oklahoma history of flooding - Oklahoma Floodplain Managers

Transcription

OKLAHOMA HISTORY OF
FLOODING
1895 to 2007
Weather Time Line: Oklahoma
1900-1914
• 1900 September 9-10: Floods in eastern Indian Territory from heavy rains associated
with remnants of the Galveston Hurricane.
• 1906 Wettest August of century: statewide-averaged precipitation of 6.54 inches.
• 1906 September 16: Sudden flooding along the Cimarron River south of Dover
washes out the railroad bridge, causing a spectacular train wreck.
• 1908 Wettest June of century: statewide-averaged precipitation of 8.73 inches.
Widespread flooding reported.
• 1908 Driest December of century: 0.07 inches, averaged statewide.
• 1909 Wettest November of century: 5.72 inches, averaged statewide.
• Despite the wet November, 1909 represents the onset of 1909-1918 drought
• 1910 Driest year of century: statewide-averaged precipitation of 18.95 inches.
• 1910 Ending of the driest consecutive years of century (1909-1910): 23.02
inches/year.
• 1912 Ending of driest 4 consecutive years of century (1909-1912): statewideaveraged precipitation of 25.89 inches per year.
• 1914 May 1-5: Floods on Canadian River from rains in New Mexico –flow along the
entire Oklahoma length went from nil to overflow overnight. Flooding was also
reported along the North Canadian and the Cimarron.
1908 - Tulsa
•Flooding along the Arkansas in Tulsa. The
railroads are hit hard. A railroad bridge
was washed out when a private levee
failed; causing $1.3 M in damages to 64
buildings
1914-1921
• 1914 Ending of driest 6 consecutive years of century (1909-1914): statewideaveraged precipitation of 27.12 inches.
• 1915 June 3-18: Flood on North Canadian inundated low-lying districts of southern
and eastern Oklahoma City.
• 1915 September 14,15 9.55 inches of rain in central Osage County, significant
flooding in Pawhuska.
• 1916 January: Fort Gibson records 13.08 inches of precipitation. Neosho, Verdigris,
and Arkansas rivers all flood. Widespread sleet and snow occurred late in the month.
• 1916 June: Heavy rains in northwestern Oklahoma on the 4th and 5th lead to
extensive flooding on the North Canadian, especially, beginning on the 13th, in
Oklahoma City where 6 to 10 feet of water cover Wheeler Park (behind the levee).
• 1917 End of driest 8 consecutive years of century (1910-1917): statewide-averaged
precipitation of 29.09 inches per year.
• 1918 September: End of nearly continuous 10-year drought that began in 1909.
• 1920 May 17: 10 inch rain at Hugo in 12 hours.
• 1920 October 21-30: Extensive flooding along North Canadian River –levees
breached in Oklahoma City, flooding low-lying industrial and residential sections.
• 1921 April 4,5: Heavy rain, flash flooding near Clinton –several hundred cattle
drowned.
1923-1934
• 1923 June 11-13: Severe flooding along Arkansas and Chikaskia rivers,
especially in Ponca City, Blackwell, and Tulsa.
• 1923 October 13-16: Severe flooding along North Canadian. Breach of Lake
Overholser Dam forces the evacuation of 15,000 residents in Oklahoma
City. This flood led to a radical redistribution of housing patterns in the city
as higher income families moved northward, away from the river.
• 1927 April 6,7:Heavy rains added to already high stream flow produce
greatest flooding along the Arkansas River (below the mouth of the Neosho
River) since 1833.The flood extended through the 19th inundating 165,000
acres with losses totaling $4M (in 1927 dollars).
• 1932 June 3: Flood on the North Canadian, severe in Oklahoma City. 5
dead, 3200 homeless.
• 1932-1938: General droughty conditions combine with inappropriate farming
practices and a depressed economy to create the “
Dust Bowl”throughout
the High Plains including northwestern Oklahoma.
• 1933: Driest June, statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.46 inch.
• 1934 April 3-4: Hammon flood in eastern Roger Mills County. 14 inches of
rain in 6 hours near Cheyenne.
October 1923
• Disastrous floods had struck Oklahoma in June and
October of 1923. The Canadian River shattered
Oklahoma City’
s water supply dam. In Tulsa the
Arkansas destroyed the city waterworks and drove 4,000
from their homes. Nearly every wagon and railroad
bridge in central Oklahoma was washed out. There were
proposals to create reservoirs on the Arkansas and Red
Rivers to help prevent future flooding.
• The Tulsa Chamber of Commerce leads an effort to form
a seven state commission to investigate flood control
methods in the Arkansas and Red River basins.
