate infrastructure and lack of transparency in
government policies and business practices will inhibit wide usage of e-governmental services. There is a
certain risk to transform them into simple formalities if official websites are not in line with the slogan
“secrecy is harmful to the public good”. In the Romanian mass-media there are many illustrations of an
“ironic assimilation” of e-government idea, i.e. e-voting system was used to falsify the elections, eprocurement system is the perfect instrument to formalize illicit contracts, etc. Simply putting e-content and
launching new services is insufficient if the government does not embrace a consultative role with citizens
and businesses to discover and formulate relevant policies for performance improvement. All the e-services
should be launched with caution because contrary to the Scandinavian countries, Romania does not have
yet strong regulatory systems and positive business environments.
•
Government Projects:
1) The National Electronic System – www.e-guvernare.ro
The National Electronic System, launched in 2003, represents the unique point of access to public services
and information of the central administration institutions that interest both natural and legal persons.
The current stage (Dec. 2004):
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- over 250 forms available for download and 465 public institutions involved;
- 7 electronic public services for the companies:
451 companies own a digital certificate, until October 2004, 431 companies of Bucharest, the important
taxpayers submitted on www.e-guvernare.ro, 6000 declarations to the Ministry of the Public Finance,
ANOFM, CNPAS, CNAS, as well as 12 financial situations.
Extension of National Electronic System:
The system will be gradually extended from the point of view of both the number of available services and
forms, and of the number of users - the on-line services are available for the beginning for 400 important
taxpayers of Bucharest and Ilfov County.
Other components of E-Government initiatives:
a) The electronic system of assigning the international road freight authorizations –
www.autorizatiiauto.ro
Current stage (Dec. 2004): the System was launched in November 2003. More than 330.000 authorizations
have been assigned in 2004, comparing to 8733 in 2003. Over 1900 international freight transporters have
digital certificates for authentication, comparing to 785 at the end of 2003.
Licences for public transport – a new service available at www.autorizatiiauto.ro
The General Inspectorate for Communications and Information Society has started the granting of digital
certificates to the transport operators.
b) Electronic Systems for the payment of local taxes
Current stage: 59 cities have implemented electronic payment systems, another 17 having functional
information systems and payment systems in process. These systems are presently reaching the 4th level
of e-government interaction, which allows the connection/integration between information systems from the
banks and city hall.
c) Portal for the online driving license – available on www.e-guvernare.ro
d) Electronic collection of statistical data - e-statistica.ro
The central and local public administration institutions are obliged to use the system.
e) Customs declarations on line
f) Integrated System Visa online
g) Electronic Voting System
h) Network security, antifraud actions in the field of communication and information technology,
fighting against informatics criminality
• www.eFrauda.ro
The portal for receiving notifications regarding the activities with apparent illegal character in the
field of information society services achieves the direct interaction between the contractors and the
consumers of the information society services and the authorities with scope in this field.
• www.ceris.ro
The IT Security Incidents Response and Expertise Centre is an information system for the audit of
the information security and network communications.
2) Romania Information Technology Initiative (RITI), Romania
Funder(s): USAID/EGAT/IT
Short Description: The Romanian Information Technology Initiative-Policy Project advises the Romanian
Communications Regulatory Agency (ANRC) and the Ministry of Information and Communications.
Start date: January 01, 2003 End Date: January 01, 2006
•
e-Government success stories in Romania
The projects developed by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, in number of 30,
were hosted by the e-Government Center, started from the necessity of solving concrete problems as: e-
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tax, electronic system of local taxes payment, e-job or the notification regarding address changeability. The
following projects have been already extended at national level, after a test period:
- The Electronic System of Public Procurement (SEAP) – March 4, 2002
- The National Electronic System, September 2003
- The Electronic System for granting the merchandise international transport authorisations (SIAE)
– November 3, 2003
- Visa Online System (for foreign citizens) –December 2003
- Online customs declarations – December 2003
As for the Tax on-line access, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology made more
initiatives, as follows:
• On-line administrative forms
To give access to citizens for administrative forms through www.e-guvernare.ro portal is a component of
Romanian Government Program for desk reform, for promoting transparency and to improve the interaction
between administration and citizens, on the one hand and between administration and companies, on the
other hand. The on-line administrative form portal is based on the solution of the pilot project made by the
Ministry of Communication and Information Technology in 2002 and allows access of citizens to relevant
information beyond the work schedule. The portal has the following functions: informing the citizens on
legislation and related regulation to facilitate their interaction with public administration; the “unique” point
for downloading forms and guidelines for completing them, the electronic instruments for assisted fulfilment
of electronic forms. In accordance with the legislation in force, the forms can be signed electronically and
sent to related agencies by sure electronic ways. At the present, more than 160 forms can be downloaded,
their number increasing progressively. The public bodies can use [email protected] in order to
send administrative forms required by their interaction with citizens; these forms have to be provided by
www.e-guvernare.ro, also.
