regional symposium on octopus fisheries management in the south

Transcription

Meeting
Report
091
REGIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
OCTOPUS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN
THE SOUTH WEST INDIAN OCEAN
13th and 14th February 2014, Flic en Flac, Mauritius
Funded by
European
Union
The designations employed and the presentation of material in
this information product do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of Indian Ocean Commission
concerning the legal or development status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of
specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not
these have been patented, does not imply that these have been
endorsed or recommended by Indian Ocean Commission in
preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
The views expressed in this information product are those of the
author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of
Indian Ocean Commission.
© 2014 Indian Ocean Commission
OCTOPUS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
IN THE SOUTH WEST INDIAN OCEAN
13th and 14th February 2014, Flic en Flac, Mauritius
Indian Ocean Commission
Blue Tower
5th floor, rue de l'Institut
Ebene, Mauritius
Tel : +230 402 6100
Fax: +230 466 0160
smartfi[email protected]
www.coi-ioc.org
www.smartfish-coi.org
SF/ 2014/ 91
“ This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union.
The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and can
no way be taken to the reflect the views of the European Union.”
Introduction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
4
The Regional Symposium on Octopus Fisheries Management in the SouthWest Indian Ocean was held at the Pearle Beach Hotel, Flic en Flac, Mauritius
on February 13th and 14th 2014, at the invitation of the SmartFish Programme
(Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy for the ESA-IO) of the Indian
Ocean Commission (IOC).
The aim of this workshop was to document the various octopus fisheries
management initiatives that have been initiated in the region over the years,
and compare their results in a participative manner by allowing stakeholders
to share their own experiences. The prospectus of the symposium is provided
in Annex I.
Participants included private sector, NGOs, research institutes and fisheries
authorities representatives from Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius (including
Rodrigues), Seychelles and Tanzania (including Zanzibar). The full list of
participants is provided in Annex II.
The format of the meeting included seven country sessions, each consisting of
a state of play of the octopus fishery and management measures taken, and
an open discussion. The agenda of the symposium is provided in Annex III.
The meeting was opened by Léon RAZAKA, Officer in charge at the Indian
Ocean Commission. He explained that this symposium was convened by the
SmartFish Programme because several countries of the region have recently
stressed on the urgent need to take appropriate measures for managing
their octopus fisheries. In many places across the region, people have been
observing declines of octopus stocks that could jeopardize the livelihoods of
many coastal communities. Some of those countries have already taken steps
to manage their octopus fisheries, and therefore this workshop provides an
opportunity to exchange on past and current experiences.
Madagascar
7.
Members of the Madagascar delegation gave a presentation on octopus fisheries
in Madagascar and existing management measures (Annex IV). Discussion
was then opened.
8.
Participants noted that the key for success in Madagascar was trust and
close collaboration between private sector operators and other stakeholders,
including conservation NGOs, which started as soon as the need to do something
became evident.
9.
The approach taken, which was to “try and see”, proved very useful as it had a
snowball effect that allowed stakeholders to bring evidence to the government
and advocate for a proper regulation, which included the recognition and
endorsement of the community rules (dina) by the administration.
10.
They noted that the commitment of octopus processing companies to fishing
communities is demonstrated by the fact that they still come to remote villages
and collect fish and other products during the closure, in order to provide
fisherfolks with an alternative. It is also in this context that new aquaculture
activities (sea cucumber and seaweed) were promoted.
11.
Participants learned about the different octopus closure schemes currently
in place in Madagascar: the official national closure (45 days of biological
recovery) – from December 15th to January 31st in the South-west and from
June 1st to July 15th in the East – and the additional local voluntary closures
– such as the rotational reserves implemented with support from NGO Blue
Ventures since 2004. The latter have shown good results in terms of increase
of the CPUE (measured using data collected 30 days before and after each
closure). The optimal duration for a reserve to be closed seems to be around
3 months.
12.
One of the key issues facing the first communities to implement these revolving
closures was that fishermen from neighboring villages would also go fishing
in reserves just after reopening, taking the benefits of the biological recovery
without having made any sacrifice. But this is also how the system was advertised
to other villages who then adopted the same measure. At present, close-by
villages have agreed on closing and opening on the same day. In agreement
with the collectors, distant groups of villages have an interval between their
openings, allowing for spreading out the production.
13.
A first assessment for MSC (Marine Stewardship Council) certification was
undertaken in 2011, which highlighted that further stock assessment work was
required. Since then, the Malagasy government has taken over from ReCoMap’s
previous support and has been funding research work for the period 20112015 (using financial contributions provided by fishing agreements and license
fees).
14.
It was observed that the regulation on minimal size (350 gr) is not being
respected for two reasons. First, it’s almost impossible to assess the size of an
Dominique GREBOVAL, Team Leader of the SmartFish Programme, made an
introductory remark. He noted that octopus fisheries are like any other fishery,
although they have proven to be fisheries that can be easily managed by
taking various simple measures (such as closures, limitation of number of
fishers, etc.), including control at the market level to avoid the entry of small
individuals into the market.
5
octopus before it’s actually harpooned. Second, fishers cannot bring themselves
to not catch what they can find. In addition, it is practically impossible to enforce
it due to the lack of control. The government intends to review this regulation
(in force since 2005). New regulation should find a balance between what’s
biologically required, what’s feasible for the community, what’s acceptable for
the market and what’s enforceable by the authorities.
15.
To conclude discussions on the management of octopus fisheries in Madagascar,
it was observed that MCS is generally too costly and too insufficient, whereas
sensitization and self-discipline of communities in partnership with private
operators have proved successful.
allowance habit is a very sensitive issue that will be difficult to address in the near
future. Rodrigues will progressively adopt an “alternative livelihoods” approach
to develop new sources of income for fishers on the long term.
19.
Participants noted that collaboration among operators at reopening is usually
poor, as buyers (middlemen) tend to play a double game, offering low prices
to fishers and selling at high prices to exporting companies, which contributes
to the general lack of trust and jeopardizes the success of the closure.
20.
It was suggested to formalize the octopus fishing sector and to differentiate
between professional and non-professional fishers in order to diminish the
number of people eligible to participate in alternative activities. This will also
constitute the basis for reforming the access regime/right holders system.
21.
To conclude the discussion on Rodrigues, participants discussed the issue of
minimum size which, as in Madagascar, is not being enforced. The cheapest
and more efficient way to increase enforcement would be to operate through
the three main buyers.
Rodrigues
16.
Members of the Rodrigues delegation gave a presentation on the octopus fishery
in Rodrigues and existing management measures (Annex V). Discussion was
then opened.
Tanzania
17.
18.
6
Participants noted that the “alternative activities” scheme established by local
authorities to provide redundant fishers with income generating activities
during the two-month closure is not financially viable (2.5% of the annual
budget of the regional government, excluding the contribution of SmartFish
(around of 1/10 of that 2.5% budget support). However, to date, no system
has been put in place to redirect the financial benefits from the closure to
support the fishermen during this time.
It was observed that the “alternative activities” were organized in the first place
to facilitate the acceptance of the closed season. Implementing the closure was
already a very courageous decision, politically speaking, and the compensation/
22.
Members of the Tanzania delegation gave a presentation on octopus fisheries in
Tanzania and existing/foreseen management measures (Annex VI). Discussion
was then opened.
23.
Participants noted that octopus exports from Tanzania have dropped because
of increasing competition from other countries.
24.
Participants noted that, as in Madagascar, local processing factories are supplied
by small-scale fishermen from neighboring regions, especially at spring tide.
Some of them don’t accept undersized catches but some do.
25.
As in other countries, enforcement of the legal size is lacking and controls are
concentrated at the level of exporters.
26.
Export companies are generally not willing to take the blame for the failure of
enforcement. They argue that it’s not their role to police fishermen, and that
government should admit their failure and the inadequacy of a regulation such
as size limit.
27.
Unlike in other places, no major decrease of catches has been observed in
Tanzania. Only a slight decrease of average size has been recorded over time.
Export volumes have decreased mainly because of issues related to the EU
market.
28.
Participants noted that in such circumstances the octopus industry in Tanzania
was not at risk. However, it was suggested that the reason why Europe is no
longer importing octopus from Tanzania may be because their size is too small,
due to growth overfishing. In consequence, there might be a risk of seeing
7
the stock depleted to a point that Tanzania won’t be able to catch up with EU
demand if it rises again.
29.
Mafia operators noted that if demand comes back they would be interested
in establishing a voluntary closure of the octopus fishery. Still, the buy-in of
fishing communities is not guaranteed as octopus fishing is sometimes their
