State of Pet Health® 2016 Report

Transcription

State of Pet Health
2016 Report
®
Welcome
Welcome to Banfield Pet Hospital’s State of Pet Health® 2016 Report—
the first-of-its-kind to capture and analyze the medical data from 2.5 million
dogs and 500,000 cats. As the world’s largest veterinary practice, Banfield
currently operates more than 925 hospitals in 42* states, District of Columbia
and Puerto Rico with 16,000 associates caring for pets—including more than
2,900 licensed veterinarians.
In 2011, we published the first edition of our State of Pet Health® Report.
Because of our size and scale, as well as our ability to capture and analyze
millions of electronic pet medical records from pet visits at Banfield hospitals,
we are uniquely positioned to shed light on the health of companion animals
across the United States. Now in its sixth year, this annual publication is just one
way our practice shares our knowledge of pet health with pet owners and the profession at large.
Our inaugural State of Pet Health Report (2011) analyzed five-year trends of common diseases, finding
that many were on the rise. This year, we are revisiting these diseases and analyzing 10-year trends.
Data from our 2011 report act as a benchmark, giving us a unique perspective to explore how disease
prevalence has changed across the United States. Another enhancement this year is that, for the first time
since we expanded to Puerto Rico in 2013, we have adequate data from our hospitals on the island to
include in the 2016 report. We are proud to be able to provide information on pet health on the island
and better serve the pets of Puerto Rico.
Disease prevalence is constantly changing—there are several key conditions that are increasing in
prevalence and negatively affecting the health of our pet population. Similarly, there are a handful of
common diseases that are decreasing in prevalence, indicating pet owners are doing a better job of
partnering with their veterinarian on proactive disease management.
Otitis externa—In the five years since our 2011 publication, there has been a 6.4 percent decrease in
prevalence of otitis externa (inflammation of the ear) among dogs to 12.9 cases per 100. The prevalence
among cats has remained unchanged at 6.6 cases per 100 cats. While otitis externa has decreased in
dogs, it remains very common in certain breeds, particularly Golden Retrievers with 1 in 4 affected and
Labrador Retrievers with 1 in 5 receiving the diagnosis.
Fleas and ticks—Since 2011, flea infestations in dogs have decreased in prevalence by 8.3 percent
and have remained unchanged in cats. The abundance of fleas is dependent upon, among other factors,
the use of a flea preventive, geographic location within the United States and local weather patterns.
The prevalence of fleas in cats (10.9 cases per 100) is almost twice that of dogs (5.9 cases per 100),
indicating the need for greater education about flea control in the feline population. Ticks have decreased
over the past 10 years for dogs (11.3 percent decrease). Ticks are uncommon for cats, and over the past
10 years there has been a 9.9 percent decrease.
Internal parasites—Over the last five years, there has been a reduction of roundworms, whipworms
and tapeworms in dogs, though the prevalence of hookworms has remained relatively unchanged. In
cats, there has been a reduction of roundworms, hookworms, whipworms and tapeworms. Increased
use of flea prevention in dogs and cats, and increased use of heartworm prevention in dogs may explain
some of these changes. Tapeworm remains the most common parasite in cats (4.9 cases per 100),
which is greater than twice the prevalence seen in dogs (2.2 cases per 100). Since tapeworm infection is
initiated by the ingestion of fleas, this suggests that more cats need to be on flea prevention year-round.
We are encouraged that preventive care has helped decrease several common diseases over the past
decade, but there is still a lot of work to be done. As a practice, our focus is making a better world for pets
through preventive care, and we deeply believe that early diagnosis of disease will positively impact a
pet’s health. We hope the information in this report will be useful to both veterinarians and pet owners
as we partner to help pets live healthier lives.
Below is an overview of significant findings from this year’s report:
Diabetes—In 2011, we reported a 32 percent increase in canine diabetes and a 16 percent increase
in feline diabetes since 2006. Unfortunately, diabetes continues to grow in prevalence among dogs.
Canine diabetes has increased by 79.7 percent since 2006, while, in felines, the prevalence of diabetes
has increased 18.1 percent over the same time frame.
Heartworm disease—Heartworm continues to be one of the top three health risks for dogs seen in
Banfield hospitals in the Southern United States. We are happy to report that since 2011, there has been
a 33.1 percent decrease in cases, which is likely due to improved heartworm preventive compliance.
Data over the past two years show that there has been a 12 percent increase in the use of heartworm
preventives by dogs seen at Banfield hospitals—a step in the right direction.
Dental disease—The most common disease in dogs and cats continues to be dental disease, affecting
68 percent of cats and 76 percent of dogs. Dental disease has increased by 8 percent in dogs and 9.6
percent in cats since our initial report five years ago. We were pleased to learn that Banfield saw an
increase in the number of pets receiving dental cleanings in 2015, likely due to a better understanding
by pet owners of the importance of dental health in pets. In this report, you will also find information
on tooth resorption, a painful condition affecting nearly 1 out of 100 cats. This is a sharp rise of 1,587
percent over the past 10 years. The cause for this increase remains unknown and warrants further
research in this area.
2
*The 2016 report includes data from 43 states; we closed our single hospital in South Dakota in 2015. For purposes of this report,
data is included from South Dakota to showcase pet health trends in the state.
Sincerely,
Daniel S. Aja, DVM
Chief Medical Officer
Senior Vice President of Medical Operations
Understanding the data
The figures and graphs in this report are presented as cases per 10,000
(diabetes mellitus, heartworm disease, fleas, ticks and internal parasites)
or cases per 100 (dental disease and otitis externa). For example, in 2015
there were 56 positive cases of heartworm disease detected per 10,000
tests performed in dogs.
3
Introduction
In 2015, Banfield Pet Hospital cared for nearly 2.5 million dogs and 500,000 cats. Banfield’s
veterinarians, technicians and paraprofessionals use PetWare®, Banfield’s proprietary data/electronic
medical records system, to collect data from every pet cared for in Banfield hospitals. Information is
downloaded daily to the medical database at Banfield’s main campus in Portland, Oregon. Data are
then analyzed by Banfield’s internal research team, Banfield Applied Research & Knowledge (BARK).
Banfield’s commitment to providing high-quality veterinary care is grounded in evidence-based
medicine—this is supported by BARK’s team of researchers, many of whom are veterinarians and
are dedicated to population-based research. The BARK team analyzes the medical data of more than
8 million pet visits at Banfield hospitals each year to develop insights into diseases affecting pets.
Findings from the studies they conduct are shared with veterinarians and the public through various
avenues, including continuing education materials, scientific journals and the annual State of Pet
Health Report.
Our commitment also includes forming partnerships that will benefit pets and pet owners. This
philosophy led PetSmart®, the nation’s largest retailer of pet-related products and services, to ask
Banfield to bring high-quality care to its customers by opening pet hospitals in its stores in 1994. In
2007, Banfield joined the Mars, Incorporated family of businesses with the common goal of providing
the very best in veterinary care and nutrition to companion animals.