1923 Flood –Bixby, Oklahoma
October 1923 –North Canadian
River Flood
•North Canadian River Flood - October 1316, 1923. Floodwaters from the North
Canadian River produced extensive
damage in downtown Oklahoma City.
The 1927 flood on the Arkansas
• The 1927 flood on the Arkansas, the greatest ever known, came
out of a little area here in southeastern Kansas."
• As a result of excessive rainfall, the Arkansas River became a
conduit for an eight to ten foot wall of water--with registered flows of
750,000 cubic feet per second--roaring down the valley and
emptying into the Mississippi River. Nearly every levee down river
from Fort Smith, Arkansas, to the Mississippi, was destroyed.
• This occurrence led to the formation of the ARFCA (Arkansas River
Flood Control Association). The focus of this organization was to
lobby members of Congress for a comprehensive flood control
program.
• The next year a flood control act is passed by Congress. The
Arkansas and Red Rivers are included for survey as part of this
comprehensive study.
1935-1947
• 1935 February, March, and April: Unusually severe dust storms. The most general one on April
10-11,covered almost the entire state and was the heaviest known in central and eastern portions,
reducing visibility to 11/2 blocks as far east as Cleveland (Pawnee County). The “
Black Sunday”
dust storm that struck in northwestern Oklahoma on the 14th was the worst ever seen in that
region. Visibility was reduced to zero from Kenton to Arnett, beginning shortly after 4 PM.
According to the observer at Kenton, the storm struck at 4:20 PM “
turning afternoon brightness
immediately into midnight darkness, and absolute zero visibility. It was totally dark and impossible
to see without searchlight for at least 15 minutes. In the course of one hour, faint visibility was
returning just enough to get around in the open. The storm came from the north and northeast and
traveled at a very great speed.”(Quote from Climatological Data, April 1935 which cited Mr. Ralph
H. Guy.)
• 1938: Wettest February of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 4.66 inches.
• 1941: Wettest month of century, October statewide-averaged precipitation of 11.32 inches.
• 1942 Wettest April of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 8.50 inches.
• 1943 May 18-22: Record flood on the Arkansas near Muskogee.
• 1945 April 13-14: 14.6 inches of rain at Seminole. Wewoka Dam fails.
• 1945 Wettest September of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 7.86 inches.
• 1947 Statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.20 inches ties for driest February of century.
The 1943 flood on the Arkansas
•Flooding -24 inches of rain in 6 days from
McAlester to Muskogee. Some reports
state that "half of Arkansas" was
underwater.
1943 Flood - Tulsa
Tulsa Historical Flood Reports
1943 Flood - Tulsa
1948-1957
• 1948 June 23-24: As much as 20 inches of rain in west central Oklahoma leads to major flash
flooding near Hydro and in Kingfisher. Flood on Route 66 near Hydro kills 11.
• 1949: Wettest January of century, state-averaged precipitation of 5.23 inches.
• 1950 May 11-12: Flood of record on Illinois River near Tahlequah. The new Fort Gibson reservoir
filled one year ahead of predictions.
• 1950-1956 Driest 7-year period of century with an average annual statewide precipitation of 28.51
inches
• 1950: Wettest July of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 9.26 inches.
• 1952-1956: Driest 5-year period of century with an annual average statewide precipitation of 25.81
inches.
• 1952: Tied for driest October of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.14 inch.
• 1954-1956: Driest 3-year period of century with an annual average statewide precipitation of 24.50
inches.
• 1956 September: Driest September of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.27 inch.
• 1956 Regnier annual precipitation of 6.53 inches is least ever for any station in state.
• 1957 May 16-21: Heavy rains throughout. Major flooding on Cimarron, Arkansas, Canadian. $20M
losses to agriculture alone. Lake Texoma emergency spillway opened for first time. Floods
marked the end of persistent drought that began in 1952.
• 1957: Wettest May of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 10.68 inches
1948 –Hydro, Oklahoma Flood
•Flash Flooding in Hydro - June 23-24,
1948. Unofficial rainfall of over 20 inches
in a few hours led to 11 drownings on
Highway 66.
1957-1981
• 1957: Annual precipitation at Kiamichi Tower, 84.47 inches, greatest of century at any
reporting station.
• 1957: Wettest year of Century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 48.21
inches.
• 1959 October 2-5: Severe flooding on Cimarron and Arkansas.
• 1973 Wettest March of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 7.46 inches.
• 1973 October 11: 15.68 inches of rain at Enid, state record daily and 24 hour rainfall
(fell in 13 hours). 12 inches fell in 3hours. Flash-flooding killed 9.
• 1974 June 8: Tornado hits Tulsa and Mingo Creek floods, $29 M damage.
• 1977 August 27-28: 12 inches of rain fell near Cache, 7.7 inches in 6 hours.