sole source of revenue. Sensitization of communities is therefore much needed.
30.
It was suggested that the basis of such closure trial should be a MoU between
processing plants, Beach Management Units and the Ministry. It was also
discussed that a step by step approach, with high potential of success in
order to ignite a snow ball effect, should be initiated with motivated and well
geographically defined communities that agree to start a closure during the
Ramadan period.
31.
To conclude, participants noted that Tanzania has elaborated an “improvement
plan” for the octopus fishery in 2012, which is still pending adoption.
Comoros
32.
Members of the Comoros delegation gave a presentation on the octopus fishery
in Comoros and existing management measures (Annex VII). Discussion was
then opened.
33.
Participants noted that the octopus fishery is considered negligible by Comorian
authorities. More than half of the octopus fishing takes place around Moheli
Island, where a decrease in size has already been observed. They further
noted that total catch varies considerably from year to year.
34.
It was observed that octopus fishing in Comoros has never been the object
of any management measure. The Fisheries Management Plan for demersal
fisheries that is currently elaborated with support from the EAF-Nansen project
does not cover the octopus fishery.
35.
Participants however noted that in the Moheli Marine Park, in particular in the
area called Sambia, a minimum weight of one kilogram has been decided. In
addition, it is allowed to fish octopus only during lowest tides.
36.
It was observed that coastal communities around the Moheli Marine Park are
already sensitized on issue related to unsustainable fishing practices (including
on the use of dynamite and metal sticks) and other environmental issues (such
as the protection of turtles, etc.).
37.
8
To conclude the discussion on Comoros, it was suggested to build on the current
level of awareness in the marine park, on the current measures and on the
existing eco-guards system in order to promote the adoption of a seasonal
closure, eventually linked to the Ramadan period.
Seychelles
38.
Members of the Seychelles delegation gave a presentation on the octopus
fishery in Seychelles and existing management measures (Annex VIII).
Discussion was then opened.
39.
Participants noted that the importance of the octopus fishery in Seychelles and
evidence of localized overfishing led the authorities to undertake a review of the
octopus resource in 1996. They also pointed out that the Seychelles exploited
octopus species (Octopus vulgaris) is different from the main commercial
species (Octopus cyanea) of the other participants’ countries. The Seychelles
octopus has a longer life span (3 to 4 years) in comparison to Octopus cyanea
(18 months) and the latter is characterized by a much faster growth rate (and
therefore responds better to management measures)
40.
A Management Plan for the octopus fishery was developed in 1998, and several
measures were proposed, including an immediate one-year closure. However,
none of the measures proposed has been implemented to date.
41.
To conclude, participants took note of the current co-management initiative in
Praslin and La Digue, where the local fishers association has adopted voluntary
measures such as the prohibition of catching or possessing any octopus
weighing less than one kilogram.
Zanzibar
42.
Members of the Zanzibar delegation gave a presentation on the octopus fishery
in Zanzibar and existing management measures (Annex IX). Discussion was
then opened.
43.
Participants learned about the role of the Ramadan as a regulator for the
octopus fishery. During the month of Ramadan, which happens at a different
time each year, people observe a fasting period during which fishing activities
are, to some extent, restricted. This is particularly the case for octopus fishing,
given that people don’t dive during this period (although octopus fishing by
walking on the reef flat is still observed during that time of the year).
44.
Fishing communities are aware of its positive effect on the octopus resource,
as it is meant to ensure that sufficient food will be available for the celebration
of Eid-ul-Fitr at the end of the fasting period.
45.
Participants noted that, however, this religious observance is generally not
considered mandatory. As a consequence, people are not fully committed, and
the “ban” is not strictly respected.
46.
It was observed that 30 villages in Marine Conservation Areas (MCAs) have
adopted the Ramadan ban as a conservation measure, in order to reinforce its
effectiveness locally. In addition, Village Fishing Committees (VFCs) in these
locations are promoting the adoption of a minimum weight of 0.5 kilograms.
9
47.
To conclude the discussion on Zanzibar, it was suggested to build on the
existing awareness in these communities to establish a proper closure during
the most biologically and socioeconomically favorable period, in addition
and/or extension to the “Ramadan closure” (which remains variable). As a
conclusion, it was suggested that a step by step approach – imperatively
aiming at success – should be initiated with motivated and well geographically
defined communities that agree to start a Ramadan closure.
55.
The following question was therefore asked to participants: how do you
go from building blocks to action? The successful “ingredients” which were
discussed following previous presentations are initiative, determination and
selection. The latter is important as it is necessary to start small, and therefore
to carefully select actions that are simple, feasible, potentially successful and
financially viable.
56.
Participants further noted that it is crucial to take action for fisheries that are
not much in trouble yet, and for which starting early means better chances
of success – even if data available is poor. Fisheries like octopus fisheries in
the lagoons of the western Indian Ocean don’t require sound science and
comprehensive data prior to any management attempt. Therefore, it was
recommended to adopt the “try and see” approach taken in Madagascar and
Rodrigues. Moreover, this approach can enable managers to better identify the
exact type of data needed for specific management purposes.
57.
It was observed that good representation of fishers and other private operators
is crucial to allow for self-initiative. In addition there needs to be a proper
interface between governments and NGOs so that initiatives can be echoed in
both directions. In the case of Madagascar, the initiative came from local NGOs
and was then piggy-backed by the Government. In the case of Rodrigues, the
opportunity for understanding the closure mechanism came from IOC project
through visits to Madagascar and the decision to close the fishery came from
the Government and was then backed-up by NGOs, IOC and UNDP. Those two
successes were only possible because of proper interface, and in both cases
donors responded positively as there was a strong will to “take the plunge”.
Mauritius
48.
Members of the Mauritius delegation gave a presentation on the octopus fishery
in Mauritius and existing management measures (Annex X). Discussion was
then opened.
49.
Given that Mauritius does not have any management measure specific to octopus
fisheries (with the exception of the size limit which, like in other places, is not
properly enforced), interventions immediately focused again on the case of
Rodrigues and progressively led to general considerations summarized below.
General discussion
50.
Participants noted that implementing multiple-use seasonal zones with sixmonth rotations could be efficient. A network of marine reserves, as is the
case in Rodrigues, could play that role, although they may have an effect on
repopulation but not immediately on fishing.
51.
They further noted that trials are being undertaken in Madagascar with some
zones being totally closed all year long. However, results are not yet available.
52.
Participants recognized that, if such role is to be given to MPAs, they have
to be designed with more involvement of stakeholders, contrary to previous
trends in marine conservation.
53.
It was suggested that the high level of fishing effort that characterizes the
few days following reopening of a reserve should be regulated by using fishing
rights (and/or a fixed total catch), a stop-and-go opening, and a concerted
“stop buying” threshold agreed by the operators.
54.
Participants observed that most of the countries in the region have generally
been following an inefficient way of undertaking fisheries management, which
mainly consists in building capacities for management services in “blocks”
that are quite compartmentalized and therefore unable to take action. This
led to fisheries authorities focusing on basic administration of the sector and
pretending to be unable to act in the absence of proper research or proper
statistics – although those management services have largely been privileged
for decades (including by development aid) with very few tangible results in
terms of avoiding overexploitation.
10
Conclusions and recommendations
58.
Participants elaborated a list of conclusions of recommendations, which were
put together as a presentation called “The Way to Go” (Annex XI).
59.
The list of conclusions and recommendations was adopted by participants and
the meeting was closed.
11
Annexes
ANNEX I
WORKSHOP PROSPECTUS
Mafia (Tanzania) are interested to take the plunge and move progressively towards
a sustainable management of their octopus fisheries. It is now time to take stock
of past initiatives and to identify factors of their success and failures.
Objective of the workshop
The aim of this workshop will be to document the various octopus fisheries
management initiatives that have been initiated in the region over the years, and
compare their results. This exercise will be participatory, as stakeholders will be
invited to share their own experiences.
13th-14th February 2014, Mauritius
Background
Beyond the biological recovery period, other management measures (already
demonstrated in the region or not) will be discussed, such as the establishment
of benchmarks and TAC (total allowable catch), the establishment of a licensing
system, the imposition of a legal size limit, the use of revolving reserves, the
limitation of fishing days depending on tides, etc. with a view to ensure a common
understanding of the tools available to develop a management plan.
Octopus fishing is an activity that has been steeped in maritime traditions of our
region for generations. It is an important economic activity for coastal communities
in the Indian Ocean, where it contributes to household income and food security.
In the islands of the Indian Ocean, this fishery is essentially conducted by walking
on the reef flats, or on board vessels in the deeper parts of the lagoon.
The presentations will cover the elements that led to the preparation and adoption
of management measures (population dynamics, evolution of landings, etc.), the
practical aspects of their implementation (MCS, involvement of private sector,
sensitization, etc.) and the results that ensued in the short, medium and long