The State of Pet Health 2016 Report contains details of the most common and medically important
diagnoses affecting dogs and cats in the United States, according to their age, breed and geographical
location. In addition to the most common diagnoses affecting dogs and cats, this report also contains
details on how select diagnoses have changed over the last 10 years in prevalence and geographical
scope. These diagnoses have been selected because they are either the most common, preventable
and transmittable to humans (zoonotic disease) or medically important due to the effect on a pet’s
overall health and lifespan. The diagnoses include: diabetes mellitus, heartworm disease, dental
disease, otitis externa (ear infection), fleas, ticks and internal parasites (roundworms, hookworms,
tapeworms and whipworms).
We hope the information contained within this report will be useful to veterinarians, pet owners and
the public as we focus on raising awareness of important diseases affecting the overall health of pets.
With increased knowledge and education, we hope to successfully decrease the number of pets living
with common diseases.
Table of Contents
PET HEALTH TRENDS IN 2015
Breed Overview............................................................................ 6
Breed Trends................................................................................ 7
Most Common Diagnoses | Dogs................................................ 8-9
Most Common Diagnoses | Cats............................................. 10-11
DOGS & CATS COMMON DISEASES
Section One: Diabetes Mellitus.............................................. 12-14
Section Two: Heartworm........................................................ 15-17
Section Three: Dental Disease............................................... 18-21
Section Four: Otitis Externa................................................... 22-24
Section Five: Flea & Tick........................................................ 25-30
Section Six: Internal Parasites............................................... 31-37
Conclusion................................................................................. 38
Acknowledgments...................................................................... 39
Banfield Applied Research & Knowledge
Banfield Pet Hospital employs a team of skilled researchers to help our veterinarians
deliver the best care possible based on the latest medical evidence—this team is called
the Banfield Applied Research & Knowledge (BARK) team. BARK analyzes the medical data
of the more than 8 million pet visits at Banfield hospitals each year through Banfield’s
proprietary data medical records system, PetWare. The team then conducts research and
shares its findings with veterinarians and the public through a variety of formats. For the
State of Pet Health 2016 Report, the BARK team analyzed the medical records of the nearly
2.5 million dogs and nearly 500,00 cats cared for in Banfield hospitals in 2015.
4
5
Breed Overview
Breed Icon
Banfield sees
1 cat per every
5 dogs
Breed Trends
Dogs and cats can be prone to certain diseases based on their breed. For dogs,
breed size can also put them at an increased risk for certain diseases. As such, breed
and breed size have become important in veterinary medicine to understand the
diseases or conditions to which a dog may be predisposed.
The most common dog breeds cared for in Banfield hospitals have remained similar over the past
decade. We have seen an increase in the popularity of Chihuahuas (+35 percent), Yorkshire Terriers (+95
percent), Shih Tzus (+39 percent), Maltese (+87 percent), Pit Bulls (+24 percent) and Boxers (+6 percent)
and a decrease in the popularity of Labrador Retrievers (-17 percent), German Shepherds (-7 percent),
Dachshunds (-9 percent) and mixed breeds (-11 percent).
Top 10 Dog Breeds in 2015
Cat – average weight: 10 lbs
Common Breeds
45%
of dogs seen
at Banfield
Domestic Shorthair
Domestic Medium Hair
Domestic Longhair
16%
Feline respiratory virus
Kidney disease
Tapeworms
Common Names
Kitty
Bella
Luna
Toy/Small – weight: <20 lbs
Common Breeds
of dogs seen
at Banfield
Common Diagnoses
Chihuahua
Maltese
Shih Tzu
Yorkshire Terrier
Common Diagnoses
Dental tartar
Patellar luxation
(kneecap pops out of place)
Retained baby teeth
Common Names
Bella
Max
Coco
Daisy
Medium – weight: 20 - <50 lbs
Common Breeds
Common Diagnoses
Common Names
Border Collie
Conjunctivitis (eye infection) Bella
Pit Bull*
Cystitis (bladder inflammation) Max
Cocker Spaniel
Underbite
Buddy
Schnauzer
Lucy
36%
of dogs seen
at Banfield
Large – weight: 50 - <90 lbs
Common Breeds
Common Diagnoses
German Shepherd
Gastroenteritis (GI upset)
Golden Retriever
Otitis externa (ear infection)
Labrador Retriever
Overweight
Boxer
Common Names
Bella
Max
Bailey
Buddy
Giant – weight: >90 lbs
Common Breeds
3%
of dogs seen
at Banfield
6
Common Diagnoses
Great Dane
Arthritis
Great Pyrenees
Lameness
Mastiff
Skin tumor
St. Bernard
Common Names
Bella
Zeus
Bear
Max
Chihuahua
1
Labrador Retriever
2
Yorkshire Terrier
3
Shih Tzu
4
Pit Bull
5
German Shepherd
6
Maltese
7
Mixed Breed
8
Dachshund
9
Boxer
10
* The weight range for Pit Bulls covers both medium and large breed categories. They have been
defined in this report as medium breed.
The most common cat breeds have remained consistent over the past 10 years. They include:
Domestic Shorthair, Domestic Medium Hair and Domestic Longhair.
7
Most Common Diagnoses | Dogs
80
Ag
75
70
65
60
55
50
Proportion of Patients (%)
45
30
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
m
s
ew
or
Ta
p
Sk
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t
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ir)
0
Diagnosis Type
Age Group
(0 - <1 year)
8
(1 - <3 years)
(3 - <10 years)
These diagnoses are a compilation of the most common diagnoses found in dogs throughout the year. While “Healthy Pet” is not a true medical diagnosis, it is important to include as it
reinforces that pet owners should bring their pets to the veterinarian for preventive care, as well as when their pets are sick or injured. Reasons for a “Healthy Pet” visit include physical
examinations, routine vaccinations and blood work or nutritional counseling, among others.
9
Most Common Diagnoses | Cats
65
60
55
50
45
40
Proportion of Patients (%)
35
30
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
m
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ew
or
Ta
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wo
rm
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al
(le aise
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)
Ch
ro
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(th erth
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ite
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)
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(e jun
ye ct
in ivit
fe is
ct
io
n)
0
Diagnosis Type
Age Group
10
These diagnoses are a compilation of the most common diagnoses found in cats throughout the year. While “Healthy Pet” is not a true medical diagnosis, it is important to include,
as it reinforces that pet owners should bring their pets to the veterinarian for preventive care, as well as when their pets are sick or injured. Reasons for a “Healthy Pet” visit include
physical examinations, routine vaccinations and blood work or nutritional counseling, among others.
(0 - <1 year)
(1 - <3 years)
(3 - <10 years)
11
Section One: Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas
produces adequate amounts of insulin but the
body is resistant to it. This is similar to the form
of diabetes that develops in adult humans
and can be treated with insulin, diet and other
medications. Cats can suffer from either form
of diabetes mellitus, but are more commonly
affected by Type 2; dogs are more commonly
affected by Type 1.
After confirming a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
and determining whether a pet has other health
concerns, a veterinarian will most likely begin
treatment with diet modification and insulin
injections. Management of a diabetic pet can be
challenging for both veterinarians and pet owners,
as every pet responds differently to treatment.
Ongoing management of the disease requires
regular trips to the veterinarian to assess how the
pet is doing, monitor blood glucose levels and
decide whether modifications to the treatment
plan are necessary.