• 1978: Dr. Amos Eddy designated Oklahoma State Climatologist, the first non-federal
• employee to hold that position.
• 1980: Oklahoma Climatological Survey established at the University of Oklahoma.
• 1980 Driest July of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.41 inch.
• 1981 October 10-17: Remnants of Hurricane Norma produce as much as 18 inches
of rain in 36 hours in south central Oklahoma (Kingston-Madill-Tishomingo).
Arkansas River at Muskogee
•Historical Crests
(1) 48.20 ft on 05/21/1943
(2) 39.60 ft on 10/06/1986
(3) 39.03 ft on 05/26/1957
(4) 38.32 ft on 05/11/1943
(5) 37.23 ft on 10/31/1941
(6) 36.65 ft on 04/18/1945
(7) 36.50 ft on 04/15/1927
(8) 34.00 ft on 10/07/1959
(9) 32.72 ft on 04/21/1941
(10) 32.70 ft on 05/09/1961
May 1957 –Tulsa Flood
1973 Enid Flood
•Rainfall of over 15 inches led to nine
deaths. This flash flood nearly rivals the
Tulsa flash flood of May 26-27, 1984
1973 ENID FLOOD
• There seems to be, even today, a great interest in the "great" flood of Enid,
Oklahoma.
The huge amount of rainfall that fell in Enid is known as the "Enid Flood". The flood
took place October 10 and 11 of 1973. The storm was caused by a locally intense
thunderstorm that was centered over Enid. This storm produced the greatest urban
rainfall on record in Oklahoma. Rainfall accumulations were 15 to 20 inches within a
100 square mile area. A recorded 2 inches fell in 3 hours.
The cause of the storm was a low pressure center that moved northeastward along a
slowly moving cold front. These two systems stalled over north-central Oklahoma,
depositing record-breaking rainfall. The 24-hour rainfall total at Enid of 15.68 inches
exceeded the previous record which occurred September 3-4, 1940 (at Sapulpa).
The rain in Enid actually fell in about 12 hours, with 75 percent of it falling in 4 hours.
The severe flash flooding that resulted from the rainfall in Enid destroyed or severely
damaged 300 homes and 40 businesses. The rainfall also contributed to nine deaths.
In Garfield County alone, property damages were estimated at 8 million dollars, with
damages to crops and land that climbed to some 13 million.
Tulsa –June 8, 1974
Tornadoes and floods left 13 dead June 8, 1974,
in several state cities and towns, including in Tulsa,
where one person was killed and damage was
estimated at $29 million.
August 27-28, 1977
•The flash flood in West Cache and Blue Beaver
Creeks in southwestern Oklahoma was the
result of a severe thunderstorm; runoff was
2,210 cubic feet per second in the upstream
reach of Blue Beaver Creek. Rainfall data
indicated 24-hour totals of 12 in. immediately
south of Cache; an area-weighted average
rainfall of 7.7 in. fell during a 6 hour storm period
within a 200 square mile area, illustrating the
large quantity of water that can result from an
Oklahoma thunderstorm
1983-1989
• 1983 October 17-23: Remnants of Hurricane Tico produce up to 10-15 inches of rain, extensive
flooding, from Rush Springs to Shawnee. Damages estimated at $84M, including $77M to
agriculture.
• 1984 May 26-27: Tulsa Memorial Day flood –more than 12 inches of rain overnight, subsequent
flooding left 14 dead, destroyed or damaged 5,500 homes and over 7,000 vehicles. In reaction to
this disaster, Tulsa launched a massive flood prevention and warning system that remains among
the most effective public safety programs in the nation.
• 1984 Wettest December of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 4.98 inches.
• 1986 Driest January of century with a statewide averaged precipitation of 0.04 inches.
• 1986 September 30-October 4: Remnants of Hurricane Paine produce rains of around 10 inches
in western and central Oklahoma and as much as 20 inches in north central Oklahoma. Major
flooding on Arkansas River and its tributaries. Flooding was reported in 52 counties, damages
estimated at $350M, half of that to agriculture.
• 1987 May 29-30: Intense thunderstorm producing 5 to 11 inches of rain produced flash flooding in
Chickasha, Lindsey, and Pauls Valley.
• 1987 mid-December through early January 1988: Series of winter storms. December 13- 15: 8 to
14 inches of snow over northwest half of state, drifting up to 4 feet. December 25-27: Intense ice
storm along 40-mile-wide stretch from Duncan to Norman to Tulsa and on to Miami left 75,000
homes without power, one-third of those for as long as a week. Ice accumulations of one to two
inches on power lines and trees led to $10M indamages. Flooding occurred on rivers just
southeast of the ice storm.
• 1988 Driest May of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 1.30 inches.
• 1989 Driest April of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.58 inch.