term, from both a biological and a socio-economic perspective.
However, the high demand for this cephalopod in the international market, has lead
this traditional industry to turn to export, having the effect of developing collection
channels and intensifying fishing effort.
At the end of the workshop, participants should agree on a list of “best practices”
and major pitfalls to be taken into account in the management of octopus fisheries.
In Madagascar, catches of smaller individuals – including a growing proportion of
juvenile females – quickly aroused fears of stock collapse in coastal areas of the
West, whose population is largely dependent on fishing. This quickly led operators
and public authorities to take action, and the first attempts of localized seasonal
closures were initiated in 2004 with the support of NGOs such as Blue Ventures
and the active involvement of the private sector (buyers such as COPEFRITO and
Murex).
The growing success of these locally trialed management measures led the Indian
Ocean Commission, through its previous ReCoMaP programme, to advocate for
their replication in Madagascar and other islands in the region, where concerns
over the declining fishery were increasing.
On the island of Rodrigues, the steady decline in landings has resulted in an
unprecedented drop in octopus exports to Mauritius, and urged the regional
government to follow the example of Madagascar. The SmartFish Programme,
together with local authorities and NGOs, has taken up the task of developing
an island-wide biological recovery period. The first closure took place in 2012,
from August to October, allowing females to mature and thereby ensuring the
recruitment of juveniles for the following summer.
The success of these management measures has fueled interest from other islands
in the IOC region and beyond. Seychelles and Mauritius as well as Zanzibar and
14
15
ANNEX II
PARTICIPANTS LIST
ORGANIZATION
NAME
EMAIL
RRA (FISHERIES
COMMISSION)
Jean Richard PAYENDEE
[email protected]
RRA (EPMU)
Henri AGATHE
[email protected]
RODRIGUES
ORGANIZATION
NAME
EMAIL
MADAGASCAR
BLUE VENTURES
Daniel RABERINARY
[email protected]
RRA (EPMU)
Reshad JHANGEER-KHAN
[email protected]
COPEFRITO/GEXPROMER
Olivier MERAUD
[email protected]
SHOALS
Jovani RAFFIN
[email protected]
MPRH/DIRECTION DE LA
PECHE
Vololoniaina
RASAMOELIARISOA
[email protected]
OCTOPUS FISHER
Louis MOUTLENNE
NA
FISHERIES PROTECTION
SERVICE
Damad PEERMAMODE
[email protected]
ZANZIBAR
JONGOWE DEVELOPMENT
FUND
Mohamed Abbas MAKAME
[email protected]
COMORES
IMS
Saleh YAHYA
[email protected]
DIRECTION DE LA PECHE
Mohamed NASHIME
[email protected]
MARINE PARKS UNIT
Daudi PANDU
[email protected]
ASSOCIATION DE
REVENDEUSES
Fatima MZE ALI
[email protected]
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT
Omar Hakim FOUM
[email protected]
MAURITIUS
SERVICE
Savabally ANAMALAY
NA
TANZANIA
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION
Erastus John MOSHA
[email protected]
SERVICE
Rajkoomar PONNAN
[email protected]
TAFIRI
Muhaji CHANDE
[email protected]
AFRC
Sanyageetah SEEBARRUN
[email protected]
ALPHA GROUP
Sreejith SREENIVASAN
Sreejith.Sreenivasan@
tz.alphaafrica.com
CEDREFI
Pynee CHELLAPERMAL
[email protected]
IOC
SEYCHELLES
SFA
Vincent LUCAS
[email protected]
IOC
Léon RAZAKA
[email protected]
SFA
Rodney GOVINDEN
[email protected]
SMARTFISH
Michel DE SAN
[email protected]
OCTOPUS FISHER
Alain BAMBOCHE
[email protected]
SMARTFISH
Dominique GREBOVAL
[email protected]
SEA HARVEST
Heribert AZEMIA
[email protected]
SMARTFISH
Yann YVERGNIAUX
[email protected]
16
17
ANNEX III
ANNEX IV
AGENDA
Presentation: Madagascar
13th February 2014
08:00-09:00Registration
09:00-09:30
Opening ceremony
09:30-10:00 Introduction
10:00-10:30
Coffee break
10:30-11:45
State of play of the octopus fishery in Madagascar and management
measures taken – Presentations and discussions
11:45-13:00
Temporary Octopus Fishery Closures
SW Madagascar
Octopus fisheries management
in Madagascara
OUTLINE
• General panorama of artisanal
fisheries (traditional fisheries)
• Octopus fisheries
• Management and regulation status
• An example for sustainable
management (Tulear, Andavadoake)
• Actual situation and currents research
State of play of the octopus fishery in Rodrigues and management
13:00-14:00Lunch
14:00-15:15
State of play of the octopus fishery in Tanzania (including Mafia)
and management measures taken – Presentations and discussions
15:15-16:30
State of play of the octopus fishery in Comoros and management
16:30-17:00
Traditional fisheries
Preliminary conclusions on management measures
• In 1990: 54,000 of catch and in 2003 : 71,000 t
14th February 2014
• Average consumption of fish: 7.4 kg/hab/year
9:00-10:15 State of play of the octopus fishery in Seychelles and management
• Average consumption of a fisherman:30 kg/year
10:15-10:30
Coffee break
• Sea food is second export product with only a
2.5% of PIB: low valorisation of the catch
10:30-11:45
State of play of the octopus fishery in Zanzibar and management
11:45-13:00
State of play of the octopus fishery in Mauritius and management
13:00-14:00Lunch
14:00-15:15
Best practices to replicate and mistakes to avoid in managing
octopus fisheries: discussions and conclusions
15:15-16:30
Drafting of the main conclusions and recommendations
16:30-17:00
Adoption of the main conclusions and recommendations
18
Octopus fisheries
• 3 area of Octopus fishing :
 Tulear region +/- 1000t/year
 Diego region +/- 300 t
 East coast(Ste Marie)+/-450 t
• 6 process plant involve in Octopus production
• Exportation +/- 1100 t / year
• Destination countries:Europ, Mauritius, Reunion
• Only traditional fishing :
 Gleaning fishing with spear (80%)
 Diving (20%) only for man
Traditional fisheries
• 5000 km of coastal area
• 1,250 fisherman villages
• 85% of the above village with less of 50 people
• 80,000 traditional fisherman
• 70% with pirogues, 30% gleaning fishing
• Fishing for feeding them self
• Close fishing and increasing population
= Overfishing
Octopus fisheries: Tulear
• The Octopus Fisheries was start around 1990
• Almost of catch are for exportation
• +/- 75 Fisherman villages
• +/- 7,000 Fisherman
• In 2000, 4 Process plan was establish
• Since 2008, only COPEFRITO and MUREX
was working E.U. Agreement
19
Tulear area: Sustainable management
Sustainable
management
Fishery
Data Set
Sustainable management
120
100
80
60
40
20
• 2005: National workshop in Tulear for the
fishing low:
 Seasonal closure for 1.5 month
o Dec 15 – Jan 31 in West coast
o June 1 – July 15 in East coast
 Minimum size of catch (350g)
140
Do octopus closures
increase catch?
• 2004 -2005: First trail of Octopus temporary
closure in Andavadoake village
Average Daily Landings per Tide (kg/Day)
Management and regulation status
Velondriake Octopus Landings Each Tide 2004 - 2011
2004 – 2011
258,108 Individual Octopus
320 Mapped Fishing Sites
Across 17 Villages
Reserve Data Exist
Too Little Reserve Data
69 Closures in Velondriake
Enough data in 36 of 69
0
r2: 0.001
p: 0.776
2005
Octopus Temporary closure
Cash Crop:
Quick Results: Rapid
Growth &
Reproduction
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
-Biological closure
- Minimum size
2008
2009
2010
2011
Do Octopus Closures Increase Catch?
Before, After, Control, Impact Framework
30 Days Before
30 Days After
36 Closure
Sites
Closure
(2-7 Months)
36 Closure
Sites
36 Control
Sites
No Closure
36 Control
Sites
+718%
Octopus
Landings (kg):
How much
octopus did
everyone catch?
Opening day CPUE (kg)
Village meeting for temporary closure
Teariake 2011
2007
1st Temporary closure
Egalitarian Access:
Men and Women Fish
2006
2006
TOTAL WEIGHT (kg)
Nosy Fasy (Andavadoake)
4,50
2000
1800
4,00
Manjaboake 2009
Fimihara 2007
TOLIARA
Tahosoa 2008
Nosy Ve 2005
Maro Befasy 2008
Itampolo 2008
Ambohibola 2008
20
+87%
Catch per Unit
Effort (CPUE)
(kg/fisher-day):
How much did
each person
catch each day?
1600
1400
3,00
CPUE (kg/fisher/trip)
Locally
Marine
Management
Area
in SW. Mada)
Fiherena Tsifota 2008
3,50
1200
2,50
Weight (Kg)
Soariake 2008
1000
2,00
800
1,50
600
1,00
400
0,50
200
0
0,00
2005
2006
2009
2010 (1)
2010 (2)
2011
2012
2013
21
ANNEX V
Octopus Management comity
Government
NGOs
Communities
Buyers
Current research
Villages
sample
Octopus Stock
Assessment (2010 –
2015)
Toliara
• Coordinate the Octopus closure
•Evaluate the proposals and the results for the
research
Contents
Landing villages
Reproduction villages
1- Landing:
- Individual weight
- Fishing site,
- CPUE, sex…
2- Reproduction:
- Individual weight
- gonad mess
- Maturity status...
The Rodrigues Octopus Fishery
Androka
• To present the result to government level
Current research
Presentation: RODRIGUES
Morombe
Smartfish Regional Symposium
Pearle Beach, Flic-en-Flac, Mauritius
2014
• Improve our knowledge on Octopus Stock
Assessment
• MSC certification with an expectation of a best value
of the product
• Trying new Fishing techniques more selective
• Adapt the regulation text to the local reality with the
experience of 10 years of management
Rodrigues and the octopus fishery
Events leading up to the closure
Preparation of the closure
The closure and work done
After the closure
Monitoring and results
Presented by:
Reshad Jhangeer-Khan ([email protected]) & Dr Henri Agathe ([email protected])
Economic Planning and Monitoring Unit
Rodrigues Regional Assembly
Conclusions and challenges
• Octopus is an important income for the fisherman
in Madagascar and specially in Tulear Area
• Fishery management is a success for one main
reason :
• Collaboration and confidence between the mains
actors :
– Fisherman community
– Fishing ministry (with adapted regulations)
– NGO
– Private Sectors
Thank you!
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Lagoon based fishery
Rodrigues
•
•
•
•
•
Semi-autonomous island state
~ 600 km east of mainland Mauritius
Land area 110 km2
Population ~ 40,000 (2011 census)
Occupation:
– Civil service, Agriculture, fishing
Conclusions and challenges
•
•
•
•
•
•
(~1000 registered)
• Lagoon area 240 km2
• Octopus species: Octopus cyanea
• > 90% exported to Mauritius
Octopus fishers… both women and men fish
with harpoons and spears
2012 Fishery stakeholder details
Fishers Fishers Fishers Fishers
with
with no with
with no Octopus
permits permits permits permits Buyers
(Fem)
(Fem)
(Mal)
(Mal)
193
178
363
552
Others
Process (Retail,
Octopus prep,
etc)
56
14
37
50
45
120
49
Frequency distribution
Frequency distribution
51
40
30
20
24
15
10
0
35
40
45
50
55
Ages
1,384
Men
Ladies
60
Total
1
2
60
65
0
70
107
100
76
80
60
71
50
45
40
20
4
0
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
1
65
70
Ages
Underwater fishing is known to occur but it remains an illegal activity
22
23
Stock assessments carried out by the Fisheries Research & Training Unit
Landing Figures 1994-2011
900
800
1,782 tons landed back in 1970 !!!
774.5
723.2
700
Tons
600
500
Sensitisation (2011)…The first step to closing
707.6
677.4
580.2
560.3
Regulations - 2012
• Octopus Closed Season
• Possession regulated
• Short and simple
• Import and export regulated
• Flexibility to close as required
• First fine low, second fine higher
• Prohibition to fish
• Plus possible imprisonment
570.7
476.0 475.2
382.8
400
328.7
382.7
323.8
285.0