• Electronic submission of documents (declarations and balance sheets)
Six electronic services are available through National Electronic System at
https://formularunic.eguvernare.ro, for legal persons and major taxpayers in order to facilitate electronic
submission of documents. They address to National Pension and Social Security House, National Agency
for Employment, National Health Insurance House and Ministry of Public Finances.
It has to be added the submission of the balance sheet - Ministry of Public Finance that can be used by eguvernare.ro. From the beginning, this application can be used by economic agents within the General
Directorate for Coordination of Great Tax Payers from Bucharest and Ilfov County. The system will be
extended to other economic agents.
The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology and the National Agency for Fiscal
Administration within the Ministry of Public Finance organized more training sessions attended by 275
major great taxpayers.
Three months since the launching, 975 declarations of the major taxpayers from the capital have been
submitted on-line to the administration.
• The payment of taxes and incomes payment by electronic means
Ministry of Communication and Information Technology initiated the Government Ordinance establishing
the obligation for all municipalities and towns to develop electronic system for local tax and incomes
payment. These systems are the best instrument that facilitate the access of all citizens to relevant
information on local tax and incomes and that offer an easy, high-speed and handy solution for payment of
duties to the local budgets.
At present, 50% of municipalities implemented both informing and payment system, 20% of municipalities
ensuring a system that allows only to look for the amount of tax to be paid; a list of the functioning
electronic tax and incomes payment system can be accessed at www.mcti.ro
• Certifying the payment instruments with remote access
The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology has created a consistent and predictable
legislative framework for such an operation (by adopting Law 455/2001 regarding the electronic signature,
Law 365/2002 regarding the electronic system and the Order of MCIT no.16/2003 regarding the procedure
of certifying the payment instruments with remote access, like Internet-banking, homebanking and mobilebanking.), in order to ensure an easy access to the global market. At this moment, 23 of the 38 active
banks on the Romanian market have 31 payment instruments with distance access, audited as far as the
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information systems security is concerned, among which 15 Internet Banking solutions, 14 Home banking
and 2 Mobile Banking. Last year, the banks with distance payment instruments have registered a
transaction of 25 billion Euros.
- The list of all the payment instruments with distance access certified by MCIT, can be found on
the MCIT site www.mcti.ro
- Regarding the online information system, the most important action is the portal of access to the egovernment services.
- In compliance with Law 161-2003, title II, the National Electronic System is constituted as a unique
access point to the services and information provided by the local and central administration. The
development of this portal marks the beginning of the „desk reform”, a vast program whereby the
Romanian Government aims to promote transparency, to make administration efficient by cost and
bureaucracy reduction, to ensure the accessibility at large extent to the public services and information,
irrespective of time and place, to prevent and fight against the corruption through electronic means.
The present stage:
- Over 160 forms available for download;
- 465 public institutions that are involved;
- 10 online public services since September 2003:
- Deduction regarding the value added tax,
- Statement regarding the payment obligations towards the state budget, submitting the yearly and quarter
balance sheet towards the big taxpayers
- Declaration to the National Insurance House
- Declaration to ANOFM
- Customs declaration
- System of statistical data collection
- Driving licenses
- International freight authorizations
- On-line visas
The system will be extended gradually from the point of view of the number of available services and forms,
and the number of users – for the moment the online services are available for 400 big taxpayers in
Bucharest and the county of Ilfov.
Also, a measure of encouraging the communications through the electronic procedure is represented by
the inquiries performed in the e-statistica system. The statistical indicators obtained according to these
inquiries represent the basis of the analyses that are to be made by the European Commission, General
Department for Information Society, regarding the progress achieved by each and every country. The
candidate states, including Romania, signed the action plan eEurope+, whereby they have taken upon
themselves its enforcement, with a view to join the European Union. This plan implies actions that will be
coordinated by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, and the National Institute of
Statistics will supervise their achievement by the agency of specific statistical indicators.