Flooding, October 17-21, 1983
•Moisture from the remains of Pacific
hurricane Tico combined with a frontal
system to produce widespread rainfall of
6-15 inches across southwest, central, and
northeast Oklahoma, leading to extensive
flooding. This event produced the current
24-hour rainfall record at Oklahoma City of
8.95 inches
1984 Memorial Day Flood - Tulsa
•14 Died, 288 Injured, $180 M in Damage,
7000 Buildings Affected
1984 Flood –Mingo Creek
• Flash Flood in Tulsa, May 26-27, 1984 (Memorial Day weekend). Arguably
the most significant urban flash flood in Oklahoma history, as rainfall of up
to 15 inches (perhaps more - many gages overflowed) pounded the city
overnight, leading to 14 deaths. The flood also led to the development of
Tulsa's successful urban flood-plain management and warning system.
May 26-27, 1984 - Tulsa
•Rainfall of up to 15 inches (probably more
as many gages overflowed) pounded the
Tulsa area overnight, leading to 14 deaths.
1986 Flood - Tulsa
•Flooding, northern Oklahoma, late September
and early October, 1986. Remnants of two
Pacific tropical cyclones (Newton, then Paine)
combined to produce widespread one-week
rainfall totals of 10-20 inches across northern
Oklahoma, leading to record river flooding.
May 27-29, 1987
•Thunderstorms climaxed 11 days of intense
rains in central and southwestern Oklahoma,
with 10 to 15 in. of rain falling on some areas.
There were record discharges at the Pauls
Valley and Dickson gages. More than 200
floodwater-retarding structures built by the
Natural Resources Conservation Service had
emergency spillway discharge. There was
severe damage to the cities of Chickasha,
Lindsay, and Pauls Valley.
1990-2000
• 1990 May 1-4: Major flooding on Red, Canadian, and Arkansas.
• 1991 April 26: Severe thunderstorm outbreak, the first during which the National Weather Service
made operational use of the WSR-88D (Doppler) radar, commonly known as NEXRAD.
• 1994 March 1: Oklahoma Mesonet commissioned –first statewide network of its kind.
• 1994 Aug 17: Severe thunderstorm produces large hail over a north/south path extending from
Manchester, near the Kansas border, to Minco in central Oklahoma. Mesonet site at Lahoma
recorded a peak wind of 113 miles per hour before anemometer was broken.
• 1995-1996 August-May: Extreme drought disastrous fire season, very small wheat harvest.
• 1996 Driest February of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.20 inches (tied).
• 1999 May 3: Tornado outbreak in central Oklahoma –75 tornadoes in 21 hours. F5 damage in
Moore, Midwest City, Del City, south Oklahoma City. Toll: 40 dead, over 700 injures, $1B
damages.
• 1999: Most tornadoes in a single year, 137 tornadoes.
• 1998-1999: Most tornadoes in consecutive years, 220.
• 2000 August-September mini-drought, 1.16 inches of precipitation, statewide, over the two
months, was 5.5 inches less than normal. August’
s statewide-averaged precipitation (0.16 inch)
broke the 1936 record for that month
• And then came the Spring-Summer Rains in June-July 2007.
October 24, 1994
•10 AM - Heavy rain caused flash flooding
in Comanche County where 6 to 12 inches
of water were reported over roads
southwest of Sterling.
1996 - Lawton
•August 28, 1996, 3:50 AM - Water 2.5 feet
in depth covered US HWY 281 nine miles
north of Lawton.
•º August 28, 1996, 4:45 PM - Water to a
depth as high as car windshields at
intersection of 52nd and Rogers Lane in
Lawton.
July 10, 1997
•6 PM - Localized heavy rain resulted in the
flash flooding of Tony Creek and its
tributaries, stranding several motorists and
residents in the Fletcher and Elgin areas.
61st Street Overtopped by Adams Creek –
Wagoner County –City of Broken Arrow
After Storm
During Storm
May 4, 2006
“
Turn Around Don’
t Drown”
became more than a slogan.
Covington Creek –Wagoner County –City of Broken Arrow - May 4, 2006
Covington Creek AFTER the
flood peak.
Wagoner County –City of Broken Arrow –May 4, 2006
Car washed into a borrow ditch. BA
firefighters assisted\rescued 8 different
motorists from partially submerged vehicles.
Kunze Lake Spillway on
Covington Creek.