Bottom line:
Diabetes Mellitus | Dog | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
Cases (per 10,000)
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in dogs
increased from 13.1 cases per 10,000 in
2006 to 23.6 cases per 10,000 in 2015—a
79.7 percent increase.
20
Cases (per 10,000)
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in cats
increased from 57.2 cases per 10,000 in
2006 to 67.6 cases per 10,000 in 2015.
Although this represents only an 18.1
percent increase, diabetes mellitus is much
more common in cats than in dogs. This
increase occured from 2006-2011 with little
change in prevalence since 2011.
25
In 2015, Nevada, Montana, Iowa, Wisconsin
and Kentucky had the greatest prevalence of
diabetes mellitus in dogs, while New Mexico,
Delaware, District of Columbia, Wisconsin and
Arkansas had the greatest prevalence in cats.
15
10
5
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Key takeaway: Since 2006, there has been a 79.7 percent increase in canine diabetes. Regular
veterinary visits can help identify the disease process early and begin appropriate therapy to
reduce the risk of diabetic complications.
Diabetes Mellitus | Cat | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
Preventive recommendations:
Twice-a-year examinations help
veterinarians detect clinical signs of
diabetes mellitus early and reduce
complications associated with the
disease.
Keeping cats from becoming
overweight or obese through
proper exercise, nutrition and
dietary management can reduce
the risk of diabetes mellitus and
other serious diseases.
80
Cases (per 10,000)
70
Cases (per 10,000)
Diabetes mellitus is a serious medical condition
in which a pet cannot control blood sugar levels
due to problems with insulin production or
function. Pet owners’ most common concerns are
when pets display polyuria (excessive urination),
polydipsia (excessive thirst) and weight loss
despite a good appetite. Diabetes mellitus is a
chronic disease, requiring lifelong treatment and
monitoring. There are two main types of diabetes
mellitus: Type 1 (insulin dependent) and Type 2
(non-insulin dependent). Type 1 diabetes mellitus
occurs when there is very low or no production of
insulin by the pancreas. This is similar to the form
of diabetes seen in children.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
1212
Key takeaway: Diabetes is nearly three times more common in cats than dogs. Maintaining a
normal weight in cats can reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
13
Section One: Diabetes Mellitus
Section Two: Heartworm Disease
Diabetes Mellitus
2015 Diabetes Mellitus | Dog
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
32
MT
42
ME
ND
58
OR
MN
ID
SD
47
49
NV
59
UT
14
IL
35
CO
44
48
34
KS
AZ
46
KY
37
DE
31
33
DC
31
NC
25
SC
39
19
LA
TX
NJ
VA
49
MS
37
GA
AL
30
31
38
31
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
No Banfield Hospital
States with Highest Prevalence
WV
AR
36
45
Risk Level
34
41
25
40
MD
TN 37
OK
NM
IN
33
CT
40
OH
MO
34
RI
33
PA
56
36
32
26
MI
IA
NE
MA
NH
44
NY
WI
31
WY
CA
VT
32
PR 14
FL
37
2015 Diabetes Mellitus | Cat
Diabetes Mellitus
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
97
MT
OR
90
MN
ID
WY
CA
UT
116
85
149
IL
85
CO
KS
118
131
OK
57
NM
164
AR
MS
Risk Level
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
1414
TX
87
93
DE
VA
164
NC
152
DC
After infection, heartworms migrate to the blood
vessels of the lungs and to the right side of
the heart. Heartworms are capable of causing
permanent damage to the heart and lungs before
a pet shows any signs of disease. While there
are treatment options for heartworm disease
in dogs, there is currently no safe treatment for
heartworm disease in cats or ferrets.
Clinical signs most commonly observed in pets
with heartworm disease include coughing,
lethargy, difficulty breathing and sometimes
hemoptysis (coughing up blood). Sudden death
occurs rarely in dogs, but occurs more commonly
in cats. Treatment for heartworm disease is
neither simple nor risk free. The most common
post-treatment complication is the development
of pulmonary thromboembolism (clots within the
lungs), caused by a combination of inflammation
in the blood vessels, an increased ability to form
blood clots and the die-off of worms. Some
degree of pulmonary thromboembolism will
occur whenever heartworm disease is treated.
Widespread blockage of pulmonary arteries can
occur when worms die in great numbers.
Exercise after treatment can increase the chances of
complications due to pulmonary thromboemboli,
which is why exercise restriction is so important
during and after treatment.
SC
137
LA
87
75
TN 63
RI
NJ
94
75
115
CT
108
MD
WV
KY
MA
76
PA
82
71
83
101
OH
IN
MO
113
AZ
79
123
NH
68
MI
IA
90
116
NY
WI
0
NE
NV
VT
115
SD
72
131
ME
ND
119
Heartworm disease is a serious but preventable
condition caused by Dirofilaria immitis—long,
slender parasitic worms that can reach up to
12 inches in length. Heartworm disease affects
dogs, cats and ferrets, and is potentially fatal.
Dirofilaria immitis is transmitted from one pet
to another by mosquitoes. Both indoor and
outdoor pets are at risk for heartworm disease.
70
AL
90
GA
103
88
62
FL
98
PR 14
Did you know?
Companion pets are not the only animals
susceptible to heartworm disease.
Certain wild animals can become
infected as well, providing other potential
sources through which mosquitoes might
transmit heartworms to pets.
Bottom line:
Heartworm disease shows a distinct geographic
trend, with states in the Southeast having the
highest prevalence of positive tests. In 2015,
4.1 percent of heartworm tests performed
in Mississippi were positive; 3.9 percent in
Louisiana; 3.6 percent in Arkansas and 1.6
percent in Puerto Rico and Alabama.
Based on our data, the odds of a dog contracting
heartworm disease in Mississippi are 171 times
those of contracting the disease in Nevada, the
state with the lowest prevalence of the disease.
This is followed by Lousiana, where the odds
are 165 times greater than those of contracting
heartworm in Nevada.
The prevalence of heartworm disease in dogs has
decreased from 92.6 cases per 10,000 tests in
2006 to 54.2 cases per 10,000 tests in 2015—
a 41.5 percent decrease. This decrease is likely due
to increased heartworm preventive administration.
Over the past two years at Banfield, there has been
a corresponding 12 percent increase in heartworm
preventive administration.
Although heartworm disease is more common
during the warmer months, it is a year-round
condition and has been diagnosed in every
month and every state where Banfield has
a hospital.*
*The American Heartworm Society reports that
dogs testing positive for heartworm disease have
been identified in all 50 states.
Heartworm tests for dogs,
including dogs receiving yearround preventive medication,
should be performed annually.
Year-round preventives should be
given as either a monthly medication
(topical or pill) or twice-yearly
injection for dogs. Cats in heartwormendemic areas should receive a
monthly preventive medication.