E-government portal is permanently updating and independent of their size; enterprises can find legal
information, different forms for reporting to public administration. Portal delivers information by request,
based on principle “here and now”. So the citizen is closer to public administration. In the same time public
is considered closer and it answers efficiently to citizens as well as business environment requests. The
system allows accessing of that information out of civil servants working programme. The citizens can filled
the forms „off-line” (or „on-line”), they can find guide for filling the forms that can be delivered to agencies
already right filled, saving both their time and the civil servants time. The project benefits are: improvement
of public services, efficiently and adapting of them for answering to citizens requests. The system has the
following functions:
- Informing, by electronic means, of citizens regarding to afferent legislation and regulations;
- Informing by electronic means of citizens regarding the form through which the public administration
interacts with citizens and business administration as well as the way for filling them;
- One stop shop for downloading of forms and guides for filling them. The filled forms put in accordance
with their guide;
- Workplace for filling electronic forms assisted by computer. The forms will electronic sign in compliance
with the legislation in force and deliver to agencies by electronic means that guarantee their delivers.
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- The system allows like having in view to access more public services offered by electronic means citizen
will be certified only one time, at entering in system.
•
e-Procurement
The Electronic System of Public Procurement (www.e-licitatie.ro), functional since 4th of March, 2002
based on Government Ordinance 20/2002 (public acquisitions through e-procurement) is the most
successful and most known Romanian e-Government project, appreciated not only by the users, but also at
international level.4 e-Procurement contributed at the simplification of the contact between the business
environment and the administration and allowed an efficient public funds management. Other advantages
of the success of the Electronic System of Public Procurement are:
• reduce budgetary expenses;
• increase the transparency in the governing process;
• allow efficient and transparent public acquisitions;
• correspond to the European requirements concerning public procurements;changes the
mentality and the culture in public institutions as well as the perception of the citizen;
• encourage the development of e-commerce.
Facts concerning e-procurement:
• in one and a half year, more than 145,000 auctions concluded and more than 2,008 billions
lei in savings (in average, 23% comparing with the start value, but there were auctions with
more than 48% in savings);
• now, there are registered users more than 1,000 contracting authorities and 8,287 suppliers;
• the average number of price changes in an auction is 21;
• in the next three years, the savings are estimated at about 750 millions of euro.
The Electronic System for Assigning International Road Transport Authorisations
The system, created based on the Government Decision 1173/2.10.2003 is available since 2003 at
http://www.autorizatiiauto.ro and only in the first three months of 2004 distributed 96,231 authorisations for
the 1,725 companies registered at the Romanian Road Authority. Taking into account these numbers, it
results the utility of such a system for the companies involved, but also for the Ministry of Transports.
On the other hand, the system is not yet fully developed: for example, the fill-in for the 7 forms available for
download on the website is possible only off-line (even if the companies registered in the system has digital
certificate) and the payment for the authorisations can not be realised on-line, even if in Romania more
than 30 banks are authorised to offer on-line payment solutions (e-banking).
Source: LOCAL E-GOVERNMENT IN ROMANIA - A SURVEY -Ovidiu Stoica, Gheorghe Filip
• Initiatives of Ministry of Communications and Information Technology:
- Since 16th of October 2003 the Academy of Economic Study hosts the Romanian-Korean
Internet Access Centre (IAC).
- On 22 October 2003 in the University Polytechnic of Bucharest was opened the Centre of
Competency Linux, destined to the students, business and governmental society. In October
2003 4 access centres to communication services, Internet and PC (located in Balasesti,
Frecatei, Iana and Rebricea villages) were opened.
- On 24 February 2004 was signed by MCTI, MEC and Microsoft the Memorandum regarding to
implementation of the Program “Partners for Education” as a part of the global program developed by
Microsoft Romania.
- Another initiative is software parks that must be part of the Romanian even-tempered development
strategy.
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- As priorities and initiatives to support the SMEs development we take into consideration the change of the
training sessions for the economic agents who put on-line the obligation to the state, organised in common
with Ministry of Communication and Information Technology and National Agency of Fiscal Management
from the Ministry of Public Finances and which were carried on in a classic way, face to face, with remote
training sessions from, e-learning type.
• IAC: The centre was build up with the help of the Ministry of Communications and Information Society, the
Korean Agency for Promoting the Digital Opportunities (KADO) and the Korean Ministry of Information and
Communications. IAC is endowed with 70 computers connected to Internet, 40 of them being placed in a
special designed room, and the other 40 in the main lobby. This centre gives access to students,
representatives of the governmental agencies from Romania and Korea, but also to members of the
Korean corporations. The centre benefits of a seminar room and a managerial office fully equipped.
• Competence centre LINUX: benefits of MCIT’s support, as promoter of the principle of technological
solutions neutrality. This principle requires the choice of a solution that gives maximum advantages, from
the view point of application and cost, of specific situation to which it is destined for, but without taking into
consideration the IT solution used. The centre makes possible the simulation of real problems, the
development of applications and solutions, facilitates the transfer of present applications to LINUX, offering
in the same time consulting and certification for LINUX products and solutions. However, in order to
support the future specialists from the IT&C field, there were started the discussions for building a
technological park inside the University Polytechnic of Bucharest.