After Storm
During Storm –
May 4, 2006
June 29, 2007 - Shawnee
This property did not flood because a LOMR was required
June 29, 2007 - Shawnee
This property did not flood because a LOMR was required
Summer 2007 Flooding –Walters,
Oklahoma
It will Rain Again, It will Flood Again
Bill Smith is not a Prophet, just a good hydrologist
May –July 2007
And the rains came in the
middle of a drought
May 7, 2007 –Broken Arrow
101st & Garnett
Road
101st & Garnett Road
101st & Garnett Road
City of Miami –July 3, 2007
Central Ave beside NEO College
Fairgrounds and Football Fields July 3, 2007
Mars Pet Food Plant
Miami Municipal Swimming Pool
Miami Softball Fields
South Main Street
Water Treatment Plant
Creek County –July 2007
S 317th West Ave
Beggs, Oklahoma –July 2007
July 7, 2007 Coffeyville Refinery
Coffeyville, Kansas
Verdigris River 13 feet above flood stage
Dewey, Oklahoma July 2007
So this is where the water comes
from!!
It will Rain Again, It will Flood Again
1900-2000
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1900 September 9-10: Floods in eastern Indian Territory from heavy rains associated
with remnants of the Galveston Hurricane.
1905 February 13 cold snap: Vinita –27 degrees, all-time state record lowest temperature.
White Eagle reported minimum of –25.
1905 May 10: Tornado in Snyder kills 97.
1906 Coolest July of century: statewide-averaged temperature is 76.4 degrees .
1906 Wettest August of century: statewide-averaged precipitation of 6.54 inches.
1906 September 16: Sudden flooding along the Cimarron River south of Dover washes
out the railroad bridge, causing a spectacular train wreck.
1907 Warmest March of century: statewide –averaged temperature of 59.6 degrees.
1907 Coolest May of century: statewide-averaged temperature of 62.3 degrees.
1908 Wettest June of century: statewide-averaged precipitation of 8.73 inches.
Widespread flooding reported.
1908 Driest December of century: 0.07 inches, averaged statewide.
1909 Wettest November of century: 5.72 inches, averaged statewide.
Despite the wet November, 1909 represents the onset of 1909-1918 drought, the driest
10-year period (statewide precipitation 29.34 inches per year).
1910 Driest October of century: statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.14 inch, since tied.
1910 Driest year of century: statewide-averaged precipitation of 18.95 inches.
1910 Ending of the driest consecutive years of century (1909-1910): 23.02 inches/year.
1911 November 11-12: “
Blue Norther”lowers temperatures as much as 69 degrees in 18
hours (50 to 65 degrees in 2 to 3 hours. Oklahoma City record temperatures on November
11(max=83, min=17) both are from 1911, as is the record low for November 12 (14
degrees).
1911-1912 Heavy snow in December, January, and March give Beaver a state record for
seasonal snowfall: 87.3 inches.
1912 Ending of driest 4 consecutive years of century (1909-1912): statewide-averaged
1914 March 18 and 24: Violent sandstorms in western Oklahoma.
1914 May 1-5: Floods on Canadian River from rains in New Mexico –flow along the
entire Oklahoma length went from nil to overflow overnight. Flooding was also reported
along the North Canadian and the Cimarron.
1914 December 24,25: Severe snowstorm across central and southern Oklahoma.
1900-2000
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1914 Ending of driest 6 consecutive years of century (1909-1914): statewide-averaged
precipitation of 27.12 inches.
1915 Coldest March of century: statewide-averaged temperature of 39.2 degrees.
1915 June 3-18: Flood on North Canadian inundated low-lying districts of southern and
eastern Oklahoma City.
1915 September 14,15 9.55 inches of rain in central Osage County, significant flooding
in Pawhuska.
1915 Coolest August of century: statewide-averaged temperature of 73.9 degrees.
1916 January: Fort Gibson records 13.08 inches of precipitation. Neosho, Verdigris, and
Arkansas rivers all flood. Widespread sleet and snow occurred late in the month.
1916 June: Heavy rains in northwestern Oklahoma on the 4th and 5th lead to extensive
flooding on the North Canadian, especially, beginning on the 13th, in Oklahoma City
where 6 to 10 feet of water cover Wheeler Park (behind the levee).
1917 January 4: F3 Vireton tornado (13 NE of McAlester) kills 16 students in the
Choctaw Boarding School.
1917 June 1: F4 Coalgate tornado kills 14.
1917 End of driest 8 consecutive years of century (1910-1917): statewide-averaged
1918 September: End of nearly continuous 10-year drought that began in 1909.
1918 December: 30 inches of snow at Hurley (near Boise City). A severe snow and sleet
storm swept the state late in the month.
1918 End of driest 10 consecutive years of century (1909-1918): statewide-averaged
1919 November 27-29: Sleet/freezing rain across state with ice accumulations greater
than 1 inch in many localities.
1920 May 2: F4 Peggs tornado destroys town, killing 71.
1920 May 17: 10 inch rain at Hugo in 12 hours.
1920 October 21-30: Extensive flooding along North Canadian River –levees breached
in Oklahoma City, flooding low-lying industrial and residential sections.