15
Section Two: Heartworm Disease
Heartworm
2015 Heartworm Disease | Dog
Heartworm Disease | Dog | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
Cases (per 10,000)
Cases (per 10,000)
100
WA
6
MT
Cases (per 10,000)
80
3
MN
ID
IL
16
CO
7
13
7
KS
AZ
8
OK
67
NM
8
KY
35
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
TX
136
5
DC
30
NC
SC
MS
Risk Level
11
DE
101
AR
359
LA
26
24
TN 125
RI
NJ
VA
12
21
CT
15
MD
WV
MA
30
8
16
39
22
PA
OH
IN
MO
29
20
23
0
NH
10
MI
IA
9
UT
CA
40
16
NE
NV
NY
WI
26
WY
2
VT
12
SD
3
60
ME
ND
6
OR
410
AL
158
GA
138
99
394
FL
PR 164
60
Key takeaway: There has been a 33.1 percent decrease in heartworm prevalence since 2011.
Heartworm in Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico is ranked among the top five states and territories for heartworm disease in dogs.
While we cannot be certain, the high prevalence may be due to the tropical climate, which
creates unique challenges for pets on the island. The climate favors sustained levels of disease
transmission year round, which may account for the above-average prevalence of infectious
diseases. Puerto Rico is also ranked among the top five states and territories for otitis externa,
ticks, roundworms, hookworms and whipworms in dogs and cats. Conversely, for reasons
unknown, Puerto Rico ranked the lowest for prevalence of diabetes and dental disease.
Heartworm disease in cats
Heartworm disease does affect cats. Although there is no safe treatment for infected
cats, heartworm testing is still important in determining whether a cat has heartworm
disease in order to rule out other medical conditions that may present similar clinical
signs as heartworm disease, such as asthma. Indoor cats, particularly in endemic
areas, are also at risk since mosquitoes can enter the home. These cats should receive
monthly preventive medication.
1616
17
Section Three: Dental Disease
Risk factors for developing dental disease in
dogs include increasing age and small breed
size. Dental disease can occur at any age, but
the risk increases as pets age. Prevention early in
life may help reduce the frequency and severity
of dental disease later in life. Professional
dental cleanings under general anesthesia
are vital because they include measures pet
owners can’t take at home. These measures
include a thorough examination of a pet’s teeth
and gums as well as the use of special tools to
remove tartar from the teeth below the gum
line. Dental radiographs can also be taken at
this time to evaluate the entire tooth and check
for bone loss or abscesses.
Bottom line:
Since 2006, there has been a 23.3 percent rise
in the prevalence of dental disease in dogs,
with steady growth each year.
There has been a 23.1 percent rise in the
prevalence of dental disease in cats in the last
10 years.
In 2015, Minnesota, Nevada, Iowa and
Nebraska had the greatest prevalence of
dental disease in dogs, while Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Nevada and Washington had the
greatest prevalence in cats.
1818
Regular dental examinations by a
veterinarian and annual professional
dental cleanings beginning at 1 year
of age for cats and small to medium
breed dogs, and 2 years of age
for large and giant breed dogs are
recommended.
Tooth brushing once daily to every
other day is best to help mitigate the
progression of periodontal disease.
Avoid using human toothpaste as this
contains high-foaming detergents
and abrasives that may be harmful
to pets.
80
Cases (per 100)
70
60
Cases (per 100)
Periodontal disease is classified by the severity
of its impact on teeth and gums. It is divided
into four stages, ranging from mild tartar and
gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), to gingival
recession and degradation of the periodontal
ligament, to significant inflammation and loss
of teeth. Periodontal disease, when severe, can
lead to bacterial infections and abscesses, as
well as significant oral pain.
Dental Disease | Dog | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
Of the most popular dog breeds, the highest
prevalence of dental disease was observed in
Dachshunds (85 percent), Yorkshire Terriers
(80 percent), Shih Tzus (79 percent) and
Maltese (79 percent).
50
40
30
20
10
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Key takeaway: Since 2006, the prevalence of dental disease in dogs has increased by 23.3
percent. At-home dental care, such as teeth brushing and offering dental chews, can help
slow the progression of dental disease.*
Dental Disease | Cat | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
80
Dental chews, water additives and
specially formed dry pet food may
also be used to help prevent tartar
buildup.
Cases (per 100)
70
60
Cases (per 100)
Dental disease is the most common disease
in dogs and cats, affecting 76 percent of dogs
and 68 percent of cats. Dental disease includes
any health issue affecting the mouth, including
inflammation, tartar, gingivitis and periodontal
disease, among other issues.
50
40
30
20
10
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Key takeaway: Since 2006, the prevalence of dental disease in cats has increased by 23.1
percent. Cats have also had an increase in other painful dental conditions, including a 68.8
percent increase in stomatitis and a 1,587 percent increase in tooth resorption. A dental
procedure under general anesthesia is needed to address both of these conditions.*
* Graphs are age-adjusted to allow for accurate comparison across years, and therefore differ from the overall prevalence rates
reported in the text.
19
Section Three: Dental Disease
Dental Disease
2015 Dental Disease | Dog
What would be the impact on cat health if periodontal disease were eliminated?
Cases (per 100)
WA
79
MT
78
ME
ND
80
OR
MN
ID
SD
78
80
82
UT
CA
IL
79
CO
79
80
72
KS
74
DC
72
NC
71
SC
MS
54
LA
GA
AL
74
76
75
68
76
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
DE
VA
72
70
TX
69
80
AR
77
Risk Level
WV
KY
56
NJ
76
MD
TN 73
72
CT
75
77
73
79
OK
NM
77
IN
RI
60
PA
OH
MO
80
AZ
80
82
72
68
MI
IA
NE
NV
MA
NH
72
NY
WI
60
WY
82
VT
85
PR 53
FL
79
2015 Dental Disease | Cat
Dental Disease
Cases (per 100)
WA
76
MT
75
ME
ND
73
OR
MN
ID
78
SD
72
79
73
UT
CA
IL
70
CO
75
75
66
KS
69
OK
69
NM
67
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
2020
TX
65
DE
72
DC
68
63
SC
57
LA
60
NC
AR
MS
Risk Level
45
74
TN 63
42
AL
64
GA
66
66
48
FL
RI
NJ
VA
62
70
70
CT
68
MD
WV
KY
MA
53
69
69
61
59
PA
OH
IN
MO
73
AZ
72
71
NH
58
MI
IA
NE
NV
NY
WI
45
WY
80
VT
There are two dental conditions affecting cats that
have seen very significant increases in prevalence
over the past 10 years that are worth noting: tooth
resorption and stomatitis. Although we can’t say
for certain why these diseases are on the rise,
we do know that a thorough oral exam as part
of a professional dental cleaning under general
anesthesia is necessary to identify the extent of
these disease conditions. Appropriate treatment
may also be provided at this time.
Tooth resorption is a painful condition in cats
where the tooth is broken down by the body
beginning at or below the gum line. It is most
easily identified during a dental cleaning under
general anesthesia and is treated by extraction of
the affected tooth. Tooth resorption has increased
dramatically in cats from 5.4 cases per 10,000 in
2006 to 91.6 cases per 10,000 in 2015—a 1,587
percent increase. It is uncertain why such a dramatic
increase in this condition has been observed.
Did you know?
There is a link between periodontal disease
and chronic kidney disease in cats?
Periodontal disease in cats, dogs and
humans has been associated with
increased risk of developing chronic
kidney disease, a severe and debilitating
illness.