300
266.1 254.1
281.3 278.4
268.7
200
100
• Blue Ventures booklets were translated to French and Creole
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Data collected by the Fisheries Research and Training Unit (FRTU)
Years
For four decades, landing data shows a continued decline in catches!
Frozen & Dried Export Figures 1990-2011
600
411 418 398
Tons
306 318
300
278
230
200
207
188
141
210
209
163
145
176
160
179 186
Closure Types
Consultation and sensitisation
A communication guide was
developed with SmartFish,
support, containing responses
expected from and delivered
to the fisher community
• Summer closure (Not yet implemented)
117
79
1991 1992 1993
1994 1995
1996
Data collected by the Mauritius Revenue and Customs Unit
1997 1998
The entire fisher community was invited via
radio broadcasts to meetings held in key
areas around the island
185
100
1990
• Every school child in Rodrigues received a booklet, hence every household…
– Duration of 2 months
– Primarily promotes migration of females
– Secondary benefits grow-out
474
400
• Talks were given on the importance of conservation and fishery closure
• Winter closure (Implemented twice)
549
500
0
Population dynamics studies carried out by Shoals
Rodrigues
• Shoals and SEMPA education staff visited all primary and secondary schools
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Three teams including personnel from
NGOs and govt officers met with the fishers
– Primarily protects the juveniles
– Secondary benefits grow-out
2011 2012
Years
1,142 persons attended the first round of
consultation and responded quite positively
to a possible closure and contributed good
ideas for alternative work
Export figures show a similar continued decline, with some peaks.
Size distribution of male and female octopus
400
Number of octopus weighed (Frequency)
Mapping the fishers by location
Registration and screening
Shoals Rodrigues Octopus Surveys 2008/2009 (n males=2453, nfemales=2647)
350
300
Research and Monitoring
Undersized Octopus fished
Female = 92.4%
Male = 36.6%
Age at first maturity of males
250
• Rise in the number of fishers
• Octopus heavily over exploited
• Use of implements targeting juveniles
200
150
Seminal work by Pearson (1988), Genave (1997),
Lynch et al. (1999) and Genave (2000), Sauer et
al. (2011) and on-going Shoals monitoring…
• Undersize catch a serious problem
Age at first maturity of females
• Temporary closure proposed as early as 1997
100
Female
Male
50
50
10
0
15
0
20
0
25
0
30
0
35
0
40
0
45
0
50
0
55
0
60
0
65
0
70
0
75
0
80
0
85
0
90
0
95
0
10
00
10
50
11
00
11
50
12
00
12
50
13
00
13
50
14
00
14
50
15
00
0
Weight class (grams)
• Registration was
announced by radio
• Managed by the Fisheries
Protection Service (RRA)
• Carried out at all 23 Fish
Landing Stations over a 2day period
• Selection criteria were
identified
• Lists were screened for offlagoon, VRS and registered
non-harpoon fishers
Non-permit holders
755
Permit holding harpoon fishers
485
Octopus product handlers
56
Octopus buyers
55
Total
Excluded during screening
1,352
51
Fisher data digitalised
Geographical Information System (GIS) built, based on fisher addresses
Fishers organised in 40 zones to create manageable working groups
Alternative work organised by zone then assigned to fisher groups
Data collected by NGO Shoals Rodrigues Association
24
25
35,0
30,0
25,0
20,0
15,0
10,0
5,0
%
0,0
• Major change: shift from former policies of
compensation to payment for public work
• Many of the activities aimed at improving
ecosystem services
• Example of wildlife
• 30 days of work offered to fishers over the
two months- 2 days devoted to traning
Reopening the fishery…a big
event…plenty of big octopi and
celebrations
Monitoring and results…1
900
800
774.5
723.2
700
600
Tonnes
Payment for ecosystem
services
Alternative livelihoods
40,0
500
707.6
677.4
580.2
560.3
570.7
First year
closure
476.0 475.2
382.8
400
328.7
382.7
323.8
285.0
300
266.1 254.1
281.3 278.4
268.7
200
100
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Années
Relative importance of sectors in terms of employment
Data collected by the Fisheries Research and Training Unit
Source: Digest of Statistics on Rodrigues 2011 , pg. 35
Work, courses & sensitisation
Surveillance and enforcement
• FPS asked to prepare plan for surveillance
during the closure
• An external person provided by SmartFish,
acting as a sheriff and observer
• Reinforcement of staff presence in-situ
• Plan proved hard to implement as several
cases of poaching were reported
• Constraints identified:
And much more…
Coral planting, swimming courses, engine maintenance, first aid, resource surveillance,
MPA work, school, health and sport facility maintenance, fodder planting, exotic species
removal, nursery work, water collection facility maintenance, beach clean-ups, garbage
collection, planter association assistance, grass cutting, water filtration plant maintenance,
wall building, gabion repair and construction, community work…and so on.
Participatory surveillance
Fisheries Protection Service, National Coast Guard, the Mauritius Police
Force and SEMPA Rangers were responsible.
Community Resource
Observers (CROs)
assisted in surveillance
in the SEMPA area
80 Fishers selected as
informants in the East,
North and Western
sectors worked with RRA
officers
Several cases of illegal
fishing were reported
and a number of
poachers caught and
penalised.
26
– Staff shortage (12 daily, 47 in total)
– 24/48 Rotation system
– Inadequately equipped
Stock regulation
Grey bars: Missing data (average of day before and day after)
Data collected by the Fisheries Research and Training Unit
Exportation of frozen octopus 1990 2012
Data collection work carried out by Shoals Rodrigues
Thank you
• Important procedure to ensure efficiency of
the closure.
• Trade was not forbidden
• Stocks >5kg declared
• Buyers issued with receipts
• Exporters handed over receipts to customs
officers
• Officers to verify all declared stock
• Loophole identified by poachers & stockers
27
ANNEX VI
Presentation: TANZANIA
Broad Status and Catch Trends:
Seasonal Closures are a good
management option… (Rodrigues data)
Weight (grams)
1. Species Composition: 99.9% Octopus cyanea
The Octopus Fishery
2. Grounds: Tanga, Mafia, Kilwa and Mtwara
3. Principal Gears: Spears/Sticks
4. Snorkeling from mother boats and ‘Gleaning’
1
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Rapid Profile of Fishery
1.5. Beneficiaries:
1.5. Beneficiaries:
3
1 800
FOB: Tsh 8.1 billion
FOB: USD 5.1 million
Royalty: Tsh 418 million
Royalty: USD 261,250
Some mature females can be found
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
0
50
100
150
200
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Year
250
Age (Days)
8
2
Fishers (men and women);
Fishmongers (small-scale);
Transporters/Agents (trucks/vessels to factories);
LGA (Fisher/Vessel Licences; Reg’n Fees (<$5));
LGA (Landing Fees (varies by LGA);
LGA (inter-district Fish Movement Permit);
Ice-plant owners
Exports (mt)
50% of females are sexually mature...
Distribution of Catch by District *
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Export 2012 = 1,095mt
Exports (mt)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TANPESCA (Mafia);
SeaProducts (Tanga….sold to Alpha Group);
Bahari Foods (Mwenge, DSM);
Fruits de la Mer (Chang’ombe, Temeke);
Central Government (Export License = $60/yr);
Central Government (Royalties (0.25 $/KG));
Central Government (Export Movement Permit ($30))
Market Channels
Octopodidae
District
MT
Mkinga
115
Muheza
39
Tanga
48
Pangani
278
Bagamoyo
13
DSM *
426
Mkuranga
Rufiji
<1
Mafia
105
Kilwa
125
Lindi
55
Mtwara
10
Totals =
1,214
• Fisher – Agent – Processors – Export;
• Frozen (no value-added);
• 90% Exported to EU Market;
• 10% Domestic Market (fresh/dried/frying/boiled);
• Coastal/Hotels/Up-country
9
4
10
Threats
Broad Status and Catch Trends:
Vision for Fishery
Vision for Fishery
• Overfishing (immature; biomass);
• Robust species to heavy exploitation;
15-Year Vision: Octopus Fishery Management Plan:
Measures of Success
• But reproductive capacity strongly correlated to size
• ‘The Overall Goal of the Octopus Fishery Management Plan (OFMP) is to
ensure biological, ecological and economic sustainable development of the
octopus resource.’
Five-year Vision:
• Sustainable increase in catch;
• Capacity of Tanzanian scientists to undertake research that passes
peer review;
• Equitable distribution of wealth (fishers, processors, LGA, GoT etc.)
• Implementation of OFMP;
• FIP implemented for Certification.
• Dynamite Fishing (side-effect of habitat damage);
• Climate Change?
5
28
6
11
12
29
ANNEX VII
Presentation: COMOROS
Vision for Fishery
Action Plans
What are our main strategies to bring this about?
Research and Knowledge:
Implementation of OFMP:
• Improved data collection (Objective 1);
• MCS - Reduction of under-sized catch (Objective 2);
• MCS - Elimination of use of SCUBA (Objective 2);
• Stock Research (e.g. assess size limits (500 grams?) (Objective 3);
• Use of By-Laws for Seasonal Closures of Octopus Fishery;
• Incorporation of User Rights to BMUs (into Act) (x-cutting);
• Increased management capacity (e.g. scientists) (Objective 11);
• Improved regional cooperation (e.g. Madagascar) (Objective 12).
13
•
•
•
•
Review skills available in Tanzania for octopus – ID best person for job or closest fit;
Upgrade, as required, skills base in TAFIRI/IMS;
Identify a mentor / research partners;
Design a research programme to cover:
• Escapement of Females;
• Biology (Mean size at 1st Maturity; Size at 50% Maturity);
• Ecology (Spatial distribution of octopus by size & habitat);
• H/H Incomes from octopus fishery;
• (CF NEPAD).
14
UNION DES COMORES
LA PÊCHERIE DE POULPES AUX COMORES
Unité - solidarité - développement
Ministère de la Production de l’Environnement, de l’Energie de l’Industrie et de l’Artisanat
…………………..
Direction Générale des Ressources Halieutiques
Plan:
----------------------
SYMPOSIUM RÉGIONAL SUR LA GESTION DES PÊCHERIES DE
POULPES DANS LE SUD-OUEST DE L’OCÉAN INDIEN
UN APERCU SUR L’UNION DES COMORES
Localisation géographique
 Secteur pêche
INTRODUCTION
SITUATION DE LA PËCHERIE DE POULPES AUX COMORES
Du 13-14 février 2014, Maurice
Description de la ressource poulpe et
son exploitation
Les différentes techniques de pêche au
poulpe pratiquées aux Comores
LES MESURES DE GESTION
Action Plans
Action Plans
Policy & Legislation:
MCS:
•
•
Review minimum size limit for octopus on delivery of maturity studies;
Consultations on introduction of user rights (x-cutting across sector);
• Design Awareness-raising Package (to cover size limits; PDAH; SCUBA; closed
seasons);
• Patrol boats (x-cutting sector; requires decisions on governance level of MCS
provision);
• Random checks on size profile at octopus landing sites and processing facilities.
Situation Géographique des Comores
La pêche aux Comores est de nature traditionnelle, de subsistance, et actuellement beaucoup plus artisanale, et
contribue à la réduction de la pauvreté et à l’amélioration des revenus des familles défavorisées. Elle est une source
importante de protéines animales dans la mesure où elle satisfait une part importante de la consommation intérieure.