1921 February 18,19: 8 to 18 inches of snow over most of the state.
1921 April 4,5: Heavy rain, flash flooding near Clinton –several hundred cattle drowned.
1922 March 13: F2 tornado at Gowan (Latimer County) kills 10.
1922 November 4: F4 tornado near Shamrock and Drumright kills 11.
1923 Warmest January of century: statewide-averaged temperature of 47.5 degrees.
1900-2000
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1923 June 11-13: Severe flooding along Arkansas and Chikaskia rivers, especially in
Ponca City, Blackwell, and Tulsa.
1923 October 13-16: Severe flooding along North Canadian. Breach of Lake Overholser
Dam forces the evacuation of 15,000 residents in Oklahoma City. This flood led to a
radical redistribution of housing patterns in the city as higher income families moved
northward, away from the river.
1924 March: Heavy snow over most of the state, most of the month. Alva recorded 37
inches, Beaver 33 inches, Woodward 28.5 inches, Geary 25 inches, Mutual 24.2 inches,
Norman 24 inches, Hooker 22 inches, Weatherford 21.5 inches, Eufaula, Hammon, and
Waukomis 21 inches each, Oklahoma City 20.3 inches.
1925 Coolest October of century: statewide-averaged temperature of 55.3 degrees.
1927 April 18: F4 tornado in rural Choctaw County near Fort Towson kills 10.
1925 July: Corn crop fails in summer drought.
1926 March 30: 16”snow at Boise City.
1927 April 6,7:Heavy rains added to already high stream flow produce greatest flooding
along the Arkansas River (below the mouth of the Neosho River) since 1833.The flood
extended through the 19th inundating 165,000 acres with losses totaling $4M (in 1927
dollars).
1929 Coolest November of century: statewide-averaged temperature of 42.6 degrees.
1930 January 18: Watts reports overnight low temperature of -27 degrees, to tie the alltime
lowest temperature in Oklahoma.
1930 November 19: F4 tornado at Bethany, kills 23.
1931 Warmest September of century with a statewide averaged temperature of 80.6
degrees.
1932 June 3: Flood on the North Canadian, severe in Oklahoma City. 5 dead, 3200
homeless.
1932-1938: General droughty conditions combine with inappropriate farming practices
and a depressed economy to create the “
Dust Bowl”throughout the High Plains
including northwestern Oklahoma.
1933: Driest June, statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.46 inch.
1933 Tie for warmest December, statewide-averaged temperature of 46.5 degrees.
1934 April 3-4: Hammon flood in eastern Roger Mills County. 14 inches of rain in 6
hours near Cheyenne.
1935 Coldest February of century, statewide-averaged temperature of 44.9 degrees.
1900-2000
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1935 February, March, and April: Unusually severe dust storms. The most general one on
April 10-11,covered almost the entire state and was the heaviest known in central and
eastern portions, reducing visibility to 11/2 blocks as far east as Cleveland (Pawnee
County). The “
Black Sunday”dust storm that struck in northwestern Oklahoma on the
14th was the worst ever seen in that region. Visibility was reduced to zero from Kenton to
Arnett, beginning shortly after 4 PM. According to the observer at Kenton, the storm
struck at 4:20 PM “
turning afternoon brightness immediately into midnight darkness, and
absolute zero visibility. It was totally dark and impossible to see without searchlight for
at least 15 minutes. In the course of one hour, faint visibility was returning just enough to
get around in the open. The storm came from the north and northeast and traveled at a
very great speed.”(Quote from Climatological Data, April 1935 which cited Mr. Ralph
H. Guy.) “
Panhandle stations reported moderate to heavy dust 20 days during the month
(April) and light dust on other days.”Oklahoma City noted dust on 18 days. Only the 3rd,
19th, and 29th (April) were without dust.
1936 Alva (July 18), Altus (July 19 and August 12), and Poteau (August 12) each report
daily maximum temperatures of 120 degrees, the highest ever recorded in Oklahoma.
1936: Warmest (87.9 degrees) and driest (0.22 inches of precipitation) August of century.
1938: Wettest February of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 4.66 inches.
1941: Wettest month of century, October statewide-averaged precipitation of 11.32
inches.
1942 April 27: F4 tornado strikes Pryor, killing 52.
1942 Wettest April of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 8.50 inches.
1942 June 12: F4 tornado in Oklahoma City kills 35.
1942 December 12: State-record 24 hour snowfall 30.3 inches at Ardmore.
1943 May 18-22: Record flood on the Arkansas near Muskogee.
1943 July 26: Tishomingo ties state temperature record with daily maximum of 120
degrees.
