(1) La construction du schéma corporel chez l`enfant et l`adolescent

La construction du schéma corporel
chez l'enfant et l'adolescent
C. ASSAIANTE (1), F. CIGNETTI (1), A. FONTAN (1),
B. NAZARIAN (2), J.L. ANTON (2), M. VAUGOYEAU (1)
(1) Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France
(2) Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INT UMR 7289, Centre IRM Fonctionnelle
Cérébrale, Marseille, France
Le schéma corporel
Ø Pour percevoir et agir dans son environnement, le corps, les
caractéristiques de l’action et leurs interactions sont
représentés dans le cerveau.
Ø Cette représentation interne des segments corporels en
mouvement a été conceptualisée sous le terme de schéma
corporel (Head and Holmes, 1911; Maravita et al, 2003;
Dijkerman and de Haan, 2007).
Ø La fonction principale du schéma corporel est de permettre
l’exécution de ses propres actions, mais le schéma corporel
contribue également à comprendre une action exécutée par un
autre et ainsi à comprendre les interactions sociales grâce au
lien fonctionnel entre la perception et l’action (Rizzzolatti et al,
2001; 2002; Miall, 2003; Centelles et al, 2011).
body schema from a neurosensory approach
Paillard 1982 : « identified body
and situated body »
Proske and Gandevia, 2012
The proprioceptive senses
« identified body » à visual informations
« situated body » à proprioceptive
informations
Lopez et al., 2012 :
Contribution of vestibular
informations
body schema is dependant on ongoing sensory inputs
(proprioceptive, visual and vestibular), operates largely
unconsciously and is concerned with body movements.
3
DEVELOPMENT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE ABILITY
Goble et al. (2005) Hum Movement Sci
DEVELOPMENT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE ABILITY
Proprioceptive acuity improves
with age, as evaluated both
from absolute errors and trialto-trial error variability
Goble et al. (2005) Hum Movement Sci
Yeh, Holst-Wolf, Konczak (2014) Poster Neuroscience,
Washington
DEVELOPMENT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE ABILITY
Proprioceptive integration for 5/6
postural control slowly improves
during childhood and adolescence
5/6
5/6
5/6
Adults
7/10
11/13
14/15
5/6
7/10
11/13
7/10
7/10
7/10
11/13
11/13
11/13
14/15
14/15
14/15
14/15
Vaugoyeau et al. (2008) Gait Posture
Mallau et al. (2010) PLoS One
Behavioral study
ADU [20-40 y]
ADO [14-18 y]
preADO [11-14 y[
N=12; 6♀-6♂
N=13; 5♀-8♂
N=14; 8♀-6♂
1/ Quantify postural
adjustments evoked
through tendon vibration
in standing position
Analysis of the
displacement of the
center of pressure and
of the trunk rotation
*Cignetti et al. 2013
J Mot Learn Dev
2/ Quantify the illusory
movement induced by
vibration in sitting position
Analysis of the
displacement of the right
finger index movement
that had to match illusory
movement of the feet
Behavioral study
*Cignetti et al. 2013
J Mot Learn Dev
Ü Exaggerated responses in ADO
Ü Proprioceptive ability continue to improve throughout adolescence
CENTRAL PROPRIOCEPTIVE PROCESSING
Goble et al. (2011) J Neurosci
Goble et al. (2012) Hum Brain Mapp
EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
Illusions ?
Pre-scanning
Scanning (×5)
Vibration of TA tendon
left, right, 30 Hz, 100 Hz
rand.
18
12s
12s
Age:
7
10
11
13
14
18
25
40
…
18
REST
18
REST
n = 18
12s
ISI
12s
ISI
~ 5min / session (113 scans)
METHODS
fMRI time series
Standard GLM
Voxel time
course
Fitting
(ML estimator)
(motion correction,
spatial normalization,
smoothing)
PROPRIOCEPTIVE NETWORK IN ADULTS
p < 0.001 uncorr. | p<0.05 FWE-corr.
Right stim.
Left stim.
IPL
IFG
p < 0.001 uncorr.
Right-hemisphere dominance
Cignetti et al. 2014 Hum Brain Mapp
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES
preADO
ADO
IPL
IFG
Right-hemisphere
dominance
ADU
§ Proprioceptive network looks already mature in pre-adolescents
using a standard GLM approach
Work in progress
METHODS
Beta Series GLM
Each predictor was replaced with
a series of predictors
i.e. after fitting, a series of betas
Correlated the seed
beta series with the
beta series at every
other voxel of the brain
Rissman et al. 2004 NeuroImage
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN CONNECTIVITY MAPS
preADO
ADO
§ Shift in pattern of functional connectivity from diffuse to more
focal, or a fine-tuning of the proprioceptive connectivity network.
ADU
Work in progress
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES
preADO100Hz
preADO30Hz
ADO100Hz
ADO30Hz
ADU100Hz
ADU30Hz
§ Initial over-connectivity
§ Proprioceptivefollowed
networkby
looks
a weakening
already mature
coupling
in pre-adolescents
with
several brain
using
regions,
a standard
that is
GLM
a kind
approach
of pruning at the system level.
Work in progress
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES
Univ.
Shared
Beta
PreADO
ADO
ADU
Work in progress
DEVELOPMENTAL VARIABILITY
What it means for a region to
be correlated with the seed
while failing to show significant
univariate activity?
Firing of the neurons may not be enough to drive the BOLD
signal above threshold on average, due to poor neural
activity on some trials.
Larger trial-to-trial variability in the amount of proprioceptiveinduced neural activity in pre-adolescents and adolescents,
i.e. a suboptimal network functioning.
Work in progress
Neuroimaging study
CHILDREN [7-10 y]
N=18; 11♀-7♂
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN ACTIVATION MAPS
The proprioceptive network looks already mature in children using a
standard GLM approach.
CHILDREN VERSUS ADULTS
Ü Significant larger extent of activation in
children compared to ADU
Ü Significant stronger
SMA activity in children
compared to ADU
Ü No Right hemispheric dominance in children
IPL
IFG
Right-hemisphere
dominance
Ü Right hemispheric dominance in adolescents and adults
WORK STILL IN PROGRESS
ü 18 Children already scanned; Slightly increase
the sample size.
ü Comparative analysis between children and
adolescents and adults
- fMRI (activation maps)
- fMRI (connectivity maps)
- DTI (white matter tracts)
ü Correlation between fMRI and DTI data
and behavioral indices about proprioceptive
acuity and postural control
Position matching tasks and postural task