Elle se pratique sur une zone maritime estimée à plus de 160 000 km² qui recouvre 900 km² de plateau continental et
427 km de côte. Cette zone regorge de potentialités en ressources estimées annuellement à 33 000 tonnes lesquelles
sont exploitées actuellement à hauteur de 64 %. Elle emploie 6 % de la population (soit 8 500 emplois directs et 24 000
emplois indirects) et participe à hauteur de 21 % au PIB et 5 % aux recettes en devises à travers les exportations (Source
SCRP).
Fisheries Co-management / Management Planning:
15
Design Awareness-raising Package (to introduce concept of closed seasons);
Consultation / Planning activities to negotiate closed areas (space and time);
Support collaborating focus BMUs to prepare by-laws for specific area mgt plans;
Facilitate BMUs to expedite by-law approval (lobby at LGA);
Support to focus BMUs to enforce by-laws.
16
Action Plans
Action Plans
Institutional Strengthening:
Economic Development:
•
•
General observations about leadership skills/conflict resolution/governance;
General observations about record-keeping/financial mgt;
•
•
•
•
Establish & Provision the National Technical Advisory Committee (NTAC);
Identify & Establish Working Groups;
Establish & Provision at least one Zonal sub-committee;
Zonal Octopus (1o fisheries) Management Communicator.
• Market-chain analysis;
• Resource Rent analysis.
Aux Comores, le constat pour la pêcherie démersale dont fait partie la pêche aux poulpes est le suivant :
Adoption du décret portant code des pêches et d’aquaculture en 2007
Adoption de la stratégie pour le développement durable des pêches aux Comores
L’effectif des pêcheurs aux Comores a augmenté de 35%
Il existe une forte demande des produits de pêche démersale au niveau du marché national,
notamment les poulpes
Le prix des espèces démersales, en particulier les poulpes sont supérieur de 45% à celui des thons et
bonites
Les autres espèces démersales hautement rentable tels que les langoustes, les crevettes, les poulpes
ne sont pas mises dans une stratégie d’exploitation durable
Ces espèces, surtout les poulpes sont devenus extrêmement rares à l’exception de l’ile de Mohéli
Dans beaucoup de site à Mohéli la taille et le poids des poulpes pêchés sont de plus en plus petite,
SITUATION DE LA PÊCHERIE DE POULPES AUX COMORES
 Description de la ressource poulpe et son exploitation
17
30
•
•
•
•
•
 Secteur pêche
18
Le site de Sambia
Les pêches traditionnelles et de
subsistances qui se focalisent beaucoup
plus sur la pêcherie de poulpes sont très
importantes
pour
la
population
Comorienne. Malgré l’absence d’études
et de données significatives sur l’activité
de la pêche au poulpe aux Comores des
observations et des enquêtes sur le
terrain, ont permis de dresser un premier
bilan de cette pêche à pieds sur les récifs
Comoriens.
Plus de la moitié des prises de poulpe
Octopus cyanea s’effectue sur les côtes
de l’île de Mohéli. Bien qu’à Mohéli (
dans le site de Sambia) les captures
soient très variables d’une année à
l’autre, elles dépassent quelquefois
57600 Kg par ans, et elles sont souvent
la première source de revenus pour la
pêche traditionnelle et de subsistance .
31
ANNEX VIII
Le système d'exploitation de cette ressource
est encore traditionnel. Mais le potentiel de la
pêche à pieds au poulpe est réel à Mohéli.
Toutefois la destruction des récifs est
incontestable et aujourd’hui bien visible.
Cependant, le renouvellement rapide du
poulpe maintien un stock disponible suffisant
pour les mohéliens.
LES MESURES DE GESTION
Les Comores se sont dotées des instruments juridiques régissant la pêche et l’aquaculture qui est le
décret N°07-159/PR portant promulgation de la loi N°07-O11/AU du 29 aout 2007, portant code des
pêches et d’aquaculture de l’Union des Comores.
Des le premier chapitre relatif aux principes généraux, la volonté d’orienter les pêcheries
comoriennes vers une utilisation durable est clairement affichée à travers l’article 2 « la présente loi
a pour objet de fixer les règles d’exploitation relatives aux activités de pêche et d’aquaculture en vue
d’assurer une gestion durable des ressources halieutiques.
Toutefois, aucun texte officiel sur le plan de gestion de stock de poulpes n’a été établie jusqu’alors
aux Comores.
Avec l’appuis du projet EAF-Nansen, l’Union des Comores a élaboré un plan d’aménagement de la
pêcherie démersale. Mais malheureusement les poulpes ne font pas partie des espèces
sélectionnées dans ce plan d’aménagement.
Néanmoins, au niveau du parc marin de Mohéli, plus précisément dans le site de Sambia quelques
mesures de gestions communautaires sont mises en place:
Le poids réglementaire de capture est fixée à 1 Kilogrammes
L’outils de pêche, seulement des harpons en bois ou en fer
La période d’ouverture de la pêche est seulement lors des fortes marrées basses.
.Nos analyses ont notamment permis de mettre en évidence qu’une implication du Parc Marin de Mohéli
et de la population, ainsi qu’une bonne gestion de la pêche au poulpes peut aboutir à un secteur
d’intérêt pour les comoriens, tout en protégeant l’écosystème marin.
32
Presentation: SEYCHELLES
Les techniques et outils de pêche
Les techniques de pêche utilisées n’ont pas
évolué. C’est une pêche à pied lors des fortes
marées basses, à la recherche de poulpes en
utilisant des harpons en bois ou en fer . cette
forme de pêche est pratiquée par des jeunes
et des femmes. Les espèces attrapées sont
utilisés pour la consommation personnelle, et
une partie (poulpes) est revendue pour avoir
des revenus.
Octopus Fishery in the Seychelles
(Octopus vulgaris)
Regional Symposium on Octopus Fishery Management in
the SWIO
13th – 14th February 2014, Pearl Beach Hotel, Mauritius
Overview of Octopus fishery in Seychelles
Presentation Overview
• Overview of octopus fishery in Seychelles
• Market and economic importance
• Data collection and research
Trends in catches, seasonal variations
Trends in effort and CPUE
• Status of octopus resource
• Management of the fishery
 Recent co-management initiative
Fishing Zones
• Artisanal subsistence fishery
 Skin divers/ fishers on foot with
harpoon accounts for over 95% of the
total catch
 Coastal fishery target coral reefs and
shallow inshore water (< 15m)
 Socio-economic and cultural
importance
• Main markets are local hotels,
restaurants and take-away/ shop
• Catch and effort data captured in CAS
• Possible inaccuracies in data collected
Market and economic importance
Data collection and research
• Main markets: Hotels, restaurants, take-aways
& local purchasers
• Size at capture ranges from 200gr to 4kg
• 2013 consumer price = 110 SRP/kg (10Usd/kg)
• Middle men price = 75 SRP/kg
• At an average catch of 20-30 MT per year and
average price of 100 SRP/kg
• Possible annual turnover of 2 to 2.5 million
SRP
• Catch and effort data captured in CAS (since
1984/enumerators at landing sites)
• Other sources: Data from receipts provided by
local buyers (fish processors)
• Need to capture searching time to improve
fishing effort measure
• Potential for collaboration with fishers to improve
data collection (e.g. Praslin co-management
Initiative)
• No research activities (past/ present) related to
octopus fishery (biology/ecology)
33
Trends in Octopus catch
• Declines in catches from 1986 to 1992 , 1993 to 1997
• Gradual decline from 2001 to 2012
• Catches inaccurate: 2013 estimate = 20-30 Mt
Trends in Octopus Fishing Effort
• Similar pattern to the catch with overall decline in fishing
effort
• Lack of data - Inacuracies in estimate of fishing effort
Status of Octopus resource
• Inaccuracies in the catch data
• Difficult to assess the status of the resource
• Poor knowledge on the biology of the species
 Spawning periods (May-September??? )
 Spawning zones/ Size of maturity???
• Localized overfishing particularly in coastal zones
likely taking place
• There is a cause for concern
Seasonal Trends in catch
• Seasonal variations
• Peak catches during inter-monsoon period
• Low catches during SE Trade winds (May – September)
Trends in Catch per unit effort
• Relatively stable over time (peak in 1988
• Fluctuate between 2.5 – 4.0 kg/manhour
Management of the fishery
• 1996: Review of the Octopus Resource in
Seychelles
 Schaffer Production Model : Estimated MSY for
the Mahe plateau @ 33.7 Mt
 The introduction of precautionary management
measures were recommended to allow
sustainable exploitation
• A Management Plan for the Octopus fishery in
Seychelles developed in 1998
 Some management measures were proposed
• Management measures proposed
Fishers must be registered and have a license
Annual catch quota of 2/3MSY: If exceeded
fishery is closed
Closed season 1st September – 31st October
Shell reserves closed to octopus fishing
Immediate 1 year closure of fishery
• None of those proposed management
measures have been implemented to date
Conclusion
 Possible localized overfishing particularly in
coastal areas.
 Imature individual are captured
 Lack of research on biology/spawning area/
spawning season(s)/ size of maturity
 Data collection need major improvement
 Offshore areas / Existing MPA’s may act as
reserves (unconfirmed)
 Bad weather May- September act as natural/
unofficial closed season
Pilot Co-management initiative
Recent development :
• UNDP-GEF in collaboration with SFA
• Area around Praslin and La- Digue
Designated for Co-management
• Praslin Fisher Association (PFA) and
Praslin Fishers Co-management
Coordinating Committee (PFCCC)
formed for coordinating
• Management plan developed and the following measures proposed
for Octopus
 Catching and retaining or possessing any octopus weighing less
than one kilogram is not permitted within the Special Co-managed
Area
 Catch or bag limit of two octopuses per person in any 24-hour
period apply to unlicensed or recreational fishers
Way forward
 Active consultations with stakeholders on
management of Octopus fishery required
 Improve data collection with possible fishers
involvement
 Implement research on biology and ecology
(spawning period/areas/size of maturity for
possible implementation of closed period/close
area/ minimum size
 Following introduction of management measures
engage fishers/other stakeholders in
enforcement of regulations
THE END
THANK YOU!!
34
35
ANNEX IX
Presentation: ZANZIBAR
February 2014,
MAURITIUS
Presented by:Daudi H. Pandu
Prepared by: Daudi H. Pandu
1400
• It is traditional fishing which is almost conducted
during the low spring tide around shallow waters
from coast line up to 10m depth (coral reef flats).
• There are 7,313 octopus fishers most of them are
men and 30% are women.
• Gear used are stick rods and spears.
36
Weight in Kg
4
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Unguja Island
2013
7
Before 1994 in Zanzibar focused on controlling users from over-harvesting and
depleting the resources. Top down approach.
• Most of octopus production is consumed in the local
market (households, hotels and restaurants) and some
ends up in Tanga (Tanzania mainland)
• Less than 10% of production is exported to out side the
country such as Hong Kong, Middle East and Kenya
50
60000
50000
40
40000
30
30000
20
20000
10
10000
0
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Various studies have been conducted to determine the methods, gears and