1945: April 12: F5 tornado kills 69 in Antlers, F4 tornado kills 13 in Muskogee.
1945 April 13-14: 14.6 inches of rain at Seminole. Wewoka Dam fails.
1945 Wettest September of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 7.86 inches.
1947 Statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.20 inches ties for driest February of century.
1947 April 9: F5 Tornado kills 116 in Woodward.
1947-1963: University of Oklahoma football fans enjoy “
Bud Wilkinson”weather as
there is no rain in Norman on a home football Saturday during the entire period.
1900-2000
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Oklahoma State University fans consider this to be a product of the long-term drought
that plagued agriculture throughout the period.
1948 March 20, March 25: Tornadoes strike Tinker Air Force Base 5 days apart. $10
million damage from the first, but successful forecast of second by Air Force
meteorologists Fawbush and Miller prevents significant damage to aircraft. This is the
first successful scientific forecast of a tornado.
1948 March 25: F4 tornado strikes Lenna, killing 10.
1948 June 23-24: As much as 20 inches of rain in west central Oklahoma leads to major
flash flooding near Hydro and in Kingfisher. Flood on Route 66 near Hydro kills 11.
1949: Wettest January of century, state-averaged precipitation of 5.23 inches.
1950 May 11-12: Flood of record on Illinois River near Tahlequah. The new
Fort Gibson reservoir filled one year ahead of predictions.
1950-1956 Driest 7-year period of century with an average annual statewide precipitation
of 28.51 inches
1950: Wettest July of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 9.26 inches.
1952-1956: Driest 5-year period of century with an annual average statewide
1952: Tied for driest October of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.14 inch.
1953: Warmest June of century, statewide averaged temperature of 85.1 degrees.
1954-1956: Driest 3-year period of century with an annual average statewide
1954: Warmest February of century, statewide-averaged temperature of 51.8 degrees.
1954: Hottest July of century with a statewide-averaged temperature of 88.6 degrees.
1954: Warmest year of century, statewide-averaged annual temperature of 63.7 degrees.
1955 May 12: F5 tornado hits Blackwell, killing 20.
1956 July: 7 tornadoes, record for month.
1956 September: Driest September of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.27
inch.
1956 Regnier annual precipitation of 6.53 inches is least ever for any station in state.
1957 April: 40 tornadoes, record for month.
1957 May 16-21: Heavy rains throughout. Major flooding on Cimarron, Arkansas,
Canadian. $20M losses to agriculture alone. Lake Texoma emergency spillway opened
for first time. Floods marked the end of persistent drought that began in 1952.
1957: Wettest May of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 10.68 inches
1900-2000
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1957: Annual precipitation at Kiamichi Tower, 84.47 inches, greatest of century at any
reporting station.
1957: Wettest year of Century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 48.21 inches.
1957 107 tornadoes, second greatest number in any year, 1950-1999.
1958 November: 12 tornadoes record for month.
1959 October 2-5: Severe flooding on Cimarron and Arkansas.
1960 May 5: F4 tornado kills 16 at Wilburton and Keota.
1961 May 5: F4 tornado kills 16 at Howe and Reichert.
1960-61: Second most tornadoes in consecutive years, 179.
1962: Warmest May of century, statewide-averaged temperature of 74.5 degrees.
1963: Warmest October of century, statewide-averaged temperature of 70.7 degrees.
1965: Tied for warmest December of century, statewide-averaged temperature of 46.5
degrees.
1971 February 21-22: Blizzard in northwest Oklahoma. Buffalo receives 36 inches of
snow, state record for storm-total snowfall.
1971 Driest March of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.38 inch.
1973 Wettest March of century, statewide-averaged precipitation of 7.46 inches.
1973 June 24: Tornado at Union City is the first intercepted and photographed by “
chase
team”deployed for that purpose.
1973 October 11: 15.68 inches of rain at Enid, state record daily and 24 hour rainfall (fell
in 13 hours). 12 inches fell in 3hours. Flash-flooding killed 9.
1974 Coolest September of century, statewide-averaged temperature of 65.4 degrees.
1974 June 8: F4 tornado kills 14 in Drumright.
1975 February: 6 tornadoes, record for month.
1977 August 27-28: 12 inches of rain fell near Cache, 7.7 inches in 6 hours.
1978: Dr. Amos Eddy designated Oklahoma State Climatologist, the first non-federal
employee to hold that position.
1980: Oklahoma Climatological Survey established at the University of Oklahoma.
1980 Summer heat wave: daily maximum temperature at Oklahoma City exceeded 100
degrees 50 times during the season.
1980 Driest July of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.41 inch.
1981 October 10-17: Remnants of Hurricane Norma produce as much as 18 inches of rain
in 36 hours in south central Oklahoma (Kingston-Madill-Tishomingo).