BARK research has shown that if periodontal
disease were eliminated, there could be up
to 15,000 fewer cases of chronic kidney
disease in cats nationwide.
Stomatitis in cats is generalized inflammation
and ulceration of the oral cavity. The disease is
treated with a partial or full mouth tooth extraction
and, if needed, anti-inflammatory medications.
Although this condition can occur in any cat, it has
been linked with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
(FIV) and certain bacterial infections. Stomatitis
in cats has increased by 68.8 percent from 37.7
cases per 10,000 in 2006 to 63.7 cases per
10,000 in 2015.
Cats do not always show outward signs of oral
pain, making it difficult for owners to know there
is a problem. The exact cause of tooth resorption
and stomatitis is not well understood. Therefore,
it is difficult to know the best preventive measures
for these diseases. Regular professional dental
cleanings with a thorough oral exam is warranted
to detect these diseases early and provide
appropriate therapy.
PR 39
68
21
Section Four: Otitis Externa
Otitis externa in dogs and cats can be triggered
by many different causes. Problems associated
with otitis externa include food allergies, ear
mites, bacterial or yeast infections, or irritation
from foreign bodies such as pieces of plants,
shrubs and trees. Diagnosis of otitis externa
is made using an otoscope to look into the ear
canal and assess the amount of inflammation
present, whether the ear drum is involved, and
whether there are any foreign bodies, tumors or
other potential causes present. Swabs of the ear
canal can be examined under the microscope for
bacteria, yeast and mites. A thorough history and
physical examination may help to determine the
cause of the problem, especially in the case of
allergies.
Bottom line:
Otitis externa is in the top 10 diagnoses for
both dogs and cats.
In 2015, 12.9 percent of dogs and 6.6 percent
of cats were diagnosed with otitis externa.
There has been a 30.1 percent increase in the
prevalence of otitis externa in cats, with all
of the growth occurring between 2006 and
2010. The prevalence has remained steady
since 2010.
2222
In 2015, Puerto Rico, Alabama, Florida,
Michigan and South Carolina had the greatest
prevalence of otitis externa in dogs, while
Puerto Rico, Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio and
Florida had the greatest prevalence in cats.
Of the popular breeds, Golden Retrievers
and Labrador Retrievers are at the greatest
risk of otitis externa, with 1 out of 4 Golden
Retrievers and 1 out of 5 Labrador Retrievers
receiving this diagnosis.
Cases (per 100)
14
12
Cases (per 100)
Clinical signs of ear problems exhibited by
dogs and cats include: odor, scratching or
rubbing of ears and head, discharge in the ears,
or redness or swelling of the ear flap or canal.
Some pets may show discomfort by shaking
their head or tilting it to one side, reacting with
pain dramatically when touched around the
ears or showing changes in behavior such as
depression or irritability.
Otitis Externa | Dog | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
The prevalence of otitis externa in dogs peaked
in 2010 at 14.3 percent. Since that time, the
prevalence has decreased by 9.8 percent.
10
8
6
4
2
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Ear cleaning at least one to two times
weekly; using proper techniques is
essential for maintaining healthy
ear canals in dogs that have been
diagnosed with ear infections (or
are at risk for ear infections).
Certain pets, such as dogs with
allergies, may be predisposed to
recurrent ear infections. Partnering
with your veterinarian to manage
underlying conditions contributing
to ear infections can help reduce
the frequency and severity of ear
infections.
Year
Key takeaway: An ear infection may become a chronic or recurrent problem, which can be
frustrating and expensive to treat. Left untreated, the infection can spread to the middle and
inner ear, ultimately resulting in hearing loss.
Otitis Externa | Cat | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
8
Cases (per 100)
7
6
Cases (per 100)
Otitis externa is inflammation of the outer ear
canal. Otitis externa is an important disease
not only because it is common, but because
it causes significant discomfort and can
become a lifelong problem that is expensive to
treat. Dogs are twice as likely to develop ear
infections than cats.
5
4
3
2
1
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Key takeaway: Ear infections are about half as common in cats compared to dogs, with 6.6
percent of cats diagnosed in 2015. Feline ear problems can be caused by food allergies,
parasites or from foreign bodies such as peices of plants, shrubs or trees. Bacterial or yeast
infections commonly occur secondary to inflammation of the ear canal.
23
Section Four: Otitis Externa
Section Five: Flea & Tick
Otitis Externa
2015 Otitis Externa | Dog
Fleas
Cases (per 100)
WA
13
MT
13
ME
ND
8
OR
MN
ID
13
SD
11
13
14
UT
CA
17
13
IL
13
CO
9
8
15
KS
MO
14
AZ
13
GA
AL
17
14
18
PR 32
FL
18
Ticks
2015 Otitis Externa | Cat
Otitis Externa
Cases (per 100)
WA
5
MT
5
ME
ND
3
OR
MN
ID
9
CA
IL
8
CO
3
2
6
KS
6
OK
5
NM
3
KY
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
2424
TX
7
NJ
5
DE
DC
7
NC
8
AR
SC
2
4
AL
9
GA
8
6
5
FL
10
Ticks are small arachnids (relatives of spiders)
that live by sucking blood from mammals,
including humans. They are found in most parts
of the United States and can transmit diseases
such as Lyme disease or Rocky Mountain
spotted fever to dogs, humans and other
mammals. These diseases can potentially be
life-threatening.
One of the greatest risks that ticks pose to
pets is the transmission of Lyme disease. Lyme
disease has been identified across the country
with the highest prevalence in the Northeast
and the Great Lakes region.
4
8
TN 7
LA
7
VA
11
MS
Risk Level
WV
7
RI
CT
7
MD
10
MA
7
6
OH
10
6
4
PA
IN
MO
88
AZ
8
6
4
NH
5
MI
IA
NE
NV
NY
WI
3
WY
UT
VT
6
SD
5
7
Flea allergy dermatitis is one of the most common
skin conditions in dogs and cats. As fleas bite to
eat, they inject saliva under the skin causing an
irritation that can lead to scratching, hair loss and
infections. In addition to the irritation caused by
the bite, fleas can also transmit tapeworms and
spread certain infectious diseases.
Large numbers of fleas can even consume so
much blood that a puppy, kitten or a small pet
can die as a result of blood loss (flea anemia).
12
13
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
7
LA
TX
DC
NC
SC
MS
Risk Level
10
14
12
6
DE
15
15
AR
12
NM
12
14
VA
TN 14
OK
15
NJ
14
MD
WV
KY
13
CT
14
16
14
RI
14
PA
OH
IN
16
NH
13
MI
IA
NE
NV
MA
14
NY
WI
6
WY
13
VT
Fleas are common external parasites of mammals
across the globe, and the prevalence of fleas is
highest of all the external parasites. Fleas (as
well as ticks) are important external parasites to
prevent; their bite causes a great deal of irritation,
and they can transmit disease to both animals
and humans.
PR 32
Clinical signs most commonly observed in pets
with Lyme disease include: red area where tick
was attached (often unnoticed), fever, shifting
leg lameness, joint swelling, enlarged lymph
nodes, anorexia and general depression.