other regulations that ensured sustainable exploitation of the marine resources.
The government had the task of monitoring and enforcing compliance with the
utilization plan and the resource users were unable to self regulate. As a result
an increase in marine environment destruction has been observed.
Production profile 2007 - 2012
70000
2012
8
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
OCTOPUS EXPORTATION TREND
60
Pemba Island
District
1 600
1 400
As a result of destruction from such practices and observing a significant
reduction in catches, some local fishermen took action to protect their livelihood
and requested assistance from the Government.
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
2006
2007
Total catch
Value
2008
2009
ZNZ
2010
2011
2012
The government changed its policy to community based resource management,
whereby the government and the community jointly manage the utilization of
resources.
Export
9
10
FISHERIES CO-MANAGEMNT
Policy statement on community participation in fisheries management
The government’s agriculture policy (fisheries sub-sector) of 2000 put a big emphasis on
community participation in fisheries management.
Fishers associations were encouraged to be formed and act as the link between the
government and the locals community including fisher.
Statement: Increase fish catch in artisanal fisheries in a sustainable manner
Strategy: revive and encourage through community participation traditional fisheries management
practices.
•
The government village leader of the particular village calls for a meeting of all
fishermen, for the purpose of choosing members of the committee with their number
ranging from ten to fifteen depending on the size of villages.
• Establishment of conservation areas (MBCA, MIMCA
and PECCA)
Statement: The government will promote sustainable development of artisanal fishers.
Strategy: Promote establishment of fishers association for easy provision of extension services
building awareness and for pooling resources for investment.
•
Sometimes committee members in collaboration with the rest of the fishers divide into
smaller units such as development, enforcement/patrol, environment, finance etc.
•
Once completed, the government officially accepts the committee as a certain village’s
fishermen representatives and gives it an official certificate signed by the Principal
Secretary responsible for fisheries and the District Commissioner of the district
concerned.
Statement: To promote the conservation of marine environment.
Strategy: Promote community participation in managing and conserving aquatic resource.
Statement: Stop the use of destructive fishing gears and technique in artisanal fisheries.
Strategy: Involve fishers association in the monitoring and reporting on the use of destructive fishing
gears.
• There are 154 landing sites out of which 30 are used
for collecting monthly data and other fisheries
information through Catch Assessment Survey.
5
2007
Apart from the fisheries management in general, the
octopus are managed through different measures
including:• Provide permits (licensing for fishermen)
• Development of fisheries Acts, MCU regulation and
bylaws for sustainability of fisheries development
• Traditionally fishers go fishing on foot but around
2004 some of octopus fisher (young) started to
fish through skin diving.
2006
Year
Tonnes
OCTOPUS FISHERIES IN ZANZIBAR
2005
Octopus export 2007 - 2012
• 90% of Zanzibar is depending on fish and other marine products for
their protein intake, a situation which leads to have an average per
capita consumption between 20 – 25 kg. of fish per year.
0
2004
• Capture fishery catches including octopus have increased from a
level of around 22.5 thousand tons in the year 2000 to 28.8 thousand
tons in 2011(fisheries Dept).
3
100000
50000
2
Year
600
0
• The sector contributes about 6% to the GDP and employs about
34,571 fishermen, 2,141 fish-mongers.
• This therefore calls for the attention for proper
and sustainable development plans.
800
150000
200
• The fishermen use traditional fishing gears and vessels including
small boats, dhows, canoes and outrigger canoes.
• Consequently, this poses a special stress not only
to the OCTOPUS habitats but also marine
environment and over exploitation of the
surrounded resources.
1000
400
• Fishery in Zanzibar is mostly artisanal which accounts to majority of
fish catch including octopus produced by fishermen mainly operating
in shallow waters.
• This means, that the population density is about
375 people per square meter. Thus the islands
are comparatively densely populated.
Unguja
Island
200000
1200
INTRODUCTION…
INTRODUCTION…
Production in district
250000
1600
Unguja
Island
• The population is estimated to be
around 1.3 million people (2012
census) with an annual growth
rate of 3%.
EXPERIENCE OF OCTOPUS MANAGEMENT
IN ZANZIBAR
Island
These are areas indicate the
production of octopus by district
Weight in kg
14th
Value in US$
• The total area of both islands is
2,643 km2 (Unguja 1,658 km2
Pemba 985 km2).
OCTOPUS CATCH PRODUCTION TREND … Pemba
• Octopus species found in Zanzibar include
Octopus cyanea and Octopus vulgaris
• Octopus cyanea is primary species caught in
Zanzibar
• The average octopus production is about 1,066
tons per year
Octopus Production Trend
Weight in Tonnes
–
OCTOPUS CATCH TREND
• Zanzibar consists of two main
islands (Unguja and Pemba) and a
number of small islets among
which some are inhabited.
OCTOPUS FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT IN THE
SOUTH WEST INDIAN
OCEAN
13th
Pemba
Island
weight (Tonnes)
INTRODUCTION
6
Statement: To ensure the fishing community lives in harmony. Promote greater awareness among
fishers on the issues that cause conflicts and make use of traditional method of solving
problems
Strategy: Involve community groups and or fishers association to enforce relevant laws and
11
regulations.
Once the committee has been officially recognized it starts to undertake regular meetings
and discusses management issues as per the point of view of the community they are
representing for the sustainable development.
12
37
Co-management approach
INDIGENOUS MANAGEMENT
• Fishing camp – Control of migratory fishermen
COMMUNITY (Fishers)
Village Executive
Committee
Incidences of Crown of Thorns Starfish (COTS)
and corallimorpharian outbreaks
• Improper anchoring damaging the octopus
habitats
• Seasonal closure for:-
Target and
Implementation
Goal and
Objective
Village Fishermen
Committee
Challenges…
Challenges…
– Religious celebration (eg. Ramadhan, Maulid etc)
– Traditional celebration (eg. Makunduchi villages
and Jambiani villages)
– Traditional beliefs (eg. Makunduchi, Jambiani and
Msuka villages)
Government
Department of Fisheries Development
(Marine Conservation Unit)
13
CHALLENGES
NATURAL MANAGEMENT
• During the South-East monsoon some of
fishermen from south of Islands can not fish
around their respective fishing grounds
• Population increase in coastal areas employed in the
fisheries sectors result in competition of marine
resources harvesting and use of destructive fishing
gears which leads to over fishing.
• During the North-East monsoon some of
fishermen from north of Islands can not fish
around their respective fishing grounds
• Insufficient scientific study on octopus eg. stock
assessment etc.
15
• Lack of awareness for new generation engaging to the
fisheries industry.
Photos show some destructed areas
The evidence of high fishing pressures at the fishing area can be
drawn from the fact that it results in escalating use of
destructive fishing methods as competition for limited fish
resource intensifies . (ASSESSMENT OF ZANZIBAR MARINE PROTECTED
AREAS 2008, BY Zahor Mohamed El Kharousy and Mohamed
Suleiman Mohamed)
Previous surveys within the fishing grounds have documented
cases of destructive fishing practices, for example the laying
of fish traps and abandoned nets damaging on top of coral
including octopus habitats (Rapid Assessment of the MPAs).
16
21
Net entangling due to the lost of fishing nets
• Lack of NGOs dealing with octopus fishery
38
18
22
• Strengthening Co-management network.
• Conduct assessment studies including Stock
assessment of octopus etc.
• Empower the fishers to access farther fishing grounds
to minimize fishing pressure
• Identify potential marine areas and propose to be
designated as marine conservation areas
• Increasing awareness to the stakeholders including
local community.
• Strengthening of control and surveillance activities
(MCS).
• Increasing of octopus market demand from tourism sector
leading to over harvesting and young generation disobeying
of management measures.
17
WAY FORWARD AND RECOMMENDATION
Challenges…
• Increasing rate of expenditure (Operation costs) for patrol
activities (Monitoring Control and Surveillance) due to the
increasing rate of fuel cost.
20
Challenges…
The increasing water temperatures as a
result of global warming will almost definitely
result in loss of coral and octopus habitats.
• Inadequate conservation areas as well as fishing grounds.
Bad or illegal fishing methods
Challenges…
Challenges…
19
Challenges…
• Low level of education, awareness and capital for
fishers to go outside of the MPAs instead of
converging at particular fishing areas.
• Physical and oceanographic characteristics of
fishing grounds eg. Kwamwana reef there is
steep slope and currents hence dangerous for
conduct fishing
14
23
24
39
ANNEX X
CONCLUSION
WAY FORWARD AND RECOMMENDATION…
• Establishing alternative sources of income and new legal fishing
techniques
• Improve data collection.
• Review the size limit of fish including octopus
• Establish zoning of the area including strengthening the local
community in octopus open and closure management.
• Continue monitoring and take immediate action for
sustainability of octopus habitats
• Strengthening and promote collaboration with well established
counterparts within and outside the country, preferably in Indian
Ocean programmes so as to learn and benefit from their
experience.
Presentation: MAURITIUS
25
The cumulative effects of all these stresses have the
potential to destroy octopus habitats and shift them to
less diverse and productive state. This is exactly what
is appearing to be happening at some of Zanzibar
fishing grounds.
Without urgent and significant interventions the
octopus habitat will continue to deteriorate with farreaching consequences to the tourism industry and the
livelihood of the fishing population.
However with good management and appropriate
conservation measures, it is very likely that the
ecosystem health as well as octopus habitats in the
fishing grounds can considerably recover.
26
13 – 14 February 2014
Mauritius
FOR YOUR
ATTRITION
AFRC Infrastructure
Albion Fisheries Research Centre (AFRC) is
the technical arm of the Ministry of
Fisheries.
It was Constructed and Equipped with
Assistance from Government of Japan
(JICA)
1981 - 1995.
Main Objectives of AFRC
Fisheries Planning and Licensing
Monitoring Control Surveillance/Vessel
Monitoring System/Port State Control
 Aquaculture
 Marine Science
 Laboratories Division
 Marine Conservation
 Marine Resources
 Fisheries Dev/Training
The Fisheries Protection Service -11 Fisheries
Post located around the island.