1982: 101 tornadoes, 3rd most in one year since 1950.
1900-2000
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1983 October 17-23: Remnants of Hurricane Tico produce up to 10-15 inches of rain,
extensive flooding, from Rush Springs to Shawnee. Damages estimated at $84M,
including $77M to agriculture.
1983: 92 tornadoes, 5th most in one year since 1950.
1982-1983: 193 tornadoes, 2nd greatest number of tornadoes in consecutive years.
1983 Coldest April of century with a statewide-averaged temperature of 54.0 degrees.
1983 Coldest December of century with a statewide averaged temperature of 26.5
degrees. Oklahoma City temperature did not exceed freezing from 17th through the 31st.
1984 May 26-27: Tulsa Memorial Day flood –more than 12 inches of rain overnight,
subsequent flooding left 14 dead, destroyed or damaged 5,500 homes and over 7,000
vehicles. In reaction to this disaster, Tulsa launched a massive flood prevention and
warning system that remains among the most effective public safety programs in the
nation.
1984 Wettest December of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 4.98
inches.
1986 Driest January of century with a statewide averaged precipitation of 0.04 inches.
1986 September 30-October 4: Remnants of Hurricane Paine produce rains of around 10
inches in western and central Oklahoma and as much as 20 inches in north central
Oklahoma. Major flooding on Arkansas River and its tributaries. Flooding was reported
in 52 counties, damages estimated at $350M, half of that to agriculture.
1987 May 29-30: Intense thunderstorm producing 5 to 11 inches of rain produced flash
flooding in Chickasha, Lindsey, and Pauls Valley.
1987 mid-December through early January 1988: Series of winter storms. December 1315: 8 to 14 inches of snow over northwest half of state, drifting up to 4 feet. December
25-27: Intense ice storm along 40-mile-wide stretch from Duncan to Norman to Tulsa
and on to Miami left 75,000 homes without power, one-third of those for as long as a
week. Ice accumulations of one to two inches on power lines and trees led to $10M in
damages. Flooding occurred on rivers just southeast of the ice storm. January 5-7, 1988:
Heavy snow –10 inches over much of the state with some areas receiving 16 to 18
inches. Rooftop drifts of two to three feet caused extensive damage.
1988: 17 tornadoes, fewest in one year during 1950-1999 period.
1988 Driest May of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 1.30 inches.
1989 Driest April of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.58 inch.
1988-89: 37 tornadoes, fewest in consecutive years since 1950.
1900-2000
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1989 Cold outbreak March 3, temperatures fall over 50 degrees in a few hours, severe
thunderstorms form over the cold air.
1990 May 1-4: Major flooding on Red, Canadian, and Arkansas.
1991 March: 17 tornadoes, most March tornadoes, 1950-1999.
1991 April 26: Severe thunderstorm outbreak, the first during which the National
Weather Service made operational use of the WSR-88D (Doppler) radar, commonly
known as NEXRAD.
1992 September: 16 tornadoes, most September tornadoes, 1950-1999
1994 March 1: Oklahoma Mesonet commissioned –first statewide network of its kind.
1994 June 27: Tipton Mesonet site records 120 degree temperature, tieing the all-time
state record.
1994 Aug 17: Severe thunderstorm produces large hail over a north/south path extending
from Manchester, near the Kansas border, to Minco in central Oklahoma. Mesonet site at
Lahoma recorded a peak wind of 113 miles per hour before anemometer was broken.
1995 June: 28 tornadoes, most June tornadoes, 1950-1999.
1995-1996 August-May: Extreme drought disastrous fire season, very small wheat
harvest.
1996 Driest February of century with a statewide-averaged precipitation of 0.20 inches
(tied).
1998 Severe summer drought began at the end of a “
perfect”wheat growing season.
1998 October 4: 27 tornadoes, national record for tornadoes in any state on a single day
in October.
1998 October: 27 tornadoes, national record for tornadoes in any state during October.
1999 May 3: Tornado outbreak in central Oklahoma –75 tornadoes in 21 hours. F5
damage in Moore, Midwest City, Del City, south Oklahoma City. Toll: 40 dead, over 700
injures, $1B damages.
1999 May: 91 tornadoes, most in one month, 1950-1999.
1999 Warmest November of century with a statewide-averaged temperature of 56.2
degrees.
1999: Most tornadoes in a single year, 137 tornadoes.
1998-1999: Most tornadoes in consecutive years, 220.
2000 August-September mini-drought, 1.16 inches of precipitation, statewide, over the
two months, was 5.5 inches less than normal. August’
s statewide-averaged precipitation
(0.16 inch) broke the 1936 record for that month

oklahoma history of flooding - Oklahoma Floodplain Managers

Transcription

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