the Austrian story

THE AUSTRIAN CASE STUDY
E-Mobility in Austria and Results of
the COMPETT project activities
11 June 2015 // Reinhard Jellinek
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
01 OVERVIEW ON E-MOBILITY IN AUSTRIA
02 COMPETT PROJECT ACTIVITIES – SELECTED RESULTS
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AUSTRIA HAS BEEN A PIONEER IN E-MOBILITY –
FROM 1899 TO TODAY
Lohner-Porsche e-Phaeton,
Vienna, 1899
E-Mobility in Tourism, 1998
Werfenweng, Salzburg
Austro Daimler-Tudor e-parcelcarrier, k.&.k. Austrian Post, 1913
Pilot region VLOTTE: eThink,
iMieV, Tesla R, Vorarlberg 2009
BEL 2500 Bergmann e-truck
Post 1950 – 1983, Vienna
e-mobility Post, vans and
e-bikes, Vienna, since 2012
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FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS IN AUSTRIA
• Daily average km per private passenger vehicle in Austria:
about 35 km
• Vehicles used by the City of Vienna have an average annual mileage of
7,000 km (Austria: approx. 15,000 km)
• 50% of trips are less than 5km
• Automotive sector is important:
• More than 175,000 employees,
• Turnover around 30 Billion €/a
• Extensive expertise in the drive train (BMW, Opel, AVL, Magna)
• Target defined in the energy strategy: 250,000 EVs (BEV and PHEV)
by 2020 (=5% of vehicle stock)
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HIGH SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
IN AUSTRIA
Source: E-Control
Consumption of public grid
Share of green electricity
5
BEV (Green electr.)
BEV (Grid Austria)
PHEV (Green electr).
Grid PHEV (Austria)
H2-BZWV (4)
E85
Diesel
H2-BZWV (Grid Austria (3)
CNG
Petrol
GHG-Emissions in g/veh.km
ECO-BALANCE OF CARS IN AUSTRIA
Direct Emissions
Upstream
(power supply)
Upstream (vehicle
manufacturing)
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FAR LESS MARKET DEVELOPMENT
COMPARED TO NORWAY AND THE
NETHERLANDS
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Source: Aichmaier, Ludwig: Proceedings REAL CORP 2015
STARTING POINTS FOR THE LAUNCH OF
ELECTRIC MOBILITY ON THE AUSTRIAN
MARKET
• Support programmes
• Positive tax framework
• Since 2008: pilot regions and lighthouse projects, demonstrating
technological solutions and regional pilots
• Contrary to Norway, no VAT exemption and almost no nonmonetary incentives such as the use of bus lanes, free parking, etc.
• National subsidies only for companies, cities, etc. (not for private
persons)
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INCENTIVES FOR E-MOBILITY
• Financial incentives and purchase tax credits are offered for new cars
with alternative propulsion systems:
– EVs are exempted from the purchase tax and the annual motor
vehicle tax, resulting in about 4,000 EUR savings over five years
– Financial incentives and purchase tax credits for companies and
communities are offered within the national climate protection
programme “klima:aktiv”
– Financial incentives for private users are given from four of the
nine Austrian federal states: 750 EUR up to 4,000 EUR per evehicle.
• Insurance companies offer discounts from 10 to 20 % for e-vehicles
• Only a few cities offer free parking for e-vehicles (not Vienna)
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SUBSIDIES OFFERED BY „KLIMAAKTIV MOBIL“
Subsidies
With green electricity
E-Bicycle
€ 200
€ 400
E-Scooter
€ 250
€ 500
Hybrid
€ 400
€ 800 (with biofuels)
REEV, PHEV
€ 500-1.500
€ 1.000-3.000
BEV
€ 2.000
€ 4.000
E-bus/trolleys
Up to € 30.000
Up to € 60.000
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RESULTS OF KLIMAAKTIV MOBIL
E-MOBILITY PROJECTS
• Around 10,000 electric vehicles (primarily e-bikes/e-scooters and
light-weight community e-vehicles) were funded within the
programme
• Additionally over 1,000 electric charging points
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MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF E-CARS
IN AUSTRIA
Stock 2014:
3,386 BEV
1,760 PHE / REEV
Share of E-vehicles in total stock
(4.7 million cars): 0.07 %
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PROJECTION UNTIL 2030 (SCENARIO
WITH ADDITIONAL MEASURES)
Projected e-vehicle stock
BEV
PHEV
Stock of vehicles
Total (incl. REEV)
Source: Austrian Environment Agency
From 2018
functioning
mass market for
e-cars.
Share of e-cars
in new
registrations
increasing from
18% in 2020
up to 80% in
2030.
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CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
• 1,900 charging stations (not charging points/plugs)
• Lack of rapid charging stations
• Demand for rapid charging stations
e-tankstellen-finder.com
until 2020: 60-90
CEE 3 polig
CEE 5 polig
CEE 7 polig
Typ2 Plug
Home Plug
Yazaki Typ1
XLR Stecker
CHAdeMO
Total
313
289
13
161
1,070
4
48
9
1,907
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PILOT REGIONS FOR E-MOBILITY
• Initiated by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund
• Focusing on electric vehicles powered by renewable energy sources
and the integration of “vehicle use schemes”:
– Users within the pilot regions pay a monthly “mobility rate”
which includes not only the electric vehicle, but also the use of
public transport.