Bottom line:
In 2015, fleas were among the most common
parasites found in both dogs and cats.
Overall, the prevalence of flea infestation in
dogs has increased 5.6 percent since 2006,
with a peak increase in 2012 at 7.5 cases
per 100 and a decrease to 5.9 cases per
100 in 2015.
Since 2006, cats showed a 9.9 percent
increase in the prevalence of flea infestation,
with a peak increase in 2012 at 12.2 cases
per 100 and a decrease to 10.9 cases per
100 in 2015.
The prevalence of fleas in cats is twice that of
dogs, indicating that more cats need to be on
flea prevention.
In 2015, Louisiana, Alabama and Florida
were among the top five states and territories
with the greatest prevalence of fleas in cats
and dogs.
There was an 11.3 percent decrease in tick
infestations in dogs over the past 10 years.
In both dogs and cats, Puerto Rico, Arkansas
and Massachusetts were among the top
five states and territories with the highest
prevalence of ticks.
Among the popular breeds, large breed dogs,
including German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers,
Pit Bulls and Labrador Retrievers were more
likely to have ticks than small breed dogs. This
may be due to a more active outdoor lifestyle of
large breed dogs.
Lyme disease can be a long-term, painful and
potentially debilitating disease, which is much
easier to prevent than treat.
25
Fleas | Dog | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
Pet owners should only use flea and tick preventatives that have been registered and
approved for use with the EPA or FDA.
Prevention of tick infestation involves environmental management (such as building
fences and cutting grass to reduce access to tick habitat) and application of approved
products to animals or the environment.
700
Cases (per 10,000)
Many suitable products are available for the prevention and treatment of fleas. These
are available in the form of shampoos, rinses, sprays, mists/fogs, chewable tablets
and spot-on treatments. Before selecting a product, pet owners should work directly
with a veterinarian to ensure the selected product is appropriate for their pet’s lifestyle
and health.
Cases (per 10,000)
800
600
500
400
300
200
When returning from outdoor activities, a pet’s skin and coat should be inspected in
order to identify fleas and ticks.
100
Some ingredients in flea and tick preventives are not safe for use in cats. Pet owners
with both dogs and cats in the home should discuss proper preventive medications
with their veterinarian to eliminate any health risks to cats.
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Key takeaway: Since 2006, the prevalence of fleas in dogs has increased by 5.6 percent.
Did you know?
Fleas live in areas frequented by animals and humans
and seek out dark, warm, humid places—usually carpets,
bedding, under furniture or in garden debris.
Flea | Cat | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
1600
80
Physical removal of a tick using tweezers within 24 to 48 hours is thought to prevent
transmission of most tick-carried diseases.
Flea allergies
Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is an inflammatory reaction in response to proteins in flea
saliva. Clinical signs vary in severity and can include generalized itching or biting at the skin,
redness, inflammation and alopecia (fur loss exposing the skin below). 2626
26
“Hot spots” or moist dermatitis is common with FAD. Ear infections (otitis externa) and foot
infections (pododermatitis) may also develop. Treatment requires aggressive flea therapy
and control of the inflammation, generally with a steroid such as prednisone. Antibiotics
or antifungal medications may be warranted if a secondary skin or ear infection is present.
1400
70
Cases (per 10,000)
Indoor-only pets are also at risk for fleas and ticks since these parasites can unknowingly
be on people, other animals or materials that enter the pet’s environment. Therefore, it is
important to continue using flea and tick preventives on indoor pets.
Cases (per 10,000)
1200
60
1000
50
800
40
600
30
400
20
200
10
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Key takeaway: Since 2006, the prevalence of fleas in cats has increased by 9.9 percent.
27
Fleas
2015 Fleas | Dog
Tick | Dog | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
160
80
Cases (per 10,000)
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
868
MT
Cases (per 10,000)
140
70
852
120
60
MN
ID
40
CA
IL
195
CO
27
45
752
KS
AZ
469
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
TX
NC
188
DC
662
GA
AL
1,097
884
1,018
1,062
861
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
429
SC
MS
Risk Level
DE
VA
758
943
LA
287
409
AR
88
10
20
WV
KY
NJ
318
MD
562
TN 665
OK
952
NM
33
CT
236
397
OH
IN
577
RI
285
PA
450
MO
601
20
40
323
242
155
UT
228
304
MI
IA
NE
NV
30
60
98
MA
NH
289
NY
WI
23
WY
100
50
VT
44
SD
102
40
80
ME
ND
43
OR
PR 692
FL
1,003
Key takeaway: Since 2006, tick prevalence has decreased by 11.3 percent.
2015 Fleas | Cat
Fleas
Cases (per 10,000)
Tick | Cat | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
80
40
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
1,947
MT
70
35
1,796
MN
ID
Cases (per 10,000)
60
30
26
30
15
245
IL
421
32
KS
824
AZ
55
20
10
735
IA
OK
1,350
NM
210
MO
TN 1,214
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Key takeaway: Ticks remain an uncommon problem in cats and have decreased 9.9 percent
over the last 10 years.
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
TX
1,215
DE
VA
886
NC
101
DC
SC
934
LA
NJ
637
1,298
AR
RI
CT
696
752
MS
Risk Level
WV
669
706
633
MD
1,110
MA
726
PA
KY
985
711
930
OH
IN
971
NH
791
MI
423
CO
1,460
10
5
2828
UT
CA
40
20
120
NE
NV
NY
WI
0
WY
53
VT
113
SD
82
50
25
ME
ND
0
OR
1,164
AL
1,841
GA
1,643
1,420
1,665
FL
PR 1,541
1,871
29
Section Six: Internal Parasites
Ticks
2015 Ticks | Dog
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
29
MT
36
ME
ND
14
OR
MN
ID
SD
31
46
18
IL
45
CO
8
14
75
KS
KY
GA
AL
76
107
130
49
74
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
57
LA
TX
47
NC
SC
140
MS
Risk Level
85
DC
101
AR
203
DE
129
TN 141
101
117
VA
54
104
OK
NM
124
WV
Roundworms and hookworms are zoonotic
parasites that inhabit the intestinal tract of
dogs and cats. While most common in puppies
and kittens, infection can occur in dogs and
cats of all ages. The mouthparts of hookworms
attach to the pet’s small intestine allowing
them to feed on the pet’s blood. Roundworms
and hookworms can cause mild to extreme
illness in pets and even death in some cases.
NJ
100
MD
34
Roundworms and hookworms
CT
76
129
OH
31
RI
91
PA
IN
MO
98
AZ
18
26
65
UT
137
88
MI
IA
NE
NV
MA
NH
63
NY
WI
31
WY
CA
VT
66
Most pets infected with roundworms and
hookworms show no signs of infection. Some
pets, especially puppies or kittens, become
noticeably ill from roundworms and hookworms.
Clinical signs most commonly observed in
pets severely infected with roundworms and
hookworms include: vomiting, severe weight
loss, loss of appetite, distended abdomen,
severe anemia and even death.