40
41
Data processing
The Division is responsible for carrying out research and
development activities aimed at increasing knowledge
on the fishery resources found in our coastal waters and
EEZ with a view to enabling its sustainable
development.
Projects

Coastal (artisanal fishery)

Banks fishery

St. Brandon inshore fishery

The semi industrial fishery

The fishery on the drop-off of banks

Tuna fishery
Mauritius Catch Assessment Survey (MAUCAS)
software, designed by FAO, is being used for data entry.

Traditional means and method of fishing
 Gear used –Basket Traps (BT), Hook and Line
(L), Harpoons (Hp), Large Net (LN), and
gillnets (GN)
 Main species caught are the white fish
(lethrinids), Parrot fish (scarids), rabbit fish
(sigannids), Octopus and mullets.

Main source of fresh fish supply to the market.
 Fishery is carried out by local fishermen inside
the lagoon and off-lagoon near the outer reef
 Fishing ground around Mauritius extends
approximately to an area of 1208 km2 up to the
depth of 100 metres.
 In 2012 about 1986 active fishermen and 1694
active fishing pirogues are involved in this
fishery.

Processing of data to produce monthly catch estimate by
stratum, species, by gear, ground of fishing, price and
catch per fishermenday
Process annual catch estimates in the artisanal fishery
Calculate monthly average price of fish and value of
catch.
Prepare and provide fisheries statistical data to FAO,
SADC, Statistics Mauritius and Ministry of
Environment in their required format.
Catch (t), fisherman-days and CPFD of the
artisanal fishery
Estimated
Fisherman- CPFD
Year
catch
days
(kg)
(tonnes)
2004
263 603
4.2
1043
2005
231 200
4.1
947
2006
214 050
4.4
950
2007
144 883
4.4
640
2008
121 967
5.6
682
2009
127 343
6.4
820
2010
128 754
6.5
831
2011
6.9
892
129 307
2012
5.9
705
119 416
About 8 carrier boats,( Eliza, La Derive, Mahi
mahi, Etretat, Marie Charlotte, St. Rita,
Shandrani (FIT), Vimaya) operate in this fishery
 About 30 contractual fishermen and about 20
fiber boats were active in this fishery.
 In 2010, a total amount of 366.6 tonnes of fish
including octopus and lobster was landed.
 Fish caught by hand lines, octopus using
harpoon and lobster were handpicked.
 Catch are frozen or chilled or salted

Outcome
Reliable fishery statistical data
provided for the sound management
of the coastal fishery.
Objective
Maintain records of fishery statistical data for
estimation of fish catch for the coastal fishery
management
Catch of octopus-Mauritius, lagoon/offlagoon,
St. Brandon
 Main species in the catch: Octopus cyanea and
Octopus vulgaris
 Out of 1986 active fishermen about 150
fishermen are involved in this fishery
 Most of the catch of octopus are for the local
consumption . They are sold to the local
markets, hotels and restaurants

60 FISH LANDING STATIONS
8. Missié Pitit
9. St. François
7. Grand Gaube II
6. Grand Gaube I
10. Cap Malheureux
5 Melville
11. Bains des Boeufs
4 Bain de Rosnay
12. Grand Bay
13. Pointe aux Cannoniers
3. Poudre D’Or
15
14. Trou aux Biches
2. Pointe des Lascars
15. Pointe aux Piments
1. Roches Noires
16. Tombeau Bay
60. Poste Lafayette
17. Roches Bois
18 Bains des Dames
59 Poste de Flacq
23
58. Belle Mare
20. Pointe aux Sables I
55. Trou D’Eau Douce
21. Pointe aux Sables II
54. Camps des Pêcheurs
52. Deux Frères
51. Quatre Soeurs
22
22. Albion
57. Palmar
5 6 . M o rcy
19. G.R.N.W.
53. G.R.S.E.
50. Grand Sables
23. Flic en Flac
48. Bambous Virieux
47. Anse Jonchée
24. Tamarin
45. Old Grand Port I
25. La Preneuse
43. Rivère des Creole
26. Black River
41. Mahebourg
27. Petite Rivère Noire
46. Bois des Amourettes
44 Old Grand Port II
42 Ville Noire
40. Pointe D’Esny
39. Blue Bay
28. Case Noyale
29. La Gaulette
30. Le Morne
38. Le Bouchon
34. Baie du Jacotet
33. St. Martin
31. Baie du Cap I
37. Souillac
32. Baie du Cap II
42
49. Petit Sable
35. St. Felix
36. Riambel
Data collection is undertaken by Marine
Resources Division.
 Among the 60 fish landing stations (FLS), 20
– 25 FLS are sampled monthly, randomly
 Enumerators (FPS Officers) posted at FLS
collect data on all species in a daily catch
assessement survey data sheet.
 Data such as fishing grounds, species, weight,
gear, number of fishing days, number of
fishermen and fishing pirogues, price of fish
are recorded.
Year
Frozen
fish
Chilled
fish
Salted Frozen
fish
octopus
Frozen
lobster
Total
2006
116.8
59.2
45.2
2.1
1.1
224.5
Year
2007
98.4
21.9
16.4
3.6
0.0
140.2
2008
313.0
90.9
41.2
6.1
2.8
454.1
2009
4.5
337.0
45.8
1.8
0.8
389.9
2010
86.4
238.6
36,5
1.8
3.3
366.6
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
% of octopus
Octopus catch (t)
catch (t)
catch (t)
1166
131
11
1043
110
11
947
85
9
950
81
9
640
68
11
682
78
12
820
84
10
831
91
11
892
78
9
705
55
8
43
Lagoon
83.0
77.7
66.5
76.0
83.0
89.9
75.8
54.2
Trend in catch of Octopus (t) by fishing
Offlagoon
1.9
3.7
2.0
2.5
1.3
1.0
1.8
0.6