• To date, seven pilot regions have been established reaching about
3.5 million people or 40 percent of the population of Austria
• Around 50% of EVs in Austria are on the move in the pilot regions
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AUSTRIAN PILOT REGIONS FOR
E-MOBILTITY
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PILOT
REGIONS
• 120-150 km range of e-vehicles is sufficient for daily journeys
• 80 to 90 % of slow charging at home/office with ordinary power
plugs (2.3 kW power). Re-charging of batteries is only needed every
third day
• Public charging stations are psychologically important, but little used,
except for fast, high power (55kW) charging stations
• Despite available subsidies and tax reductions, the total costs of
ownwership of e-cars are, for most car models, still considerably
higher in Austria compared to conventional cars: 3,000 – 13,000 EUR
over a period of 8 years.
• Thus financial support is crucial for a further market development at
present
• Supply with new renewable energy is not a problem
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LAST BUT NOT LEAST: ECODRIVING
•
•
•
•
1st EcoDriving Competition with e-Cars in Austria, May 2014
Vehicle: VW e-up
50 participants
Winner: 6.8 kWh/100km
= less than 1 liter diesel!
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PART II: SELECTED ACTIVITIES WITHIN
THE COMPETT PROJECT
• Objective: Find out about barriers and success factors for
e-mobility
– Nation-wide survey:
• Socio-demographic aspects
• Mobility behaviour
• Attitudes, motiviation and barriers in respect to e-mobility
– Corresponding as close as possible with the Norwegian
questionnaire
– Sample: 400 persons; 34 with a battery electric car
– Not representative for the Austrian population in terms of age,
sex, education level, households income, location of residence!
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REGIONAL STUDY IN
KLAGENFURT AM WÖRTHERSEE
•
•
•
•
•
One of the eight Austrian Pilot Regions for e-mobility
Population: 100,000; Capital of the federal state of Carinthia
High motorisation level (572 cars/1000 inhabitants in 2007)
80% of commuters are using their own car
Share of public transport in modal split is only 5.7%
(cars as driver has 60%)
• In January 2014, an „Action plan for mobility“ with more than 90
measures was introduced
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ACTIVITIES IN KLAGENFURT
• General telephone survey amon residents (105 participants)
• Interviews with users of e-vehicles
• Including specific questions on existing initiatives:
– e-cars test vehicles
– e-car sharing
– e-taxis
– e-vehicles used by businesses, including goods transport
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SELECTED RESULTS OF AUSTRIAN
SURVEYS (1/4)
• Main motivation of users to buy an e-car
1. perception that it is more environmental friendly
2. driving an e-car is good fun
3. low operating costs
For companies also marketing purposes
• Main Worries
1. high purchase price
2. poor public charging infrastructure
3. limited range for special trips (going on holidays, driving
to Vienna)
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SELECTED RESULTS OF AUSTRIAN
SURVEYS (2/4)
• For potential users, the most important motivation to buy an e-car
would be
1. a lower purchase price
2. a range equal to petrol/diesel
3. a well developed network of public charging stations
• Non-monetary incentives (use of bus lanes, free parking) are far less
important
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SELECTED RESULTS OF AUSTRIAN
SURVEYS (3/4)
• 10% have concrete plans to buy an e-car in the near future:
– 50% to replace their only car
– 38% to replace one car in a multi car household
– 13% want to buy it as an additional car
• Around 2/3 are considering to buy an e-car as a viable option
but do not have concrete plans yet
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SELECTED RESULTS OF AUSTRIAN
SURVEYS (4/4)
• Changes in mobility behavior of e-car users:
– About 40% of the respondents stated that their mobility has not
changed at all
– 2/3 stated that they now drive less with conventionally fuelled
cars or motorcycles
– Only a minority reported that they walk and cycle or use public
transport less
– Some respondents reported that they drive less while others
reported that they drive more since having access to the battery
electric car
• Users are very happy with their purchase, they feel it’s better than
expected, would buy again and recommend to others
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THE AUSTRIAN CASE – SUMMARY
•
•
•
•
•
•
There is a substantial potential for replacing cars with internal combustion
engines by battery electric vehicles
In Austria most EVs are owned by companies rather than private individuals
(mainly due to subsidies focusing on companies and private persons are
concerned about the range)
Users are very happy with their purchase, they feel it’s better than expected,
would buy again and recommend to others
Main motivations for users: Environmental aspects, fun to drive,
marketing (for companies)
Incentives such as use of bus lanes and free parking in cities are rare and not
considered as a major motivation by potential users
One major concern: Poor public charging infrastructure.
Fast charging stations used to be rare – and existing ones rarely used
(however, development is on the way)
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INVITATION TO OUR PILOT REGION
Klagenfurt, 16-17 September 2015
www.cemobil.eu
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CONTACT
Reinhard Jellinek
Scientific Officer
AUSTRIAN ENERGY AGENCY
—
Mariahilfer Straße 136 | 1150 Vienna | Austria
[email protected] | www.energyagency.at
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