PR 1,594
FL
128
2015 Ticks | Cat
Ticks
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
Tapeworms
3
MT
ME
ND
12
OR
5
MN
ID
0
UT
CA
IL
7
CO
0
2
4
KS
4
OK
47
NM
5
KY
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
TX
9
37
DE
48
DC
0
NC
36
AR
SC
82
LA
46
48
TN 44
0
AL
29
GA
RI
NJ
VA
9
MS
Risk Level
WV
78
CT
43
MD
10
MA
29
67
OH
13
25
46
PA
IN
MO
14
AZ
6
27
5
NH
38
MI
IA
NE
NV
NY
WI
0
WY
2
VT
14
SD
0
3030
Internal parasites are important to diagnose
as they can cause vomiting, diarrhea and poor
absorption of nutrients from the food pets eat.
Additionally, some of the most common internal
parasites carry a zoonotic risk because they can
be transmitted from animals to humans.
20
24
Tapeworms are long, flat, segmented parasites
that live in the small intestines of dogs, cats,
domestic animals and wildlife. Tapeworms do
not have a mouth; instead, they attach to the
inside of the intestines with suckers. Some also
have hooks to aid attachment. Pets infected
with tapeworms may not show any clinical
signs; pet owners usually notice tapeworm
segments around the anal area or on the
surface of the stool. The segments may move
or appear as grains of rice caught in the hair
around the rectum. They may also be found in
places where infected pets rest and sleep.
Whipworms
Whipworms live in the intestines of dogs,
coyotes and wolves. Cats may also become
infected with whipworms, but it is more
common in dogs. Adult whipworms are
shaped very thin at the front and become
wider toward the rear. As with roundworms
and hookworms, many pets infected with
whipworms will initially show no sign of
infection. However, whipworms can cause
mild to extreme illness in pets and, in some
cases, lead to death. Whipworm infection can
lead to bloody diarrhea, severe weight loss,
dehydration and severe anemia.
Whipworms can cause disease in humans;
however, there is no evidence that they are
transmitted from animals to humans.
Who in the family is at risk?
All human family members are potentially at
risk from zoonotic parasites. The presence
of dogs in a household, especially puppies,
increases this risk due to their soiling habits.
Cats can also transmit zoonotic parasites, but
due to their tendency to defecate in one area
and bury their feces, exposure is less likely.
Children run a higher risk of contracting a
parasite due to their play habits, attraction to
pets and pica (eating dirt, most commonly). In
addition to regular deworming of pets, proper
hygiene (such as handwashing after handling
stool) is one of the best ways to reduce the risk
of zoonotic diseases.
21
FL
PR 98
16
31
Internal Parasites | Dog | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
Over the past 10 years, there has been
a 36.1 percent decrease in whipworm
prevalence in dogs. Whipworm infection
remains uncommon in cats at 3.3 cases per
10,000 in 2015.
Tapeworm remains the most common
parasite in cats (488 cases per 10,000)
and dogs (215 cases per 10,000). The
prevalence of tapeworm infection in cats is
more than twice that of dogs.
Did you know?
Tapeworms are transmitted to dogs and
cats through the ingestion of fleas. The
prevalence of fleas and tapeworms in
cats are twice that of dogs, indicating
the need for better flea control
in the feline population. This can
subsequently reduce the prevalence
of tapeworms. If a tapeworm infection
is diagnosed, it is important to ensure
that appropriate flea prevention is
being used, in addition to tapeworm
treatment, to prevent reinfection.
3232
400
In 2015, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and
South Carolina were among the top five states
for tapeworm prevalence in dogs and cats.
300
Florida was among the top five states for
hookworm, whipworm and tapeworm infection
in cats.
Among popular dog breeds, internal
parasites are more common in large breed
dogs compared to small breed dogs. This
may be due to large breed dogs having a
more active outdoor lifestyle compared to
small breed dogs.
Cases (per 10,000)
350
Cases (per 10,000)
There has been a 10 percent decrease in
hookworm prevalence in dogs and a 20.9
percent decrease in prevalence in cats since
2006. There has also been a decrease in
roundworm infection in dogs by 15.7 percent
and in cats by 18 percent over the same
time period. This may be due to increased
prophylactic deworming and, in the case
of dogs, increased heartworm preventive
administration, which also protects against
these parasites.
Puerto Rico had the highest prevalence of
roundworms, hookworms and whipworms
in dogs and cats.
250
200
150
100
50
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Tapeworm
Deworming medication, administered
or dispensed by a veterinary
professional, is the recommended
way to prevent internal parasites.
The recommended frequency of
deworming varies depending on the
life stage and individual environment
of the pet.
Quickly clean up pet waste after pets
to remove potentially infective eggs
from the environment.
Children should be discouraged
from eating soil. Sand boxes should
be covered when not in use and
potentially contaminated areas
should be avoided.
Practice good hygiene, such as
regular handwashing after handling
pets or cleaning up waste, in order
to reduce the risk of zoonotic
transmission of parasites.
Year
Roundworm
Hookworm
Whipworm
Key takeaway: With dogs in the household, especially puppies, there is a greater risk of
transmitting zoonotic parasites due to canine soiling habits. Roundworm and hookworm can
cause mild to extreme illness in pets and, in some cases, death. All four internal parasites
can infect humans under certain conditions.
Internal Parasites | Cat | 10-Year Trend (2006-2015)
Cases (per 10,000)
600
500
Cases (per 10,000)
Bottom line:
400
300
200
100
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Tapeworm
Year
Roundworm
Hookworm
Whipworm
Key takeaway: Tapeworm continues to be the most prevalent intestinal parasite in cats, even
though there has been a decrease of 8.1 percent over the past 10 years.