• Telecentres: were created based on the co-operation agreement between MCIT and the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID). The users pay the offered services, and the villages
provide the location and the employees. The telecentres provide more than access to telephony services.
The use of Internet and computers, especially by young people, expresses a higher educational value. In
the next period all the 4 telecentres built upon the MCIT-USAID agreement will be equipped with
educational software and there will be organised training sessions for local teachers and students. All
telecentres that will be opened this year have a similar endowment, strongly focusing on the educational
aspect.
The funds for the universal service will help the building of several hundred of telecentres, afterwards there
would be targeting their completion through international partnerships in order to obtain necessities
coverage at national level. Such measures will assure a better education to our children, real opportunities
of communicating for all citizens, which represent assumptions for long-term development of Romania.
Further, the access to information and communications may produce, in a relatively short time, a
development of the referred to location, too because the village inhabitants will learn to acquire information
in a better way and to sell their products.
• “Partners for Education”- The program will be available on a five year period, disposing of one million
dollars budget, and it will apply to kindergartens, primary schools, high schools, students and teachers from
pre-university system, offering IT lectures, in order to witness to the integration of Information Technology
and Communications (IT&C) in curriculum and learning process.
• Scientific and Technological Parks: This has to belong to the balanced deployment strategy of
Romania and therefore it is compulsory to build telecentres all over the country for activities with a high
degree of innovation, and long term viability. Romania has to be able to offer access to latest opportunities
and technologies for young people. These parks have as main activity the co-operation with universities,
shaping premises for a genuine authentic research and development process, permitting the spread of
activities for Romanian companies beyond the IT lohn, directed to the preponderate conceiving of unique
programs, which is going to fully use the creativeness of the Romanian people and their capacity to identify
new solutions. There must be specified the training lectures in the IT&C field, too, useful for the employees
of the hosted companies inside those technological parks in order to increase the competitiveness of the
human factor and assuring a continuous training and improvement.
• Developing the Programme SEI 3 (Computerized Educational System) and starting off SEI 4 (in charge
– within M.E.C. – General Directorate for Logistics, Administrative and Human Resources, General Director
Traian Ionescu, tel: 040 213132286, fax 040 213104218, http://www.edu.ro, http://portal.edu.ro, e-mail:
[email protected])
-The SEI Programme is a governmental programme that supports the reform objectives in education,
according to the strategy eEuropa developed by the European Union. The main elements of SEI are the
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following: hardware; AEL (Educational Assistance for schools and high schools); educational software and
electronic educational content, Internet connection, courses for teachers. Each level (national regional,
local) is in accordance with the already mentioned elements. AEL provides educational support,
autonomous learning, schools administrating and monitoring.
In this stage there can be mentioned the followings:
- Connection to the Internet of the BACALAUREAT 2004 examining centers (approximately 650 centers);
- It was initiated (starting from the 2nd of May 2004) a national study within the SEI Programme regarding
the formative impact of using AEL in education. During the first stage (25.05 –
10.06.2004) the headmasters of the high schools where AEL was implemented in 2003 have to fill in the
questionnaires;
- It was agreed with the ESign the proceedings for using the electronic signature as far as the
communication between the Ministry of Education and Research (M.Ed. C.) and its subordinated
institutions;
- The WEB page and portal of the Ministry will be completely redesigned (the costs will be paid by SEI 3
and SEI 4).
M.E.R. has taken all the necessary measures for starting SEI 4, at the moment being expected the
approval of the Ministry of Public Finance.
Concerning e-Content, Romania is part of the last year eContent program, which gives the
Romanian companies the opportunity to submit projects in order to obtain part of the approximately 27
millions euros offered by the European Union. Romania participates in the e-Content Community program
in the following fields:
- improving the access to information and extending the use of information in the public sector;
- stimulating the digital content production in a multicultural and multilinquistic environment;
- increasing the dynamism of the digital content market.
•
No available data
•
No available data
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Comparative Analysis with IST-Mentor Reports
Comparing the two reports we can say that there is a big difference between them starting with the
structure of the reports (we are referring only to IST-Mentor D2.3: Report on the needs of the 7 NAS
with respect to IST development and assimilation and IST-Mentor D2.2: Report in IST status of
market segments within the participating NAS in which there are references to our country – Romania).
