The Middle Ages - Polk School District

What assumptions can be made about the Middle Ages based on the video clip and what you already know about this time period?
The
Middle
Ages
What causes the collapse of the Rome Empire? (p. 175)
Roman Empire
Collapses
Traits of an
effective leader
Your Homework
Write a paragraph answering the following two questions:
Who would be an example of a strong and effective leader? (from history or alive today)
What traits/characteristics make him/her a great leader?
What Rome Provided to Europe...
What problems did
Europe face after the
collapse of the Roman
Empire?
Rome Collapses,
Europe plunges into
the "Dark Ages"
The Rise of the Franks
Clovis
Pepin II
•
•
•
•
Frankish king • Reunited the Frankish conquered Gaul (France)
tribes
united the Frankish tribes
established the Merovingian dynasty • upon death, Frankish tribe divided between his sons
Pepin III "the Short"
• starts the Carolingian dynasty
• defeats the Lombards in Italy
• gives territory gained near Rome to Pope creating Papal States
Charlemagne
• See the next slide
P. 288
Charles Martel
• Known as "Charles the Hammer"
• halted the Spanish Moors (Muslims) from invading France
Charlemagne
Military
Accomplishments
• defeated the Lombards
in Italy
• conquered the Saxons in
Germany
• defeated the Avyars in
Central Europe
• Pushed the Moors back
into Spain
• Gained territory in Spain
known as the "Spanish
March"
• created a kingdom that
included France,
Germany, & Northern
Italy (Holy Roman
Empire)
•
•
•
•
•
Government
p. 289­290
Education & Learning
established the missi
• started schools for
dominici to carry his
small children of
orders and to ensure his
noble class
orders were being
• Curriculum based
obeyed
on Roman model
Divided the empire into
(grammar,
different governing
rhetoric, math,
regions
Each region governed by logic, music, etc)
a Count who reported • had the Bible
back to him
translated into the
Tied the nobles to him
common language
using oaths of Fealty
• established
Established his capital at
universities
Aix‐la‐Chappelle
• established libraries
(Aachen, Germany)
Charlemagne
Holy Roman Empire After Charlemagne
Charlemagne dies in _______________ CE
________________________, Charlemagne's son, becomes the new _____________________________.
Strength: __________________________________________
Weaknesses: _______________________________________
_______________________________________
Louis the Pious does not name an heir, empire divided between three sons:
_______________________________ receives Germany
_________________________________ receives France
_________________________________ receives Rhine & Italy
Results in fighting between the three brothers.
______________________________ tries to resolve the conflict
What problems did
Europe face after the
death of Charlemagne?
Charlemagne names his son Louis the Pious as his heir. Louis the Pious devotes himself to studying religion. Does not focus on governing the Empire.
Louis the Pious does not name an heir. His 3 sons fight to take control of the Holy Roman Empire.
(Lothair, Louis the German, & Charles the Bald)
Treaty of Verdun settles dispute; divides the Holy Roman Empire between Lothair, Louis the German, & Charles the Bald, but fighting continues
Charlemagne Dies
Kings lose power. Power goes to local lords. (government becomes decentralized) Frequent fighting between local lords over control of land
Frequent invasion by the Vikings, Moors, Avyars, and Huns
Opening Assignment ‐ Define
Missi Dominici:
Feudalism:
Fief/Fiefdom:
Vassal:
Fealty: An oath of loyalty between an overlord and his
vassal
Primogeniture:
Chivalry:
Write a paragraph describing how the feudal system worked. ( Page 294)
include the following terms (underline in your paragraph):
> Feudal System/Feudalism
> King
> Lord
> Noble/Nobility
> Fief or fiefdom
> Vassal
> Fealty
> Knight
> Peasant
> Serf
The Feudal System
click under the statement to reveal information
The Feudal System is ...
• A system of decentralized government based on loyalty between lord and vassal.
When given a fief (land grant), a vassal agrees to...
• be loyal to his lord
• provide military assistance to his lord
• pay a tax/tribute to his lord
Receiving a fief, meant a vassal could...
• use the land and its products to support self and family
• have an inheritance for his son
• could further subdivide the fief
Rule of primogeniture states that ...
• the right to govern a fief went to the oldest surviving son
Medieval Warfare
Feudal Justice System
Trial by Ordeal
In order to prove
innocence, you
must complete a
challenge or task
Trial by Compurgation
The "Oath­Taking"
accused person
is asked to bring
witnesses to testify
to his good character
and innocence
Trial by Combat
Two people who are
accusing each other
must fight it out (or
representatives must
fight). The victor is
innocent.
He who has the most
"trustworthy"
witnesses wins!
What is the premise on which all three of these systems are based?
God will protect the innocent
Knighthood
Who often became knights?
What are the steps in becoming a knight?
What was the code by which knights lived? (describe it)
Pages 295 & 298­299
Read the article on Chivalry available on the class web­site in the Middle Ages folder. As you read, circle key terms and phrases that give insight to the Code of Chivalry and the values it upholds.
Chivalry
Brainstorm ways in which religion impacts your daily life, the government/political system, and our economic systems.
Religion
Pages Role of the Roman Catholic Church
300­303
Why did the Roman Catholic Church become the main unifying force in Europe after Charlemagne?
What services did the Roman Catholic Church provide to the community?
The Roman Catholic Church
List the different levels in the Church and describe its function.
Pages 300­301
Opening Assignment
Write a paragraph explaining the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church and the role of the Church in Europe during the Middle Ages. Include the following terms: (underline the terms as you use them in your paragraph).
> Archbishop
> Bishop
> Cardinals
> Parish Priest
> Pope
Monasticism
Definition:
Pages 301­302
• a religious community separated from the "real world" dedicated to the service and worship of God Who created the rules for monastic life? What changes did he institute?
• St. Benedict
• All possessions go to the Church when one enters the monastery
• live simply, work hard, devote yourself to the worship of God
Why did people choose the monastic life?
• they wanted to be closer to God
• wanted to separate themselves from the temptation & corruption of the "real world"
What role did monasteries serve in the medieval society?
• they cared for the poor, widows, and orphans • they ran schools for the communities & the training of future Church leaders
• the provided care the sick
• provided a safe haven (place) for travelers
Pages 302­303
Political
Influence of the Church on Medieval Life
Economic
Social
What tools does the Church have to keep people following their rules?
Pages 302­ 303
Canon Law:
Excommunication:
Interdict:
Heresy:
Why was it so important to stay in favor with the Roman Catholic Church?
Problems in the Church
Simony:
Investiture:
Indulgences:
Other examples of corruption:
How are kingdoms going to respond to these problems in the Church?
Middle Ages in England
Create a FLEE (Flow + Tree) Map of the Middle Ages in England
England divided between the Angles & Saxons
Reign of Henry I
Alfred of Wessex comes to power
Reign of Henry II & the Canterbury controversy Duke William of Normandy conquers England
King John & the Magna Carta
What was the impact of William
the Conquer's conquest of
England?
William the Conquer takes over England
What were the results of the
Magna Carta
King John forced to sign Magna Carta
The Magna Carta
What is the importance of the Magna Carta to the development of government? What principles does the Magna Carta establish?
What led to the development of Parliament?
Why was the development of Parliament important?
Explain the development of common law?
The Capetian Kings of France
Hugh Capet becomes king of France
King Philip Augustus increases French holdings
Reign of Philip IV and the creation of the Estates­General