33
Roundworm
Hookworm
2015 Roundworm | Dog
2015 Hookworm | Dog
Cases (per 10,000)
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
WA
103
10
MT
ND
75
OR
90
ME
MN
ID
SD
63
122
NV
22
IL
89
CO
65
37
101
KS
19
KY
LA
TX
121
273
AL
14
7
AZ
FL
69
GA
AL
306
201
374
PR 1,004
FL
270
2015 Hookworm | Cat
Roundworm
Hookworm
Cases (per 10,000)
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
WA
81
5
MT
ME
ND
103
OR
MN
ID
287
UT
CA
IL
146
CO
50
21
32
KS
120
AZ
13
OK
134
NM
14
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
TX
85
IN
WV
0
139
146
AL
213
GA
IL
7
CO
0
1
3
KS
286
AZ
0
186
OK
13
NM
0
KY
16
Risk Level
FL
85
PR 526
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
TX
38
0
78
SC
33
LA
0
DC
NC
AR
MS
106
14
DE
11
TN 31
209
4
NJ
VA
14
8
RI
14
13
MD
WV
MA
CT
17
22
7
18
PA
OH
IN
MO
3
DC
NC
17
IA
NH
4
MI
15
6
UT
CA
SC
165
LA
DE
0
NE
NV
NY
WI
0
WY
168
226
AR
RI
VT
10
SD
0
NJ
VA
TN 242
MN
ID
168
139
200
3
69
ME
ND
0
10
155
MD
249
MT
OR
MA
CT
PA
KY
172
134
206
OH
141
MO
MS
Risk Level
MI
224
152
NH
200
277
IA
NE
NV
NY
WI
132
WY
0
VT
173
SD
67
3434
109
NC
280
173
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
PR 324
394
LA
TX
49
DC
SC
197
MS
Risk Level
VA
265
AR
331
34
DE
114
118
216
272
WV
KY
21
NJ
46
MD
TN 217
4
CT
47
65
52
89
OK
NM
7
206
IN
RI
37
PA
OH
MO
66
2015 Roundworm | Cat
87
KS
146
179
105
IL
30
CO
7
DC
NC
GA
70
UT
CA
SC
185
MS
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
VA
228
AR
186
4
83
DE
127
184
TN 218
27
Risk Level
WV
39
48
26
42
MI
IA
NE
NV
NJ
108
MD
173
161
OK
NM
IN
MO
109
AZ
OH
124
64
48
MA
NH
29
NY
WI
40
WY
CT
129
VT
39
SD
5
77
PA
84
93
UT
126
MN
ID
RI
ME
ND
7
9
60
94
MI
IA
NE
MA
NH
70
NY
WI
80
WY
CA
VT
68
MT
OR
104
AL
46
GA
50
45
28
FL
PR 292
88
35
Tapeworm
Whipworm
2015 Tapeworm | Dog
2015 Whipworm | Dog
Cases (per 10,000)
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
WA
144
6
MT
ND
97
OR
135
ME
MN
ID
SD
47
98
NV
42
74
58
UT
IL
62
CO
32
61
189
KS
KY
VA
MS
LA
112
233
AL
6
6
AZ
FL
238
36
NC
68
GA
AL
52
55
59
PR 79
FL
14
2015 Whipworm | Cat
Whipworm
Tapeworm
Cases (per 10,000)
Cases (per 10,000)
WA
WA
0
596
MT
ME
ND
297
OR
MN
ID
90
64
732
150
UT
IL
152
CO
80
75
655
KS
434
AZ
42
OK
588
NM
62
MO
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
TX
721
WV
LA
RI
DE
328
604
823
IL
1
CO
0
0
1
KS
AZ
0
OK
2
NM
0
KY
Risk Level
FL
776
PR 406
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
TX
1
0
2
SC
0
LA
0
DC
NC
AR
MS
808
4
DE
8
TN 5
571
4
NJ
VA
5
3
RI
14
1
MD
WV
MA
CT
2
4
2
1
0
PA
OH
IN
MO
3
758
3
0
152
NC
GA
UT
NH
0
MI
IA
0
DC
SC
AL
20
NE
0
NY
WI
0
NV
CA
VT
2
SD
WY
207
492
AR
824
MN
ID
0
NJ
VA
TN 677
3
317
288
312
423
MA
ME
ND
0
CT
219
MD
359
MT
OR
363
PA
KY
404
MS
Risk Level
IN
403
354
OH
371
NH
320
MI
269
IA
NE
NV
NY
WI
282
WY
CA
VT
86
SD
113
3636
DC
29
16
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
PR 264
43
LA
TX
47
51
SC
MS
Risk Level
24
DE
VA
62
48
276
365
WV
KY
76
NJ
42
MD
55
38
AR
69
2
CT
41
TN 68
OK
NM
2
332
IN
66
RI
23
PA
OH
MO
50
2015 Tapeworm | Cat
513
KS
125
NC
256
GA
IL
24
CO
6
DC
327
310
UT
CA
SC
365
TX
3
98
DE
129
AR
264
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
WV
TN 289
41
Risk Level
138
34
11
37
25
28
MI
IA
NE
NV
NJ
103
MD
212
165
OK
NM
34
IN
131
64
59
MA
NH
37
NY
WI
16
WY
CT
PA
VT
12
SD
5
112
124
OH
MO
186
AZ
98
MN
ID
RI
ME
ND
0
11
87
78
MI
IA
NE
MA
NH
75
NY
WI
23
WY
CA
VT
58
MT
OR
0
AL
0
GA
2
4
0
FL
PR 161
5
37
Conclusion
Conclusion
Our hope is that the State of Pet Health 2016 Report will be beneficial in educating pet owners and
veterinarians about the risk and prevalence of diseases affecting dogs and cats, and ultimately help
improve the overall health of pets in the United States.
Over the past 10 years, there has been success in reducing certain preventable diseases. For
example, in dogs we have seen a reduction in the prevalence of heartworm, roundworm, hookworm
and whipworm infestations. Similarly, in cats there has been a reduced prevalence of roundworm,
hookworm and tapeworm cases. While we cannot be certain, the decrease in dogs could be due to
increased heartworm prevention, which targets these internal parasites. In cats, routine deworming
and flea prevention may be contributing to this decrease.
Flea prevalence increased in dogs and cats from 2006 to 2012, but has been steadily decreasing
since then. The rise of other diseases such as diabetes and dental disease in dogs and cats, and
otitis externa in cats, indicates the need for continued education of clients about these diseases
and their preventive strategies. The sharp rise of tooth resorption and increase of stomatitis in cats
necessitates more research to understand the root causes of this trend and potentially identify
more effective preventive measures. The continued rise of some of the diseases in this report
demonstrates the need for frequent medical care to ensure the highest quality of life for pets.
To help reduce the risk of diseases in both dogs and cats, Banfield is committed to working in
partnership with pet owners to focus on preventive care. We believe preventive care improves
the quality of a pet’s life by reducing the risk for contracting serious, costly and sometimes fatal
diseases. This is why Banfield emphasizes the importance of routine veterinary care at least
twice a year, which allows for early disease diagnosis and helps pets remain healthy during all
life stages.
Looking forward, we hope that future State of Pet Health Reports will find a decrease in many
of the preventable diseases highlighted, as well as an increase in the number of cats receiving
preventive care.
Visit stateofpethealth.com to learn more about common diseases, download past reports and
explore the geographic prevalence of other diseases affecting pets in the United States.
Acknowledgements
Chief Medical Officer
Daniel S. Aja, DVM
Senior Director of Research
Elizabeth Lund, DVM, MPH, PhD
Project Sponsors
Elizabeth Lund, DVM, MPH, PhD
Marta Monetti
Jeannine Taaffe
Program Director
Kim Van Syoc
Project Manager
Julie Heade
Project Leads
Molly McAllister, DVM (Research, Data and Medical Content)
Kelly O’Brien (Print Report)
Kate Scheofsky (Digital Report)
Applied Research & Knowledge
Molly McAllister, DVM
Kirk Breuninger, VMD, MPH
Nathaniel Spofford, MPH
Mike Yang, BVMS
Rosalie Trevejo, DVM, MVPM, PhD, DACVPM (Epidemiology)
Medical Content Experts
Karen K. Faunt, DVM, MS, DACVIM
Editorial Content Management
Nina Silberstein
Leeza Castle
Lindsay Murphy
Creative Director
Michelle Slater-Young
Production Designers
Jake Givens
Bryan Wolf
Production Manager
Leeza Castle
38
39
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To learn more, visit stateofpethealth.com.
To find a Banfield near you, visit Banfield.com.
All rights reserved. Reproduction
in whole or in part without express
written permission is prohibited.
©2016 Banfield Pet Hospital

State of Pet Health® 2016 Report

Transcription

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