The general information on IST from IST-Mentor Report D2.3 is represented in a table providing
information in numbers for years 1995 and 2002 of country background, ICT infrastructure & access,
computers & the internet, ICT expenditure and ICT business and government environment.
In our Mapping Report the general information is provided in a more complex and detailed manner. The
information is given taking into account the political and economical issues which influenced the
development of the IST sector over time. We have presented statistics of ICT product and service
development (between 2001 and 2004) assuming different growth rates and a comparison with the other
CEE countries.
In the next chapter the IST-Mentor report provided information about the national RTD network and its
activities. This includes the overall number of R&D units, the structure of the National Plan for Research,
Development and Innovation with focus on IST related programme “INFOSOC”. There are also provided
short descriptions of the national computers networks in research and education: RNC – The Romanian
National Reserch and Development Network and RoEduNet – The Romanian Education Network. A
summary of Romanian participation in FP 5 is given too.
In this Mapping report after the general part, information is detailed on the important sectors and
subsectors of IST presenting their evolution and situation. Beside this are provided the key players for each
sector/subsector. Where data was available, information was provided for each IST sector under the
following headings: government policy; future forecast and trends; related national and EU projects; trade
associations and institutes. The national programmes presented in the IST-Mentor report are also
mentioned under government funding schemes.
The IST-Mentor Report D2.3 only presented the impact of the software industry on the Romanian economy
using statistics from 2000 and 2004. The Romanian CEEC IST NET Mapping Report presents the
relevance and importance of the entire IST sector to the Romanian economy.
At the end of the IST-Mentor report there is a general SWOT analysis for Romania. In our CEEC-IST-NET
Mapping report, where data was available, a SWOT analysis was made for each IST sector.
Another difference between the reports is the clickable IST sector map used in this Mapping report.
In the IST-Mentor D2.2 report there are presented only the SWOT analysis for the knowledge-based
economy and eContent in Romania.
In conclusion, the CEEC IST NET Mapping report for Romania is more complex and has more detailed
information on the Romanian IST sector than the IST-Mentor D2.3 report and the IST-Mentor D2.2 report.
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List of references
1. ANRC (Romanian National Regulatory Authority for Communications)
2. ANRC, Study on the wholesale electronic communications markets aimed at identifying the relevant
markets for the access to the local loop, to the leased lines, and to the associated facilities,
September 16, 2003
3. Assessment of the situation and development prospects of the IT sector, 2004 – ARIES
4. Broadband implementation progress in Romania - Zsolt Nagy – Ministry of Communications and
Information Technology, 2005
5. Building Romania's Information Society, Dan Nica (Ministry of Communications and Information
Technology Romania)
6. EITO – European Information Technology Observatory (2003 book – statistics for 2003 are
estimated, 2004 data and 2005 data)
7. European Charter For Small Enterprises 2004 National Report – Romania
8. Eurostat (EU LPS –spring data; UOE questionnaire; Statistics on Science and Technology in
Europe Data 1991-2002. Part 1 and Statistics on Science and Technology in Europe Data 19912002. Part 2)
9. Future Prospects in Romania: Scenarios for the Development of the Knowledge Society in Romania
– Constantin Zamfirescu, Florin Filip, Boldur Barbat
10. Government of Romania, Ministry of Transports, Constructions and Tourism
11. Harvard E-readiness Report
12. IDC, World Bank, ANISP, and Roland Berger Study
13. Inter-Ministerial Council for road safety - Ministry of transport, construction and tourism, Romanian
road transport authority, Inter-Ministerial Council for road safety
14. International Telecommunications Union (ITU) data
15. IT Opportunities in Romania – ITProvision Belgium/Romania
16. ITC – Romanian Institute for Computers
17. Local E-government in Romania – A survey -Ovidiu Stoica, Gheorghe Filip
18. Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, 2001
19. Operators and IT’s International Cellular Networks (ICN) database
20. “Romanian Telecommunications and European Integration” Report (June 2004)
21. Romanian Association for Electronic and Software Industries, 2001
22. Survey on national public funding for Research in Information and Communication Technologies –
CISTRANA Project
23. The Ministry of Education and Research (2004 and latest statistics)
24. The NETWORKED and ELECTRONIC MEDIA technology platform as a tool to achieve the 2010
ambitions, June 2005
25. The World Bank – ICT at a glance 2003
26. Trends in Transport in the Black Sea Region - Haluk GERÇEK - Technical University of Istanbul,
Turkey, 1998
27. USDA by Region&Sector - Working to Promote U.S. Exports in the Rail and Mass Transit Sector –
March 2004
28. WITSA/IDC – “Digital Planet 2004- The Global Information Economy”
29. World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report, 2002-2003 and 2003-2004
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