ground
100,0
Catch (t)
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
80,0
60,0
Lagoon
40,0
Offlagoon
20,0
0,0
Biological studies of some lagoon fishes, that
included Octopus vulgaris, by Mrs. S. Rathacharen
and Mr. D. Degambur (1999), AFRC
Objectives
 To determine the growth rate, length at sexual
maturity, life span and fecundity
 To establish the spawning period
 To determine the food and feeding habits

Study carried out from1990 to 1995

12,388 Octopus vulgaris were sampled

The biodata collected per stratum were the
mantle length, the total length, total weight
and sex.
Catch (t) of octopus by region
Estimated catch of octopus (t)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
0
2003
Catch (t)
131
110
85
81
68
78
84
91
78
55
Catch (t)
Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Trend of Catch of octopus (t) by region
50
Catch (t)
40
West
East
North
20
10
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
44
West
25
28
20
20
28
25
18
22
East
37
37
24
50
30
41
40
20
North
23
16
24
33
26
25
19
12
Average retail price of Octopus (Rs/kg)
60
30
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Price Rs/Kg
2005
125
2006
130
2007
135
2008
150
2009
160
2010
170
2011
180
2012
200
Sex ratio indicated that there was 1.4 times as
many females as males in the population.
 O. vulgaris feeds mainly on benthic organisms
and is an active predator.
 Dominant forage in the macro diet consisted of
juvenile crabs, crustaceans, molluscs, bivalves,
echinoderms, shrimps, scales of fish, fish
flesh, bits of corals and rocks, sand fragments
of seaweeds and other cephalopods.

The octopus landings by fishers at fish landing
stations (FLS) are monitored by the Fisheries
Protection Service.
 Visits at FLS are also effected by Officers
from AFRC
 The percentage of octopus in the Artisanal
Fishery has decreased from 11% (2003) to 8%
(2012)
 The
micro stomach content indicated
presence of copepodites and
bacteriophyceae in the guts, namely
Rhabdonema sp, Tintinnopsis sp.,
Navicula sp, Bacillaria sp., Peridinium
sp. among others.






In 2010 about 11 279 (t) – about 12.8 % of total
imports for the year 2010
75 554 (t) tuna (raw material)
1 178 (t) frozen barracouta – dried for salted snoek
(New Zealand)
Import of fish ( parrot fish, moonfish, marlin,
vieille, sailfish and tuna) (76.5 %), Crustacean
(prawn, shrimp, crab, lobster) (14.0 %), cephalopod
(octopus, squid, cattlefish) (8,8 %)
Shell fish (mussels, oyster, clam, scallop) (0.7 %)
45
Imports of frozen fish and fish products (t)


Canned fish are imported from Morocco and
Chile
Frozen fish – India, South Africa<
Madagascar, Thailand and Indonesia
Import and export of fish and fish
products and trade balance
Year
Fish
Crustaceans
Cephalopod
Shellfish
Total
2006
4 848
1 061
696
49
6 654
2007
4 473
1 298
907
42
6 720
2008
4 937
1 486
878
44
7 345
2009
5 428
1 131
1 008
63
7 630
2010
4 961
1 495
985
73
7 514
 Among
the regulation3 of undersized fish
is octopus, commonly known as Ourite,
scientific name - Octopus sp. Size less
than 7cm, (Length measured from the tip
of mantle to the level of the eye (mantle
length)
46
With the view to reduce fishing effort in the
overexploited lagoon, fishers are encouraged
to catch large pelagic fish around Fish
Aggregating Devices (FADs) moored around
the island.
 Government provided incentives and
appropriate tranning to fishermen willing to
operate around FADs

Conclusion
•Government
Notice No. 54 of 2006
The Fisheries and Marine Resources Act
In 2010 Import quantity (t) – 155 000, value (Million Rupees) – 7
810
Export – Quantity (t) – 104 740, value (MR) – 10 118
Balance – value (MR)- 2 308
There is a regulated mesh size for nets and
basket trap.
 There is a size limit to catch certain fish
species.
 Control of illegal means and methods of
fishing. For example, underwater fishing and
fishing with poisonous substances or any
gunny bag, cloth or leaf are not authorized.

•-Regulations made by the Ministry under section 9 (1)
and 73 of the Fisheries and Marine Resources Act 1998.
•These
regulations may be cited as the Fisheries and
Marine Resources (Undersized Fish) regulations 2006
Research on biology, spawning
season,spawning zone, size of maturation of
octopus has to be continued
 Strict measures have to be implemented for
immature capture.
 Strict enforcement measures
 Educate and Awareness campaigne

The Ministry of Fisheries ensures the
sustainable development and management of
fisheries resources, conservation and protection
of living aquatic resources and the marine
environment in the waters of and of interest to
Mauritius and continued socio-economic
benefits to stakeholders.
Our vision is to be the driving force for the
sustainable development and management of
living aquatic resources in the waters of and of
interest to Mauritius.
Various measures are taken to achieve
sustainable use of our marine resources
There is a close season for net fishing as from the 1st of
October in a year to the last day of February of the
following year.
Certain gears are allowed to be used only during a certain
time during the day. For example no person shall fish
with or have in his possession at sea a gill net between 06
00 hours and 18 00 hours.
There is a time period to fish certain species. For
example, no person is allowed to fish oysters from the 1st
October in a year to the last day of March of the
following year.
47
ANNEX XI
Conclusions and recommendations
You want to manage your octopus
fishery…
• What has convinced you?
THE WAY TO GO
• Where to start?
• Which steps to take?
• What to avoid?
• What to be careful of/where is the risk?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What has convinced you?
Where to start?
Decline in catches as a signal for taking action
Decline in export
Example of Madagascar as success story
Evolution of the fishery towards destructive practices
Example of Rodrigues as a success story including on aspects
related to alternative activities
General decline in catches throughout the region
Closure is an easy measure to implement with a good chance of
success
Easy to convince people (interesting price of the octopus for the
value chain)
Easy to implement with a pilot project
Previous experiences have shown good effects in tonnage and
money for the whole value chain
• Build on existing initiatives from villages/BMUs
• Work with fishers so that they understand what we are trying to do
/ sensitization (building on existing initiatives)
• Improve catch data collection system in order to provide evidence
to decision makers (economic value/potential)
• Getting political will and consultation of fishers/stakeholders
• Select a few sites for data collection and sensitization on the closure
• Step-by-step approach starting with a few sites where people are
convinced of the need to act => oil spill effect
• Ensure involvement of private sector
• Stock assessment and sensitization in hot spots where fishers
would be « early adopters »
• Business approach: prepare a dossier and don’t sell it until you
know it will fly
Which steps to take?
What to avoid?
• Undertake consultations and use the information to
feed back at the political level and repeat the loop until
you reach consensus for drafting the regulation
• Identify areas that are performing well in management
for further monitoring and sensitization
• Set up a platform for discussion along the closure to
gather testimonies about the trial
• Clearly identify roles and responsibilities and duly
empower people concerned (including
steering/piloting committee)
• Ensure that trials are respected (no poaching from
outside)
48
• Don’t start too small (too short closure) to make sure that the trial
will show some positive results
• Don’t expect too much
• Top-down approach to the management of the fishery
• Don’t impose a theoretical vision. Adopt a pragmatic approach
• Don’t copy-paste from elsewhere. Get inspired and adjust instead
• Avoid any kind of compensation as much as possible. You won’t be
able to get rid of it
• Excessive fishing effort at re-opening
• Ensure a fair repartition of benefits
• Paying too little attention to the post-harvest sector
What to be careful of/where is the
risk?
• Poaching (in general or from outside in the context of a
localized trial)
• Price drop at reopening
• Lack of participation = failure
• Don’t disappoint, don’t do things half way and make sure
you have sufficient resources for any unforeseen issue
• Don’t re-open when weather or tide will interfere
• Storage capacity
• Political interference/toxicity during implementation
• Make sure that the ones who made efforts are the ones
who benefit first
SmartFish is a regional fisheries programme
managed by the Indian Ocean Commission,
funded by the European Union and co-implemented
by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations. SmartFish, which operates in
twenty countries throughout the Indian Ocean
Region, Southern and Eastern Africa, focuses
on fisheries governance, management, monitoring control and surveillance, trade, and food
security.
Blue Tower, 5th floor, Rue de l’Institut
Ebene, Mauritius
Tel: (+230) 402 61 00
Fax: (+230) 466 01 60
www.coi-ioc.org
www.smartfish-coi.org

regional symposium on octopus fisheries management in the south

Transcription

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